A/38/PV.61 General Assembly

32.  Policies of apartheidof tbe Government of Soutb Africa : (a) Reil .C',1 of tbe Special Committee againstApartheid; (b) Report of tbe Ad Hoc Committee on tbe Drafting of an International Convention ageinst Apartheid in Sports; (c) Report of tbe Secretary-General 1. Mr. dos SANTOS (Mozambique): Mr. President, it is a pleasure for me to address the General Assembly under your wise, experienced leadership. 2. This council of nations is once again gathered to dis- cuss the abhorrent system of apartheid or racial segrega- tion. This misguided policy, which has been declared by the international community of nations a crime against humanity is, without a doubt, the source of colonialism in the area, of brutal oppression, repression and suppres- sion, of sufferings and of widespread tension. World capitalism and imperialism are closely associated with this crime and cannot be absolved of blame for it. 3. It is a vexed problem that arouses an intense feeling of revulsion, repulsiveness and indignation in individuals and nations alike. It is an open, defiant, gross and con- tinued denial and violation of human and democratic rights to, and principles of, liberty, independence, free- dom, justire, equality and human dignity. The abhorrent policy and practice of apartheid brutalizes the human person and human dignity, maims and kills the minds and soule of men, women and children, irrespective of the colour of their skin. It "animalizes"-if I may be allowed to use that word-the human being. 4. Once the Race Classification Board has made a clas- sification, one's social, political and economic future is pre-ordained. The Board decides whether one is going to be treated as a human being, as an animal or as some- thing in between. If you are white, you are a human being, but if you happen to be black, you are, to some extent, worse off than a dog. 5. The so-called Coloureds, the Indians, other Asians, the Chinese and the Malays are neither one nor the other; they are in between, half human, half animal, but they are not mermaids. Too bad for them, for if they were mermaids they could at least attract sailors. 6. There are also honorary whites: the Japanese. There are others who are on the way to the Classification Board's counter to buy a ticket to this horrible race game. Others are on the racial airliner waiting-list. 7. Whites and blacks share at least one thing in com- mon, they have a colour, but Indians, other Asians, Chi- nese and Malays are less fortunate, for they are colourless. It is recognized that the so-called Coloureds do possess a colour, albeit an indeterminate one. NEW YORK 8. Promotion and demotion are also possible and are effected through a system called reclassification. Promo- tion is very rare. Can you imagine the social tragedy that befalls one when an individual, habitually considered as white, is reclassified as Coloured? 9. South Africa must be a uniquely privileged country in this world. There, the blind are never totally blind. They are also able to distinguish colour, at least some colours: white, black, Coloured, Indian, other Asians, Malays, Chinese and so on. When the Boer's heart falters, he immediately becomes blind. The colour bar disappears as if by magic. Neither the bar nor the colour is anyWhere to be found. After all, the Kaffrr's heart is not black, but red. In the history of heart transplant in apartheid South Africa, the receiver is always white and the donor always non-white. The non-whites in South Africa are not so poor after all; they are rich in heart in every sense of the word. ' 10. Were it not for the untold extreme human suffering that this system entails, the situation would be nothing but a laughing-stock. 11. The apartheid system is allowed to thrive 38 years after the inception of the United Nations and 35 years after the adoption ofthe Universal. Declaration ofHuman Rights. Apartheidis the most odious and heinous massive violation of human rights. 12. Some countries hel'e represented are accomplices to this degrac1inc! inhuman policy and practice. 13. It is now evident that some Western countries' financial involvement in South Africa is far above what was originally estimated. The original estimate for one Western country alone was $2.6 billion whereas it is really $14.6 billion. No wonder the South African golden egg must be carefully kept, watched over and defended. 14. Since the 1970s, South Africa has been treated as the outcast and pariah that it is. Lately, however, some respected Western countries are feverishly trying to reverse that trend. 15. Economic, cultural, diplomatic and sports exchanges are on the increase, as is the establishment of new con- sular posts. It is being suggested that some medium-range missiles are going to imd a warm home in aPQrtheidSouth Africa. Although the racist regime refuses to sign the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [resolution 2373 (XXII), annex] nuclear technology con- tinues to pour in. 16. Let us look at the facts. The numbers speak for themselves. In 1960, the military budget of South Africa was 44 million rand. By 1980, it was over 2.1 billion rand. The military and paramilitary force jumped from 78,000 to 494,000 during the same period. This does not include the 180,000 that form the so-called standing operational force. All in all, the apartheidregime can count on almost 600,000 men, well trained and properly equipped. 17. Beyond any doubt, South Africa has the largest army in Africa. There is nothing to compare with it in Africa. The apartheid regime has a military industry that goes beyond its defence needs, for it now exports weap- ons, tanks~ airplanes and other sophisticated military equipment. so-cal~-ed constitutional proposals as designed to divide the oppressed so that they can be better ruled. The apart- heid system, like a cancer patient, cannot be cured by injecting malignant cells into its body. It is doomed to a certain failure and to death. 29. This is what is being hailed by a tiny die-hard minor- ity a3 a step in the right direction. For them there is no denying that it is a step in the right direction for their bulging pockets. For Namibia and Angola it means con- tinued occupation and aggression, and to all States in southern Africa it is translated into aggression, sabotage, death, destruction and misery. 30. Six military commands are being set up by racist South Africa along Mozambique's border. Many military and air bases are being constructed. As I speak now, large concentrations of South African troops are massed along the common border. But, for the 25.3 million Africans, the so-called Coloureds, Asians and others, the basic tenet of the apartheid regime remains the same: raw racism which ensures still more pov~rty, humiliation, police terror and brutality. 31. The actions of the apartheid authorities and their suppOrters abroad are a clear indication that, despite their protestations of being believers and practitioners of democracy and human rights, the elimination ofapartheid Charleo'j for his lucid introduction this morning of the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid [A/38/22). The report itself provides comprehensive background material on which the Assembly can base its current discussion of the apartheid p{llicies of the Gov- ernment of South Africa. 90. Two days ago, on 15 November, the General.Assem- bly adopted resolution 38/11, which was sponsored by all members ofthe Group ofAfrican States and by a number of others, including Sri Lanka. That resolution rejected in no uncertain terms the so-called constitutionil! pro- posals South Africa has foisted upon the inhabitants of that country. While the proposals are being advertised by South Africa as a liberalization ofits power structure, they in fact serve to concentrate power even more nar- rowly in the hands of the white minority. Where the proposals purport to achieve a devolution of power onto some sections of the population, they in fact deny basic political rights to the vast majority of the South African population. In short, South Africa enslaves when it claims to set free; it divides when it claims to unite. 91. The perpetuation ofapartheidas a syst~m of polit- ical, economic, social and even religious discrimination is advanced by the South African Government on two broad fronts. First, there is the obvious and unabashed use CIf physical means: armed force, surveillance, repres- sion ofany dissent and deployment ofthe paraphernalia characteristic or ;..':.~ oolice state. Next, there is the attempt, sometimes quite su1:it1~, to conceal the raw edge of racism in a mantle oflegalistic verbiage, together with the atten- dant public-relations exercise. The so-called constitutional reforms and the policy of bantustans are examples ofthis latter approach. While tIte constitutional reforms were being publicised as a means of power sharing, the ban- tustan concept, it will be recalled, was touted 2S the grant- ing of independence to certain groups and areas. The international community formally rejected the bantustan concept, and the vote in the General Assembly two days ago on the subject of the constitutional reforms was the Assembly's answer to this latest manoeuvre of the South African Government. 92. South Africa has also entered upon an elaborate public-relations venture, one element of which are the fmancial inducements offered to sportsmen to play in South Africa. The report ofthe SpeciaI Committee against Apartheid refers to the tour of South Africa surrepti- tiouslyorganized for some Sri Lankan cricketers. As the report indicates, the Sri Lankan authorities immediately banned the players for accepting this offer and took steps to suspend them for a period of 25 years from national cricket, from management and from participation in any national tournament or game sponsored, recognized or conducted by the Sri Lanka Cncket Board. That ban is one which is in effect for life. 93. There are other ways if! which apartheid is mar- keted, including the plea by its apologists that Christian 9~'. The cunstitutional changes and the token gestures of such a regime hardly deserve a welcome, let alone encouragemen.t, because the b~ic motivation behind such gestures is the ,perpetuation of th~ system of apartheid and racism. No veneer of pseudo-legality can absolve the South African ~vemmentofresponsibility for the main- tenance of what is ~rhaps the only legitimized system of racial segregation and discrimination existing in the world today. 9B. The General Assembly can, unfortunately, exert only moral pressure on the South African Government. If this is done unequivocally and with unanimity, then this debate will not be in vain. Under the Charter of the United Nations, it is the Security Council alone that has the power to enforce. The Assembly has often been admonished for recommending enforcement action against South Africa. The measures which the Special Committee against Apartheid considers necessary, not excluding sanctions, must be seriously contemplated, because other options have over the years had little impact on the South African Government. 99. Mrs. IDER (Mongolia) (interpretation from Rus- sian): For more than three decades now the General Assembly has been discussing the policy of apartheid practised by the racist regime of Pretoria. Numerous resolutions have been adopted bythe United Nations, all of them vigorously condemning the inhuman policy of apartheid and demanding that steps be taken to bring about the isolation of the Pretoria regime. But all these un. The policy ofvioience and repression which is prac- tised by the Pretoria regime withinthe country is accom- panied by aggressive acts of terrorism and subversion towards the other independent African States. The Pre- toria regime continues to occupy a considerable portion of the territory of Angola and is openly waging war against that country. South Africa is systematically car- rying out and expanding its military, political, economic and ideological acts ofdestabilization against neighbour- ing States, against Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Seychelles. South Africais training, arming, financing and using for its own purposes counter-revolutionary groups, bandits and mer- cenaries in order to produce destabilization in that area. 102. In order to preserve and strengthen the system of apartheidwithin the country and to continue its aggressive policies outside, the racist regime in South Africa main- tains an enormous military machine, the costs for which increase yearly. According to official figures, the Snuth Afr"",an appropriations for military purposes in 1983/84 were 3,093 million rands, which is 15.9 per cent higher than the appropriations for 1982/83. But, in fact, the costs are greatly in excess ofthose appropriations because, as the report ofthe Special Committee againstApartheid [ibid.] indicates, military costs are concealed inother sec- tions of the budget. 103. Of particular danger to the peoples of Africa is South Africa's intensive development ofits nuclear poten- tial, with the assistance of certain Western States, par- ticularly Israel. As the Committee's report indicates, South Africa has sufficient material and technology to manufacture at least 10 nuclear devices. 104. All this makes'" abundantly dear what a serious threat the Pretoria regime represl~nts for the indePendent States of the African continent and for the peace and security, not only of that Palt of the world, but indeed of the entire world. 105. Under the impact of the ever-growing struggle of the South African people to abolish the system ofapart- heidand to achieve genuine self-determination, and al:.o because of the pressure exerted by the universal COli· demnation expressed against it, the Pretoria regime has had to resort to various stratagems and uface-lifts" which have actually in no wise altered the substance of apart- heidbut are simply aimed at strengthening and perpetu- ating it. Such steps include, for example, the granting of 109. The major Western Powers are also anxious to maintain the apartheid regime of South Africa because they obtain massive profits by plundering the natural resources and mercilessly exploiting the forced labour of the oppressed people of that part of the world. These States do everything they can to impede the implementa- tion of the United Nations resolutions which say that an end must be put to all relations with the Pretoria regime. Pretoria's main trading partners-the United Kingdom, the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Italy and France-continue to maintain trade and commercial and economic relations with South Africa. 110. The Mongolian delegation has carefully studied the report of the Specir.l Committee aginst Apartheid, and it fully shares the judgements and conclusions contained in it. We fully support the Committee~s recommendation that there is a need to adopt comprehensive, mandatory sanctions a8ainst the Pretoria regime, in accordance with the provisions ofChapter VII ofthe Charter ofthe United Nations, in order to bring about its complete isolation. My delegation also supports the recommendation that comprehensive assistance be given to the oppressed people of South Africa and its national liberation movemebts and that world public opinion be mobilized in support of United Nations efforts. . 111. The Mongolian delegation greatly appreciates what the Special Committee has done, under the chairmanship of Mr. Maitama-Sule. The Committee, whose twentieth anniversary was celebrated in March of this year, is making an appr~iablecontribution to mobilizing world stitutional manif>ulations have only one purpose-to per- petuate apartheid. 119. There can be no grounds for believing that, as the representatives of the United States and certain other countries have tried to persuade us, th~ constitutional amendments indicate that the racists have somehow real- ized that there is a need to resolve the problem of the indigenous population of South Africa, and that these are initial steps on the way to altering the system of ap(iii"theid for the better. Apartheid cannot be trans- formed; apartheid must be eliminated. Furthermore, the Prime Minister of South Africa, Mr. Botha, has stated publicly-cynically, but publicly-that, as quoted in The Christian Science Monitor on 7 November 1983: "Africans would never be brought into South Africa's It'-olitical system. They would never receive a chamber of their own . . . and would have to continue to find some political solace in 10 small, rural, impoverished homelands". the nuclear and military spheres. Approximately 70 per cent of the exp-nrt of Israeli military technology goes to South Africa. Tel Aviv supplies the racists with firearms, various systems of missiles, aircraft and motorboats, as well as the technology and licences to manufacture those items. 128. Pretoria and Tel Aviv do not exchange only mili- tary technology and techniques. Strategists from the apart- heid regime are now acquiring through the Israelis, "experience" in waging anti-guerrilla warfare and carry- ing out aggressive operations against neighbouring States. South African pilots bomb Angola from Kfir planes which are manufactured under licence from Israel, and instructors and advisers from Tel Aviv give encourage- ment to South African troops in Namibia. 129. The partnership is not limited simply to conven- tional weapons. Israel and South Africa are jointly work- illg on tae creation of a nuclear weapon. In the field of uranium supplies, the Israelis share their atomic tech- nology with the racist regime. 130. The co-operation between the racists and the Zion- ists has caused great alarm throughout the world because, as the International Conference on the Alliance between South Africa and Israel, held in Vienna from 11 to 13 July 1983, quite correctly pointed out, it is aimed at the oppressed people of South Africa, Namibia and Pales- tine, as wen as at the independent States of Africa and the Arab world. We fully share the concern that was expressed both at that Conference and in the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid with regard to the fact that the Governments of the United States and other Western countries are encouraging the alliance between Israel and South Africa, in violation of United Nations resolutions. 131. All support for the apartheid regime must be ended. The international community cannot acquiesce in the existence on our planet of this most abhorrent form of racism. The need for effective steps against South Africa has long been felt. Tb,~ Ukrainian SSR supports the proposal of the African countries that the Security Council, in accordance with Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, should impose comprehensive sanctions against South Africa and call for strict observ- ance by all States of the sanctions already adopted by the ~ecurity Council against the South African regime. It is unportant to overcome the obstrilctionist position of a number of imperialist States in this matter. Apartheid must be abolished. 132. The Ukrainian SSR is prepared to bend every effort towards the attainment of this goal. 133. Mr. LOEIS (Indonesia): The international cam- paign against apartheid, spearheaded by the Special 146. It is my Government's consistent policy to adhere to the Paris Declaration. on Sanctions against South Africa.2 Until Namibia and the people of South Africa achieve true emancipation and independence and the odious policy ofapartheidis for ever abolished, Indonesia will not establish any relations with the racist Pretoria regime. ~n the exercise oftheir constitutional duty to work for the eradication ofcolonialism, injustice and inhuman- ity anywhere in the world, the Government and people of Indonesia have scrupulously observed the mandatory arms embargo and the oil embargo, as well as all vol- untary sanctions against and boycotts of South Africa. Within its limited means, my Government has also endeav- oured to extend material and financial assistance for the struggle against apartheid and the cause 01 Namibian independence, and will continue to do so. 147. We have arrived at a critical juncture at which the intensification of the struggle for liberation of the peor>les of South Africa and Namibia is being met with increas- ing brutality and oppression. These circumstances have created a situatio:p in which the escalation of regional tensions and hostilities could at any time erupt into uncontrollable upheaval and violence engulfing all of southern Africa, with incalculable consequences for inter- national peace an4 security. We are therefore duty-bound to caU again upon the Security Cpuncil to shoulder its responsibility and to exercise its authority under the Charter of the United Nations to avert a conflagration of unprecedented proportioJlS. It should do so by making it clear to South Africa that, as it persists in its insolent defiance of the demand of the overwhelming majority of mankind, the bnposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter can no longer be delayed. We share in the collective sense of foreboding that the opportunity for peaceful change and rational behaviour is fast disappearing and may soon be lost fm' ever. 148. Mr. BLUM (Israel): Once again the problem of apartheid is on the Assembly's agenda. Most regrettably, however, many of the speakers here do not appear to address the issue ofits true causes, underlying factors and consequences. Indeed, the entire item is being once again cynically manipulated-as has become the custom-by those delegations which seek thereby to advance their political interests at the expense of the genuine struggle against this form of racism. Thus the victims of bigotry are forgotten and the genuine revulsion against racism is mocked. 149, The Jewish people has been on the receiving end of intolerance and bigotry for a period of time that stretches from the early days of the history of man. UnfortunatelYJ such persecution and hatred is not just a historical phenomenon relegated to the past; it is current and still very much with us. Whether owing to official policy in some countries or to the social environment in others, Jews in different parts of the world suffer from the effects ofintolerance and bigotry. Indeed, such mani- festations of racism are directed even against Israel itself, as evidenced in the policies and ideologies of many States and as reflected also in their attitude in this Hall. 150. Israel is not a simple observer which merely sym- pathizes with the victims of racism and oppression. Our views have been shaped by bitter historical and emotional experience spanning centuries. Moreover, to no less an Assyri~ minorities. 157. In conducting their cynical campaigu against Israel in the context of apartheid, Arab States and·their allies conveniently manoeuvre attention away from their own 167. For the sake of accuracy, I wish to reaffmn my Government's undertakings of 7 December 1977,43 April 1978,5 and 23 June 1980 in a letter to the Security Coun- cil Committee established under resolution 421 (1977). Israel's position was stated in a note verbale to that Com- mittee, dated 14 September 1979, namely that my Gov- ernment: "will comply with Security Council resolution 418 (1977), and accordingly, Israel will not provide South Africa with arms or related material of all types, inclucUng the sale or transfer of weapons and ammuni- tion, military vehicles and equipment."6 Predictably, the Special Committee in its reports and the General Assembly in its resolutions have seen fit to ignore this position. 1'72. Mr. TAHINDRO (Madagascar) (interpretation from French): Once again we are gathered together here in this Hall to denounce the South African racist regime for its inhuman policy of apartheid against the black population of South Africa. 173. As every year, we condemn the crime ofapartheid, which the United Nations has called a crime against humanity. It is this general feeling of indignation that made possible the adoption by the international com- munityon 30 November 1973 of the International Con- vention on the Suppression and Punishment ofthe Crime ofApartheid[resolution 3068 (XXVI/I), annex), and it was in this same spirit that the International Law Commission stated in article 19 of its draft text on the international responsibility of States that apartheid, like aggression, the practice of colonialism, slavery and genocide, was a typical example of an international crime. 175. While racism and racist legislation have historically always been part of South African society-in this respect we recall the racist legislation of the Transvaal since the establishment of the Boers in that region and that of the Cape between 1852 and 191O-nevertheless the ordered and methodical organization of racism under the name "apartheid", that is, the institutionalization of racism throughout South African territory, began only in 1948. 176. Many explanations have been given by various authors and historians for the doctrine of apartheid, but it is well known that the Hitlerite doctrine of the superior race, with all its political, economic and social conse- quences, inspired to a great extent the fathers of apart- heid. They decided-that this Nazi doctrine could be applied to all the non-white races of South Africa, just as the original Nazi doctrine was applied to all non- "Aryan" races. 177. Since the supporters of apartheid are methodical and obstinate people, they feel that they must justify apartheid coherently and in an ordered way, if necessary resorting to sophistry, Thus, they have tried to prove that the Africans-in their terminology, the Bantus-arrived simultaneously with the whites and that, cOIlsequently, no African was established in South Africa before the eighteenth century. Therefore they affirm that the wars fought in the nineteenth century by the Boers and the British against the African societies w~re not predatory colonial wars but wars between rival conquerors for the possession of unowned territory. 178. That is why throughout the years the Africans would be called, in turn, Kaffrrs, natives, Bantus, but never Africans, because of the nationalist connotation of that name. For the apartheid regime, there are Xhosa, Sotho, Zulu and other nations, but no African nation as st:lch; consequently, according to that regime, it is incor- rect to talk about African nationalism. 179. However, several important Portuguese texts dating fco",o the fifteenth century have attested to the existence at the time of organized African societies all along the coast of South Africa. Archeological excava- tions have even proved, unfortunately for the apartheid theoreticians, that a Bantu society had existed in South Africa, with its own social, political and technical char- acteristics, fm" a very long time, well before the arrival of the whites. For fuller historical details, members should consult the work of R. R. Inskeep, in volume I of Tile Oxford History of South Africa.7 180. Since the ar~ument of historical antecedence and other fallacious arguments are without any valid legal basis, it is clear that, stripped to the bones, apartheid is in fact a racist doctrine adopted by the European colonists established in that part ofAfrica to perpetuate the exploi- tation of the country's black majority. Four groups con- tributed to the emergence of that school of thought, namely: the Dutch Reformed Church, which helped give apartheid a moral standing; the extreme right-wing secret society, the Broederbond, established in 1918, which pro- vided a doctrinal basis for the policy ofthe National Party of South Africa; the Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Organizations, founded in 1929, which claims to be the defender of Boer culture; and, lastly, Christian National Education, which laid the bases ofeducation in the South African society. simple right to freedom of movement, prohibiting inter- racial marriage and imposing residential segregation, racial classification and the segregation of public facil- ities, transport and schools. And of course, other laws, some of them among the most repressive in the world, have been adopted over the years to prevent any cir- cumvention of the racist order established by the white minority. 182. Apartheid, denounced by the United Nations: for more than 30 years because of the immense suffering it causes the populations of South Africa, is still with us. Despite universal condemnation, the apartheid regime continues to maintain itself and to pose a threat to the States of the region through its direct or indirect acts of aggression. 183. If, as the January 1981 issue of the review Inter- nationalAffairs states, South Africa provides 40 per cent of the industrial production of the African continent, 75 per cent ofthe steel and cast iron produced in Africa, 80 per cent of the coal extracted in Africa and 20 per cent of the commercial trade of the whole of Africa, and, moreover, if it occupies twelfth place in the capitalist world in the volume of industrial production, that is due not only to the shameless exploitation ofthe black major- ity but to the fruitful collaboration with the majority of developed market-economy countries from which the country benefits. 184. As Mr. Robert Hughes, Chairman of the United Kingdom Anti-ApartheidMovement, wrote in the March 1983 Notes andDocuments of the Centre against Apart- heid, transnational corporations play a dominant role in the economy of South Africa. In the same context, Mr. Makanov, writing in the January 1981 issue ofInter- national Affairs noted that the South African econ- omy is controlled for the most part by foreign capital: 1,650 frrms from Western and other countries are operat- . ing in the land of apartheid, attracted by the world's highest profits, the result of the pitiless exploitation of African workers. 185. As Professor Bernhard Graefrath of the German Democratic Republic rightly pointed out b an article entitled "The Crime of Apartheid: Responsibilities and Reparations," which was pl'blished in the Rwiew of Contemporary Law in 1981, the struggle to eradicate the shameful regime ofapartheid cannot be isolated from the general struggle for the liberation of peoples still victims of pillage. Thus, the problem of apartheid is not merely the denial of individual human rights, as the Western countries often tend to see it, but, even more serious, a violation of the collective right of an entire people to self- determination. 186. While the white minority, whatever its political affiliation, has chosen apartheid as the basis of its policy in order to perpetuate its economic and political privi- leges, the majority of the population, namely, the black population, is still unable to express its preferences in the political, economic and social areas. 187. Like many other delegation~, we believe that the problem of South Africa is less a question of human rights than a question of decolonization. lIt these circum- stances, it is difficult to have much faith in the so-called constitutional reform, which certain Western countries have described as a step in the right direction. 197. We also express to the South African people our total support for their strong resistance to the apartheid regime, under the leadership ofits vanguard movement, the ANC. 198. Mr. LIANG Yufan (China) (interpretation/rom Chinese): More than 30 years have elapsed since the General Assembly first considered the racist policy of the South African authorities. The Assembly has adopted many resolutions calling for an end to the racist rule of the South African authorities. However, there has not been the slightest change in the position of the·South African authorities. On the contrary, they have become even more stubborn in pursuing this policy and even more ruthless in cracking down on the South African people. 199. The South African authorities have long devised several hundred decrees of racial discrimination. Relying on bayonets and jails, they have deprived more than 20 million black people ofvirtually all their freedoms and democratic rights. They have pushed on with their plan of bantustanization so as to confme the black people in the barren "black homelands" n According to the press communique released recently by the secretariat of the OAU, more than 10 million Africans have been driven to the bantustan areas. The 10 planned bantustans, when set up, will only account for 12.7 per cent of the land of the whole country, while the remaining 87.3 per cent, with cities, mines, railways and so on, will be declared "white South Africa". In this area, the native Africans, who are the lawful masters ofSouthAfrica, are arbitrarily classified as aliens and denied the right of free entry and departure. The system ofapartheidis evident in the polit- ical. economic, cultural, educational and social spheres. The South African authorities are even more ruthless in persecuting those freedom fighters and leaders who oppose this barbarous system. Nationalist leaders and freedom fighters such as Nelson Mandela have beeB unreasonably subjected to long terms of imprisonment. Last June, flying in the face of strong opposition from the international community, the South African author- ities flagrantly executed three freedom fighters of the ANC and committed new crimes against the South Afri- can people. 200. In order to hoodwink the people of South Africa and the world at large, the South African authorities manipulated a so-called referendum not long ago, in which only white people could participate. They adopted a "new constitution" which permits the Coloureds and the Indians to "share power" . The General Assemblyhas just adopted a resolution exposing and rejecting this sin- ister scheme [resolution 38/11). 201. The South l\friCal authorities have been so arro- gant because they have the support and connivance of a certain great Power. In order to maintain their vested interests in southern Africa, certain forces in the West have provided the South African authorities with eco- nomic assistance and military equipment in total disregard of the wishes of the people ofthe world. In so doing they have inflated the South African racist regime's arrogance an.d exacerbated the tension in the area. I change~. 228. Outside the coun.try, the Pretoria regime is con- stantly strengthening its grip on Namibia, whose inde- pendence it continues to link illegally, and in flagrant violation ofthe relevant resolutiQDS of the United Nations, to the withdrawal of Cuban truops from Angola. I\:. con- tinues to step up acts of aggression and destabilization th~>t South Africa feels the full pressure of the interna- tional community becomes all the more clear. It is evident that in these circumstances only decisive, mandatory sanctions as envisaged in the Charter of the United Nations could produce such an effect. 250. Effective sanctions require determined participa- tion by all Members, as the alternative to the application of peaceful measures envisaged in the Charter is the escalation of the violence and conflictin southern Africa. That is why the oppressed people of South Africa have at this moment no alternative but to continue their strug- gle for independence, a struggle which deserves our full sympathy and support. 251. Another way in which the international community can JA: of immense assistance to the struggling people in southern Africa is by increasing its assistance to various funds, f§pecially the one set up for the large number of refugees in this region. 252. While we reiterate that the efforts of the interna- tional community should be redoubled, I would like to express the fIrm commitment of the Turkish Government to all measures designed to bring to an end the policies ofapartheidand racial discriminationin southern Africa. Turkey does not maintain relations with the Pretoria regime, either in the diplomatic and consular, or in the economic, commercial or military fields. Turkey is pleased to contribute, although in modest terms, to the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa, the United Nations Educational and Training Programme for South- ern Africa and the Trust Fund for Publicity against Apartheid, as a sign of its solidarity with these people. 253. Turkey's traditional commitment to the issues of southern Africa and decolonization is based upon thevery principles on which the Turkish Republic was built, fol- lowing the fIrst victorious struggle for national independ- ence in the twentieth century. We are confident that victory will be achieved in South Africa too and that a new democratic society will prevail, in compliance with the spirit and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. 254. Mr. SUBBA (Nepal): The General Assembly has repeatedly declared apartheid a crime against humanity and a threat to peace and security. Nepal has consistently raised its voice against the hateful policy of apartheid practised by the racist regime of South Africa and has Angola and by carrying out acts of aggression against other front-line countries. 281. Today, South Africa is a threat to the entire conti- nent because of the means of acquiring nuclear weapons it has been given. Vast sums are being invested in South Africa, and a ceaseless flood of armaments and technol- ogy enables it, with the support of the principal Western Powers, to pursue a policy of terror in southern Africa and to pose a serious threat to peace throughout the whole of our continent. 282. Apartheidwill certainly not disappear through so- called inlprovements in a policy which, on the contrary, is aimed essentially at strengthening and perfecting that philosophy of institutionalized racial segregation. 283. Apartheid will only disappear if South Africa is ostracized by the nations of the world until it agrees to espouse the only solution that respects fundamental human rights, namely, an egalitarian, multiracial and democratic society in an undivided country that will belong to all its sons on the basis of "one man, one vote". to be forced to note that the usurper State of Israel, which is heir to the Jewish tradition and the oppression against the Jews, is now a close co1l2bor~tor and privileged ally of a regime that perpetuates Nazi traditions and practises a policy of racial discrimina.wirDfl on a hitherto mtheard-of scale. It is true that Israel, which is inspired by a similar philosophy and is practising a very similar policy, is per- fectly comfortable with the close co-operation it enjoys with ti1tat ally. 287. The Israeli representative also attempted-and this is nothing new-to break the Arab-African front. We are not surprised at the legitimate anguish of the Pretoria- Tel Aviv axis at the possibility ofco-ordination and soli- darity between Africa and the Arab world. That solidarity -which has its basis in contemporary world realities, in the interests of both worlds, African and Arab, and the complementarity of both families, and in the age-old rela- tions between them-is as real as the mutual feelings between the segregationist regimes of Israel and South Africa. It is even more strange that nowhere in his state- ment-and this is revealing-did the representative of Israel utter any criticism of the apartheid regime, the direct heir of nazism and today, paradoxically, allied with zionism. That also does not surprise us. Nor are we sur- prised at the well-known attempt to change the subject by means of strategems and a verbal attack that is shame- less to say the least. We note this diversionary manoeuvre on the part ofthe representative of Israel, who completely forgot, in his entire statement, that we were dealing with an agenda item entitled "Policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa". 288. Mr. BLAIN (Gambia): I should like at the outset to congratulate the Special Committee against Apart- heidon the detailed report before the General Assembly [A/38/22]. This important. document attests to the unwavering commitment of the Committee's members to the elimination of the scourge of apartheid. 289. In less than one month's time, the United Nations will celebrate the thirty-fifth anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Across 'the world the occasion will be marked by celebrations m~nt. As a result, high infant mortality and acute malnu- trition have become permanent features of the desolate bantustan landscape. However, the burden of these natural scourges is almost negligible by comparison with the violations of human rights in these territories which, even by South Africa's grim standards, are both massive and flagrant. 308. Last July, for example, the residents of the Mdant- sane township, in the Ciskei, launched a boycott of the parastatal transport company in protest against impend- ing fare increases. Unbelievably, this peaceful community protest was met with the sweeping range of dictatorial powers assumed by the so-called President Lennox Sebe since the Ciskei assumed nominal independence in 1981. The repressive measures resorted to by the security and