S/39/PV.21 Security Council

Before beginning my statement, Sir, I wish to convey to you, on behalf of the delegation of the Kingdom of Morocco, my sincere congratulations on your election to the presidency of the thirty-ninth session of the General Assembly. You have been chosen for this post because of your competence and your experience. This fortunate c.;hoice also expresses the esteem in which your country, the brother country of Zambia, and the continent of Africa are held. I am happy to assure you that my delegation is ready to give you its whole-hearted support in the fulfilment of your functions. 2. I wish to thank most warmly Mr. Jorge Illueca, your predecessor, and to pay a tribute to him for the outstanding way in which he conducted the work of the thirty-eighth session. 3. It is with great pleasure that I pay a tribute also to the work of the Secretary-General in the service of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. 4. It is also a pleasure to welcome to our midst the Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam, which has just been admitted to the United Nations and which, throu~ its efforts and its action, will certainly make Its contribution to the work of the Organization. S. This new session of the General Assembly is taking place at a time when the international scene is particularly strewn with risks. Tension is constantly increasing, disputes are becoming ag~ravated and increasingly acute, the economic criSIS is striking without pity at States, the gap between the rich and the poor countries is growing and the arms race, whose threat to international peace and security cannot be overemphasized, is being accelerated de- spite the good will of those who have sought in vain to slow it down. 6. This session's agenda includes for consideration various questions that are both important and corn- f;lex, prominent among them being the Mi~dle East crisis and the question of Palestine, a question which is of major concern to world public opinion and constitutes a severe threat to world peace, stability and security. 7. In the Middle East, the Palestinian people con- tinues to endure deprivations and a rootless existence NEW YORK and to. be the victim of tyranny, injustice and oppressIOn. 8. For 36 years the indigenous Arab people has been fighting for its freedom and inalienable rights, which have been recognized by the international community. That people expects the United Nations to help them to recover its rights and to resolve this problem, which poses a grave threat to stability and peace in the Middle East and in the world. 9. The constant attitude adopted by Israel vis-a.-vis the resolutions adopted by the Organization on this question is a blatant example of violation of the Charter and contempt for the role and credibility of the United Nations. In the region, Israel has followed a course of action without precedent in the history of colonization. It has pursued systematically the same policy of uprooting the Palestinian people, seizing its lands and property and doing its utmost to erase all traces of its dvilization and to cast a slur upon the sacredness of its holy places. Israel was not content with tryin~ to suppress the Palestinians as a people by Judaizmg their land: it has followed the same policy with regard to neighbouring Arab States, occupying and annexing certain of their territories. 10. On this question, the United Nations has adopted a large number of resolutions, all of which have recognized that the Palestinian people has the right to return, the right to self-determination and the right to establish on its territory an independent State, under the leadership of the Palestine Libera- tion Organization [PLO], the sole and legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. These reso- lutions condemn the Israeli folic)' of aggression represented by its occupation 0 terntories. They call upon Isr:.:.el to withdraw from all occupied Arab territories, but Israel has totally disregarded the United Nations resolutions and1 indeed, has stub- bornly continued to implement Its policy of expan- sion and usurpation. 11. The occupied Palestinian territory has recently experienced a new phase of the repressive policy, practised in order to empty the villages and towns of their Arab populations in order to Judaize them and establish new settlements. The town of AI-Quds ai- Sharif is daily the scene of grave events designed to Judaize the Holy City and change its physical character; the holy AI-Aqsa Mosque has been directly threatened by excavations in the subsoil and around that building by the occupation authorities. The Israeli authorities have been pursuing the implemen- tation of their plan in disregard for the feelings of Muslims and Christians and thus continue to disre- gard Security Council resolutions calling upon it to respect the status of AI-Quds. 12. The Kin~dom of Morocco, which had the honour of servmg as t}< ~ host country of the Fourth Islamic Summit Confertnce, held at Casablanca from resp,?nsibilitie~ .of that great ~ower.. This is the 22. The African continent is suffering the effects of consIstent posItIon of my SovereIgn, Kmg Hassan 11. two natural disasters: drought and desertification. 15. The fraternal people of Lebanon is stiH endur- The countries of the Sahel are almost permanently ing the drastic consequences of Israel's occupation of affected by drought; desertification also affects those its territories. The situation in that country has countries and threatens to spread to vast areas of deteriorated gravely; the peace and security of the Africa. Large numbers of people have been obliged to whole region are thereby threatened. Morocco, which leave their areas, as a result of which the economic is united with Lebanon by links of brotherhood, and social situation of the countries concerned has reaffirms its total support for the efforts of the seriously deteriorated. We believe that these disasters Lebanese Government to bring about national recon- can be tackled effectively only by means of far~ ciliation and safeguard Lebanon's sovereignty and reaching international action. Immediate arran~e- independence. We give our unreserved support to the ments must be made to help the stricken countrIes Lebanese demand for the withdrawal from its territo- and make it possible to alleviate the consequences of ries of the Israeli occupation forces. these disasters. 16. For more than four years, an atrocious war has 23. These situations undoubtedly constitute real been waged between two neighbouring Islamic coun- problems for Africa. The countries of the continent tries, Iraq and Iran. The Kingdom of Morocco deeply are called on to do their utmost, together, to resolve deplores the continuation of that war, which, with them, instead ofbeing preoccupied with artificial and each passing day, further destroys the potential of the imaginary problems sustained by selfish consider- two brotherly peoples. We hope that wisdom and ations. c~mmon sense will prevail and th~t aft~r the ~onclu- 24. The north-west region of Africa is a setting for slon ~f a cease-fire the tw~ countnes wIll arrIv~ at a one such artifidal problem-that of the Saharao After solUho~ ca1?able o~ rest,?rmg pea~e and se~uflty to my country had secured the decolonization of the t~e regIon, m keepmg WIth Secunty CouncIl resolu- Saharan provf,nces-decolonizatiol') which Morocco, hons. as in the cases of other provinces formally under 17. We wish to express our satisfaction with the French and Spanish rule and under international positive attitude of Iraq, reflected in its decision to administration, had carried out in strict conformity abide by the resolutions of the Security Council and with the rules of international law-the problem was respond favourably to the mediation mitiatives un- artificially revived for the express purpose of imped- derta.ken to put an end to the bloodshed. At the same ing my country's progress and exhausting its energy time, the Kingdom of Morocco ardently hopes that and potential. Although Moroccan rights are clear Iran win eventually adopt the same stance so as to and beyond dispute, my country has shown great guarantee the restoration of peace and stability and wisdom, good sense and patience and looks forward the safeguarding of Islamic energies and potential. to the future with optimism and a willingness to 18. We hope that the Islamic Peace Committee, continue to overcome difficulties. under the presidency of Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, 25. It is in this context that we must see the historic President of the Republic of the Gambia, together initiative of King Hassan 11, who, at the eighteenth with the other bodies acting to promote peace, will ordinary session of the Assembly of Heads of State attain successful results and that the region will thus a"1d Government of the Organization of African recover its tranquillity and security, enabling the two Unity [OA U], held at Nairobi in June 1981, an- r~p.orts by journalists and .politicians, who, having world and has bet~n following their evolution with vIsIted the regIon several tImes, saw for themselves close attention. Morocco has, on diverse occasions, the real state of affairs in our southern provinces, the made known its opinions on those problems. Those achIevements and the constructive work that had positions have been unswerving ar.d are based on been done there, and the calm and security in which Morocco's commitment to the basic principles of the the peoplr live, a people firmly committed to their United Nations and on its commitment to the Moroccan identity. resolutions adopted with regard to those problems by 31. The question is quite clear: Morocco, which the Organization of the Islamic Conference1 the took the imtiative concerning the organization of the League of Arab States and regional organizatIons. r~fe~endu~, a$ain declare~ its willingness to co-oper- 38. The arms race continues to be one of the most :':;.10 facllItatmg th~ hold109 of th~ referendum. yve crucial concerns of the General Assembly. The l '~.u.eve that the r~terendu~ prOVides the effectl,:e frenzied arms race poses a severe threat to interna- baSiS for the solutIon of thiS problem. Mor~cco IS tional peace and security; it drains vast financial and always ready to co-operate towards that end WIth the material resources and considerable human and OAU. technological energy. It has deplorable repercussions 32. The Kingdom of Morocco, which believes in the on international relations and on international co- idea of a united Arab Maghreb and in Arab unity, operation in particular. Accordingly, the Kingdom of which has worked towards that end ever since the Morocco deplores the slowness with which the Pro- days in which it was struggling to regain its own gramme of Action adopted at the tenth special independence and which, furthermore, has greatly session of the General Assembly, the first special contributed to the attainment of African unity, has session devoted to disarmament, in 1978 [resolution ~owards. complete and general disarmament under 48. Mr. TOURE (Guinea) (interpretation from InternatIOnal control. French): Mr. President~ since this is the first time that 39. Certain aspects of the current world economic I have had the honour and privilege of addressing crisis do~ of course~ have an impact on the countries this Assembly on behalf of the Second Republic of of the North~ but the crir,is is of particular gravity for Guinea, allow me to congratulate you most warmly those ofthe South and is a source of deep concern for on your election to the presidency of the thirty-ninth the developing countries. session of the General Assembly ~ which came as a 40. There are many reasons for the crisis. The surprise to !I0 one. We would also lik~ to pay ~ well- principal reason~ however~ lies in the fact that de~erv~d tnbut~ to y~ur country~ whIch hap~I1y has economic relations among States arp. stiU governed by solId tI~s of fr~endshlp and mutu~l trust ~Ith t~e a certain tendency towards monopolization. We RepublIc of Gu!nea. Your outstand~ng quah~le's~ S~r~ firmly believe that the crisis will worsen if such as a sea~oned dIplomat and your. WIde ej{pene~ce In relations are not viewed in a spirit ofNorth-South co- th,e affaIrs of State~ together WIth yo.ur ad!UlrabJe operation in keeping with the needs of our era and wlsdom~ .guarantet: that the work ,!f thIS sessl~n w!ll capable of promoting constructive co-operation p~oceed In the senous.and. t~anq~.lll w, J !eqUlrt:d In among the countries concerned. ,,:Iew of the present dIsqUIetIng InternatIonal sltua- 41. Our increasingly interdependen: world makes it tlon. essential that we thInk in terms of establishing an 49. It is also a pleasure for our delegation to express international economy based on c~mplementarity its. ~ongratul~tions. to Mr. Jorge Illueca for. the and co-operation between the countnes of the South bnllIant way In whIch he led the work of the thlrty- and of the North, the producers of raw materials and eighth session. the industrialized countries. 50. We welcome, too, the new State of Brunei 42. The obstinate refusal of the developed countries Darussalam on its admission as the 159th Member of to meet the legitimate demands of the third-world the large United Nations family and assure its countries could well bring about an economic situa- Government and people of the readiness of the tion that would be harmful to all the States of the Government and people of Guinea to co-operate world. with it. 43. Ten years after the adopt,ion of the Lima 51. We would also like, on behalf of Colonel Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Devel- Lansana Konte~ President of the Republic of Guinea~ opment and Co-operation,4 the developing countries to take this opportunity to express to the Secretary- are stiB waiting for the industrialized countries to General the deep gratitude of the Military Commit- live up to the commitments they assumed within the tee of National Recovery and the Government of the framework of that Plan for the improvement of Second Republic for the commendable and tireless investment conditions in the developing countries efforts he has made for the peaceful settlement of the an.d th~ guarantee of the stability. of ra'Y materials international problems facing the United Nations. pnces In ord~r to protect the legItImate Interests of 52. As the Assembly is aware~ as a result of its those COUi1tr~es. categoric and historic "no" in the referendum of 28 44. There can be no doubt that the debt burden September 1958, the courageous people of Guinea weighing upon the third-world countries is quite achieved full sovereignty on 2 October 1958 in a capable of creating serious upheavals in the world great outburst of enthusiasm and hope-enthusiasm economic system and its monetary and financial at having broken the chains of colonialism and hope institutions. That system must enable developing for a future that held every promise of brilliance. countries to. enjoy their. true shar~ o~ intern~tional 53. Unfortunately~ little by little, as time went on~ trade by d.omg aw~y WIth prot~ctloDlst. bafners. the Guinean citizen, who had fought like a lion~ who 45. The Sixth sessIOn of the Umted NatIons Confer- had made so many sacrifices and suffered all manner ence on Trade and Development, held at Belgrade in of deprivations to lead our country to independence~ 1983, and the Fourth General Conference of the saw the noble objectives for whIch he had fought United Nations Industrial Development Organiza- betrayed. Since then~ unfortunately~ the people of tion, held at Vienna this year~ are only two of the Guinea, powerless under the burden of a totalitarian many attempts made to find a common ground and bloody regime~ suffered body and soul~ shed between the positions of the countries of the North tears for the thousands of innocent victims~ including and those of the South. the finest of its sons~ who were assassinated in cold 46. The Kingdom of Morocco urges the developed blood, and witnessed the inevitable deterioration of countries to make their positions more flexible in all its values and socio-economic conditions. order to bring about ~ new internation~l e~onomic 54. A people stifled, oppressed and confounded; a order that woul.d take Int~ account the Vital mterests people discouraged by the prospect of a future of the developIng countnes. without food; a people lacking hospitals and medi- 47. The world is passing through grave crises and is cines; a people lacking viable schools~ much less being forced to cope with delicate problems. How- decent housing; a people without means of transport ever, we have all placed our hope in the United and good roads; a people whose needs are immense Nations in order to promote the best solutions that and whose misfortunes are many-this is the legacy can make possible the attainment of an international of 26 years of a reign whose cynicism vied with its community based on tranquillity~ security and the cruelty; this is the true face of the martyred people of suffi~lent mcentJv~,s has Just been prepared and others bein~ lulled by the continuation of this publIshed. dangerous Situation so that they may prevent the 59. Need we star.e that what prevails now in Guinea exercise by the Namibian people of Its inalienable is freedom, the real freedom of which our people right to independence, a right admirably defended by drea~t ~n tha~ flee~ing dawn of 28 Sel?tember. What the valiant freedom fighters of SWAPO. prevaIls.m GUI~ea IS demo,cracy, gen~l1ne democracy 69. Given the tragedy of Namibia, the United and fruItful dlalo~u~,. ,,:hlch c~n glye freedom to Nations cannot afford to be the passive instrument of hearts, mmds a~d.mltlatlvt-. G~unea IS now a haven base individual interests without losing its credibility of peace, tranqUIllIty and secufl.ty, open to. th~ "Y0rld in the eyes of public opinion. It must demand that all at large an.d where human rIghts and mdlvldual its Members strictly respect its decisions so as to freedoms WIll be zealously defended and completely induce racist South AfrIca to accept the complete respected. implementation of Security Council resolution 435 60. From this rostrum we reaffirm our complete (1978), which is the only way of leading the Namib- adherence to the Charter of the United N~tions, the ian people to self-determination and national inde- Organization ofAfrican Unity, the non-aligned coun- pendence. tries and the Organizati.o~of the Islamic Confer~nce. 70. In the past, in the present and in the future, the ~e ex~end our uncondl~lonal ~upport to ~ll natIOnal Republic of Guinea opposed, opposes and will hb~ratlon m~vements. m Afflca, the MIddle East, continue to oppose with increasing energy, resolve ASIa and Latm Amenca. and determination the manoeuvres of those who 61. We are determined fiercely to combat foreign want to link the freedom of the fraternal people of domination, racism, apartheid, zionism and any use Namibia to problems relating to the sovereignty ofan of foree to resolve international problems. We shall independent African State, Angola. i~ prolonging a~d. ex~ce.rbatin~ tension is.unques- community and to all people of g<;lodwill to support tlonable. By ~erslshng m Its poll.cy of occup~mg.Ar~b the sincere efforts of the DemocratIc People's Repub- lands, by usmg force to establish and mamtam It~ lie of Korea to begin a constructive dialogue between domination in the region, by adopting an attitude of the peoples of the north and the south of the Korean superiority bordering on disdain and arrogance, nation with a view to creating a confederal republic. Israel is ha.rdly working towards the estab.lishment of The Korean people, whether of the nort~ or !Jf the pe~ce, a sme qua. non for peaceful coexistence and south, aspire only to peace and the reumfic.atlOn of fruitful co-operatIOn between Jews and Arabs. their homeland. The mternational commumty must 78. We are firmly convinced that nothing solid, ~uPI?0rt its efforts to attain th~t objective by expJ ~ ..;- lasting and effective can be accomplished towards 109 Its support for the fina! withdrawal of ~ll foreIgn solving the problem of the Middle .E~st unl.ess forces .and the transformatIOn of the armIstIce agree- account is taken of the fact of the PalestinIan natIOn ment mto a peace agreement. UT b l' h d' h' S d D' mg access to technology, and an alarmmg mcrease m . nee leve t a~ unn~ t IS econ . Isarm- their foreign debt. ament Decade, t~e m~ernatlonal ~ommuDJty must 99. Our delegation is convinced that the only ensure the effe~tlve Implementation of the P~o- possible way to restore equal opportunities in North- gramme of ActIOn adopted at the tenth special S h .. b . h fi . £'. • f session of the General Assembly [resolution S-10/2, out co-~peratlOnIS to. est~ lIs rulhul rel~tIons 0 sect. Ill] and resolutely prevent any action that might c~-operatIon pased o~ Justice and mutual mterests, change its objectives and imperil its results With .tht: Umted NatIOns as a framework for the . .. . . '. . negotIatIons. 8.9. The .deterIOratIOn m the mtern~tl<?nal pol!tlcal 100. In addition to economic difficulties, in some sltuatlo~ IS, un~ortunately, reflect~d m. mternatlOnal cases our countries hre facing natural disasters; this ~co~omlc .rel~tlons, wh~~e.th~ sltuat.lOn does not remains the sorry plight of the third-world countries. mspue optimism. The cnsls m mternatIonal econom- 0 . I" fi~ 't'" ic relations and the ever-widening gap between the 1 i. In a gnm.world Situation, .i au~t WI. h cnSls, It developing countries and the industrialized countries should be mentIoned,. among oth~r thmgs, (.~at more threaten the stability and ind'pendence ofour States than half of the. AfrI~an co~ntnes are ~mlcted by \; . drought. A rapidly mcreasmg population growth 90. The imbalance designed and maintained by the contrasts with the vertical drop in fc{)d production. rich countries tends to continue, to tt ~ detriment of In these cond~tions, it can easily be 'understood why, our nations, thus creating a basically anachronistic cn our continent, about 150 mitlion persons are situation in which the rich become richer and the victims of famine, according to FAO estimates. poor become poorer. 102. That is why my delegation believes that by 91. It is therefore fitting to stress the injustice ofthe giving massive assistance to put into effect the present international economic system, which brutal- programme to combat desertification in Africa, in ly affects the developing countries, obstructing all accordance \Ivtth General Assembly resolution their attempts to escape the tragic situation in which 34/184, the international community can fulfil one of they are struggling. its duties of solidarity, in the framework of interna- 92. Initiatives aimed at getting the rich countries to tional co-operat~on. . participate in negotiations on the global development 103. The solution t~ the complex problems facmg of all the present problems-raw materials, energy our w~rld ~oday requires, more than ev~r before~. the and trade, money, finances and industrial and agri- consolIdatl~n of the. role that the Umted N~tlons cultural development-have been met with reluc- !Dust pl~y m the mamtenanc~ and st~engthenmg of tance by some developed countries. Yet, the many l!1ternahonal peace ~nd sec~rIty and 1!1 t~e promo- discussions between the North and the South, the hon .of respect fo~ mterna.tlonal law m mter-State various agreements and the adoption of General relat~ons. The ~mted Natlo~s must. be~ome a.dy- Assembly resolution 34/138 had given a glimmer of namlc and effective forum so ~hat major mtem~tIon- hope to some al problems can be tackled from the global pomt of • . t ' . view and so that thereby the most complex problems ~3. For years now, a pom...has been made m all of the world can be settled. If those objectives are to mternatlOnal fo~ms o.f the Importa~ce of North- be attained, an assessment of United Nations activi- South co-operation. It I~ a theme which has merely ties is necessary in order to increase its effectiveness caused a great deal of mk to flow. and to adapt its structures to the international 94. That is why it is desirable that today the community's present-day and future requirements international community should make a realIty of and realities. It is also important that, in its interna- that co-n?eration, so that our peoples, which are tional conduct, every State should respect the norms facing a iistressing economic situation, may at last of law and of ethics. 108. For a long time following our independence, we continued to be captive to an alien culture and civilization far removed from our heritage and spiritual and cultural values. Then, on 25 May 1969, came the revolution that emancipated the will of the nation and gradually took the country back to its cultural heritag\e, through the Islamic way of life. The Sudan, by choosing the Islamic way of life, is a proponent of unity and fraternity for all its citizens, Muslims as well as adherents to other religions. The Islamic way of life in our country means conciliation and love, with no violence and no imposition. It means rule by democracy and rationalization. It is rule that interacts with human civilization, open- mindedly and in a spirit of compromise. 109. President Nemery, in his address to the nation on 1 January this year, said: "We shall not allow anybody to lead us to conflict and disunity in the name of religion. Sudan, under the shadow and by virtue of Islam, will be a model of the peaceful coexistence of different cultures, beliefs and religions. God willing, Sudan will be a model for a real Islamic awakening, uplifted by the values of Islam and renewed by its teachings. We shall not be a nucleus for embattlement but will, rather, remain a model admired by alL" 110. The Islamic way of life in our count.ry is an expression of the will of the Sudanese people to determine their national goals and ultimately create a just and caring society. It is a way of life that respects human ri~ts in their totality, including the rights of non-MuslIms, enabling them to practice their beliefs and cultural activities. t~e medlUm- and long-term needs for the rehabilita- 125., One h~.md~ed years have I?assed smce ,t~e hon ,of agricu~ture, industry and infrastructure, thus foreIgn dommatI~~ and occupatl~n of N~mlbla makmg possIble the resumption of endeavours beg~n. The Namlb.Ian .people ~s stIll strugglIng to towards economic and social development. achIeve self-determmatlOn and mdependence. How- 120 W l'; , , . ever, then~ is no sign of an imminent solution to this ren' . ,e ,lully re~ognIze that d~a;h,ng wIth the ~ur- problem. The situation poses a basic challenge to the t cr!SIS IS the pnmary responslblhty of the Afncan ability of the United Nations to expedite the achieve- ~~~ntne~ t,hemselv~s. However, the scop,e and n~ture ment of Namibian independence in conformity with he cn,sls J!lake It ,n,ecessary that t~e mternatlOnal the peace plan endorsed by the Security Council in i~~rmunIty, m a SPlrt.t of co-o~e~a~lo~ and mut!Jal resolution 435 (1978). It is imperative here to est~ assume a baSIC responslblhty m supportmg denounce and reject South Africa's attempts to use the Afncan efforts. Namibia's independence to serve its own interests 121: W~ believe that the, World. Bank's plan for and to link it to extraneous issues that are not part of Afnca, WIll be very useful m securmg the necessary the peace plan. The settlement of the question of ~allant~y waged by SWAPO i~ Namibia and t~e of the Organization of ~frican Unity will break the hberatIon movements, m partIcular the ANC, m impasse and resolve thIS problem. southern Africa., , , ,159. As regards the situation in Chad, I welc~me 154. As the Fmal Commumque of the SummIt the agreement recently signed by France and LIbya Meeting of the Front-line States, which was held at and call upon our Chadian brothers and sisters to Arusha on 29 April 1984, so eloquently stated: take advantage of this opportunity to bring abo~t "Peace is incompatible with racism and colonial- national reconciliation, peace and prosperity to theIr ism. , . , Neither military might nor devious po- country. litical machinations . . . can defeat the idea of 160. The difficulties Africa is facing in the political freedom and racial equality."? arena are more than matched by the alarming We in Ethiopia earnestly hope that this self-evident econo~ic and s~c~al condition in w,hich, it c~rrently and historic truth will be heeded by those few finds Itself. AfrIca s present sorry sItuatIon IS not a countries which consider that fortress of apartheid as sudden phenomenon but, rather, the result of the a natural ally and a bastion of Western civilization. It cumulatIve impact of a nUl!1ber of adverse factors is, however, gratifying to note that the international that have plagued the regIOn. The wounds that aspe~t~ pf Africa's cris~s lie beyon~ tb;e c~pacity and countries have made a continuous appeal for com- pOSSIbIlItIes of the Afncan countnes mdIvidually or mon pros,erity. They have persistently and earnestly collectively, and many of the basic elements of our advocated the restructuring of the present lopsided crisis are either under the control of nature or in the and inequitable international economic order. arena of international economic relations. In both ~evertheless,all efforts to seek structural adjustment cases, Africa's capacity to influence or change deci.. m the system and to adopt measures required to sively the direction of events is obviously very alleviate the conditions of the developing countries limited. have met with stubborn resistance from some devel- 176. Nevertheless, we have not failed to try to find oped countries. solutions. Indeed, not only did the fortieth ordinary 181. This failure to act in concert to deal adequate- session of the Council of Ministers of the Organiza- ly with the alarming global situation has, in turn, tion of African Unity, held at Addis Ababa from 27 further aggravated the international economic eli- February to 5 March 1984, address itself fully to the mate. In this connection, it must be realized that crisis but, as a follow-up to the resolution adopted at each time the international community fails to take that session [see A/39/207, resolution CM/Res.928 measures commensurate with the seriousness of the (XL)], the Conference of Ministers of the Economic problem, not only the poor but also the rich are Commission for Africa, at its tenth meeting, held at bound to be affected. Addis Ababa from 24 to 28 May 1984, adopted a 182. Ethiopia will therefore continue to urge the Special Memorandum on Africa's Economic and international community to take bold and concrete Social Crisis.8 That Memorandum was submitted to measures with a view to establishing the new interna- the Economic and Social Council at its second tional economic order. The interdependence of n'i- regular session in 1984 with the conviction that its tions makes it imperative that this global challenge consideration would lead to concrete action by the be met with a global response. We earnestly hope that internat~onal comn:tunity. In that Memorandum, as the economic power centres concerned will reassess well as In the AddiS Ababa Declaration on Africa;s their present situation, bearing in mind that only External Indebtedness, adopted by the African Min- effective and imaginative measures will create posi- isters of Finance,9 Africa has stated its well-consid- tive opportunities for fruitful co-operation, outweigh- ered and collective opinion on the crisis, with specific ing the short-term advantage of predominance. recommendations as to what role it expects the .183. ~ihi!e t~e overwhelf!ling majority of man~ind international community to play. IS langUIshmg m untold mIsery and squalor, billIons 177. Regrettably, however, the debate in the Eco- of dollars and millions of man-hours are recklessly nomic and Social Council, although it showed an wasted each day on the production, testing and understanding of and sympathy for the African crisis, stockpiling of weapons of mass destruction. Clearly, ended without any agreed declaration. It is my nothing demonstrates better than this stark fact that fervent hope, therefore, that, at this session, the the world has lost its moral compass. General Assembly will succeed where the Economic 184..The united opposition of the vast majority of and Social Council has failed and come out with a mankmd to the nuclear-arms race notwithstanding, declaration pledging the full support of the interna- new, more deadly and more accurate nuclear-weapon tional community in solving Africa's economic crisis systems are being produced and stationed in several increasLI~gly becoming a military zone. subv~rsion from within, WIth the open assistance of 188. Tue presence of military forces, the establish- the Gove'nment ef the United States. ment of imperialist military bases and the acquisition 196. In expressin~ Ethiopia's support for and f;oli- of military facilities, the setting up of new military darity with the rraternal and gallant people of command posts and structures and the show of Nicaragua and its Government, I once agam call military power through so-called military exercises upon the United States Administration to abandon not only pose a threat to the security of tue littoral its ho~tility towards the Sandinist revolution and and hinterland States but also aggravate relations instead join the peace process initiated and pursued among nations both within and outside the region, with so much wisdom and perserverance by the endangering international peace and security. We Contadora Group. believe that this dangerous trend of the militarization 191. Before I conclude my statement, please permit of the region must be stopped and reversed. In this fl . bl f d I connection, Ethiopia is convinced that the convening me l,rie y to apprIse the Assem y 0 recent eve op- . Ice ments in my own country. As all members will recall, at Colombo of the long-awaIted intemationa onler- it is now 10 years since the Ethiopian revolution ence on the Indian Ocean can make a positive ushered in fundamental changes in the politica.i, contribution towards this objective. economic and social system of the nation. Most of 189. The paradox that the absence of war does not these eventful years, however, were not years of constitute peace is more obvious today than at any tranquillity in which we were able to devote all our time in the past, a glaring example of which is the energies solely to the realization of our cherished situation in the Middle East. The quiet that pervades goals of economic and social development. Those the Middle East today is more apparent than r~al, for were years which, parallel to the restructuring of our the fundamental cause of all the conflicts m the society, were spent, to a large degree, in the defence region still remains unattended to. It is Ethiopia's of the gains of our revolution and the territoria' long-standing position that no solution can be viable integrity of our motherland. These preoccupations and long-lasting unless and until it addresses itself to notwithstanding, appreciable advances have, how- the legitimate right of the Palestinian people to ever, been made tu strengthen the social infrastruc- establish an independent State in their territory. tures of the country .and to ameliorate the well-being 190. Ethiopia is compelled, therefore, to reiterate of the masses. its call for the exercise by the Palestinian people of its 198. The achievements of the last 10 years in ~ight to self-determination, and to this end expresses eradicating from Ethiopia the age-old enemies of Its support for the holding of an intemationaJ. peace mankind-namely, ignorance, disease and poverty- conference on the Middle East in which the PLO, the are a source of particular satisfaction to the Ethiopi- sole and legitimate representative of the Palestinian an people. Today, the scourge of illiteracy is fast people, will participate on an equal footing with all disappearing from the face of our nation. The drive the other parties concerned. to expand formal education and primary health care 191. As in the Middle East, the quiet in Cyprus, in is ga~ning momentum. Agricultural and industrial the KOI\.':l.n peninsula and elsewhere is deceptive. development is accorded high priority in order to C)prus is still divided. Since recent developments provide our people not only with the basic necessities gIve no cause for optimism, we again call on all of life but also a higher level of material and spiritual 2~O. We are convmced. that t~e establIshment .of welcoming the new State of BruneI Darussalam mto thIS Party and the adoptIon of I~S I?r?gramm~ rem- the community of free and independent nations. Its force, more than ever befor~, EthlOp~a s commItment presence in the General Assembly signifies once to the Charter of the Umted NatIons and of the again the continued realization of one of the prime Organization ofAfrican Unity and to the.policies and objectives for which the Unitf~d Nations was created, p~inciples of the M.ovement of N.on-AlIgned Cou:t:l- namely, the elimination of colonialism. It a~so bri!1gs tn~s.. We WIll cont~nue to ~e gUIded by the baSIC the United Nations closer to the goal of umversalIty. pnncIp~es of soverel~n ~qua~Ity o~ States, respect for 210. Namibia, for a century, has had and still !he. um~y. and terntonal .mtegnty .of States, t~e continues to endure colonial domination, first by mVI~labIhty of S.tate frontIers, non-mterference m imperial Germany and now by apartheid South the mternal a.ffalfs or other. States, and peaceful Africa. The situation prevailing in Namibia is well settlement of. mternatlOnal dIsputes. known to us all. It is a situation arising from South 201: The faI~ure of .some Sta~es to obserye th~se Africa's colonialism and illegal occupation. It is bas~c rules ~f mternatIOnal r.ela;lOns and the!r polIcy painful to the Namibian people who endure it and of lfr~dentlsm ~md. expanSIOmsm, .subversIOn and are fighting for their independence under the leader- terr<?nsm, explOltatI.on of natl;lr.al dIsasters fo~ ~elf- ship of SWAPO, their sole and authentic representa- servmg and short-sIghted. polItIcal ends, malIcIOUS tive. It is also painful to the front-line States which, pr~paganda and aggre~sIve wars. haye been the because of their support for the liberation struggle, primary causes for conflIct and tenSIOn m our part of art; victims of South Africa's aggression and destabi- the world. lization. 202. For p~ace! stability .and .co~ol?eration. among 211. The Security Council, by its resolution 435 ~tat~s to thn~e. m our r~glOn, It IS ImperatIve th~t (1978), endorsed the United Nations plan for the lfratIonal hostIlIty must gIve way ~o reaso.n. Intr~nsl- independence of Namibia. It was hoped then that gence must be replaced by compl~ance wI.th regIOnal Namibia would be inde:Jendent within a year. For consensus.. Th.e Charter ~f the U!1lted N~tIons a,:,d of the last six years, the fulfilment of that hope has the QrgamzatIOn of Afncan Umty and mternatIonal eluded us. Since the adoption of the plan, the hopes treatIes must be fully respected. of the international community have been raised 203. With our revolution 10 years old, we in time and again, only to be dashed by the premeditat- Ethiopia face the future with increased confidence ed obstruction of Pretoria and its allies. and optimism. We. lo~k forward .to working .with 212. The latest example of that obstruction is the eve~ more. deter~m~tIOn to attam. our ~henshed injection of the extraneous issue of linkage between foreIgn pol~cy obJect!~~s. Our ~lon0':ls.hIstory of Namibian independence and the withdrawal of Cu- st~uggle agamst colomallsf!l and ImpenalIsm WIll be ban troops from Angola in the negotiations by South remfo~ced by our determ.med quest. f<?r peace, ~o- Africa, supported by the United States. We cannot operatIon and understandmg both wlthm our regIOn accept that the future of Namibians should be and beyond. sacrificed on account of East-West confrontation. 204. All those whn entertain vain territorial ambi- The trading of a people's freedcm and national tion, and those who see their own strength onl)' in a independence is not only reprehensible, but immoral. weakened Ethiopia, will never find us wanting m our I wish to reiterate Uganda's position of total rejection d~terf!linati.on to pay ~ny price in th~ d~fen~e of ~ur of that linkage. hIstonc umty, sovereIgnty an~ terntonal mt~gnty. 213. The racist regime has embarked on a fresh But all those who .want to reclpro~ate our ,PolIcy ~f diplomatic offensive whose immediate aim is to peaceful co-opera~l~n and good-nelghbonrlIness WIll disarm SWAPO and to deny it external support. always find us wlllmg partners. Ultimately, they think they can make it impossible 205. The struggle continues. for the people of Namibia, under the leadership of 206. Mr. OWINY (Uganda): It is a source of pride SWAPO, to win power. That manoeuvre is also and pleasure for my delegation that a distinguished directed at winning international legitimacy and son of Zambia, a fraternal African country, presides recognition for Pretoria's stooges-the so-called Mul- over the work of the Organization. We warmly ti-Party Conference in Namibia. re~ources badly needed to meet the economic and and food aid to feed a large percentage of its social challenges of our time-in particular, the population. The present crisis is further undermining urgent need to narrow the gap between developed the weak economies of African countries and poses a and developing countries. serious threat to the well-being of the people of 232. The vast stockpiles and tremendous buildup of Africa. arms and armed forces and the competition for the 238. Africa recognizes that the primary responsibil- qualitative refinement of weapons of all kinds, to ity for the development of African economies rests which scientific resources and technological advances with the Governments and peoples of African States. are diverted, pose an incalculable threat to peace. We have taken the necessary measures to grapple Disarmament is an imperative and most urgent task with the crisis. It is for this reason that African facing the international community. We cannot but Ministers responsible for economic development and be disheartened by the total absence of concrete planning made an urgent appeal for massive assis- negotiated results in that direction. My delegation tance from the international community, in " Special therefore calls for the resumption of the intermedi- Memorandum on Africa's Economic and Social ate-range and strategic weapons talks between the Crisb,8 addressed to the second regular session of the Soviet Union and the United States, a total ban on Economic and Social Council in 1984, to comple- the development, production, stockpiling and de- ment and supplement the individual and collective ployment ofchemical weapons, the urgent conclusion efforts of African States. of a treaty prohibiting an arms race in outer space 239. The initiative and interest which the Secre- and speedy progress towards general and complete tary-General took in this matter early this year were disarmament. very timely and deeply appreciated by the Govern- 233. The continuing deterioration of the world ments and people of Africa. The response of the economic situation remains a matter of grave con- international community, particularly the developed cern to my delegation. Since the beginnin~ of the countries) has, however, been very disappointing. decade, the world economy has been afflIcted by The failure of the Economic and Social Council to acute recession and unsteady monetary and financial reach a consensus on measures to assist Africa to conditions. International trade and economic growth, avert the impending catastrophe is a source of deep particularly in the developing world, continue to concern to my delegation. It is our earnest hope that experience sharp declines. Primary-commodity at this session the General Assembly will adopt the prices have declined, and the terms of trade for necessary measures to assist Africa in its current developing countries, like my own, have deteriorated economic difficulties. drastically. High interest rates, soaring inflation and 240. Within its lifespan, the United Nations has unemployment, compounded by heavy debt-service achieved much. Notwithstanding this, many prob- obligations, have mounted. This has precipitated lems remain. Colonialism, racism, foreign occupa- acute difficulties in our countries. tion and domination still persist in southern Africa, 234. We remain convinced that the only viable the Middle East and elsewhere. Poverty and atten- solution that can deliver the impoverished nations dant injustice are still prevalent in the world. In its from this economic situation lies in the qualitative constant search for solutions to the problems of restructuring of the unequal economic relations be- world peace and the well-being of peoples, the United tween the developed and developing countries. Nations must have the support of all its Member 235. Uganda remains committed to the legitimate States. demand of the Group of 77 for a new international 241. In conclusion, I wish, on behalfof the Govern- economic order based on equality and justice. Global ment and people of Uganda, to reaffirm our faith in negotiations that envisage just, equitable economic and commitment to the United Nations. v~sseJs a~d also for brake shoes, batte!y covers and which have shown confidence in it. My country is od plpehnes~ ~nd manganese, used Ul metallurgy thus rigorously adhering to the programme establish- for all alumInIUm alloys." ed by the IMF. We will continue with that rigorous The same report estimates that policy because it is a sound one and we are reaping "a 30 per cent reduction in chrome imports for just its fruits. It would be wrong to decide unilaterally one year would bring to a standstill the activities that we would. n~ longer p~y our debts. The world that depend on it and result in a 25 per cent fall in knows that thIS IS not a smecure. the gross national product." 279. The creditors must understand the difficulties It also states that: of the debtor countries, for goodwill ~lone does not "Ifjust one of the five producer countries cut off always suffice; Clearly what would be Ideal vyould be . ~ f: . to pay on tIme; but even after scheduhng and Its supply cf !TIanganese-9abo~, South A nca, rescheduling these countries will not be able to Austraha, IndIa and Brazd-thls would create . ' h . . I h 'major troubles for the Western economy' accord- c~ntInue to ~~et t elf comm.tt~ents un es~ t eyare . . . h" . h gIven a mInImum of flexIbIlIty, allOWIng them mg to another report corr~mlssloned by t e Br!tl~ breathing space so as to begin min~mal recovery. GO~,ernment at the request of the Industry Mmls- Otherwise those countries will be bled dry and ter.. ruined, and they will not be able to pay back their The same author contInues: debts, which ofcourse will benefit neither the debtors "The industrial world is discovering that its nor the creditors. There is a popular saying in my survival depends on the third world just as much count.ry to the effect that if a hernia kills a person it as that of the third world depends on it. It is the should not feel any satisfaction, for it will accompany third world that has supplied it with the material that person to the grave. This, we think, shows ~he means for its unprecedented expansion in the third situation of the creditor countries and the debtor quarter of the century, the fruits of which it could countries and how they are in the final analysis not share. While its living standard has doubled linked. and its average per cap~ta income went up by 100 280. No sound and ~enuine co-operation or solidar- per cent, that of the th!rd world went up by three ity is possible in relationships of subjection. Such co- dollars a year per caplta."12 operation can be conceived of only if the partners 274. However, despite this interdependence, in involved are free. When they are not, even when present circumstances the poor countries are too there is some kind of understanding on the part of weak to hope to bring lasting and effective pressure the master, it is not solidarity but mere condescen- to bear on the rich countries. The case of the oil- sion. res1?ec~ ~y all States for the fundamental rights of 300. The origins ofmany ofthese achievements can theIr cItlzenry. It follows, therefore, t~at each State, be attributed to the initiatives by developing coun- large .or small, ~as a role t~ play m the ov~ra~l tries and smali States. In the case of the United questIon. of secunty, from WhICh these stated prmCI- Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a single pIes denve. small State evoked the awareness of the international 296. The Charter of the United Nations explicitly community concerning the need for order, co2lective and implicitly asserts these principles and promotes security and co-operation in the global commons of these objectives. For us, these objectives resolve into the ocean. The recent history of the United Nations three essential elements: first, the maintenance of reveals that small States and developing countries international peace and security; secondly, the have contributed importantly in shaping the perspec- achievement of international co-operation; and, tives ofthe Organization in the contmuous process of thirdly, the resolution of international economic and its dynamic evolution. social problem~. ... 301. However, a more careful scrutiny of the inter- 2~7. The attamme~t of th~se objectIves constIt!Jtes national scene reveals that peace and security as for us fundame~tal ImperatIves and c~n be reah~e~ global objectives continue to elude us. only by the full mvolvement and m,eaOlngful partIcI- 302. Trinidad and Tobago has witnessed with grave patI~n o~ .all States. a~ t~e>, b~mg to bear the concern the developments which have taken place in partlculantIes of theIr mdIVIdua.i. ~ystems on the southern Africa over the last year, for they represent general thrus~ toward~ world .stablht~. The .role of a new stage in Pretoria's entrenchment of apartheid smal) States m pursUIt of thIS go~l IS partIcularly within its borders and the extension of its sinister cruCIal. For too lon~, the rIghts and mter~~ts o~ small influence beyond them. We emphatically reject Pre- Stat~s ~av~ occup~ed a s~condaI'Y pOSItIon ~n the toria's attempt to hoodwink the international com- ~etelI1?-matIon o~ mternat~onal problems WhICh at munity into believing that the tricameral constitution tImes mvolve theIr very eXIstence. Small States must introduced last month represents a reform and be heard; small States must be encouraged to make 1 . f h 'd Th . . . themselves heard' and small States must be allowed re axatIon 0 apartel: . e new. constItutIon IS t'; 1 " 'b hi'· f 11 clearly an attempt to dIvIde the dIspossessed non- lul opportuOlty to contr~ ut~ to.t e reso utlon 0 a white majority and refine and entrench the apartheid que~tlOns that affect t.heI~ vItal Interest.s and t~ the system. My delegation reiterates that apartheid can- achIevement of the o.bJectIve~of the UOlted NatlO,ns. not be reformed; it must be entirely dismantled. 298. In the field of mternatIonal peace and securIty, ' ... . the United Nations has avoided global conflagration, 3~3.. The ~ItuatIon In occupied and explOIted Na- but has not achieved world peace; we have limited mIbI~ rerpaIns another source of deep concern. The the spread of nuclear weaponry, but have not elimi- Te.rntory.s for~e~l~ abu~dant natural.resources are nated it. Through our continued efforts, we have beIng rapIdly dISSlpa!ed, In contraventIon of Decree sensitized the international community to the lethal No. ~ ~or ,~he ProtectIon of t~e .Natural ~esources ~f consequences of more sophisticated armaments and NamIblal . enacted by the UnIted Natlons Cou~cll mobilized world consciousness against their use. for :t'lamIbIa on 27 Se~t~mb~r 1974; and (he UnIted Developing countries, dwarfed in the power stru$gle NatIons plan ,for Naml~la!1 mdepen~ence, endorsed of sophisticated weaponry, have raised their VOIces by t~e Sec~nty CouncIl m resolutIon 435 .<1978), against the development of destructive arms, includ- remams unImplemen~~d. Indeed, my delegation has ing chemical weapons, and condemned their use taken note,of Pret~f1as late~t moves to bypass the because of the dangers they pose to mankind. The plan ,a~d Impose Its ~wn Inde~endence pi.an on voices of dew"loping countries and small States have NamIbIa by means of Its protege, the Multi-Party sustained a moral force against the use and prolifera- Conference. tion ofnuclear and other armaments. Without the co- 304. It is time for the Organization to put an end to operation and commitment of developed countries, the ceaseless machinations and prevarications of that however, we cannot succeed. repugnant regime and determine to deal with it in an 299. The achievements of the Organization in the effective .a~d unequivocal manner in accordance with maintenance of international peace and security in the.provlsl0!lS of Chapter VII of the Charter of the other areas appear more encouraging. The process of UOlted Nations. decolonization is almost complete, in accordance 305. The international scene continues to be strewn with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV); the with obstacles, and certain eni~matic events chal- rights of the people of Palestine have been recog- lenge the very fabric of estabhshed and accepted nized; the choice of a means for settlement of the Charter prinCIples. Profligate expenditure by some outstanding border question between Guyana and States on armaments continues. The Middle East is Venezuela has been referred to the Secretary-General in turmoil, and a potentially explosive war persists in in recognition of the central role of the··United Central America In spite of the worthy efforts of the Nations in the peaceful settlement of disputes among Contadora Group; the situation in Afghanistan is still nations; apartheid has been unequivocally con- not resolved; the efforts ofseveral groups to achif;ve a demned and must now be eradicated and excised political settlement in Kampuchea have yet to bear from human memory; Namibia's right to indepen- success; and the problem of Cyprus remains unset- dence and sovereignty has been recognized in spite of tied. My Government is of the view that a just and the ill-founded refusal of South Africa to abandon its lasting settlement of this question can come only illegal occupation of that Territory. The adoption in through meaningful talks between the representatives ~re aryythmg but conces~IOnal, and there. IS the danger the management ofglobal resources in the context of In thIS practIce o~ havmg the econoI~ues of debt.or a new international economic order. The signing by ~ev~lo~mg countnes ~ortgaged to prIvate financial the overwhelming majority of States of the 1982 InstItutIOns-and that IS only one of the dangers we United Nations Convention on the Law of the see. Sea13-the Montego Bay Convention, as it is more 319. The burdens of conditionality imposed by generally known-is evidence of the general endorse- IMF, in the form of required currency devaluations, ment by the community of nations of a new interna- the decrease or removal of welfare payments and tional economic order. subsidies, or w~~tever forms t~ey as~ume, const.it.ute 325. Part XI of the Montee:o Bay Convention deals sources of ~ddltlonal ~cop.,?mlc, SOCIal. and J;>oh.tl9al with the "Area", which is th~"term applied to the sea- stresses whIch further mh,lblt the capacity of,md,lvld- bed and subsoil beyond the limits of national juris- ual States to pursue theIr development obJectives. diction and in article 136 of the Convention the 320. With respect to the World Bank-the other Area a~d its'resources are stated to be "the com'mon pillar of the international fina.nci~1 e~tablishment- heritage of mankind". In article 157, the Convention my delegation notes that that InstitutIOn, as a result vests the organization and control of activities in the of the prevailing favourable interest rate structure, Area in an International Sea-Bed Authority, particu- has aJl?assed an excess of !n~om~ over expenditu.re larly with a view to administering the resources ofthe mountmg to some $600 mllhon m the course of Its Area. My delegation considers the consolidation of 1983 ope~ati~ns ..Does that, signal bot~ quantitative the common heritage as enshrined in the Convention and qua~ltatIve mcreases m.the asslst~nce to be a matter of absolute necessity. The Government of gramed m future to developmg countnes. by that Trinidad and Tobago would condemn any action a~enc~? We look forwa~d to a more fle~lble and which was calculated to subvert or in any way dlyerslfied pattern ~f assIstance t~ developmg ~oun- frustrate the spirit or the letter of the 1982 United tnes on terms WhICh are effectIvely concesslOnal, Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. which take into account the low level of prices for ,. .. . their primary products and which will reduce the 32.6. ThIS o,:ervlew of t,he .mternatlonal scen~flo volume of the net capital flows away from less brmgs mto relIef three major Issues. The. firs~ pomts endowed countrit:s to the World Bank and the t~ the rye~~ t~ rene,:", redouble or redesl~n mterna- already developed countries. tlOnal mltlatlves aImed at. the resolutIOn of the , . . . problems related to the achievement of peace, co- ~21. It. IS m the con~ext of thIS, severe pI~ture of operation and development. The second-necessari.. InternatIOnal co-operatlOt:l and s091<?-econom,\c devel- Iy related to the first-is the neerf to revitalize, if not opment that the Repubhc of Tnmdad an~ Tobago refurbish, the machinery at our disposal for the fUlly supports the attempts made. by c~~ntnes me~: attainment of these tasks. 1 ue third has as its main ~ers of the Group of 77 to estabhsh a South BaD;k thrust the need to incorporate more fully the partici- In the natur,e of a development bank. to be resp~nslve pation of developing States and of small developing to the partIcular needs of developmg countnes. countries in particular, for which the activities of the 322. The proposed establishment of a "South United Nations have the greatest relevance, in t~e Bank" draws attention to the capital-deficient status decision-making process and in the general manage- commu~ity, we !ely on the ~orce of international law 336. Fourthly, the Foreign Minister of Iran accuses and of InternatIOnal morahty. my country of harbouring territorial ambitions in 329. For Trinidad and Tobago, non-alignment is a Iran or of a political quest to topple that country's cardinal principle of our foreign policy. We have Government. Again, I challenge the Foreign Minister pursued its tenets in our actions in the regional of Iran, or any Iranian representative for that matter, bodies to which we belong-the Caribbean Commu- to come up with one official statement by an Iraqi nity, the Commonwealth, the Organization ofAmeri- official saying what he claimed to be the case. Yet I can States-and in the wider international forums. can produce thousands of statements from Khomeini Trinidad and Tobago holds firmly to the principles of down the line to the official representatives of the the Charter of the United Nations and sees as one of Islamic Republic of Iran to the effect that through its major objectives the strengthening and enhancing their action against Iraq they want to topple the Iraqi of the role of the Organization the better to serve the Government. interests of Member States. The Republic of:~rini- 337. Again, if the Foreign Minister of Iran is dad and To~ago seeks to be allo~ed to partl~lpa~e worried about the Gulf and the security of naviga- !TI0re fl;llly In efforts to est~bhsh and maIntal~ tion, the freedom of navigation and the principles of Intern~tlOn~1 p~ace an~ secuflty and a general ch- international law in that maritime area, why did Iran !TIate In which InternatIOnal development can flour- not accept Security Council resolution 540 (1983), Ish. . which centres on the protection of freedom of 330.. We appeal to all ot~er !\1embers of the Umted navigation in the interests of the international com- ~atIons t.o work together In thiS qu.est for peac.e and, munity and in the interests of the peace, stability and In so dOIng, bequeath to succeedIng generatIOns a welfare not only of the region but of the world as a legacy that is worthy of the dignity of man. Trinidad w~10Ie? and Tobago stands ready to ~erve. 338. H~ talked about violations on the part of Iraq, 331. The.PRESIDENT: I gIve the floor to t~e about how Iraq is attacking shipping in the Gulf. I representatIve of Iraq, who has asked to speak In think that for those of us who have some notion of exercise of his right of reply. internatio~al law, it is quite clear that international 332. Mr. AL-QAYSI (Iraq): I crave your indul- law permits a party in an armed conflict to declare a gence, Sir, and that of my colleagues for exercising war zone of maritime operations and, that in that my right of reply at this late hour in order to set the zone, there are certain rights which a belligerent can record straight in connection with the statement exercise. made by the For~ign Minister of Ir.an on 1 October 339. He talked about chemical weapons, and he 1984 [J5th meetmg]. I shall deal WIth only a few of centred the whole framework of his statement more the points covered by the Foreign Minister of Iran in or less, on that particular question. There is a 'forum that statement. for tackling that question, the Assembly's First 333. First, it seemed somewhat strange that the Committee. I have absolutely no doubt that it is Foreign Minister of Iran expressed concern about the going to be dealt with H ..~. and we are ready. I people of the region and even more strange that he remind him, however, thr,~ position of the Iraqi should believe that the conclusion of the people of Government is clearly stated in its letter of 27 March the re$ion was that it is because of the aggressiveness, 1984, addressed to the Secretary-General, IS in which expamonism and adventurism of Iraq that they are the Iraqi Government categorically stated that it had worried about peace. Yet I think all Member States never used chemical weapons. Regarding prisoners of recognize the fact that all those countries of the war, I challenge the Foreign Minister of Iran and any region that have spoken here in the General Assem- Iranian representative to declare here in the Assem.. NOTES ISee Ofjicial Records of the Security Council, Thirty-seventh Year. Supplement for October, November and December 1982, document S/1551O, annex. 4See AI10112, chap. IV. sFor the text, see resolution 38/40, para. I. 6See Report of the International Conference on the Question of Palestine (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.83.I.21), chap. I, sect. B. 'See AIAC.115/L.611, p. 4. 8E/1984/110, annex. 9E/1984/110/Add.l. IOSee Al38/132 and Ccrr. I and 2, annex, sect. I, chap. XX. IIFrente Popular para la Liberaci6n de Saguia el-Hamra y de Rio de Oro. 12Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, Le Defi mondial (Librairie Artheme Fayard, 1980), pp. 193 and 194. I3OfjiciaI Records ofthe Third United Nations Conference on the Law ofthe Sea, vol. XVII (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.84.V.3), document AlCONF.62/122. 140fjicial Records ofthe General Assembly, Thirty-fifth Session. Supplement No. 24, vol. I, annex 11. ISOfjicial Records of the Security Council, Thirty-ninth Year, Supplement for January, February and March 1984, document S/16438.