A/38/PV.6 General Assembly

The Assembly will hear an address by Commander-in-Chief Samuel K. Doe, head of State and Chairman of the Peo- ple's Redemption Council of the Republic of Liberia. On behalf of the General Assembly, I have the honour to welcome him to the United Nations and to invite him to address the Assembly. 2. Mr. DOE (Liberia): We live in a world of constant transformation, where even the ideals that motivate man- kind have been rapidly changing. Yet those visions of national identity, freedom, justice and equality and the aspiration to a better standard of living tend more and more to dominate the human horizon. 3. My own country, the Republic of Liberia, glewout ofthese compelling human hopes and aspirations. How- ever, the expression of these aspirations has become increasingly frustrated over the years. Thus it was not by accident that, three years ago, the enlisted men and women of the armed forces of Liberia ushered in our popular revolution. Our primary objective has been the building of a new society based on justice, equality, free- dom and equal opportunity for all of our citizens. 4. We note that the historical antagonism between the settlers and indigenous elements manifested itself at the onset of the revolution. However, we have always kept in focus the need to narrow the economic and social dis- parities within Liberian society and to promot~genuine national unity. 5. Barely three years after coming to power we can proudly boast of having no political prisoners in our country. We have endeavoured to pursue !:onscientiously a policy which guards against the abuse of human rights. 6. We now stand proudly at the dawn of a national rebirth, as we have moved steadily ahead in our consti- tutional process for a return of the country to civilian rule in 1985. 7. Looking forward to a new era of confidence and accommodation at home, I appear before the Assembly today as the frrst indigenous head of State ofthe Repub- lic of Liberia, a country which has stood for over a cen- tury as the symbol of Africa's invincible soul and the flame of Africa's resurgence. 8. We have come with pride to speak not of conflict but of reconciliation; not of division, but of unity; not of hatred but of love; not of war but of peace; not of action based on self-interest but ofgenuine co-operation based on a vision of global development. 9. Our presence here is a reflection of our profound sense of the historical significance of Liberia's role in world affairs. For in the span of time since we assumed NEW YORK power, we have experienced dramatic civil stress and eco- nomic frustrations, yet we have realized tremendous national success. 10. Our people have made significant advances from the grip of servitude on to frontiers of dignity, from the deep paths of exploitation on to the councils of human upliftment. However, we do not see this new emergence only as the attainment ofan inheritance long denied; we see it also as a challenge to rekindle that vision which united the various elements of the Liberian population over 130 years ago. All of our people have, therefore, been propelled to rise from a state of slumber to make a truly unique Liberian contribution to international peace and understanding in a troubled world. There is a new momentum of activity within our embrace, born of uncertainties but crowned with opportunities. We shall strive for unity at home, solidarity in Africa and peace throughout the world. 11. It is with pleasure, therefore, that we extend a hearty welcome to the State of Saint Christopher and Ne"is, which has been admitted to the Organization as the 158th Member. 12. We wish to express to Mr. Jorge IIlueca, a distin- guished son of Panama, sincere congratulations on his election to the presidency of the A..ssembly. His outstand- ing ability and his vast experi.ence as a diplomat and statesman assure us that under his leadership the Assem- bly will face up to the great chaUenge of pi.'ornoting peace and protecting the welfare of mankind everywhere. 13. We wish to record a well-deserved tribute also to bis outstanding predecQsor, who presided with such wis- dom over the thirty-seventh session ofthe General Assem- bly. His performance won for him the great approbation and esteem of all. 14. At the same time, we express commendation to the Secretary-General for the very effective and conscientious manner in which he has performed his duties since his election. We urge that he be given all necessary support in his efforts to reorganize and strengthen our cherished Organization. Let me reaffmn the continued support and co-operation of the Government of Liberia as he per- forms his duties. 15. The search for peace, the most important mission of this great Organization, remains a major preoccupa- tion of mankind. Yet, reflecting upon events of the recent past, we must mrixe the sad admission that peace con- tinues to elude us. Violence and terrorism, undeclared war and rumours of war, social injustices and fanatic actions undermine the restraint and moderation which should characterize contemporary international relations. 16. The shooting down of an unarmed Korean commer- cial aircraft by the So'liet Union, killing all 269 passen- gers and crew members, is a cruel act against humanity. It is in contravention of established and accepted rules of international law and civil aviation regulations. Such action reflects a sad spectre of the dangerous extent to which order and harmony in inter-State relations have eroded. r~latio~ With Israel no longer eXIsts. Th~ occuple~ Egyp- was)nshambles. We inherited a staggering debt burden t~an!emtory has been restored to Egyptian soverelgnty- where funds borrowed were invested largely in unproduc- slgmficantly, through negotiations between Egy..,t and tive and prestigious projects. Also, many of the loans f~ h d ffi nl f I I' . hi -to ensure the establishm~ntof more just economic and su ler tea verse e ects not 0 y 0 a c ear y meqwta e political relations guaranteeing for them more equitable international economic order but also of th~ military adventurism of extra-regional Powers, the plundering of participation in the international sphere, some industri- f h . . h fi' I" f h . alized nations are determined to prevent this. Thus there parts 0 t eir temto.ry, t e orelgn exp O1tatlon 0 t err has b~en a resurgence of protectionism in the large deci- natural resource.~, the establishment of Dll'litary bases sion-making centres and discriminatory and selective poli- upon their soil and the maintenance of anachronistic cies have been established, on the pretext that they are colonial situations. based on a concept of "graduation", which create arbi- 55. What are the obstacles that must be overcome in trary and damaging differences for developing countries. order to bring about the necessary changes in present Moreover, the emphasis on bilateralism in international world circumstances? economic relations has seriously eroded the multilateral 56. In the sphere of disarmament, for example, the framework of co-operation. international community must face up to a truly dire situ- 63. And, as if ail of this were not discouraging enough, ation. It is paradoxical that when public opinion most we continue to perceive a tendency on the part ofcertain energetically expresses its growing concern at the threat developed countries to use economic measures for politi- of a potential nuclear conflict, when the leaders of the cal purposes, pressuring peripheral countries to make major Powers publicize their apparent interest in reach- themselves subordinate in the exercise of their sovereign ing and desire to reach agreements on disarmament and rights. My own country has been subjected to such unjust when there is a IDliversal consensus that this is a funda- practices in the recent past. mental and pressing problem, the activities in the field 64. At the regional level, there was an understanding of disarmament have yet to yield tangible results. within the Latin American framework from the start- S7. As we know, Geneva is the theatre of bilateral and which was ratified by decisions ofthe Council ofthe Latin multilateral disarmament negotiations, particularly in the American Economic System-that the vulnerability of area of nuclear di3armament. Obviously these negotia- Latin America in the face of concerted pressure from the tions are making no headway, and the efforts ofthe Com- developed world had to be diminished. It was submitted mittee on Disarmament are out of all proportion to the that all nations have the sovereign right to follow their scant results obtained. own path in the economic, social and political spheres 58. Unfortunately the present situation and trends do in peace and freedom, free from external pressure, aggres- not encourage us to hope for a brighter future. Nuclear sion and threats, and free from embargoes, blockades and arsenals are increased and improved day by day, so that any other coercive measures imposed illegally and arbi- the possible use of nuclear weapons poses the clear danger trarily. That is why Argentina has enthusiastically sup- that any conflict could turn into a catastrophe that would ported the important initiative of the President of Ecua- spare no one. dor, Mr. Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea, aimed at mobilizing the energy and resources of the Latin Anteric~countries 59. Moreover, not only are nuclear armaments being and recently ratified in the Santo Domingo commitment. shipped without any restriction throughout the world; they are also being introduced into legally prohibited geo- 65. In order to face up to this profound international graphical zones, thus posing an unjustifiable threat and economic and financial crisis we need fundamental solu- creating an atmosphere ofinsecurity that affects, frrst and tions and the joint elaboration of principles and instru- foremost, those countries that do not belong to the major ments for a new order in international economic relations. military alliances. Along these lines, the developing world, represented by the 125 States members of the Group of 77, drafted 60. Until very recently Latin America felt secure under what is called the Buenos Aires Platform 1 at the Fifth the protection of a nuclear-weapon-free zone, but it can Ministerial Meeting of the Group, held this year in my no longer feel free ofsuspicion since in 1982 the United country. That platform stressed the urgency of adopting, Kingdom, in violation of its commitments, introduced at the sixth session of the United Nations Conference on nuclear armaments into the region of the Malvinas, South Trade and Development, a programme of concerted and Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, thus creating an sustained economic reactivation and promotion of the alarming and dangerous situation. accelerated development of the countries of the Group. 61. In this connection it is especially significant that at Unfortunately, the industrialized nations preferred to the eighth General Conference of the Agency for the take more rigid and opposing positions, and no satisfac- Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in LatinAmerica, which tory conclusions were reached at the sixth session of the was held in Jamaica last May, the introduction of Brit- Conference. Neverthelr.:ss, the solidarity of the Group of ish nuclear weapons into the zpne and areas surround- 77 was.strengthened at Belgrade, and during this session ing the Malvinas, South Georgia and Soqth Sandwich of the A~semblythe Group's members must act accord- Islands was again denounr,ed. Moreover, that Conference ingly in order te fact~in a co-ordinated manner the acute expressed its concern at the fact that the United Kingdom international crisifl. In this regard, the presence and \~,." politic~destabilization, violence, the constant threat of that the independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty armed conflict among sister nations, and foreign inter- of Lebanon must be strictly respected. I wish therefore vention. In the face of this situation, my country onc~ to express today my Government's satisfaction at the again reiterates its unchangeable position of fun respect auspicious announcement t'lf a cease-fire between Syria for the fundamental principle of non-intervention. It and Lebanon, achieved with the mediation of Saudi is that spirit that has ~rom the beginning inspired my Arabia. We hope that this '\\ill be the ~rst step leading country's firm support for the Contadora declaration fmally to peace in the region. [A/38/fi8), signed by Colombia, Mexico, Panama and 74. The situation in southern Africa is also one of seri- Venezuela, and for the eanenn Declaration on Peice in ous concern for the Argentine people and Government. Central America, of July last [A/38/303), which resulted My country, supporting the struggle of Africa against in the encouragement of negotiations and contacts at the colonialism and racism, has repeatedly condemned the highest level on the part of the parties directly invoived intransigence of South Africa and its aggressions against in the conflict. neighbouring States, in particular against Lesotho, 68. At the same time, the Argentine Republic wishes to Mozambique and Angola, part of whose territory is still make clear its conviction that the crisis in Central America under South African military occupation. We are also is the result of many complex causes, such as anachro- convinced that international action on Pretoria must be nistic political, social and economic situations which have accompanied by practical measures by the Security Coun- eliminated justice as the guiding principle of social orga- cil to eliminatethe whole regime of racial discrimination nization, persistent violations of the principle of non- and achieve genuine independence for Namibia. intervention in the internal affairs of other States, and 75. In this context I wish to reiterate the importance wrangling within the struggle for world power. of the Latin American Reaional Conference for Action CA 69. My country, therefore, is especially interested in against Apartheid, held at Caracas this month, wJ.iose fmding speedy and just solutions to save Latin American declarat!on [seeA/38/451) has been fully i;l1dorsed by my nations from these tragic problems. Similarly, we hope Government. that Latin America and the Caribbean will not be dragged into a struggle for political and strategic objectives that 76. Similarly, my country took part in the International are not in accordance with the genuine interests of their Conference in Support for the Struggle of the Namibian peoples. People for Independence, held in Paris in April, whose Declaration and Programme of Action4 we wholeheart- 70. When speaking of our continent ! cannot fail to edIy supported. mention the historic meeting of reunion between Spain and Latl·n AmerI·ca which took place I·n the presence 77. We wish to express again our backing for the inde- pendence plan for Namibia approved by the Security of King Juan Carlos during this year's celebration at Caracas of the bicentenary ofthe birth of the Liberator, Council in its resolution 435 (1978), for it is the only way Sim6n Bolfvar, whose ideals of liberty and integration for the Namibian people, through its legitimate represen- for our peoples we most strongly sustain. tatives recognized by the General Assembly, truly to exer- cise their right to national self-determination and 71. We are also deeply concerned about the attitudes independence, with full respect for the territorial integ- of governments which persist in implementing policies rity of Namibia, including Walvis Bay and the offshor~ that run counter to the Charter of the United Nations islands. In the same context, any internal settlement 0: and to the resolutions of the General Assembly and the other cmlStitutional plan that South Africa may wish to Security Council. impose upon Namibia to perpetuate its colonial domina- 72. My country attended the recent International Con- tion must be rejected. We further reaffIrm that the ference on the Question ofPalestine, held at Geneva, with independence of this Territory cannot be subject to the the firm objective of helping to achieve a just and equi- fulfilment of t ;:w preconditions. The Argentine Republic table settlement of that problem. Our presence attested fully agrees w;:,. "hestatement ofthe Secretary-General, to our conviction that it is possible to find a just and in his further l"'i'Ort5 presented in accordance with Secu- peaceful solution which takes into account the interests rity Council resolution 532 (1983), that no real progress 88. The United Kingdom has said in a note addressed to the Secretary-General [A/38/577] that the aim of this escalation is to defend the islands against a supposed Argentine aggression. That is false, because my country has indicated that there is at ces~ation of hostilities which it respects, has respected and will continue to respect and that it believes that negotiations are the appropriate means for settling the soverei:gnty dispute, 89. Moreover, the featuTL'es of the strategic base show the disproportion between the supposed Argentine threat and the means used to counter it. Therefore, we must infer that the true purpose of the United Kingdom, a nuclear Power and a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO], is no less than the exten- sion of its global strategic interests to the South Atlantic. These assumptions were fully confirmed by the British Secretary of State for Defence, Mr. Michael Heseltine, at a conference held under the auspices of the Center for' Strategic Studies of Georgetown University in Washing- ton, D.C., on 14 September. As recently as that, this senior British official stated, among other things, that the Malvinas Islands were nO'c at present an objective of the Soviet Union but that they would be in coming decades, and then the strategic value to the West of constructing the new airport on the islands would be clear. Perhaps with the intention of reassuring his audience, the British Defence Secretary added that the British commitment to the islands would not prejudice the role of the United Kingdom in NATO, because the expenditure of $600 mil- lion had been added to the normal defence budget, rather than subtracted from the expenditures provided for the allianci/Mr. Heseltine also pointed out that the victory in the Malvinas had demonstrated the credibility of the Atlantic alliance's power of dissuasion and that, as a believes that any initiative by this Organization should lead to the consolidation of its provisions and the main- tenance of a system that has proved effective. 102. We are also determined to fmd a solution to the territorial dispute with the Republic of Chile in the south- ern zone, with the most valuable intervention of His Holiness John Paul II as mediator. His advice will surely lead us to a final settlement, acceptable ofcourse to both parties, which will put an end once and for all to the dispute and consolidate the traditional links between the two peoples. 103. In various international forums the Argentine Government has announced its intention of bringing about the full institutional normalization of our country by a specific date. This process has begun and the polit- ical parties representing all political trends have been reorganized. At the present time they are campaigning actively, in complete freedom and with the full guar- antee of non-interference by the Government, for the election on 30 October of all future national, provincial and municipal authorities, ensuring the effective opera- tion of a republican, representative and federal system of government. 104. In 35 days my Government's commitment wiII be carried out definitively, showing how faithfully it th~m structures and customs that cannot be copied or invented but must be rooted in the unique character of each people. 106. In the world's present exceptional and serious cir- cumstances, the international community has no more urgent task than to assist the developing nations of Latin America, Africa and Asia. 107. The world that is taking shape, the variety and number of new peoples, is an iadicator for the future of mankind, because our immediate and long-term ideals and interests coincide with the universal aspiration to harmony and peace. 108. Mr. STRAY (Norway): I should first like to asso- ciate myself with all previous speakers in congratulating you, Sir, on your election to the great office of Presi- dent of this session of the General Assembly. I wish you every success in the fulfilment of your important tasks. Mr. Tindemans (Belgium), Vice-President, took the Chair. 109. One of the most famous works of the great Nor- wegian playwright Henrik Ibsen is Peer Gynt. Through the character of Peer Gynt, Ibsen gave life to an incli- nation which we find in all of us-the inclination to evade the problems that we face. States Members of the United Nations seem to suffer from the same weak- ness as Peer Gynt. It is now nearly four decades since the United Nations was established, but we have still not been able to make it an effective instrument for the maintenance of international peace and security. This situation will continue as long as we do not take our commitments to the United Nations more seriously and take the necessary steps to make it a better and more efficient organization. 110. In his report on the work of the Organization to the General Assembly last year the Secretary-General appealed to the Member States to take urgent action to enable the United Nations to fulfil the responsibilities out- lined in its Charter. Subsequent international events have clearly demonstrated the need for the measures he called for. The most alarming feature is the continued tendency to resort to the use of force to settle international disputes. Ill. In order to support the Secretary-General's efforts to strengthen the United Nations, Norway, together with other Nordic count jes, has presented a report with some ideas to this effect [see A/38/271]. Let me briefly mention some of the recommendations contained in the report. 112. First, the efficiency of the Security Council should be improved. Procedures should be developed for initiat- ing action by the Council at an early stage of conflicts. The idea of holding periodic meetings of the Council at the ministerial level to review the international situation should be considered again. Such periodic meetings could be useful both for early-warning purposes and for review of decisions taken previously by the Council. Decisions of United Nations organs should'be the beginning and not the end of governmental concern and,action, as rightly stated by the Secretary-General. All Member States have assumed an obligation under the Charter of ward, we regretfully have to note that little progress has been achieved during recent years. Signs of economic recovery have been noted in some industrialized coun- tries, but there is still widespread uncertainty aboU'~ its underlying strength and durability. Even if we were to obtain increased and sustained growth in the developed market-economy countries, this alone would not be suf- ficient to bring about the reactivation ofthe development process in most developing countries. Recovery by itself cannot solve the problems of capital shortage, interna- tional indebtedness and protectionism. ~~~~i~~::'nrht~a~~o;:th~o~~dsc~u:~~~io~eo~e~~~~ ~~ .at ~:n:~tion has escaped the effects of the interna- America's problems goes via negotiations and not via tional economic crisis. As always, the poorest countries military escalation. are the hardest hit. The patient efforts of the United 153. The present situation in Central America has its ~~~~:n~ave led only to a partial alleviation of their roots primarily in the economic and social injustice in the region. The countries there must be given the opportu- 162. There are signs today of an economic recovery. oity of building up their societies in peace and in a state However, that recovery appear~ weak and uncertain. It of national independence. A first step in reducing ten- is difficult to argue that any significant upswing is under sions must be the cessation of all deliveries of weapons, way as long as unemployment continues to rise. At any all arms traffic and all military assistance to and within rate, the recovery needs to be supported bya well-balanced the region. and co-ordinated economic policy. A stable recovery of 163. Sweden regrets that so far it has not been possible to start global negotiations within the framework of the North-South dialogue. However, the dialogue has not come to a standstill. The ministerial meeting of the GATT Contracting Parties in the autumn of 1982 laid the foun- dation for deepened co-operation in the field of inter- national trade. A decision has been taken on a certain strengthening of the resources of IMF. 164. Furthermore, the sixth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development has gen- erated concrete results in some important issues and given impulses for continued practical work. It remains to be seen with what degree of determination Governments will follow up, in UNCTAI.> and other international organi- zations, the concrete decisions made. Sweden has adopted a programme of action to give substance to the follow-up ofthese common undertakings. The developing countries' readiness for dialogue and consensus must be met by a readiness of the industrialized countries for practical co-operation. 165. In the field of the environment, Sweden attaches significance to the efforts to reactivate and intensify inter- national co-operation. This co-operation is vitally impor- tant to our common future well-being. My country gives its full support to the proposal for a special commission entrusted with the task of formulating long-term envi- ronment strategies which can contribute to a stable social and economic development. 166. The overriding problem in today's world is nuclear weapons. Our entire existence is put in jeopardy. We must create the political conditions necessary to ensure that these weapons of mass destruction will never be used. The goal is a world free of nuclear weapons. One important step in this direction would be the introduction of a com- prehensive ban on nuclear-weapon tests. The Assembly year after year has stated that a comprehensive test ban is a crucial measure in the efforts to halt the nuclear arms race. We attach the greatest importance to this issue. After very detailed preparatory work, Sweden therefore put a draft comprehensive test-ban treaty 12 before this summer's session of the Committee on Disarmament. 167. In the 1963 partial test-ban Treatyl3 three of the nuclear-weapon States undertook to stop all nuclear- weapon tests and declared their determination to continue negotiations to this end. They confirmed that commit- ment in the 1968 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [resolution 2373 (XXII), annex]. We find it deplorable that the nuclear-weapon States con- cerned have not fulfilled their commitments. We appeal to them to enter without delay into s.erious negotiations for a comprehensive test-ban treaty. If they do not, this will also increase the risks of a proliferation of nuclear weapons. Peace and stability in different parts of the world will be endangered. The responsibility rests heavily on the nuclear-weapon States concerned. 168. Achieving a test ban is a central element in the efforts that must be made to freeze nuclear-weapon arse- nals at their present levels and to proceed to reductions. A freeze is not intended to alter the approximate parity 179. The apartheid regime of South Africa continues 182. The internal upheavals in two fellow Asian States, to cling to its pernicious privileges in cynical contempt both members of the Movement of Non-Aligned Coun- tries-Afghanistan and Kampuchea-have not been com- of the Charter and all it embodies. The regime's ruthless pletely eased by the introduction of foreign forces. suppression ofthe freedom struggle ofthe majority popu- Although the two questions are not identical, Sri Lanka ~~~~~ss~: ~~~ii;~~a ~it~lli~~~:rityd:iJ~~~e t;;;j~d~~ calls for a comprehensive political solution to these two pendent front line African States of Angola Botswana questions on the basis ofthe withdrawal of foreign forces, M b' - h U . d li fT' . Z . b' ' strict respect for non-interference in the internal affairs ozam lque, t e mte Repub'c 0 anzama, am la ofthe two countries and satisfactory guarantees to ensure anbodurZl'nimgbNaabmwl·eb·l·aThdeesrpegl'tiemdeeccol'Snl'otinnsuOesf ttOhecoInntterrOnlantl~oignha-1 full respect for their independrence, 10v~rei~nty ~d ter- , rl'ton'all'ntegrl'tvand freedom rom 10relgn mterlerence. Court of Justice and the United Nations which have ~ clearly declared such control to be illegal. Security 183. In the region of the Indian Ocean, it was the deter- Council resolution 435 (1978) gave promise of a unique mination of the peoples of the littoral and hinterland exercise in co-operation involving the peoples ofNamibia, States to preserve their independence and to resol..,e their inlte~ationfalhPUubli~ 0dPinNio~, as well as the relevant res- 30h~' h Iht is 0bur hopeI thalt thl e recentddibPlomatic efforts o utlons 0 t e mte atlons. w IC ave een re ent ess y pursue y the Maghreb 297. We are profoundly convinced and persuaded that States will also make an effective contribution to what no peaceful change can take place until global economic is already being done by the OAU and the United Nations sanctions are imposed as part of a concerted international to resolve the question of Western Sahara. plan and until a total embargo on weapons is rigorously 306. The situation in Afghanistan is a subject of grave applied against South Africa, in accordance with the concern to us ail, and a solution must be found for this recommendations of the International Conference on crisis. We profoundly regret the fact that the occupying Sanctions against South Africa, which was held in Paris Power has as yet not seen fit to comply with the provi- in May 1981.17 sions <?f General Assembly resolution 37/37. In that 298. The deadlock in Namibia may well have unfortu- resolution the vast majority of the international commu- nate repercussions and may permanently endanger peace nitycalled for the immediate withdrawal of foreign troops and security in that region. from Afghanistan. 299. It has become clear that the South African regime 307. Military intervention and domination have created is no longer prepared to accept a negotiated settlement a tragic situation in Afghanistan, threatening peace and of the Namibian question on the basis of the implemen- security in that part of the world and thus contributing tation by the United Nations of Security Council resolu- to the deterioration in international relations. The con- \;."....c,.....t.~.n~3: ~9.78~ i~~ud~~~e~or~atiO: offree an~ ~mu~p~enceofiliese forces has created a precede:•. NOTES 10North-South: a program for survival. report of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues under the chainnan- ship ofWilly Brandt (Cambridge. Massachusetts, the MU Press, 198q). 11 "Common Security-a programme for disarmament". report of the Independent Commission on Disannament and Security Issues (see A/CN.lO/38 and AlCN.lO/51). 12See CD/421/Appendix II/Vol. 11, document CD/381. 13Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 480. No. 6964, p. 43). 14See OfficialRecords ofthe Security Council, Thirty-seventh Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1982. docu- ment S/15510. ISReport of the International Conference on the Question of Palestine, Geneva, 29 August-7 September 1983 (Unifel1 Nations publication. Sales No. E.83.I.21), chap. I. 16See A/36/138. 17Report ofthe International Conference on Sanctions against South Afric~v'ljaris, 20-27 Ma! 1981 (A/CONF.I07/8).