A/37/PV.81 General Assembly

For the fourth time the general Assembly is considering the situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and secu- rity. It is disturbing for law-abiding countries that adhere to the Charter of the United Nations and believe in the effectiveness of the Organization to se") how the resolutions of the General Assembly, its decisions and its appeals are ignored sometimes by one Or more of the major military Powers, as though the mandates and conclusions of this intematioQal forum applied only to small countries and were binding on them alone, while the major Powers reserve the right to heed them or not, according tu whether or not it suits their aims of territorial expansion or political domination.

For the fourth time the general Assembly is considering the situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and secu- rity. It is disturbing for law-abiding countries that adhere to the Charter of the United Nations and believe in the effectiveness of the Organization to se") how the resolutions of the General Assembly, its decisions and its appeals are ignored sometimes by one or more of the major military Powers, as though the mandates and conclusions of this intemation.al forum applied only to small countries and were binding on them alone, while the major Powers reserve the right to heed them or not, according te whether or not it suits their aims of territorial expansion or political domination. 2. It is even more surprising when we see how the economic and political interests ofa great Power which is waging war directly or through a proxy in a neigh- bouring country, in order to impose a particular system ofgovernment which is an extension ofits own system, persists in maintaining, backed up by a chorus of its satellites using identical language, that this item should not be considered by the United Nations because it is an internal matter which concerns only Afghanistan, as though war and peace were not the very fabric and substance; the raison d'etre, of the United Nations. 2. It is even more surprising when we see how the economic and political interests ofa great Power which is waging war directly or through a proxy in a neigh- bouring country, in order to impose a particular system ofgovernment which is an extension ofits own system, persists in maintaining, backed up by a chorus of its satellites using identical language, that this item should not be considered by the United Nations because it is an internal matter which concerns only Afghanistan, as though war and peace were not the very fabric and substance; the raison d'etre, of the United Nations. 3. The presence of more than 100,000 foreign troops in action in Afghanistan i3 acknowledged. Since Af- ghanistan is not, as least not yet, an annexed country or territory, how can it be claimed that the question of Afghanistan is an internal question that concerns that country alone? It is acknowledged that more than 3 million refugees from Afghanistan have fled the war and political persecution and are now in Pakistan, Iran and elsewhere, with all the resulting misery and difficulties that immigration of that nature entails for those countries. How can it be claimed that this is a trumped-up question that should not take up the time of the Assembly because it concerns exclusively the in- ternal affairs of a country? Why go on falsifying the truth? War is raging in Afghanistan. The United Nations has requested the withdrawal offoreign troops in repeated resolutions over the past three years. 3. The presence of more than ]00,000 foreign troops in action in Afghanistan i3 acknowledged. Since Af- ghanistan is not, as least not yet, an annexed·country or territory, how can it be claimed that the question of Afghanistan is an internal question that concerns that country alone? It is acknowledged that more than 3 million refugees from Afghanistan have fled the war and political persecution and are now in Pakistan, Iran and elsewhere, with all the resulting misery and difficulties that immigration of that nature entails for those countries. How can it be claimed that this is a trumped-up question that should not take up the time of the Assembly because it concerns exclusively the in- ternal affairs of a country? Why go on falsifying the truth? War is raging in Afghanistan. The United Nations has requested the withdrawal offoreign troops in repeated resolutions over the past three years. Friday, 26 November /982, at 3.30 p.m. NEW YORK The will of the United Nations has been disregarded. Those are the facts. 4. The violation of law, however prolonged, never becomes lawful. And unlawful and armed intervention against a people, in order to compel it through violence and war to accept certain principles of ideology or of government, howeverprolonged, cannot nullify resolu- tions of the United Nations that have repeatedly called for the withdrawal offoreign troops and respect for the self-determination of a people to pursue its own destiny, independent of the interests or the aims o~ neighbouring Powers. 5. The representative of the Government of Afghani- stan has spoken in the Geneva Assembly [78th meeting] of the reforms that his country's new regime has been carrying out as the war goes on; among them, he has mentioned, for example, that land has been given to 300,000 peasants. It may be assumed that this is the same land which was taken away from the 3 million refugees who hav~ had to flee the country; this does not mean that land reforms have been carried out, but that acts of plunder have taken place, by changing the ownership of the land and transferring it to the friends of the new Government; it means replacing the many with the few, to the detriment of the economy and of law. Are the other reforms similar? This might not be a subject of concern to the United Nations if these changes reflected a free and sovereign decision of a country and a people, in this case Afghanistan. What is unacceptable is that, with the support of foreign troops, the principle of the self-determination of peoples is being violated. 6. Colombia, as a law-abiding State which is truly democratic and free, has always defended the prin- ciples of the legal equality of States and of non-inter- vention. From its very first statements, both in the Security Council and the General Assembly, my country has therefore upheld the principles which are reflected in draft resolution A/37/L.38~ of which my country is a sponsor and which was introduced by the representative of Pakistan at the 78th meeting. 5. The representative of the Government of Af stan has spoken in the Geneva Assembly [78th me of the reforms that his country's new regime has carrying out as the war goes on; among them has mentioned, for example, that land has been gi 300,000 peasants. It may be assumed that this same land which was taken away from the 3 m refugees who hav~had to flee the country; this not mean that land reforms have been carrie but that acts of plunder have taken place, by cha the ownership of the land and transferring it friends of the new Government; it means replaci many with the few, to the detriment of the eco and of law. Are the other reforms similar? This not be a subject of concern to the United Nati these changes reflected a free and sovereign decis a country and a people, in this case Afghan What is unacceptable is that, with the supp foreign troops, the principle of the self-determi of peoples is being violated. 6. Colombia, as a law-abiding State which is democratic and free, has always defended the ciples of the legal equality of States and of non vention. From its very first statements, both Security Council and the General Assembly country has therefore upheld the principles are reflected in draft resolution A/37/L.38: of my country is a sponsor and which was intro by the representative of Pakistan at the 78th me 7. It is with deep con"ern that my dele expresses the belief that if any of the great P can venture to disregard the mandate of the U Nations, it will' not be long before this very s foruE1, founded in the defence of peace and standing among peoples, is damaged to the po being unable to accomplish its task. If law do prevail, force will be the only rule; and that lead us, perhaps quickly, to world-wide militar flicts which ~ould wipe out the human race. 7. It is with deep conr~~rn that my delegation expresses the belief that if any of the great Powers can venture to disregard the mandate of the United Nations, it wilf not be long before this very special forum, founded in the defence of peace and under- standing among peoples, is damaged to the point of being unable to accomplish its task. If law does not prevail, force will be the only rule; and that would lead us, perhaps quickly, to world-wide military con- flicts which ~ould wipe out the human race. 8. Nevertheless, we believe that we see a light and hope in the report of the Secretary-G [A/37/482] concerning the talks held to seek a p solution of this serious problem. My delegation A/37/ 8. Nevertheless, we believe that we see a ray of light and hope in the report of the Secretary-General [A/37/482] concerning the talks held to seek a political solution of this serious problem. My delegation ~opes 16. In any part of the world where there to transform the social conditions imp imperialists, the imperialists use every r able to prevent this attenapt. 17. This is the experience of all socia in our day. This is also the case of Afg Democratic Republic of Afghanistan entitled to take every measure that it d in order to ensure its defence. 18. Ever since this item was brough General Assembly for its consideration tion has denounced the outright manip events in Afghanistan by the United State to conceal their cynical support for th national forces and to promote their ow policy and make a smokescreen for the cal and m~ral crisis. 17. This is the experience of all social revolutions in our day. This is also the case of Afghanistan. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan is therefore entitled to take every measure that it deems relevant in order to ensure its defence. 18. Ever since this item was brought before the General Assembly for its consideration, our delega- tion has dencunced the outright manipulation of the events in Afghanistan by the United States imperialists to conceal their cynical support for the worst inter- national forces and to promote their own warmonger policy and make a smokescreen for their own politi- cal and moral crisis. 19. We have stated that Cuba would a -as it has done by shedding its ow right of peoples to sovereignty and th never provide grist for the mill of rea perialism. We have made it clear that: "We shall not vote against socialism accomplices of zionism, which murde nians and aims at dismembering the We refuse to be counted among the South Africa and with those who 572 new, additional atomic missiles di the Soviet Union. Because we are deeD of the meaning of socialism and that o because we know the historic role Union and of United States imperial vote today against that imperialism a policy; and, in so doing, we shall unshakable faith in the right of peo sovereignty, in internationalism and the true and definitive future of mank 19. We have stated that Cuba would always support -as it has done by shedding its own blood-~he right of peoples to sovereignty and that we would never provide grist for the mill of reaction and im- perialism. We have made it clear that: ••We shall not vote against socialism and with the accomplices of zionism, which murders the Palesti- nians and aims at dismembering the Arab nation. We refuse to be counted among the supporters of South Africa and with those who would install 572 new, additional atomic missiles directed against the Soviet Union. Because we are deeDly convinced of the meaning of socialism and that of imperialism, because we know the historic role of the Soviet Union and of United States imperialism, we shall vote today against that imperialism and against its policy; and, in so doing, we shall reaffirm our unshakable faith in the right of peoples to their . sovereignty, in internationalism and in socialism, the true and definitive future of mankind."I 20. As President of the Movement of Countries, Cuba has from the very outse intere~ted in contributing to the decreas South-West Asia and in the achievemen stability in that region on the basis of and objectives of the policy of non-al ticularly respect for the sovereign integrity and non-intervention in the i of States. 20. As President of the Movement of Non-Aligned' Countries, Cuba has from the very outset always been interested in contributing to the decrease of tension in South-West Asia and i"n the achievement of peace and stability in that region on the basis of the principles and objectives of the policy of non-alignment, par- ticularly respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-intervention in the internal affairs of States. 21. At the Sixth Conference of Head Government ofNon~AlignedCountries, h in September 1979, the President of t State and of the Government of the Rep 21. At the Sixth Conference of Heads of State or Government ofNon-Aligned Countries, held in Havana in September 1979, the President of the Council of State and of the Government of the Republic of Cuba 24. We believe that the way to a solution can be found in the continuation of dialogue and that Mem- ber States have a duty to promote and support it as a contribution to peace in that region and in the world at large. 25. Because we consider that draft resolution A/37/ L.38 does not contribute to that end, my delegation will vote against it. 24. We believe that the way to a solution can be found in the continuation of dialogue and that Mem- ber States have a duty to promote and support it as a contribution to peace in that region and in the world at large. 25. Because we consider that draft resolution A/37/ L.38 does not contribute to that end, my delegation will vote against it.

This year again~ against the will of the Dt~mocratic Repub- lic of Afghanistan, a Member of the United Nations, the General Assembly has been forced into a con- sideration of the so-called situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and secu- rity, thus once again seriously violating paragraph 7 of Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations, which states that:

This year again~ against the will of the Dt.~mocratic Repub- lic of Afghanistan, a Member of the United Nations, the General Assembly has been forced into a con- sideration of the so-called situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and secu- rity, thus once again seriously violating paragraph 7 of Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations, which states that: "Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in mat- ters which are essentially with~i~ the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require tn", Mem- bers to submit such matters to settlement under the pr.:lsent Charter;" . 27. My delegation would like to reaffirm once more its position of principle that the internal affairs of Afghanistan concern only the people and the Govern- ment of Afghanistan and that no one has the right, on whatever pretext, to interfere in them. "Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in mat- ters which are essentially with~i~ the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require tn", Mem- bers to submit such matters to settlement under the prJsent Charter;" . 28. In requesting the inclusion of this item on the agenda of the General Assembly two years ago, the sponsors claimed that the situation in Afghanistan constituted a threat to international peace and secu- rity. Hence, it is important; on the basis of the real facts during recent years, to analyse that situation and to see how it constitutes a threat to international peace and security. 27. My delegation would like to reaffirm once more its position of principle that the internal affairs of Afghanistan COYlcern only the people and the Govern- ment of Afghanistan and that no one has the right, on whatever pretext, to interfere in them. 28. In requesting the inclusion of this item on the agenda of the General Assembly two years ago, the sponsors claimed that the situation in Afghanistan constituted a thr:eat to international peace and secu- rity. Hence, it is important; on the basis of the real facts during recent years, to analyse that situation and to see how it constitutes a threat to international peace and security. 29. What has been accomplished by the valiant Afghan people since April 1978 in its national demo- cratic revolution was eloquently and exhaustively explained at the 65th meeting of the thirty-fIfth ses- sion by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Demo- cratic Republic of Afghanistan and was reaffirmed by Mr. Zarif in his statement at the 78th meeting of the present session. 29. What has been accomplished by the valiant Afghan people since April 1978 in its national demo- cratic revolution was eloquently and exhaustively explained at the 65th meeting of the thirty-fIfth ses- sion by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Demo- cratic Republic of Afghanistan and was reaffirmed by Mr. Zarif in his statement at the 78th meeting of the present session. 30. All that can be said is that the Afghan people, under the leadership of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, has resolutely chosen the path of democracy and social progress in order to rescue its countr~' from backwardness and underdevelopment arid to build a new and just society. The primary goal of its struggle is the material and moral improvement of the living standards of the popular masses. 30. All that can be said is that the Afghan people, under the leadership of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, has resolutely chosen the path of democracy and social progress in order to rescue its countr~' from backwardness and underdevelopment artd to build a new and just society. The primary goal of its struggle is the material and moral improvement of the living standards of the popular masses. 33. Naturally, such changes are unwelcome not on 'to the feudal lords and .Breat landowners, and certain categories of people who yearn to recov privileges unjustly acquired under the old regime, b also to imperialism and international reaction, becau they constitute serious obstacles to their sinist designs, which involve maintaining Afghanistan in th sphere of influence and domination at all costs. 33. Naturally, such changes are unwelcome not only .to the feudal lords and .Breat landowners, and to certain categories of people who yearn to recover privileges unjustly acquired under the old regime, but also to imperialism and international reaction, because they constitute serious obstacles to their sinister designs, which involve maintaining Afghanistan in their sphere of influence and domination at all costs. 34. That is why the forces of imperialism and inte national reaction seek to oppose these changes by means, and particularly by overtly assisting t Afghan counter-revolutionaries in their activr.ties sabotage against the Afghan Government and peop Thus, through these armed bands, whose bases operation are located in neighbouring countrie imperialist circles· and international reactionari are not merely interfering in the internal affairs the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan; they a waging an out-and-out undeclared war against th country. These are the acts which threaten the sec rity of Afghanistan and which constitute a source tension in the region. It was to counter that thre that the Government of the Democratic Repub of Afghanistan appealed to the Soviet Union f agsistance under artide 4 of the Treaty of Frien ship, Good-neighbourliness and Co-operation b tween the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and t Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, of 5 Decemb 1978. 34. That is why the forces of imperialism and inter- national reaction seek to oppose these changes by all means, and particularly by overtly assisting the Afghan counter-revolutionaries in their activr.ties of sabotage against the Afghan Government and people. Thus, through these armed bands, whose bases of operation are located in neighbouring countries, imperialist circles and international reactionaries are not merely interfering in the internal affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan; they are waging an out-and-out undeclared war against that country. These are the acts which threaten the secu- rity of Afghanistan and which constitute a source of tension in the region. It was to counter that threat that the Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan appealed to the Soviet Union for agsistance under artide 4 of the Treaty of Friend- ship, Good-neighbourliness and Co-operation be- tween the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, of 5 December 1978. 35. For three years there were constant deman for the unconditional withdrawal of the Soviet troo from Afg'hanistan, while the armed attacks against t Democratic Republic ofAfghanistan and otherforms interference by certain countries in the internal affa of that country were passed over in silence. T presence of the Soviet military contingent in Afgha stan is in keeping with Article 51 of the Charter a international law. Since the establishment ofthe Unit Nations, several members of the capitalist camp ha reacted in the same way by invoking that Artic and no fuss was made about it. So why this desire deny Afghanistan a right that was recognized as bei possessed by othercountries? Why this desire to refu the Afghan people the right to appeal to. its frien to defend its most precious property, that is, revolutionary advances, while it is accepted th certain countries may declare to be part oftheir "vi interests" the riches of other peoples thousands miles from their borders, and into the bargain arrogate the right to intervene manu militari at a time to defend them? 35. For three years there were constant demands for the unconditional withdrawal of the Soviet troops from Afg'hanistan, while the armed attacks against the Democratic Republic ofAfghanistan and otherforms of interference by certain countries in the internal affairs of that country were passed over in silence. The presence of the Soviet military contingent in Afghani- stan is in keeping with Article 51 of the Charter and international law. Since the establishment ofthe United Nations, several members of the capitalist camp have reacted in the same way by invoking that Article, and no fuss was made about it. So why this desire to deny Afghanistan a right that was recognized as being possessed by othercountries? Why this desire to refuse the Afghan people the right to appeal to its friends to defend its most precious property, that is, its revolutionary advances, while it is accepted that certain countries may declare to be part of their "vital interests" the riches of other peoples thousands of miles from their borders, and into the bargain to arrogate the right to intervene manu militari at any time to defend them? 36. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan h repeatedly stated that the presence of the Sov 36. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan has repeatedly stated that the presence of the Soviet 46. Finally, the imperialist circles wa attention of the world public from matters of the present day, particularly the Middle East, where they support repressing the Arab people ofPalestine a aggression against Lebanon and other A in southern Africa, where they supp Pretoria regime in its perpetuation o policy of apartheid, its continued ille of Namibia and its perpetration of act against the front-line African States; America, where they assist decad regimes in repressing the popular mass I 47. Despite all these oHstacles, it is note that negotiations were initiated Foreign Ministers of Afghanistan an Geneva last June under the auspices Cordovez, the personal representativ retary-General. The results of those neg called positive and constructive by th In this regard, my delegation wishes to the Secretary-General and his personal for their efforts to facilitate negotiation two parties in order to achieve a politi I • 47. Despite all these oHstacles, it is encouraging to note that negotiations were initiated between the Foreign Ministers of Afghanistan and Pakistan in Geneva last June under the auspices of Mr. Diego Cordovez, the personal representative of the Sec- retary-General. The results of those negotia.tions were called positive and constructive by the two parties. In this regard, my delegation wishes to pay tribute to the Secretary-General and his personal representative for their efforts to facilitate negotiations between the two parties in order to achieve a political solution. 48. It is our duty to encourage the par the momentum of the diplomatic proc achieve a compreh~nsive solution provide a basis for the establishment bourliness and co-operation between A its neighbours and the strengthening security in the region. 49. Draft resolution A/37/L.38, beca sided nature and i.ts lack of objectivit runs counter to that purpose. Far fr bring about rapprochement between adoption would. on the contrary, re and passions, which in the final analysi complicate the political situation. T delegation will vote against that draft r 48. It is our duty to encourage the parties to maintain the momentum of the diplomatic process in order to achieve a compreh~nsive solution which would provide a basis for the establishment of good-neigh- bourliness and co-operation between Afghanistan and its neighbours and the strengthening of peace and security in the region. 49. Draft resolution A/37/L.38, because of its one- sided nature and i.ts lack of objectivity and realism, runs counter to that purpose. Far from helping to bring about rapprochement between the parties, its adoption would. on the contrary, rekindle distrust and passions, which in the final analysis would further complicate the political situation. Therefore, my delegation will vote against that draft resolution.

Mauritan deep concern the situation in Afghanist of the religion and history that bind us Afghan people, but because ofour inter

Mauritania follows with deep concern the situation in Afghanistan, not because of the religion and history that bind us to the Muslim Afghan people, but because ofour interest in upholding ••Afghanistan marked the commencement of the great march of Soviet social-imperialism towards the south, where the world's greatest resources of energy are found, together with the most important strategic crossroads and fields where the most acute imperialist rivalries collide." 56. It is therefore quite cl~ar that the Soviet Union's invasion ofAfghanistan is not something that happened 63. To this end, they are now using the question of Afghanistan. The United States and the Soviet Union do :: ot hesitate to accuse one another in order tojustify the acts of military aggression they have undertaken against peoples. This is how United States impe- rialism acted when the Soviet Union launched its aggression in Afghanistan. This is how the Soviet Union is now acting against the United States in regard to the encouragement and support given by the latter to the Zionist aggression against Lebanon. 64. The peoples of the world are able to assess what each party expects to gain from such disagreements. They understand how the super-Powers hatch plots and how they exploit situations on the basis of their hegemonistic positions. Although the United States imperialists complain about Soviet aggression in Mghanistan, it was the United States impe~rialists that did not hesitate to start the military aggression against Iran. It was they that encouraged and supported Israel in launching its fascist aggression against Lebanon. 65. By posing as a good friend to the Arab peoples, Soviet social-imperialism feels in an easier position regarding Afghanist.an, espleciaUy now that the aggression against Lebanon has taken priority on the agenda. The creation of such situations provides the super-Powers with the possibility of coming to terms over past, concluded actions against peoples and attempting to hatch plots in other regions, in their own interest, and even undertaking new acts of aggression against the peoples. Every act of armed aggression against the peoples whets the appetites of va- Ied o- he her md he ng ife d. to ge he md ss is be an on he te se ce le eir eir ee he re md is ie a eir a- ng of es

Imagine Afghan haven of peace in a disturbed region, located crossroads ofgreat currents of moral and philo thinking that have inspired mankind since t memorial, a country which made the con non-alignment a decisive factor in its foreign with no annexationist or expansionist am rudely awakened one morning, invaded by troops from one of the biggest Powers in the w principal leaders arrested, imprisoned or mu and you will understand the deep concern of t tral African Republic. 82. Imagine a State Member of the United N whose sovereignty, independence and territo tegrity-the subject ofsacred principles inscrib Charter of the Un;ted Nations-are brazenly and trampled under foot by another State and, in addition, a permanent member of the Council with prim~ry responsibility for mai international peace and security, and you will g serious concern of the United Nations. This w you better to understand the profound signifi its disquiet and concern. 83. This is, in broad terms, the tragic situat prevailing in Afghanistan, which the General A is now considering for the fourth consecutive 84. When we consider this situation, we cann the grim picture of those endless lines of civilians seeking shelter and freedom, fleei homeland, their homes, before the advance deadly steamroller of the Soviet army" N 84. When we consider this situation, we cannot erase the grim picture of those endless lines of Afghan civilians seeking shelter and freedom, fleeing their homeland, their homes, before the advance of the deadly steamroller of the Soviet army. Nor" can 87. For us, developing countries and peoples without military might, the Movement of Non-Aligned Coun- tries is a rampart against the greed ofthe big Powers that divide the world, sheltering us from their hege- monic rivalry. For us, non-alignment constitutes a balance on the world chess-board. For us, member countries, peace is synonymous with freedom,justice, collective and universal solidarity and development, the goal of which is social well-being. Accordingly, the scope of non-aligned actioQ is global and non- selective; it involves all kinds of action that coincide with its principles, and it determines our own stand. Peace also means strict respect for the sovereignty and independence of every Member of the great United Nations family. It should give sustenance to our faith· in the future of mankind and to our deter- mination to contribute effectively to any effort aimed at establishing that peace and guaranteeing it, within the framework of collective responsibility. This is why all non-aligned countries, in a spirit of solidarity and justice, should disapprove and condemn the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Silence would make us accomplices and would encourage the aggressor, which has been pin-pointed with surprising clarity-a clear 87. For us, developing countries and peoples without military might, the Movement of Non-Aligned Coun- tries is a rampart against the greed ofthe big Powers that divide the world, sheltering us from their hege- monic rivalry. For us, non-alignment constitutes a balance on the world chess-board. For us, member countries, peace is synonymous with freedom, justice, collective and universal solidarity and development, the goal of which is social well-being. Accordingly, the scope of non-aligned actiOl~ is global and non- selective; it involves all kinds of action that coincide with its principles, and it determines our own stand. Peace also means strict respect for the sovereignty and independence of every Member of the great United Nations family. It should give sustenance to our faith· in the future of mankind and to our deter- mination to contribute effectively to any effort aimed at establishing that peace and guaranteeing it, within the framework of coHective responsibility. This is why all non-aligned countries, in a spirit of solidarity and justice, should disapprove and condemn the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Silence would make us accomplices and would encourage the aggressor, which has been pin-pointed with surprising clarity-a clear ~ht to with- ll,just ~solu- reaf- e and inter- ~sand Id un- tions, listan t loss day, land vided yand aging llpier, yand ~aring :dom. ltriots fghan Iredly t sub- lffirm an at . The 1 Af- logue ,ed to tions. very )ating n the larac- make their :s the leace leged It is !lat is take :shall from 'egret t the n the :stion 104. The imperialist circles are using a wid of :propaganda methods and psychological to distort the truth of the events surrounding A stan, to disparage the April revolution and aspersions concerning the assistance provide Afghan people by the Soviet Union. It clear that imperialist propaganda, however ticated and unbridled it may be, cannot deceiv public opinion and force the Afghan people to from the patch of social progress which it has 104. The imperialist circles are using a wide range of propaganda methods and psychological warfare to distort the truth of the events surrounding Afghani- stan, to disparage the April revolution and to cast aspersions concerning the assistance provided to the Afghan people by the Soviet Union. It is quite clear that imperialist propaganda, however sophis- ticated and unbridled it may be, cannot deceive world public opinion and force the Afghan people to depart from the patch of social progress which it has chosen. 105. The Mongolian delegation fully shares t that the primary, indeed, the sole caUse of t tinuing tension in the situation surrounding A stan is the constant interference in its interna from outside. Therefore, it is quite obvious t the complete cessation of all forms of interfere guarantee ajust settlement ofthe situation surr Afghanistan. 105. The Mongolian delegation fully shares the view that the primary, indeed, the sole cause of the con- tinuing tension in the situation surrounding Afghani- stan is the constant interference in its internal affairs from outside. Therefore, it is quite obvious that only the complete cessation of all forms of interference can guarantee ajust settlement ofthe situation surrounding Afghanistan. 106. The Government of the Mongolian Republic believes that the most realistic basis settlement and for the normalization of relat tween Afghanistan and its neighbours can be the constructive proposals put forward by the ment of the Democratic Republic of Afghan 15 May 19802 and 24 August 1981.3 106. The Government of the Mongolian People's Republic believes that the most realistic basis for that settlement and for the normalization of relations be- tween Afghanistan and its neighbours can be found in the constructive proposals put forward by the Govern- ment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan on 15 May 19802 and 24 August 1981.3 107. The Democratic Republic of Afghani offered to undertake direct n~gotiations with and Iran, during which mutually acceptabl ments would be worked out on the basis of ciples of good-neighbourliness, non-interfe internal affairs and mutually advantageous c tion. Such agreements would contain concret takings by all sides regarding the inadmiss armed action and any other hostile activity fr territories against each other, as well as ag to promote the free return to their homelan ghans who for various' reasons are in the te of neighbouring States. In order to ensure lasting and comprehensive settlement, the 107. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan has offered to undertake direct negotiations with Pakistan and Iran, during which mutually acceptable agree- ments would be worked out on the basis of the prin- ciples of good-neighbourliness, non-interference in internal affairs and mutually advantageous co-opera- tion. Such agreements would contain concrete under- takings by all sides regarding the inadmissibility of armed action and any other hostile activity froni their territories against each other, as well as agreements to promote the free return to their homeland of Af- ghans who for various· reasons are in the territot:'ies of neighbouring States. In order to ensure a truly lasting and comprehensive settlement, the idea has 108. My delegation welcomes the fact that that round 113. It is difficult for the N of talks was useful and that both sides were in favour to see how continued occupatio of the continuance of the talks. Of course, good will be in the long-term interests and a constructive approach from all parties are neces- Unless there is a renewed com sary for the success of the talks. It is also necessary political solution, we fear that that nothing be done which might complicate the to be on our agenda for a long progress of this process. This is particularly important conflict will continue to sow ac as regards so authoritative an organization as the international relations. United Nations. In this respect, we must note with regret that the draft resolution before the General 114. The Norwegian Govern Assembly contains provisions which are known to be Union to consider seriously w unacceptable to the principal party concerned, the of a political settlement in A Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, and which We cannot promise that aU r essentially amount to interference in that country's that part of the world would internal affairs. The adoption of this draft resolution international situation where would certainly not further the seurch for ways of talking about a crisis-in the U normalizing the situation surrounding Afghanistan. West and North-South relations On the contrary, it would prejudice the incipient and in other fields-we can thi dialogue between the sides. Our delegation therefore that would have a more positiv opposes draft resolution A/37/L.38. co-operation and compromise th jointly to overcome these crise 109. The strong commitment of the Mongolian Peo- ple's Republic to the cause of peace and international 115. We already have a basic security is well known. It has always believed and cal settlement. We have this f continues to believe that the only sensible way to United Nations. Thanks to the settle disputes among States is through political his personal representative for dialogue and negotiations, which must be conducted I should like to pay special tri in a spirit of mutual respect and on the basis of non- been identified as central to the interference in each other's internal affairs. The cal solution to the conflict i Mongolian delegation believes that that is precisely elements include: the withdra how ajust, definitive solution concerning the situation non-interference in the internal surrounding Afghanistan can and must be achieved. national guarantees of non- voluntary return of the refugee 110. Mr. VRAALSEN (Norway): The situation in Afghanistan is on its way to becoming yet another of 116. My Government urges the permanent items on the agenda of the General flict to use the opportunity of Assembly. Almost three years have now passed since sultations with the personal Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan. In spite of several Secretary-General to make a calls and appeals from the General Assembly, those solution to the conflict in A troops still remain in the country. The armed struggle possible. Norway fully support within Afghanistan continues. It is therefore important of the personal representati that in this debate the Assembly take stock of the General. situation in order to make new recommendations on 117. I should like to conclude how the conflict should be settled. about the refugee problem. A 111. The costs of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan people have now fled the confl have been very high. First and foremost, the continued refuge in Iran and Pakistan. occupation and the armed resistance have taken a high largest and most serious refuge toll in }iuman lives. Unless a political settlement is It places a tremendous burden found, this toll will in all probability continue to rise. political-on the receiving cou The continued conflict has brought widespread suf- has received by far the largest fering and destruction to the Afghan society, causing ticularly affected. I should l millions to flee their homes and take refuge in neigh- Norwegian Government, to pa b · . . I I . Pak· people and Government of P OUrIng countrIes, partlcu ar y ID Istan. which they have handled this 112. The conflict in Afghanistan has had serious way, I express our gratitude implications for international peace and security. It has humanitarian relief organizatio

The situation in Afghanistan is on its way to becoming yet another of the permanent items on the agenda of the General Assembly. Almost three years have now passed since Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan. In spite of several calls and appeals from the General Assembly, those troops still remain in the country. The armed struggle within Afghanistan continues. It is therefore important that in this debate the Assembly take stock of the situation in order to make new recommendations on how the conflict should be settled. 111. The costs of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan have been very high. First and foremost, the continued occupation and the armed resistance have taken a high toll in liuman lives. Unless a political settlement is found, this toll will in all probability continue to rise. The continued conflict has brought widespread suf- fering and destruction to the Afghan society, causing millions to flee their homes and take refuge in neigh- bouring countries, particularly in Pakistan. 112. The conflict in Afghanistan has had serious implications for international peace and security. It has 113. It is difficult for the Norwegian Government to see how continued occupation of Afghanistan could be in the long-term interests of the Soviet Union. Unless there is a renewed commitment to finding a political solution, we fear that this item will continue to be on our agenda for a long time; we fear that this conflict will continue to sow acrimony and discord in international relations. 114. The Norwegian Government urges the Soviet Union to consider seriously what the positive effects of a political settlement in Afghanistan would be. We cannot promise that an remaining prob3ems in that part of the world would disappear. But in an international situation where almost everybody is talking about a crisis-in the United Nations, in East- West and North-South relations, in the world economy and in other fields-we can think of few other events that would have a more positive effect on the spirit of co-operation and compromise that is necessary in order jointly to overcome these crises. 115. We already have a basic framework for a politi- cal settlement. We have this framework here in the United Nations. Thanks to the Secretary-General and his personal representative for Afghanistan, to whom I should like to pay special tribute, four issues have been identified as central to the efforts to find a politi- cal solution to the conflict in Afghanistan. These elements include: the withdrawal of foreign troops; non-interference in the internal affairs of States; inter- national guarantees of non-interference; and the voluntary return of the refugees to their homes. 116. My Government urges all parties to the con- flict to use the opportunity of the forthcoming con- sultations with the personal representative of the Secretary-General to make a new effort to find a solution to the conflict in Afghanistan as soon as possible. Norway fully supports the important mission of the personal representative of the Secretary- General. 117. I should like to conclude by saying a few words about the refugee problem. Approximately 3 million people have now fled the conflict and the war to seek refuge in Iran and Pakistan. At present, this is the largest and most serious refugee problem in the world. It places a tremendous burden-social, economic and political-on the receiving countries. Pakistan, which has received by far the largest number, has been par- ticularly affected. I should like, on behalf of the Norwegian Government, to pay special tribute to the people and Government of Pakistan for the way in which they have handled this problem. In the same way, I express our gratitude and admiration to the humanitarian relief organizations working in the area, 118. For its part, Norway has provided more than 50 million Norwegian kroner in humanitarian assist- ance during the last two years, My Government intends to continue and increase this assistance in the future. '

Chile, together with 44 other nations, is spon- soring draft resolution A/37/L.38. vemment Itan could 120. Since that ill-fated month of December 1979, when Soviet troops, armed with tanks and with enormously powerful military equipment, crossed the borders of Afghanistan, occupied its territory and carried out a complete a.nd systematic operation of territorial conquest, the document which we are studying today is the fourth draft resolution which the highest forum in the civilized world-as the Gen- eral Assembly could be called-has had before it on this serious and pressing situation. t Union. finding a continue r that this liscord in

Chile, together with 44 other nations, is spon- soring draft resolution A/37/L.38. 120. Since that ill-fated month of December 1979, when Soviet troops, armed with tanks and with enormously powerful military equipment, crossed the borders of Afghanistan, occupied its territory and carried out a complete and systematic operation of territorial conquest, the document which we are studying today is the fourth draft resolution which the highest forum in the civilized world-as the Gen- eral Assembly could be called-has had before it on this serious and pressing situation. le Soviet V'e effects ould be. ,b]ems in ·1 IIIJII 121. It is a serious situation because nothing could be graver than a flagrant violation of the basic principles of international law and of the United Nations Charter itself: those of non-intervention, the non-use of force and ter.ritorial integrity. ~ut in an ybody is , in East- economy er events e spirit of y in order 122. It is a pressing problem because the flow of refugees into Iran and Pakistan, where there are al- ready more than 3 million, is assuming increasingly dangerous proportions. [ I .1 l 121. It is a serious situation because nothing could be graver than a flagrant violation of the basic principles of international law and of the United Nations Charter itself: those of non-intervention, the non-use of force and ter.ritorial integrity. r a politi- re in the neral and to whom ues have d a politi- n. These rt troops; tes; inter- and the les. the con- ling con- e of the :0 find a soon as It mission ,ecretary- 123. The historic conscience of humanity cannot fail to be aware that the 1979 invasion was facilitated by another event which also constituted open and cruel violation of other equally valuable principles of inter- national law. 122. It is a pressing problem because the flow of refugees into Iran and Pakistan, where there are al- ready more than 3 million, is assuming increasingly dangerous proportions. 124. Hence, it is essential to continue this protest as we condemn and recall the infamous deed and as we make efforts to find a prompt political solution which would restore to Afghanistan and its people their identity as a free, sovereign, non-aligned nation., 123. The historic conscience of humanity cannot fail to be aware that the 1979 invasion was facilitated by another event which also constituted open and cruel violation of other equally valuable principles of inter- national law. 125. We wish in particular to note the efforts that hiive been made in the quest for that political settle- ment by the Secretary-General, who, ever since he took office, has himself and through his personal representative striven to bring about an understanding between the parties concerned. In this connection, we are pleased that, as can be seen from his most recent report, the Secretary-General sees a certain 'degree of initial progress, at least at the diplomatic level, although he points out that the critical stage of implementation has not yet been reached. We sin- cerely hope that his efforts will continue and bear fruit, although we are fully aware of the formidable political obstacles that remain and we have taken note of the discouraging words of the representative of Afghani- stan, who insists on the irreversibility of the process. 124. Hence, it is essential to continue this protest as we condemn and recall the infamous deed and as we make efforts to find a prompt political solution which wouId restore to Afghanistan and its people their identity as a free, sovereign, non-aligned nation., 125. We wish in particular to note the efforts that have been made in the quest for that political settle- ment by the Secretary-General, who, ever since he took office, has himself and through his personal representative striven to bring about an understanding between the parties concerned. In this connection, we are pleased that, as can be seen from his most recent report, the Secretary-General sees a certain 'degree of initial progress, at least at the diplomatic level, although he points out that the critical stage of implementation has not yet been reached. We sin- cerely hope that his efforts will continue and bear fruit, although we are fully aware of the formidable political obstacles that remain and we have taken note of the discouraging words of the representative of Afghani- stan, who insists on the irreversibility of the process. ew words 3 million lr to seek lis is the he world. omic and lfi, which been par- If of the lte to the e way in the same )fi to the the area, 126. In the light of the serious and responsible efforts being made by the Secretary-General and his personal representative, Mr. Cordovez, it is impossible for anyone to continue to hide behind facile words that are now so time-worn that they have become the object of scorn and disdain. 126. In the light of the serious and responsible efforts being made by the Secretary-General and his personal representative, Mr. Cordovez, it is impossible for anyone to continue to hide behind facile words that are now so time-worn that they have become the object of scorn and disdain. 128. What had seemed to be a simple act o tion, like many other such acts carried ou super-Power in other corners of the world come a genuine war of national liberation an entire people has risen up against the a Power and the puppet regime that it protect 129. Unfortunately, that valiant struggl vastly superior forces has exacted an enor of human life and material goods. Entire vill been razed, the economy or the country devastated and more than half a million Afg been wounded or have died. 130. Various resolutions adopted by the Assembly-one after the Security Council prevented from acting because of the u veto-and others adopted by the non-ali Islamic countries and at a number of m international organizations have repeate demned the invasion and occupation of A and have demanded the immediate withdraw aggressor troops. So far, all those appeals publicly disregarded and all that remains is we draw from the tireless work of the General in the search for a peaceful sol from the example of the indomitable valo people of Afghanistan. 131. The Soviet troops, which were ini to number approximately 85,000, now num than 105,000, and recent information indi work has been undertaken at various airpo country so that the strategic positions of th tion troops can be consolidated. 132. Of course, the international commun stand idly by in the face of such defiance explains the attitude taken in the statement this debate by many delegations, includ which continue to note with great concern tion of the situation in Afghanistan and i implications for international peace and sec 133. We have before us, in fact, not only of tragic human dimensions but also a poli whose impact on the peaceful coexisten States is incalculable. We are aware that ou today could be fatal for the future of man particularly the smallest and weakest. we are duty-bound to prevent the triumph of 134. On the basis of these considerations, tion has once again sponsored, along with delegations, a draft resolution [A/37/L.3 offers a realistic and pragmatic alternative fo this serious international crisis. We hop siol1~r for Refugees. These humanitarian efforts shoukd, of course, continue to be supported by the entire international community. 136. Chile rejects the use of force, regardless of the country using it. We do not refrain from con- demnation out of any considerations of friendship or bonds of solidarity, however valuable they may be. In that same resolv~, my country advocatee~ first and foremost. a peaceful setHement of disputes by any of the means established in the Charter and gnshrined in intenu~tiona~ law. 137. We know that th080 are aiso the objectives of the Secretary-General in his difficult undertaking, and we share his sentiments when he states that his own overriding concern will continue to be that the Afghan people be given the opportunity to build their future in peace. and when he assures us that he will not cease to e;\crt his best efforts to achieve that end [see A/37/4B2~ para. Il]. 138. ~~r. LA ROCCA (Italy): The views of the 10 member States of the European Community on the situation in Afghanistan have been expressed in detail by the representative of Denmark in his statement on behalfof th~ Community [79th meeting]. My delegation fully shanes those views. 139. In speaking today, I wish to stress the deep concern of my Govel'nment, of all political forces in Italy without exception and of our general public over the prolongatioil ofa situation wlllich is a clear violation of the princ~ples of the United Nations Charter and which constitutes a major source of tension both in the region affected and in international relations as a whole. 138. ~~r. LA ROCCA (Italy): The views of the 10 member States of the European Community on the situation in Afghanistan have been expressed in detail by the representative of Denmark in his statement on behalf of th~ Community [79th meeting]. My delegation fully shanes those views. 139. In speaking today, I wish to stress the deep concern of my Govel'nmenl, of all political forces in Italy without exception and of our general public over the prolongaHoil ofa situation which is a clear violation of the prindples of the United Nations Charter and which constitutes a major source of tension both in the region affected and in international relations as a Whole. 140. Afghanistan"s military occupation by the Soviet Union, which has now ~asted almost three years in spite of repeated appeals from the Assembly and from other authoritative ~li1ternational bodies, indeed represents a grave ".;iolatit:m of the universally accepted principles ofnon-intervention in tt;:.c~ domestic affairs of sovereign countries, of rr;;spect for their independence and territorial integrity ~.\I1Id of the non-use of force in international relatiorrt~. 140. Afghanistan"s military occupation by the Soviet Union, which has now ~asted almost three years in spite of repeated appeals from the Assembly and from other authoritative ~li1ternational bodies, indeed represel1ts a grave 'Jiolatil~\n of the universally accepted principles ofnon-intervention in tt;)~ domestic affairs of sovereign countries ~ of rr;;spect for their independence arid territorial integrity and of the non-use of force in international relatiorrt'5. 141. The increasing number of Afgfian refugees, noW over 3 million. (heir suffering and the heavy economic, social and political burden they place on neighbourin~countries, as w~H as the massive viola- tion of human righ~,.f repor«~d to occur in Afghanistan as a consequence of the r~pr~ssion of the legitimate aspirations of the Afghan IJleople to freedom and inde- pendence; constitute a trag~~dy which the internationaD community cannot, and does no~, ignore. 141. The increasing number of Afg~an refugees, noW over 3 million. (heir suffering and the heavy economic, social and politicaJ burden they place on )42. In its resolution 35/37, the General Assembly clearly indicated the elements on which a solution should be based in giving the Secretary-General a mal1date to seek such a solution. The resolution neighbourin~ countries, as Vi~H as the massive viola- tion of human righL. repor«~d to occur in Afghanistan as a consequence of the r~pr~ssion of the legitimate aspirations of the Afghan people to freedom and inde- pendence; constitute a trag~~dy which the intemationan community cannot, and does no~, ignore. J42. In its resolution 35/37, the General Assembly clearly indicated the e!em~nB on which a solution should be based in giving the S(~cretary-General a mandate to seek such a solution. The resolution ab~(:\ solution. 144. Accordingly, my delegation will le support to draft resolution A/37/L.38, which the principles providing the basis for a pol tion of the Afghan problem. 145. In this framework, my Governmen continue to extend full support to the General's mission, while confirming its be ready stated by thp.; representative of Den the convening of an international conf Afghanistan such as the one proposed by the Council on 30 June 1981,4 could usefully s the efforts of the Secretary-General by p framework for the achievement of a just an hensive political settlement. 146. The grave violation of the Charter of Nations still going on in Afghanistan d solution of that problem, which can be bas the principles laid down in the resolutio approved by the Assembly: namely, with foreign troops; recognition of the right of people to determine their own future freely out foreign interference; and the creation priate conditions for the return of the r their country and their homes. 147. While we debate here, the suffering ghan people, the massive violation oftheir hu and the repression of their legitimate aspir tinue unabated. ab~(':l solution. 144. Accordingly, my delegation will lend its full support to draft resolution A/37/L.38, which reiterates the principles providing the basis for a political solu- tion of the Afghan problem. 145. In this framework, my Government will also continue to extend full support to the Secretary- General's mission, while confirming its belief, as al- ready stated by th~; representative of Denmark, that the convening of an international conference on Afghanistan such as the one proposed by the European Council on 30 June 1981,4 could usefully supplement the efforts of the Secretary-General by providing a framework for the achievement of a just and compre- hensive political settlement. 146. The grave violation of the Charter of the United Nations still going on in Afghanistan demands a solution of that problem, which can be based only on the principles laid down in the resolutions already approved by the Assembly: namely, withdrawal of- foreign troops; recognition of the right of the Afghan people to determine their own future freely and with- out foreign interference; and the creation of appro- priate conditions for the return of the refugees to their country and their homes. 147. While we debate here, the suffering of the Af- ghan people, the massive violation oftheir human rights and the repression of their legitimate aspirations con- tinue unabated. 148. The Italian Government is convince international community must again stat opposition to such a situation and must clea that it cannot accept o~ acquiesce infails a 149. We therefore urge the members of t Assembly to show once more the same det as in the past by calling for a just settlem tragic crisis in accordance with the pur principles of the Charter. 148. The Italian Government is convinced that the international community must again state its firm opposition to such a situation and must clearly confirm that it cannot accept o~ acquiesce infails accomplis. 150. Mr. AL-ALFI (Democratic Yemen) tation from Arabic): T.he debate by th Assembly on the so-called question of the Afghanistan is basically interference in th affairs of the Democratic Republic of A However, the imperialist forces, through t ganda and political campaign against the A pIe and their aspirations, have initiated t in order to question the national options of people, as they have done earlier by the towards other progressive regimes of natio tion. This is an overt attempt by the 149. We therefore urge the members of the General Assembly to show once more the same determination as in the past by calling for a just settlement of this tragic crisis in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter.

T.he debate by the General Assembly on the so-called question of the situation in Afghanistan is basically interference in the domestic affairs of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. However, the imperialist forces, through their propa- ganda and political campaign against the Afghan peo- ple and their aspirations, have initiated this debate in order to question the national options of the Afghan people, as they have done earlier by their policies towards other progressive regimes of national libera- tion. This is an overt attempt by the imperialist r Mm pn .'. ;,; " 151. World imperialism, and United. States impe- rialism first and foremost, has a long record of acts of aggression allld the use of force, along with flagrant intervention in the domestic affairs of nations and peoples. It cannot deceive our .peoples by shedding tears over Afghanistan and the insecurity and instability in the area or by creating an imaginary enemy. The real danger facing the peoples and nations of our region is the ·intervention in their internal affairs by foreign imperialism and the imperialist and Zionist conspiracy aimed at imposing imperiali'st domination in the area and repressing the national causes of the peoples of the region, foremost among them the national cause of the Palestinian people. 152. The Afghan people, as they marched along the road towards the achievement of their goals, as em- bodied in the principles of the April revolution, and as they constructed their new society, faced many imperialist I;:onspiracies, which man~fested themselves in aggression, subversion and coercion, as well as in large political and propaganda campaigns undertaken by the machinery of imperialism in an attempt to destroy that revolution of the Afghan people. This caused the Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan to ask for aid and support from the Soviet Union in order to confront the imperialist conspiracy and aggression and to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. 152. The Afghan people, as they marched along the road towards the achievement of their goals, as em- bodied in the principles of the April revolution, and as they constructed their new society, faced many imperialist l;:onspiracies, which man~fested themselves in aggression, subversion and coercion, as well as in large political and propaganda campaigns undertaken by the machinery of imperialism in an attempt to destroy that revolution of the Afghan people. This caused the Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan to ask for aid and support from the Soviet Union in order to confront the imperialist conspiracy and aggression and to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. 153. Democratic Yemen confirms its support for the Afghan people, led by the People's Democratic Party, in their struggle to preserve their national indepen- dence and sovereignty and to advance along the road of independent social progress. We see the escalation of tension in the area as a disservice to peace and security and as an obstacle to concerted efforts to ward off the imperialist threat to which our region is exposed. 153. Democratic Yemen confirms its support for the Afghan people, led by the People's Democratic Part}, in their struggle to preserve their national indepen- dence and sovereignty and to advance along the road of independent social progress. We see the escalation of tension in the area as a disservice to peace and security and as an obstacle to concerted efforts to ward off the imperialist threat to which our region is exposed. 154. We do not believe that draft resolution A/371 L.38 serves the cause ofreducing tension in the region. We reaffirm that it is in the common interest of all the nations of the region to turn to dialogue as an important means of contributing to the establishment of peace and security. However, dialogue cannot take place unless all parties refrain from any action that could exacerbate the situation, unless the necessary conditions exist for settling common problems and improving relations among the States of the region on the basis of mutual respect for independence, sover- eignty and territorial'integrity, and unless there is a common commitment to refrain from aggression and intervention. 154. We do not believe that draft resolution A/371 L.38 serves the cause ofreducing tension in the region. We reaffirm that it is in the common interest of all the nations of the region to turn to dialogue as an important means of contributing to the establishment of peace and security. However, dialogue cannot take place unless all parties refrain from any action that could exacerbate the situation, unless the necessary conditions exist for settling common problems and improving relations among the States of the region on the basis of mutual respect for independence, sover- eignty and territorial' integrity, and unless there is a common commitment to refrain from aggression and intervention. 155. In thIS connection, we commend the proposals ~put forward by the Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and reaffirmed in the General Assembly during this debate. We maintain that a .favourable response to those proposals by the other States of the region would be conducive to the settle- - ment of comm('l1 problems and to securing agreement on them. . 155. In this connection, we commend the proposals ',put forward by the Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and reaffirmed in the General Assembly during this debate. We maintain that a favourable response to those proposals by the other States of the region would be conducive to the settle- - ment of commC'1} problems and to securing agreement on them. . .......I'•••IIII••••IIlIMfSll".111:•••lllllll.III'.·._.••l1tJ1l!lr••••YII7.7I1S.Tllr••• III1II1I.V.·III'••J!iM!llIl.rr••••• P.T•••••·.z.n••n.'.".'.3."7;;."7:7.7'.'.t•.•·Il 161. The world will not acquiesce in the/ait accompli established ~y violation of the basic principles of the United Nations Charter. This debate demonstrates once again --~at the world has not forgotten the brutal assault on Atghanistan. It emphasizes that the over- whelming majority of the world Organization is in soli- darity with the oppressed Afghan people and will relentlessly call for the withdrawal of Soviet troops and for a political solution enabling the Afghan people to determine their own form of government and to choose their economic, political and social systems, free from outside intervention, subversion, coercion or constraint of any kind whatsoever. 162. Afghanistan has become a test case of the Soviet ·Union's respect for the independence and national integrity of third-world countries and for its recognition of genuine non-alignment. The con-, tinued occupation of Afghanistan is a dangerous viola- 162. Afghanistan has become a test case of the Soviet ·Union's respect for the independence and national integrity of third-world countries and for its recognition of genuine non-alignment. The con-, tinued occupation of Afghanistan is a dangerous viola- 163. The Federal Republic of Germany stands by the non-aligned countries. Together with them, we urge the Soviet Union to set out as soon as possible on the path to a political solution of the Afghan crisis on the basis of respect for non-alignment, which implies sovereignty, independence and national and cultural identity. We recognize the particular responsibility and commitment that the Islamic and non-aligned States have towards Afghanistan. We will continue to support them. We encourage them not to relax their endeavours. 164. Afghanistan is, furthermore, a test case for the future of a genuine policy ofdetente based on restraint in the pursuit of national interests, on responsibility and on a policy of promoting peace through co-opera- tion. The longer the Soviet Union refuses to respect the rights and aspirations of the people of Afghani- stan, the greater will be the suspicion that it follows, wherever this seems possible without major risk, a strategy of expansion and domination. The lack of restraint demonstrated by the continued occupation of Afghanistan is a challenge to the stability and integrity not only of the region concerned but of the whole family of nations. Apart from affecting the Soviet Union's relations with the non-aligned States, it has had and continues to have serious repercussions on East-West relations as well. 164. Afghanistan is, furthermore, a test case for the future of a genuine policy ofdetente based on restraint in the pursuit of national interests, on responsibility and on a policy of promoting peace through co-opera- tion. The longer the Soviet Union refuses to respect the rights and aspirations of the people of Afghani- stan, the greater will be the suspicion that it follows, wherever this seems possible without major risk, a strategy of expansion and domination. The lack of restraint demonstrated by the continued occupation of Afghanistan is a challenge to the stability and integrity not only of the region concerned but of the whole family of nations. Apart from affecting the Soviet Union's relations with the non-aligned States, it has had and continues to have serious repercussions on East-West relations as well. 165. In the meantime, the tragic plight of the Afghan J"eople continues. It finds its most visible expression in the unending flow of refugees from Afghanistan into neighbouring Pakistan and Iran. The resources of those countries are under a great strain as a result of their provision of food, shelter and security to the Af- ghan refugees. We appreciate the sacrifices which both countries are making in extending their hospitality to a sorely afflicted people. As an expression of solidarity with the Afghan people, the Federal Republic of Germany made available, in the 1981 budgetary year, approximately 60 million deutsche mark as relief for refugees and as funds for refugee-related projects. In addition, my country contributed about $28 million to the emergency aid provided by the European Com- munity. 165. In the meantime, the tragic plight of the Afghan J"eople continues. It finds its most visible expression in the unending flow of refugees from Afghanistan into neighbouring Pakistan and Iran. The resources of those countries are under a great strain as a result of their provision of food, shelter and security to the Af- ghan refugees. We appreciate the sacrifices which both countries are making in extending their hospitality to a sorely afflicted people. As an expression of solidarity with the Afghan people, the Federal Republic of Germany made available, in the 1981 budgetary year, approximately 60 million deutsche mark as relief for refugees and as funds for refugee-related projects. In addition, my country contributed about $28 million to the emergency aid provided by the European Com- munity. 166. A real solution of the humanitarian problems in Afghanistan presupposes, of course, a just and durable political solution. We follow with great interest the persevering efforts of the Secretary-General and his personal representative. They enjoy our full sup- port in ~he search for a political solution in accord- ance with the relevant resolution5 of the General Assembly. 174. The fact that the Secretary-Gene a common understanding among the part 167. The blueprint for such a solution is c{j;itainec on the principles that should underlie th in the draft resolution before us. We shall therefore sive settlement, on the interrelationship vote in favour of it. The Minister tor Foreign Affairs obtain among its component elements an of the Federal Republic of Germany, ]\.1r. Hans-Die- sures that would be required to ensure trich Genscher, said on the occasion of Afghanistan implementation doubtles", indicate the Day, on 1.1 March 1982: "No one who speaks of albeit timid, of progress. However, majo peace, who calls for peace, can remain silent about the still exist, for example regarding the fo war in Afghanistan. Peace for the Afghan people is negotiations and the structure and cont synonymous with peace for all of l!Sq, • prehensive settlement. 166. A real solution of the humanitarian problems in Afghanistan presupposes, of course, a just and durable political solution. We follow with great interest the persevering efforts of the Secretary-General and his personal representative. They enjoy our full sup- port in ~he search for a political solution in accord- ance with the relevant resolution5 of the General Assembly. 167. The blueprint for such a solution is cO;itainec in the draft resolution bef(~re us. We shall therefore vote in favour of it. The Minister tor Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, :Mr. Hans-Die- trich Genscher, said on the occasion of Afghanistan Day, on :?.l March 1982: "No one who speaks of peace, who calls for peace, can remain silent about the war in Afghanistan. Peace for the Afghan people is synonymous with peace for all of l!Sq,• "'- CM I -"'M__!!.I_II. " __!IllJiIII. 170. On three occasions, the General A defined and reaffirmed the nature of that the situation which has prevailed in for three years concerns, on the one ha of the principle of non-intervention in affairs of other States and, on the oth respect the principle of the sovereignty o

It is almost 'three years now since Afghanistan was added to the list of pockets of tension whose persistence has contributed to the growing deteriora- tion of the international climate. 171. Afghanistan was invaded by forei 170. On three occasions, the General Assembly has defined and reaffirmed the nature of the problem: that the situation which has prevailed in that country for three years concerns, on the one hand, violation of the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of other States and, on the other, failure to respect the principle of the sovereignty of States. De~ember 1979 and continues to this da jected to military occupation. The contin of those troops and the massive exodus 3 million Afghan nationals to neighbour constitute a threat to peace in the region national security. 172. At its three previous sessions, the sembly, recalling the principles that hav lenged, set out the measures that were the restoration of peace and stability t tried country. It called in particular for th of the foreign troops from that country tion to the Afghan people of their ina to determine their own future without ference or constraint, and the cfeat negotiations among the parties conce necessary conditions which would enabl refugees to return to their homes. The A defined the best framework within which and comprehensive solution to this pain We are forced to note, however, that has hardly improved since then, for the A continue to pay a high price for recogn right to sovereignty and peace. 171. Afghanistan was invaded by foreign troops in De~ember 1979 and continues to this day to be sub- jected to military occupation. The continued presence of those troops and the massive exodus of more than 3 million Afghan nationals to neighbouring countries constitute a threat to peace in the region and to inter- national security. 172. At its three previous sessions, the General As- sembly, recalling the principles that have been chal- lenged, set out the measures that were necessary for the restoration of peace and stability to that sorely tried country. It called in particular for the withdrawal of the foreign troops from that country, the restora- tion to the Afghan people of their inalienable right to determine their own future without outside inter- ference or constraint, and the cfeation, through negotiations among the parties concerned, of the necessary conditions which would enable the Afghan refugees to return to their homes. The Assembly thus defined the best framework within which to seek ajust and comprehensive solution to this painful problem. We are forced to note, however, that the situation has hardly improved since then, for the Afghan people continue to pay a high price for recognition of their right to sovereignty and peace. 173. It is true that, at the diplomatic positive signs can be discerned. Indeed, in months the consultation machinery estab Secretary-Geneml-whom we congrat efforts and initiatives-has made possib ning of a process which we should Furthermore, the support voiced by a concerned for the continuance of the Se eral's efforts to facilitate negotiations f settlement is encouraging. 173. It is true that, at the diplomatic level, some positive signs can be discerned. Indeed, in the past two months the consultation machinery established by the Secretary-Generq,l-whom we congratulate on his efforts and initiatives-has made possible the begin- ning of a process which we should all welcome. Furthermore, the support voiced by all the parties concerned for the continuance of the Secretary-Gen- eral's efforts to facilitate negotiations for a political settlement is encouraging. 174. The fact that the Secretary-General has noted a common understanding among the parties concerned on the principles that should underlie the comprehen- sive settlement, on the interrelationship that should obtain among its component elements and on the mea- sures that would be required to ensure its effective implementation doubtles", indicate the beginnings, albeit timid, of progress. However, major divergences still exist, for example regarding the formula for the negotiations and the structure and content of a com- prehensive settlement. 178. It is on the strength of these considerations that, this year again, Senegal has co-sponsored draft resolution A/37/L.38, which we believe represents a constructive effort to bring about a peaceful solution of the Afghan problem. Indeed, it contains elements which ar~ likely to facilitate negotiations among the parties concerned, and the whole draft is based on the fundamental principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Adoption ofthe draft resolution would be an expression of our desire for a peaceful, negoti- ated settlement of the problem. It would demonstrate our concern to preserve peace in this region. Fil'ially, it would show our determination to ensure the primacy of right, justice and legality over force and the Giilter- ests of power.

It is cause for profound regret and concern that it is necessary for the General Assembly again to consider the situation in Afghanistan. It is tragic that all the international t:fforts to achieve a just solution to this crisis have so far produced no con- crete results. In his statement in the General Assem- bly on 27 September [6th meeting], the Canadian Deputy Prime Minj~(er and Secretary OF State for External Re Jations noted, as have most c~;:.:( represen- tatives, the sharp contradiction betwe;l1 the pur- poses and principles nt ~he Charter of the United Natbns and the occupal.· lD of Afghanh;tan by Soviet troops. The Soviet Union continues to v:olate ttlle sovereignty of Afghanistan and ignore the m.any resro- i~tions .adopted by the General Assembly and oth~r intert'.ational organizations. It is my Govemment'§ profound hope that the new Soviet leadership will heed the voice of world opinion and move positively to resolve a situation which is so damaging to the cause of peace, good order and international detente. 1.80. We are all familiar with the history of this subject, which began in I~Lte 1979 with direct armed intervention by the Sov~et Union. That intervention has since met with the sustained resistance of the Afghan people to this attempt to impose an alien -system of government upon it. The Soviet Union has sought to expand its sphere of direct control by ma~)- i~tions .adopted by the General Assembly and oth~r prc~ess undoubtedly lies ahead, and major differences intek'"!'.ational organiza~ions. It is my Government's must be bridged for these efforts to bear fruit" [see profound hope that the new Soviet leadership will A/37/482, para. 10]. heed the voice of world opinion and move positively to resolve a situation which is so damaging to the cause of peace, ~ood order and international detente. j~4. It is the sincere hope of my Government that the new Soviet leadership will recognize the realities of the Afghanistan situation and will make a genuine effort to seek a political settlement. It is clear that the Soviet armed intervention has been unsuc~ cessful in reconciling the people of Afghanistan to a fundamentally alien system of government. In fact, popular resistance continues to grow, exacting a high taU not only among the Afghans but also among the 1.80. We are all familiar with the history of this subject, which began in I~Lte 1979 with direct armed intervention by the Sov~et Union. That intervention has since met with the sustained resistance of the Afghan people to this attempt to impose an alien -system of government upon it. The Soviet Union has sought to expand its sphere of direct control by mar,- • "".' ""'._ • 'lI. • ..::. .. ~"'''':-~'''' ~"';;' .. '!,..... "l. ", .' ..... " • .. • ~,~,rious refugee situation in the world today. The rising death toll and the destruction of the homes and crops of the civilian popultl'.tion only increase the misery of the people and lead to a further exodus. 182. Tbe draft resolution now before us stresses the hardships suffered by the refugees and the con- siderable social and economic problems confronting Pakistan and Iran owing to the continuing increase in their numbers. My Government supports the re- newed appeal in this draft resolution for an increase in humanitarian relief assistance to alleviate the sut:. fering. Canada has already made substantial con- tributions to the assistance operations for Afgh~n refugees and durifig the current fiscal year will con- tribute some $18.5 milliDn in food am' other forms of humanitarian assistance. 183. It is clear that only a political so~ution can end the Afghan. problem. Such a sc~ut~on must invplve recognitiorl of the traditional independence and non- aligned character of Mghanr stan and the right of the Afghan people to choose their own politic~l, social and economic system. The caU m the draft resolution for withdrawal of the f\\lreign troops from Afghanistan is clear ..elx'gi'1ition that the Soviet occupation mus! end, as' the pre-condltion of any satisfactory political solution and of th~l voluntary return ofrefugeer:; to their homes in safety and honour. In assessing the prospects for a political solution, we must recognize the relevance ofthe comment of the Secretary-General that, while the Geneva round of discussions on Afghanistan gives cause for encourage- m~nt, "the most critical stage of the diplomatic prc~ess undoubtedly lies ahead, and major differences must be bridged for these efforts to bear fruit" [see A/37/482, para. 10]. i~4. It is the sincere hope of my Government that the new Soviet leadership will recognize the realities of the Afghanistan situation and will make a genuine effort to seek a political settlement. It is clear that the Soviet armed intervention has been unsuc~ cessful in reconciling the people of Afghanistan to a fundamentally alien system of government. In fact, popular resistance continues to grow, exacting a high toll not only among the Afghans but also among the , - - - - . . . 185. In our view, the options available to the Soviet Union are perfectly clear. They could continue to sustain a regime totally devoid of international credibility and with no significant internal support. But this would require the continuing commitment of large numbers of Soviet troops and the maintenance of a rigorous apparatus of oppression within Af- ghanistan. The result would inevitably be continued_ bloodshed and turmoil, as it is quite obvious that £he Afghan people would continue to re£;ist. Moreover, the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan not only will con- tinue to endanger the peace and stability of the region but will also reduce the possibility of an overall reduction in intern,ational tensions. 186. The Afghanistan issue has damaged the gen.. eral dimate of international relations. East-West rela- tions have suffered and will continue to suffer as long as the So'viet Union maintains its troops in Afghanistan. The I,lovement of Non-Aligned Countries, the Organi- zat~,Jn of the Islamic Conference, the Commonwealth and other international organizations have all strongly called for a withdrawal of the foreign forces and the restoration to the Afghan people of its right to self- determination. My Government urges the S\c>vietUnion to take stock not only of the §uffering its occupation is inflicting on Afghanistan but also of its impact on the international community. We call upun the Soviet Union to adopt the only possible course, which lis to seek a genuine politir;al solution to the Afghr..n problem within the context of the appeal in the draft resolution now before us., 186. The Afghanistan issue has damaged the gen·· eral dimate of international relations. East-West rela- tions have suffered aGd will continue to suffer as long as the SO'viet Union maintains its troops in Afghanistan. The r,lovement of Non-PJigned Countries, the Organi- zat~,Jn of the Islamic Conference, the Commonwealth and other international organizations have all strongly called for a withdrawal of the foreign forces and the restoration to the Afghan people of its right to self- determination. My Government urges the S\ovietUnion to lak~ stock not only of the §uffering its occupation is inflicting on Mghanititan but also of its impact on the international community. We call upun the Soviet Union to adopt the only possible course, which lis to seek a genuine politir;al solution to the Afghr.u problem within the context of the appeal in the draft resolution now befor~ us., ·.~ 187. Canada supports the efforts of the Secretary- General and the Under-Secret.ary-General for Special PoHtical Affairs in this sense. We believe that any solution must, first and foremost, reflect the wishes of the people of Afghanistan. It should also take into account the Soviet Union's. legitimate security· inter- ests. It is clear that the Afghan people demands the right to choose its own form of government and its own economic, political and social system. This is the fundamental right of every sovereign people. The international community, through this draft resolution, once again calls upon the Soviet Union to allow the people of Afghanistan to exercise that right. 187. Canada supports the efforts of the Secretary- General and the Under-Secret.ary-General for Special PoHtical Affairs in this sense. We believe that any solution must, first and foremost, reflect the wishes of the people of Afghanistan. It should also take into account the Soviet Union's. legitimate security- inter- ests. It is clear that the Afghan people demands the right to choose its own form of government and its own economic, political and social system. This is the fundamental right of every sovereign people. The international community, through this draft resolution, once again calls upon the Soviet Union to allow the people of Afghanistan to exercise that right.

We have heard the last speaker for this afternoon. I shall now call on those representatives who wish to speak in exercis.e of the right of reply.

The United States delegation has no intention of dignifying with response the litany of ludicrous and totally unfounded allegations recited earlier in this ses- sion by the representatives ofCubaand Laos. We know that members of the Assembly will recognize those allegations for what they are-a wholly implausible and inept attempt to divert the attention of the inter- national community from the sources of real threats to international peace and stability in Asia arid else- where around the world. Cuba, the only Latin Ameri- can country with troops stationed outside its borders and the only country ofthis hemisphere with a resident,

We have heard the last speaker for this afternoon. I shall now call on those representatives who wish to speak in exercise of the right of reply.

The United States delegation has no intention of dignifying with response the litany of ludicrous and totally unfounded allegations recited earlier in this ses- sion by the representatives ofCubaand Laos. We know that members of the Assembly will recognize those allegations for what they are-a wholly implausible and inept attempt to divert the attention of the inter- national community from the sources of real threats to international peace and stability in Asia arid else- where around the world. Cuba, the only Latin Ameri- can country with troops stationed outside its borders and the only country ofthis hemispher~ with a resident, •• .. - ~ ~ 'le :".~...". ~- ,_ ' • 195. There. are some 320-odd passes a tains in the frontier area which are w bandits for penetration into Afghanis ple, mercenaries trained in Chitral Afghanistan territory in the regions of M ltirr nr "gm ._ J; Illr.. a:r . no 71111'1'11 195. There. are some 320-odd passes along the moun- tains in the frontier area which are widely used by bandits for penetration into Afghanistan. For exam- ple, mercenaries trained in Chitral penetrate into Afghanistan territory in the regions of Mastach, Gilgit, 196. The competent Afghan authorities have gathered a lot of evidence from the captured mercenaries and Pakistani and other foreign spies which proves beyond any doubt that the Pakistani authorities are d.irectly involved in hostile activities against Afghanistan by training bandits and mercenaries, facilitating illegal, clandestine traffic in all sorts of weapons and ammuni- tion across the frontier area of Afghanistan and giving their ringleaders freedom of movement, including travel abroad with forged Afghan -passports, free access to the press and the possibility to commis- sion their own radio transmitters. The Pakistan authorities also provide financial means to the counter- revolutionary ringleaders. Since the unleashing of the undeclared war, more than $500 million have been spent on the purchase of arms and ammunition, including the most sophisticated types. I £96. The competent Afghan authorities have gathered a lot of evidence from the captured mercenaries and Pakistani and other foreign spies which proves beyond allY doubt that the Pakistani authorities are dJrectly involved in hostile activities against Afghanistan by training bandits and mercenaries, facilitating illegal, clandestine traffic in all sorts of weapons and ammuni- tion across the frontier area of Afghanistan and giving their ringleaders freedom of movement, including travel abroad with forged Afghan 'passports, free access to the press and the possibility to commis- sion their own radio transmitters. The Pakistan authorities also provide financial means to the counter- revolutionary ringleaders. Since the unleashing of the undeclared war, more than $500 million have been spent on the purchase of arms and ammunition, including the most sophisticated types. 197. Tous, any attempts by the Pakistani represen- tatives here to deny their role as accomplices in the armed incursions against Afghanistan are futile. They can persuade no one who has any respect for facts. 198. That Pakistan has placed its. territory at the disposal of anti-Afghan mercenaries has been re- peatedly reported by so-called free-lance journalists from the United States, the United Kingdom, West Germany and other countries who accompanied bandits during their raids from the territory ofPakistan deep into Afghanistan. 197. Tous, any attempts by the Pakistani represen- tatives here to deny their role as accomplices in the armed incursions against Afghanistan are futile. They can persuade no one who has any respect for facts. 198. That Pakistan has placed its, territory at the disposal of anti-Afghan mercenaries has been re- peatedly reported by so-called free-lance journalists from the United States, the United Kingdom, West Germany and other countries who accompanied bandits during their raids from the territory ofPakistan deep into Afghanistan. 199. Pakistan's involvement in hostile activities against Afghanistan, at the instigation of imperialists, hegemonists and other reactionaries, remains a well- established fact. 200. Equally well known are the facts regarding the provision of arms and ammunition to the counter- revolutionary bandits by some jmperialist and other reactionary countries. The unambiguous revelation of that'fact by the Heads of State of the culprit coun- tdes, of which delegations have fuil knowledge, leaves no room for further elaboration. 199. Pakistan's involvement in hostile activities against Afghanistan, at the instigation of imperialists, hegemonists and other reactionaries, remains a well- established fact. 200. Equally well known are the facts regarding the provision of arms and ammunition to the counter- revolutionary bandits by some imperialist and other reactionary countries. The unambiguous revelation of that'fact by the Head's of State of the culprit coun- tdes, ofwhich delegations have full knowledge, leaves no room for further elaboration. 201. As regards the number of Afghans who are now living on the territory of Pakistan, it has been admitted in the reports from various sources, which are other- wise considered most reliable by the Pakistanis,that there has been an enormous exaggeration of their number. That exaggeration is due to the followi:'6 factors. First, a great majority of the 2 million nomads who travel every year seasonally deep into the territory of the Pashtuns and Baluchis and beyond have been registered by Pakistani authorities as refugees. Secondly, in order to secure more assistance, the _reported number of persons in the household of each 201. As regards the number of Afghans who are now living on the territory of Pakistan, it has been admitted in the reports from various sources, which are other- wise considered most reliable by the Pakistanis,that there has been an enormous exaggeration of their number. That. exaggeration is due to the followi~'6 factors. First, a great majority of the 2 million nomads who travel every year seasonally deep into the territory of the Pashtuns and Baluchis and beyond have been registered by Pakistani authorities as refugees. Secondly, in order to secure more assistance, the _reported number of persons in the household of each ref~g~c family is far higher than the actual number. 202. Those factors, together with some others, have been widely reported in the international mediafriendly to Pakistan. Even the United Nations High Com missioner for Refugees, to whose report [A/37/J2 the delegation of Pakistan made repeated references borrows the number of refugees from the officia records of the Government of Pakistan. Furthermore all the counter-revolutionary bands and their de- pendents have, of course, been listed as refugees by the Pakistani authorities. The real number of bona fide refugees, therefore, is far less than is being claimed. 202. Those factors, together with some others, have been widely reported in the international mediafriendly to Pakistan. Even the United Nations High Com- missioner for Refugees, to whose report [A/37/12l the delegation of Pakistan made repeated references, borrows the number of refugees from the official records of the Government of Pakistan. Furthermore, all the counter-revolutionary bands and their de- pendents have, of course, been listed as refugees by the Pakistani authorities. The real number of bona fide refugees, therefore, is far less than is being claimed. 203. The Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan has announced a gt:;neral amnesty for all Afghans living abroad and has repeatedly caIied on them to return to their homeland and resume their normal peaceful life. That call has been responded to positively by a large number of them. The number returning would have been even greater if certain artificial barriers and obstacles had not been created by the counter-revolutionary armed bandits and the Pakistani authorities. 203. The Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan has announced a gt.:-neral amnesW for all Afghans living abroad and has repeatedly calied on them to return to their homeland and resume their normal peaceful life. That call has been responded to positively by a large number of them. The number returning would have been even greater if certain artificial barriers and obstacles had not been created by the counter-revolutionary armed bandits and the Pakistani authorities. 204. To attribute the serious political, economic and social problems of Pakistan to the revolutionary changes in Afghanistan is to make an assertion obviously for home consumption only. The people of Pakistan and all £heir political parties have already given their verdict against that false accusation. 205. It has also been repeatedly alleged that the position of Pakistan on this issue is based:'on 'a policy of non-interference, co-operation, conciliation and so on. One may ask whether this artificially heated debate is in line with that assertion. The answer is no. The real truth is that the Assembly is being abused in order to minimize the importance of real and fruitful negotiations ~n the midst ofan orchestrated propaganda campaign. Let the attitude of the Pakistani delegation towards future peaceful negotiations determine the final judgement of their sincerity and good will. 204. To attribute the serious political, economic and social problems of Pakistan to the revolutionary changes in Afghanistan is to make an assertion obviously for home consumption only. The people of Pakistan and all ~heir political parties have already given their verdict against that false accusation. 205. It has also been repeatedly alleged that the position of Pakistan on this issue is based"on 'a policy of non-interference, co-operation, conciliation and so on. One may ask whether this artificially heated debate is in line with that assertion. The answer is no. The real truth is that the Assembly is being abused in order to minimize the importance of real and fruitful negotiations ~n the midst ofan orchestrated propaganda campaign. Let the attitude of the Pakistani delegation towards future peaceful negotiations determine the final judgement of their sincerity and good will. 206. New, revolutionary Afghanistan is strengthened and further consolidated despite the most cruel and bloody undeclared war. The attempts to overpower revolutionary Afghanistan by military force have proved futile, and the final eradication of the last band's hide-out on the sacred soil of Afghanistan is merely a matter of time. The revolution in Afghanistan is irreversible. Its strength and might stem from the firm support of the broadest masses of the population of Afghanistan and from the solidarity and interna- tionalist support ofthe socialist community, the Sov~et Union in.the first place~ and .of all prOgreSSiV~~aEd peace-Iovmg forces andcountnes of the world.:"- ~ ~~. 206. New, revolutionary Afghanistan is strengthened and further consolidated despite the most cruel and bloody undeclared war. The attempts to overpower revolutionary Afghanistan by military force have proved futile, and the tinal eradication of the last band's hide-out on the sacred soil of Afghanistan is merely a matter of time. The revolution in Afghanistan is irreversible. Its strength and might stem from the firm support of the broadest masses of the population of Afghanistan and from the solidarity and interna- tionalist support ofthe socialist community, the Sov~et Union in.the tirst place~ and .of all prOgreSSiV~~a.!1d peace-Iovmg forces and countrIes of the world..~"' ~ 3 Ibicl., Thirty-sixth Year, S"pplemellt fol' Jl t(lmber 1981, document S/14649. 4 BlIlletillofthe Ellropetm CtJII1l111ll1;ties, No. NOTES Z See Official Reconts of the Se£'lll'ity COImdl, Thirty-fifth Yem', SlIpplemellt for April, May t"'cI JlIlle 1980, document S/139SI. 3 Ibid., Thirty-sixth YeaI', Supple",e'" for JlIly, Allgllst anti S£'p- t£'mher 1981, document S/J4649. 4 BlIlletillofthe Ellropetm Cmllllllmities, No. 6,1981, para. 1.1.13.