A/1/PV.22 General Assembly

1 cal1 upon Mr. Varvaressos, representative of Greece. Mr. VAJWARESSOS (Greece) : As a representative of a country which was most cruelly hit by war and enemy occupation, 1 considered it my duty and my privilege to pay a warm tribute to UNRRA and its work in my country. 1 did SO at the first meeting of the Second Committee. 1 gave the members of the Committee, and 1 give you, the assurance that the work of UNRRA in my country is a complete success. 1 paid a just tribute to the UNRRA mission. 1 cari assure you that a11 those men and women who abandoned their jobs with the sole aim of helping our children have discharged their duty with a warm feeling and great sympathy for the people, and in conformity with the spirit of the UNRRA agreement. They have mixed in the life of the people, but they never interfered with the aff airs of the country. 1 am sure that, should the assistance to be given to our country be inadequate, this would not be due to any lack of good Will or generosity, but to the immensity of the destruction and to the vast needs of our people. I end this short statement with a renewed expression of gratitude for UNRRA.

The general debate is closed. If there are no further observations, 1 shall consider the resolution proposed by the Second Committee as adopted. Decision: Tke resolution was adopted. Tke meeting rose at 11.55 P.m, TW~~Y-~~~~~G~~E~A~Y Saturday, 2 February 1946 at 11.00 a.m. CONTENTS 42. Installation of the Secretary-General of the United Nations. . . . . ..,,.. b”‘ 43. Requests submitted by the World Fed- 323 eration of Trade Unions: Report of I the General Committee. . . . . . . . . . 326 i 44. Reconstruction of Countries Members ‘, Y ;/ \ 45. Extradition and Punishment of War Criminals : Draft Resolution proposed by the Delegation of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic : Report of the General Committee. . 33i Prcsident: Mr. P.-H. SPAAK (Belgium) . 42. INSTALLBTICIN OF THE SECRETARY- GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS

We will now proceed with the înstal- Iation of the Secretary-GeneraI of the United Nations. 1 cal1 upon the Vice-Presidents of the General Asscmbly, the President of the Security Council and the President of the Economie and Social Council to corne to the platform. (The seven Vice-Presidents of the General Assembly, the President of the Security Council, and the President of the Economie and Social Council took their places on the platform.) The PRESIDENT (Translation from the French) : 1 request Mr. Jebb to escort Mr, Trygve Lie to the platform. (Mr. Jebb, t-e Executiue Secretary, escorted Mr. Lie to the platform.) The PRESIDENT (Translation from the French) : In accepting your appointment do you, Trygve Lie, solemnly undertake to exercisc in a11 loyalty, discretion and conscience the functions entrustcd to you as Secrctary-General of the United Nations, ta discharge those functions and regulate your conduct with the interests of the United Nations only in view, and not to seek or accept instructions in regard to the performance of your duties from any Govcrnment or other authority external to the Organization? Mr. Lie then took the oath, as follows: Mr. LL~: “1, Trygve Lie, solemnly swear to exercise in a11 loyalty, discretion and conscience the functions entrusted to me as Secretary- General of the United Nations, to discharge those functions and regulate my conduct with the intercsts of the Unitcd Nations only in view, and not to seek or accept instructions in regard to the performance of my duties from any Governmcnt or other authority external to the Organization.”

Mr. Secretary-General, it is for me at once a great honour and a great joy ta be the first in tendering to you officia1 congratulations. 1 recently had occasion to express the esteem and thc friendship which 1 felt for you, and I therefore rejoice sincerely in the election which has carried you to the post of Secretary-General of the United Nations. It is a very high ‘position You are at the present moment the most highly quahfied representative of the international spidt. May 1 be allowed to give you a word of advice, and that is that in your direction of the Unir;ed Nations Organization, without ever compromising the ideal which we have set before ourselves as the end of a11 our eff arts, you should never lose contact with reality. We are neither a learned society nor an academy; we are a great political and social organization, and for us reality counts. It is the raw material of our work. And you should seek the force and the power of your influence, not in ‘any theoretical idealism, but in an cptimistic confidence founded on facts. 1 have no doubts about you. You belong to one of those northern countries in which democracy has happily developed in order and prosperity, in which the most generous and the most just ideas and the bold ones have become living realities. You belong to a courageous, fierce and proud people, which was certainly demonstrated during the war; but they are also a reasonable and practical people. Of that people you are one of the greatest sons. Those who lived near you during the war know your courtesy and your high-mindedness. They have confidence in you, and soon, 1 feel sure, the whole world will ratify that judgment. Therefore 1 say to you: Good courage and good luck, Mr. Secretary-General, and may 1 be allowed to add: Good courage and good luck, my dear friend. Ladies and gentlemen, I dcclare Mr. Lie installed in bis functions as Secretary-General. (The saven Vice-Presidents of the General Assembly, the President of the Security Council and the President of the Economie and Social Council each congratulated MT. Lie on bis a!- pointment as Secretary-GsneraE.) The PRESIDENT (TransEation from the French) :. 1 cal1 upon Mr. Lie to deliver his first speech as Secretary-General. <tp I” Mr. LIE (Secretary-General) : May 1 first of all express my thanks to the President of the Assembly for his kind words to me and to my counw- You will readily understand my feelings on this occasion. 1 am filled with gratitude toward YOU ail for the honour you bave paid me by electing me your Secretary-General. 1 a& YOU to accept my most sincere thanks. It is naturally with deep emotion that 1 leave the service of my country and my King and enter the service of the international community as a whole. I am profoundly impressed Tby the serious nature of the task ahead of me. I kncw that the &Charge of my new duties will demand of me everything 1 shall be able to give. 1 am comforted, too, in the knowledge that 1 shall, from the outset, have a competent and experienced temporary staff at my disposal. 1 am greatly impressed by the work of Mr. Jebb and his colleagues and 1 am most anxious that they should stay with me until 1 have had time to plan the establishment of my permanent staff. For this reason, 1 am glad that the General Assembly has authorized me to invite the members of the Secretariat of the Preparatory Commission to continue to serve the United Nations until 1 April. In taking over my new task 1 promise you to do my best. 1 am the servant of you all. You cari Count upon my impartial approach to a11 your problems. 1 am determined to merit your further confidence through my work for the cause of the United Nations. Certain of your support, 1 look to the future with confidence. It will be my duty always to act as a true international officer, inspired by the same lofty idea of international co-operation which prompted our great leaders of the last war in taking the initiative in the creation of the United Nations. Your Secretary-General is not called upon to formulate the policy of the United Nations. The lines of that policy are laid down in the Charter and determined by decisions of the different relevant organs of the United Nations. The task of the Secretariat Will be to assist a11 those organs of the United Nations in preparing and carrying out a11 decisions taken by them in order to make the policy programme of the Charter a living reality. The purpose of the United Nations is the maintenance of peace in an atmosphere of international security and general well-being. One of the main duties of your Secretariat must be to assist the Security Council in every possible way in the fulfilment of* its mission, But there is a close connexion between the peace problem and the economic and social conditions of the countries of the world. The creation of better economic and social conditions for a11 peoples is one of the principal aims of the United Nations. 1 wish to emphasize that everything within the competence and capacity of the Secretariat will be done to enable the Economie and Social Council to perform its functions. In a11 this work the Secretariat will remember the suffering and devastation caused by the war. Vast millions of our fellow men live in a state of 43. REQUESTS SUBMITTED BY THE WORLD FEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS: RE- \$ PORT OF THE GENERAL ÇOMNLITTEE (DOCUMENT A/21 1

For the discussion of this item on the agenda (Annex 5, page 578) 1 must remind you of the terms of rule 15 of the rules of procedure, which runs as f ollows : Does anyone wish to speak? 1 cal1 upon Mr. Connally, representative of the United States of America. ‘KDuring any regular session of the General Assembly items may be revised, and may be added to or deleted from the agenda by a majority of the Members present and voting. Consideration of additional items shall, unless the General Assembly, by a two-thirds majority of the Members prescrit and voting, decides otherwise, be postponed until four days after they have been placed on the agenda and until a committee has reported upon them.” You must therefore decide in the first place if you agree that this new item be placed on the agenda. If you SO agree by a two-thirds majority, we cari discuss it forthwith. If there is not a twothirds majority, the question Will have to be referred back to a special committee. Mr. CONNALLY (United States of America) : This matter was considered at some length in the General Committee, with the results that you see in the document before you. Since the matter reached the Assembly several of us who were interested in bath sides of the proposition have tentatively agreed that 1 should present a motion that this matter be referred to the First Committee, and 1 now make that motion. We think that in that Committee the question cari be worked out in a manner that wiII be more satisfactory

We must first decide whether the question cari be placed on the agenda of the General Assembly. 1s there any objection to this matter being put on the agenda? 1 cal1 upon Mr. Gromyko, representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Social& Republics) : When this matter was considered in the General Committee agreement was not reached, but the Soviet delegation is ready to support the proposa1 made by the United States delegation to refer this question, for further consideration, to the First Committee.

1 cal1 upon Mr. Bidault, representative of France. Mr. BKDAULT (France) (Translation from the French) : I bave myself explained from this rostrum the point of view of the French delegation. It is favourable to the request which is now before us. Since, however, certain difliculties, which do not appear to be insoluble, are involved, the best method would seem to be to follow the course advocated by the delegate for the United States of America, which, in the name of my delegation, 1 support. The PRESIDENT (Translation from the French) : 1 cal1 upon Mr. Noel-Baker, representative of the United Kingdom. Mr. NOEL-BAKER (United Ringdom) : 1 should like to support your proposa1 that the item be put on the agenda, and the proposa1 made by the United States, Soviet and French delegations that it be immediately referred to the First Committee, where, having already taken part in the discussion, 1 have every hope we shah arrive at an agreed solution.

1 cal1 upon Mr. Andrews, representative of the Union of South Africa. Mr. ANDREW~ (Union of South Africa) : The South African delegation would like to support the proposition you have made that this item be put on the agenda of the General Assembly and also to support the proposa1 of the United States delegation that the matter be remitted to the First Committee. The ~PRESIDENT (Translation from the French) : 1 cal1 upon Mr. Riaz, representative of EgYPt- Mr. RIAZ (Egypt) (Translation from the French) : This is a question of procedure. The proposa1 made by the delegate for the United States of America makes it possible not to raise a question which may affect the very constitution of our Organization, We are faced with a pro-

This question is not on the Assembly agenda. There must frrst be a vote to decide whether it cari be placed on the agenda. This vote should be taken by a simple majority. If this first vote is carried, 1 shah then put to the vote the proposa1 made by Mr. Connally and supported by various speakers. Are there any observations on this procedure? 1 cal1 upon the Assembly ta decide by a show of hands whether the question is to be placed on the agenda. (A vote was taken by a show of hands.) The PRESIDENT (Translation from the French) : The result of the voting is as follows: forty-one delegations have voted in favour of including the item in our agenda. Decision: The General Assembly decided to add to its agenda the item: “Requests submitted by the World Federation of Trade Unions.” The , PRESIDENT (Translation from the French) : 1 now put to the vote the proposa1 made by the representative of the United States cif America, and supported by several delegates, that this question should be referred to the First Committee. There is no opposition. Decision: The proposa1 was adopted. I 44. RECONSTRUCTIONOFCO~NTRIESMEM- \*gB BERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS DEV- ASTATED BY WAR: DRAFT RESOLU- TION PRO~OSED BY THE DELEGATION OF POLAND: REPORT OF THE GEN- ERAL COMMITTEE (DOCUMENT A/221

The next item on our agenda is the report of the General Committee on the draft resolution proposed by the delegation of Poland concerning the reconstruction of Countries Members of the United Nations devastated by war ( Annex 6, page 58 1) . However, a question of procedure arises here, as in the previous case, as this question is a new one; the General Assembly must therefore first decide whether or not it agrees to include the item in its agenda. (A vote was taken by a show of hands.) The PRESIDENT (Translation from the French ) : The result of the voting is as follows: by thirty-nine votes the General Assembly has decided to include the item in its agenda. There was no contrary vote or abstention. Decision: The General Assembly decided to add to its agenda the item: ccReconstruction of Countries Members of the United Nations devastated by War.” The PRESIDENT (Translation from the French) : The General Asscmbly must now detralie, soviétique Colombie, Danemark, Egypte, Haïti, Mexique, Panama, Pologne, publique Sud-Africaine, soviétiques, rique, Uruguay, No delegate voted against. discussion immédiate. Abstained: Brazil, Liberia. ’ Absent: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay. Paraguay. Decision: By forty-five votes, with two abstentions and four absent, the General Assembly decided to open the discussion on the Polish proposal. abstentions, l’Assemblée médiate représentant The PRESIDENT (Translation from the French) : 1 cal1 upon Mr. Stanczyk, representative of Poland. représentant de la Pologne. l’anglais) du monde entier ne s’est concentrée avec autant d’intérêt Mr. STANCZYK (Poland) : Nevcr yet has the attention of the peoples of the world been focussed SO complctcly upon any international conference as upon the conference of the United Nations Organization. guerre et leur desir d’écarter menace pour qu’ils n’attendent fiance le résultat de la prbente sent que les représentants des cinquante nations seulement nationale, manit6 une paix et un bien-être durables. We have created a Security Council, whose task is to secure peace for the world, and we shall invest it undoubtedly with the necessary means in order to try to make aggression impossible, no matter which country is the aggressor. But let us say frankly that a permanent peace would be almost impossible if we did not remove simultaneously economic inequalities; if there were to exist side by side rich nations and those that are too poor. The peoples have suffered too much in this war and they wish SO profoundly to get rid once for a11 of the threat of a new war, and SO they are awaiting with hope and trust the results of our conference. They believe that the repreaentatives of fifty-one nations Will give to the world not only the organization of international cooperation, but also the means which Will secure for humanity both permanent peace and welfare. pour mission d’assurer la paix mondiale ne manquerons cessaires pour essayer de rendre toute agression impos+ble, nous sommes bien obligés de reconnaître en toute franchise possible si nous laissions subsister l’inégalith conditions nations riches à côtt: de nations très pauvres. For settling the economic and social problems the Economie and Social Council has been set up. But it could not accomplish its task if we did not determine strictly its aims and also its competente for their realization. sociaux, on a institué le Conseil économique social. Mais celui-ci ne pourrait tâche si nous ne déterminions mission, ainsi que sa compétence. First of all, we must assume that everything which is given to us by nature, everything which is being transformed into social wealth by human brains and. by human hands ought to serve finally the welfare of man, ought to secure for him richesses de la nature, toutes les valeurs sociales créées par le travail l’homme manité, In the programme of our work a prominent place is given to the problem of securing for the human masses full employment. But let us admit that, without planned economy, there cari be no full employment. If we want to secure full employment for the masses of people able and anxious to work we ought to know where and how to employ those people. This problem is decisive for the pace of social and economic development, and it is extremely important both for the devastated countries and for countries whose economic powers have increasecl considerably during thc war. The general motives which have caused the Polish delegation to propose the discussion of this matter have been condensed in the motion itself. At present, 1 wish only to emphasize and amplify some of these motives. Every war was always accompanied by the destruction of material goods. This was the result and the consequence of war activities. This last war, however, which started with the brutal aggression on the part of Germany, Japan and their allies, has made of war destruction a problem of an entirely new character. Fostering the principle of a totalitarian war, the aggressors have consciously seen, in the complete economic disruption of the attacked countries, a goal separate in itself and helpful for the reahzation of their criminal intentions, Thus the scale and the dimensions of destruction in the present war are unprecedented. The heroic defensive action against the aggressors, combined with the resistance movements, during the occupation, on the part of the patriotic population, have also caused the destruction of the national economic apparatus, either in consequence of the decision to leave during tbe retreat only bare land to the advancing enemy, or in the form of sabotage, leading to the destruction of installations belonging to the nation, but at the given moment working for the enemy. In addition to the devastations caused by direct war operations a systematic looting has taken place in regard to productive plants, equipment, means of transport, et cetera, carried on by the Germans in the conquéred lands. It Will only be feasible to recover a part of the stolen assets, as the bulk of them bas been destroyed during the final collapse of Germany. For a11 these reasons, the dimensions and the degree of the present devastations have no paralle1 in the past, and constitute a problem of greater dimensions than humanity has probably ever hitherto had to solve. SO far, there have never been calamities resulting in the erasing from tbe earth’s surface of entire towns with hundreds of thousands of inhabitants, or even more. 1 will not quote a11 of these events but only mention This is why the problem of war devastations, owing to the dimensions of these devastations, has reached far beyond the possibilities of the afflicted nations and has thus become rather a problem of world economy. An obvious danger results from the fact that countrics which have suffered from these devastations, namely, the Soviet Union, France, China, as well as Yugoslavia, Greece and Poland, present enormous masses of consumers who are unable today to satisfy their needs, or at best cari only do SO in an extremely reduced degree. It is also obvious that other countries, which during the war have developed their industries and their production, are now forced to find outlets in peace-time, too, for the surplus of their output. The prompt and suitable solution of this problem Will not only be decisive for the reconstruction of the ruined countries, but will also guarantee that economic consequences deriving from unrest in the economic sphere Will not bring us new troubles a11 over the world, and constitute the same threat of complications which overshadowed the world after the first world war as a consequence of a lack of balance in the world’s economy. One must always rcrnember that the guarantee of the world’s peace, which is the final purpose of our efforts, as well as the guarantee of friendly relations between nations and finally, a soundly balanced social structure, must have for corner-stones conditions suitable for an unimpeded economic development. Should no special measures be applied in the present situation, when such immense groups of consumers have been eliminated, the work of the United Nations Organization may remain in the sphere of unrealized dreams. In order to enforce the aims mentioned above, to re-establish in the interests of world economy great masses of consumers, and to procure outlets for thc goods of countries which have emerged from the war without damage, SO that they may continue their work without interruption, it is necessary to enable the ruined countries to carry on productive work, which is the only factor capable of guaranteeing their commercial interchange with the group of countries not ruined by the war. 1 repeat, the reconstruction of the ruined countries is at the present moment not a question interesting those countries alone, but a problem of ’ world economy, which on account of the weight of its possible consequences becomes the main point of world economic policies. This problem was raised by Poland for a special reason. It is not only due to the fact that our country is one of the most ruined and that the This is why lasting peace represents the main goal of our policy. We are strongly convinced that it is our duty to emphasize everywhere and always, that the less done to overcome the economic difficulties of the world, the greater the difficulties in reaching the good international solutions and the more deceptive and less stable these solutions will be. It seems to me that the problem of damages and war devastation has never been studied as yet as a separate problem. It has been emerging rather as an additional matter ‘during the study of other special problems. For instance, it has been partially tackled in connexion with the activities of UNRRA regarding rehabilitation. This is, however, rather a narrow conception and interpreted in rather a limited way, which is quite natural since the activities of UNRRA have a humanitarian rather than an economic character. The matter of reconstruction is also taken up in the treaty concerning the Bank for Reconstruction and Economie Development, but here again it does not constitute a separate problem: it is somewhat entangled in the endeavour to settle another problem, namely, that of improving and completing the existing methods of international financial investments. But the approach to the matter from’ the humanitarian aspect, or if one may say SO, from the commercial or financial viewpoint, cannot suffice. This problem has an aspect of its own. It consists in making possible, through complete and prompt reconstruction, the resumption of international interchange for millions, perhaps for hundreds of milIions, of consumers ! _, whose dwellings and workshops have been ruined by war, SO that they are unable to live, produce and consume as they did before the war. 1 do not want to suggest that this problem cari be solved exclusively through international help. On the contrary, the major part of the means and efforts employed must be an outcome of the interna1 economic forces of the countries concerned. But it Will be impossible to use these forces with profit unless the country in question Finally, 1 should like to draw your attention to yet another aspect of the matter. This is the ‘question of the human element. War devastation has prevented scores of millions, perhaps hundreds of millions, of people from living and workmg in conditions suitable for normal human existence. This has been due to their heroic behaviour during the war; behaviour which has been SO general as to lose its aureole of something exceptional. T~US, patriotic populations during the defence of their countries permitted their homes to be destroyed, or even destroyed them themselves. This general heroism was something quite natural during the war. But is it right to demand that this population be compensated for its patriotism by being deprived for a long time to corne of such conditions of life as would guarantee normal capacity and strength to work? One cannot demand of a man normal work when he lives in a den, or in the cellar of a demolished house, is hungry, and has to spend most of his time in securing food. Should this aspect of life be neglected, a dangerous division might arise between the human communities which, without any fault on their side and only owing to the supreme sacrifices they made, are now deprived of the possibility of living in conditions to which they were formerly accustomed, and those fortunate human communities whose living conditions have remained the same, or have even improved. Just as the existence inside a State of groups neglected economically, or of poor and backward provinces, is dangerous for the integrity of the interests of the State, SO an equal danger exists for this great community, which we have named the United Nations, should the existing differences continue and should no equitable adjustment take place in regard to those whose supreme sacrifices have resulted in suffering and in a position of inferiority. And just as the final cause of a11 crises is the misery of the masses and their insui‘ficient participation in the social wealth of their own countries, SO the reason hampering the:economic and cultural development of humanity, causing political frictions and even wars, is the existence of rich countries beside poor, and the insufficient participation of these last in the social wealth of the world. Some countries are suffocating from an excess of goods while others perish because they are deprived of them. And, as a final result, the whole world is tumbling into an abyss of chaos and war. , 1 am convinced that the discussion of the Polish motion by the General Assembly and by

1 cal1 upon Mr. Townsend, representative of the United States of America. Mr. TOWNSEND (United States of America) : The United States of America fully shares thc concern of a11 the Members of the United Nations in repairing as rapidly as possible the terrible social and material destruction caused by this war. This is necessary to bring about an orderly and a peaceful world, the kind of wprld in which the Governments and peoples of the United Nations Will, at last, have a genuine opportunity to achieve for themselves and others, the purposes and principles set forth in the Charter. In the long run, peace is indivisible; economic well-being is indivisible; freedom is indivisible. We regard this resolution on the necessity of economic reconstruction as an expression of our common interest in a world free from oppression and want. We support its reference, for further study of a11 the complicated economic and social factors which bear on the problem, to the Economie and Financial Committee of the General Assembly, and to the Economie and Social Council. They should prepare full reports for the consideration of the Assembly when it reconvenes at the headquarters after the adjournment of the session here in London. In the meantime, of course, the problem of economic reconstruction remains a matter of urgent concern to éach of the Governments represented in this Assembly. It will require positive action by each of these Governments individually to make possible the carrying out of an effective programme in the coming months. The responsibility is shared alike by the Governments of the countries which have suffered SO much devastatien from the war as well as by those which are able to assist in their recovery. Nations which have fought for freedom do not want to remain dependent upon relief from other countries. They want aid only ta become self-supporting. - Economie recovery and political health are interdependent. TO enlist the whole-hearted cooperation of a11 nations and a11 peoples in the great tasks of economic reconstruction we must redouble our efforts to promote basic human rights and fundamental freedoms for ah, without regard to race, religion or political opinion. On behalf of the United States, 1 think 1 cari say that my Government and the American people have already given the clearest possible demonstration, not only in words but in deeds, of our desire to help. Dcsirable as international discussion and study in the field of reconstruction may be, concrctc action cari be taken only by the individual nations themselves. Of necessity and of right, the degree and amount of assistance that cari be given must be determined by each nation in the light of the circumstances in each case. It is manifestly impossible for any country to pledge itself in advance, no matter how indirectly, to a programme or policy which would ultimately demand a contribution of its national resources, without examining in each particular instance for what uses and for what purposes such contributions were being asked. After all, resources are in no case. unlimited or even adequate for a11 pressing needs, domestic and foreign. In the last analysis, the extension of material aid across national boundaries depends upon domestic policy and its ingredients of enlightened self-interest and the natural instincts of friendliness, generosity and humanity. 1 make this statement merely to emphasize the fact that no direct or indirect commitment on the part of the United States with regard to such assistance in any particular case cari be read into our support for an examination of the whole problem of economic reconstruction by the-Economic and Financial Committee and by the Economic and Social Council. The United States desires, above all, to see a world restored to social, economic and political health, a world in which there will be more justice, more freedom and more security for a11 peoples. 1 believe the record demonstrates the earnestness, the sincerity and the deep conviction that underlie our continuing purpose to do a11 that we cari to help toward this end. The United States delegation, therefore, is fully in sympathy with what it understands to be the purpose of the resolution introduced by the delegation of Poland. It is, however, rather late in this session to raise important issues for reference to a Committee for a report at this session. We therefore propose that the General Assembly agree that, following this debate, it put the subject on the agenda of the Second Committee for the next session of the Assembly. TO accomplish this purpose, 1 propose that the paragraph numbered two of the resolution of the Polish delegation be amended to read as follows: “decides to discuss generally this matter under paragraph 17 of its agenda and to transmit it, at the next session of the General Assembly, for a close examination by the Economie and Financial

1 cal1 upon Miss Wilkinson, representative of the United Kingdom. Miss WILKINSON (United Kingdom) : The United Kingdom desires to support the Polish resolution, moved by a Polish delegate whose devotion to bis country we in this country SO well knew during the war. Last night, at a very late hour, we faced the grim fact of what a world shortage of food is likely to mean in the coming months. This resolution deals with an equally urgent problem, the distribution of productive capacity. Only those who have seen what these great devastated areas, that were once rich producing areas, are like now cari imagine the extent of the shortage. Food is urgent; charity in clothes and goods of a11 kinds is urgent. But, as the United States delegate said SO well, countries cannot live for ever, or even for long, on charity, however generous. They must be helped to help themselves. We cannot keep a whole continent on the dole, It is important, too, for morale that nations should be got back to work. It is a terrible thing to realize that, in half the world, a whole generation of Young adults have missed their normal training and apprenticeship period; they are trained to destroy but not to produce, and unless the factory wheels turn soon, and if the alms- , gibing period is prolonged too long, then the habits of self-reliance and of work may be lost. 1 think it is important that we should not regard this as just a pious resolution that of course everyone is “charmed” to pass. Those of us who corne from highly developed industrial nations must be prepared, through the Economie and Social Council, to work out the full implications of this resolution. It often may seem easier to export to the suffering countries vast quantities of mass-produced goods. We must take tare, at the same time, that we are not exporting mass unemployment and mass political discontent. Already a good deal of work has been done on these lines. We have the European Centra1 Inland Transport Committee, the Emergency Economie Committee and the European Goal Organization. They are doiug good work in Europe, but it is essentially short-term work. For a long-term policy we must have economic plan- Therefore, we do hope that the whole of these impbcations wil1 be faced, and that we cari bring to Poland and to the other suffering countries of the world not merely charity, but hope.

The general discussion is closed. The General Assembly must now vote on the amendment to the Polish draft resolution proposed by the United States delegation, supported by the United Kingdom and Polish delegations, to the effect that the second paragraph of the draft should be amended to read as follows: “Decides to discuss generally this matter under paragraph 17 of its agenda and to transmit it, at the second part of the first session of the General Assembly, for a close examination by the Second Committee, which shah present to the General Assembly a report resulting from this examinatien.” Arc there any objections? Decision: The amendment was adopted. The resolution, as amended, was adopted. _ /” 45. EXTRADITION AND PUNISHMENT OF l,!j WAR CRIMINALS : DRAFT RESOLU- TION PROPOSED BY THE DELEW-ITXON OF THE BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET So- CIALXST REPUBLIC: REPORT OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE (DOCUMENT A/261

In the name of the General Committee, 1 prcsent to the General Assembly .the following report on the draft resolution proposed by the delegation ,of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic concerning the extradition and punishment of war criminals: 6; I)<l;) L,j “The General Committee, at ifs meeting on Saturday, 2 February 1946, considered the application for inclusion of the above item in the agenda of the General Assembly made by the delegation of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. The General Committee recommends that the item be placed on the agenda, and that it should thereafter be referred to the First Committee for immediate consideration and subsequent report to the General Assembly. The text of the draft resolution has already been circulated as document A/BUR/ 17.” The documentation on this matter is not yet complete; but perhaps 1 may take advantage of the last sentence of rulè 64 of our rules of pro- Are there any objections? A vote Will now be taken by a show of hands and by a majority to decide whether this proposa1 is to be placed on the agenda. (A vote was taken by a show of hands.) The PRBSIDENT (Tralzslation from the French) : The resuh of the voting is as follows: The General Assembly bas decided, by thirtynine votes, to place the item on its agenda. The General Committee proposes that the matter be referred to the First Committee. If there are no objections, this procedure is adopted. Decision: The General Assembly decided to place the question of the extradition and punishment of wnr criminals on its agenda, and to refer it to the First Committee for consideration and report. The meeting rose at 1.10 p.m. TWENTY-THIRD PLENARY MEETING Wednesduy, 6 February 1946 at 10.30 a.m. CONTENTS 46. Emoluments of the Judges of the International Court of Justice: Report of the Sixth Committee. . . . . . . . . . . . 338 47. Pensions of the Judges, Registrar and Staff of the International Court of gytitiz: Rt;:;rtot the Sixth Com- 339 ..,...... .*.*. 48. Election of the Judges of the International Court of Justice. . . . . . . . . 340 President: Mr. P.-H. SPAAK (Belgium). 46. EMOLUMENTS OF THE JUDGES OF TEE INTERNATIONAL Comm 0F JUSTICE : REPORT OF THE SIXTH COMMITTEE (DOCUMENT A/29 1

The first point on the agenda is the question of the emoluments of the judges of the International Court of Justice. 1 cal1 upon the Rapporteur of the Sixth Committee, Mr. Read, representative of Canada. Mr. RBAD (Canada), Rapporteur: In presenting the following report of the Sixth Committee with regard to the emoluments of the judges of the International Court of Justice, 1 should say that it is based upon joint recommendations of the Fifth and Sixth Committees: :;i ! yc, , ir i 1 “The Sixth Committee unanimously agreed : _..,’ i to recommend to the General Assembly that the emoluments of the judges of the International court of Justice should be fixed according to the following scale :