S/PV.1 Security Council

125.  SCAtE OF ASSESSMENTS FOR TRB APPORTIONMENT or THE EXPENSES or '.mE UNITED NATIONS (Al45/5l5/Add.2) The PRESIDENt (int0rpretatio~ from ~rench). I should li~e to draw the Assembly'S attention to document Al45/5l5/Add.2, which contains a letter addressed to the President of the General Assembly by the Secretary-General info~in9 him that since the issuance of his communications dated 18 and 25 September 1990 Sierra Leonl has made the necessary payment to reduce its arrears below the amount specified in Article 19 of the Charter. May I take it that the General Assembly duly tates note of that info~tion? It waS 10 decided. ADDRESS BY LIBU'l'ENANT-GEHERAL OMER HASSAll ARMED AI.-BASRIR, PRESIDENT OP fill NATIONAL SALVATION REVOLUTION COMMAND COUNCIL OP TIlE REPUBLIC OP mE SUDAIJ Th' PRESIDENt (interpretation from Prench). The Assembly will DOW bear an address by the President of the National Salvation Revolution Co-.aD4 Council of the Republic of the Sudan. Lieutepant-Gln.rll Qmer RIISln Abmed Al-Bllbir, Pr.lidlnt QC the Iotiop,) SllyatiOD RevolutiOn CQJ!I!!DD4 Council Of the 'epublic Qf the SudM. yal .,oors;. into the Gene1"1I Assembly Bpll. De PRESIPINT (interpretation froll Prench) 8 On behalf of the Go_ral A••eably I have th~ houogr to ..lc~.. to the United Hationl the Prl.l4ent of tbe National Salvation Revolution Co_ud Council of the Republic of the Su4lm. 81. lacellency Lieutenut-Genernl Omer Bal.an Abmed AI-Ralhir, and to iavite ~ to addrel~ the Alaembly. PreRident lW-BMRII (interpretation from Arabich Allo,,' me to begin by congratulating you IIOst warmly·on your election to the presidency of the General Assembly of the United Nations in this session. Your election roflects the confidence that the international community places in you, and is s tribute to your country, Maltl~. We are very confident that under your wise guidance the General Assembly in its current session will achieve pODitlve results aimed at the reinforcement of international co-operation and understanding among people.. He wish you all the best in your endeavours. Allow me also to ezpress the de~p gratitude of the delegation of Sudan to your predecessor, Bis Bzcelle~cy General Joseph Gerba, a dedicated lion of Africa, who has shown considerable wisdom and skill in his stewardship of the forty-fourth ••••ion of the General As.embly. We should also lika to renew our thanks and appreciation to Mr. Javier Pere. de Cuellar, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for hill iDc.s.ant .fforts aimed at strengthening intornational peace and s.curity, ia4ee4, for the dignity and well-being of mankind. It is, in4.ed, IIOst gratifying for UII to see an independent Nuibi. .. • Member of the United NatioDs, following a hard and protracted atruggl. on the tart of ita peopl~ and a aolid international backing which finally aade ita lDdepeDdeace po••ible. We have !l0 doubt that young N8IIibia w11l coatr1but~ actively to ~ work of our Organisation. We also welcome the Principality of Liecht.nst.in, tile l.~st Mulber of the Un.lted Nations. Ife alao wish to .spres. a very special welco_ to our br.thren in 1'_n Oil tile occaalon of YeMn'. unity into one 8troll9 lIovereign State. tie trust that thlll great achieveMat by our brother. will reflect positively ia all endeavour. of tbe international co_waitr ad org_batioDs. Within the same framework, '" should like to ",lcome the forthcollilUJ unification of Germany. My country has recently witnessed a series of festivities on the occasion of the first anniversary of the Revolution for National Salvation, a revolution which, since its inception, has shown unwavering determination to offer the people of Sudan an opportunity to rise above all their sectarian and tribal difference~, which were exacerbated by the previous regime. The people of Sudan are now frle to choose the political system which best suits them without any pressure or diktat. The Revolution for National Salvation has been logical in that it lIade peace its first priority. Peoee is the necessary prelude to the improvement of Sudan'. conditioDs and preparing it to play its natural role on the regional and international levels. Baving decided not to address any issue without the full participation of the people of the country, the Revolution ha. convened a Confer.nce of Rational Dialogue on the issues of peace in the country. All national forc•• participated in that Conference, and "'re able to make recommendations OD the ways and ..aaa of consolidating the country's unity, power sharing, the distribution of _alth an4 the relationship between r~ligion and the State within the framework of a fed8ral system wherein citizeDship will be the basi3 of belonging to a unifi.d Su4aa. The State has adopted the recommendatioDs of the Conf.r.nc., 1n which tho people. of both the north and the south participated, and, without Ul" _lUJIIent, formulated upon that basis a programme for n.gotiations. Rot Durprlalngly, the rebel movement acclptld thl programme ae a workable basis for negotiation in tbe meeting that took plac. in NairObi in Doc.llber 1989 bet_on l'eprea.ntatlvttD of the Government and the r.bel movement. S.v.ral Rational Dialogue ConfereDceD followed (President Al-Dosbir) ono another on such issues IS the economy, diplomacy, information, social development, vomftn and the problems of education, including the issue of illiteracy. Other conferen~es addressed the problems of the most vulnerable groups of the population, including the problems of displaced persons, refugees, childhood and motherhood. A widor political conference is now addressing the iS8ue of democracy. The aim ls to come up with a democratic formula of full popular participation that would enable the people to exercise democratic rule without tutelage. The Revolution has taken it upon itself to ensure the human, political, social and ecoDomic rights of the people in line with the dictates of all religioDa and the norms embodied in the international covenants on human rights and deMOcraa,r. All this has been taking place ¥ithin the framework of Sudan's culture aDd heritage. Our civilisation has led us towards an openness to the cultur•• aD4 identities of others in order to forge a common human civilisation. Recogulmlag that human dignity cannot be realized without securing all the re~ulremsDts of such dignity, the Revolution has become avare that economics is the central factor BMODg those componeDt~. Therefore, we have made the restructuring of the national economy a first priority, the objective being to secure and liberalise all .ectors of the economy with full popular participation. Development of human r••oure,. baa also become the basia for comprehensive development. Towards that end, the Revolution has adopted a three-year program-D of econOMic salvation. It has also promulgated a new law on investment. A nu.ber of Arab and for.ign development partners have been invited to participate in revlswl89 the draft of that law before its promulgation, to ensure a feeling of socurit~ for their investments OD their part. Sudan's keennoss to promote peace is not limited to its national border.. ~e yearning for peace h~8 been extended to embrace relations with all our neigbbourQ, (PresidoDt AI-Bashl£) particularly ID the BorD of Afdca. Thil .... have done ID the context of a jut, h\lllal'le pttr.pttctlve, which re.pect. go04 nelghbourllne.., Bd which I. bud 011 • • troDC) foundation of durable peace, 111 01'481' to allow the people. of thl. regl08 to unify their willa and endeavours to develop their rOCJ10n. Thi. would onl!, be achieved by exploring the root cauaea of conflicta in tha region iD a collective sanDer In order to formulate feaaible solutioDS. I am, therefore, ple8.84 to .aJ' that Sudan has received a very positive response from all the leaderl of the tub-region. We have also been encouraged by thoee friends who are keea to achieve peace and security in the sub-region. I am confident that the member cOUDtrle. of the Inter-GoverWll8ntal Authority OD Drought DDd Devel0p""'Dt (IGADD) "U1 pur.ue their collective efforts to ~chieve peace and developmant for all their people•• (Pr••14tDt Al-BaIb1r) Thoro i. no doubt that tho accoloration of ocona-Ic co-operation bat.... tba countri•• of tho region, with tho .upport of our frionds, will have a po.itl.. lapact on tho pro.pect. of durable peaco In tho region. Th. .ucco••ivo indicatore of iatornational ditont.~ ••pecially over tbe peat two y.ars, have giv.n ri•• to real hope aDd cr.at.d opportunitio. in all the ar... of int.rnational dev.lopllent, especially 1n tho d.v.loping countrio. aDd IleU'O particularly in the loa.t developed countrie.. Thi. will naturally narrow tbe pr.aent gap bet..en the Borth aDd the South. AD outstucUng 1aDdaark in that dir.ction has bee. the ~u••t for the r.duction of a~. aDd armament••zpoD4ituro•• Th. Middle last vita••••d ea oaaillCJ of ten810n wh.n the 9111111 of Iraq-Iran _1'0 si1eDcod aDd succ.ssful negotiation. were initiat.d by our br.thren 1D Iraq t~ reach a fiaal solution to that war iD ord.r tc .1i~in~te all it. aftor-offoct. la acco~d8Dce ~ith int.rnationa1 legality and ro.~~ct for the Chartor, a...11 as tb8 relevant resolutions of the Security COUDci1. By doinq this, Irag ••rved tbg caus. of peace. However, there is DOW cau.. for conc.rn. Mar threat.ns onc. &galD &114 the presence of foreign fl.et. ia the Gulf i. a grave development that warrant. such concern, both on QUI' part aDd on the part of all those who are iatoro.teel 1D peace ead who foresee the devastating con.equ.nces that .ay arl.o frOM shlftiag tba conflict from the search for peacoful solutioDS in an Arab framework to a confrontation whos. cODsogu.nces Ci~ot be predicted. Sudan'. position OD thia grave situation Is the follovings First, efforts must be puraued toward. the achi.vement of a peacoful .olutloa to the pre.ent conflict between Iraq aDd ~uwait within an Arab Musli. fr.-.aDrk that would lead to the elimination of the root cause. of their differeaceB. Secoadly, SudaD is fully committed to the priaeiple. of international 1.. anA legality, the Chart.r of the Unito4 Rations a4 tho chartere of the League of Arab Statea and the Organisation of African Unity (OAD). Sudan has clearly aa4 ..pbatlcallr~.lt.rate4 thl. C~l~Dt at .Vlry Arab ...tl89 that haa bleD bt14 OD the Irag-&uwait criala. SudaD'...iD CODcerD le to avert a dtv••tatlog war iD the rttCJloD u4 to apar. the Kuwaiti plopl. further auffoE'1D9 aD4 'Dabl. th.. to I'll.... thlir Datural placl in bctth Arab od iDt.rnatioDal ca-uitl... OD 1101" than OM oeca.ioD, we h~v. affi~d our C~l~Dt to the S.curity COUDcil rl.olutionl OD thll cri.il. I ~ov r.affi~ that C~~Dt. Thirdly, Sudan "lah'lI to .zpr'811 it. d••p regr.t that this should hllve happ'Ded betwe.D two Arab sist.r Stat.s. Me alao r.a11•• that thia cc.p1.z lituation ha. d.ve10ped into aD i.-ialnt thr.at ta Arab Dlltlona1 ••curlty. ~. thr.at, a. wo bave often aaid, 111 the inteDaive for.ign military pr•••nOG iD the region, that ia a pr.lude to the i~sition of a n.w a.curity order. That ... ••cudty ord.r w111 not take into account the rtMJuir'Mnta of natloDal Arab a.curity. It will be aimed at eaf.guarding th. inter'Bta of for.ign Stat•• 1D tbe region without aDy r.gard for th& aecurity of the countries of the ..egloB. It Viill lapoa. upon tb. r.gion a patt.k'r.l of peace that CllDDot be compatibl. with tbe alpirationl of th. Palelltinian ~opl. to •••rcia. their inali,nabl. rights, including th.ir right to self-det.~laationand the eatab1ishment of aD iDdtpeDdtDt State iD thoir homeland, Palestin•• Fourthly, in the light of tbe preceding three points, Sudan ba. tak•• initiative., ~Dclud!Dg visita by the Cbai~an of the R.volutionary C~DD4 Council for RatioDa1 Salvation to .evera1 Arab Stat.a with th. object of c10liag rDAkI aDI th~ 4et.~lnatioD to co~talD the crl.1~ within an Arab framework and preVlDt tbe ptlll.tration of for.iCJll forcell illto our regioll. Ife wish to r".ffim our .troDg deeil'e to acbieve peace aDd aecurity for our br.threa, the people of Kuwait. Further.ore, we era completely cOllvinced that an approacb of military confrontatioD will Dot aolve the problem. If. are equally convinced that it rUD. couatsr to ell International DO~ aDd buaanltariaa princlplea to t-poa. a complete bloctale agaiDat Iraq" ad thua deprive Ir8CJia of food and ..dleADe. PlftblYlI we eODtlDu, to believe that this io an Arab problom aDd that u such it ahould be contained within aD Arab fraMework. The poasibilitie. of aD Arab solution are atill available d@apit. tbe 41fficultiss created by aD ~a.d foreign iDterventlon iD the regioD. Prom thia roatru. we call for givlDg that Arab solutioD a further chance to echieva a durable aettleMeDt that could be lIa4e possible through peaceful aegotlation aDd would thua avert the thr.at of var in th. region aDd .par. bURaRlt~ the co.sequlnc.a of a devastating lIi1itary confrontation. We should all strive with a UDified vill to achieve lasting peace in the Gulf region. We should alao lilence the druma of war whicb some ar~ sO i~tent on beating. We continue to believe that responaibility for resolving tbis crisi~ la, of neceasity, collective. No single State 01' group of States has the right to take it upon its.lf to implement Security COUDcil resolutions with its arsenala aD4 infantry, mariDe and air force., without such forces being part of a peac.-t..piDg forc. established by th. Security COUDcil pursuaDt to ArtiCles 41, 42 and 43 of Chapter VII of the Cbarter. Aay action outside thoae artiCles would aIIOUDt to aD e.tremely dangerous preced.nt. we appreciate the concern shown by international economi~ and financial orgsnis.tions and a number of States with regard to the n~gative economic t.pact of the Gulf crJsis especially OD the DOD-oil producing States, a~d the lealt developed countries. We a180 appreciate the r.eadinels shown by those States aDd organisations to mitlg&te the negative impact of the crisis brought about by the rise in oil prices and the resultant Increase in the prices of manufactured goo4. and production inputs, which a4v,r.,ly aff,ct th, 11f. aDd d.v.10~nt proe••••• of a gr.at nuaber of Dation. at a tl.. wh.n th.y n8e4 to acc.l.rate th.ir 4eve10,.e.t affort•• Me look forward to •••ing thi' obi.ctive point of vi.v tran.lat.d into a progr.... of action and into inf1g.. of r••ourc•• to the d.ve10plng Datlo~.. ~ a1.0 hope that it vill be inclu4ed in the r••e1ution. that v111 b. adopt.d at tbl• ••••ion of th& Gen.ral Aa••mbly. Th. int.rnational community is atf1l confronted with a number of ia.u•• of gr.at importance. H. nhou14 fact up to th•• with practical measure. and a strong unit.d political vill. Th. ezp10.iv••ituation in the Midd1a la.t continuo. to be neglected and marglnalis.d. Some Stat.. have mad. th.ir firat concern the d.f.nc. of I.~a.1. So_ p'rllaDent IIMtlllber. of the S.curity Council ua. th.ir right ef veto ln a vay incompatibl. vith the principl.. of int.rnationa1 law and the provi.ioD' of our Chart.r. Four conaecutive a•••iona of the G'D.ral As.embly have passtd vhil. the Pale.tinian lntlfi4ah ha. b.ln eacalating, and every day the Pa1.atinian people heroically prove th.ir firm at.adf••tne.. and d.termination to r.galn thoir full and inall.nabl. rights. Adherence to international Instruments on hU.DD rlg~t. aDd tho rlghta of nations r.~ulr.. the international community to respect that .truggl. agalnlt ocaupatlon, iniu.tlc. and oppre••lon that tramp1. all international and hWllD norm•• ftls l'ecJI'.ttebl. sltuatloD aakClts It 1IIperatlve for the Int.natloaal c-.aitl'" r.pr•••ata« In tbllJ Aa'''llbly" to tu•• cl.ar position agalut tINt Illcr&..l89 waves of .l.wlah .19ruta fr_ the Sovi.t Union aDd oth.r comatd.. aDC1 their settl_nt in the occupl.4 Arlab t.rrltori.s. Wo affin our support for tile 14e-. of pl.~iD9 tha occupl.4 Arab territorl.s und.r 4lrect lat.rnatloDal trust.eshlp to safeguar4 the .zlst~Dc, of the 'al.atlAlan people In the 'al.stlD1aa t.rritorl.s" to pr.s.rve th.lr IDt~~rlty" aafeguar4 their iDaliaDabl. rights aDd protect th.. fea- oppr.sslv8 Isra.l1 practices" which have gOAl far beyoD4 all reasollable It-its. Th. people of Sudan" alolUJ v:lth all the other peoples of the Afdcu c~ntlnent" follow with t.eD inter.st the first vlctorias of the people of Soutb Africa. W. velcca. the r.loa.. from prlSOA of the great fre.dOM fighter ••180n Mudela an4 others. N. also ..jJ.c~::. the UAbarmiAg of antI-ARlrth,id organlsatiou inclu41ng the African Rational Congre.. of South Africa an4 the Pan Afrlcaaist cODgr••s of Asania. OD the q~e.tloA of political an4 ecoAomlc sanctloDs" SudaD calls OD the lAtorAatloaal cc~ity to t.ep the sanctions lA plac. against the racist l'egt.. until such time as ARlrthol4 has beeA completely 4Is-aatle4 aA4 a fr••" democratic and AOA-~&cial South Africa has emerg.d. ODe of the ast importaat pendlAg prob1e..s before the IDterDatloaal ca.nard~ conc.rns the concluaioA of a compreheAsive Auclear-test-ban treaty. ~ delegatloD r&~ret. that the iAt.rnational COmMunity has fai1.4 thus far to 840pt ..asur.s that 'IIOu14 str.ngthen the ~.cur1ty of DOD-nuclear State. or guarantee that nucle. weapoAI will not be use4 against the.. by those who 40 possess such weapoD8. CC)nv.AtIoAal woaPQAs cOAtinue to dev.lop both iA the terms of CJ1UIDtity u4 of 4.stl'uctiveness. They stUl fill4 their way to the markets of so_ 4.velopl ll9 countri.s. We havs Dot yet Ducc.ed.4 in realisiAg tlle clear relatlonahip bGtwaea 41.a~nt an4 developmeAt. It ..... to u. that the 1'01. of the Unit.d .aticD' i. beAD; -.rglDa11sea 1. the fl.1d of 4i.a~Dt. Multilat.ral aegotiation& have not be.D accordt4 ~ igportaac. they ..rit. OD the ,collOllie l.v.l.. we have not y.t 8ucc••d.d in illpl...atiDCJ the _'or progr.... of actioD for the 1980. in favour of the least d.v.lopt4 countrl••• Illt.rDatienal co-operatioD for the .radlcation of poverty iD the 4tveloplag cOUDtri•• continu•• to H aD unattaine4 41".. Tb. influx of r.f1l9'" coatleuell to grow into the host countries inclUding Sudan. H. CaJUlot !CJDor. the heavy bur4eD ill\POs.d on our country by that influz of r.fug••s .. who are poul'1Dg acro•• OUl' .ast.rD and ...t.rn bord.rs. Th. apectre of drought and the contlDue4 cODfllct. ID D.lghboudll9 countri.s wUl C).Il.rat. D'. wavas of refugees. 1fe.. th.r.fore.. call OD the international community to ahould.r ita r,~poDs1bi11tlea in .upport of 8~.. ID thia important hwaan domalD in the light of the fact that the Sudu••• peopl. art off.ring all th.y CaD without astine} for gratitud.. The fact is that the 8u4u a~ould.rs aome 70 per cent of the cost of .~elt.~in9 r.fuge.s In .pit. all It. difficult .conomic and aocial cireum.taDc~G. Th. international community ie still unable to combat the gro"lag .ceurge of narcotic drugs in muy cOllllllunities throughout the world.. whU. lIO.t ao".lopl.. countries ~ontinu. to quake at the dangers posed by poverty.. hungor &Dd 4i...... Problems atising from the deterioration cf the environment continuo to be • sou~c. of serious concern. This should lead to greater international co~ratloD Oil reaching new goals commensurate with the gravity of the dangers ari.iag fre. that deterioration. He have repeatedly affll1Mld that tha development of the dev.lopiag cOUDtri.S is first aDd foremost the responsibility of those countries. We have held to that commitment.. but we continue to believ. that international support i. DlC"'ary ia the process of developm8llt and of raisinq the standard of living ia tho.e countriez. Wo III 8u4aD haft accepted that tbe 1'0llpoulblUtr fol' a11..1atlag tM aaffol'lDg of CU' peopl0 1. 0.... ad haft COUI.f4I'H "'1')9 p ••Utl. o,tJo. to deal .,lthtbtt oeonaalc cl'la1. we facs. Dd...... "••alted la tU fomulaUoll o! a thl'H-pal' 'I'CH,F- for ecoaca1c ,alV.tiOD aWa4 at 1'••tRCtH!..., tbe •.,.." .co~ tbl'ough the r.v1tall••tloD of all eeoao-lc a.cto~.. tbo retloaall.atloc o~ tta. UV of d1ll,oa.l0 1'••O'Jl:C8I1. tbo .ch1e~t of aocla1 baluce u4 the allevlaticD of the .uffegolD9 of the poorer segawruta of the populaUoa. ... ca achieve t,boa. objectives bra _1'0 eapbula Oil '-.,.10pINDt ID the 8fl'ic~tUa1 a.ctor with. vl_ to tbe acbleftllllOat of Hlf-eufflc1oacy ID fOO« QD4 ID 8IJro-iD4uatl'J' 111 cp_ral, thIIt eDCOYrageMDt of aD eaport cldve througb • liberalla.tioD pl'ocea.~ tbe oli~..tlo. of b~.aucratlc ~~Dt.. ... the aa4 t.pl'ove effleleDey. All thl. CM H aehleve4 ollll' if we eUalut8 obstacl.a to laveat.N ~ aD4 ODCOUI'89. the private ••ctol' to aake a po.ltive eODtl'lbutloD to Dat!oaal 4evelOPlODt. .01' ca auch .ffort. be.". fruit without a favouabl. lDurutioA1 .co~c ellYil'Oa.8Dt ID wbich tlut lateraatlolla1 e~itJ' acc.pta ita r~.poDaibilltJ'xi.-1-yi. the .11MillatloD of all ths difficult1.a wbicb ataa4 iD ~ war of gl'cnrtb IUUS devolop1MtDt iD the developiDg couatri ••• fte debt prob1_ rSlla1D. U oagoiag CODcen of both 4ebtol'IiI aacJ ere41tol'•• Debtora al'. oftr burdeaed by • .,.bt ••l'Ylce pr-obl.. which hupertl their deft1oa-at ad l.ad_ to c.,l.te aa4 utte&' povsrty. Cre41toi'a. OD the other baD4# ar. DO 10ag.1' able to recovel' their IQ.... ID OUl' C01Ultl')9. tile 4.bt bud.D bu r••c:hMl tJw point vh.!'. it tJal'eateu ~ entil'. _tructul'e of OUI' .co..-y. tre lIeve adopte4 VIi&E'10Wl .....ur.e a1M:I4 at 111tigatl89 the chronic deficit 1Ia our bal.ca of paYMilt.. MQDCJ thoa••nur.. 1. the U ..ttiDlJ of our 1IIport_ to tbs .zte.t uc:•••ary fol' d8velopefJDt. tbo peopl.. will have to .uffer. Howevar, tho•• _, I.ur... are Dot .ufficiellt by thnael".. 04 CUDOt 1.a4 to u overall .olution to the cd.i... we hope the international C~lUlity .ill face up to its reapondibi11ti8' and iDcre..e it. earn••tn... of our polic1.. ud the finme.. of the .a.urea .... have t8k.D d8rapite participation i~ the effort. at.ed at re.olving thi. probl••, aDd thu...tch the their h.avy burden they w111 impose OD our people. The probleM i. too ••do". to be l.ft .01ely to the international finaDcial iDatitutlons. ID aayi~ th1., I .. ha~ cl.arly beco.. a grave cri,la that thr~at'Ds the prospecta of davelo,.ent aD4 the ve~ life of the d.veloping nations. ... appreciate the encouraglllCJ lnitlatlve. of 8c.t <&oBOr cOUlltll."le. towan1IJ reduction of the debt burden. We be,. that thb .plrlt. w111 laplre tU 1IIbole hatelrn.t1ona! co-nmlty to follow thelr e•.,18, 110 that we ca put. an 084 to title probl.. whlch 1. • great o~8tacle to econoalc and .oelal growth In our co~trl••• All effectlve ~olutlGD for ~gch a ••vere problem r~11re. 11 po.itive reapollle and genuine action to encourage a ~ufflclellt flow of re.ource. aD4 .~l'tlM. to tbe caevelop,lllCJ countd••, ill ordor to expaa4 their absorptive capacltlee and accalGtrste ~eir developlent. .e.o!vlD9 the probl. further r8CJUlre. that action be ~•• to t-prove the te~. of trade in the Intel'llatlonal areDa aa4 OpaD e441tloDal outlo~ for the _sport. of 4evelopl89 countri.. by re.GvlDg re.trlctlon8 UD ~ir foreign trade. All of the foregolag 1. requlred to a4iu~t the balance of PO~1' aa4 t.r,ms of trade 1n favour of the developlag coatde. an4 alao to bdclgll the curent developIHDt qap bat_en the !forth ad the South. Thore la DO !l.~ for 110 to elaborate on the expected posltlvo resultl!! frOM all the.. factora, that 1., tbe achlev.ment of balance in Int.rnation~l dev.lopaent and the e=sul=; IBtcr=&tloaal atabl1ity and a.c~rity. The effectll of all thOIlQ probl... I have iuat X'eferre4 to wlll reflect harablF ud bltterly on chUdren, particularly in c1avelopl1ll9 countd... In relatloB to tile que.tln of In4ebte4Dollm, for cxa-ple, aa.. chl14~.n viII pa~ the prlcG of DaVO~ .eelng the light of life, oth.r. "Ul .uffer frO!l poverty u&1 preventul. dille••• becau.. their peOlt' f.ll10. Camlot afford vaccine. aDd _41catlon. At this cnala! time, It 111 a 81911 of hope aDd optlmiIDlR tbat tbo World S~lt for ChUdZ'en IiU bee. conveDed here at the Unlt.4 NatloDII. 'lbb aualt .meeti1l19 indleat•• that. tU interDatioaal communltF, roprg.ente4 by the political lea40r~ of all count&'le., i. atill capable of .sking a humaaltarian ge.t~r. iD the later.at of • ~ an4 1U·0."1'01l8 future for ch11dr8a. '!'be 8~t·. decleretioD, plaD of action aD4 political c~~a~ repr•••Dt a hiatoric hUMQ4itarlan 1••1' that can be put to .ffact oBly ~ the vl11 and 4et.~Datlo.of the IDt.rDatloDal c~UDity IDt.ru.tloDal lutl'....llt.. I ahould 111£. to daclere SudaDt. Um cOlDl~Dt to collectively ad e"'l7 couatl7 ID4lvldually to baple"Dt thoa. two laportat jgtrlve, OD ite own. aDd ID co-opel'atloD vlth othars, to put chUclr.D flr.t ID .very c.... Su4aD, whl1. It coatlDues to f.c. s.~r. ~eonomlc end social probl..., 111£. _~ oth.r 4eveloplDlJ couatdes(ll also suff.ro'" a nUl'ftber of natural aDd .avlroa.oatal dls••tors oYer the p••t few ,.ars. It still feels the .ff.cts of tho.. cal.-ltl.s. of lIlY coutry have tatBD \:hell' toU Oil our food supp11as, which d.paDd to a gl'eat .ateDt OD uacoDtrollAble cl1aatlc coDditloDs. ID the two pracedlDg agricultural cre.te foo4 shortages aDd ther.fore IDcr.... our apprehensloD. The sltuatlOD ID the _lgbbourlD9 coutd•• 1. DO bett.r aDd, therefor., .. f.ar that there -7 IMt a ... iana of ref~.. Into ludu ID th. Mal' future. It 1. also possibl. tb8t .0IMa of OUl' food My fid it•••1' iDtO Mlghboud!l9 cOUDtde.. NlDdful of all tills, ...zpecllt!oualy requAtat414 the .zpertb. of the i'ood aDel Agriculturo Or9ui.atloD of the Ualted ••tiO.D 1. ord.r to d.t.~la. scieatiflcally tbe food posltloD la our cOWltl'J' for tH cOlliDCJ par. Su4aa .i. prOUd to be the iDitiator of aD UDprec.d.a~.4 initiative vhlch la iadlcative of its CODeara for all its cltisaa8 ia all clrcu.staac.s, be It la tt.a. of war 01' in tiM. of peac.. !hat iDltiativ8 bas allowe4 for the first tt. iD recorded history the SMOOth flow of food aDd ..dicin. to cit11.DI iD the ar... of ~1itary operatioDa through a Dunber of .af.-paasag. corridors, iD purauanc. of Sudan', d.sir. to prot.ct all its citil'Da r'9a~d1.sa of 10catioD or attitud•• All those .fforts wer. UDd.rtak.n within the fraMework of Operation Life-Li.. SudaD, for which we .zt.nd our appreciation to the Intornational ca..UDity r.pr•••~t.d by the United Rations, its Secretary-General 8D4 his aeDlor r.11'f a"l,tants aDd the ZZecvtiv. Director of the Unit.d Nations Childr.n', PuD4 who -a, a,aigu.d the duty of 8upervi8ing that Gucc••sful operation, which staa4a a, an eXeMpl. uf the h~ capBbilitie, of international humanitarian co-oparatloa. ~ laud the 1'01. of the international community, which became a partner with Su4an iD that historic operatioD. Me look forward to -er. positive int.rnational co-operation In support of phase 2 of Operation Life-Lin. Sudan, which relate, to r.habilitation aDd construction la the I1ght of the r.solutlon of the Unlte4 Rat10ns Gen.ral Aa,.mbly in that regard. We have dlmenssed sincerely the international and regioDal prob1... of CODcerD to Sudan od the international cOIllmUDity. We have alao dealt with the prob1.., hopes an4 aspirationll of Sudan with frankn... aDd sincedt1" so that all the•• i8.u,. aay figure in the deliberations and reso1ution8 of this s.ssion. we have come h.~e to r.affi~ our unwavering confidence in the Unlts4 RatioD' aDd ID international co-operation for the achievement of a more juat aDd pro,peroua future for all. We should like to assure all Members of the Assemb~r of the fl~ C~i~Dt of Sudan to r.main a active participant in iDternatioDal co-operatioD and 1D tha enhanc.lMtnt of .fforts towards thG acbieve_nt of worl4 peaco ad hUJll8D dliVOloplllDt. De PgSIDm (lllt.~r.t.tiOIlfroa Frellch) I Oil bshalf cf f.jw 0."1'&1 b.ttllbly, I .lah to thank the PI'&t81dellt of the Ratiollal Salvation R.volutioll Ca-aIld Council of the .epubllc Olt the Sudan fer the .tat.Mllt he hu jut 1Uc!e. 'l.ut·papt-Gla.ral 0111' 1111.9 Abl8d Al-I'Iblr q Pro,id'Pt of the lItiORal BI1yat;iop I.volut;lop CowapsL£oypc;U of t;b. ',public of ~. Sdap, Ba ••cort;.C ,. Th. Pr.,id'llt toot the Chair, ADDRaS BY MR. ZBBLYU ZBBLBV, PUSIIJBft OF TBB PEOPLE'S UPUBLIC or BULGMtI:A ne PIISIDmI ne A.s.llbly "Ul DO" hear an addre,. by the President of the People'. lopublic of Sulgaria. HER Del" Dal.y, Pr.sideut of the Peo.ple', IGUbllc of Bulgada. VU .,cprtod latA the Glgir'l AI"mbl% RAl!. De PgSl.UU1 On behalf of the Gener!\l As.ellbly I have the hoilOar to velc~ to th8 Unitad Rations the President of the People's lepublic of Bulgoria, Bb bcell.ncy Mr. Zhelyu Delav, rmel to invite hill to mdd...ess the Aa...1y.. Presi4tDt. ZgLU (spoke 1n Bulgsdazu Bnglbh teat furn18he4 bJ' tIuit delegation) I Ples.e accept my s!nce~. cODgra~ulatioD', Sir, on your 81ectloa to the prelidency of the forty-fifth sem810n of the General Ae,eabl]f. I ,,1Mh JOu ,uccea~ and ezpr.s. my conviction that your able guidance "ill contribute alCJDlficantly to the succe.sful outco~ of our work. I: should also lite to thank Mr. Jo.eph Garbs, Pr.sldent of the lust ,.e.ion, for hi. personal contribution to ita efficient end fruitful work. I take this opportunity to ezt.nd ~ greetiDgs to the S.cr.ta~-GeDeral, NI'. Pores de Cu.Uar, and to e~rolll. our appreciation of, and high ••t... for, biB efforts aimed at the achievement of tangible results from United Rations activitie. for the enhancement of its international prestige. OD behalf of my country, I should like "hole-heart.dly to velc.. to the feal1y QC nations the Republic of Ramibia and tho Principality of Liechteaatein, "hos. acce••ion to membership iu the United RatioDs is yet another step towarda tbe conmolidatioD of our Organisation's universal charact.r. It ill both an honour and a pl.asur. for .. to addre.. th1B forUla a. the fr"l!, el.cted President of Dew and democratic BUlgaria, an honour because thi. .vent, at thia historic mo_nt, ..arts the return, nll overdue, of a _11 and long-suffedDg nation to the co~unity of fr•• natioDI and sov.reign democraci.s. Th. current forty-fifth s.ssion is tating plac. in conditions of radic~l change in the world. W. are witn.ssing a transition towards a new ,tato of international r.lations. Rivalry and confrontatioD are giving way to dialogue and co-ope~ation, to mutual understanding and reasonable compromise. Th.r. have been numerous manifestatioDs of this trend lat.ly. Hoteworthy among th•• i. the growlDg frequency of the sWJl'llit meetings between the United Stat.s and tho Sovlat. VaioD, the ~econt d.clarations of the countries of the Waraaw Treaty and ths .orth Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the constructive spirit of the all-Buropean process in all its dimenmions and the positive results of the .fforts to r.solve regional conflicts. What 1990 will be remember.d for ere the democratic r.volutions in B.at.rn Europe I thill hall inde.d be.n the year (If laat.rn Europe. Hungary, _••t GenlaDJ' and CsechosloYetia abandoned th.ir Communist system and .nt.r.d on tha road of democracy. My own countl'y, too, has a plac. in this proce.s. Albeit glowr tbu others, Bulgaria 111 also undergoing deep democratic chug-QI! which irr.ver.1blJ' break it away from ccmmunlmll. Ther. do.s however appear to exist a pr.judiced vi.. that chang.. In Bulgaria are sporadic or at least not al thorough a8 in lome other States. I should, therefor., lite to outlino to this prGstlgiou8 international forum ~ aatloD'. struggle for freed~m and democracy. Th. fight against the Communist syat.. started duri~g the regt.e of 1'0401' Zhivkov. Two yeara before the dictator's f&l1 fro. po_r there ...rge4 independent associations championing huaan rights, ecological issu••, asscalations of intellectuals and so forth. Tbe rOglas's attempts to quell or discredit ~ proved futile. The.e in4epaDdlnt a.soeiations were the first fO~B of organlsad opposition against the totalitarian Co.-unist ayst••• 1'0401' Zhlvtov's fall froll power on 10 Hovellber 1989 brought about tha start of a ne. stage in the development of the democratic opposition In aU1garia anC of tba democratic process in ganara1. The UnioD of Democratic Forces, which BOW unites 15 political parties Dnd organisatioDm, was established only a -onth later. I ahou14 like to a.{)hl,.llI., though, that numy fOrME' ..lIb&ra of the Ce-waiat P.rt~ have alao joined the Union of De-ecratic Force.. The e.tab1is~nt of tba UDJOD of Deaocratic Force. uniting the lIain opposition parties aDd organisation. haD turaad the opposition into a aajor political force which the rUling party had to r.cko~ with. 'rhe score. of aan Utl-CQiIIIIUDlst ra111e8 orqanlse4 by the UDlon of De~cretlc Force. iD towns and village. during the winter and sprlag of 1"0 broke the ic. of fear. The people raised their voice delland1li1CJ, "DoVD with COlllU1_5. After tatiDg over the country's streeta and aquares, the opposltioD force! tbe Communist Parliament to rlvoke artiCle 1 of the Constitution ¥bich h&4 guaranteed the COMmUAist Party'. leading role. Aa a r~sult of the popular pr.saure, the oppodltion forced the .~thorltles to agr.. to bold the round-table negotlatloD. on SORe of tho -est t-portaDt aapeata of the cOWltry's political aystell. Th••e negotiations vent Oil for D.arly thi'.. BOnths. Th@~' ware broadceat live OD radio and television BDd ultt.Dtely ••rve« .. a trua political school for tho natioD. Ordinary people, particularly tho.e ll9i89 out,i4. the capital.. 11ft for the firat t1lle that th.re .u llothiag 4aDprou III critlcl11ag an4 c~D4a.Dlng the CORaUDlat P~rty 4.1fl.4 by the totalit.rl88 rlgt.e. Th.y .av that tho.. re.pon.ibl. for the cr181, cou14 be brought to ju.tlcQ aD4 that the Party cou14 be urged to .tap down. ~ lucc•••fal dev.lo~nt of the 4.~cratic proc.~e cau••d a 40.p crl.l. la the Bulged.aD Cc.uDlst Party. "lthln it. ...rCJId forc•• aware of tho _eel for lat.rnal refo~. %bat 'arty changed ita aBMa fro. Co~l.t to Socla11at aDd took .~ .tapa to 4.-ocrat188 It••tructure.. I ahould aote.. however.. that the cour•• of tho d.-ocratl••tlon la 8ulgarla vlll coatlnu. to depsDd upoa the ca.pllcata4 aDS coatradlctory proc..... curr.ntly UDd.r way In tha BalgariaD Soclall.t Partr~ fttIr. ea be DO doubt that parUaeatary duocl'acy III ths COUlltry w111 be At tho rOUD6-tabl. D09Otlatloal.. the oppo,ltloD forc.d the holdlag of electioa. for a Graa4 .atioaal Ala.ablYD a coa,tltueat parll...at calle4 v,pDD to a60pt a duocratlc =caBtltutloa aDd to paa. legl.1atloD CJUarlllt..1Dg the .ucc••• of the r.for., la the political aDd .coaa-le .ph.r.,. La,t JUDO.. ~ oppoaltloD carr19d 37 psr c.at of the vote at the flr.t IlUltl-party .1.CtlODrJ la Bulgada la the lat 50 yean. Tog.th.r vlth the Bulgarian Agrarian Party.. a ..all.r oppo.ltloD organization, It aov cODtrols 40 par c.at of the ,.at, la Parll...at. Many bellove that th. dl'trlbutioa of ••at' In the .ational aal.-bly doee DOt r.flect the actual balanc. of the political forc.1 la the couatry. Tbe fact that the JOUDV peopl... the lat.ll.ctual, and the people ID the bAg cltl.... laclu4lag tbo cepltal.. voted for the oppo,ltloD ladlcato. that It 18 backecJ by the 1I05t active part of the populatioD. (Pro.10tDt 1ba1.,) A Provisional Municipal Councils Act has beeD pas••d r.cently at.ed at diamantllug the totalitarian .tructur'M at the lev~l of munlcipalitie. ~ guarante.ing the participation of all political forcla in local ••1f-gov.rDSent. Thue~ the forthcoMing lo~al government elections will be h~ld ~der equal copditions for all participants. Currently a bill is being debated OD the depolitisat!on of the a~, polie., ••cur!ty agenci••, the courts of law, the state proaeeutor'. offic.s end ~ Mini.try for Fo~.igu Affairs. Under the provisioDS of the bill, people esplcyc4 ~ tho.e institutions would Dot be allowed membership in political parti.. aDd would be prohibit.d froll orgaahir.g political activity In favour of uy party. Thls 1_ would be of .ztr.... ll1pOrtencQ for the cOilpl.t. 4i11!'1l3lltllnl,i of the COIUWllet totalitarian aystea .ine. it would destroy its backbon., which ia the -arger of the Communist Party apparatu. with that of th. State• Ths BUlga~lan Parliamsnt ia also ezplct.d to pass a privatization af:t, 5 land law that. would return to its owners the land forcibly taken from th_ dUlt'lDC) the Sta1iniat collectivization drivel laws OD pr~perty, banting ana tradel mid nUl_rous other lawlS, mere limited iiil scope, that ahould provide the leg~l baals ff)r our society's transition from a centralized, State-run economy to a genuine I.arket economy. The first, and immediate, step on the road to economic reform w1l1 be the dismantling of the State monopoly in all spheres of economic life, without which privatization and agrarian refo~ would be quite impossible~ The guarmlte•• for the implementation of this far-reaching programme arel first, the awa~eniDCJ of a nation that desires to live in the conditions of democracy and of a mark.t ,con~ that releases people's energy and individual initiative, and secondly, the w111 and energy of the democratic opposition in Parliament, which is fuelling the d.-ocratic process and Is putting forward initiatives to prevent this process from being halted. In this brief sketch of my country, I must again emphasiz, that Bulgaria now In other words, we have an awakening civil society that is eagerly IIOv1DC) tovartt. democracy. This gives me sufficient grounds for concluding that Bulgaria is DO lODg.r a Communist or totalitarian State. But neither is it a fully dellOcratic COWltry, inasmuch as it still has not adopted a Dew Constitution and haD Dot ~.n able to base its economy OD free-market principles. Bulgaria is currently in a state of transition from totalitarian rule to democracy - that peculiar traD~itional state that some refer to aa post-totalitarian. The proee.aes, however, ~r. irreveraibl., ~4 the building of a fully democratic State, with a democratic Constitution, democratic institutions and a market economy, is only a matter of time. The deep democratic changes that have taken place in less than a year - changes that I mentioned earlier - could not fail to leave their imprint on Bulgaria's foreign policy, CQuld not but lead to changes in its principles, aim. and priorities. We have aategQrically re,ected the doctrine of limited sovereignty, knoWB •• the Breahnev doctrine, since it infringes our national independe~ce and violat•• the Bulgarian's national dignity and national pri~e. Me have also 4iscarded the so-called principle of Bocialist i~t.rnationalism, which is nothing but an ill-concealed lneDDI1 of subjugating our foreign policy to that of other StatelS. If. have abandoned the principle by which the country'. entire foreign policy was designed to .erve the inte~est8 and ideology of a single pa~ty enjoying a ~Dopoly of ~ver. In place of the principles that have been rejected, we have adopted Dew O~G. that meet the iatere.ts of a democratic State. Thus Bulgaria ha. re.tored the principle of full national independence and unre.tricted sovereignty, which _Dabl•• U8 to direct our own foreign policy. The interests of the State &SDI! the nat!on as a whole have taken the place of the principle of one-party domination. 50 pa~ty can now place its own interests above those of the D3tlon. The principle of reali.. and p~agmati.m ha. become BD important one in our new ~orei9D policy. Pragmatism, naturally, does not imply eqotism with respect to other State8~ nor 40es it imply gaining advantage for one's own natioD at the .~'4tD•• of oth.r.. On the cOllltrauy, wo al'. VD11 •.,are that political ~r....ti_ i. fQa.ible only in .trict cGRplianc. with established international no~, onl~ if the inter••t. of oth.~ couatri•• and peopl••, no aatter how cloao or reMOte tUJ' may be, *~,J re.pected and prot.cted. That i_ why B~19aria ha. .0 fi~ly .upport.d th. re.olution. of the Sec~ity Council in cOaDecticn with Iraq'. aggre••ioD agaln.t Kuwait and i••trictly ob.erviDg the ellbargo iJIIpo8eii again.t the aggressor. Bulgaria i8 probably the European country hard••t hit by the Gulf cri.ill. ft. blow i. IIada eveD 1101'. painful, having occurred at a tl.. wh.n the country 18 wuS.rgoiDCJ flir-reech1ag QCGDomlc r.forms. Production 1. 4ro~piDg, and there is aD Bcut••hortagt of goo4a. raw aat.riala aDd .nargy. The.e factor. al'. accelerating iaflatioaar.F proc••••• Rer~~al••s of th. wants and hardships that the BUlgarian people are forced to bear, wo ahall contiaue to cODd.... the Iraqi aggr•••i08. ~ .ball continUA to demand tho r.turn of Kuwait'. legitimate GoYarDaent and ehall continUA strictly to obsana the embargo. we are doing this in accol'daDCQ with our cnm conv!ct!ou, DOt becau•• we are forced to. I beli.vG that Bulgaria'. reaction to the Per.lan Gulf cri~i. has demonstrated in practical t.~ ~ country'. r.turn to the internatloaal Th. UDu1ility with which the Unit.d ••tlGIi. cODd••4e4 the aggr•••iOlll agalut a ...all andd.felllo.l••• natica is truly IIOviDCJ. It i. i ..d&04 .llco~l"agiD9 to •• countri.. euch a. the Unit.d Stat••, the Soviet Union, Prance, ~ UDite4 I1DgdoB, world Orguisation with r••pect to this cdai. we ••• the archetype of fatus global guarante.. for the sov.reiguty and territorial integrity of all 88&11 iIowvel', so lOIl9 Id ul tbla i. iltll1 iD tiW '"tUft - while it Iau Jet to bec.. l'eaUty - "l' cowatry la c~l1ed to aNt PArutees for its DaUoaal iD4epeIt4sDce, terdtorlal iategr:tty aa4 sovereipty. Yhla p::ob1_ iD ..~.-1DlJ ,articular 1IIportGlu:. aow, at a tllle wberi tit:> 014 .ptn of .Uitar)' &111...ces a4 !apodal relatioDa is diaifttegZ'at189 u4 • liD _y.t. has DOt pt MeD ba!lt.. At preeeat the guarantees for Bulgari.'e torritorial iategrlty st.. frea ~ ~.P2 fast. Givo. that all political realities al'. lD a ,roc••s of rap14 ~baDge, o~ oD1~ reliable .ecurity for the future 11.. ID faithful adhereace to the priseip1•• of Pirst amGD; th... prioritie. ls ~ desire to ..lDtal. 9004 - if possible, our for.19D policr. whos. DeW prloriti.s etea directly frOM those priacl,1e•• friendl, - relat.ioDs with our aeigbbous, Ar«tlat1oas baBe" 011 .utual r••lNtCt for each otbGr'. lDterest., roccgDitioD of the territorial iategrity of all co..tries ia the regloa, aDd the pr~tloD of ocoD081c aa4 c"ltu~a1 ti•• with .&Ch of the.. c:outd•• OD the bul. of IlUtual ac!vut;qe. I _hoald lite to .-phut.. ID particular .1' coutlrY'" r.adi..... to CODtl'1lNte to the 1IIproveMat of the IIltuatios iD the Balk.a. ... at8 finsl!, cOlalthcl to puttlog aD 8D4 to the cri.i. ill Bu19arlAD-~kl.hrelatioD.. I aM COBYlace4 tbst the tlH has COlMD to tenal_to this lut co14 war iD Iu!'ope. At tU ... tJBe" I sboul4 Ut. to wadel'llu that our "!ll1~D. to reach wtu1 ~1'.taa4!aItdth Turtey does Dot MU that wc have ay InteDt.lon of aban40lliDJ the iac!'.u1.. closenGss developing between us and otber Balkan neighbours. In other words, let us Europeani., the BalkanB, rather than Balkanizing Europe. A secoDd priority in BUlgaria's foroign policy is its opening-up to the world by 611minating all economic and political barriers inhoritod from the old r8g~. Without this opening-up we should be unable to obtain the ~ew and modern technologies and the investment that are ~gedod from the successful transition from a centrclly planned economy to a market economy. A priority for Bulgaria la membership of the united Europe of the future and the comprehenmive development of our relations with the United States and all other industrialized nations. This means broad participation by my country in the global integration processes. In this respect we are intensifying our ties with all international organizations F~d are taking an ever-more-active part in their work. ~~!i:'aly" .. arc trying to be lI01'e active and flezible within the fraMwrk of the Helsinti proceEs with & view to its institutionalisation dS an int.rnational mechanism for cODzultation and co-operation. A fourth priority is the reassessment of our country's performance at the United Nations,. an orC)uisation that we wUl continue to support. It il'l ou~ view that the Orgubatioll can further enhance its role in our world both in protecting the national interests of its Member Stat.s and in safeguarding world peace in general. As a fifth priority, I should like to point out the a~aptatlon of our national leg!slation and nlw Constitution to the requirements of tho Europea~ Convention on Human Rights, the International Covenant OD Civil and Political Rights and tho Convention on thG RlqhtD of the Child, to mention only a few. Bulgaria haa already undertaken important steps to gusrantee tho rights and frled~mB of all BUlgarian citi.,ns rlgar41e88 of thoir religious end ethnic affiliation, to hring our legislation into line with international standards in this sphlre in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Significant amendments havs been made to the Foreign Travel Passports Act, tha Law on BUlgarian Citizenship and the Law on Foreign Nationals' Stay in the Peopl,'. Republic of BUlgaria. As of tomorrow, Germany .ill 8gain he a united State. ~rom this Impo~tant rostrum and on hehalf of the BUlgarian natioD I extend our varmast &Dd aincer. congratulations to th~ Ge~an nation, with which we have maintained close tlea throughout our history. I am convinced that & united, de~~cratic and prosparlBg Germany will promote stability and internetional co-operation In Burope and the worldo Finally" I wi.h once again to reiterate what I believe the world should bow abou.t Bulgari., ay country has lIIbarked irreversibly upon the road to IIOC1em deMOcracy and a mark.t-oriented econoay. I expre•• the hope of all Bulgariana that the ne. Bulgaria will earn its place in the co.-unity of nations united by the value. of freedOll" datJlOcracy and peace. D. PlaSIDQ'E1 On behalf of the General Aa.'lIbly" I "hh to thuk the Prla1dent of thl Plople'. aepublic of Bulqaria for the .tatlltAlnt he haa jUllt made. Mr. Zb.lyu Zh.l.y. President of the PoQ21e" Republic of Bulgaria. yo• • ,gort.d from tbe Glneral AS'lmbly Rall. AGINDA ITEM 9 (gonUuod) GDBRAL DBBATB Mr. AL-SIINU\' (Syrian Arab aepublic) (interpretation fru Arablch It 9iv•• at gr.at pl.asure to congratulat. you" Sir" OD your .lection to the pr••idlncy of the forty-fifth ,.,.ion of the Glneral A••,mbly" particularly a. fOur country" Halta" and .ine" Syria" IDioy ag,-old cultural an4 hl.torlcal tl'. g for both countri., ))along to that MediterranlaD are•• I .hould al.o lite to take this opportunity to expre's my appr.ciation of the achievement of your predecesBor" Mr. JOB.ph Garba" in ,ucce,sfully qul4iag the work of the forty-fourth ~e.,loD of the Genlral As,embly. May ~ "i'h hi. friendly country" Rigeria" proqr.,. and prosperity. We "amly nlco_ the independence of Namibia and ita ;Joining of the international community. Hemibla DOW .tands "ith the peoples of the world in .upport of their iuat cau.... W. aleo welcome the membeE'ship of LiechttDat.in ill. our international Organization. It aleo gives me great pleasure to express to the Secretary-General" Mr. Javier Per•• de Cueu'ar, our appreciation of the valuable efforts he cODtin•• to make to"ard. the establl.hMnt of peace and stability in the world and the consolidation of the purpo.e. and principle. of the United Ration. Charter. av.r the la.t f." year. anc! in the course of this :rear in particular, ~e world has "ltn••••d .ajor, s"ift and profound .v.nts and trADsfo~ationD who.e .ff.cta al'. not It-ited to the current pha.e of int.rnational relation. but "ill have an t.pact Oft the future of humanity as a whole. We may agr.. or 41sagr.. in .Ds•••ing the consequenc.. of tho.e current event. and trulIfomationll particularly in the long tem. Rc"ever, it i. DOW certain that the CGld war Is over and that a numbar of countri•• which until recently uaad to be clasdUed aa of the "Sociali.t bloc" have opted for a IUtv approach. Irs a fe. hOUl.'l!I' ti..., a united Gernumy w11l e...rgo. Aa recently aa la.t year, ay talk of a united G.~any waa taboo. ID brief, we could say that the world or4er bl'ouCJht about by the Secon4 World Mar ha. now collapBed and a D9W world ord.r i. begll1DIDIJ to emerge with the disappearance of th. cold war, th. fading of th. spirit of animosity b.tween Baat and M.st ad the launching of a D.W phase of un4erstu41ag and co-operatioD. With the en4 of the co14 war an4 the collapse of the 010\ world or4er, it waa only Datural that a spirit of opti.i.. should prevail, especially that the great aa'ority of 4eveloping countries had been unable to participat~ in that collap.eCl old order, becau•• at that till8 they were either under colonial rule or under tho protection of a colonial Power. HODe the less, the developing countries of the South still face difficult taats if they are to play their natural role in shapi89 tha nftw world order and, thereby" become more capable of protecting their independence and achieving prosperity for their peoples free from all forml of dependency and hegemony. The Ira~i invasion of Kuwait was the first serious test of the ability of the new world or4er to survive. That is why the Security Council did not have lIlDDy alternatives; hence, its prompt and strong reaction to the invasion, not only to save Kuwait as aD independent State Member of the United Nations, but, firat aDd foremost, to save the policy of international dotente and the new wor14 or4er froa collapse. That ezplains the totally unprecedented international consenSUB, in condemning aggression and calling for the unconditioDal withdrawal of the Ira~i fore•• from Kuwait and the restitution of Kuwait's legitimate Government. Apart from its belief in tho.e concepts and its commitment to the Charter of the United Nations and the Security Council resolutions, Syria, as an Arab cOUDt~, ia duty-bound untieI' the Charter of the Arab League and the Joint Arab DefenCe Pact to help any Arab country which falls victim to aggression. Furthermore, in accordance with the principles it has always followed in its Arab policy, Syria considers the Ira~i invasion of Kuwait to have caused grave damage to the people of Ira~ itself, because it has put them in a dead end - to say the least. Th. invasion has harmed the Arab nation es a whole, for it has aggravated the weakae•• Re,pub:U~) of that notion, divided its ronts and undermined its prestige. It has 0130 ho~4 the Palestinian cause, since the concern of most Arab and other friendly countries about that cause has diminished. The invasion of Kuwait, with all its attendant horror and the fear it instilled in the heart of every Arab citizen in the Gulf, has provided the reason which made the pres~nce of foreign troops necessary as a means of protecting Arabs from fellow Arabs, something that could Dot have neveT been imagined. It is evident that ending the foreign presence in the region - which Syria seeks - could be accomplished throuqh serious efforts to bring about th~ unconditional withdrawal of the Iraq! forces from Kuwait and the restitution of Kuwait's legitimate Government. Hiding behind slogans about Islam, Pan-Arabism and the distribution of 011 wealth 1lfill neither deceive the people of Iraq, nor reduce the magnitUde of their sufferiDgs. Arabs and Muslims know full well that Islamic Iran was attacked in the name of Pan-Arabism and that Arab !tuwait was attached and occupied under the slogan of Islam and Jihad. Although Iraq is one of the richest oil Stated, the entire Arab wealth will not be sufficient to meet the cost of its irresponsible polici••• The policy of A9gres=ioa a~d occupation and the AD~ezation of the lands of others by force has always been rejected and denounced by the international community. United Nations resolutions condemninq the Israeli occupation of Arab lands and calling for Israel's full withdrawal from those lands are reiterated every year in this internat.ional forum and others. Yet the cold war ad the rivalry between East and West tended to enfeeble the effectiveness of United Nations resolutione and in ODe way or another allowed the Aggressor to maintain its occupation and reap the fruits of its &ggression. But now that the cold war betweln Bast and lfeat has end,d and relations between them have .itn,••,d a transition from rivalry ADd ~onfrontat1on to co-operatioD and partn.~.hlp, and with the .mergence on th' hort.on of a new WOrld order, which the world community is anzlous to tend and Dourish, all occupation, annezation and the acqui.ition of the land. of other8 by force must come to an end, the aggr.ssor should no longer reap the fruits of it. 8ggre••ion. It is truly a strange paradoz that Israel, which claims to desire peace, should reject a conference for peace iD the Middle Baat. Tbe intornational community has been calling for suc~ a conference, under United Nation. auspice., for tho last 4ecade. It i. yet another strange paradoz that IlIrael, which cla1lls that the problem in the region is the non-eziatence of peace accords between it.elf ad Arab countries, doe. not acknowledge that the re,al problem 11.~ in ita , occupation of Arab lud., Peace cannot be achieved without Israel' .. full withdrawal froll tho.e lands. Peace and occupe.tion he 'et never c09zistod UDder the same roof at any time in history. Syria, which hae not hesitatea to condemn the occupation and aDDexation of ID Arab country by anothor, expects the wE'ld, in the ne" international clmatee to stand firm aqainst the Israeli occupation of Arab lands. If' beUeve that the statement issued by the Poreign Ministers of the five permanent members of the Security Council on 28 September 1990, ¥bich calls for finding a just, comprehensive and lasting settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict based on Security Council re.olutions 242 (l,e7) and 339 (1973), is an important step in the right direction. The rejection of occupation and annezatioD ie a principle that ..at be respected ADd applied lD all case., irrespective of who the occupiar .1ght be or where the occupied territorie. 8ight 11., for Buch a principle must ba at tba core of the De" world order ~