A/37/PV.79 General Assembly

I have the to speak on behalf of the 10 member States Europeari Community. 11. The conflict in Afghanistan continues matter of profound concern to the 10 membe of the European Community and, indeed, to sembly. How many times will the Assembly occupy itself with this flagrant breach by a M State of its obligations under the United Charter? It is particularly shocking that the p a developing and non-aligned country should c to be the victims of such an act of force.

I have the honour to speak on behalf of the 10 member States of the Europeari Community. 11. The contlict in Afghanistan continues to be a matter of profound concern to the 10 member States of the European Community and, indeed, to the As- sembly. How many times will the Assembly have to occupy itself with this flagrant breach by a Member State of its obligations under the United Nations Charter? It is particularly shocking that the people of a developing and non-aligned country should continue to be the victims of such an act of force. 12. Another year has passed without sub progress towards a peaceful political soluti 13tt9 A/3 12. Another year has passed without substantive progress towards a peaceful political solution that 13. The conflict in Afghanistan remains vividly be- fore the international community. This was reflected, inter alia, in the European Parliament's initiative in declaring 21 March 1982 Afghanistan Day. On that day, demonstrations of solidarity with the plight of the Afghan people were held in Europe and elsewhere. 14. The large-scale military intervention by the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and its three years of continuing occupation are clear tes'dmony to the willingness of the Soviet Union to pursue its aims by the use of its massive military potential. This places an in- creasingly severe burd~n on neighbouring States and presents an ever-present threat to the stability of the region and, indeed, a constant danger to international peace and security. Moreover, the nature of suc~ a military presence, coupled with the force and duratIOn of the Afghan resistance, clearly demonstrates the futility of the arguments which were put forward by the occupying Power in order to justify the whole operation. 15. More than 20 per cent of the Afghan population have had to flee their home country. This exodus continues, and tens of thousands of additional refu- gees are reaching the camps in neighbouring countries each month. Pakistan alone has more than 2,500,000 Afghan refugees, the largest concentration of refu¥ees anywhere in the world. The Ten are deeply conscIous of the great burden that this places on the host coun- tries. The European Community and its member States have been making a significant contribution to the inter- national relief effort, and we wiII continue to do so as long as this need persists. On a separate matter, the Ten hope that, in recognition of the humanitarian nature of its activities, the International Committee of the Red Cross will soon be able to resume its mission in Afghan;o:;tan. 19. The Ten once again draw attention to the European Council's proposal of 30 June 1981 for a comprehensive political settlement of the confli~t.l We continue to believe that only a settlement which is ultimately endorsed by the Afghan people and which takes fully into account their fundamental right to self-determination will be able to bring lasting peace and stability to the area. The European Coun- cil's proposal seeks '~0 bring about the cessatiQ.n of external intervention and the establishment of safeguards to prevent such interventions in the future, and it takes into fuH account the legitimate interests of the countries of the area. Thp. Ten maintain their proposal and their readiness to enter into discussions about it. 20. The General Assembly owes it to the suffering people of Afghanistan to show that its support for their rights continues as strongly as ever. It can do this by continuing to keep their plight closely before it, by rejecting the attempt to impose a fait accompli and by demonstrating in its vote the desire to seek a genuine political solution. The Ten urge the members of the General Assembly once again to demonstrate clearly that this is their steadfast position and that it enjoys overwhelming support. 15. More than 20 per cent of the Afghan population have had to flee their home country. This exodus continues, and tens of thousands of additional refu- gees are reaching the camps in neighbouring countries each month. Pakistan alone has more than 2,500,000 Afghan refugees, the largest concentration of refugees anywhere in the world. The Ten are deeply conscious of the great burden that this places on the host coun- tries. The European Community and its member States have been making a significant contribution to the inter- national relief effort, and we will continue to do so as long as this need persists. On a separate matter, the Ten hope that, in recognition of the humanitarian nature of its activities, the International Committee of the Red Cross will soon be able to resume its mission in Afghani<:;tan. 16. What the refugees want is to be abie to go home. Before they can do so, there must be a genuine political solution e~labling Afghanistan to return to its tradit:uilal independ(;:nt and non-aligned status, free from external interference and with the Afghan people having full capacity to exercise their right to self- determination. This requires, ab~Jve all, the immediate witt.drawal of forf;ign troops from Afghanistan. The principle~which must govern the search for this solu- tion and which would enable the Afghan refugees to return to their homes in full security and dignity have been clearly laid down by the Assembly. It is a matter for our deepest regret that the Soviet Union remains unwilling, as yet, to accept a solution in 16. What the refugees want is to be abie to go home. Before they can do so, there must be a genuine political solution e~labling Afghanistan to return to its tradit:~nal independ(:nt and non-aligned status, free from external interference and with the Afghan people having full capacity to exercise their right to self- determination. This requires, ab,we all, the immediate witt.drawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan. The principle& which must govern the search for this solu- tion and which would enable the Afghan refugees to return to their homes in full security and dignity have been clearly laid down by the Assembly. It is a matter for our deepest regret that the Soviet Union remains unwilling, as yet, to accept a solution in a~cordance with those principles, even though they have been endorsed by '16 States Members of the United Nations. The Ten cannot accept the attempt to impose a regime by force on the people of Afghanistan. 17. In seeking a political solution, the Ten have continued to give their support and encouragement to the initiatives of the Organization of the Islamic Conference. We have welcomed, too, the efforts made by the Movem~ntof Non-Aligned Countries. We gave our full support to Genernl Assembly resolution 35/37, a~cordance with those l'rinciplc§, even though they have been endorsed by '16 States Members of the United Nations. The Ten cannot accept the attempt to impose a regime by force on the people of Afghanistan. 17. In seeking a political solution, the Ten have continued to give their support and encouragement to the initiatives of the Organization of the Islamic Conference. We have welcomed, too, the efforts made by the Movem~nt of Non-Aligned Countries. We gave our full support to Gener::ll Assembly resolution 35/37, 19. The Ten once again draw attention European Council's proposal of 30 June 198 comprehensive political settlement of the co We continue to believe that only a settlemen is ultimately endorsed by the Afghan peop which takes fully into account their funda right to self-determination will be able to bring peace and stability to the ar~a. The European cil's proposal seeks f~9 brmg about the ce of external intervention and the establishm safeguards to prevent such interventions in the and it takes into fuH account the legitimate i of the countries of the area. Th~ Ten mainta proposal and their readiness to enter into disc about it. 20. The General Assembly owes it to the s people of Afghanistan to show that its supp their rights continues as strongly as ever. It this by continuing to keep their plight closely it, by rejecting the attempt to impose a fait a and by demonstrating in its vote the desire to genuine political solution. The Ten urge the m of the General Assembly once again to demo clearly that this is their steadfast position and enjoys overwhelming support.

The pur meeting here today is both clear and urgent. uphold the right of the Afghan people to Afghanistan's sovereignty and national indepe 22. It is nearly three years since the Sovie intervened against an unaligned and unof neighbour> in breach of ~its obligation~ un United Nations Charter. But still the war goes Soviet Union is no nearer victory than it wa start. On the contrary, after three years the adventure in Afghanistan has been a failure. T ple of that traditional country remain hostile intervention. The leaders of the regime that h installed in KCibul enjoy no confidence amol own people. What was meant to be a clear strii;:.e has turned septic.

The purpose in meeting here today is both clear and urgent. It is te uphold the right of the Afghan people to rr .,tore Afghanistan's sovereignty and national independence. 22. It is nearly three years since the Soviet Union intervened against an unaligned and unoffending neighbour> in breach of 'its obligations under the United Nations Charter. But still the war goes on. The Soviet Union is no nearer victory than it was at the start. On the contrary, after three years the Soviet adventure in Afghanistan has been a failure. The peo- ple of that traditional country remain hostile to the intervention. The leaders of the regime that has been installed in KCibul enjoy no confidence among their own people. What was meant to be a clear surgical 24. There is another dimension to aB of this. The' Soviet ifivasion of Afghanistan three yeals ago was the turning-point on a road which also led to Poland. It had a shattering effect on the comfortable view that Soviet actions could be explained away as defensive measures or measures designed to take advantage of events that might have happened anyway. Afghanistan broke this mould. It was the first time that the Soviet Union had deployed its own armed forces directly against the people of a developing, non-aligned country. 24. There is another dimension to aB of this. The' Soviet invasion of Afghanistan three yeals ago was the turning-point on a road which also led to Poland. It had a shattering effect on the comfortable view that Soviet actions could be explained away as defensive measures or measures designed to take advantage of events that might have happened anyway. Afghanistan broke this mould. It was the first time that the Soviet Union had deployed its own armed forces directly against the people of a developing, non-aligned country. 25. The impact is now part of recent history. Af- ghanistan has severely aggravated tensions between East and West. It provoked a fundamental reassess- ment of the policies and intentions of the Soviet Government, including in the vital area ofarms control. The Soviet invasion ended a period of widespread optimism about the course of international relations, and it has interrupted and seriously eroded the basis for detente. 25. The impact is now part of recent history. Af- ghanistan has severely aggravated tensions between East and West. It provoked a fundamental reassess- ment of the policies and intentions of the Soviet Government, including in the vital area ofarms control. The Soviet invasion ended a period of widespread optimism about the course of international relations, and it has interrupted and seriously eroded the basis for detente. 26. The conflict in Afghanistan is thus a matter of profound concern. It has deepened anxieties and exacerbated \tensions throughout the vital region of South-West Asia. It has cast a shadow over the broader prospects for global stability and world peace. 26. The conflict in Afghanistan is thns a matter of profound concern. It has deepened anxieties and exacerbated \tensions throughout the vital region of South-West Asia. It has cast a shadow over the broader prospects for global stability and world peace. 27. Yet the Soviet Union has turned a deaf ear to the many demands and appeals for its wit.hdrawal. If anything, it a.ppears te be stepping up its inter- vention in Afghanistan. Its military activities have been directly responsible for driving nearly 3 million Afghans across the borders into Pakistan and Iran, thereby turning one fifth of the Afghan populatiorl into refugees. Few perhaps realize that Afghans, not Palestinians, comprise the most numerous body of " Islamic refugees. 27. Yet the Soviet Union has turned a deaf ear to the many demands and appeals for its withdrawal. If anything, it a.ppears to be stepping up its inter- vention in Afghanistan. Its military activities have been directly responsible for driving nearly 3 million Afghans across the borders into Pakistan and Iran, thereby turning one fifth of the Afghan populatiorl into refugees. Few perhaps realize that Afghans, not Palestinians, comprise the most numerous body of " Islamic refugees. 28. In alleviating the plight of these homeless peo- ple, the work of the United Nations High Commis- sioner for Refugees deserves high praise. Australia has supported and will continue to support the work ofthe High Commissioner in this area. But assistance to the refugees 'cannot be more than a temporary expedient. What the refugees want is to go home. And that means that there must be a genuine political solution in Afghanistan. Such a solution can oniy be achieved on the basis of the withdrawal of foreign troops, full respect for the independence, sovereignty and non- 28. In alleviating the plight of these homeless peo- ple, the work of the United Nations High Commis- sioner for Refugees deserves high praise. Australia has supported and will continueto support the work of the High Commissioner in this area. But assistance to the refugees 'cannot be more than a temporary exped.ient. What the refugees want is to go home. And that means that there must be a genuine political solution in Afghanistan. Such a solution can only be achieved on the basis of the withdrawal of foreign troops, full respect for the independence, sovereignty and non- attrition~ but there is no end in sight. The regime itself, which the Soviet Union is trying to defend, has no international cred!\)i1ity and no significant internal support. 35. The immediate prospect, then-a prospect which must be unappealing even to the Soviet Govern- ment-is one of continued impasse. But the Soviet Union need not remain tied to its Afghan bed of nails. 36. In every case, however, the starting-point for any serious negotiations must be recognition that with- drawal of foreign forces is a central objective. This need not lead to the calamity the Soviet Union seems to fear. The Soviet Union could be assured that any Government which emerges in A(ghanistan after its withdrawal would be neqtral and non-aligned ~nd thus not a threat to the Soviet Union's intere",ts. 36. In every case, however, the starting-point for any serious negotiations must be recognition that with- drawal of foreign forces is a central objective. This need not lead to the calamity the Soviet Union seems to fear. The Soviet Union could be assured that any Government which emerges in A(ghanistau after its withdrawal would be neqtral an'" non-aligqed ~md thus not a threat to the Soviet Union's intere",t.s. 37. The present ~s, perhaps, a time of unkiue oppor- tunity. None of us here is unmindful of the fact that there is a new leadership in the Soviet Union. Each olf us would hope that there could be .\ return tu a stabll~ and less acrimonious chapter in intemationai relation- ships. Afghanistan could be a touchsi,one. 37. The present ~s, perhaps, a time of UB\que oppor- tunity. None of us bere is unmindful of the fact that there is a new leadership in the Soviet Union. Each olf us would hope that there could be ,~ return to a stabl(~ and less acrimonious chapter in inte:-nationai relation- ships. Afghanistan could be a touchs(,one. 38. We wo~H urge the Soviet Government to St;~2e this oppo;tunil y. It will find that in any search for a genuine political settlement in Afghanistan~1ts legiti- mate interests can be protected. It will find that if it is prepared to settle for a neutral and non-aligned Afghanistan, subserviet11t to no great Power, more normal relations will again be possible. If; on the other hand, the new Soviet leadership continues to ins~st on an Afghanistan under its domination and run by a regime which most of the Afghan people m~nifestly do not want, then the prospect can only b€~ one of ,cm.' tinuing travail, both in Afghanistan and for interna- tional relationships at large. 38. We WOl?:H urge the Soviet Government to St;~2e this oppo;tunil y. It will find that in any search for a genuine political settlement in Afghanistan~ 1ts legiti- mate interests car. be protected. It will find that if it is prepared to settle for a neutral and non-aligned Afghanistan, subservient to no great Power, more normal relations will again be possible. If; on the other hand, the new Soviet leadership continues to ins~st on an Afghanistan under its domination and run by a regime which most of the Afghan people IT.nmifestly do not want, then the prospect can only be) one of ,cm., tinuing travail, both in Afghanistan anJ for interna- tional relationships at large. 39. It follows from what I have said that Australia will be supporting the draft resolutkm submitted by Pakistan and a nember of other c:untries. We see in this draft resolution, as in its pi'edecessors, the framework for a fair and just settlement in Afghani- stan which takes into account the interests of all, including the interests of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. '- 39. It follows from what I have said that Australia will be supporting the draft resolutkm submitted by Pakistan and a nut!lber of other c.'fJntries. We see in this draft resolution, as in its pi'edecessors, the framework for a fair and just settlement in Afghani- stan which takes into account the interests of all, including the interests of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. "

Year after year and session after ses-:- sion, we gather in this Hall in order to consider the serious situation in Afghanistan since early 1980 and its implications for international peace and secu- rity.

Year after year and session after ses- sion, we gather in this Hall in order to consider the serious situation in Afghanistan since early 1980 and its implications for international peace and secu- rity. 41. The problem of Afghanistan, which we are con- sidering today, is a real example of the serious plight of peopies weakened because of the use of force for the purpose of oppressing small peoples and to serve the national interests and ambitions ofone State to the detriment of another. 41. The problem of Afghanistan, which we are con- sidering today, is a real example of the serious plight of peoples weakened because of the use of force for the purpose of oppressing small peoples and to serve the national interests and ambitions of one State to the detriment of another. ~~ ." ,. .. " 42. Three years have gone by since the invasion began, and the Afghan people continue to suffer under the yoke of the foreign military occupation of their country. What has happened in Afghanistan since the end of 1979 and what continues to take; ,}ace there as weineet here is a flagrant violation of the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter and of the rules of international law. It is also a glaring example of infringement of the sovereignty an~ inde- pendence ofsmall peace-loving counU .~~~, and ofbl~tant intervention in their internal affairs. ~•. " •••• l' 42. Three years have gone by since the invasion began, and the Afghan people continue to suffer under the yoke of the foreign military occupation of their country. What has happened in Afghanistan since the end of 1979 and what continues to take; ,}ace there as weineet here is a flagrant violation of the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter and of the rules of international law. It is also a glaring example of infringement of the sovereignty an~ inde- pendence ofsmall pe&:ce-Ioving counU ~~~, and ofbl~tant intervention in their internal affairs. ~rrogate to themselves the right to interfere in the internal affairs of neighbouring States under the pretext that they do not view with favour the regimes in power in those countries. ~rrogate to themselves the right to interfere in the internal affairs of neighbouring States under the pretext that they do not view with f&vour the regimes in power in those countries. 44. It is surprising that attempts should be made every year to prevent the hiclusion of an item on the question of Afghanistan in the iagenda of the regular session of the General Assembly on the grounds that it is an internal problem which shQuld not be considered by the United Nations. I need not refute such allegatioml, for we all ar~ famm~( with the ~,erious political impH~aticms of the Afghan problem. Th~s question has been discos\::6ed in detail in many staie;i1ents. Furthermore, the negaHve poHtical results ailc" the inhuman 'repercussions of the AfgJlari crisis bear eloquent w~tness to the danger of that situation for intf~matinna~peace and security. 44. It is surprising that attempts should be made every year to prevent the hicJusion of an item on the quef.tion of Afghanistan in the ;agenda of the regular session of the General Assembly on the grounds that it is an internal problem which shQuld not be considered by the United Nations. I need not rethte such allegatiom;, for we all ar~ famm~( with the serious political impHcaticms of the Afghan problem. Th~s question has been discustbed in detail in many staie~i1ents. Furthermore, the negaHve poHtica! results am' the inhuman 'repercussions of the Afghan crisis bear eloquent w~tness to the danger of that situation for int(~matiQna~ peace and security. 45. Despite the po§itiVf~ deve!opment ir, th~ un- relenting efforts of the~ United Nations to bring about a peacefu! settlement of the proble~T!,efforts wh~\Zh hav~e been endorsed by the almost unanimous intf;rr)"t~on;:ll support for resolution5 of the Generl1' Assembly on this question from the f1ixth emergency spedal session to the thirty~sixth regular session, resoJutions th~r. contain the bases for a settlement of the prohlem r and despite the positive d(~velopment'; als..J s:een in Geneva I,mt June, s~me ~~egat.ive e~ements pen.;isl and impede th,~§e efforts, They have mansfested them- selves particulariy in the resort tn the veto t"y the' Soviet Un~on in th~ Security Council in January 1980 ,n ord~r to prevent adoption tOf th'e draft re~olution submitted by the MQvement of NOrlI-Aligm~d Coun~ tries, which called for the immedi&te withJrawai of foreign forces from Afghanistan. 45. Despite th~ PO§itiVf~ deve!opment ir& th~ un- relenting efforts of the: United Nations to bring about a peacefu! settlemen: of the proble.T!, efforts whkh hav~e been eitdorsed by the almost unanimous intf;rr]"t~onfll support for resolutionfi of th~ Gener&~ ~3sembly on this question from the sixth emergency spedal session to the thirty~sixth regular session, resoJutio~s thr..t contain the bases for a settlel1.'lerit of the proi~lemr and despite the p08it~ve d(~veiopmt;nt~ als..J s:een in Geneva 12St June, s~me ~~egat.ive e~~ments pen.;isl and impede tb,~§e efforts, They have mansJested tht;m- selves particularly in the resort tn the veto t·y the' Soviet Un~on in the Security Council in January 1980 ,n ord~r to prevent ado~tion of thre draft re~i)ltltion submitted by the Movement of Non-Align~:d Coun~ tries, which caiJed for the immediete withJrawai of foreign forces from Afghanistan. 46. It is perhap~ because we appredate the plight of the Afghan people, ~heir f~rk>us ~ituati''''!1 ,,:~d the danger which the situation h. Afghctnista' r~..resents for international peace and secur:ty that we feel com- pelled to make further efforts to bring about a politi- cal solution to t~is problem without delay. 46. It is perhap!), because we uppredatc the plight of the Afghan people, their f~rk)us --,ituati.....q i::~d the danger which the situation h. Afghanista' f~..Tesents for international peace and secur:ty that we feel com- peJled to make further efforts to bring about a politi- cal solution to t~is problem without delay. 47. The primary importance which the international community attaches to the Afghan problem stems from three main elements. The first element is a question of principle, which makes it imperative for all States to defend the principles and objectives of the United Nations Charter and international law and~ on that basis, to oppose any foreign military intervention, such as that in Afghani~tan. The second element is an ideological one which stems from the fact that Af- ghanistan belongs to the- Movemen~ of Non-Aligned Countries,. which ma,kes it imperative for all member States of that Mov~mentto stand shoulder to shoulder with Afghanistan until it regains its independence and sovereignty. The third element is a religious one; it stems from the fact that Afghanistan belongs to the Muslim world, and.that makes it imperative for Muslim countries to support Afghanistan in its struggle to terminate foreign mmtary inter"'ention in its territory. 47. The primary importance which the international community attaches to the Afghan problem stems from three main elements. The first element is a question of principle, which makes it imperative for all States to defend the principles and objectives of the United Nations Charter and international law and, on that basis, to oppose any foreign military intervention, such as that in Afghani~tan. The second element is an ideological one which stems from the fact that Af- ghanistan belongs to the- Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, whi~h ma,kes it imperative for all member States of that Mov~mentto stand shoulder to shoulder with Afghanistan until it regains its independence and sovereignty. The third element is a religious one; it s~ems from the fact that Afghanistan belongs to the Muslim world, and,that makes it imperative for Muslim countries to support Afghanistan in its struggle to terminate foreign mmtary inter"'ention in its territory. vioiat~. Operative paragraph 3 opens th~ way to a solu- violat~. Operative paragraph 3 opens tre way to a solu- ~~on of the problem because it calls f1lr the immediate withdrawal of all fo:e:~gr;. troops ff om Afghanistan) t~on of the problem bec30se it calls ff Ir the immediate withdrawal of all fo:e:~gr.. troops ff om Afghanistan) ~.md th:~ i~ the essen1ia~ ccmditiOll f,)f tht; settlement lH::!eded for this problem. Opem~;'~ paragraph 4 defir.e's the means for ardving at an overall ~~~!Jement oftlhe problem \vhich wiQluld etiable the Afghan refuget:s to r.eturn to their homes in safety and honour. The humanitarian aims mentioned in operative para- graph 5 concern the obligation we· all have towards the militant Afghan people. Operative paragraphs 6, 7 and 8 deal with the primary role of the Secretary- General in trying to reach an overall solution to the Afghan problem. It is a role which is particularly appreciated by and has the full support of the inter- national community. In this connection, I must pay tribute to the Secretary-General for his praiseworthy efforts. . 50. Thus, the draft resolution as a whole contains important positive elements; it is characterized by moderation and balance and should certainly win the support of the internaHonal community. 51. Since the emergenc~ of the Afghan problem, Egypt has been among the,first countries to sup- port the struggle of the militant Afghan people and to call for the immediate, total and unconditional withdrawal of all f9reign forces from Afghan territory. We have also asked that the Afghan people be allowed to determine its own future and choose its own system ofgovernment and political and economic system with- out any intervention from outside. 52. In supporting the cause of the fraternal Afghan people, Egypt is inspired by its faith and its commit- ment to the international principles ofnon-inter- ference in the internal affairs of States, of the rigtlt of peoples to liberty, independence and self-determi- nation, and of non-use of force in international rela- tions. This is a position which ret1e~ts Egypt's strict ~}nd th~ i~ the essen1ia~ conditiOll f,)r tht~ settlement ilceded for this problem. Oper;p.~;'~ paragraph 4 defir.e's the means for ardviog at an overall ~~~!Jement oftlhe problem \vhich wou!d etiable the Afghan refuge~s to r.eturn to their homes in safety and honour. The humanitarian aims mentioned in operative para- graph 5 concern the obligation we all have towards the militant Afghan people. Operative paragraphs 6, 7 and 8 deal with the primary role of the Secretary- General in trying to reach an overall solution to the Afghan problem. It is a role which is particularly appreciated by and has the full support of the inter- national community. In this connection, I must pay tribute to the Secretary-General for his praiseworthy efforts. . 50. Thus, the draft resolution as a whole contains important positive elements; it is characterized by moderation and balance and should certainly win the support of the internaHonal community. 51. Since the emergenc~ of the Afghan problem, Egypt has been among the·first countries to sup- port the struggle of the militant Afghan people and to call for the immediate, total and unconditional withdrawal of all fpreign forces from Afghan territory. We have also asked that the Afghan people be allowed to determine its own future and choose its own system ofgovernment and political and economic system with- out any intervention from outside. 52. In supporting the cause of the fraternal Afghan people, Egypt is inspired by its faith and its commit- ment to the international principles of non-inter- ference in the internal affairs of States, of the rigtlt of peoples to liberty, independence and self-determi- nation, and of non-use of force in international rela- tions. This is a position which ret1e~ts Egypt's strict 53. Egypt has reaffirmed its position by supporting all United Nations resolutions on this problem and all resolutions emanating from Ministerial Conferences of the Movement ofNon-;\ '!~ned Countries, which define the posiHon of the non-aligned countries with regard to the problem of Afghanistan. 53. Egypt has reaffirmed its position by supporting aH United Nations resolutions on this problem and all resolutions emanating from Ministerial Conferences of the Movement ofNon-P '!~ned Countries, which define the posiHon of the non-aligned countries with regard to the problem of Afghanistan. 54. Egypt today reiterates its commitment to those resolutions and CL.lls for t.he immediate, ~/Jtal and unconditional withdrawal nf all Soviet forces from all Afghan territory, on the basis of a precise time- table to be established by the United Nations. Egypt also calls for the Afghan mu.iahidin to take part in aB efforts to reach a peaceful settlement of the problem and hopes that the Afghan pe,ople will be able to regain its inalienable right to self-determination with- out any foreign interference, so as to guarantee the total independence and freedom of Afghanistan and 54. Egypt today reiterates its commitment to those resolutions and cr..lls for t.he immediate, total and unconditional withdrawal 0:£ all Soviet forces from aH Afghan territory, on the basis of a precise time- table to be established by the United Nations. Egypt also calls for the Afghan mujahidin to take part in an efforts to reach a peaceful settlement of the problem and hopes that the Afghan pe,ople will be able to regain its inalienable right to self-determination with- out any foreign interference, so as to guarantee the total independence and freedom of Afghanistan and its~ sovereignty over all its ternltory, as well as its status as a non-aHgned country. its~ sovereignty over all its ternltory, as well as its status as a non-aHgned country. 55. The struggle .~f the Afghan people to recover its sndependelilce and its freedom offers us a striki!!g example of the struggle of smaH peoples against ag;gression and oppression. This mHitant nation er 55. The struggle .~f the Afghan people to recover its S!ldependelilce and its freedom offers us a striking example of the struggle of smat! peoples against ag:~ression and oppression. This mHitant nation er beh~vers, which is de:eply attached to liberty and has great moral strength. and material resources, will no doubt succeed, with'God's help, in realizing its aspira- tions. beH~vers, which is de:eply attached to liberty and has great mOral strength. and material resources, will no doubt succeed, with' God's help, in realizing its aspira- tions.

The criJis in Afghanistan is not limited to the invasion by the force:i of a major Power of a small non-aligned country and the imposition of a regime against the will of the majority of the people'of that coul~~ry. In addition to the fact that the scope of the crisis jeopardizes international peace and security, the political events which have followed have shown that its implications extend to the international arena, since they relate to the development of relations between the two super-Powers and the positive or negative effects this can have at the international level. The invasion of Afghanistan at a critical 'point in inter- national relations has deepened the differences between the Soviet Union and the United States and greatly endangered international peace and security, and this has had a direct effect on the inter- national detente that all peace-loving peoples of the world desire. This crisis is one of the major obstacles to the restoration of a climate of confidence, which is a pre-condition ofagreement between the two s'~""er­ Powers on the limitation of strategic weapons as ar. important first step towards general and complete disarmament.

The criJis in Afghanistan is not limited to the invasion by the force:i of a major Power of a small non-aligned country and the imposition of a regime against the will of the majority of the people·of that cOU1~;,ry. In addition to the fact that the scope of the crisis jeopardizes international peace and security, the political events which have followed have shown that its implications extend to the international arena, since they relate to the development of relations between the two super-Powers and the positive or negative effects this can have at the international level. The invasion of Afghanistan at a critical point in inter- national relations has deepened the differences between the Soviet Union and the United States and greatly endangered international peace and security, and this has had a direct effect on the inter- national detente that all peace-loving peoples of the world desire. This crisis is one of the major obstacles to the restoration of a climate of confidence, which is a pre-condition ofagreement between the two s"~er­ Powers on the limitation of strategic weapons as ar. important first step towards general and complete disarmament. 57. Nearly three years have gone by since the con- vening of the sixth emergency special session, during which the General Assembly called for the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The General Assembly reiterated that call at its thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth regular sessions and demanded that a solu- tion be found to ~he problem through diplomatic, peaceful means, in accordance wi~h the United Nations Charter, which rejects the use of force in the settle- ment of international problems. 57. Nearly three years have gone by since the con- vening of the sixth emergency special session, during which the General Assembly called for the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The General Assembly reiterated that call at its thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth regular sessions and demanded that a solu- tion be found to ~he problem through diplomatic, peaceful means, in accordance wi~h the United Nations Charter, which rejects the use of force in the settle- ment of international problems. 59. My delegation is deeply concerned by the news it has received concerning the installation of a Soviet air base in the south-east of Afghanistan. The exist- ence of such a base is a direct threat to the security of the Middle East and of the Arabian Gulf region in particular. It is certain that the United Slates, which made this news public, will· spare no effort to redress the imbalance of forces in the region by estab- lishing similar military installations, and this will lead to the escalation of armaments and greater tension in an already explosive region. The ..stabiishment of that air base, if the news is confirmed, would be harmful to any solution of the Afghan problem. That is why my delegation calls for the implementation of the resolu- tions of the United Nations, as well as the recom- mendations and resolutions of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, and for a response to the appeal made by the Conference ofMinisters for Foreign Affairs of Non-Aligned Countries, held at New Delhi in 1981, all of which call for the immediate, total and unconditional withdrawal of Soviet forces from Af- ghanistan and a political settlement which guarantees 59. My delegation is deeply concerned by the news it has received concerning the installation of a Soviet air base in the south-east of Afghanistan. The exist- ence of such a base is a direct threat to the security of the Middle East and of the Arabian Gulf region in particular. It is certain that the United SLates, which made this news public, will'spare no effort to redress the imbalance of forces in the region by estab- lishing similar military installations, and this will lead to the escalation of armaments and greater tension in an already explosive region. The ..stabiishment of that air base, if the news is confirmed, would be harmful to any solution of the Afghan problem. That is why my delegation caUs for the implementation of the resolu- tions of the United Nations, as well as the recom- mendations and resolutions of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, and for a response to the appeal made by the Conference ofMinisters for Foreign Affairs of Non-Aligned Countries, held at New Delhi in 1981, all of which call for the immediate, total and unconditional withdrawal of Soviet forces from Af- ghanistan and a political settlement which guarantees respect for the independence, sovereigr:ty, territorial integrity and non-aligned status of Afghanistan, as well as for the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of States. resp~ct for the independence, sovereigr-:ty, territorial integrity and non-aligned status of Afghanistan, as well as for the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of States. 60. We reaffirm the right of the Afghan refugees to return to their hr~:mes and to recover their posses- sions. We ·call for the redoubling of international efforts to find ajust solution to the problem. There are two prerequisites for the solution of the Afghan prob- 60. We reaffirm the right of the Afghan refugees to return to their hpmes and to recover their posses- sions. We -call for the redoubling of international efforts to find ajust solution to the problem. There are two prerequisites for the solution of the Afghan prob- lem. given its military" political and humanitarian lem~ given its military" political and humanitarian dim!ensions: the immediate and unconditional with- drawal of foreign forces, and respect for the right of the Afghan people to self-determination and to choose for itself the so<:;,ial and political system that dim!~nsions: the immediate and unconditional with- drawal of foreign forces, and respect for the right of the Afghan people to self-determination and to choose for itself the so<;,ial and political system that 69. The United States has not concealed the fact that one of the fundamental purposes of that struggle is to consolidate American influence in Afghanistan by turning that country, which has a common border with the Soviet Union and which is very close to the petroleum-rich Persian Gulf, into a United States stronghold. Therefore, quite logically, Senator Paul Tsongas, speaking on 30 September in the United States Senate, said: "History, however, has presented the United States with a unique opportunity.... So, for a small investment now, we stand to reap just rewards in the future". 70. Afghanistan, according to the plans of Wash- ington, should serve as one of the links in those front lines which the Unitec;l States is attempting to set up in South-West Asia, in accordance with its concept of an anti-Sov~et strategic consensus. As The New York Times indicated on 4 May 1981, a former State Department specialist on Afghan affairs, Mr. Leon B. Poullada, stated that the Afghan bandits should be regarded as the vanguard of the United States rapid deployment force. 71. In order to implement their strategic plans, those in the ruling circles in the United States are trying at all costs to maintain a state of tension around Afghanistan. In the light of this, the aggression against Afghanistan is simply part and parcel of a far-reaching plan for destabilizing the situation throughout the region, from South Asia to the Persian Gulf. In the context of that policy, a particular role has been allocated to Pakistan, from whose territory interven- tion is at present being carriedout against Afghanistan. The Pentagon has not concealed the fact that it would like to acquire military bases in Pakistan and is par- 71. In order to implement their strategic plans, those in the ruling circles in the United States are trying at all costs to maintain a state of tension around Afghanistan. In the light of this, the aggression against Afghanistan is simply part and parcel of a far-reaching plan for destabilizing the situation throughout the region, from South Asia to the Persian Gulf. In the context of that policy, a particular role has been allocated to Pakistan, from whose territory interven- tion is at present being carried out against Afghanistan. The Pentagon has not concealed the fact that it would like to acquire military bases in Pakistan and is par- 72. The imperialist forces in the United States would find it easier to achieve all thos(: ends if they managed to divert Afghanistan from the path of progressive development and turn it into a State along the lines of the Shah's Iran, where the authority of a despotic regime relied heavily on the American mili- tary machine. It is precisely for that reason that Washington is relying heavily on the strength of the Afghan terrorist counter-revolutionary organizations located in the territory of Pakistan. 72. The imperialist forces in the United States would find it easier to achieve all those ends if they managed to divert Afghanistan from the path of progressive development and turn it into a State along the lines of the Shah's Iran, where the authority of a despotic regime relied heavily on the American mili- tary machine. It is precisely for that reason that Washington is relying heavily on the strength of the Afghan terrorist counter-revolutionary organizations located in the territory of Pakistan. 73. Despite certain divergencjes in their programmes, their leaders are united by one thing: hatred for the new revolutionary structure of Afghanistan and the progressive social and economic reforms which are being carried out there. All those organizations are headed by representatives of the exploiting classes that were swept away by the revolution: tribal leaders, feudal lords and reactionary clerics. The type of people they are is eloquently indicated by the fact that some of them at one time even fought against the reactionary regimes of the previous king, Zah!r Shah, and then against Daoud. It is easy to imagine into what sort of mediaeval hinterland those forces, which are glorified in the West as freedom fighters, would like to lead the Afghan people. 73. Despite certain divergencjes in their programmes, their leaders are united by one thing: hatred for the new revolutionary structure of Afghanistan and the progressive social and economic reforms which are being carried out there. All those organizations are headed by representatives of the exploiting classes that were swept away by the revolution: tribal leaders, feudal lords and reactionary clerics. The type of people they are is eloquently indicated by the fact that some of them at one time even fought against the reactionary regimes of the previous king, Zahar Shah, and then against Daoud. It is easy to imagine into what sort of mediaeval hinterland those forces, which are glorified in the West as freedom fighters, would like to lead the Afghan people. 74. Imperialist age'nts and professional terrorists from the counter-revolutionary hands still manage, by force and. dect~ption, to involve people from among the refugees in carrying out aflned attacks against Afghan territory. Taking advantage of the lawlessness and illiteracy of those people and their material difficul- ties, the representatives of the counter-revolutionary organizations are recruiting cannon fodder from among those people, who are subjected to ideological pro- gramming and military training in special camps loc~~~d along the border with Afghanistan. The American instructors have even introduced a selective pay scale for various acts of terrorism-for example, for setting fire to a warehouse or a school, for kming a member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, for shooting up cars on the highway, and so forth. Ac- cording to this monstrous bHl of fare, the terrorists in Afghanistan murder spiritual persons, destroy mosques and intimidate believers. In connection with this kind ofbrutality, which has occurred in the T&har province, the head of their clergy, Balkk Abdul Madjid, re.. cently declared in a sermon that "the murder of in- nocent children, old people .and religious observers and the burning of holy books which are not recon- cilable with Islam reveal the duplicity and hypocrisy of those people who are speculating in religion. Their name is •murderers' ". 74. Imperialist age'nts and professional terrorists from the counter-revolutionary bands still manage, by force and. dect~ption, to involve people from among the refugees in carrying out arpled attacks against Afghan territory. Taking advantage of the lawlessness and illiteracy of those people and their material difficul- ties, the representatives of the counter-revolutionary organizations are recruiting cannon fodder from among those people, who are subjected to ideological pro- gramming and military training in special camps IOCfi~~d along the border with Afghanistan. The American instructors have even introduced a selective pay scale for various acts of terrorism-for example, for setting fire to a warehouse or a school, for kming a member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, for shooting up cars on the highway, and so forth. Ac- cording to this monstrous bUl of fare, the terrorists in Afghanistan murder spiritual persons, destroy mosques and intimidate believers. In connection with this kind ofbrutality, which has occurred in the T&har province, the head of their clergy, Balkk Abdul Madjid, re- cently declared in a sermon that "the murder of in- nocent children, old people and religious observers and the burning of holy books which are not recon- cilable with Islam reveal the duplicity and hypocrisy of those people who are speculating in religion. Their name is •murderers' ". 75. The actions and policies of the patrons of the Afghan counter-revolution are radically at variance with the national interests of the Afghan people. That is why the efforts of the forces which are against democratic Afghanistan are doomed to failure. The Afghan people, which made its choice in April 1978, is resolute in its determination to protect the ~ains of its revolution from Gutside enemies. Furthermore, Afghanistan has friends that continue to be prepared to give it all necessary fraternal, international assistance 75. The actions and policies of the patrons of the Afghan counter-revolution are radically at variance with the national interests of the Afghan people. That is why the efforts of the forces which are against democratic Afghanistan are doomed to failure. The Afghan people, which made its choice in April 1978, is resolute in its determination to protect the lJains of its revolution from cutside enemies. Furthermore, Afghanistan has friends that continue to be prepared to give it all necessary fraternal, international assistance .''The foes of the Afghan people, including those who flaunt their commitment to democracy, are trying to hinder the building of a new and truly democratic life in that country. While in words a political solution to the problems which have arisen around Afghanistan is being advocated, in deeds the achievement of such a solution is being impeded in every possible way. "Opportunities for such a solution do exist. They are embodied in the constructive proposals of the Government of the Democratic Republic.of Afghanistan, which the Soviet Union fully supports. Only one thing is required, and that is to stop the armed intervention from outside against Afghanistan and not interfere in the internal affairs of that sover- eign non-aligned State." [13th fneeting, paras. 126 and 127.] 77. The content of the proposals contained in the statements of the Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan of 15 May 19802 and 24 Au- gust 19813 are well known. The programme for a political settlement put forward by the Government of Afghanistan constitutes a specific and realistic pro- gramme for negotiations with the Governments of neighbouring countries, and that programme remains fully up to date. The Afghan proposals, which take into account certain wishes expressed by other in- terested parties, are an expression of good will aimed at proceeding as soon as possible to a fun dialogue. 78. The subject of the negotiations, of course, would be the international aspects of the Afghan problem rather than the domestic affairs of Afghanistan, which fall fully and solely within the competence of the Government of that country. The questions of the present structure of the Democratic Republic of Af- ghanistan, the composition of its Government and all other domestic matters cannot be discussed in any international forum. They are being resolved, and will continue to be resolved, by the Afghan people alone. 79. Agreements to normalize relations between Afghanistan and its neighbours should be sup- plemented by suitable international guarantees that armed or any other form of intervention in Afghan affairs would be terminated and would not recur. Such guarantees should form an integral part of a political settlement. We concur in the view of the Afghan Government that the countries providing such guarantees should be the Soviet Union, the United States and other countries acceptable to the Demo- cratic Republic of Afghanistan and its neighbours. 80. It is .very important to note that the Afghan Government has no objection to the discussion of questions connected with the elaboration of interna- tional guarantees, to be commenced at the same time as and to proceed concurrently with bilateral or trilateral talks between Afghanistan, Paki~tan and Iran. In its early stages, such a discussion might take the form of unofficial multilateral consultations, to be continued in a relevant international forum. I despite it. 87. The draft resolution that has been presented to the present session has exactly the same negative features as made the anti-Afghan resolution adopted at the thirty-sixth session completely unacceptable. The present draft resolution is devoid of political realism; it disregards the objective facts of the situa- tion and fails to take account of the legitimate in- terests of those concerned and the constructive initiatives put forward by the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. 88. The Soviet delegation therefore strongly objects to the draft resolution which has been presented. The adoption of that draft resolution would be tanta- mount to inadmissible intervention in the internal affairs of Afghanistan. We consider that anyone voting for this draft resolution, whether doing so of his own accord or under pressure from others, is simply voting in favour of a continuance of the tension in South-West Asia for some time to come. 89. The Soviet delegation has previously emphasized and now reiterates its conviction that the efforts of the General Assembly should be directed not at arousing passions and supporting armed intervention but at giving compreh~nsive support to a genuine political solution of the situation around Afghanistan. 90. Mr. BHATT (Nepal): The situation in Afghani- stan has had profound implications for international peace and security. 7t has added to the mistrust and suspicion between the two major Powers and has strained their relations. It has hurt the process of detente and has adversely affected thepossibiliiy of an early concl4sion of an arms control agreement. These are matters of serious concern, and a satis- factory solution of the Afghan problem could help greatly in reversing the present unhealthy state of international relations. I despite it. 87. The draft resolution that has been presented to the present session has exactly the same negative features as made the anti-Afghan resolution adopted at the thirty-sixth session completely unacceptable. The present draft resolution is devoid of political realism; it disregards the objective facts of the situa- tion and fails to take account of the legitimate in- terests of those concerned and the constructive initiatives put forward by the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. 88. The Soviet delegation therefore strongly objects to the draft resolution which has been presented. The adoption of that draft resolution would be tanta- mount to inadmissible intervention in the internal affairs of Afghanistan. We consider that anyone voting for this draft resolution, whether doing so of his own accord or under pressure from others, is simply voting in favour of a continuance of the tension in South-West Asia for some time to come. 89. The Soviet delegation has previously emphasized and now reiterates its conviction that the efforts of the General Assembly should be directed not at arousing passions and supporting armed intervention but at giving compreh~nsive support to a genuine political solution of the situation around Afghanistan. 90. Mr. BHATT (Nepal): The situation in Afghani- stan has had profound implications for international peace and security. :1 has added to the mistrust and suspicion between the two major Powers and has strained their relations. It has hurt the process of detente and has adversely affected thepossibiliiy of an early conch..Jsion of an arms control agreement. These are matters of serious concern, and a satis- factory solution of the Afghan problem could help greatly in reversing the present unhealthy state of international relations. 91. The position of Nepal on the situation in Af- ghanistan is clear. We have always believed that international peace and security are best guaranteed _ by a scrupulous observance of the principles of the sovereign equality' of nations, non-interference in in- ternal affairs, non-use of force, and peaceful co- existeiice. These principles constitute the very founda- tion of the United Nations and are upheld by the non-aligned community. The inalienable right of every nation to choose its own political, social and eco- nomic system without imposition from outside is in- violable. These cardinal principles have received the unequivocal commitment of all Statt~5 Members of this Organization, big or small, weak or powerful. The Charter of the United Nations commits each Member 91. The position of Nepal on the situation in Af- ghanistan is clear. We have always believed that international peace and security are best guaranteed _ by a scrupulous observance of the principles of the sovereign equality' of nations, non-interference in in- ternal affairs, non-use of force, and peaceful co- existeiice. These principles constitute the very founda- tion of the United Nations and are upheld by the non-aligned community. The inalienable right of every nation to choose its own political, social and eco- nomic system without imposition from outside is in- violable. These cardinal principles have received the unequivocal commitment of all Statt~5 Members of this Organization, big or small, weak or powerful. The Charter of the United Nations commits each Member ret~ry-General for his untiring efforts to seek a poHti- cal settlement of the situation. Nepal fully supports the continuation of these missions. 93. It is a matter of deep regret that these serious efforts have not so far succeeded and resulted in a just solution to the problem. We continue to believe that only a negotiated political settlement can solve the human and political aspects of the situation in Afghanistan. With this consideration in view, Nepal has once again sponsored the draft resolution on this question. It represents one more serious effort on the part of the sponsor~"to break the present impasse. 94. Mr. FISCHER (Austria): The situation in Af- ghanistan continues to be one of the most important issues on the agenda, a problem with far-reaching implications, which has deeply shaken not only the peace and stability of the region but international peace and security as well. 95. The continuing armed intervention in Afghani- stan not only threatens the stability of the region but gravely endangers the maintenance of peace and security in the world. It also constitutes a serious violation of the principle that all States Members of the United Nations shall refrain in their International relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State. Moreovers the principle of equal rights and self- determination of peoples, including the free choice of their own political and social system, and the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of States have been seriously infringed. Finally, the events in Afghanis(an have also resulted in a refugee problem" of considerable proportions, which has created suffering and misery for millions uf people and has seriously affected the States neighbouring .Af- ghanistan, particularly Pakistan. 96. These are fundamental principles which govern the orderly and peaceful conduct of relations between States. Austria has repeatedly stressed their impor- tance over the years. We cannot remain silent in the face of a situation in which those principles are con- tinuously violated. 97. There is yet another aspect of the situation in Afghanistan which gives rise to concern. Austria had hoped that the new decade of the 1980s would bring further imiJrovements in the world political climate, ensuring international peace and security and enabling 102. In conclusion, let me reiterate that Austria supports the right of every people to self-determi- nation. We hope that the people of Afghanistan will soon have the opportunity to exercise that basic right. We -hope, furthermore, that in the course of this process the general political climate will be im- proved and that the policy of dialogue and co-opera- tion from which the·whole world has benefited will be resumed.

Respect for inter- national law is an important element for the security of ail States. For the security of small and medium-

Respect for inter- national law is an important element for the security of aH States. For the security of small and medium- 113. There are now some 100,000 Soviet troops in Afghanistan. The size of that force has increased steadily since the invasion. But the brave people of Afghanistan continue to fight. Soviet troops are obliged to travel through the countryside in armed convoys. They bombard villages from tanks, helicopters and war planes. They destroy crops and irrigation systems, bringing starvation in their train. They sow the hill- 113. There are now some 100,000 Soviet troops in Afghanistan. The size of that force has increased steadily since the invasion. But the brave people of Afghanistan continue to fight. Soviet troops are obliged to travel through the countryside in armed convoys. They bombard villages from tanks, helicopters and war planes. They destroy crops and irrigation systems, bringing starvation in their train. They sow the hill- sirl~s with mines, regardless of the welfare of the civ!ilian population in a country wi!h a traditon of nomadic family !ife. But the Afghan spirit and resis- tance remain unbroken. There can be no doubt thar the Soviet troops are an army of occupation seeking to suppress an independent and freedom-loving peo- ple. sirl~s with mines, regardless of the welfare of the civ!ilian population in a country wi!h a traditon of nomadic family life. But the Afghan spirit and resis- tance remain unbroken. There can be no doubt that the Soviet troops are an army of occupation seeking to suppress an independent and freedom-loving peo- ple. 114. Further proof of the true nature of the Soviet occupation lies in the exodus of millions of Afghan refugees, men, women and children, who have fled their country. The Government of Pakistan has re- cently estimated that there are about 3 million Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Those in Iran are believed to 114. Further proof of the true nature of the Soviet occupation lies in the exodus of millions of Afghan refugees, men, women and children, who have fled their country. The Government of Pakistan has re- cently estimated that there are about 3 million Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Those in Iran are believed to ~-number hundreds ofthousands. Others have moved to India, to Turkey or to Western Europe. In 1978, the population ofAfghanistan was estimated to be between 15 and 16 million. More than a fifth of that population has since had to fllC~, Those pe.ople are living testimony to what has been done to their country. This is the largest refugee problem in the world. ~-number hundreds ofthousands. Others have moved to India, to Turkey or to Western Europe. In 1978, the population ofAfghanistan was estimated to be between 15 and 16 million. More than a fifth of that population has since had to t1e~, Those p~ople are living testimony to what has been done to their country. This is the largest refugee problem in the world. 115. This is notjust the tragedy ofa small and isolated people subjected to armed invasion by a large and powerful neighbour. There is also the wider question of the challenge to the principles on which the United Nations is based. There is no way in which the in- 115. This is notjust the tragedy ofa small and isolated people subjected to armed invasion by a large and powerful neighbour. There is also the wider question of the challenge to the principles on which the United Nations is based. There is no way in which the in- 117, The United Kingdom remains ready to work constructively and flexibly towards a political solu- tion on these lines, We played a central part in pre- paring the initiative which was announced by the 10 member States of the European Community on 30 June 1981. 1 We believe that this plan continues to offer a practical and rea&onable way forward" It is a genuine attempt to devise a path to a settlement which takes account of all interested parties. It recognizes that no settlement which is not endorsed by the Af- ghan people can bring lasting peace and stability to the area, 118. My Government supported resolution 35/37 ~ in which the General Assembly asked the Secretary- General to appoint a speci,,: repre§entative in order to promote a political solution in accordance with the provisions of that resolution. The representative of Denmark has aiready expressed, on behalf of the 10 member States of the European Community, the keen interest with which we have followed the endeavours this year of the Secretary-General and his personal representative, We note, for example, that the Secretary-General's report affirmed that there was a strong disposition to reach ~ through negotiations, a comprehensive settlement which would lay the foundations for promoting good-neighbourly relations and co-operation among the States in the area and for strengthening international peace and security in the region. What we have not yet seen, however, is what my delegation would regard as real evidence of any such disposition on the part of the Soviet Union. Subtle hints will not do. What is nt:.~ded is a firm undertaking to withdraw its troops and put a stop to the brutal repression of the Afghan people, 118. My Government supported resolution 35/37 ~ in which the General Assembly asked the Secretary- General to appoint a sped,,: repre§entative in order to promote a political solution in accordance with the provisions of that resolution. The representative of Denmark has aiready expressed, on behalf of the 10 member States of the European Community, the keen interest with which we have followed the endeavours this year of the Secretary-General and his personal representative. We note, for example, that the Secretary-General's report affirmed that there was a strong disposition to reach. through negotiations, a comprehensive settlement which would lay the foundations for promoting good-neighbourly relations and co-operation among the States in the area and for strengthening international peace and security in the region. What we have not yet seen, however, is what my delegation would regard as real evidence of any such disposition on the part of the Soviet Union. Subtle hints will not do. What is nt:.~ded is a firm undertaking to withdraw its troops and put a stop to the brutal repression of the Afghan people. 119. To sum up, my Government continues to sup- port the June 1981 initiative of the European Com- munity. We continue. to follow the Secretary-General's efforts with interest. ;"Ve shall give our backing to any other activity in good faith which promises the pos- 119. To sum up, my Government cont!l\ues to sup- port the June 1981 initiative of the European Com- munity. We continue to follow the Secretaty-General's efforts with interest. ",Ve shall give our backing to any other activity in good faith which promises the pos-

First of all, the delega- tion of Viet Nam wishes to express its strong disap- proval of the fact that the so-called question of the situation in Afghanistan is once again included in the agenda, despite the strong opposition of the Govern- ment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. 122. We believe that such interference in the internal affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, an independent, sovereign State, constitutes a violation of the United Nations Charter, which states in para- graph 7 of Article 2: "Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to inter- vene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State..." . 122. We believe that such interference in the internal affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, an independent, sovereign State, constitutes a violation of the United Nations Charter, which states in para- graph 7 of Article 2: "Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to inter- vene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State...". 123. It is a known fact that inclusion of this question in the agenda of the General Assembly is intended to distract the attention of public opinion from the burning issues that preoccupy the peoples of the world'and demand immediate solution-namely, the policy of aggreSS!9n and massacre carried out by the imperialist forces and their allies in the Middle East, southern Mrica and Central America, the danger of the arms race and the threat of nuclear disaster. 123. It is a known fact that inclusion of this question in the agenda of the General Assembly is intended to distract the attention of public opinion from the burning issues that preoccupy the peoples of the world and demand immediate solution-namely, the policy of aggreSS!9n and massacre carried out by the imperialist forces and their allies in the Middle East, southern Mrica and Central America, the danger of the arms race and the threat of nuclear disaster. J 124. Once again, from this rostrum, the delegation of Viet Nam wishes to reaffirm its unswerving support for the just struggle of th~ people and Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in following up their April revolution, in defending their national independence against all reactionary forces and in building a new and happy life. . J 124. Once again, from this rostrum, the delegation of Viet Nam wishes to reaffirm its unswerving support for the just struggle of the people and Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in follo~ing up their April revolution, in defending their national independence against all reactionary forces and in building a new and happy life.. 125. We rejoice at the major achievements of the Afghan people, which mark an important turning- point in the history of that people in freeing them- selves from the chains of imperialism and abolishing inhuman feudal relatioilships and the consequences of economic and social backwardness. The Afghan peo- ple, in full exercise of their sovereign rights, have been able to achieve the noble objectives of their revolution despite many difficulties and obstacles. Having weathered wind and storm, they have solidly established popular power and have laid the broad political and social foundations of the young Republic, which constitute the solid basis of the new society moving towards development and progress. The forma- tion of the National Fatherland Front to strengthen the revolutionary process is a typical example of this. 125. We rejoice at the major achievements of the Afghan people, which mark an important turning- point in the history of that people in freeing them- selves from the chains of imperialism and abolishing inhuman feudal relatiOilships and the consequences of economic and social backwardness. The Afghan peo- ple, in full exercise of their sovereign rights, have been able to achieve the noble objectives of their revolution despite many difficulties and obstacles. Having weathered wind and storm, they have solidly established popular power and have laid the broad , political and social foundations of the young Republic, which constitute the solid basis of the new society moving towards development and progress. The forma- tion of the National Fatherland Front to strengthen the revolutionary process is a typical example of this. 126. Thank.s to effective measures on the part of the Government of Afghanistan in the economic sphere, workers today enjoy a better life. Agrarian reform has brought about an improvement in the economic situation ofhundreds ofthousands offarmers. Illiteracy has been eradicated. These achievements have given the entire people access to work, to education and to participation in the development of the country. 126. Thank.s to effective measures on the part of the Government of Afghanistan in the economic sphere, workers today enjoy a better life. Agrarian reform has brought about an improvement in the economic situation ofhundreds ofthousands offarmers. Illiteracy has been eradicated. These achievements have given the entire people access to work, to education and to participation in the development of the country. 127. In the face ofthe revolutionary change achieved by the Afghan people, the forces of imperialism and hegemonism are uttering cries of alarm and are setting in motion a cynical campaign of ,denigration of that country in the hope of reversing a situation which goes against their interests. 127. In the face ofthe revolutionary change achieved by the Afghan people, the forces of imperialism and hegemonism are uttering cries of alarm and are setting in motion a cynical campaign of ,denigration of that country in the hope of reversing a situation which goes against their interests. 128. Ever since the first days of the revolution, those forces, together with regional reactionaries, have engaged in disgraceful activities to undermine the achievements of the April revolution. Granting in- creased military and political assistance to their bel- licos'e allies in the region and assistance of all kinds to members ofthe fallen despotic regime, they fabricate slanderous propa,ganda while carrying out criminal military acts of intervention, using financing and arms from the United States, with a view to abolishing popular power and reinstalling a pro-American regime in Afghanistan. Within the country, they have brought together agents of the overthrown feudal clique and used them in activities of sabotage in order to create a state of constant instability. These baleful efforts fall within the framework of the global strategy of the United States and China in that region ofthe Asian sub-continent. 128. Ever since the first days of the revolution, those forces, together with regional reactionaries, have engag,ed in disgraceful activities to undermine the achievements of the April revolution. Granting in- crea~ed military and political assistance to their bel- licose allies in the region and assistance of all kinds to members ofthe fallen despotic regime, they fabricate slanderous propa.ganda while carrying out criminal military acts of intervention, using financing and arms from the United States, with a view to abolishing popular power and reinstalling a pro-American regime in Afghanistan. Within the country, they have brought together agents of the overthrown feudal clique and used them in activities of sabotage in order to create a state of constant instability. These baleful efforts fall within the framework of the global strategy of the United States and China in that region ofthe Asian sub-continent. 129. After the fall of the pro-American tsari~t regime in Iran, United States imperialism cannot endure the birth of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. It 'therefore .intervened against the revolutionary changes in Afghanistan and is using those changes as a pretext for reviving the terrible tumes of the cold war, wfiile it speeds up the arms race and prepares for a hot war. Together with its hostile activities against the Democratic R~public of Afghanistan, it is increasing its military presence in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf; it is increasing its support for Israel, which committed the monstrous massacres in Beirut last summer; it is doubling the strength of its rapid deployment force, and it is expanding its mili- tary bases in this region and seeking new ones. 129. After the fall of the pro-American tsari~t regime in Iran, United States imperialism cannot endure the birth of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. It . therefore intervened against the revolutionary changes in Afghanistan and is using those changes as a pretext for reviving the terrible tumes of the cold war, wfiile it speeds up the arms race and prepares for a hot war. Together with its hostile activities C:\gainst the Democratic R~public of Afghanistan, it is increasing its military presence in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf; it is increasing its support for Israel, which committed the monstrous massacres in Beirut last summer; it is doubling the strength of its rapid deployment force, and it is expanding its mili- tary bases in this region and seeking new ones. 130. These are the true roots of the state of tension and inr"tability in this part of the world, while the vociferous campaign waged throughout the world on the so-called question of the situation in Afghanistan is only a manreuvre in a policy of uniting the allied forces in anti-Sovietism and against detente and international peace and security. But that policy cannot succeed. In those underhand attempts, the United States is happy to find a new ally in Asia that is a self- proclaimed member of the "Eastern NATO'\ being in the vanguard of the crusade against the Afghan revolution, and that endeavours to please the im- perialists in order to get from them, in exchange, assistance in attaining its objectives of the "four modemizations" . 130. These are the true roots of the state of tension and in'-,tability in this part of the world, while the vociferous campaign waged throughout the world on the so-called question of the situation in Afghanistan is only a manreuvre in a policy of uniting the allied forces in anti-Sovietism and against detente and international peace and security. But that policy cannot succeed. In those underhand attempts, the United States is happy to find a new ally in Asia that is a self- proclaimed member of the "Eastern NATO'\ being in the vanguard of the crusade against the Afghan revolution, and that endeavours to please the im- perialists in order to get from them, in exchange, assistance in attaining its objectives of the "four modernizations" . 131. As a result of this dangerous collusion, in the past few years thousands ofreactionaries, called "peo- ple'·s militia" and trained on the soil of neighbouring territories, have been sent to Afghanistan to carry out 131. As a result of this dangerous collusion, in the past few years thousands ofreactionaries, called "peo- ple'·s militia" and trained on the soil of neighbouring territories, have been sent to Afghanistan to carry out 139. We believe that those that are behind the debate on the so-called question of the situation in Afghani- stan and that are sponsorin..8 draft resolution A/37/L.38 are very far from contributing to that end. On the contrary, by their action they support the designs of those forces which oppose the peaceful building of the Afghan people and the negotiating efforts in that region. My delegation will have to vote against that draft resolution. 139. We believe that those that are behind the debate on the so-called question of the situation in Afghani- stan and that are sponsorin..8 draft resolution A/37/L.38 are very far from contributing to that end. On the contrary, by their action they support the designs of those forces which oppose the peaceful building of the Afghan people and the negotiatingefforts in that region. My delegation will have to vote against that draft resolution.

Once again this year, we have had presented to us for our consideration a matter which falls exclusively within the purview of a sovereign State Member of the United Nations, namely, the Democratic Republic of Mghanistan. This, moreover, has occurred, first, despite the extremely clear and uncompromising position taken by the Government of that State, the sole legitimate representative of the Afghan people; secondly, despite the disagreement clearly expressed by the representatives of a number of other States; and, thirdly, despite the present situa- tion and international law. Consideration of an item on the situation in Afghanistan in the United Nations can only be described as a blatant violation of the Charter of the Organization and as yet another act of intervention in the internal affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

Once again this year, we have had presented to us for our consideration a matter which falls exclusively within the purview of a sovereign State Member of the United Nations, namely, the Democratic Republic of Mghanistan. This, moreover, has occurred, first, despite the extremely clear and uncompromising position taken by the Government of that State, the sole legitimate representative of the Afghan people; secondly, despite the disagreement clearly expressed by the representatives of a number of other States; and, thirdly, despite the present situa- tion and international law. Consideration of an item on the situation in Afghanistan in the United Nations can only be described as a blatant violation of the Charter of the Organization and as yet another act of intervention in the internal affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, 141. The underlying reasons for this matter being kept as an item on the agenda of this session are the specific acts of those forces which are hostile to the people of Afghanistan, which disregard their interests and their desires and which are openly against the Afghan revolution, by means of which the Afghan people, under the leadership of the People's Demo- cratic Party of Mghanistan, embarked on the path of reconstruction, along the lines ofsocialjustice, in their country. These forces, which have openly interfered in the domestic affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, have unleashed an undeclared war against it. They organize, finance and introduce into Mghanistan thousand4) of specially trained guerrillas and terrorists, armed to the teeth, whose attacks against those who represent revolutionary power, and other barbarous crimes, including the massacre ofthe defenceless civilian population, have aroused profound indignation among broad segments of world public opinion. 141. The underlying reasons for this matter being kept as an item on the agenda of this session are the specific acts of those forces which are hostile to the people of Afghanistan, which disregard their interests and their desires and which are openly against the Afghan revolution, by means of which the Afghan people, under the leadership of the People's Demo- cratic Party of Mghanistan, embarked on the path of reconstruction, along the lines ofsocialjustice, in their country. These forces, which have openly interfered in the domestic affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, have unleashed an undeclared war against it. They organize, finance and introduce into Mghanistan thousand~ of specially trained guerrillas and terrorists, armed to the teeth, whose attacks against those who represent revolutionary power, and other barbarous crimes, including the massacre of the defenceless civilian population, have aroused profound indignation among broad segments of world public opinion. 136. My delegation believes that the interests of the Demo'cratic Republic ofAfghanistan, the region South- West Asia and world peace require that the forces hostile to that country end all interference in its in- ternal affairs. 136. My delegation believes that the interests of the Demo'cratic Republic ofAfghanistan, the region South- West Asia and world peace require that the forces hostile to that country end all interference in its in- ternal affairs. 137. We greatly appreciate the efforts to achieve peace and co-operation made by the Democratic Republic of Afghanista.n, as set out in its proposal of 15 May 19802 and made more precise in its statement of 24 August 1981,3 which constitute the most realistic basis for a settlement of the situation in South-West Asia. The good will and sincerity which Afghanistan has shown in accepting trilateral negotia- tions through the intermediary of the Secretary- General have contributed to·ironing out many difficul- ties. In addition, the talks in Geneva in June 1982 between the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Demo- cratic Republic of Afghanistan and his counterpart from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, with the good . offices of the representative of the Secretary-General, have led. to positive and constructive results. That is the right path for the normalization of relations between Afghanistan and the neighbouring countries, thereby responding to the wishes of the entire inter- national community. 137. We greatly appreciate the efforts to achieve peace and co-operation made by the Democratic Republic of Afghanista.n, as set out in its proposal of 15 May 19802 and made more precise in its statement of 24 August 1981,3 which constitute the most realistic basis for a settlement of the situation in South-West Asia. The good will and sincerity which Afghanistan has shown in accepting trilateral negotia- tions through the intermediary of the Secretary- General have contributed to ironing out many difficul- ties. In addition, the talks in Geneva in June 1982 between the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Demo- cratic Republic of Afghanistan and his counterpart from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, with the good . offices of the representative of the Secretary-General, have led. to positive and constructive results. That is the right path for the normalization of relations between Afghanistan and the neighbouring countries, thereby responding to the wishes of the entire inter- national community. 142. Direct support for the military intervention and acts of sabotage has been promoted to the status of of- ficial policy in the United States and certain other States that head the" forces which are contriving to stifle the Afghan revolution. They also pursue other objectives. By once again involving us in the discus- sion of the so-called Afghan question, they are en- deavouring to divert the attention of the international community from the violations of the United Nations Charter and of international law by the forces of imperialism and hegemonism and to distract our attention from the most acute problems of the present day. Last, but not least, this is an extremely clear strategem, engaged in so that this fabricated issue can be used to justify their own actions designed to bring about a deterioration of the international climate. 138. The delegation of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam warmly welcomes and unreservedly sup- ports the peace proposals, imbued with sincerity and good will, of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Ifthe interested parties pursue negotiations in the same spirit of dialogue, a political solution aimed at the normalization and improvement of relations of friend- 138. The delegation of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam warmly welcomes and unreservedly sup- ports the peace proposals, imbued with sincerity and good will, of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Ifthe interested parties pursue negotiations in the same spirit of dialogue, a political solution aimed at the normalization and improvement of relations of friend- 142. Direct support for the military intervention and acts of sabotage has been prolIloted to the status of of- ficial policy in the United States and certain other States that head the" forces which are contriving to stifle the Afghan revolution. They also pursue other objectives. By once again involving us in the discus- sion of the so-called Afghan question, they are en- deavouring to divert the attention of the international community from the violations of the United Nations Charter and of international law by the forces of imperialism and hegemonism and to distract our attention from the most acute problems of the present day. Last, but not least, this is an extremely clear strategem, engaged in so that this fabricated issue can be used to justify their own actions designed to bring about a deterioration of the international climate. 144. We also b~lieve that the way to settle the prob- lem which has arisen around Afghanistan, and which has complicated relations between countries in South- West Asia, cannot be found by considering internal Afghan affairs in this forum of the Organization. A settlement can only be reached if an end is put to military intervention and acts of violence against the Afghan people, and if guarantees are provided against the recurrence in the future of any intervention in the internal affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan or any direct military forays from outside. We are profoundly ~onvinced that a realistic and effective foundation for talks on a political settlement of Afghan relations with Pakistan and Iran can be found in the proposals put forward by the Govern- ment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan on 15 May 19802 and 24 August 1981.3 Those ~roposals meet with our full and total support. We regard them as a manifestation of political good will, the intention of which, first and foremost, is to achieve a political settlement of the situation: Political~ood will was also the reason for the support given by the Govern- ment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan to the mediation efforts of the Secretary-General which led to the Afghan-Pakistani talks in Geneva in June ofthis year. We regard those talks as a po&itive step towards settling the Afghan situation. In our view, the results stemming from those talks are a first step towards a possible solution leading to the estab- lishment of normal and stable relations of friendship and co-operation between AfghaQistan and neigh- bouring States. We entirely endorse those talks and the constructive work they represent, and we wish them a successful outcome. It is our fervent hope that the discussions in the plenary meetings of the present 144. We also b~lieve that the way to settle the prob- lem which has arisen around Afghanistan, and which has complicated relations between countries in South- West Asfa, cannot be found by considering internal Afghan affairs in this forum of the Organization. A settlement can only be reached if an end is put to military intervention and acts of violence against the Afghan people, and if guarantees are provided against the recurrence in the future of any intervention in the internal affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan or any direct military forays from outside. We are profoundly ~onvinced that a realistic and effective foundation for talks on a political settlement of Afghan relations with Pakistan and Iran can be found in the proposals put forward by the Govern- ment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan on 15 May 19802 and 24 August 1981.3 Those ~roposals meet with our full and total support. We regard them as a manifestation of political good will, the intention of which, first and foremost, is to achieve a political settlement of the situation: Political.::,ood will was also the reason for the support given by the Govern- ment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan to the mediation efforts of the Secretary-General which led to the Afghan-Pakistani talks in GeHeva in June ofthis year. We regard those talks as a po&itive step towards settling the Afghan situation. In our view, the results stemming from those talks are a first step towards a possible solution leading to the estab- lishment of normal and stable relations of friendship and co-operation between AfghaQistan and neigh- bouring States. We entirely endorse those talks and the constructive work they represent, and we wish them a successful outcome. It is our fervent hope that the discussions in the plenary meetings of the present session will not lead to any difficulties in the talks between the two States which are at present going on. s~ssion will not lead to any difficulties in the talks between the two States which are at present going on. 145. We believe that the initiativef:i which are in- tended to settle the situation in that part of the world, the constructive response to the mediation efforts of the Secretary-General and the active approach to in- direct talks with Pakistan all indicate the good will of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and its desire to seek a political way out of the situation which has arisen, thus demonstrating tbe essentially peaceful nature of its foreign policy. Af.~hanistan has 145. We believe that the initiative~ which are in- tended to settle the situation in that part of the world, the constructive response to the mediation efforts of the Secretary-General and the active approach to in- direct talks with Pakistan all indicate the good will of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and its desire to seek a political way out of the situation which has arisen, thus demonstrating the essentially peaceful nature of its foreign policy. Af~hanistan has 146. Czechoslovakia would like to commend the con- siderable and obvious achievements of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in its efforts to build a new society in the taxing conditions ofhaving to repel large- scale interve'iltion from outside. We had an opportunity to appreciate this and to witness it with our own eyes during the friendly official visit to Afghanistan of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Czec.hoslovakia two yea-,rs ago. 146. Czechoslovakia would like to commend the con- siderable and obvious achievements of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in its efforts to build a new society in the taxing conditions ofhaving to repel large- scale interve'iltion from outside. We had an opportunity to appreciate this and to witness it with our own eyes during the friendly official visit to Afghanistan of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Czec.hoslovakia two yea',rs ago. 147. We have great respect for the fundamental foreign policy of the Democratic Republic of Afghani- stan and for the efforts it has made to achieve a pOliti- cal settlement of the undes~rable and unacceptable situation which has arisen in its relations with certain neighbouring countries. We also have great respect for its contribution to peace and security in the world, including its efforts here in the Organization. Our Republic is strengthening its traditional ties of friend- ship and full co-operation with Afghanistan. These relationships are steadily developing, and a new and vital stimulus was given to them by the visit of the President ofthe Revolutionary Council ofAfghanistan, Babrak Karmal, to Czechoslovakia last year. A further cornerstone was laid for those relations by the Treaty of friendship and co-operation between our two coun- tries, signed on 24 June 1981. Our co-operation is based on mutual respect, on the right of each State freely to determine how it should develop and on the support we have given .to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in constructing a society based on social justice an~ in protecting its revolutionary achieve- ments and its independence, sovereignty and ter- ritorial integrity. 148. The attempts, in the context of the United Nateons, to find ways and means of reaching a politi- cal settlement of the situation around Afghanistan can only touch upon the international aspects of that problem. Therefore, we denounce the submission of items in the Organization which fall outside that con- text and the consideration of which is nothing more or less than interference in the internal affairs of Afghanistan. That is something which does not help to promote a political settlement of the situation around that country, does not help create a normal, tranquil climate in that part of the world and does not, on the whole, lead to a reduction of tension. On the contrary, it simply contributes to undermining the authority of the United Nations and to placing 147. We have great respect for the fundamental foreign policy of the Democratic Republic of Afghani- stan and for the efforts it has made to achieve a politi- cal settlement of the undes~rable and unacceptable situation which has arisen in its relations with certain neighbouring countries. We also have great respect for its contribution to peace and security in the world, including its efforts here in the Organization. Our Republic is strengthening its traditional ties of friend- ship and full co-operation with Afghanistan. These relationships are steadily developing, and a new and vital stimulus was given to them by the visit of the President ofthe Revolutionary Council ofAfghanistan, Babrak Karmal, to Czechoslovakia last year. A further cornerstone was laid for those relations by the Treaty of friendship and co-operation between our two coun- tries, signed on 24 June 1981. Our co-operation is based on mutual respect, on the right of each State freely to determine how it should develop and on the support we have given ,to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in constructing a society based on social justice an4 in protecting its revolutionary achieve- ments and its independence, sovereignty and ter- ritorial integrity. 148. The attempts, in the context of the United Nateons, to find ways and means of reaching a politi- cal settlement of the situation around Afghanistan can only touch upon the international aspects of that problem. Therefore, we denounce the submission of items in the Organization which fall outside that con- text and the consideration of which is nothing more or less than interference in the internal affairs of Afghanistan. That is something which does not help to promote a political settlement of the situation around that country, does not help create a normal, tranquil climate in that part of the world and does not, on the whole, lead to a reduction of tension. On the contrary, it simply contributes to undermining the authority of the United Nations and to placing 149. For these reasons, therefore, our delegation cannot agree to the 'draft resolution before us, through which, once again, a vain attempt is being made to legalize intervention in the internal affairs of Af- ghanistan. Unfortunately, this is a one-sided draft resolution which fails to take account of the interests of that State. For that reason we shall vote against the draft resolution. . 149. For these reasons, therefore, our delegation cannot agree to the 'draft resolution before us, through which, once again, a vain attempt is being made to legalize intervention in the internal affairs of Af- ghanistan. Unfortunately, this is a one-sided draft resolution which fails to take account of the interests of that State. For that reason we shall vote against the draft resolution. .

It is now the fourth time since January 1980 that the General Assembly has had before it the ques- tion of the situation in Afghanistan and its implica- tions for international peace and security. This is so because the problem of Afghanistan has not yet been resolved, because the problem is a real one and not, as has been suggested, an alleged problem.

It is now the fourth time since January 1980 that the General Assembly has had before it the ques- tion of the situation in Afghanistan and its implica- tions for international peace and security. This is so because the problem of Afghanistan has not yet been resolved, because the problem is a real one and not, as has been suggested, an alleged problem. 151. ''fhe causes of the crisis have not disappeared, stability in the region in threatened and the prospects of a settlement are remote and uncertain. 151. ''fhe causes of the crisis have not disappeared, stability in the region in threatened and the prospects of a settlement are remote and uncertain. IS1..·...We cannot fail to note that approximately 100,000 Soviet soldiers continue to o~cupy the territory of Afghanistan and, whatever arguments are adduced to justify that situation, world public opinion still believes that the Soviet intervention and occupation constitute a violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a State Member of the Organization and a violatiDn of the United Nations Charter, Since reference has just been made to that, it is in Afghani- stan that there is a violation of the Charter, not here because we are ta!king abol~t it. It is there, because of what is going on there, that there is a violation of the Charter. 151..-_We cannot fail to note that approximately 100,000 Soviet soldiers continue to o~cupy the territory of Afghanistan and, whatever arguments are adduced to justify that situation, world public opinion still believes that the Soviet intervention and occupation constitute a violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a State Member of the Organization and a violatiDn of the United Nations Charter, Since reference has just been made to that, it is in Afghani- stan that there is a violation of the Charter, not here because we are ta!king abol~t it. It is there, because of what is going on there, that there is a violation of the Charter. 153. There, nearly 3 million-or, at any rate, more than 2.5 million-Afghan victims of the war have abandoned their homes and sought refuge in, par- ticularly, Pakistan. The murderous clashes between the military occupation forces and the internal re- sistance fighters continue, and we fear that it may spill over-we only hope it will not-the Afghan frontiers, with the risk of engulfing the entire region. That is the situation that has obtained in Afghanistan for three years. 153. There, nearly 3 million-or, at any rate, more than 2.5 million-Afghan victims of the war have abandoned their homes and sought refuge in, par- ticularly, Pakistan. The murderous clashes between the military occupation forces and the internal re- sistance fighters continue, and we fear that it may spill over-we only hope it will not-the Afghan frontiers, with the risk of engulfing the entire region. That is the situation that has obtained in Afghanistan for three years. 154. The French delegation shares the concern expressed by most of the previoils speakers at this rostrum during a debate which, I cannot understand why, one speaker described as sterile. The fact that 104 countries, then 111 and last year 116-an ever- --increasing number, with a very small numberin opposi- tion-gave their support to an almost identical resolu- tion on Afghanistan shows the growing disquiet of the international community. 154. The French delegation shares the concern expressed by most of the previous speakers at this rostrum during a debate which, I cannot understand why, one speaker described as sterile. The fact that 104 countries, then 111 and last year 116-an ever- ,-increasing number, with a very small numberin opposi- tion-gave their support to an almost identical resolu- tion on Afghanistan shows the growing disquiet of the international community. 155. It is hardly surprising that the situation in . Afghanistan and the concern which it arouses has affected the climate of relations between States. This is particularly true with regard to France. 155. It is hardly surprising that the situation in . Afghanistan and the concern which it arouses has affected the climate of relations between States. This is particularly true with regard to France. 156. In this connection, my delegation feels that the Soviet intervention in and occupation of Afghanistan are unacceptable. The President of the French Repub- lic, Mr. Fran~ois Mitterrand, in an overseas broadcast 156. In this connection, my delegation feels that the Soviet intervention in and occupation of Afghanistan are unacceptable. The President of the French Repub- lic, Mr. Fran~ois Mitterrand, in an overseas broadcast 157. That was aimed particularly at those who speak, as we have heard them, of putting an end to foreign intervention in general but who, in fact, themselves practise intervention. It is in the same spirit that the M~nister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Claude Cheysson, has recalled on various occasions that our relations with the Soviet Union necessarily could not fail to be affected by this. M~nister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Claude Cheysson, has recalled on various occasions that our relations with the Soviet Union necessarily could not fail to be affected by this. 158. Those statements, and others which I shall not quote here, reflect the disquiet of French public opinion. As I said in this Hall at the 59th meeting ofthe thirty-sixth session, the people ofFrance cannot understand why or how an eminent State Member of the Organization, which furthermore has particular responsibililies as a permanent member of the Secu- rity Council, should show such scant regard for the United Nations Charter, disregard the resolutions of the General Assembly and not make a determined effort to settle this crisis. 158. Those statements, and others which I shaH not quote here, reflect the disquiet of French public opinion. As I said in this Hall at the 59th meeting ofthe thirty-sixth session, the people ofFrance cannot understand why or how an eminent State Member of the Organization, which furthermore has particular responsibilities as a permanent member of the Secu- rity Council, should show such scant regard for the United Nations Charter, disregard the resolutions of the General Assembly and not make a determined effort to settle this crisis. 159. However, the hltemational community has left no stone unturned to find a solution, whe~her within the framework of meetings of the non-aligned coun- tries or of the members of the Organization of the Islamic Conference or on the initiative ofthe European Council, whose proposals are still valjd. 159. However, the hltemational community has left no stone uotumed to find a solution, whe~her within the framework of meetings of the non-aligned coun- tries or of the members of the Organization of the Islamic Conference or on the initiative ofthe European Council, whose proposals are still valjd. 160. In this very Hall, the General Assemb~y called upon the Secretary-General and his personal represen- tative to lend their good offices. We have taken note of and follow attentively the efforts which have been taken by Mr. Perez de Cuellar and Mr. Cordovez in seeking a political solution through what have been called indirect tripartite talks. 160. In this very Hall, the General Assemb~y called upon the Secretary-General and his personal represen- tative to lend their good offices. We have taken note of and follow attentively the efforts which have been taken by Mr. Perez de Cu611ar and Mr. Cordovez in seeking a political solution through what have been called indirect tripartite talks. 161. These efforts must be aimed at finding a solu- tion which is in every respect in accordance with the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and which, may I recall, demand the withdrawal of the foreign troops, recognition of the right to self- determination and the sovereignty of the Afghan people and' the restoration of the non-aligned status of Afghanistan. 161. These efforts must be aimed at finding a solu- tion which is in every respect in accordance with the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and which, may I recall, demand the withdrawal of the foreign troops, recognition of the right to self- determination and the sovereignty of the Afghan people and' the restoration of the non-aligned status of Afghanistan. 162. France fully subscribes to that. We believe that any settlement which departs from the framework laid down in the first three operative paragraphs of the draft resolution that we are discl!ssing today might prove to be simply a sham. 162. France fully subscribes to that. We believe that any settlement which departs from the framework laid down in the first three operative paragraphs of the draft resolution that we are disc1!ssing today might prove to be simply a sham. 163. In conclusion, I should like to say that the Assembly should demonstrate by its vote its de- termination that a genuine political settlement should be arrived at. The crisis in Afghanistan is serious. It can be ended only by a prompt settlement based on the principles of the Charter and on the strict implementa- tion of the resolutions of the Assembly. Only thus can the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political inde- pendence of Afghanistan be restored, the suffering of 163. In conclusion, I should like to say that the Assembly should demonstrate by its vote its de- termination that a genuine political settlement should be arrived at. The crisis in Afghanistan is serious. It can be ended only by a prompt settlement based on the principles of the Charter and on the strict implementa- tion of the resolutions of the Assembly. Only thus can the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political inde- pendence of Afghanistan be restored, the suffering of 164. In order to contribute to such a political settle- ment, the French delegation accordingly, as in previous years, supports the draft resolution before the As- sembly.

If there is anything to be learned from the debates that have taken place at the United Nations concerning agenda item 25 and the resolutions that have been adopted on that item, it is that neither those debates nor those resolutions have contributed to the solution of the problems which have arisen in the region of South-West Asia. On the contrary, by providing a forum for propaganda and thunderous statements, these public discussions have only worsened the atmosphere among the countries con- cerned and have not facilitated the creation of the conditions necessary for seeking a satisfactory so- lution.

If there is anything to be learned from the debates that have taken place at the United Nations concerning agenda item 25 and the resolutions that have been adopted on that item, it is that neither those debates nor those resolutions have contributed to the solution of the problems which have arisen in the region of South-West Asia. On the contrary, by providing a forum for propaganda and thunderous statements, these public discussions have only worsened the atmosphere among the countries con- cerned and have not facilitated the creation of the conditions necessary for seeking a satisfactory so- lution. 166. The United Nations can play a positive role in promoting such a solution, as the Secretary-Gen- eral's report indicates. That report describes many. visits and in-depth, constructive exchanges of views with the leaders ofthe countries ofthe region. We note, in particular, the discussions held last June in Geneva between the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Pakistan and Afghanistan, through the intermediary of the personal representative of the Secretary-General, with which Iran was indirectly associated through its rep- resentative at the United Nations Office at Geneva. The report also reveals the intention ofthe participants to pursu(.~ the diplomatic process with a view to achieving a comprehensive settlement of the problems involving South-West Asia. We welcome the Sec- retary-General's readiness to continue his efforts to that end, efforts that are far more promising than the futile, sterile debates and pointless resolutions on the question produced thus far by the world Organ- ization. . 166. The United Nations can play a positive role in promoting such a solution, as the Secretary-Gen- eral's report indicates. That report describes many, visits and in-depth, constructive exchanges of views with the leaders ofthe countries ofthe region. We note, in particular, the discussions held last June in Geneva between the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Pakistan and Afghanistan, through the intermediary of the personal representative of the Secretary-General, with which Iran was indirectly associated through its rep- resentative at the United Nations Office at Geneva. The report also reveals the intention ofthe participants to pursu(.~ the diplomatic process with a view to achieving a comprehensive settlement of the problems involving South-West Asia. We welcome the Sec- retary-General's readiness to continue his efforts to that end, efforts that are far more promising than the futile, sterile debates and pointless resolutions on the question produced thus far by the world Organ- ization. ' 167. We continue to believe-and that belief is based on the specific facts of the case and the real situation in the area-that the present difficulties in that geographic region result essentially from the constant interference in the internal affairs of the Demo- cratic Republic of Afghanistan from abroad-both from neighbouring and distant countries-by those who have no interest in permitting the stabilization of the situation in the region. More and more, we see that the inevitable difficulties accompanying historical turning-points like that which took place in Afghanistan in 1978 are being seized on as a pretext by those who desire the overthrow of the democratic Afghan regime and who continue to present the situation in and around that country in simplistic terms of a struggle between "freedom fighters" and a Government accused- of being repressive and having sold out to a foreign Power. 167. We continue to believe-and that belief is based on the specific facts of the case and the real situation in the area-that the present difficulties in that geographic region result essentially from the constant interference in the internal affairs of the Demo- cratic Republic of Afghanistan from abroad-both from neighbouring and distant countries-by those who have no interest in permitting the stabilization of the situation in the region. More and more, we see that the inevitable difficulties accompanying historical turning-points like that which took place in Afghanistan in 1978 are being seized on as a pretext by those who desire the overthrow of the democratic Afghan regime and who continue to present the situation in and around that country in simplistic terms of a struggle between "freedom fighters" and a Government accused- of being repressive and having sold out to a foreign Power. 168. We call on all those who sincerely believe themselves to be in favour of progress, democracy and justice to consider the nature of the political elements facing each other in that region, and espe- cially within Afghanistan itself, and to take a broader view of events, to appreciate the facts of the situa- 168. We call on all those who sincerely believe themselves to be in favour of progress, democracy and justice to consider the nature of the political elements facing each other in that region, and espe- cially within Afghanistan itself, and to take a broader view of events, to appreciate the facts of the situa- 170. We note that Afghanistan has made many signs of good will and has shown understanding towards its neighbours, while displaying flexibility regarding the means of resolving the thorny problems which exist among them. Its proposals and initiatives over the last two years bear witness to the Afghan Govern- ment's sincere efforts to arrive at specific agreements directed towards a political settlement. We are deeply convinced that if the necessary political will and realism exist on both sides, there can be no insur- mountable obstacles in the way of a settlement that would respect the territorial sovereignty and national independence of each of the participants. 170. We note that Afghanistan has made many signs of good will and has shown understanding towards its neighbours, while displaying flexibility regarding the means of resolving the thorny problems which exist among them. Its proposals and initiatives over the last two years bear witness to the Afghan Govern- ment's sincere efforts to arrive at specific agreements directed towards a political settlement. We are deeply convinced that if the necessary political will and realism exist on both sides, there can be no insur- mountable obstacles in the way of a settiement that would respect the territorial sovereignty and national independence of each of the participants. 171. In its international activities, Hungary tries to make its modest contribution to the establishment of the climate indispensable to movement towards a positive solution. During the visit to Budapest, at the beginning of October, of adelegation from the Peo- pie's Democratic Party of Afghanistan and the Revo- lutionary Council of the Democratic Republic of Af- ghanistan, led by Babrak Karmal, General Secretary of the Party and President of the Revolutionary Coun- cil, questions concerning South-West Asia were broached, and the Hungarian side expressed its sup- port for the policy of consolidating the gains of the revolution of April 1978 and for efforts to achieve a political settlement ofthe situation in that region of the world. 171. In its international activities, Hungary tries to make its modest contribution to the establishment of the climate ir.dispens~ble to movement towards a positiv~ solution. During the visit to Budapest, at the beginning of October, of adelegation from the Peo- pie's Democratic Party of Afghanistan and the Revo- lutionary Council of the Democratic Republic of Af- ghanistan, led by Babrak Karmal, General Secretary of the Party and President of the Revolutionary Coun- cil, questions concerning South-West Asia were broached, and the Hungarian side expressed its sup- port for the policy of consolidating the gains of the revolution of April 1978 and for efforts to achieve a political settlement ofthe situation in that region of the world. 172. While there is a long way to go before peace and security return to the region, we think that, with perseverence. and good will, positive results can be achieved. In order to do so, the methods and means that have served so well in establishing and main- taining a constructive dialogue between the coun- tries concerned should be further employed and used to the full in the interest of peace, not only in South- West Asia, but in the whole world. 172. While there is a long way to go before peace and security return to the region, we think that, with perseverence and good will, positive results can be achieved. In order to do so, the methods and means that have served so well in establishing and main- taining a constructive dialogue between the coun- tries concerned should be further employed and used to the full in the interest of peace, not only in South- West Asia, but in the whole world. 173. Draft resolution A/37/L.38, like that submitted last year, emphasizes premises which strikingly fail to take account of the interrelation of the facts of the regional situation in which events are taking place. Furthermore, the draft resolution continues to ad- vocate means of settlement which are clearly in- capable of producing a just solution to the situation in South-West Asia and to ensure respect for the legiti- mate interests of all the parties concerned. That is why my delegation cannot support this draft resolution. 173. Draft resolution A/37/L.38, like that submitted last year, emphasizes premises which strikingly fail to take account of the interrelation of the facts of the regional situation in which events are taking place. Furthermore, the draft resolution continues to ad- vocate means of settlement which are clearly in- capable of producing a just solution to the situation in South-West Asia and to ensure respect for the legiti- mate interests of all the parties concerned. That is why my delegation cannot support this draft resolution.

The representative ofPakistan has asked to speak in exercise of the right of reply.

The representative ofPakistan has asked to speak in exercise of the right of reply. The meeting rose at 6./5 p.m. The meeting rose at 6./5 p.m. NOTES NOTES I Bulletin ofthe European Communities, No. 6, 1981, para. 1,1.13. I Bulletin ofthe European Communities. No. 6, 1981, para. 1.1.13. 3 Ibid.• Thirty-sixth Year. Supplemellt for July. August and Sep- tember 1981. document S/14649. 3 Ibid., lhirty-sixth Year, Supplement for July, August and Sep- tember 1981. document S/14649. 4 Treaty of Friendship, Good-neighbourliness and Co-opera- tion between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, done at Moscow on 5 Decem- ber 1978. 4 Treaty of Friendship, Good-neighbourliness and Co-opera- tion between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, done at Moscow on 5 Decem- ber 1978.