A/35/PV.59 General Assembly

The year 1980 has been the year of the triumphant victory of the people of Zimbabwe. As a result of long years of constant struggle, the people of Zimbabwe has achieved the overthrow of the,white minority racist regime and' has set up its own inde- pendent democratic State. The resounding victory of 38. In that connexion, I should simply like to recall that in resolution 35/28 adopted at the 57th plenary meeting yesterday on the activities of foreign, eco- nomic and other interests which are impeding the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples in Namibia and in all other Territories under colonial domination and efforts to eliminate colonialism, apartheid and racial discrimination in southern Africa [agenda item 86], the Assembly strongly condemns the collusion of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Israel and the United States of America with South Africa in the nuclear field and calls upon all other Governments to continue to refrain from supplying the racist minority regime of South Africa, directly or indirectly, with installations that might enable it to produce uranium, plutonium and other nuclear materials, reactors or military equipment. 39. Moreover, we should point out that in violation of the mandatory arms embargo arms merchants are not only arming the racist regime of South Africa so that it can suppress the national liberation movement of the people of that country but also aiding and abet- ting it in new military adventures beyond the borders of the country. 40. With the assistance and support of suppliers of arms, the Pretoria regime is continuing its illegal occupation of Namibia and oppressing the patriots of that Territory. It is also cynically exploiting the natural wealth of Namibia and is preventing the exer- cise by the people of that Territory of its right to self- determination. With the assistance and support of suppliers of arms, the South African racist regime is committing acts of aggression against neighbouring independent African countries. 41. As a result of the aggressive acts of the South African racist regime and of the policy of connivance practised by some Western Powers, South Africa remains a hotbed of tensions, fraught with dangerous consequences for the peace and security of mankind. 42. The Mongolian delegation believes that the Security Council must adopt further measures to strengthen the sanctions against the SQuth African racist regime. 44~ Demands such as these are to be found in innu- merable international documents, including docu- ments of international conferences and seminars organized by the Special Committee against Apartheid in 1980and of many United Nations bodies. 45. In that connexion, our delegation would like to express its gratitude to the Special Committee against Apartheid for the significant work it has done in mobilizing the. international community against apartheid and in organizing a widespread campaign for sanctions against South Africa. Our delegation feels that the International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa, which is to take place next year, is of great importance. It can make an important contribution to the implementation of effective inter- national action. 46. The General Assembly could promote that cause if it were to adopt decisions calling upon all States to take an active part in preparing for and en- suring the success ofthe Conference. It is-also ofgreat importance that work be continued on the further mobilization of world public opinion in support of efforts against apartheid through committees of soli- darity, trade unions and feminist, youth, religious and other non-governmental organizations. 47. As far as the Mongolian People's Republic is concerned, it has no relations of any kind with the South African racist regime, and its people and Gov- ernment fully support the efforts of the United Na- tions to end the individious policy ofapartheid. They express their full support and solidarity with the struggle of the people of South Africa against the racist colonial yoke and for freedom, equal rights and human dignity.

At this thirty-fifth session of the Gen- eral Assembly, the international community is again considering the question of apartheid, on which the Republic of Argentina has frequently expressed its position before this body and in other international forums. 49. Once again, the Government of Argentina clearly and categorically rejects the regime of apart- heid and all forms of racial discrimination. We do not have the slightest doubt that such discriminatory re- gimes, which represent true systems of injustice and social oppression are offensive to the moral con- science of all nations. They are and will continue to be the cause of continuous suffering and conflicts between men and nations.

As we resume our discussion this year on agenda item 28, concerning the policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa, the delegation of Brazil would like to go on record as expressing its sincere appreciation for the work done by the Special Committee against Apart.. heid. Under the chairmanship of the Ambassador of Nigeria it has been providing the General Assembly with invaluable information and suggestions through- out the years. This year's report of the Special Com.. mittee [A/35/22] is yet another contribution to the unremitting efforts undertaken by the United Nations in its struggle to erase apartheid and racial discrimi- nation from the face of the earth. 61. South Africa continues to subject its people to the abhorrent policies of apartheid. It has stubbornly refused to heed the countless appeals voiced in the United Nations and elsewhere. The procrastinating 66. The Security Council is expected to meet shortly on-thequestion of South Africa. The meeting has been requested by the group of African States, and we believe that, whatever the importance of the problems 73. Let me say a few words about this scurrilous "special report". First, in its very first sentence it again reveals the biased, one-sided attitude of its authors. It reaches its conclusions before even pre- senting its rather shaky case. It states high-handedly - that there is an "... increasing collaboration between Israel and South Africain political, military, nuclear, economic and cultural fields" [A/35/22/Add.2,para. I]. 72. It is most unfortunate to learn that, notwith- standing the facts, the Special Committee against Apartheid continues to subject my country to ten- dentious and demonstrably false accusations and thereby to expose itself to ridicule and contempt. For that Committee, the facts seem irrelevant petty annoyances to be shoved aside when they interfere with the designs of certain States to exploit this issue 74. The sheer fact is that nowhere in that so-called report can one find even an attempt to prove such groundless charges. The Special Committee tried to explain the reason for submitting this non-report to the General Assembly by citing the resolution adopted by the General Assembly at its thirty-fourth session, which it claims instructs the Committee "to keep the matter under constant review and to report to the General Assembly and the Security Council as appro- priate" [ibid.]. Well, if this nonsense which passes for the Special Committee's special report has been deemed "appropriate" by its members, it is a sad re- flection on the Committee's dedication, work and attitude regarding its raison d'etre, namely, fighting apartheid. 75. Secondly, among its 30 paragraphs, not once -not even once-did the Committee see fit to men- tion any statement by an Israel official concerning the matters reported. There is no mention-not even a single-of the letters and notes of the Permanent Representative of Israel sent in response to inquiries by appropriate organs of the United Nations, in- cluding the Special Committee itself. 76. Thirdly, the report purports to substantiate its arbitrary assertions by adducing a compilation of irrelevant information and second-hand speculations by third-rate informers. Take, for example, the alle- gations about economic collaboration with South Africa. According to the latest trade statistics of IMF, Israel's trade with South Africa still amounts to no more than two fifths of 1 per cent of the total trade with South Africa-a proportion that has remained remarkably constant over the last few years. In con- trast, according to South Africa's own official records of June 1980, exports from South Africa to black Africa in 1979 increased by 39 per cent over the pre- vious year. Moreover, South Africa had commercial relations with 46 of the 52 States members of the Organization of African Unity lOA U]. Consistent press reports also reveal that despite their pious dis- claimers in this hall the Arab petro-hegemonist Powers continue to trade billions of dollars' worth of their oil' for gold, for foodstuffs and for building materials from South Africa. 77. Or let us take as another example the allegations of nuclear co-operation with South Africa. In the report of the Secretary-General on the "implementa- tion of the Declaration on the Denuclearization of Africa", dated 9 September 1980 [A/35/402 and Corr. I]; the section entitled "Nuclear co-operation with other countries" reviews the record of official and unofficial co-operation including the training of scientists and exchange of sophisticated technologies, 16-year-old daughter of Mr. Nelson Mandela. 81. I have no intention of dealing in further detail with the contents of this non-report. What I was trying to do here was to set forth some facts. But these are only facts, and certain participants in this debate will not be persuaded by mere facts into forgoing their ritualistic condemnation of Israel. 82. If the only consequence of this continued pro- pagation of cant about my country were the unjusti- fied attempt to tarnish Israel's reputation in the world community, that alone would be worthy of profound the world's justified abhorrence).:of apartheid to gain support for their sectarian campaign of hatred against my p'ople not only belittle the gravity ofthe injustices perpetrated in the name of racial superiority, but also disrupt the unanimity needed to act effectively to remove discrimination and restore human dignity. The specious singling out of Israel, therefore, can serve only to undermine the efforts of well-meaning States to cleanse the world of the plagues of racism and racial discrimination. 83. In conclusion, so that there may be no misunder- standing of Israel's stand of the principle before us, let me affirm once again our strong and absolute oppo- sition to the policy of apartheid. We have made our stand clear to the Government of South Africa, and we believe that our approach better serves the cause of eliminating racial discrimination than does that of countries and groups which continue to abuse the Committee and these debates to vent their own pre- judices and serve their own partisan objectives. 84. Asa multiracial people of all colours and back- grounds, we cannot beanything but critical of a policy which causes humiliation to others on account of their race or colour. In fact, we would be unfaithful to our Jewish heritage if we were to leave the slightest doubt in anybody's mind that we abhor any form of racism, racial discrimination or humiliation.

Once again the General Assembly is concentrating its attention on the abhorrent policies of apartheid. It is common knowledge that apartheid stands for political, econ- omic, social and cultural degradation of the black population in South Africa exemplified in practical terms by drastic injustices and disproprotions in wages, education, health and, in fact, all areas of social and political life in favour of the white minor- ity. The United Nations in numerous resolutions has not only condemned apartheid as a crime against the conscience and dignity of mankind but also has called on South Africa to dismantle immediately that ana- chronistic system of racial oppression. However, all the resolutions of the United Nations have been neglected by the South African regime. Apartheid still remains a serious challenge to the international community. 86. As 'can be seen from the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid, during the past year there has been no improvement in the situation in South Africa. On the contrary, the racist regime has stepped up its repressions against the opponents of apartheid. More and more peG.,le demanding the eli- mination of the inhuman system have been arrested and imprisoned. 87. The Pretoria regime continues also its policy of bantustanization aimed at depriving the black popu- lation ef its own homeland and creating reservoirs of cheap labour for the white minority. It serves also as a device for strengthening the ethnic and tribal ditTe- 89. A new dimension to the dangers inherent in the system of apartheid has been added by the reports on the development of nuclear weapons by South Africa. My delegation has already pointed out on many occasions that the acquisition of nuclear weap- ons by the Pretoria regime would create the most direct threat to the security of African States and would greatly escalate the threat posed by the South African regime to international peace and security. 90. In the face of strong internal opposition and increasing isolation abroad, the apartheid regime is trying to deceive world public opinion by introducing some cosmetic changes which do not change in any way the very nature of apartheid. The truth is that the people of South Africa continue to suffer from the effects of the system of institutionalize ~ racial dis- crimination and segregation. In spite of the oppres- sive measures taken by the Pretoria regime, opposi- tion to the policy of apartheid has recently further increased. The national liberation movement is gaining more and more popular support in its bold actions against the white minority regime. 91. In their legitimate struggle against apartheid the people of South Africa count heavily on the continued and increased support of the international community. The total elimination of apartheid is an urgent task which should receive even greater priority among the efforts of the United Nations. My delegation therefore fully shares the view expressed by the Special Committee against Apartheid in its report that the United Nations must take urgent measures to step up the international mobilization against apart- heid proclaimed in 1979 [resolution 33//83 B) for the total isclation of the apartheid regime and for full support for the national liberation movement of South Africa. 92. The situation in South Africa calls for more -speciflc and meaningful action on the part of the Organization against this inhuman system of racial discrimination. There are still possibilities of in- creasing the pressure of international public opinion 101. Contrary to what some would wish to have one believe-that prospects for change are emerging, including the possibility of the abolition of the noto- rious Immorality Act--everything shows that the authorities of,the country are determined to conso- lidate the racist regime and to continue the' policy of apartheid that the United Nations has so many times condemned as a crime against humanity. 102. Together with the most inhuman repressive measures, the attempt to divide the country into so- called bantustans is further proof of the true inten- tions of the Pretoria regime. To protect and maintain the apartheid system within the country, the leaders of that regime are stepping up their manoeuvres and aggressive policies against neighbouring States. It is 106. In view of South Africa's strategic location insofar as NATO is concerned, and the economic importance of that country to some 2,000 transna- tional corporations, the Western Powers have issued hollow condemnations of the apartheid regime, while actively supporting the oppressors of the black South African people and defending the interests of the exploiters. At a time when they are widely proclaiming their so-called defence of human rights, the imperi- alists and international reactionaries are encouraging and supporting Botha's racist regime in its brutal implementation of the policy of apartheid, with all its painful consequences to the non-white population of that country, as well as in the armed attacks and subversive activities perpetrated against the front-line States. 107. It is specifically because of this co-operation and complicity that to date the Security Council has 109. The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, faithful to its unswerving policy of solidarity with peoples struggling to achieve their sacred national rights and the exercise of their right to self-determination and independence, unreservedly supports the patriotic struggle waged by the peoples of South Africa and Namibia under the leadership of ANC and SWAPO against the apartheid colonialist regime of South Africa for the attainment of their independence, free- dom and dignity. We join with the international com- munity in severely condemning the Pretoria regime for the inhuman crimes it has committed against the peoples of southern Africa. The recent overwhelming victory won by the people of Zimbabwe and the vic- tories of the South African and Namibian peoples cannot be disassociated from the valuable support provided by the front-line States. We wish to pay them a well deserved tribute, and we consider that they have every right to receive from the international community whatever aid is required for them to con- solidate their defence capabilities in the face of the aggressive nature of the apartheid regime and to be compensated, if only for some of the sacrifices which they have so nobly made in supporting the national liberation movements in the region. . "--------- - -- - ---- --- --- - 110. In view of the current situation in South Africa, my delegation considers that the United Nations must, as a matter of urgency. broaden the range of its political, economic and diplomatic action against the promotors of the policy of apartheid by resorting to all the relevant measures provided for in the Charter, including those stipulated in Chapter VII. The Gen- eral Assembly must strongly reaffirm its condemna- tion of the Pretoria regime and its supporters, and reaffirm the legitimacy of the struggle waged by the South African people by every means at its disposal, including armed struggle, to put an end to the apart- heid regime and enable the South African people as a

The early independence of the Namibian people, the speedy liberation of the Azanian people and the total elimination of the remnants of colonia- lism, racism and the policies of apartheid in southern Africa-these are the most important and urgent tasks facing the African countries and peoples, as well as issues of deep concern to the people of all countries. Therefore, it is significant that at the current session the General Assembly should consider once again the issue of the policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa. 114. The historic victory won by the Zimbabwean people marks a turning point of far-reaching signifi· cance in the process of the African people's struggle to uproot colonialist and racist rule in southern Africa. Inspired by the victory of the Zimbabwean people, the Azanian people have made new and gratifying progress in their struggle against racist rule since the beginning of this year. The national liberation move- ments have notably stepped up their armed struggles. Mass movements are mounting, with workers goinS on strike and students boycotting classes all over ,~he country. The boycott launched by secondary and pri- mary school students in the middle of last April in protest against apartheid in education lasted over three months and involved more than lOO,OOO'PLJP,ls .at its peak. It won the sympathy and support of pe~ple of all strata .icludlng some white inhabitants. Mean- while, the • amibian ipeople's armed~l)d PQlitical struggles have made new progress. The :Azanian'and Namibian people's valiant struggles have dealt telling blows at the South African racist forces. 115. Although the South African racist regie" has landed itself in unprecedented isolation, it 'is still making desperate efforts to maintain its criminal racist rule. It increases military spending, strenght.. ens its military apparatus and steps up repression. South Africa's military budget in the fiscal year 1980· W~.,e' ;""opted.. A growing number of States are in favour of taking necessary measures of sanctions against South Africa. Over the past year, the Special Committee against Apartheid has done useful work in mobilizing the support of the international com- munity and the world public for the Azanian people's just -struggle against the apartheid policies and racist rule of the South African regime. It has also offered many positive recommendations and ideas as to what measures the United Nations should adopt in this respect. .1'7. The Chinese Government and people has con- sistently given firm support to the Azanian and Namibian peoples in their just struggle for national liberation and independence and have strongly con- demned the South African racist authorities for their policies of apartheid and racial discrimination and their iIIe~al occupation of Namibia. The Chinese Government remains firm in its principled stand of having no diplomatic, political or economic relations with; the South African racist regime. We hold that, aparrfrom strongly condemning once again the policies of apartheid pursued by South Africa, the Assembly at this session should give favourable consideration to the'legitimate demands and views of African coun- tries 'and therecommendations made by the Special Committee against Apartheid by strengthening the arms embargo against the South African racist regime and adopting effective measures of sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter. 118. We are deeply convinced that under the lead- ership of their own liberation movements and with

Once again the Gen- eral Assembly is considering the question of the policies and practices of apartheid, a system of man's inhumanity to his fellow men, which constitutes the fabric of South African society. South Africa con- tinues shamelessly to have the distinction of being the only country in the world where day in and day out a clique of fanatics in power expends a lot of energy and resources to entrench and perpetuate an evil system, sanctioned by Draconian laws, whose predecessor was the much-hated nazism of the Hitler era. 120. Under the dynamic leadership of my good friend and colleague, Ambassador Clark of Nigeria, the Special Committee against Apartheid has been relentless in its campaign against the scourge ofapart- heid in South Africa. With ever-increasing effective- ness, the Special Committee has spearheaded efforts for, the international mobilization against apartheid and has exposed the various schemes and maneeuvres of the Pretoria regime to whitewash, rather than scrap, this abomination. 121. I take this opportunity to commend the Chair- man and members of the Special Committee against Apartheid for the important work they .are doing. Indeed, I pay a tribute to Ambassador Clark for his wise and dedicated leadership of the Special Com- mittee which certainly testifies to the commitment of his own great country, Nigeria, to the total liberation of Africa, which was reaffirmed only a few weeks ago before the General Assembly in a moving address by President Shagari at the 24th meeting. 122. The report of the Special Committee against Apartheid to the current session of the General As- sembly, so ably introduced the other day by Ambas- sador Clark, provides most useful information on the many and imaginative initiatives of the Special Com- mittee designed to wipe out apartheid. 123. Today more than ever before there is a need to intensify and make universal the struggle against apartheid. As in the case of nazism, all men of con- science and all respectable and principled Govern- ments the world over should rally together in the crusade to obliterate once and forall the scourge of apartheid and secure the inalienable rights of the peo- ple of South Africa. It is totally unacceptable that the black majority of South Africa should continue to languish under these harsh conditions of the apartheid system of their country, and certaintly aloofness on the part of the international community would be inexplicable and indefensible. 124. The white racist minority regime of South Africa has not learnt a lesson from the demise of the Smith regime in Southern Rhodesia and the acces- sion of Zimbabwe to independence last April. On the contrary; the immediate effect of the victory of the people of Zimbabwe has been for the Pretoria regime 138. Zambia has strongly deprecated the continuing sports links between some Western countries and South Africa. Pending the conclusion of the conven- tion, we urge all States to act in accordance with the letter and spirit of the .International Declaration against Apartheid in Sports adopted by the General Assembly in resolution 32/105 M of 1977. The culprits must continue to be exposed and condemned. 139. We in Zambia know what it means to be a neighbour of a country under white racist minority rule. We fully understand the peculiar geographical positions .of Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana, Zim- babwe .and Mozambique, and we are acutely aware of the hardships that their people are exposed to by virtue of their closeness to the den of evil in southern Africa. In our view, streng:hening the independence of those countries is part and parcel of· the struggle for' the eradication of apartheid. We. therefore call upon the international community to increase its pro- grammes of economic assistance to those countries to enable them to cope with the influx of refugees from South Africa into their territories. 140. I cannot conclude my statement without paying a tribute to ANC and the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania for continuing to spearhead the struggle o( the oppressed people of South Africa against apartheid and for justice in their country. The liberation move- ments of South Africa have Zambia's admiration and 145. The people of South Africa have clearly shown that time is running out for discrimination and exploi- tation. It has chosen the path of a just and legitimate struggle for liberation and for the achievement of its just aspirations. Evidence of that was given in the recent popular upsurge in which students and workers led strikes. and demonstrations, which shook the re- gime to its roots after the majority expressed a unified rejection and defiance of the police dogs and guns of the regime. 146. National liberation movements, such as ANC have chosen the road of armed struggle, following the massacres of Sharpeville and Soweto, as their only means of achieving the legitimate national rights of the majority black peoples in South Africa, after the unsuccessful attempts at negotiations. 147. The delegation of my country supports the legi- timate and just struggle of the people of South Africa and calls upon the international community to in- crease aid and assistance for the national liberation movements in South Africa until they achieve their national rights. Mr. Kamanda wa Kamanda (Zaire), Vice-Presi- dent, took the Chair. 148. After this popular uprising the Pretoria regime began to lose its nerve and attempted to give the inter- 151. The compulsory displacement of African po- pulations from their homes against their will led to their being grouped with the so-called Coloureds and Indians. Matters did not end there, but went further to include the adoption of atrocious acts and laws, such as the degrading labour laws concerning black trade unions designed to exert further control over them by the regime. The Pretoria regime has drawn up a plan to group the black population, which con- stitutes 80 per cent of the population of South Africa in 10 baatustans occupying 15 per cent of the whole territory on very poor land in terms of natural re- sources, with the .remaining all white 20 per cent enjoying the rest of the territory, which includes most of the country's wealth and the major industrial centres. 152. Within this framework the South African Gov- ernment has sought to create a representative council for the coloured and Indians within the Parliament of Pretoria. In the pursuit of this policy, the Government granted sham independence to the region of Venda through the application of the devilish bantustan sys- tem against the people of Azania, who had denounced that system. That shows that the Government of South Africa had come to the conclusion that the only place for the black man was the field and the kitchen, and that socially and politically the blacks lay outside the scope of the rights and privileges granted to and enjoyed by the white man. Legally speaking, they live in a confused area between law and arbitrary will of the masters. 153. The delegation of my country condemns and denounces the rejection by the Pretoria racist regime (If the settlement proposal contained in Security Council resolution 435 (1978) concerning the organi- zation of a peace and independence process for Na- 159. We believe that putting an end to all new foreign investments in South Africa and to loans, which up 160. My country's delegation, like others, places full responsibility for this serious situation and its grave consequences on the shoulders of those Wes- tern countries that still deal with the South African regime and co-operate closely with it in the nuclear, economic and political fields. We call upon them to abide,by the General Assembly resolutions calling for an economic, nuclear and trade embargo against South Africa, Security Council resolution 418(1977) concerning the imposition of an armsembargo against South ·Mrica and General Assembly resolution 331 183 E of 1979 on an oil embargo against South Africa. 161. .We support the report ofthe Ad Hoc Committee on the .Drafting of an International Convention against Apartheid in Sports, and we once .more call upon the countries that still have diplomatic relations with South Africa to; comply with General Assembly reso- lution 1761 (XVII).

Outstanding spokes- men for the disenfranchised majority in South Africa have. over the years, made it amply clear that the m~ority: for whom they. speak. will never be satisfied with anything less thanfull democratic rights. Their legitimate demands will never fade away in South Africa orin the Organization until the South African Authorities heed their call. 163~ The independence of Zimbabwe offers new opportunities for peaceful change for the' remaining minority~ruled 'countries and territories in southern Africa•..It isimportant that these opportunities are seized while there is still time. 164. The Norwegian Government believes that, as a matter of priority, the South African.authorities must take urgent stepsto reopen channels of communica- tion with,the leaders of·the m~ority in SouthAfrica. No peacefUl resolution of the present contradictions in ,South African· society can be envisaged without discussions among all groups.. 165. Once agai~ I wish to appeal to.the South Afri- can authorities to release Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners. Their continued detention and imprisOnment,serve only to demonstrate insensitivity tolesitimate humanitarian concerns and to' the fun- damental pririciplesof anY participatory ,political process. The release of political prisoners ought to be followed by. a national convention of all races. This is an old idea which still offers a new beginning for South Africa. 166. We realize that a reversal of existing policies in South Africa will .be difficult, yet we believe a process of orderly political change will be less pain- ful that continuance of the status quo based on sup- pression and discrimination, the effect of which is increasing violence and suffering. 169. We are deeply disturbed by .South Africa's growing capacity in the nuclear field without adequate international safeguards. Concerted international action is needed to stop this development. 170. Norway welcomed the mandatory arms embargo adopted by the Security Council in 1977, although we, together with most Member States, had strictly implemented a voluntary embargo since 1963. Norway would welcome a strengthening ofthe existing arms embargo in line with Security Council resolu- tion 473 (1980). 171. Norway believes that further international collective action against South Africa may become necessary in the future unless the present situation changes. Yet we all know that this course of action is delicate. The Charter was not written in order to make such measures easily adoptable. The political circumstances both inside and outside South Africa must at all times be given due consideration. Never- theless it should be pointed out that the world com- munity will not wait indefinitely for South Africa to make up its mind about when to take the first step to abolish apartheid' in South Africa and when to agree to a process offree and fair elections in Namibia under United Nations supervision and control. 172. .On the regional level Norway, together with the other Nordic countries, has sought to contribute towards the abolition of apartheid in South Africa. Our joint Nordic co-operation in these matters, both on the regional level and at the United Nations, con- tinues. 173. Norway, for its part, will continue to contribute to increased international pressure on South Africa in pursuance of our policy of disengagement from South Africa. So far this policy has included such things as: no further currency licences, in order to prevent Norwegian investments in South Africa; withdrawal of State-supported guarantees for Norwe- gian exports to South Africa; no promotion of Norwe- gian exports to South Africa; steps to ensure that oil produced on the Norwegian continental shelf is not exported to South Africa; a decision by the Norwegian Government not to co-operate with South Africa in the nuclear field; visa requirements for South African citizens; discouragement of sports contacts with South Africa; humanitarian assistance to refugees, including direct humanitarian assistance to the natio- nalliberation movement of South Africa; and, finally, economic assistance to the front-line States. ~ith~~~ld:~ l~p~lati~~, with its neighbours and with 180. The intemational community has repeatedly t e g '. I denounced and condemned the policies and practices 175. Mr. AL-JABER (Qatar) (interpretation from of the South African regime. Nevertheless, that re- Arabic): I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to gime has continued to perpetrate its crimes, thus express on behalf of the delegation of Qatar apprecia- making it imperative that the intemational community tion and gratitude to Mr. Clark, the Chairman of the adopt a complete system of boycott and sanctions Special Committee against Apartheid, and to the against South Africa. The intemational community members of that Committee for the important reports should also increase its support for the struggle of the it has submitted to the General Assembly. We also national liberation movement of the people of South express our appreciation to the Secretary-General Africa and make available to it all means for the con- and to the members of the Ad Hoc Committee on the duct of its legitimate armed struggle. Drafting of an Intemational Convention against . . . Apartheid in Sports for the information contained in 181. Th~ c~lIaboratlon of.certam.Westem cou~tn~s their comprehensive reports. and multinational corporations With the Pretona re- . " . ., gime through trade, investments, nuclear technology, 176" This year t~e mte~atlonal commun!ty I~ cele- oil sales and the violation of the arms embargc im- bratm~ the twentieth ~nmversary of the historic ~- posed by the United Nations has as its aim the con- claratl~n on the Granting o~ Independence to Colonial solidation of the military; political and economic C?u!1tnes and Pe~~les. Whde th~ peoples of the world machinery of that regime and enables it not only to rejoice at t.he achlevemen~ of independence by the perpetuate its racist policy and its brutal atrocities people Of Zlm~a~,,:e following many years of struggle against the majority of the people of South Africa but and sacnfice~ It IS indeed ~a~ to not~ that th~ peoples also to continue its flagrant acts of aggression against of South Afnca and Naml~la are still suffering,under independent African countries, thus posing a grave the y~ke ~f th~ most atrocious form of occupatl~n by threat to intemational peace and security. a racist minority ever known and from the policy of apartheid, 182. My delegation commends the Special Com- 177. The international community is currently at a mittee against Aparthe,id for theintemational conte- crucial stage with regard to the apartheid regime in r~nces an~ seminars It has ~pons?red and emph~- South Africa, In its report the Special Committee SIZ~~ the ImP'?rta~ce o~ ~nhg~tenmg world pU~bc against Apartheid indicates that South Africa is cur- opunon ~o that It \\'111 partl~.pate m .~he st~~l~ ag,~~,!l,~t rently at a crossroads. It can either end all repression aparth~ld ~n~ to exe~ pres~ur~ 0!I Govemm~nts a!1d and persecution or turn to an intensification and other mstltutl?ns ~hlch stdl. mSI~t.on deabng With expansion of the sources of tension. The internatio- and collaborating With the racist regime. n~1 community should use e~erY'possible !Deans,a~ its 183. My delegation welcomes the Intemational Con- disposal to. prevent the racist S,?uth Afncan regime ference on Sanctions against South Africa to be orga- from choosing the path of escalation. nized by the United Nations, in co-operation with the 178. The report of the Committee indicates that OA'!. We,also c~mme!ld ~h~ ert:orts of other,bodies South Africa is undergoing a phase of military build- dealing ,wl~h ~aclal, dlscnmmat~on, l!partheld a!,d up and aggressive preparations which show that that decolo!'lzatlon ,m their coll~boratlon wlt.h the Specl~1 racist regime is determined to perpetuate its aggres- Co~mlttee against Aparthel~. I should like to refer m sive policy, which, if continued, will undoubtedly partlc';llar, to the. International Non-G~vernme!'tal threaten the region and the whole world with a very Orgamzatl~ns Action Conference for Sanctions against grave catastrophe. This is further borne out by the South Afnca held at Geneva from 30 June to 3 July attempts by that regime to develop and acquire nu- 1980. clear weapons. 179. The delegation of my country wishes to express its grave concern at the fact that those aggressive military preparations in South Africa are taking place in the midst of an embargo on arms shipments to South Africa, despite Security Council resolutions 418 (1977) and 473 (1980). Accordingly, we fully support the recommendations of the Special Committee against Apartheid and call upon the General Assem- bly to respect them. We refer in particular to the following recommendations: to urge the Security Council to impose comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter and take steps towards effective moni- toring of such sanctions; to reaffirm that any collabo- ration with the racist regime of South Africa consti- tutes a hostile act against the oppressed people of 184. The racist regime in South Africa resorts to all manner of means in its attempt to consolidate the apartheid regime and maintain its political and econ- omic domination of the people of South Africa and barbaric exploitation of their wealth and resources, thereby serving the interests of the racist minority and multinational corporations. It is therefore essen- tial again to stress the illegal and illegitimate nature of the South African regime and the right of the people of South Africa to liberate itself and to achieve self-determination and to control its own resources. It is essential that recognition be accorded to ANC in its role as the sole legitimate representative of the South African people, the sole means of over- throwing the apartheid regime and the true voice of the legitimate aspirations of the people of South Africa. 186. My delegation vehemently condemns the brutal assassination of some students in detention and strongly denounces the arrest of Nelson Mandela, the death sentence imposed upon the militant James Mange and the brutal treatment suffered by other political detainees struggling against the apartheid regime.,. 187. My delegation also wishes to express its grave concern regarding the increasing collaboration 'be- tween the Zionist racist regime and the racist regime in South Africain the fiel- of nuclear technology and other areas, as indicated ID the relevant special report of the Special Committee against Apartheid. Such grave collaboration between two racist regimes which isa defiance of international will, particularly in.. the nuclear field, constitutes a serious threat not only to Africa and the Middle East.but to the entire world. 188. History in this huge continent of Africa does not retrogress. The African peoples in the course of the past two decades have written some heroic pages in their struggle for liberty and independence. They have achieved their freedom and independence through"bitter struggle and' sacrifice. The triumph of the people of Zimbabwe has marked yet another vic- tory in the march of the peoples of Namibia and South Africa towards their triumph over the apartheid system and their inevitable achievement of indepen- dence and liberty.

In the year under review, the situation resulting from the policy' of apartheid in South Africa and in southern Africa as a whole has remained as serious as ever. Tensions inside and' outside that country have continued to 'increase and the perils implicit in a prolongation of that state of affairs have reached an alarming stage. Fundamental human rights and freedoms are still denied to the largest part of, South Africa's popula- tion. Forced transfers.tevietions and increased con- trol of'the population by the police add to the frustra- tion'of more and more strata of South African society and augment the number of those in all ethnic groups who are convinced of the injustice and untenability of the system of apartheid and voice their concern. The ongoing discussion in South Africa' itself has led to some corrections and improvements, but never- theless the basic concept of the inhuman system of apartheid, on which the precarious supremacy of a minority is based, remains unchanged. 202. The Albanian people, as in the past, will strong- ly support the just struggle of the Azanian and Nami- bian peoples for the realization of their national aspi- rations.

This year our debate on the apartheid policy of the racist South African regime has taken on a new aspect. This year we can say unequivocally that the victory of the heroic people of Zimbabwe has struck a hard blow against the colonial system of southern Africa, of which apartheid is the most bar- barous expression. The struggle of the brave African, people against racist colonialism has triumphed in Zimbabwe; it has entered a final and crucial stage in Namibia and, in the very bowels of the monster, it is entering a decisive phase which is characterized by the intensification of the political and armed strug- gles within South Africa. 204. The people and the Sandinist Government of Nicaragua, which triumphed in their own war of libe- 210. Nicaragua recognizes' that, while the funda- men~1 burden of the struggle for the destruction of the heinous system of apartheid falls to the South African people, the, international community is not exempt from obligations, particularly as regards the struggle to stem the activities of foreign interests which hinder the efforts to eliminate racial discrimi- . nation. 211. In this connexion, Nicaragua would recall the declaration issued by the Sixth Conference of Heads regime's determination to maintain its system of racial discrimination. The situation in South Africa is one of continuing crisis in which the racist regime is at war with all opponents of apartheid. 218. In addition, we continue to see the pattern of aggression by South Africa against neighbouring African States-in particuler, against Angola-and active involvement in subversion against the legitimate Governments of neighbouring States. South Africa, therefore, continues to be a major threat to peace on the continent of Africa, and the situation justifies the continued serious sttention of the world community and demands urgent action to bring an end to the problem of South Africa. The international commu- nity must first of all reject the so-called reforms- a term used by South African propaganda to mislead world opinion. The true intentions of the racist lead- ers of South Africa are already only too well known for .anyone to be misled by such deception. South Africa is not interested in peaceful change; it is deter- mined to preserve white domination and black en- slavement. 219. For a long time now, it has been widely recog- ized that the most effective means of dealing with the problem of South Africa lies in a two-fold strategy: first, States must end all collaboration with the racist regime and terminate all contacts, particularly in the military and economic fields. Collaboration in these areas has only served to strengthen the foundations of apartheid and allowed the system not only to remain in existence but to succeed and flourish. The campaign for the isolation of South Africa has been undermined by the activities of States which have continued to maintain economic and other relations with South Africa. The South African economy has been strengthened by the continued flow of foreign investment and by its participation in international trade. Nuclear co-operation with some States has brought South Africa to the threshold of becoming a nuclear Power. Contacts in other areas such as sports illegal raciF:·: ~ime of Pretoria is pursuing policies and practice, ulIore odious than any previously known to mankind against the people of South Africa; poli- tical arrests, massacres, the denial of human rights, the torture of innocent people and other forms of punishment in an attempt to reinforce the apartheid- based regime are daily features of life under the racist regime of South Africa. 228. The peoples of South Africa and Namibia, like the Arab people of Palestine, are living in conditions of exploitation by a gang of racists who have taken power in order to exploit the wealth and break, the willof those peoples and to strip them of their inalien- able national right to self-determination, indepen- dence and sovereignty over their territory. 229. The apartheid regime is only one by-product of the policy of colonialization that is used to increase plunder and exploitation for the benefit of the racist minority and world imperialism. It is not surprising to find that in spite of the fact that the resolutions of the General Assembly reaffirm that any co-operation or collaboration with the racist regime in South Africa and with apartheid institutions is a violation of the principles and purposes of the United Nations, cer- tain imperialist States represented here pretend to be interested in bringing about the independence of the peoples of South Africa. And it is these very people

It is one of the ironies of our time that some 35 years after its creation the United Nations is still grappling with the seemingly intractable problem of the racial practice and policies of the regime in Pretoria; for it should be remembered that almost from its very inception the United Nations had to grapple with this problem in the form of the treatment of people of Indian descent by the Govern- ment of South Africa. That was some 35 years ago. Today the problem, if anything, has been exacerbated both in its enormity and ugliness, for apartheid surely represents the greatest blot on the human conscience and essence. The struggle against apartheid is not a parochial cause, nor should it be only an African cause; it should be a universal cause, for it is the struggle to vindicate the essence of our common humanity, regardless of pigmentation. 234. One of the fundamental purposes of the Char- ter of the United Nations is respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. But the policy and prac- tice ofapartheid is a total negation of the fundamental human rights and freedoms of the majority of the citizens of South Africa. 235. As the President of Sierra Leone said when he addressed the Assembly last month, in his capacity as Chairman of the OAU Assembly, apartheid re- presents "an entrenched system of national oppres- sion, institutionalized racial discrimination and Fas- cist terror against the black majority of the people" and should be eradicated [8th meeting, para. 51]. 236. But notwithstanding this unequivocal and prin- cipled position stated by my President, the Permanent Mission of South Africa, in a press release issued yesterday, mendaciously claimed that: "President Stevens of Sierra Leone had said he would do everything in his power to effect a break- through in relations with South Africa. The Prime Minister, Mr. P. W: Botha, said in Pretoria that he welcomed the suggestion by the OAU Chairman that dialogue should take place between South Africa and the OAU. "The report stated that President Stevens had said in London that he had sent a letter''-I repeat, a letter-"to Mr. Botha in which he said that dia- logue was better than confrontation and that he" -meaning Or, Stevens-"as Chairman of the OAU, would do everything in his power to ensure stabi- lity in Africa." 242. At the same time, the archdeacon of the re- gime, Mr. Botha, has embarked on a cunning but shallow and frantic propaganda offensive designed to hoodwink international public opinion and mollify the guiltv conscience of his collaborators in the West, to the effect that everything possible is being done to create a new and just system for the entire popula- tion. But nothing could be further from the truth, as with every passing day the regime enhances its ability to repress the majority of its citizens, which has led to the mass exodus of those citizens to neighbouring territories, thereby placing considerable stress and strain on the social and economic resources of those countries. 1 should like to recall that in other situa- tions, this has proved the spark which has ignited armed conflict between States, 243. Futhermore, the regime has shamelessly un- leashed its own arsenal against defenceless citizens who dare to .oppose the barbarity of the regime and its untenable character. The Security Council, in paragraph 1ofits resolution 473(1980) of 13 June J980. strongly condemned the racist regime of South Africa for "its massive repression against all opponents of apartheid, for killings of peaceful demonstrators and political detainees". 244. The Council also determined that the policy Cif apartheid seriously disturbs international peace and security. We submit that it is a thin line between a 249. We should therefore like to thank the Chairman of the Special Committee, Ambassador Clark of Nigeria, and the other members of the Committee, for their sustained and unrelenting pursuit of the era- dication of the evil that is apartheid. The meeting rose at 7 p.m.