S/PV.10019 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representative of Serbia to participate in this meeting. On behalf of the Council, I welcome His Excellency Mr. Marko Đurić, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite Mr. Milbert Dongjoon Shin, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary- General for Kosovo, to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite Ms. Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I also invite His Excellency Mr. Stavros Lambrinidis, Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations, to participate in this meeting. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I give the floor to Mr. Shin. Mr. Shin: It is my honour to brief the Security Council on developments in Kosovo since the latest report of the Secretary-General (S/2025/634), covering the period from 16 March through 15 September, and to provide some overarching observations. I would like to begin by commending and congratulating the people of Kosovo on the peaceful and inclusive atmosphere of the local elections held on 12 October. I call on all parties to maintain the same calm and inclusive environment in the run- off elections set for 9 November in order that people can continue to freely enjoy their right to vote. I would also like to acknowledge the important role played by the Election Complaints and Appeals Panel and the Supreme Court in upholding the rule of law and ensuring compliance with electoral laws in Kosovo. Their decisions reinforced the legal guarantees of inclusiveness and electoral integrity. While we welcome the slight increase in the number of women candidates in mayoral elections this year, I note that only one municipality out of 38 will be led by a woman mayor. As elected local officials prepare to assume office, we look forward to the smooth and timely formation of local government administrations that can serve all residents. Municipal governments are the closest link to communities. Their proper functioning helps translate people’s voices into actions that shape their daily lives. Since the legislative elections in February, divisions between political parties had prevented the constitution of the Assembly of Kosovo and the formation of a Government. This stalemate had constrained the functioning of central institutions. On 10 October, with the election of a Kosovo Serb Deputy President, the Assembly was declared to be constituted by its President. Subsequently, 10 Assembly members, including the 9 members from the Srpska Lista party, contested this election before the Constitutional Court. Pending the Court’s decision, we reiterate that respect for the independence of the judiciary remains a cornerstone of democratic society, and we express hope that, in line with the Court’s ultimate decision, political divisions can soon be overcome so that the people of Kosovo will be represented and served by their institutions. Earlier this year, Kosovo authorities enabled many residents with documents from Serbia-run institutions to regularize their status in the Kosovo system. We welcome this positive step. We also encourage the authorities to establish a more consistent pathway for civil registration. A commitment to seeking solutions can best enable all members from non-majority communities to acquire necessary documents and enjoy equitable access to services. The authorities in Kosovo recently announced that the full enforcement of the Law on Foreigners and the Law on Vehicles would begin on 1 November. This could introduce administrative challenges, affecting access to essential rights and services, including healthcare, education and employment. This is concerning for those habitual residents of Kosovo from non-majority communities who continue to face difficulties in obtaining the necessary documentation. This should be a moment to renew efforts to find solutions to these challenges. We reiterate the concerns that we and our international partners have expressed regarding the potential impact of the closure of Serbia-run institutions on access to healthcare, education and culture. The Pristina authorities have cited legal and administrative imperatives behind these measures, and the issues remain complex. It is important that the Pristina authorities genuinely engage all communities concerned prior to enforcing decisions that affect daily life and that they seek viable alternatives in order to avoid or minimize negative impacts. We acknowledge in this regard the continued efforts by the EU’s Special Representative in Pristina to engage with the authorities and those affected in order to mitigate the impact of decisions that bear mainly on non-majority communities. In my discussions with political, religious and community leaders and civil society representatives from all communities, interlocutors have consistently highlighted the importance of dialogue to building trust in managing these complex issues. The second anniversary of the serious security incident in Banjska has recently passed. We call on all relevant authorities in Belgrade and Pristina to take transparent and effective measures to bring the perpetrators to justice, including by cooperating through mutually agreed mechanisms. Similarly, full accountability is also essential for the attack, nearly a year ago, on the Ibar-Lepenac water canal. As highlighted in the Secretary-General’s report, we are concerned about arrests relating to the display of cultural, national or religious symbols. We underscore the need to respect the legal framework that exists in Kosovo and strike a proper balance between protecting freedom of expression and preventing the incitement of hatred and violence. Failure to maintain this balance risks infringing international human rights standards and undermining public trust in the justice and security sectors. Here, too, confidence can be built through dialogue and community engagement. I reiterate the calls of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) for the return of Kosovo Serbs to public institutions. Kosovo’s vibrant multi-ethnic society should be reflected across its institutions. Doing so can only strengthen democratic governance. We congratulate Kosovo on marking the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Ombudsperson Institution. I underline our Mission’s continued support for the institution and its reporting, engagement and outreach in line with the Paris Principles. Kosovo’s dynamic civic space remains one of its greatest strengths. Yet, recent pressures on civil society warrant close attention. Media freedom and freedom of expression also remain under pressure. The Association of Journalists of Kosovo has reported personal attacks against journalists, and the public television broadcaster has faced challenges to its independence. UNMIK reiterates the importance of building trust among communities. We therefore continue despite financial constraints, to promote trust and social cohesion through our programmatic activities. We are doing this in close cooperation with the United Nations Kosovo team and local and international partners. These efforts are yielding results. For example, we have supported a grassroots initiative over the past two years that worked in a number of municipalities to implement projects bringing different communities together. This has fostered intercommunity dialogue, while also delivering practical, tangible benefits. These communities are also working hand in hand with local authorities. Indeed, the co-financing of these projects by municipal authorities reflects the key element of local ownership in this collaborative approach to trust-building. We also see that our projects are having lasting impacts. A tractor provided 12 years ago to a mixed community of Kosovar Albanian and Kosovo Serb farmers continues to bind neighbours today. Over the years, that initial investment has even inspired other forms of cooperation among these farmers. The Barabar Centre remains a flagship for these efforts, having hosted more than 220 events for more than 17,000 participants from all communities over the past three years. Through these events, we continue to create safe spaces for open and honest dialogue across communities, generating opportunities for reconciliation and lasting peace. These and many other initiatives contribute to reducing intercommunity tensions and to favouring an enabling environment for the political process. We are also maintaining our commitment to advancing the participation of women and youth in political processes. Last year, UNMIK supported a leadership training programme for 60 representatives, 45 of whom were women, to enhance participatory governance across Kosovo. Participants came from various political parties and civil society organizations to improve their capacity to engage in democratic processes and expand cross-community networks. We are pleased that several of the women trainees stood as first-time candidates in the 2025 local elections. The seventh United Nations Youth Assembly in Kosovo, held this June, brought together more than 130 young leaders from Kosovo and across the Western Balkans. Their energy and vision shone through, demonstrating that young people are not only the leaders of tomorrow but also vital agents of change today. Our Mission’s work on trust-building stems from our commitment to peacekeeping and peacebuilding across society with a view to fostering a culture of peace, whereby persons from all communities have a sense of belonging. I thank all my colleagues for their long-standing dedication to this work, despite the challenges that they face in implementing our mandate. Before concluding, I wish to acknowledge the outstanding contribution of the outgoing Commander of the Kosovo Force (KFOR), Major General Enrico Barduani, whose leadership has been pivotal in managing crises and ensuring security. I also warmly welcome his successor, Major General Özkan Ulutaş, as he returns to lead KFOR for a second time. We look forward to working closely with him in the period ahead.

I thank Mr. Shin for his briefing. I now give the floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia.

Allow me to begin with the words of Nelson Mandela, who once said that to deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity. These words echo with painful clarity today, as we speak about Kosovo and Metohija, where the fundamental rights of Serbs are not merely being ignored; they are being systematically eroded, piece by piece. What we are witnessing is not an abstract political dispute but a human struggle for dignity, security and survival. I begin by extending my sincere thanks to Secretary-General Guterres and Deputy Special Representative Shin for this report and for their unwavering commitment to fulfilling the mandate of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) under resolution 1244 (1999). The Republic of Serbia also expresses profound gratitude to each and every member of UNMIK, who, despite severe constraints, limited resources and the hostile environment, are tirelessly safeguarding peace, security and human rights in Kosovo and Metohija. I also commend the previous head of UNMIK, Ms. Caroline Ziadeh, for her dedicated service. This year, as we mark 80 years since the founding of the United Nations — a beacon of hope, forged from the ashes of humanity’s darkest war — we are reminded of its solemn promise: “never again”. Yet, on the sovereign soil of a United Nations Member State, that promise is being tested. Kosovo and Metohija is enduring ethnically driven attacks, relentless persecution, arbitrary arrests, brazen usurpations and unchecked violence — a direct challenge to the principles the United Nations was built to defend. In this context, Serbia welcomes the Secretary-General’s report (S/2025/634) as a modest but meaningful step towards balanced, truth-based reporting on the situation in Kosovo and Metohija. We deeply value UNMIK’s role in upholding international law, protecting vulnerable communities and maintaining stability in the face of growing pressures. But let us not mince words: any report falls short of capturing the full horror unfolding daily. This is no abstract crisis; it is the shattering of human lives, the tearing apart of families gripped by terror and children robbed of innocence in the twenty-first century. Kurti’s regime has shuttered 128 vital institutions in Serb-majority areas — services for education, healthcare, social protection, postal delivery, pensions and jobs. Even the International Committee of the Red Cross in Kosovo and Metohija has been targeted, a flagrant violation of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement’s sacred principles. As the Secretary-General’s report itself records: “Kosovo authorities continued closing Serbia-run institutions, including the Pension Disability Insurance Fund and the National Employment Service in Leposavić… [the] city library and the premises of the city museum in North Mitrovica, the branch of the Serbian Red Cross in Zubin Potok, and the sports hall in Leposavić” (S/2025/634, para. 25). The report further notes that “international actors… criticized these closures for impeding access to services and facilities by residents and affecting their social, economic and cultural rights” (ibid., para. 26). This systematic denial of rights is not just a Serbian tragedy; it is a profound moral failure to act. I ask: What future awaits children who learn to hide their Serbian tongue from cradle to grave? These atrocities are no accidents. They stem from Pristina’s cultivated hatred, embodied by Kurti’s doctrine of slow-motion ethnic cleansing. His aim is to drive Serbs from their homes, sacred sites and land. This is now being further aggravated by the worrisome militarization of Kosovo and Metohija — through the accelerated arming of the so-called Kosovo Security Force and the recent delivery of armed killer drones by a neighbouring country. Such developments threaten to destabilize the fragile security architecture painstakingly maintained in the region. Serbia has repeatedly cautioned that building peace cannot mean arming one side while disregarding the legitimate security concerns of another. This reverses the hard-won progress achieved during President Donald Trump’s first term, which ignited hope for regional stability and partnership. Kurti’s war is not against political foes; it is against an entire people. Politically charged arrests, institutional abuse for intimidation and secret warrants against Serbian leaders erode the rule of law, isolating and marginalizing our community. Alarming too are the escalating assaults on Serbian Orthodox Church sites, humanity’s cultural treasures. Monasteries endure desecration not as random vandalism, but as deliberate erasure. The message is: you do not belong. Kurti’s regime interrogates clergy, renames ancient heritage and shutters institutions essential to community life. This is echoed in the Secretary-General’s report, which “recorded numerous incidents affecting Serbian Orthodox and Catholic sites in non-majority areas” (ibid., para. 88) including vandalism, illegal construction and the harassment of clergy. Consider the example from Kosovska Mitrovica: a cherished Serbian-language sign in Cyrillic, emblazoned with a red heart, was torn down and replaced with Albanian script and a green hue. This is not bureaucracy — it is symbolic warfare, suppressing language, rejecting Christian icons and wiping out Serbian traces. Add to that the renaming of Lake Trump, a name chosen by local Serbs to honour peace efforts, and Kurti’s intolerance is laid bare. As President Donald Trump said before this very Organization: “If our goal is lasting peace, we must learn to see the world through the eyes of others.” This is precisely what Kurti refuses to do and what Serbia continues to call for: mutual respect, justice and genuine coexistence. The report documents that “local authorities painted over murals and graffiti in all four municipalities in northern Kosovo that depicted Serbian symbols, including those related to the Serbian Orthodox Church” (ibid., para. 42) and that “websites of Kosovo institutions had systematically disregarded the Law on the Use of Languages”, installing traffic signs “exclusively” in the “Albanian language” (ibid., para. 75). Yet the Serbian spirit endures, unbreakable. This resilience shone in the 12 October local elections, in which the Serbian List triumphed in 9 of 10 Serb- majority municipalities in the first round. This is not mere politics — it is defiance. Serbs, amid pressure and intimidation, are affirming faith in Serbia, democracy and self-determination. Even Albanians increasingly reject Kurti’s radicalism, craving peace over division. I want to send a message to the brave Serbs of Kosovo and Metohija: your perseverance inspires us all. We are with you. Know that Serbia stands firmly by your side, committed to your protection and prosperity. These victories nearly vanished. Kurti sought to ban the Serbian List, stripping Serbs of electoral rights. He flouts Kosovo’s so-called Constitution by installing loyalists, overriding voters’ will. This is not just our assessment: the United Nations report itself states that “the Central Election Commission rejected the certification of the Serbian List and Serbian Democracy parties” (ibid., para. 22), and notes that the Quint, the European Union Office in Kosovo and UNMIK criticized the decision, warning that such actions undermine democratic principles and erode trust in Kosovo’s institutions. Serbia remains a steadfast partner in European Union-facilitated dialogue with Pristina. Under the visionary leadership of President Vučić, who has tirelessly worked towards regional stability and economic growth, we seek compromise, not conflict; protection for our people, not domination. But dialogue demands mutual goodwill. Serbia offers it; Pristina should reciprocate. Today, I issue a resounding call: after 12 years, Pristina must form the community of Serb-majority municipalities. This is not Serbia’s whim, it is Pristina’s binding pledge to the EU and its own citizens, and a cornerstone for Serb rights and security. Kurti sabotages dialogue, unravelling Brussels’ agreements and Washington’s accords, halting projects, rejecting diplomas and harassing faiths. He undermines President Trump’s peace legacy, stoking Balkan tensions anew. This reckless behaviour is compounded by the ongoing militarization of Kosovo, which risks escalating tensions further. Deliveries of lethal drone systems and other offensive capabilities to the so-called Kosovo Security Force deepen mistrust, undermine regional confidence and contradict the spirit of restraint that the Council has long advocated. Despite everything, Serbia champions stability, partnership over provocation and dialogue over discord. We claim nothing unfairly but defend our rights and people fiercely. Peace must rest on justice; all revisionism meets our unyielding truth. UNMIK’s role is indispensable, its mandate untouchable. Reducing it would embolden force over law. Serbia demands UNMIK’s full, undiminished presence to shield against those who scorn human rights. We insist on open Security Council sessions on UNMIK. Transparency ensures that truth prevails, not hidden agendas. Serbia is no obstacle; we are the solution — a stable, law-abiding ally. Peace is not unilateral. It crumbles if victims are silenced, children terrorized and peoples erased. The Secretary-General himself has underscored that concerns raised by non-majority communities, in particular the Kosovo Serb community, regarding the closure of institutions providing essential services, need to be addressed. Safeguarding the economic and social rights of non-majority communities remains crucial. The Kosovo authorities are urged to safeguard and advance human rights, I envision, for the future, Serbian-Albanian friendship, as recent bilateral strides between Serbia and Albania have proven are possible, free from Kurti’s apartheid- like nationalism. Once imprisoned, Kurti now mirrors his own captors, drunk on power and ethno-supremacy. Let this meeting renew the 80-year mission of the United Nations to defend justice, peace and dignity. Ignoring Serb rights violations erodes global order. Serbia trusts dialogue, cherishes peace and seeks compromise, but silence before injustice is complicity. Therefore, Serbia urges the Council and the world to uphold UNMIK fully, condemn abuses of Serb rights and defend international law as the bedrock of security. We extend our hand in dialogue, yet safeguard our people, dignity and sovereignty with resolve.

I now give the floor to Ms. Gërvalla-Schwarz. Ms. Gërvalla-Schwarz: The State of the Republic of Kosova is strong. Our strength derives from our people, from our Western democracy and from our strong economy. We have had democratic elections for the national Parliament this year, described by both national and international observers as free and fair. We have also had democratic elections at the local level, in October, which were free and fair as well. For the fifth time in a row, the World Bank has ranked Kosova among the top leaders of economic growth in all of Europe. While other countries are struggling, the projection for our growth is again approximately 4 per cent per year for 2025 and 2026. Foreign direct investments are increasing, as are customs and tax revenues. Kosova ranks first in Europe and third in the world in the Law and Order Index, with 94 out of 100 points. This is the result of the hard work and energy of the people in the youngest country in Europe, with the youngest population and with the most optimistic mindset, as measured in international polls. Let me make clear that there is no Kosovo and Metohija. It does not exist. Kosovo and Metohija, as an expression, is a clear expression of the hegemonistic ambition of Serbia over Kosova. To keep it simple, it is the old language of Slobodan Milošević and those who follow him still. Kosova is a pure Western democracy in the Western Balkans. The support for NATO and the United States is at a 90 per cent level in our country. We are the most pro-NATO and the most pro-United States country in the world. We were saved from an ongoing genocide by the civilized world, through NATO’s intervention. Approximately 13,000 people were killed by Serbian atrocities, instigated by a war criminal, President Milošević. His propaganda minister during this genocide was Mr. Vučić, who is now the President of Serbia. Therefore, we are not talking about history, but about the present. And in the present, Serbia is a real threat to the region. Every day we watch the relentless propaganda machine of Vučić-controlled media and see the hatred that is systematically spread, poisoning Serbian society. And we see the systematic spread of propaganda preparing a military aggression against our country. Across Serbia, you can see huge graffiti and big murals like this one, with the slogan: “When the army returns to Kosovo”. It does not say if, it says when. They do not hide their goals. They are clear about them, openly. They just leave the timing open. Yes, we are in favour of dialogue, and I really want to use this occasion to commend the work of Mr. Sorenson in trying to find a way for us to achieve a good result, even with Serbia’s rejection. But please, we need real dialogue, not deception Yes, we want to reduce tensions. As the smaller neighbour, we have every interest in reducing tensions with our aggressive neighbour, which has a military machine equipped far beyond what is necessary for defence, equipped by Russia and China. For the first time in history, it has undertaken military exercises in China, just a few weeks ago. That is the reality. Other versions are wishful thinking. Therefore, we have to be as clear as possible, here at this highest United Nations body, whose most important obligation under the Charter of the United Nations is to preserve peace. The fact of the matter is Serbia proved in 2023 that it is ready for war. Vučić can only be deterred, not convinced. A racist mindset is not something you can simply wish or talk away. In September 2023, Serbia carried out a military-grade attack against the Republic of Kosova, sending paramilitaries trained and equipped by Serbia, with anti-tank, anti-aircraft and other sophisticated weapons, with plans to carve out the northern territory of our country by force. The commander of that incursion was Vučić’s right-hand man for Kosova. Meanwhile, Vučić keeps hosting him as a guest of honour of the regime. It is impunity for murder, for aggression. The international community has to pressure the regime. If there are no consequences, they will escalate further because they have nothing to fear but words. Mr. Đurić, the current Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, knows that murderer very well. He has no problem with murderers or with violence. He may have a soft voice, but he sat down for coffee after the Banjska aggression with a murderer  — Mr. Radoičić. Mr. Đurić was Vučić’s representative for Kosova for years, colluding with extremists, overseeing a massive increase in violence and threats against Serb citizens by Serb criminals and terrorists. He was a partner in crime, corruption and suppression. Then we came into power and that story ended. We freed those citizens  — mostly Serb Kosovar citizens  — from the brutal grip of organized crime. Unfortunately, one will not learn any of that from the reports issued by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). Kosova is not the country described in the biased and incomplete UNMIK report that omits basic facts. The propaganda machines of Russia and Serbia are investing a lot to distort reality, to claim that our Serb citizens are being driven out of the country. Here is the catch. Does anyone here know any country that invests millions for 2,000 jobs in a region with less than 30,000 people, only to then drive them out? Does anyone know any country that allows foreign hostile payments to its own citizens while at the same time paying pensions, child benefits and social transfers itself? One will not find any of that in the UNMIK report. We are against all discrimination, but we will also not tolerate the horrors of the past returning — never again. We are fighting extremism, and we are fighting for tolerance and the rule of law, like any other normal European country. Serbia is not a normal European country. It is ready to bully, threaten and attack peaceful neighbours. That is why we know how to distinguish between the Belgrade regime and the Serb citizens. Months ago, Serbia arrested former police officer Arbnor Spahiu while he was travelling through Serbia with his family. The accusation was alleged involvement in the defence against the Serbian attack on Banjska. At that time, however, Arbnor Spahiu had long left the police service and was living abroad. But this case clearly demonstrates the extent of Serbia’s involvement in the Banjska attack and its pursuit of retaliation against those who defended Kosova and resisted Radoičić and the other paramilitaries involved in the Banjska operation. From this very place, I call on Serbia to immediately release Arbnor Spahiu. Serbia’s regime is constantly trying to interfere in Kosova, Bosnia, Montenegro and North Macedonia. It is fundamentally wrong and highly dangerous to search for a solution by appeasing the Vučić regime. It does not work — not for Kosova and not for Bosnia — because it is all about extremist ideologies pursued by the biggest and most aggressive country in the region. There is a reason that many call it little Russia. It is because Russia is deeply embedded in Serbia — in politics, Government, secret services, the economy, the energy sector, the media, even the military— simply everywhere. We must not be distracted by false propaganda. We must face reality. It is not about four small municipalities. It is about Russia, its allies and geopolitics. It will surely not be the biased UNMIK report that defines the future of our region. UNMIK has to be closed. It is a huge waste of United Nations money. It serves no purpose anymore. If it were gone tomorrow, nothing would change with regard to Kosova and its citizens. The outcome in the region will be defined by the battle between Western democracies and autocracies for influence in this part of Europe. We need a thorough analysis of facts on the ground to find a geopolitical answer to Serbia, Russia and China, which want to seize control over that part of Europe within the European Union and NATO geography. Again, this is definitely not about Kosova. Kosova is just fine. As I said, our citizens, youth, women, economy, growth, military and police are all thriving. Kosova has the strength and the willpower to weather any storm. We are pursuing our path to Euro-Atlantic integration. Serbia is going in the other direction — towards Russia. Our warning is clear: do not wait too long. Do not risk another Balkan war by focusing on the wrong questions instead of tackling the real danger.

I thank Ms. Gërvalla-Schwarz for her briefing. I shall now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to make statements.

I welcome Foreign Minister Đurić of Serbia to today’s meeting. I thank Deputy Special Representative Milbert Dongjoon Shin for his briefing. I would like to make four points on this topic. First, it is imperative to maintain social stability. For some time now, the situation in northern Kosovo has been volatile. The Kosovo authorities forced the closure of multiple institutions opened by the Serb community; targeted Serbs with violent searches, threats and coercion and forcibly built and opened the Ibar River bridge. These acts have violated the legitimate rights and interests of the Serbs and have led to panic and tensions. China expresses grave concerns about these developments. We urge the Kosovo authorities to cease escalatory unilateral actions, earnestly safeguard the safety and legitimate rights and interests of the Serb community and maintain peace and stability in the North. Secondly, committed efforts are needed to promote ethnic reconciliation. The complex ethnic relations in the Balkans have been shaped by history. Inclusion and reconciliation serve the long-term and fundamental interests of all communities. Thirdly, it is imperative to steadfastly advance dialogue and negotiation. China welcomes the two European Union-facilitated meetings between Serbia and Kosovo and notes the challenges faced by the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue process. The crux of the issue lies in the Kosovo authorities’ long-standing unilateral actions and the ensuing mutual trust deficit and heightened ethnic antagonism. We look forward to the Kosovo authorities’ constructive measures to encourage the engagement of the parties, bridge differences and division and seek an early political settlement of relevant issues. Fourthly, it is imperative to firmly support the role of the United Nations. The Organization’s presence is a strong guarantee for resolving the Kosovo issue. The Security Council should maintain its attention to and input on the Kosovo issue and support the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) in playing its role for stability and national reconciliation in Kosovo. The Kosovo authorities should earnestly respect and ensure the safety and security of UNMIK personnel and premises and provide convenience for the Mission to conduct its work. China’s position on the Kosovo issue is consistent and clear. We support all parties concerned, within the framework of resolution 1244 (1999) in reaching a mutually acceptable solution through dialogue and consultation. In this process, Serbia’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity should be fully respected. China stands ready to work with all parties to continue to promote dialogue, engagement and peaceful coexistence among communities in the region and the early political settlement of the Kosovo issue.

At the outset, I would like to thank Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General Shin for his comprehensive briefing. Somalia welcomes the participation of His Excellency Mr. Đurić, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, Ms. Gërvalla-Schwarz and Mr. Lambrinidis, Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations. We have carefully reviewed the Secretary-General’s most recent report (S/2025/634) and recognize the important role that the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) continues to play in supporting peace, stability and dialogue in the region. Our delegation appreciates the commitment of all parties to constructive engagement and acknowledges the ongoing efforts to address outstanding challenges through peaceful means. We take note of the steps taken towards the constitution of the Assembly of Kosovo. It is essential that all parties work together constructively to ensure the completion of this process in an inclusive manner and in accordance with Kosovo’s constitutional standards. With local elections continuing in November, Somalia urges all political actors in Kosovo to foster the conditions necessary for a peaceful, free and inclusive electoral process. We reaffirm our continued and unwavering support for the European Union-facilitated dialogue, which remains the principal framework for resolving outstanding issues between Belgrade and Pristina. We call on both parties to reaffirm their commitment to this dialogue and to avoid any actions or rhetoric that could undermine trust or escalate tensions. It is vital that all unresolved matters In conclusion, we express our appreciation for the outgoing Special Representative, Ms. Caroline Ziadeh, and the entire UNMIK team for their tireless efforts to promote dialogue and build trust on the ground. We further acknowledge the valuable cooperation between UNMIK, the United Nations Kosovo team and key partners, including the Kosovo Force, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the European Union. The continued unified support of the Council for diplomatic engagement remains essential. The international community stands ready to assist all parties in their pursuit of mutually acceptable and peaceful solutions. We encourage all stakeholders to prioritize engagement through established frameworks and to demonstrate restraint in both words and actions. Lasting peace will require patience, sustained commitment and a collective dedication to diplomatic engagement.

I would like to begin by expressing my appreciation to Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General Shin for his comprehensive and timely briefing. The Republic of Korea also welcomes the participation of His Excellency Mr. Marko Đurić, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, and Her Excellency Ms. Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz, Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo, in this meeting. The 2023 Belgrade-Pristina agreement reached under European Union (EU) facilitation represented a positive step in normalizing relations between Kosovo and Serbia. Yet, persistent challenges continue to threaten progress. Despite these difficulties, we remain confident that sustainable normalization can only be achieved through political dialogue and negotiations within the EU-facilitated framework. The Secretary-General’s report (S/2025/634) outlines several long-standing regional concerns that continue to pose obstacles to peace and stability. We welcome the recent progress made on overcoming the eight-month stalemate in the Kosovo Assembly, while recognizing that institutional challenges and political tensions remain between Belgrade and Pristina, including during the period between last spring’s parliamentary elections and the lead-up to this month’s local elections. In this context, my delegation would like to make the following points. First, we continue to support the EU’s efforts to facilitate progress towards normalization. In this regard, we commend the efforts of Mr. Sørensen, the EU Special Representative for the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue, for his continued engagement with both sides and his contribution to encouraging the implementation of existing agreements. We also echo the Secretary-General’s message urging the two parties to recommit to EU-facilitated dialogue and to refrain from volatile rhetoric and unilateral actions. Only by addressing issues in good faith within the agreed framework can Kosovo move forward and leave behind the most painful aspects of its history. Secondly, during the reporting period, both sides undertook actions and rhetoric that risked further heightening tensions and undermining mutual trust. The Republic of Korea remains deeply concerned about any steps that may erode confidence, weaken the rule of law or deviate from the framework of the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue. We also emphasize the importance of accountability, restraint and respect for human rights as essential foundations for lasting peace and reconciliation. The issue of missing persons should likewise continue to receive priority attention, as it directly affects trust between communities. Thirdly, despite ongoing tensions, some positive developments have reinforced trust-building and cooperation. The Barabar Centre, a flagship programme Finally, we reiterate our strong support for the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) as it continues to engage constructively with both parties, while coordinating closely with the Kosovo Force, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo and other international partners. We highly value the commitment of these institutions to promoting peaceful coexistence in Kosovo. At the same time, we also recognize that a more streamlined division of roles could enhance overall effectiveness, as some of UNMIK’s initial functions have been assumed by other institutions. In conclusion, as this is the last scheduled Security Council meeting of the year, we reiterate our consistent position that the Republic of Korea supports the pursuit of political normalization through peaceful means. We remain hopeful that through dialogue, cooperation and a steadfast commitment to democracy and the rule of law, peace and stability will once again prevail in Kosovo, paving the way for a peaceful and prosperous future for all its communities.

I thank Deputy Special Representative Shin for his briefing and welcome Ministers Đurić and Gërvalla-Schwarz to today’s meeting, as well as the Head of the European Union delegation, Ambassador Lambrinidis. Let me also take this opportunity to thank Ms. Caroline Ziadeh for her work leading the mission in Kosovo for more than three and a half years. Denmark welcomes the peaceful, inclusive and competitive conduct of the first round of local elections held on 12 October. We are pleased to see all communities taking part in the elections, reflecting a spirit of inclusivity and democratic engagement. We call on both Serbia and Kosovo to increase their commitment to the European Union-facilitated dialogue. As the newly appointed Special Representative for the dialogue, Mr. Peter Sørensen, has stated very clearly: it is time to move forward. Substantial agreements are already in place through the dialogue. They must now be implemented. According to these agreements, Kosovo must establish the Association of Serb Majority Municipalities, and Serbia must refrain from opposing Kosovo’s membership in international organizations. Normalization of relations is in the interest of all people of Kosovo and Serbia. It would benefit regional peace, security and long-term stability. Progress requires restraint, mutual respect and political courage. Overcoming the current political stalemate in Kosovo is key to ensuring progress and reconciliation and building trust. In this respect, Denmark calls for full respect for constitutional processes, the ensuring of inclusive institutions and the preservation of a multi-ethnic character. We urge political leaders to be responsible in their rhetoric, recognizing the impact that their words can have. It is in their hands to lay the foundation for cooperation and common understanding between communities. Denmark is deeply concerned about the situation in northern Kosovo. We urge all actors to exercise restraint and refrain from unilateral actions that could escalate tensions or undermine stability. It is essential that the concerns of non-majority communities are effectively addressed, especially in relation to the closure of Serbia-run institutions delivering essential services. These issues should be resolved within the framework of the European Union-facilitated dialogue. We further call on the Government of Kosovo to intensify efforts for the return of Kosovo Serb judges, prosecutors and police officers to Kosovo institutions. We would also like to stress that Serbia needs to take all necessary measures to prosecute the perpetrators We commend the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo for its important work in enhancing trust and inter-ethnic dialogue in Kosovo. This is especially important with regard to the youth, who make up approximately half of the population. We also welcome the vital cooperation between the Mission, the United Nations Kosovo team and other international partners, including the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo and the Kosovo Force. It is the Council’s responsibility to ensure that mandates are regularly reviewed so that they reflect the realities on the ground. As the current mandate is from 1999, Denmark remains ready to discuss a possible strategic review of the Mission. Before concluding, let me reiterate Denmark’s long-standing and continued support for a peaceful, prosperous and multi-ethnic Kosovo. We fully support its European aspirations and its full integration into the international system.

I thank Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General Shin for his briefing. I also thank former Special Representative of the Secretary-General Caroline Ziadeh for her leadership of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and for her efforts to advance peace. We welcome the participation of His Excellency Mr. Marko Đurić, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, Her Excellency Ms. Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Diaspora of Kosovo, and His Excellency Mr. Stavros Lambrinidis, Head of the Delegation of the European Union, in today’s meeting. Guyana reiterates its support for UNMIK, as the Mission continues to play an important role in the promotion of security, stability and social cohesion in Kosovo. Additionally, it provides critical reporting that informs the Council of important developments on the ground. UNMIK’s continued engagement with stakeholders and their activities geared towards promoting social cohesion among Kosovo’s diverse population is commendable. Its trust-building agenda is especially vital to maintaining stability and finding a path to lasting peace. Since our last meeting on this agenda item (see S/PV.9894), Kosovo has faced significant political hurdles in its efforts to form a new government. We are encouraged by the recent breakthroughs with the election of the full Assembly leadership and call on all political leaders to work together towards the approval of a Cabinet that can capably represent all Kosovars. We commend the peaceful and orderly manner in which the municipal elections were held just over a week ago. We have noted the reports on the preliminary results and remain optimistic that the process will proceed in line with the rule of law and democratic principles. Kosovo’s path toward securing its statehood and European integration relies on its ability to demonstrate responsible and inclusive governance. In this regard, it is incumbent upon its political leaders to show a firm commitment to international law, including respect for the human rights of its entire population. We are concerned by actions taken by the authorities, including the closure of Serbian-run institutions, as highlighted in the Secretary-General’s report (S/2025/634). We share the assessment that these unilateral actions risk heightening tensions and undermining the progress made in recent years through the European Union-facilitated dialogue. Guyana urges the authorities in Kosovo to refrain from implementing policies that could have potentially negative impacts on the livelihoods of ethnic minorities or lead to a further deterioration of the tenuous relations between Belgrade and Pristina. We also call upon the Serb authorities to similarly avoid unilateral actions that may strain relations. In conclusion, Guyana reaffirms its support for an independent, democratic Kosovo. The peoples of both Kosovo and Serbia are deserving of the opportunity to pursue their prosperity in two peaceful, neighbourly States. With leaders committed to democratic ideals, the rule of law and the advancement of human rights, this future is possible.

I thank Deputy Special Representative Milbert Shin for his briefing. The ultimate goal of a peacekeeping mission should be to enable the conditions that obviate the need for the mission. The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) long ago helped bring about those conditions. There is no security crisis in Kosovo, and UNMIK no longer has a role in the governance of Kosovo. The time has come to draw down the Mission. We recognize UNMIK’s efforts to foster dialogue and legal reform in Kosovo. Those are helpful. But the reality is that UNMIK is a bloated peacekeeping mission without peacekeepers, with 81 per cent of the Mission’s budget funding staff salaries, working on functions that should be done by other organizations. It is time to begin the important work of transferring those functions away from UNMIK to the agencies better suited for the task, as we begin the process of gradually closing the Mission. The Mission is currently undergoing a staffing review, and we expect this process to be taken seriously as an opportunity to streamline the Mission, instead of recklessly justifying its existence. Wasteful spending damages the United Nations as a whole. As we have said time and again, the United States is committed to identifying and eliminating unnecessary, wasteful spending in the United Nations, in order to ensure relevance and maximum impact for the money spent. The United Nations must return to its original purpose of maintaining international peace and security and resolving conflicts. As a Council, we must support ending missions when they are no longer needed. The United States calls on fellow Council members to revisit UNMIK’s mandate so that we may wind down its operations. This transition is overdue. If we are steadfastly committed to the cause of peace, we must also ensure that the time and resources of the Council are spent efficiently, where they are most needed. These frequent, performative meetings on UNMIK are wasteful and diminish the important work the Council must do. This meeting is not advancing international peace and security; it is giving a political platform for some domestic audiences. These meetings damage the institution. The United States urges Kosovo and Serbia to work to lower tensions, refrain from escalatory measures and build peace and stability between them, with the ultimate goal of mutual recognition. These are the admirable goals that the United States supports. I urge all members to ensure our time and resources are spent on the most pressing matters. Let us get back to the basics of peace and security. There are many lessons learned from the 26 years of UNMIK’s existence in Kosovo — lessons learned for our dealings with Kosovo as well as for other situations, such as the one in Gaza. UNMIK was established after the conflict in Kosovo ended. Serbian forces and the Serbian civilian administration withdrew from Kosovo. As the name — United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo — suggests, the Security Council authorized UNMIK to govern Kosovo in an interim period. UNMIK was vested with all legislative and executive authority. Responsibilities were shared between the United Nations and regional organizations. Apart from its overall responsibilities, UNMIK was in charge of civilian administration, including law and order. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees took over the humanitarian part. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe worked on institution-building and democratization. The EU focused on economic development, civil society and normalization of relations. NATO was the security provider and led the process of disarming Kosovo Liberation Army fighters. Apologies for venturing into the history of UNMIK, but looking back at its early years, we can identify two key takeaways: first, how much the situation in Kosovo has progressed over the past 26 years — thus the need for UNMIK to adjust; and secondly, how UNMIK’s experience from the early years can be informative for reflection on the model for future interim governance and security in Gaza. First, regarding the progress in Kosovo, the overall security situation in Kosovo remains stable. We welcome the recent formation of the Kosovo Assembly, which we see as an important step in resolving institutional uncertainty. We are encouraged by the successful conduct of local elections with participation from Kosovo Serbs. This represents one of the crucial steps toward inclusive, citizen-oriented local governance, necessary for long-term stability. Equitable representation of non-majority communities in public institutions, especially the judiciary, police and local administration, is vital for building confidence in governance. Equal access to services, justice, education and social welfare is a cornerstone of stability. The Association/Community of Kosovo Serb Municipalities should be established to promote inclusion and empowerment. Accountability for violence, including the September 2023 Banjska attack, must be ensured with due process. Our messages are consistent, and we continue to call for mutual acceptance, strategic patience, dialogue and restraint from unilateral actions and harmful rhetoric. What we need is political will to fully and unconditionally implement the European Union-facilitated Brussels agreement and its Ohrid annex. A further spirit of compromise will be needed for long-term normalization of relations. Secondly, regarding UNMIK, reflecting on the past should inform us about the future. Many things have changed in Kosovo since the end of the conflict. Kosovo declared independence in 2008 and took control of its affairs, with a regular cycle of elections and functioning institutions. The European Union-led dialogue on the normalization of relations between Pristina and Belgrade has continued since 2011. Kosovo is now the primary security provider, with EULEX and NATO as backup forces. For many years now, UNMIK has not been implementing its initial mandate. We believe it may soon be the right moment for a thoughtful and realistic discussion, perhaps a strategic review, on the future of UNMIK’s engagement.

I thank Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General Milbert Shin for his briefing and for the work he and his team are doing in Kosovo. I would also like to thank former Special Representative Caroline Ziadeh for her leadership and service during her tenure. I welcome the participation of the Ministers of Serbia and Kosovo in today’s meeting, as well as that of the head of the European Union delegation. I will make three points. First, the United Kingdom remains a steadfast supporter of Kosovo’s democratic development and Euro-Atlantic path. As the first country to recognize Kosovo’s independence, we call upon those Member States who have not yet done so to join the majority. Recognition is essential for long-term stability and for unlocking Kosovo’s full potential. We encourage swift progress towards the formation of a Government in Kosovo with a clear parliamentary mandate, and we commend the smooth conduct of the recent municipal elections. We are concerned, however, by some recent statements that risk undermining fundamental State institutions, including the Constitutional Court. Strong and inclusive institutions are vital to advancing Kosovo’s international integration and delivering for all its citizens. Secondly, the return of Kosovo-Serb mayors to majority-Serb municipalities in northern Kosovo marks a welcome return to a fully representative local government. We encourage all sides to ensure this transition is carried out in full respect of the rule of law and to enable the reintegration of eligible Kosovo-Serb officials into Kosovo’s institutions. Two years on from the Banjska attack, the United Kingdom reiterates its call on Serbia to play its part in reducing tensions and bringing those responsible to justice, including Milan Radoičić. Accountability for this and the attacks on Kosovo Force troops earlier that year is long overdue. We continue to call on Kosovo and Serbia to resolve outstanding disagreements through the European Union-facilitated dialogue. Full implementation of all commitments made, including the establishment of an association of Serb-majority municipalities, is essential to building trust and ensuring long-term stability. We also welcome the constructive engagement of both parties in regional initiatives, including the Berlin process, which the United Kingdom chaired this year. This has helpfully reinforced good- neighbourly relations and shared commitments to stability. Thirdly, with growing pressure on United Nations budgets, resources must be directed where they deliver greatest impact, not tied to legacy missions with outdated mandates. As we have long said, conditions on the ground in Kosovo are unrecognizable compared to 1999. A strategic review of the role, responsibilities and funding of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) is overdue. The civilian staffing review must deliver real efficiencies through a genuine assessment of what is needed and what is not. In this year of UN80 reform, the Council should ensure that UNMIK is agile, efficient and fit for purpose in a world of constrained resources and global crises.

We acknowledge the presence of the delegations of Kosovo, Serbia and the European Union, which honour us with their participation today. We also thank the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Milbert Dongjoon Shin, for his detailed briefing. More broadly, we hope that the current difficulties in forming institutions can soon be overcome and that Kosovo will be able to form a fully functioning Government that will strengthen social cohesion, governance and public trust in institutions. In this context, we reiterate that this process must respect constitutional principles, reflect the diversity of the country and ensure that all communities, majority and non-majority, feel truly represented. We are also confident that the talks between Pristina and Belgrade can move forward with genuine commitment on both sides, making it possible to achieve concrete results for the benefit of the entire region. In that regard, Panama recognizes the important roles of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo and the European Union facilitation in the Belgrade-Pristina process, whose joint efforts have been essential to strengthening institutions, promoting reconciliation and directing the parties towards a possible normalization of their relations. In the same regard, we welcome the holding in 2025 of the first meeting of the Working Group on Missing Persons. The right to know the truth about the whereabouts of loved ones is an indispensable step in healing wounds and moving towards reconciliation. Panama reaffirms its conviction that dialogue and the inclusion of all people, without any kind of distinction, are crucial to forging a peaceful coexistence. In that spirit, Panama encourages all parties to continue to pursue understanding, cooperation and the search for solutions that guarantee the well-being, peace and stability of the region.

I thank Mr. Milbert Shin, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo, for his informative briefing. Sierra Leone welcomes the participation of Ministers for Foreign Affairs Đurić and Gërvalla-Schwarz and Ambassador Lambrinidis in this meeting. We take note of the Secretary-General’s report (S/2025/634), the quarterly reports on Kosovo Force activities and the report of the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. We commend the collective efforts of regional and international partners and the coordination among organizations, particularly in strengthening governance and advancing normalization between Belgrade and Pristina, with the shared objective of accelerating progress towards European Union (EU) integration. We thank the European Union Special Representative for the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue for facilitating two trilateral meetings in Brussels on 9 June and 11 September. We reiterate our call for the full implementation of the Ohrid and Brussels agreements and welcome the easing of restrictions aimed at building trust and sustaining dialogue. Sierra Leone wishes to make the following four points. First, we emphasize the critical role of political leadership in resolving the Kosovo question. We commend the progress made towards constituting the Assembly of Kosovo, including the election of its President and four of the five Deputy Presidents. We encourage completion of the process, including the election of the remaining Deputy President from the Kosovo Serb community. We take note of the earlier constitutional challenges, the outcome of the local elections of 12 October and the Secondly, as Kosovo charts its path forward, its institutions must be credible. We stress the need to preserve integrity and accountability, in particular within the justice sector and law enforcement institutions. We commend the contributions of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and the United Nations Development Programme in strengthening justice institutions. We acknowledge the continued work of the Specialist Chambers and the Specialist Prosecutor’s Office in ensuring accountability for war crimes and the important restorative efforts of the commission on missing persons. Transitional justice and reconciliation remain critical to healing divisions and fostering sustainable peace. We reiterate our call for swift and impartial investigations and, where needed, prosecutions concerning the 2023 incident. We remain concerned about reports of excessive use of force in northern Kosovo, including incidents with a gender dimension. Retaliatory measures only deepen divisions and must be avoided. We stress the importance of keeping policing free from politicization and ensuring that the Kosovo Police act in a manner that upholds accountability and fosters public confidence. Thirdly, we note with concern the continued lack of progress in establishing an association or community of Serb-majority municipalities. We call on Pristina to take immediate and tangible steps to address these challenges and on Belgrade to maintain its commitment to constructive engagement. We further caution against measures that jeopardize the social, economic and cultural rights of any community, particularly the continued closure of key institutions in the northern municipalities. Public services must remain accessible to all communities, and public institutions should integrate members of every community. We therefore reiterate our call for the meaningful inclusion of Kosovo Serbs and all minority groups in law enforcement, the judiciary and political decision-making processes. In this regard, we commend UNMIK’s continued efforts to promote intercommunity trust and to support the women and peace and security agenda and the youth, peace and security agenda. Fourthly and lastly, as the Western Balkans continue to seek lasting peace, regional stability depends on sustained dialogue, mutual trust and restraint by all parties. We underscore the need for parties to prioritize de-escalation, refrain from unilateral measures and re-engage in the EU-facilitated dialogue, aimed at normalizing relations between Belgrade and Pristina. In closing, let me reaffirm Sierra Leone’s support for UNMIK’s mandate and presence, while recognizing its important role in building confidence, promoting human rights and the rule of law, supporting progress towards normalization between Belgrade and Pristina, strengthening institutions and supporting long-term peace and stability in Kosovo and the wider region. We therefore join the Secretary- General in expressing deep appreciation to the former Special Representative, Caroline Ziadeh, and the entire UNMIK team for their contributions and unwavering support in fostering dialogue and trust-building in Kosovo.

At the outset, I would like to welcome the participation of Mr. Marko Đurić, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia. I would also like to thank Mr. Milbert Dongjoon Shin, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), for his valuable briefing, and Ms. Caroline Ziadeh for her tireless efforts while she was at the helm of UNMIK. We listened with interest to the statement made by Ms. Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz. We further note the progress made in the European Union-facilitated dialogue, aimed at implementing existing agreements between the two parties. The implementation of many such agreements, including the 2013 Brussels Agreement and the 2023 Ohrid agreement, continues to be impeded. At the same time, the concerns raised by the Serbian minority persist, particularly following the unilateral measures taken by the authorities in Kosovo such as the closure of financial institutions and institutions providing essential services to the Serbian community in Kosovo. In this regard, we would like to highlight the following points. First, Algeria stresses the need to preserve peace and security in Kosovo. Doing so remains essential to achieving the desired stability. Algeria calls on both parties to avert any escalation of tensions, including measures that could affect the social and economic situation of minority communities and, in turn, harm the current situation. Secondly, Algeria stresses the importance of genuinely engaging with the dialogue led by the European Union in order to foster mutual understanding, bring Belgrade and Pristina closer together and renew commitment to implementing the relevant agreements concluded. In this context, confidence-building among communities is vital to creating a climate conducive to dialogue. We therefore reiterate the need to take the necessary measures to establish the long-awaited association or group of Serb-majority municipalities. Equally important is the need to ensure sufficient representation of Kosovo Serbs and other minorities in local and judicial institutions. Thirdly, we encourage UNMIK to pursue its efforts to create conditions conducive to a peaceful life for all residents of Kosovo without exception, to enhance regional stability and to strengthen respect for human rights, the rule of law, equality and the empowerment of women and young people. In conclusion, Algeria reaffirms its unwavering commitment to supporting all efforts made in accordance with international law and resolution 1244 (1999) to secure a comprehensive and just solution for both parties.

I thank Deputy Special Representative Shin for his informative briefing. I also welcome the presence of the Ministers from Serbia and Kosovo in the Council and the participation of the Head of the Delegation of the European Union (EU) in today’s meeting. Greece expresses its appreciation to the former Special Representative of the Secretary-General and former Head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), Ms. Ziadeh, for her leadership and valuable contributions in fostering respect for the rule of law and peaceful coexistence among all communities in Kosovo. I wish to make the following points. First, Greece remains strongly committed to supporting the process of normalization of bilateral relations between Serbia and Kosovo within the framework of the European Union-facilitated dialogue. It is imperative that both sides expedite their re-engagement in a constructive manner, aiming for a comprehensive and legally binding normalization agreement that is beneficial to the entire region. Full respect for, and the implementation of, the Brussels and Ohrid agreements, without conditions, by both parties remain imperative to building trust and achieving progress in the dialogue. Greece reiterates its steadfast support for the dedicated efforts of the EU Special Representative for the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue, Peter Secondly, Greece welcomes the conclusion of the first round of municipal elections in Kosovo, conducted in a free, inclusive and peaceful manner, as well as the active and meaningful participation of all communities in the election process. We stress once more that the rights of the Kosovo-Serb community need to be fully respected and implemented, including the rights of unimpeded participation in local governance, law enforcement and the judiciary. In this context, we reiterate the need for restoring as soon as possible Kosovo Serb police officers, judges and prosecutors. The multi-ethnic character of Kosovo must be preserved. However, the situation in northern Kosovo remains fragile. We deplore the continuation of unilateral actions, especially the ongoing closure of Serb administrative structures, which are vital for the local population and have detrimental effects on the lives of Kosovo-Serbs. Greece reiterates that the establishment of the association/ community of Serb-majority municipalities, without preconditions, remains essential for the stability and prosperity of northern Kosovo and is an essential part of the agreements that must be fully respected and implemented. At the same time, the perpetrators of the Banjska attack of 2023 must be brought to justice with no further delay and in full compliance with the rule of law principle. Accountability is key in order to consolidate peaceful coexistence and reconciliation between communities. We repeat our call on all sides for the absolute respect of human rights and freedoms of all communities in Kosovo. Thirdly, UNMIK’s mandate is closely intertwined with resolution 1244 (1999), which provides the legal framework for a final political settlement between Serbia and Kosovo. In this context, Greece acknowledges the important role of UNMIK in promoting reconciliation in Kosovo and supports the continuation of its mandate, as necessary. UNMIK’s long-standing engagement since 1999 for preserving peace and stability in the region is unquestionable. We are open to discussing ways of enhancing the Mission’s efficiency, in accordance with resolution 1244 (1999) so that it continues to remain fit for purpose. UNMIK’s coordination with the Kosovo Force and the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo enhances trust-building among all communities and meaningful integration of the most vulnerable groups, including women and youth. We also reiterate the need for the unimpeded and secure return of refugees and displaced persons. Finally, avoiding divisive rhetoric and consolidating reconciliation mechanisms can reinstate trust and enhance peace, stability and prosperity in Kosovo and the wider region. Greece will continue to do its part in this regard.

I would like to thank the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Shin, for his briefing. I also welcome the presence among us of the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, Mr. Marko Đurić, and of Kosovo, Ms. Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz, as well as the presence of the representative of the European Union, Mr. Stavros Lambrinidis. France welcomes the holding of the first round of municipal elections in Kosovo on 12 October. The elections took place without incident and with the participation There is no alternative for either Serbia or Kosovo to normalizing their relations, which is key to their integration into the European Union. It is part of the framework of the dialogue facilitated by the European Union that an agreement can be reached that will definitively settle the disputes between the two countries. France will continue to support European mediation, in particular the work of the European Union Special Representative for the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue, Mr. Peter Sørensen. To achieve this normalization, both countries must respect the commitments made under the Brussels-Ohrid agreements. France therefore deplores the fact that the Kosovar Government’s continued closure of Serbian administrative structures in Kosovo is having a negative impact on the daily lives of the Serbian population in Kosovo. The status of these administrative structures must be resolved through the establishment of the association/community of Serb-majority municipalities, within the framework of European mediation. France also encourages the restoration of Serbs’ active participation in local governance, law enforcement and the judicial system in northern Kosovo. Similarly, it is unacceptable that the perpetrators of the Banjska attack are still at large, more than two years after the events. It is essential that those responsible be brought to justice and held accountable. Finally, France continues to support the efforts of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), in coordination with the Kosovo Force and the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. France supports all common-sense efforts to improve and streamline peacekeeping missions through efficiency measures, in accordance with their mandates. UNMIK’s mandate is intrinsically linked to the normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo. France is in favour of extending it for as long as necessary.

I thank the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo, Mr. Milbert Dongjoon Shin, for his briefing. I take this opportunity to commend the former Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Caroline Ziadeh, for her services to the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). I welcome the participation of Foreign Minister Marko Đurić of Serbia and the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Kosovo, Ms. Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz, to this meeting, as well as Ambassador Lambrinidis, Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations. At the outset, let me reaffirm my country’s earnest desire to see peace and stability prevail in the Balkans region. We support all earnest endeavours aimed at strengthening intercommunal bonding and trust-building. We welcome the recent holding of the inaugural session of the constituent Assembly of Kosovo and remain hopeful that the political process in Kosovo will continue to move forward with the early formation of the Government. We congratulate the Government of Kosovo and its people for the successful holding of local elections. My delegation is cognizant of the history of this region. We remain convinced that a sustained dialogue and the earnest and full implementation of commitments made under the 2013 Brussels Agreement and the 2023 Ohrid agreement can lead to lasting peace, stability and tranquillity. We appreciate the European Union’s Divisive rhetoric, hate speech and incidents of religious intolerance remain a matter of concern. All efforts must be made by the relevant parties to effectively curb such negative trends that give rise to communal tensions. In this context, we note with appreciation the efforts by UNMIK to foster dialogue and promote harmony and a spirit of coexistence among various communities in Kosovo. We are concerned by the lack of tangible progress to bring those responsible for the Ibar-Lepenac canal and the Banjska attack of 2023 to justice. We hope that the authorities from both sides will cooperate earnestly towards this end. Pakistan enjoys friendly relations with both Kosovo and Serbia and remains a steadfast supporter of stability and prosperity in that region. This, we believe, can be achieved by adhering to the principle of peaceful co-existence with mutual respect, recognizing each other’s sensitivities and earnestly abiding by the previous agreements.

I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of the Russian Federation. We are grateful to Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General Milbert Shin for his briefing on the situation in the region and for his insights. We welcome the participation of Serbian Foreign Minister Marko Đurić in the meeting. We listened to the opinion of Ms. Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz. The Secretary-General’s report (S/2025/634) clearly indicates that the crisis in Kosovo is significantly deepening. The main causes thereof remain unchanged. These are Pristina’s hateful policies towards the Serbian community and its fierce desire to establish total control over the north of the province, while acting with the connivance of a number of Western countries. This is largely why the situation around the Kosovo settlement has only deteriorated in recent years. Let me provide just a few examples from the reporting period. Pristina carried out a new wave of raids to eliminate Serbian entities in the region, usurping municipal enterprises, social service facilities and cultural and sports institutions. Kosovar security forces drive freely in armoured vehicles around the northern municipalities, committing acts of lawlessness and intimidating the local population. There are indications that preparations are under way to seize educational institutions and hospitals. The mass expulsion of Serbs from social housing in northern Kosovo has never ceased. As part of plans to expropriate Serbian churches and monasteries, there are attempts to create a separate Orthodox Church. The boundaries of the compact Serbian settlement in the north of the province have been eroded ever more quickly. It is the goal to encourage the ethnic expansion of Kosovo Albanians with a view to depriving the Serbian-populated municipality of its autonomy. Without the consent of the Serbs, two new crossings have been built across the Ibar River. The Pristina regime plans to officially declare Kosovo Serbs to be foreigners. As a result, people who have lived for centuries on their land, on which many generations of their ancestors are buried, will have to apply for temporary residence permits. In addition, it has been announced that Serbian licence plates on cars are to be replaced with plates bearing the symbols of the so-called Republic of Kosovo. Through such lawlessness, Pristina hopes to force Serbs to apply for local pseudo-citizenship. Moreover, there was an attempt, under false pretences, to bar the leading party of Kosovo Serbs — the Serb List — from participating in the municipal elections of 12 October. Notwithstanding the campaign by Pristina to taint the party, the Serb Speaking of internal political processes, we must mention that as a result of procedural violations, the position of deputy speaker of the so-called parliament of Kosovo went to a person who does not enjoy the support of the Serbian population but who is loyal to Albin Kurti and his entourage. There has been no progress in implementing Pristina’s key commitment, set out in writing and guaranteed by the European Union in 2013, which is to form a community of Serb-majority municipalities. Brussels continues to demonstrate to the whole world that it is incompetent in foreign policy matters. Neither is there any progress vis-à-vis the investigation into the beating of Mikhail Krasnoshchekov, an employee of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), on 28 May 2019, nor has any explanation been provided regarding the illegitimate designation as persona non grata of UNMIK official Andrey Antonov on 31 December 2021. However, instead of exerting pressure on Pristina to tackle the lawlessness, Western capitals continue to indulge their protégés in their intention to impose their terms when addressing the Kosovo issue, bypassing international law and ignoring the legitimate rights and interests of the Serbs living there. Pristina appears to have assistance in creating its own army. As is well-known, Albin Kurti  — if he remains in power  — intends to increase military spending, create a joint military unit with Albania, commission a munitions manufacturing plant, launch mass training of volunteer reservists and provide them with weapons, in case of mobilization. It goes without saying that such plans pose a real threat to security in the region. All of the above is happening in breach of resolution 1244 (1999), which is the foundation of the Kosovo settlement. In this regard, I would like to invite the members of the Council to carefully analyse this document so as to better understand how seriously its provisions are being violated. I am referring to, for example, the confirmation of Serbia’s sovereignty, the possibility to have temporary self- government bodies only within the framework of UNMIK and the deployment of the Kosovo Force, which is the intranational peacekeeping force and the only legitimate military formation in the territory of the province. Resolutions must be observed, and resolution 1244 (1999) is no exception. That is why we advocate Belgrade and Pristina reaching a sustainable, mutually acceptable solution, strictly within the framework of international law, on the basis of that document. Today, it is imperative that the international community maintain its focus on the Kosovo issue. This will help to prevent a new wave of escalation. That is why we are categorically opposed to reducing the frequency and changing the format of Council meetings on this matter, as well as to cutting the budgetary and staffing capacity of UNMIK. The Mission continues to perform the important task of promoting stability in the region under extremely difficult conditions. I now resume my functions as President of the Council. I now give the floor to Mr. Lambrinidis. Mr. Lambrinidis: I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the European Union (EU) and its member States. The candidate countries North The European Union remains fully and unequivocally committed to the EU membership perspective of the Western Balkans. We welcome the fact that Serbia and Kosovo remain engaged in the EU-facilitated dialogue, led by High Representative Kaja Kallas and supported by EU Special Representative Peter Sørensen. Progress on normalization of their relations, including the implementation of the 2023 agreement on the path to normalization and previous agreements reached in the dialogue, is among the essential conditions for the European path of both parties. The European Union remains deeply concerned about the situation in the northern part of Kosovo. Kosovo and Serbia must pursue sustained de-escalation efforts, in close cooperation with the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo, and refrain from unilateral and provocative actions that could lead to tension and violence and avoid divisive rhetoric. (spoke in French) The European Union wishes to welcome the first round of the pluralist municipal elections held on 12 October, which took place smoothly with the participation of all communities. We wish to underscore the full participation of Kosovo Serbs, without preconditions, in the four northern municipalities. We call for a smooth handover of power in these municipalities. (spoke in English) We also call for cooperation between municipal and central authorities that reflects the expectations of Kosovo Serbs, previous agreements and Kosovo law. In this context, we call on Kosovo to enable the reintegration of Kosovo Serb judges, prosecutors, police officers and other personnel into all the Kosovo institutions they left in 2022. The European Union expects Serbia to take all necessary measures to apprehend and urgently prosecute, based on substantive charges, the perpetrators of the 2023 attacks in the north of Kosovo. Serbia has taken insufficient action in this respect. We invite all members of the Kosovo Assembly belonging to the Serb community to participate in the work of the Assembly. We call on the Assembly and all political authorities in Kosovo to preserve the democratic and multi-ethnic character of Kosovo.

The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I now give the floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia.

In these polarized times, I want to acknowledge and welcome the almost universal agreement of the Members of the Council on the difficult position of the Serbian community in Kosovo. I think this sends a strong and powerful message to both Mr. Kurti, Mr. Sveçla and those in positions of power that their human rights violations and transgressions are not going unnoticed and that they should change their ways, without delay. I will briefly comment on some of the derogatory words that were levelled against the country I represent and the President of Serbia, Mr. Aleksandar Vučic, who was accused here of warmongering. President Vučic not only did not make any such statement at any time but has consistently called for economic cooperation through initiatives such as the Open Balkans, through which Serbia, Albania and North Macedonia created a single labour market. Unfortunately, Kurti’s Government refused any such initiative and continued its repression. Finally, if we are talking about the ethnic composition of the population in Kosovo and Metohija then and now, we should also clearly present the facts and say that in Kosovo and Metohija today comprises over 90 per cent Albanians. Moreover, Serbs have suffered in recent decades, being victims of crimes, forcefully expelled from their centuries-old ancestral homes and forced to leave their homes in significant numbers. To illustrate this, we remind the Council of the more than 200,000 internally displaced persons who reside in the Republic of Serbia, in our jurisdictions, without the opportunity and conditions to return to their homes. Instead of calling out Serbia on bogus charges, I believe that the authorities in Pristina should allow humanitarian workers like Mr. Milorad Arlov and others, who are being prevented from even entering the territory of Kosovo and Metohija, to perform their work. Speaking about international law, I also want to say that most of the members of the United Nations support Serbia’s territorial integrity and sovereignty over the entire territory, as we have been recognized by the United Nations. In fact, in the past decade, 27 countries have revoked recognition of the unilateral declaration of independence, and only three new countries have recognized the so-called independence. We are not interested in having this type of competition or this type of political quarrel and political fight, but we will always stand very firmly for our position, for resolution 1244 (1999), for our Constitution and for international public law. In addition, there was a misinterpretation of the meaning of the word metohija. Kosovo and Metohija, as we say, has deep historic meaning for the Serbian people. I have nothing but respect for the Albanian people, their tradition and their culture. In Serbian tradition and Serbian culture, the meaning of the word metohija — or metokhos, from the Greek — is monastery or church property. Indeed, as early as the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries, documents clearly record the use of the word metohija for church property in the western part of Kosovo and Metohija. This is not insulting or derogatory in any way, nor can it by any means be linked or attributed to Slobodan Milošević or any other former or current Serbian politician. It is a part of our identity and culture, just as Albanians call this region Dukagjin and have their own names for other parts of Kosovo. Finally, I want to end on a positive note. Serbs and Albanians are not destined to be enemies. Regardless of how difficult dialogue is, it is the only option. Dialogue will lead to trust, and dialogue will lead to a better future — one in which we could really see the economy of the region being at the forefront of European growth, which, unfortunately, is not the case at the moment.

Ms. Gërvalla-Schwarz has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I now give her the floor. Ms. Gërvalla-Schwarz: I believe we are all witness as to why this dialogue process is so difficult in the twenty-first century. It is because we still have to deal with people in Belgrade who deny war crimes and genocide and who celebrate war On the issue of Kosovo and Metohija — yes, it is an expression of hegemonic aspirations. The reason is because nobody in Kosova, when we speak about our northern neighbour, uses province names like Šumadija and Vojvodina or Belgrade and Šumadija. Instead, we call it by the name of Serbia, as everybody here does and as is done internationally. If one hears somebody talking about Kosovo and Metohija, believe me, that person is a fan and supporter of the old ideology of Slobodan Milošević. I will keep my comments brief because it would take a whole day to dismantle this kind of propaganda and lies. However, I want to stress that once again that Banjska was not an incident, but an act of open aggression of the State of Serbia against a neighbouring country — the Republic of Kosova. Impunity followed. The attack on our critical infrastructure in November was not an incident. It was a kinetic attack of Serbia against a neighbouring country — the Republic of Kosova. Everybody here and outside of this building knows exactly who stands behind all this. We have seen it all in the video footage from Banjska, but there have been no consequences. Yes, we bought drones, but not from a neighbouring country. We bought them from a NATO member — Türkiye. And we are purchasing weapons from our NATO allies and partners. And to be very honest, we are not neutral. We do not pretend to be neutral, because we stand side by side with our partners and our allies, and we do so in a very transparent and very clear way. Yes, NATO members train and advise our security forces and our army. We purchase weapons from them. We purchase weapons that are very much needed to protect our country and our citizens, and we make no secret of that. But we do not buy weapons from Russia, China, Iran and other countries like those, as our northern neighbour is doing. Health institutions are not being closed in the north. On the contrary, a serious dialogue with our citizens in these northern municipalities who belong to the Serbian minority is ongoing about how healthcare, education and infrastructure have to look in Kosova — for it is all about them, it is about what they need. It is about how they want to live their lives as citizens of Kosova. We do not want, and we do not need, ghettos for our Serbian citizens. We need integration, protection and support for them, and as a responsible Government, we are taking serious actions to secure that. That is why we are building bridges, roads, schools and hospitals, and not walls for our minorities. No one — not a single Kosovar institution and no international authorities or organizations — confirms most of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo report. What Marko Đurić said here does not surprise me at all. And those who were following what happened in Yugoslavia in the late 1980s will be reminded that it was exactly in this way, with this language, that Milošević prepared the four wars that he waged in the 1990s: against Slovenia, against Croatia, against Bosnia and against Kosova. Let me repeat my invitation to this body, the Security Council, to visit Kosova, to talk to citizens of Kosova in the northern, southern, western and eastern parts of our country. I invite Council members to come and to talk to whomever they wish. And I invite them to bear witness to the incredible story and the progress that Kosova has made, with the indispensable help and support of friends, partners and allies. Council members should visit Kosova, talk to whomever they wish, make up their own minds and bear witness to the incredible success story of international engagement.