S/PV.825 Security Council
THIRTEENTH YEAR 825
NEW YORK
Pa.ge
Les cotes des documents de l'Organisation des Nations Unies se composcnl de leitres majuscules et de chiffres. La simple mention d'un cote duns un lute signifie qu'il s'agit d'un document de l'Organisation.
The Q(Jcndll was adopted.
r
At the invitation of the President, Mr. Charles 1I1alik,
The interprelalion into French of the stalement made by Sir Piasm Dixon (United Kingdom) at the 824th meeting was given.
My delegation wishes at this juncture to make a brief sta.tement on the proh]r.m hefore us.
2, My delegation notes with regret that the League of Arab States has failed to reach any amicable settle- 2. Ma dBlegatlon note avec regret que la Ligue des Etab araDes n'a pas ete en mesure de regler al'amiable
Prhidcll! : H T. f. TSIA~G (Chine)
Pres}n{s : Le::; repr68C[ltant~ des puys suivunts Canada, Chine, Colombie, France, Ir~k, Japon, Pannmn, Suede, Unlr)ll des R~publiqlles soei!rlistes sovicitiques, RClyaume-T:ni flr. Gl'ande-Bretagne et d'Irlande dl1 Nord, Etnb-Un:s d'Ameriqlle.
Ol"nre du joUl' pJ",nigoiJ'~ (SjAgendajB25)
1. Adoption de l'ordrc tlu jonr.
2. Lettre, en datel:u 22 mai t9513, Udrc58CC UIl Presi- de.,.t du Cor.seil de securite par le representant du
LiJ~lll, conc~rnallt la question suivante : «Plainte du Lib"n t.on~l1flnt une situatbn CJl~ee par l'inter~ venom: de la Hcpublique arabe unie. dans Ies aflaircs interieures du Liban, et cant la p,olon- gation est msce~tible de men:lcer le maintien de la paix et de la secnritc intl.:rnationales» (S/4007).
Adoption de I'ortlre du jour
L'ordl'(, r!1I jO'lr esl adopte.
Letb'e, en dale du 22 mai. 1958, IIdress6e au President du Conseil de securite: par le rellresentant du Lihan, conoornnnt 10 que81ion 8uivanle : (( PlaiDle du Lihaa
tou~hilDl une eituatioD Cl..eee pm l'in[c·.l"Vention lIe la Republique aralle unie duns le& a£fllires interieures du Liban, et dont la prolongation est susceptible de menacer le maintitm de la palx et de la secut,he inte.ruationales» (5/4001, 5/4·022)
Sllr l'invi!attrJn du Pri.~iden[, M. Charles Jlaliie, reprc:>cnfun[ du Liben. cl M. Omur LOI1{f(, representant de la Ripublique ar'lbe unie, prennenl place ir. la table du Consei/.
1l ~st dQnlle leclllre de I'inlerprctalion en fran~ais de la de.::laralion Iaife par sir Pierson Di:ron (Roi/Gwne- Uni) a la 824e seance.
1. M. MATSUDAIRA (Japon) [traduil de ['anqlalsj Ma celcgation desire }:ll-esenter, dans :es circonstances oreBentes, une breve declaration sur le probMme qui
~ous est soumls.
4. Regarding the Swedish draft resolution [S/4022], my delegation is of the view that it is certainly a realistic approach to the problem. In view of the situation in Lebanon, my delegation will support that draft. We hope that it will serve the cause of international peace and security.
My delegation listened with keen attention yesterday afternoon when the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lebanon appealed to the Council to adopt measures to alleviate a situation which, he said, directly affected his country's independence and which had deteriorated in the last few hours [824th meeting].
6. As a small Power, my country cannot turn a deaf ear to an appeal of this kind, the more so because non-intervention is one of the fundamental principles of international law. Nevertheless, we take the view that the Council cannot at this stage of the discussion take a position which would imply the condemnation of one of the parties involved in the situation we are considering since, in justice, no person or State can .be condemned until the facts on which the charge is based have been fully proved.
7. From the beginning, therefore, we welcomed the suggestion made by the Swedish representative in his speech at the last meeting when he said that he was preparing a draft resolution contemplating the establish- ment by the Council of an observation group which would represent the United Nations on the spot and keep an impartial watch on events. Such a measure is unquestionably authorized by the tenus of Article 29 of the Charter.
8. During the Council's recess yesterday and in the course of this morning, my delegation was able to study the Swedish draft resolution, and I should like to offer our comments on it.
9. In operative paragraph 1, the Council would decide to dispatch urgently an observation group to proceed to Lebanon so as to ensure that there is no illegal infiltration of personnel or supply of arms or other materiel- we take it that this means war material- across the Lebanese borders. As I understand it, the proposal is to establish an observation group whose principal and perhaps only function would be, under
4. En ce qui concerne le projet de resolution de 1< Suede [S{4022], ma delegation estime qu'il permej certainement d'aborder le probleme de fal;on realiste Etant donne la situation au Liban, ma delegatior appuiera ce projet de resolution. Nous esperons qu'i servira la cause de la paix et de la securite interna· tionales.
5. M. ILLUECA (Panama) [traduit de l'espagnol] Ma delegation a ecoute avec un vii interet l'appei adresse au Consei! hier apres-midi par le Ministre del: affaires etrangeres du Liban ; M. Malik a demande au Conseil d'adopter des mesures qui permettent de reme- dier a une situation qui, selon lui, met directement en jeu l'indcpendance du Liban et s'ebit encore aggravee au cours des dernieres heures [824e seance].
6. En sa qualite de petite puissance, mon pays ne peut demeurer insensible a une telle requete, d'autant plus que le principe de la non-intervention est l'une des regles fondamentales du droit international. Cepen- dant, nous estimons qu'en aucun cas le Conseil ne doit adopter, au stade actnel des debats, une attitude qui impliquerait la condamnation de l'une Oll l'autre des parties me-ICes a la situation dont nous sommes saisis ; en efIet, la justice la plus stricte commande de ne condamner une personne ou un Etat que lorsque 1'on a pleinement verifle la porlee des faits reproches.
7. C'est pourquoi, lorsque le representant de la Suede a annonc6 dans l'intervention qu'il a faite a la seance precedente qu'il preparait un projet de resolution pre- voyant la creation par le Conseil d'un groupe d'obser- vateurs qui se rendrait sur place en qualite de repre- sentant de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour sur- veiller de fa<;on impartiale les activites qui peuvent s'y derouler, notre delegution a immediatement trouve cette suggestion tres judicieuse. Dne telIe mesure est sans aucun doute autorisee par l'article 29 de la Charte.
S. I-lier, pendant la suspension de seance, et ce matin encore, ma delegation a pu etudier les termes du projet de resolution de la Suede, et eUe croit devoir formulcr quelques observations a son sujet.
9. Par le paragraphe premier du dispositif, le Conseil deciderait d'envoyer d'urgence un groupe d'observation au Liban de fa<;on afaire en sorie qu'ancune infiltration illegale de personnel ni aucun envoi illegal d'armes ou d'autre matcrlel- je suppose qu'il s'agit de materiel de guerre - n'aient lieu a travel'S les fronW~res liiJa~ naises. Si je comprends bien, il s'agit d'un groupe d'observateurs dont la tache principale, et peut-etre
10. In my delegation's view, such an observation group would not have the ::l\lthority to undertake ,lu inquiry into caUSes and pa5t incidents to find out whether such infiltration has already :aken place. This is the essential distinrtion bdween an observation com:nittee and a committee of investigation. An Dbservation com:nittee is concerned with. the observa- tion of future events. An investigatir-g committee. on the other hand, is COJ.cerneu wiLlI discovering the truth about what has happened.
11. It ne s'agit Mdemment pas, dans le cas present, cl'un orgHnisrne q,li entreprendrait d'enquHer all sens de l' Article 30b de la Chalte, seule disposition, semble~ t-il, qui autonse le CODseil de sfcurite it enquetcr, par llli-rneme ou par l'intetmediaire d'un organe subsidiaire cr~e a eeL dId. sur tout diffcrcnd ou to'Jl.e situation qui ponrrait entralner un desaccord entre r:ations ou engendrer un diflerend, uJl]] de detel':ni- rer si la prcolongatiorl de cc dUrerend ou de cette situation semble devoir menacer le maintien de]a paix et de la seeurite intemationales,
11. Clearly, in tlte present cnse, it is not the intention to create an instrument Lo c<lrry out an invtstiglltion in 2ccordance with Article 34 of th~ Charter, which appears to be the only provision nnder which the Secl1rity Council. on its own account or by tlle creation '<)f a subsidiary instr"J.ment, can investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international fridion or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.
12. My delegation considers that the observation group referred to in the draft resolution under considera- tion should be similar in character to the Peace Observa- tion Commission, established by the "Uniting-for- pear,e " resolution approved by the General Assembly on 3 November 1950 [resolution 377 A (V)}; this Commi.\sion was given the task of observing and reporting on the situation in any areil where there existed a dllngerolls state of international tension.
12, La deler,raLion du Panama estime plutl'Jt que les pouvoirs qu'i: faudrait cloaner au groupe d'obscrvatioH prevu par le projet de resolution s'apparentent acellX'. qui ont ete Etcconles a la Commission cl'observatiou pour la puix, crcce it la suite de l'fldop1:ion pm I'Assem- bIee gencrale, le 3 llOvembre 1850, de la resolution intitulee « L'union pour le maintien de la paix)) [re~olu lion 371 A (V)]; cette eornmission avail ete chargee d'observer la situation dans toute rcg:uil (,lll il existait un (hat de ten~ion internationule, et de hire rapport a ce sttjet.
13. n s'agit done e:t fait de s1lI'veiller lIllt region Oil it P€ut exister un etut de tensi,or. illternationale et de faire rapPOlt a ce sujet. La deflnition adoptee par t'Assemhlee tlenpT:'l.le Ion; de l'etablissemenL dc la Com- mis!tion d'observ'ltion pour la paix montre cl~il'ement que le premier principe a observer dans le cas d'un groupe d'observation est que ce grOllre ne reut j"lger de ce qui s'est passe ant6rieuremcnt iI sa constitution. CeIa donnerait teu, en effct, a des accwmtions et d~s eontre-accusations qlli ne ferai~.nt qu'approiondir les rlivr,rgences. Teln'est pas, nous lesavons bien, le moyen de regler une controverse intenHrtiona[e. Il est clair que le ptojet de resolntion dll representant de la Suede a pour bilt d'ameliorer la situation existant entre le Liban et la .!1cpubliquc al"abe Uuie, cl!'lIX pays freres; it ne serait donc ;Jas opportun de vouloir enqucter sur (Jes situatiolls qui, bien qtle recllcs peut-etre, pourraient cornpromettre une tentative d'acwrd ou de rapproche- ment entre les parties.
13. I lake it, therefore, that it is a question of observing conditi<:lns in an area in which thert may be international tension, and reporting on tile situation. It is clear from the terms of refereme, auuptcd by the Ge:leral Assembly for the Peuce Observation Com- mission that, when an observation group is formed, the predominant consirlpration must be to ensure that it is not empowe-:-ed to inquire into events prior to its constit.ltion. To give it such powe~s would create a sit'lation which would lead to charges and connter- charges, tIns widening th~ area of disagreement. We all kn:JW that an international dispute cannot be settled in this way. It is c!e:lr that tile purpose of tlte Swedish draft resolution is to help to improve re13tions between Lebanon and the United Arab Repuhlic, two si),iter nations. In these circumstances it would be unwise to undertake any inquiry into situations which, however well authenticated, might impede efforts 1:0 bring about a settlement or a rapprochement of ~he parties.
14. Le groupe d'obselVation permettra sans aUCUll doule d'amcliorer les relations entre le Liban et la Republiquc ara6e Unie, car sa presence Sur les Jieux des evenelT.ent~ incitera l~ deu.x parties a moaerer leurs actes.
14. There is no doubt that such an observation group will brill~ about an improycment in the pre!lfmt: rela- tions between Lebanon and the United Arab Republic sinCe its presence on the scene of evenbl will have a moderating influence on the actions of both parties.
10. :LI'1a delegation ne croi: pas que cc gl'oupe d'obst:r- vatiOll ptltSSC e,tre hnbiJite u entreprencre Ime elCJllde sur les faits [aSSeS et leurs causes alin de determiner si des infi]traLions se Bont produites ces temps derniers. C'est en eela precisement qu'une commission d'obser- vation difTere d',we commission d'enqll~te, L'UlIt:, la commissioll d'observation, s'eflorce {\'observer les faits a venir; l'autre. la commission d'enquete, nl>il chercher a dherllliner (:(; qui a efl'ectivement w reu dans le passe.
16. My delegatiol} wishes, however, to make it dear that it is voting for the establishment of an observation group as provided in the Swedish draft resolution, on the understanding that it is an observation mission in the sense I have used the term nnd that it will 1I0t inquire into or pnss judgement On past events or situations, for such ::lrtion might well aggravate relations betw['.en the two countries concerned and my delcgntion is anxious to llelp 10 find an efl'ective formula for the maintenance of peace and security in the Middle E::lsL Wc hope that the Swedish draft resolution will be accepted by both parties and will be supported by all the members of this Council, including the permanent members with the righl of veto.
My delegation associates itself with tlte statement made at this meeting by the Japanese .representative, whose thinlting and position on the question before us coincides with our own. We shall, therefore, refrllin from making a long statement which would lack the precision and clarity which distinguishe.d Mr. Matsudaira's remarks. I need ollly say thnt we shall vote in favour of the draft resolution sllbmitted by the Swedish representative.
I wi~h to join with other members of tlle Security Council who have urged the .adoption of the draft resolution introduced at the 824th meeting by the representative of Sweden. Tl1e situation which we sce unfolding in LebUllOll is ,me which requires prompt <lction and, in our view, the measures contained in the Swedish draft constitute a constructive approach to that situation,
19. The primary aim of the draft resolution bt'fore us is to provide United Nations machinery for dcaling with acts of illegal infiltration of personnel and supply of arms which are, unfOliunately, contributing to tlle slate of unrest in Lebanon and are clear evidence of interference frOm outside the tountry.
20. The Foreign Minister of Lebanon has spaken in detail and in deeply anxious tones about the disturbances in his country. There are significant indications that the tensio fiS within Lebanon are increasing and, of course, the most dangerous element is the spread of armed rebellion.
21. Lebanon has appealed to tlle Council for assistance in this hour of national trial, and it is clearly the
16. Ma delegation tient toutefois a souligner que s elle appuie de son vote la creation du groupe d'obser vation mentionne dans le projet de resolution present, par la Suede, c'est en supposant que la tache de cett mission d'observation repondra aux prindpes que j, viens d'exprimer, c'esh\-dire que les observatellfs n, devrGnt pas entreprendre d'enquete ni prononcer d' jugelhent sur des faits all des situations passes. Un lelle attitude contribuerait peut-Hre a aggravel' I: situation entre Ies deux PIlYs en cause, alors que m: dClcgation tient a faciliter l'tl.aboration d'une formlll
effic~ce pOUf le nlaintien de la paix et de III seeUlit au Moyen-Orienl. Nous esperons que le projet de reso lution present~ par la Suede rencontrera l'agrement. de deux parties et obticlldra les voix de tous les membre du Conseil, y compris les membres permanents qu disposent du droit de veto.
17. M. ARAUJO (Colombie) llraduit de l'espaqnolj La delegation de la Colombie s'associe aux parole prolloncees a la presente seance par le representun du Japon, qui cofncident absolument avec la pense, et I'attilude de la Colombie dans J'alTaire qui nou preoccllpe. C'est pourquoi je m'abstiendrai de faire Ull' longul'. declaration qui n'aurait ni III precision ni I: clane des observations de M. Matsudaira. J'ajoutera simplement que ma deh~gation votera en faveur dl projet de resolution presente par le representant d, la Suedc.
18. M. RITCHIE (Canada) [lraduil de I'M{flais] Je tiens a m'associer aux declarations des mClllbres dl Conseil qui ont preconise I'adoption du projet de reso lution presente a la 824e seance par le represent<lll de la Suede. Les evenements que nOllS VOyOIlS se deroulc au Liban exigent une action rapide et, a notre avis les mesures recommandees dans le projet suedoi~ representent une contribution positive a la solutiol du probleme.
19. Le but essentiel du projet de resolution qui nou est soumis est la crealion d'un organe des Nations Unie permettant de faire face a l'infiltration illegale d, personnes et a l'envai illegal d'armes, actes qui, lUal heureusement, aggravent les troubles au Lihan c sont la preuve evidente d'une intervention exterieurc
20, Le Ministre des afiaires etrangeres du Liban ~ parIe longucment, et f1vec une profonde inquietude des troubles en cours dans son pays. 11 y a tout liel de penscr que la tension s'aceroft au Liban, et I'elemen le plus dangereux est sans nul doute I'extension de l~ rebellion urmee.
21. Le Liban a demamle au Conseil de securite d, l'aider en ('cUe heure d'epreuve notionale, et il ~st dai
tllCSC appeals for help, aod we consider it axiomatic that its response should be particularly sumpnthetic towards appeals from the smaller countries, whicll must, indeed, rely largely on the United Nations for their continued existence in independence !'Inll. peO-cc.
23, It is also a basic tenet of Canada's policy at the United Nations to concentrate on efforts to fmd effective and practical solutions. This is how I now regard the draft resolution which tlle Swedish representative has submitted to the Council, We earnestly bope that all members, having had timc to reflect on this proposal, will have reached the same conclusion.
24. In the circumstances in which we Illeet today, it strikes my delegation that the Swedish draft is both wise and statesmanlikc and that it is fully within the scope of the Security Council's responsibility in a matter of this kind. It is our hope that action of the kind proposed can be t:'lkcn swiftly and efficiently fInd that, if so, it will help to avert the spreading disorder in Lebanon which, in our view, might have dangerous implications not only for that country, but for tIle area as a whole. Wc welcome the paragraph in the Swedish draft resolution which would give to the Secrctary-Gencro.l an opportunity and the nccessary nexihility to make a contribution to the solution of thi!; problem,
25. I-laving sl'lid all this, however, I do not mean to suggest tllat tlte Stales concerned are in any way absolved from pursuing their efforts to work out their dil1erences, either by cOlltacts through other channels or by unilateral action of a conciliatory nature. The provisions of the Charter are quite clear about the responsibility of Members to seek peaceful solutions by various means. In our view, the fact that the Security Council has become seized of this question does not change that responsibility, Indeed, I need hardly say that, without the fullest co-operation from the partics, the Council's response to Lebanon's appeal for assistance can hardly be elIective. The representative of Sweden made this point at the time when he submitted his draft resolution. The pattern of past evenh in various bodies of the United Nations, but particularly in this Council, fully illustrates what I have said in this connexion.
~ng~r.ence etrll.ngere quelconqlle dnns lean aITaircR
lllteTleUr~s, Nous parlageons cntieremcllt les vueI' de
celJ~ qUI, soutitmnenl que I'Orgnnisnlion des Natjnlls
Um~s dOlt etre prcte a cntendre ecs appcls u. l'aith',
e~ c est pour nous un principe bien etahli ClIW ectLl' repol1Se devrait clre particulieremeut favorabll'. IOl'sqlH' ces appels ~mancnt de petits pays, qui, dmls une lRrgt' mesure, dOlvent compter sur lcs Nations tlnies pour
co~tinuer cl'exister dans I'inciependance et dans la palx.
23: . Un autre prindpe fondamcntal de la IJolitiqllt; SlilVle par le Canada a l'Organisation des Nation,~ Unies a consistc a rechercher avant tout dcs solu lions cfficaces et pmtiques, C'est dans cet esprit que nOll~ considerons maintcnant le projet de resoIu hOIl rrl~Ren Ll: au COllseil par le representant de la Suede. NIll.1S ('sp~ rollS sincerement que taus les membres, nynnt t!t1 k temps d'etudier cette proposition, sonL p:Jrvclllls a la meme conclusion. 24. Ma delegation estime que, etllnt donne les condi· tions actuelles, le projet de resolution suedois csL a la fois empreint de sagesse et de diplomatic et qu'it ne sort pas du cadre des responsabilites du Conseil de securite dans une telle question. Nous espcl"ons qu'une action du type de relle qui est proposee pourra (,tre entreprise rapidement et efficacement et que, s'il en est ainsi, elle permetttfl d'e-viter que ne s'etendent au Liban des troubles qui, a notre avis, pourraicnt avoir des consequences graves, nOli seulemcnl pour re pays, mais pour cctte region tout entiere. NO\ls sommes heureux de constater que le projet de rcsolulion slledois contient un alinea dont les termes ofIreut :.111 Secret<tire general la possibilitc de contribucr a In solution de cc probJCme - ainsi que la liberte <i'action
neces~aire dans Cl' but. 25, En disant cela, je nc veux nullement UOlllH']' it penser que les Elats inl:cresse~ sont dispCI,lS~S de pour- suivre leurs efforts en vue de rcgler leurs (hITe.rends, que Cl' soit par des contacts etablis par cl'autrcs voics nu par une action unilaterale visant a l~ conciliation: ~~e!\ dispositions de la Charte sont p.a:rf~ltement cxphcltes en cc qui concerne la responsablhte ell'S ,Membrcs~lrs Nations Unies quant a la recherche dune SOllllwll pacifique par divers moyells. A notre aviH, le fail tlue le Conseil de securite soit saisi de cctte question lIe modifie pas Cl'S responsabiUtes. A la :critc, j;- n'ai guere besoin d'ajoutcr que, san.s la pleule C-OOPl:- ration des parties interessees, III reponse du Conse.11 a la demande d'aide formulec par le Lillan nc su unlit donner de resultab; positiIs. Le rep,rtscn,t:J.nt de .Ia Suede a souligne re fait quando il a presen~e son proJct de resolution. L'histoire des debats des d:vers orga~I~3 des Nations Ullics, et notam:nen~du Con~eI1 de s~curlt~, illustre parlaitement ce que Je vlens de dlTe n cel cgurd.
27. We believe that it is in the interests of the coun- tries in the area involved, indeed in the real interests of all the Members of the United Nations without exception, that this issue should be settled speedily and by peaceful means. We mllst never forget the grave danger in the world of today that a situation which develops in one part of the world may become so inf1nmed that it might threaten international peace and security. 28. The PRESIDENT; Since all other members of the Council have spoken, I now wish to speak as the representative of CHINA.
29. I had prepared a statement for the debate on the question under discussion, but I have decided not to give it. I have two reasons for this decision. First, it appears to me that at this juncture even the best of st£ltements cannot do as much good as a good deed. We have the opportunity of doing a good deed by adopting the Swedish draft resolution. Secondly, I feel that the long: discussion in the Council up to the present moment has served to clarify the nature of the crisis in Lebanon. The Foreign Minister of Lebanon has presented to the Council sufficient evidence of a trustworthy character to convince me that his c(juntry has indeed been the victim of foreign intervention in its dome.Stic aITairs. Without that foreign intervention, the domestic difficulties of Lebanon would not have assumed the present form or the present degree of gravity.
30. The representative of Iraq, in his remarkable speech last nigl1t [824th meeting], threw further light on the events in Lebanon. Mr. Jamali did more than that. He analysed for the Council the larger meaning o[ the foreign intervention of which Lebanon is a victim. That speech, in my judgement, deserves the close attention, not only of this Council, but also of all people interested in the cause of peace and freedom.
31. My delegation supports tlle Swedish draft. resolu- tion and will naturally vote for it. I regard this draft as the minimum which the Security Council can do in the discharge of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of peace and security in the world.
33. Le representant des Etats-Unis a aplJuye la these du Ltban lOans produire de preuves et sans nous expli- quer les motifs de son attitude. Malheueusement, les Etats-Unis avalent adopte ceUe position av.ant II'.l!me la discussion de la question au Conseil de securite, c.omme cela r€sulte des declarations de responsables du g::JUvemement de ce pays. Ceh est d'autant plus regrettH hi", qu f' le depM du proj et de resolution de la Suede - projet qui ne prejuge pns la £;uestion et que les Etats-Unis ant declare ~tre disposes a appuyer - aurait dll inciter le Gouvernement des Etllts-Unis a ne pas prencrc en cc moment cette position n~tte Sill' cette question.
33. The United States representative supported the Leb,lOese case without putting forward any evidence and without explaining the reasons for his attitude. Unfortunately, the United States t.oak this position before the matter was even discussed in the Security COLLncil, as is cLear from the statements of leading ofEcials of the United States Governml"_nt. It is regrettable that it did so, the more $0 as thcsubmissloll of the Swedish draft resolution - which does not prejudge the issue and which the United States stated that it was prepared to support - should have encour- aged the United States Government not to take so definite fl position on the question at Ulis stage.
34. I never hoped to be able to persuade the United Kingdom representative of the ments of our case; his position in this dispute was decided long ago. But I was somewhat surprised by the yehemence of the statement he made at the last meeting; he seems to be afraid that we are going to attack Lebanon. It is net wc who commit aggression in the Middle East. There is no need for me to remind you of what the United Kingdom Government did in bis part of tlle world a little over a year ago. The records of the Security Council and of the General Assembly are available for consultation on that point.
34. Je n'ai ja:nais espere convaincre dLl bienRfoncte de notre thC3C le r<3presentant du Royaume~Uni : il y a bien longtemps qu'il avait pris position dans Cl'. conflit. Mais rai Cte un peu surpris de la violence du discours qu'il a pronance ala seance precedente : le representant du Royaume-Uni semble. craindre que noi.l.S n'nJioos attaquer le Liban. Ce n'est pas nous qui comme:Jons des agressions dans le Moyen~Orient. le n'ai pas besoin dc rappeler le comportement du Gouvernement britan- nique, il y a a peine u ne annee et quclqu~s mois, dans cctte paTtie du mande, Les proces-verbaux du Conseil de securite et de l'AssembIee genetale sont pertinents a ce !mjet.
35. La delegation du Royuume-Uni u simplement appuyc les allegations du Ministre dcs affaires etran- ge.ri>_<; du Liban, sans apporter d'eIemenls nouveaux dans l'al1aire. C'est pourquoi, a cette phase du Q(~bat, je n'estime pas necessnire de repliquer au repre;sentant du Royaume-Uni all sujet des questions de faits que j'ai traitccs longuement a la sen'!r.!'. precedcnte. Toutefois, j'ai une remarque a fnire. J'espere que Cl'tte prise de position, qui prejuge la question, n'a pas pour but d'iniluencer le jugement du groupe d'observation dont le represeulallt de la Suede propose la c.reation dans son projet de resolution. HeureuSel1leIlt, la majorite des membres du Conseil de securite qui ont pris la parole, notamment fiujQurd'!1ui, n'ont pas prejuge la question.
35. TIle United Kingdom delegatioll merely eadorscd the allegations of the Foreign Minister of Lebanon and added noLhing new to thc discussion. In the cir- cumstances it would seem unnecessary at this stage of the discussion for me to reply to the United Kingdom representative on the questions of fact with which I dealt at Length at the previous meeting. I have, however, one comment to make. I hope that this prejudgement of the issue is 110t intellded to inGuence -the judgement of the observation group the e~tablish ment of which is proposed in the Swedis:t representa- t:ve's draft rcsolutiorl. Happily, the majority of the members of the Security Council who :1ave spoken, particularly tho~e w-w have s;:JOlcen today. 11l.'lVC not prejudged the issue ill this way.
36. Encore une remarque. Je me demande si je dois prendre au serieux. le discDurs de M. Jamali. II est etonnant de voir un membre du COllst;il de securitc qui represente une region d:.t mO:lde prendre cette attitudE, au lieu de fa~re des propositions constructives comme celles qui ont ete iorITln]ees id par ccrtaine!l delegations. Mais rien ne me surprend de la part de M. Jamali. Heureusement qn'j] est difficile de le prendre. all scjeux I le ne daigtle pas repliqLler aux injures, 11 est tres facile d'insulter ; je peuJ( l'l1l3si le faire ; mais il est plus dim~ cile d'etre ob~ectifet de respecter le Conseil de securite, oil M. Jarnali a l'honneur de sieger. Son discours, plein d'inexactitudes flagrantes et d'allegatbns mensongeres, n'a meme presquc pas touche au sl,jet qne nous discu- tons, a savoir la plainte Libanaise. La Republique arabe unic n'a pas de legon a recevoir de M. Jamali. L:l Republique arabe unie a nue politique. Elle sait Cl'.
30. I have onc furtr.er remark to make: 1 womlerwhe- ther I should take Mr. .Tamali's statcment seriously. It is astonishing that a ~ember of the Secnrity Cou:J.cil representing a region of the world should take a position of this kind instead of making constructive proposals similar to those made by certain other del~gRtions. But rrothing that Mr, Jamali does surprises me; fortu- nately, it is difftcult to take him seriously. I shall not deign to answer the insults: it is very ca~yto be tnwlt- ing. I could be insulting my~df, bul it is marc difllcult to be objective and to respect the Security Council, of whicll Mr. lamali has ;he honour of being a member. His speech was full of patent inaccuracies and untruth- ful allegations and barcly touclled on the questioll before us, the Lebanese complaint. The United Arab Republic has nothing to learn from Mr. JamaH. The lhJitFrl Ar:<.h Republic has fl policy. It knows what it
37. Mr, JAMALI (Iraq): What I stated yesterday [8241h meeting] was an honest point of view about the situation. I say again what I said last llight: we harbour all good-will, all friendship for every Arab country. All we want is that there should be no interference in our affairs and that no Arab State should undertake to undermine our independence.
38. When I spoke last night about what Nasserism is doing, I said that I had material proofs to back up what I said; I did not speak in an offhand manner. I know that I am living day and night in an atmosphere where there is propaganda at night and machinations in the day-time; these things are going on in the Arab world.
39. We want the words spoken by Mr. Loutfi to take on real meaning. Let them stop the radio attacks; let him tell me that as of last night the radio stopped broadcasting attacks on Iraq. Can he assure the Council about that? If he does that, I will be must happy. Let them stop their agents from activating the whole opposition and all the mobs and demagogy all over the Arab world.
40. Yesterday I received the magazine which I am holding in my hand; it is a magazine which I should like every member of the Security Council to see. It is called The Arab Public. I shall read to you only the headlines of this magazine. (By the way, it is edited and published in Syria.)
41. The headline of the first article reads: "Chamoun, the spy of the English Intelligence Service - Victory for the masses of the Arabs in Lebanon". T]le second article: " In Arab politics, a cabinet of thieves, agitators and traitors, a cabinet formed by Prince Faisal of Saudi Arabia ". The third article: "The city of Alcppo takes part actively in doing its duty in supporting the masses in Lebanon in their struggle against the Govern- ment ". The fourth article: "The first message from Lebanon explains the situation as it is. Camille Cha- moun has deceived General Chehab and the Moslems do not want him to become Prime Minister". Then it continues: "Americans, hands off Lebanonl" The fiftIl article reads: "The revolution of freedom in the face of injustice and dictatorship - Camille Chamoun: ill luck, earthquakes, mortars, fires - All that took place in the regime of tIle criminal Chamoun since he took powers ". After that it says: "The rulers of Iraq are base slaves who sold themselves to imperialism. "
42. As we can see, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Iraq are all included, one after the other. This is a magazine that comes out in a sister Arab State.
43. The representative of the United Arab Hepublic does not want to take me seriously. Let him not take me seriously, but the facts are there. The peace of the world and its security are being threatened, and he
37. M. JAMALI (Irak) [tradait de l'anglais] : Ce que j'ai dit hier I824B seance] ctait l'expose honnete de man point de vue sur la situation. Je repete ce que j'ai dit hier soil' : nous sommes pleins de bonne volonte et de sentiments d'amitie al'egard de tous les pays arabes. Tout ce que nous voulons, c'est qu'il n'y ait pas d'inter- vention dans nos affaires et qu'aucun Etat arabe ne cherche it saper notre independance.
38. Lorsque j'ai parte hier soil' de ce que fait le nasse- risme, j'ai dit que j'avais des preuves materieIles pour appllyer mes paroles; je n'ai pas parle a la legere. Je sais que je vis nuit et jour dans nne atmosphere Ot'! la propagande, la nuit, fait suite aux machinations du jour; c'est ainsi que vont les choses dans le mondearabe.
39. NoilS voulons que les paroles de M. Loutfi se traduisent par des aetes. Qu'ils mettent fin a lem campagne d'attaques radiodiffusees. Que M. Loutfi me dise que la nuit derniere la radio a cesse ses attaqlles contre l'Irak. M. LoutH peut-il en donner l'assllrance au Conseil ? S'ille fait, j'en serai extr~mement heureux. Qn'ils mettent un terme aux activites de leurs agents qui encouragent toute l'opposition, agitent les foules et font de la demagogie dans tout le monde arabe.
40. J'ai re9u hier la revue que rai entre les mains; c'est nne revue que j'aimerais montrer a tous les membres du Conseil. Elle s'intitule : «Le Public arabe ». Je vous lirai seulement les titres de cette publication (eIle est redigce et publiee en Syrie).
41. Le premier article s'intitule : (( Chamoun, l'espion des services de renseignements anglais - Victoire pour les masses arabes au Liban )). Le second article: l( Dans la politique arabe, un cabinet de voleurs, d'agitateurs et de traitres, un cabinet forme par le prince Faisal d'Arabie Saoudite ». Le troisieme article : «( La ville d'Alep fait son devoir et participe activement a l'action des masses libanaises dans leur lutte contre le gonver- nement ». Le quatrieme article dit : ~ Le premier message reyu du Liban explique la situation veritable. Camille Chamoun a trompe le general Chehab, et les musulmans ne veulent pas de lui comme Premier Ministre. » 11 continue ensuite ; 11 Americains, ne touchez pas au Liban I )) Le cinquieme article dit : «La revolu- tion de la liberte contre !'injustice et la dictature. - Camille Chamoun: mauvais sort, tremblements de tene, mortiers, incendies - tel est le bHan du regime du criminel Chamoun )). Il dit ensuite : «( Les dirigeants de l'lrak sont de vils esclaves qui se sont vendus a I'imperialisme. »
42. Comme vous le voyez, le Liban, l'Arabie Saoudite et l'Irak sont taus vises, l'un apres l'autre. Il s'agit d'une revue publiee dans un Etat arabe frere.
43. Le representant de la Republique arabe unie ne veut pas me prendre au serieux. Il n'en est pas moins vrai que les faits demeurent. La paix et la securite du monde sont menacees, mais il declare que nous ne
I SllOUld like to make a few remarks in connexion with the discussion which is taking ?lace in the Security Council on the Lebanese Government's complaint.
45. The Suviet delegation notes, in the first plilce. t.hat the representativEs of certain we~tern Powers, above all the United States and the United Kingdom, gave unreserved support to the Lebanese GovernHleni;'s complaint. In so doing, they took n. clear:y s'Jbjective, biased positicn, which h an outgrowth of tlIEir foreign policy vis-a.-vis the countries of the Near al:d Middle E.ast. Their position cannot be described in any other w;oy, for the representatives of the Unitfrl States and the Cnited Kingdom completely ignored the official statements of the Government of the United Arab Republic and the statements by the representative of the United Arab Republic here in the Security Council. They paid no hee.d to the 5pecific facts and arguments presented, which leave no doubt as to the groll:1dlessnes::; of the Lebanese Government's complaint.
4£. Without wishing to repeat the facts we cited £It the last meeting of the Council, which showed that the United States and the United Kingdom were interfering in the internal affairs of the Arab States and were preparing £or armed intervention ill Lfh,qnnn, tlJe Soviet delegation is conlpelled to draw the attention of the members of the Council to cert:tin actions on which tIle United States and United I{ilJguOlll Governments are working while this debate is in progress here. The United States evidently places greater reliance on its racket-carrying jet aircrait than or. United Nations decis:ons. How else can one explain the fact that, ut the very time that Mr. Lodge i, arguir.g here :n the Security Council for tIle dispatch of United ~atiOlls observers to LeballOn, the United States Government decides to send a large new consignment of jet aircraft to Leb:won to ftght against the Lebanese population?
47. I should r.ow like to :'jay a few words about the statement by tile Iraqi represcntlltive, Mr. Jnmuli. This is not the first statement he has made that is, J would say. imbued with uncorcealed hatred for the Soviet Union and certain Arab peoples which have freed themselves from the yoke of colonialism. In itself, the ~tlltcmcntwould not call for a re;Jly, were it not for the fact that it eonstitutes a frank confession of faith hy a man who has linked his fate to tlle colonialists.
48. From Mr. Jnmali's reasoning, it appears that he regards as the Soviet Union's mortal sin the fact that
45. La delegation sovletique cor.state d'abord qu(, les representants de c<lrtaines puissances occidentales, et avant tout les rcpresentants des Etats-Unis et du Rou:lume-Uni, ont apptlye, S:ins reserve la plainte du Gouvernement libnnais. Ce faisant, Us ont adopte une attitude nettement partiale et denuce d'objectivite, qui nisulte de leur politiquc etrangc~e fi l'egard des p:lYs du Proche-Orient et du Moyen-Orient. On ne peut qualifier autrement lcrt position, car les representants des Etai:s-Unis et c.u Hoyaume-l.;ni ant meCOllllU com- pletement les declarations officie1les du Gouvernement de la Rp,puhlique arabe unie ainsi quc l'intervention du representant de ce ;Jays all Conse:1 de sec.urite, lis n'ont pas tem, compte des faits concrets et des arguments qui {HIt 6te expos6 et qui ne laissent suhsister aucur: doute sur le manque de fondement de la plainte du Gouvernement libanaffi.
46. Sans vouloir l'epeter les faits que notts avons cites a la dernicre seance ell Conseil, et qui temoignent de I'ingerence del; EtaLs-Uui:> et du RO)'alu:lC-Uni dans les afIaires intericures des Etats arabcs et de l'intervention 8rmee que ces pays preparent all Liban, la delegation soviCtiqlle ne peut manquer d'appeler l'atlelltion dei> membres du Conseil sur eertaines mestlres que le.'> GouvernE',ments des Etats-Unis et du Royaume-Uni mettent au point au moment mem~ ott la question libanaise est disclltce id. Les Etats-Unis comptent 111u5, ~emblc-t-il, sur Leurs avian,> !l rear,tion armcs de fusees que sur les decisions de l'Orgatisation des Nations Unies. Comment expliquer autrerr.ent que, au moment merne 0(; M. Lodgt: preronise jci, flU ConJ;eil de securite, l'envoi au Liban d'observateurs de l'Orga- nisation des Nations Unie.~, le Gouvernemer.t des Etats- Unis decide d'expedier dans cc pays, de nouveall, un grand nombre d'avions it reactlon devant servir a la luttc r.ontre la population libanaise?
47. Quelques mats maintenant sur l'intervention de M. Jamali, le rcpreser.tant dt l'Irak< Cette intervention, qui n'est pas la premiere, exprime d'un bout it l'autre une Jwine non deguisee de l'Uniw sOyjetiqllc et cc certains peuplcs nrnDes qui se ~ont !iber-cs du jOllg coloniali5te. Cetle intervention, en soi, n'exigerait pas de reponse si eUe n'etait pas la franche confession d'un homme qui a lie ~on destiu au ~olonialism~.
48. Si ran suiL l'argumentation dc. M. Jamnli, on yoit que, d'apres Jui, le peeM mortel de l'Union 50vietique
49. 1 must say, however. that here. too, Mr. Jamuli is merely repeating what the United States Secretary of State, Mr. Dulles, had already said about Lebanon. Mr. Dulles also declared that the events in Lebanon were the handiwork of the conmunists. It is interesting to see how the Leh<lnr.s~ ;\nswPrea Mr. Dunes on tlus point.
50. On ~4 r..lay 1958, the Lebanese newspaper the Telegraph-Beiru.t published a statement by former Prime Minister Saeh SaIAf:lm, rr.plying to Mr. Dulles' assertion that the events in Lebanon wert the handiwork of the communists. I shall quote this statement, which, incidentally, answers Mr. Jamali as well:
"It is regrettable lhal a responsible statesman like Dulles :>hould make a statement of this kind, which completely ignores the actual ~tate of ai1airs in Lebanon, where armed bands, incited and supplied by the authorities, are killing and wounding citizens. Dulles' statement that the Opposition's activity is communist-inspired is refuted by the fact that tile leaders of the country's various religious communities, including the Maronite Patriarch, the Shiah Mufti and the Ulema. and the Druse sheikhs, have given their blessing to the popular Dovement and are openly supporting it. The Lebanese want only one thing - to maintain. Leban<)rJ.'s existence and inde- pendence and to ensure peace in their own country and in all the Arab countries. The sooner the United States understands the great trutil UUl't the present national movement against United States policy has no connexioll with communism, the better for I the United States and the greater contribution it will make to the cause of world pr.Bee."
51. Mr. Jamali referred to the relations between the Soviet Union and the United Arab Republic and, in particul.ar, to the support which the S<lviet people is giving to the President of the UnitE!d ArBh Republic, Mr. Nasser. It is diHJcult for me to say anything about Mr. JamaJi's quotation from the statement allegedly made by the Prime Minister of the Soviet Union, Mr. !{hrushchev, <In 16 May 1958 [824/11 meeting, para. 202]. We h[lVI' hp-cn linable to fmd it. We de kn.ow something €lse, however, namely, that on 17 May, on his return to Cairo, President Nasser stated that Prime Minister Khrushchev had assured him tha-:: " ... he wants nothing from us (that is, from the United Arab Republic) but cordial friendship and
4'9. Cepcndant, M. Jnmnli se borne a repeler la encore ce que le Secre.taire d'Etat des Etats-Unis, M. Dulles, a dit avnnt lui au slljet du Liban. M. Dulles a declare lu: aus5i que le.:; evenernents du Liban sont l'ceuvre des communistes. Il est interessant de voir ce que les Libnnnis cux-m~mes reponol:ut a M. Dunes.
50. Le journal liballais Telegraph-Beirul a publie le 14 mai 1958 une declaration de M. Saeb Salaam, :mcien premier ministre, sui reponJ a l'lissertion de M. Dulles selon laquelle les evenements survenus au Liban sont imputables aux communistes. Je voudrais citer cette declaration, qui constitue aussi, d'ailleurs, une reponse aux arguments de M. Jamali.
« 11 est regrettable qu'un dirigeont politique aussi important que Dulles fasse de semblables declarations sans ',enit le moindre co:npte de la situation reelle au Uban, oil des bandes armees, encouragees et equipees par les autorites. tU1'.nt et blessent les civik La declaration de Dulle.s d'aIJrcs laquelle I'opposition agit a !'instigation du com:nunisme est dementie par le fait que les chefs des differentes communautes religieuses du pays, notamment le patriarche marnnite. le Mufti et les ulemas chiitcs, ct les cl1eiks des Druzes, ont donne lellr benediction BU mouvement populaire, qu'ils soutiennent ouverte- ment. Les Libanais ne souhaitent qu'une chose : assurer l'existence et l'independance du Liban et garantir la paix chez eux et dans tous les pays aH.bes. Plus tM les Etats-Unis comprendront cette grande verite, a savoir que le mOllvement national actuel dirige contre la politique americaine n'a rien a voir evec le comrnunisme. mieux its s'en trouve:oont et plus il~ contribueront a la paix internationale. n
51. M. Jamali a parle des relations de l'Union sovie- tiql:e avec la BepllbJique arabe unie, et notamment de I'appd que le peuple sovietique donne au President de la Republiquc arabe unie, M. Nasser. n m'est dif- ficHe de faire le moindre commentaire au suiet des citations que M, Jamali dit avoir tin~es d'lIne" decla- ration que le Premier Ministre de l'Cnion sovietique. M. Khrouchtchev, aurait faite le 16 mai 1958 [824e seance, fXlf. 202}. )fous n'avons pu 6:1 trouver trace. Mais nou~ savons qu'a wn retour au Caire le president Nasser a declare le 17 mai que M. Khrouchtchev lui avait donne I'assurance «[.•.} qu'il ne nous demande (c'est-~-dire a la Republique arabe unie) rieu d'autre qn'une amitie
54. In view of this, Mr. J:mmli's assertion that West- ern colonialism is dead sonnded, at the very least, strange _ provocative, I would say. This is what he said: "... Western colonialism is a dead lhing, a thing of the pasL." [ibid" par::!. 227] Consequently, it allegedly no longer constitutes a thrcat to th.c peoples of the Near ani! Middle East, Asia and Africa, Is this assertion in accord with what was said at the African~Asian Conference, held atBandllng in 1955, which, Mr. Jamali tells us, he himself attended? Wc all know that the Bandung Conference recognized colonialism as an evil, a present evil, and that the subjection of peoples to foreign enslavement, rule by exploitation, is contrary to the United Nations Charter. The members of the Security Council are no doubt aware of the decisions of the Conference of Independent African Stab~s, held at Acera in April 1958 - a conference of countries whose most acutc and burning problem is that of liquidating colonialism. The Conference's main decision was a condemnation of colonialism and an appeal for all possible support of the dependent peoples in their struggle for liberation.
fp Udr ]e preSIdent Nasser. Ce sentiment d'amiti6 pm- oneacte 't' N ,SUSCI e avnnt tout par ce que le president asser a fait p'0~r la li?eration nationale de son pays. L~ peuple sovlebque VOlt dans le President de la Repu- blique arabe unie lm heros national qui a courageu- sement I 'J" ev~ etendnrd de la lutte contre les colon1-
s,~teu,rs, qUI a mene et qui mene toujours la luLie pour Imdependance de sa republiql1e et pour cellc des antres peuples arabes qui ne se sont pas encore liberes du loug colonial. 53. M. J~mali a repris un slogan eculc de la propa-
~an~e occld~nt.ale touchant le pretendu desir qu'aurait 1Umon S~Vletique de "penetrer» dans les PflYS du Proche-Onent et du Moyen-Orient, et de se :-;ervir t\ cette,fm des relations amicales qu'elle clltretient flVec la Republique ambe unie ainsi que du ',commllnismc mondial ». II n'est guere utile de prouver combien de
scmbl~blcs asserti~ns sont ridicules. Chacun sait, y compns M. Jamah, que les relations d'amitic entre
],Uni~n ,sovietiqu,e et les peuples arabes reposcnt sur le pnnclpe de I avant~ge mutuel et se manifcstent par ~es accords culturels, commerciaux et economiqucs fondes sur le principe de l'egalitc des droits. Nous ne cherchons pas a imposer aux peuples nrabcs des condi- tions qui seraient incompatibles avec Icur souvcrainetc et leurs intefl!ts nationaux, L'Union sovietique n'a pas de visees colonialistes, Nous n'avons pas dc concessions petrolif~res dans les pays arablOS et nous ne chercl10ns pas a lOn obtenir. NOlls n'avons pas de pipe-lines sur le territoire des pays arabes, et nous n'y possedons pas non pltlS de bases militaires des- Unees a des guerres d'agression. L'Union sovietique n'a jamais reprimc le mouvement de liberation nat1o- nale des peuples arabes. 54. Dans ces conditions, il est pour le moins curieux _ j'y l'elcve meme Hne certainc provocatioll - que M. Jamali vienne nous affil'mer que le colonialisme occidental est mort, C'est la cc qu'il a dit : «Le colo- nialisme occidental appartient au passe, il a ces:;e d'exister ~ [ibid" par. 227]. En d'autres tcrmes, le colo- nialisme ne constituerait plus une mcnace pour les peuples du Proche-Orient et du Moycn-Orient, d'Asie et d'Afrique. CeUe affirmation s'accorde-t-elle uvcc cc qui a cite dit a la Conference des pays d'Afrique e~ d'Asie, tenue aBandoung en 1955, a laquelle M. JUlllflh nous dit lui-mllme avoir assistC ? On sait qlle la Confe- rcnce de Bandoung a reconnu que le colonialisme cst un mal et qu'il sevit toujours, que l'as~ervis~em~nt des peuples par l'ctranger et le regn~ de Iex:plOltation sont contraires it la Charte des NatJons UTIles. Je ne doute pas que lcs membres du Conseil d~ securitC connaissent les decisions prises par la Conference de,S Etats independants africains, tenue a Accra en avnI 1958 conference reunissant les pays pour lesqucJs le probicme de la liquidation du colonialisme est le plus. urgent et le plus grave, La princ,ipale decisior.l ~c cette conference a etci une eon~amnahon, ~ud COlolll,abhJsme et un appel en vue d'obtClllr toute I al e pOSS,l e p,our les peuples dependants qui luttent pour leur llbCratJon.
56, In conclusion, the Soviet delegation feels obliged Lv IJoiut out ome again t11at it is the duty 01' all members of lite Security Council to consider in [l thoroughly responsible manner the q'lestion before us and to refrain horn the intolerable policy of stiTTing up conflicts between the Arab peoples - in the present instance, of supporting Lebanon's groundless accusations and ignoring Lhe well-founded position of th~ Government of the UniLed Arab Republic, which categoricall), rejects these accusations. Only this appr(Jach will make it possible to thwart the plans of certain Powers to intervene in Lebanon's domestic affairs and to exploit the events in Lebanon to the detriment of the Arab peoples' national interests.
•
57. Mr. MALI[{ (Lebanon): At this point in the Secu~ rHy Council's debate, 1 should like to malcc a very fe·w
ob~ervations. 1t is app:ucnt tlU'1t. the Council is now approaching the moment of decision, or indecision, in this matter. It may thereiore be appropriate for me to make one or two remarks.
58. First, I must comment on some oJ the quotations whlch Mr. Sobolcv has made from Lebanese newspapers. It is apparent that Mr. Sobolev has been quoting from one of his favourite newspapen - the Te1cgraph- Beirut. Everybody knows Lhat the newspaper Telcgraph- Beirut is like L'Bumanite in Paris and the Daily Worker in New York - if the latter still exists. We are happy to allow that point of view to find expression in Lebanon, It is impossible to quote ~'rom any newspapr.rs in Moscow whicll do nGt ~xpres8 the official point of view of the Soviet Union Government, Our struggle in Lebanon today is aimed precisely at preserving that mode of life in which there will be room in our society for a vuri~ty of opinio:l, including comffilluisL opinion, to find free expression. That raises the issue of the extent to which freedOlll accorded to that type of opinion will in the end subverl freedom altogether. That is the ultimate issue facing Lebanon and many other countries.
59. I must, however, point out that Mr. Sobolev's qltotations from Telegraph-Beirut and other newspapers slant the picture of what is happening in my country completely in the direction of Lhe point of view of tlle Soviet Un:on and the international communist move M ment,
60. Then, Mr. Sobolev has quoted from the Patriarch, former Prime Ministers, and so forth. Again, we are happy that there is this freedom in Lebanon in which everyone can express his opi:lion. We are now going throllgh the crisis involved in how much t~at freedom enn be abused --to the point of possibly undermining itself, so that a stage is reached in which there is no exprnssion of opposition in our country; we are fIghting so tllat that stage will not be reached.
57, M. MALIK (Liban) [traduit de l'anglais] : Je vou- deais, a. cc stade des debats dll Conscil de securite, presenter [Iuc]gues trcs breves observations. ]I est evident que le Conseil approche maiutenl1nt du moment oil il se prononcera, ou non, sur cette question. Il comient done peut-etre que je formuk une Oil deux observations,
58. Tout d'abord, je dois commenter certaines des citations puisees par M. Sobolev dans les journaux libar.ais. 11 est evident que M. Sobolev a cite un de 5es journaux. favoris, le Telegraph-Beirut. Chacun sait que le journal TelEgraph-Beirut est aBeyrouth cc ql1'est L'Iiumaniti a Paris et ;e Daily Worker - s'il existe enco,'e - a New York. Nons sommes heureux de per- mettre a cette opinion de s'exprimcr au Liban. Il est impossible de citer un journal del Mosc(lu qui n'expri:ne pas l'opinion officielle du Gotlvernement de l'Union sovietique. La lutte que nous menons Imjourd'hui au Liban a precisement pour but de preserver ce mode de vie qui permettra a toutes les opinions, y compris l'opinion cIJmmunlste, de s'exprimer librement dEns notre societe. Cela souleve la question de savoir dans queUe mesure la liberte accordee a ce genre d'opinion mettm en danger, en fin de c(Jrnpte, la liberte en generaL Telle est l'llltimp, proh)l'>me nuquel font face le Liban et de nombreux autres pays,
59. Je dois, toutefois, souligner que les eitations tirees par M. SoboIev du 'Telegraph-Beirut et d'autres jour- naux nonnent de ('.e qui se passe dans mon pays une image qui correspond uniquement aL point de vue de l'Union sovietique et du mouvemcnt communi~te international.
60. \1". Sobolev a cite emmitc le patriarchc, d'unciens premiers ministres, et d'autres personnalites. La encore,
110US ,90mmes heureux qu'existe au Liban cette liberte qui permet ~ chacun d'exprimer son opinion. La crise que nollS traversons actuellement soul~ve la question de savoir dans queUe mesure on peut abuser de cetre liberte - au point oll ellc risque de se detmire elle- meme et oil toutc manifestation d'opposition ser"it supprimee dans notre pays: nous luttons pour que ce stade ne soit pas HUp.int.
62. With ri'gard to the former Prime I\'lini~ters and Presidents of the country, from whom Mr. Sobolev quotes, again wc arc IHlppy that they exist there and that tllcy are free to express themselves. 1 can only say that I wish thflt the dozen or so former Prime Ministers from whom we never hear at all in other parls of the Middle East could be heard from at this juncture. I v,,-ish that their voices could be heArd and that Mr. Sobolev would qUale f!'Om thenl when they were.
63. lL gives me a great deal of pleasure, and honour even. to fIDd MI'. Sobolev quoting: Olll' Opposition- the Opposition ill a country wllere theTe is a rrlll opposition, and where wc give it every freedom to express itself, Blit obviously it is not fail' or objectiv~ - to use a word which he himself used 011 more than Olle occasion - for him to quote from only the onc shade of opinion which Iwppeus to interest him most. Tha-t is obviously the revolutionary method, the method of supporting a certnin point of view everywhere it exists and encounlging it, promoting it, giving it publicity all over the world and thus helping the revolulion - the revolution not only in Lebanon, but everywhere else as well.
64. This monolithic point of view, whereby one picks and chooses exactly according to one's own desire and goes ahead to strenglllCn the movements that are politically akin to one, is what we [lre facing at the present moment in the Middle East. ] am sure that we have to go through that phase. 1 lwpe that we shall overcome the difficulty, I hope that we shall retain variety, plurality, dilTerenee of opinion and fre~.dom - not only in my country, but also in the Near East as a whole
65, Thlls Mr. Sobolev's quotations - alld I am sure that he is wonderfully documented on newspapers and magazines and all thc statements of our former Prime Ministers and other leadl:.'rs - please us and plead for us, and they have demonstrated to the Council the renj stmggles which are going on at the mOlnent in lhe Middle East, behind and beyond our present difficulty, which we hope we will overcome.
66. ",rlwtever decision or indecision the Council may come to shorlly, I tuli:e it that - llnd I hope that when I hllve finished, the President will inform me on tbis point - the Council will continuc to have this problem befol'e il, regardless of the outcome of tlJis meeting lluel regardless, as I say, of the decision or indecision that the Council may come to in fI moment. It is important for us to lmow that the Council con- tinues to have this issue before it, even beyond the attempt at a decision tcday.
67. One last word. '111is whole Dlatter which been under considerlltion here can be viewed on has I two
~OlOs dll illlllieme de 5es .fi{]~les. Par consequent, poli- lquemellt parlant, le plltnarche ne represclltl; personne.
62. ~.n Cl'. qui conCCflle le~ anciens premiers miuistres cl pres~dents de nohe pays, que cite M. Sobolev, eneon'
I,l~e fOl~, nous ,somI!'cs heurcux qu'ibi vivent et fjll'ils SOl?llt.lihr;os el exp~'mlcT leu.r opirJioll. Tont cc CjllC je pUIS ~Ire, c est que Je vOllrlrms {]ue la dOllzainc (]';meiclIs premiers ll1illistres dont 1I0llS n'entcnrlons janwis parle: duns d'autres parties dlt Ivloyen-Orient iluisscnt se .fmre .entcndre en cc moment. Je vondrab que Cl'S VOlX pmssent etre cntcndues et que M. Sobolcv cite leurs paroles.
63. Je. suis tres hellL'<ClIx, et mfunc honcrc, que 1\1. So- holey .cl.te les dcclnratiollS cmllnant de notre oPPOSitioll, OppOSItion, d'Ull paye; 0/1 existe une opposition \'cri- table, et a Inqudle IlOUS <10rmOIlS tolite libertc de
s'e~pr~mer. ;\'1llis, de tOIl le evidcnce il n'cst ni juste ni objectJf - pour reprenrJrl:.' les termes qu'il 11 eluploycs it plus d'une occasion - de la part de 1\1. Sobolcv de ne citer que la seule Dllance de I'opinion qui se trouve etrc celle qui l'interesse le phls. C'est evidcmmcnt la me.thode revolutionnaire, la methode qui COllsiste a appuyer un certain point de vue parlout ou il exislc, a l'encourllger, a le fuvoriser, a le. raitl~ eonnuitrc clans le monde entier et a aider ainsi la revolution ~- la revolution non seulemcnt au Libl.lll, mais partout ailleUfs clans le mondc.
64. CeUe atlitude mor.olithique, en vcr[n de lnqnene on setectionne et choisit exactcmcnt st·lon son propre desir afin de pouvoir renforcer les mouvi'ments qui SP rapprochent politiqLlement du votre, c'est cc qne now; voyons actueIlernenl au Moyen-Orient. Je suis ct"rt<lin que nous devons passer pllr cette phase. J'esJlI~re que nom surmonterons la difficulte. J'espere que 1I0US saurons conserver la diversite, la mllltiplicite, la varielc el'opinion et la liberte, non seulement dans mon p<lys, mais egalement dans le. Proche-Oricnt tout cntier.
G5. Ainsi, les citations de M. Sobolev - et jc suir; certain qu'jJ est remarquablement documente sur 110S journaux et nos revues et sur les declarations de nos anciens premiers minis'tres et autres dirigellnts - not!.'. font plaisir et plaident en notre favcur ; cUes o~t mon'tre au Conseil quel est le caractere de la lnttc qUI se po.ur- suit actuellement au Moyen-Orient derriere les dlffi- cultes actueIles, que oous esperons surrnonter.
66. Que le ConseD p~rvienne ou non a llTIe d~cisio~ dans un prochI'. llvenir - et respere que lorsque (atIrlll ti'rrnine le President me renseignera sur cc POlllt - it l'estera saisi de la question queUe que ~oit l'i~5ue ~e cette seance, et independamment du faIt, com:n.e, Je l'ai dit, que le COllseil prendra ?u non une deCISIOl1 dans quelques instants. Il est Important que n.ous sachions que le Conseil reste saisi de cet~e questIon, meme apres la tentative faite aujourd'hul pour pllT- venir a une decisiOll.
67. Un dernier mot, L'ensemble de la question .c/ui a ete examinee ici peut etre considerc de deux pOIDtS,
68. But, as I say, there is a more basic, a more ultimate and a more fundamental level of questions which this maHer raiscs. That is the levcl, if I may so caU it, of history, namely, the basic questions which history is asldng through the crisis of Lebanon. The crisis of Lcbflnon raises fundamental questions in history and for history, and very briefly I wish to teJl you what they are in my view.
69. Our crisis raises two qucstions for the United Nations as an organilation. There is, fIrst, the question of the small nations. What is their fate in the United Nations? Can the United Nations save the small States? Is the United Nations an arena of struggle only between th~ big, so that the small must be left to their fate, must be submerged, must be pushed aside to the margin of existence in the United Nations - or is there a modicum of protection tllat the small nations can count upon from the United Nations? The crisis of Lebanon puts tillS test to the United Nations.
70. The Lebanese crisis puts a second test to the United Nations, namely, whether the United Nations machinery and whole conception is fit to deal with subversion, with indirect aggression. It is easy to deal with direct, palpable and demonstrable aggression such as the crossing of frontiers by regular troops; but is the United Nations machinery capable of handling indirect aggression or subversion? This is the second test which our crisis historically puts before the United Nations.
70, La crise du Libfln pose une autre question, celle de savoir si les rnoyens d'action de l'Organisation et sa conception meme permettent de combattre la sub- version, l'agression indirecte. Il est facile de prendre des mesures pour repondre a l'agression directc, tan- gible, ouvel'te, telle que le passage des fronth~['es par des troupes regulieres - mais les org-anes de l'Orga- llisntion des Nations Unies peuvent-ils f!lire face a l'agression indirecte ou it la subversion? C'cst la seconde question que notre crise pose, sur le plan de l'llistoire, a l'Organisation.
71. These, then, are the two historic questions which our case raises before the United Nations and before the world.
71. Tels sont les deux problemes historiques que son~ leve notre crise pour l'Orgallisation des Nations Unies et pour le monde.
72. Our case also raises two fundamental, historic questions for the Arabs. This is the second order of fundamental questions to which I wish to refer. The 11rst of these questions is tltis: is there room for a small, independent, free Arab Statc, or must all Arab States sooner or later merge into a larger whole? TIns is a basic historic question which the present moment in history, through our crisis, raises with the Arabs flS a whole.
72. Notre situation souM.ve egalement deux problemes historiques essentiels pour les Arabes, C'est la deuxieme categorie de problemes essentiels dont je veux faire mention. Le prcmier de ces problemes est le suivant : y u-t-il place pour un petit Etat arabe, libre cl; inde- pendant, ou bicn faudrawt-il que, tot ou tard, les Etuts arabes fusionnetti tous en I1n Etat plus vaste 1 C'est la une question historique essentielle qui se pre.sente en ce moment a l'ensemble du monde arabe a travers notre crise.
73. It raises a second question, namely, whatever the answer to this first question may be, would the new state of affairs in the Arab world, however it
73. Le. second probleme est celui de savoir, queUe que pmsse ~tre la solution du premier. si le nouvel etat de chose dans le monde arabe - sous quelque
88. Mnis, ainsi que je l'ai dit, le probleme se situe aussi sur un plan plus fondamental, plus ele:ve et plus essentiel. Cest, si je puis I'appeler ainsi, celui de l'his- toire, a savoir le plan des questions historiqucs fond a- mentales doni. la crise du Liban ne peut Hre CXclllC. Cette crise pose, dans le contexte de l'histoire, des questions fondamentales pour l'histoire; je voudrais vous dire tres brievemen! queUes sont, selon J1loi, ces questions.
69. Notre crise presente deux problemes pour l'Orga- nisatiott des Nations Unies en tant qu'organisalion. Tout d'abol'd, le probleme des petit~ nations. Qucl est leur sort it l'Organisation des Nations Unies ? Celle- ci peut-elle sauver les petits Etats ? Est-elle UI1C arene oil ne peuvent lutter que les grands. les petits etant abanc10nnes a leur sort et devant etre submerges, ou rejeies en marge de l'existence de l'Organisatioll ? Ou bien les petites nations peuvent-elles compter sur uue certaine protection de la part de l'Organisation des Nations Unies? C'est la question que la erise du Uban pose a l'Organisation.
74. Our crisis also raises two fundamental questions for Lebanon itself. The first is this: can Lebanon stand the pressure? Does it have the political and moral wisdom and the resiliency which will enable it to survive its present trial? This, indeed, is the historic lest of the stature of Lebanon. It puts ,before us a second question: does Lebanon have enough friends in the Middle East and in the world to enable it to stand this pressure? This is tlle test of the reality of the friendships of Lebanon.
74. Notre crise sonleve egalement deux problemes essentiels pour le Liban lui-meme. Le premier est celui-ci : le Liban pent-il resister li la pression ? A-t-il la sagesse politique et morale et la souplesse qui Jui permeUront de survivre a l'e.preuve actuelIe ? C'est la, a lu verite, l'epreuve l1istorique pour la structure du Lib:m. Elle suscite une seconde question : le Liban a-t-it suffisammcnt tl'ami.~ au Moyen-Orient et dnns le mOnde pour resister a cette pression ? La n~alite des amities du Liban se trouve aussi mise a l'cpreuve.
75. It also puts historic quesLions of a fundamental character to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union is today present in the Middle East. Its presence is felt, and the question that is put to it in its presence there is whether we are going to have an em of co-operation and peace, not only among ourselves in that area, but also between ourselves and the oiher countries of the Middle Ellst and tlle rest of the world. Does the real presence of the Soviet Union in Lhe Middle East mean not only the elevation of tlle masses, not only social ch:mge, not only fundamf'ntal revolution - and much of that revolution has been long awaited llnd is long overdue - but also, as far as peace and trnnquillity and freedom are concerned, nil these tl1ing~ not only umong ourselves, but also between ourselves and the rest of the world? That question, too, is put critically, fundamentally and bistorically to the Soviet Union in its presence in the Middle East at the present moment.
75. La crise presenteegalement pour I'Union sovictique des prnbl~mes llistoriqucs et d'un csraciere essentiel. L'Union sDvietique est aujourd'hui presente au Moyen- Orient. Sa presence se fait sentir, et la question que soniC-vI". Sll presence meme est de savoir si cette presence va nous apporter une ere de collaboration et de pai'X, non seulement parmi nous, dans ceUe region, moos entre no liS et les autres pays du Moyen-Orient et le reste du monde, La presence effective de l'Union sovietique au Moyen-Ol'ient se traduira-t-clle non seulement par le progres des masses, les modifications de la structure sociale et une revolution profonde - et une tellc revolution est dans une large mesure aUen- due et necessaire depuis longtemps - mais egalernent par la paix, la tranquHlitC et la libert~, nOn seulement parmi nous, mais entre nous et le reste dlt IDonde ? Telle est aussi Ill. queslion grave et essentielle qui se pose, sur le plan de l'bistoirc, a l'Union sovietique du fait de sa presence actuellc au Moyen-Orient.
76. There are also questions to the Western world which our crisis raises - fundamental questions. Is the Western world in its relalions with the Middle East adequate to meet the fundamental cha.nges which ure arising in tile Middle East at the present moment, or must it, because of certain fund limental imldcquacies from which il may be suffering from, withdraw inevitably from the Middle East? By withdrawal, I do noL mean political control, because we do not want political control from any corner of the earth; by withdrawal, I mean withdrawal in the matter of ideals and of influence and of interest and of presence.
76. Noire crise pose aussi des questions pour le monde occidental - des questions essentieIJes. Le monde occidental, dans SI'S relations avec le "'foyen-Orient, est-il en mcsur<'. de [aire face aux transformatiorls profondes qui se prcduisent actuellement au ?I'loyen- Orient, ou devra-t-il, en raison de certaines insuffi- sance:; fonuarnentales dont il soufTre peut-Hre, se retirer ineIuctablement dll Moyefl-Orient ? Par retrait, je ne veux pas parler de contr61e politique, car nOllS ne souhaitons aucun contr6le politique d'ou qu'il vienne; par retrait, j'entends un retrait sur le plan de l'ideal. de I'influence, des interets et de la presence.
77. Dans une de SI'S declarations, M. Sobolev n parle de certaines personnes, y compris moi-meme, que l'on qunlifie de «pro-Western" (pro-occiden- tales) ISUe seance, par. 181]. n ne m'a jamais semble que ce pouvail el:.re un deshonnellr ponr moi que d'etre appele ainsi. Je pensc que le mondc accidental n'est pllS {'ntif~remcnt mauvais. Je crois que c'est itnI' grande cllose que de eonnaitre, de lire, d'etudier, les grands matLres de la pensee et de la vie dans la tradition occidentale. Je pense que la Russie elle·meme doit beaucollp :\ celte tmdition occidentale, qui, depuis trois cents ans, la pcnetre. Mllis la question qui se
77. Mr. Sobolev referred in one of his statements to certain people, including myself, being described as "pro-Western" 1824lh ml'.cling, para. 181]. J have never felt it a source of dishonour for me to be called "pro-Western". I think that the Westem world is not a wholly evil world. I think that it is a great thing to know, to read ::md to contemplate the great masters of thougllt and of life in the Westcrn tradition. I thinl. that even Russia itself owes a great deal to that Western trHciilion which, for the last 300 years, has been pen8trating Russia. But the question that arises for the \Vest in the Middle Eust today is, to wllat
78. So our problem raises these basic issues: witll respect to the Wcs':ern world.
79. Finally, so far as these ultimate hisLoric qllcsLions are concerned, there is a problem raised by our crisis for ~lte region from which we come, namely, for the. whole of the Middle East. The question is this: would it serve peace and stability for the area, for the Middle East, if Lebnnon's ind~pendcmce were lost, if there were a kind of Anschluss beL'Ween Lebar.on and certain parts of the Middk Ea~t? Would that be a service to peace and ~ecudy, or might it not rather be the beginning of a chain of events whose end we may not now foresee? It may well be -] bel:eve it is - a necessity for pe::lr.r. and ~tability in the area that Lebanon should retain its complete independence and its compl~te irrtegdy and freedom. If tllat is so, then the region as a whole must be interested in that fact and must see to it that no Anschlus.\' occurs because it would upset the peace in the area and its stability.
80. These are some of the ultimate questions which history is raising for all of us thraugh our little crisis in Lrbanon today. ] feel pro,ld when r realize that this little country of mine raises all these issues, because these are que.stions of the essence of the world situation today.
81. We ure most ;;:rateful tD Lhe Sec'lrity Council for having considered our problem with such sympathy, 1I.n.dersL'dlldillg lInd aUer,Lion as Vie !\ave ohtaillerl. Whatever decision you come to is yours. You arc primarily responsible ior the l:Jaintenance of inter:la- tional peace an~ security. You lmow wllat is best to be done in the circumstances. We only want to live in peace with our neighbours, to do our little bit in furthering the cmlSCS uf freedom and prosperity and the welfare of the peoples of the Middle East. \Ve can do that only if we feel tltat wc are noL Itarasserl or threate:led":"'- if we feel that we are free und independent. We cannot work in an atmosphere of threat and fear. We will be completely stilled in sl;ch an ntmosphcrc. Therefore, to enable l!S to make the little contribution that we eau make in that area and, through the arC8, to the world. we mllst feel absolutely secure in our freedom and independence. That is wily we brought our case to YOlI; that is why we trust your judgement; and that is why we await that judgement.
TIle list of speakers is concluded. The Council will now vote on the Swedish draft resolution [SJ4022]. 78. TeHes sont :linsi les questions fondamentales que notre problc:ne pose pour le monde occidcrrtal. 79. Enfin, en ce qui concel'lle les questions histol'iqlles d'importance supreme, il est un probIerr.c que pose notre crise pour In region a laqueHe nous appartenons, c'est-.1~dire le Moyen-Orient tout entler. Cc probleme est le suivant : la cause de la paix et de la stabiliLe de la region, dll J\'IDyen-Orient, serait~elle servie si le Liban perdait son independanec, s'il y avait une sorte d'Anschluss entre le Liban et certaines padies du Moyen-Orient? Serail-et: un sf'.rvice rendll a la paix et a la securite, ou ne serait-ce pas plut6t le co:nmen- cement d'utlc suite d'evenements dout IlOUS ne POllVOns pas actueIJemenL !Jrevuil' la flll ? ee pourmit etre - et pour ma part je le crois - une necessite pour la paix et ]a st~bilite de ('ette region que le Liball conserve son enbere independance, sa pl.:ine integrite et sa liberte. En ee cas, la region dans son ensemble doit etre interessee :l ce qu'iJ en soit ainsi et doit veiller a cc qu'aucun Anschluss i1'ail lieu, car un tel evenement bouleverserait la paix et la stabilite de la region. · . 80. Cc sont la certaines des questions u:thnes que l'histoire nous pose a tOllS, a I'occasion de notre petite crise libuoaise actuelle. J'eprouve quelque fierte ~ penser qlJe le petit pays qui est l8 mien s()ulcvc tous ces ?robJemes, caf ce sont la des problemes qui, dam, la situation mondiale aetuelle, sont d'nne importance capitale. 81. Nous somllles tres reconllai;.;sants au Conseil de securite d'avoir examine notre probll'.me avec t.a'lt de bienveillance, de cDmprehensiDn et d'aUention. C'est it vous qu'il appartient de prendre une decis:on, queUe qu'eJIe soit. Vous etes responsables au premier chef dll rnaintim de la paix et de la securite internationales. Vous savez ce qU'il convient de faire dans les circons~ lances acluelle5. Tout ce que nous voulons, c'est vivrp. en paix avec nos voisins, apporter noire modeste contribution it la cause de la liberte, de la prosperite et du biec-etre des peuples du Moyen-Orient. Nons ne pouvons le faire que si nous ne nons sentODs ni harceles ni menaces, si nous nous sentons libres et independants. Nons ne pouvons agir dans une atmosphere de mmace et de crainte. Nons serions completemeni etouffes dans line telle atmosphere. Aussi, pour nons permeUre d'apporter no:re modeste contribution dans eette region et, par la, au monde entier, nOllS devons nous senti::- entierement en sceurire dans notre liberle et dans notre indcpendance. C'est pourquoi nous vons avons soumis notre cause; c'est pourquoi nous avons confiance en votre jugement, et t'est pourquoi IlOUS attendons ce jugement. 82. Le PRESrDENf (traduit de l'anglais) ; La liste des Drateurs est epuisee. Le Conseil va maintenant vuler sur le projet de resolutiDn presente par ]a Suede \814022J. Il est procedl au vole amain levee. 85. Th~ Soviet delegation notes that the Council has not expressed its opinion on the substance of Lebanon's complaint and its accmations that tIle United Arab Republic is interfering in Lebanon's domestic affairs. The Soviet delegation is convinced that it is the inalien- able right of the Lebanese people to resolve questions relating to the Lebanese State 3,nd that a settlement of the domestic conflict in Lebanon should be sought not in the Security Council, but in Lebanon itself. We therefore saw no necessity for the Security Council to take any action whatever, 86. Nevertheless, we cannot ignore the fact that there is actually a threat of interference in the domestic affairs of Lebanon - not, however, by the United Arab Republic, but by certain Western Powers which are openly preparing for armed intervention in Lebanon. This dangerous playing with fire must be halted. The Soviet delegation once more ex.presses its confidence that all States will display common sense, that the)' will not interfere in Lebanon's domestic affairs in any way, and that they will not peTmit the creation of a new hotbed of war in the Middle East.
A vote was laken by show of hands.
The 'draft resolution was adopted by 10 voles to non e, with 1 abstention. 83. Mr. SOBOLEV (Union of Soviet SocialiHt Repub- lics) (translated from Russian)~ I should like to ex.plain the reasons for my vote on the resolution adopted by the Security Council. In view of the fact tllat neither the representative of the United Arab Republic nor the Lebanese representative objected to the Swedish draft resolution, the Soviet delegation abstained in the vote on it; this in no sense means, however, that we have changed our attitude towards the Lebanese complaint. S'!. After studying the facts, the documents and the statements on this question, the Soviet delegation con- tinues to regard as unfounded the complaint by the Lebanese Government that the United Arab Republic is interfering in Lebanon's affairs. Nor have our views in this regard been shaken by the debate which has taken place in the Security Council.
The United States is gratified by the action of the Security Council today. First, the Council adopted the Swedish resolution which is a practical step towards peace. We trust that our esteemed Secretary-General will act with his accustomed speed and that he will have some- one in Lebanon within twenty-four hours,
88. Then, in addition to the resolution, ten speeches were made in the Council, speeches which reflected clearly the regard which members of the Council felt for. the merit of the statements made by the represen-
84, Apres avoir etudie les faits, les uocuments et les declarations relatifs a cette question, la deICgatioll sovietique estime toujonrs que la plaintc du Gouver- nement ]ibanais concernant une pretcndue intervention de la Republique arabe unie dans les afTaires du Liban est denuce de fondement. La discussion qui a en lien au Conseil de sccllrite ne nOlls a pns fait non plus ehanger d'avis.
85. La delegation ~ovi~tique consLate que le Comeil ne s'est pns prononce ~ur le fond de la plainte et de~ accusations dn Liban tOllcbant une pretendlle inter- vention de la Hepublique ambe unie dans ses affaircs interieures. La delegation sovietiqllc est cOllvaincue qu'il appartil',nt exclllsivement au pellple libanais de resolldre les problemes qui interessent l'Etat libanais, et que le reglement dll conflit intc'tieur libanais doit etre rechercM non pas au Conseil de seeurite, rnais au Liban meme. C'est pourquoi nous n'avons pas juge necessairc (Jue !e Conseil de securiM prenne des mesures
qllelconque~.
8B. On ne peut cepcndant meconna!tre ql\'j[ existe veritllblement une menace d'illtervention dans les affaires interieures du Liban, qui vient non pas de la Republique arabe unie mais de certaines pnissances oecidentales, qui prcparellt onverLement unc inter- vention arme". au Libal\, C'esi a ce jell. dangereux qu'it convient de mettre nn terme. La delCgation sovidtique exprime line Iois de plus la conviction que tous les Etats feront preuve de sagesse, qn'ils s'abstiendront d'intervenir dfins les affaircs intcrienres clu Liban sous quclque forme que ce soit, et qn'ils ne permettront pas la crcntion d'un nouveau foyer de gllerre dalls le
Moyen~Oriellt. 87. M. LODGE (Etats~UnL~ d'Amerique) [lraduit de l"anglaisJ : La ddlCgation des Etats~Unis se feUtite de la decision prise aujourd'hni par le Conseil de securite. D'abord, le Conseil a adopte le projet de resolution presente par le representant de la SuMe, ce qui repl'c- sente une contribution tangible a la cause de la pnix. Nons comptons que notre esthm\. Secretaire genernl agira avec sa cclerite habituelle et enverrn riu personnel all Liban dans les 24 heures.
8B. En oub'e, 10 discours ont tte prononces devant le Conseil, discours qui ont nettement montre toute I'importanee que les membres du Conseil attachent aux declarations faites par le representant dn Liban. Ces
90. I envisage an operation, so to say, on two levels: the observatioll group proper, mentioued in the reso- lution, wl\ich may nut be on the spot t<lmOIT(lW because it should be composed of highly qualified and expe- rienced men who have to be collected from various corners of the globe; a second categcry which is, so to say, the group servicing the main group which can be recruited from the personnel we have at present in Jerusalem in tile United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in Palestine. Some of them could be in Lebanon tomolTow.
91. There is, of course, a difficulty which arises in the planning of the activities of the Truce Supervision Organization and as to the statns of its personnel, but I do not believe that this will introduce any delay. I feel. therefore, happy to be able to say that I think that the expectations of the represmtative of the United States will prove justified.
Under the terms of the reso- lution we have just adopted, the Security Council is entitled to receive constant informatiDn through the Secretary-General from the observation group. We all hove that the information we will receive will be favour· able to our hopes. V,'hatever the future developments, the Council remains seized of this question. Printed in France Price: SO.S: 0.20; 1/6 stg.; Sw. fr. 0.75 (or eqUlvalent in other cutrencies) 22534-Novembcr 1958-1,800 gO. J'envisage en quelque sorte une operation en deux temps: le groupe d'observation lui-m~me, men- tionne dans la resoluUon, qui ne peut pas e.tre su~ place demain, car il devra etre compose d'hommes hautement qualifies et ayant une vaste experience qui devront venir de toutes les parties du monde ; et une seconde categorie qui sera, pour ainsi dire, un groupe au service du groupe principal et qui pourra etre recrutc parmi le personnel qui se trouve actuel- lement a Jerusalem a I'Organisme des Nations Unies charge de la surveillance de la treve en Palestine. Une partie de ce personnel pourra etre all Liban des demnin. 91. Il existe evidemment une difficulte quant a la definition des activites de l'Organisme charg6 de la survelllance de la treve et au statut de son personnel, rnais je ne crois pas qu'il en resulte un retard. Je suis done heureux de pouvoir dire que je pense que les espoirs du representant des Etut&-Ullis lie seront pas devus. 92. Le PRESIDENT (lradu.it de l'anqlais) : Aux termes de la re$ollltioll que nous venous d'adoptef, le Conseil de securite doit etre tenu constalllment au courant des activites du groupe d'nhservation par l'intermediaire du Secretake general. NOlls eSperQIlS tOllS que les renseignements que recevra le Consdl repondront a nos esperances. QueUe que sait l'evolution ulterieure de la situation. le Conseil demeure saisi de la question. La siance est levee II 13 h. 40.
The meeting rose at l.dO p.m.