A/34/PV.61 General Assembly

The positions of delegations regarding the recommendation of the Special Political Committee on this item have been made clear in the Committee and are reflected in the relevant official records. 3. The General Assembly will now take a decision on the draft resolution entitled "Effects of atomic radiation", recommended by the Special Political Committee in paragraph 8 of its report [A/34/626]. The Special Political Committee adopted the draft resolution without a vote. May I take it that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?

Delegations' positions regarding the recommendation of the Sixth Committee on this item have been made clear in the Committee and are reflected in the relevant official records. I call on the representative of Albania for an explanation of vote before the voting.

In explanation of our position on the draft resolution recommended to the General Assembly by the Sixth Committee in paragraph 10 of its report [A 1341642], my delegation would like to express the following considerations. 14. Three years ago the Soviet Union, with its usual demagogy, proposed the conclusion of a world treaty on the non-use of force in international relations. Duringthese three years, the imperialist super-Powers have striven to utilize debates on this matter to mystify public opinion and to camouflage their policies and their aggressive and hegemonistic practices. 15. Daily events prove clearly that, instead of lessening, the use of force in international relations is increasing, in both frequency and intensity. The imperialist super-Powers are exploiting the debates taking place in the Special Committee and other United Nations forums on increasing the effectiveness of the principle of the non-use of force solely to support their demagogic propaganda. The debates that have taken place in the Sixth Committee on the report submitted by the Special Committee have shown clearly that the imperialist super-Powers are merely speculating on the principle of the non-Use of force and on the idea of concluding a world treaty to that end. In the light of all this, the Albanian delegation will not participate in the vote on the draft resolution recommended for approval by the Sixth Committee.

We shall now take a decision on the draft resolution recommended by the Sixth Committee in paragraph 10 of its report [AI341642]. The report of the Fifth Committee on the administrative and financial implications of that draft resolution iscontained in document A/34/662. A recorded vote has been requested. A recorded vole was taken. In favour: Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burma, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Chad, Chile, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, BI Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Against: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Federal Republic of. Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. Abstaining: Australia, Austria, China, Costa Rica.! Guinea, Ireland, Lebanon, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Uruguay.

I call on the representative of the United Kingdom, who wishes to explain his vote after the vote.

My delegation voted against the draft resolution for the following reasons. 19. We have grave doubts about the wisdom of elaborating a world treaty on the non-use of force. It would inevitably affect the present state of international law, which is based on the Charter. There exists no general will for such a treaty. 20. We support efforts to enhance the effectiveness of the principle of the non-use of force in international relations-for example, by strengthening procedures for the peaceful settlement of disputes. We favour the existing law on the non-use of force and efforts to ensure its scrupulous observance. 21. The resolution just voted upon calls for the elaboration of a new treaty on the non-use of force. It pays insufficient regard to the other parts of the Special Committee's mandate, namely the question of the peaceful settlement of disputes and the elaboration of instruments other than a treaty-for example, a declaration. 22. Accordingly my delegation was compelled to maintain a negative stance on the resolution.

The General Assembly will now proceed to the election of 19 members of the United Nations Commission on International Trade 3 The delegation of Costa Rica subsequently informed the Secretariat that it wished to have its vote recorded as having been in favour of the draft resolution. 4 The delegations of Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahamas, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Costa Rica, Egypt, Fiji, Gabon, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Mozambique, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa and Uganda SUbsequently informed the Secretariat that they wished to have their vote recorded as having been in favour of the draft resolution. 24. I should like to remind Members that after 1 January 1980 the following States will still be members of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law: Australia, Austria, Burundi, Chile, Colombia, Egypt, Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Indonesia, Japan, Nigeria, Singapore, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United Republic of Tanzania. Therefore those States are not eligible for election. 25. Under rule 92 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, all elections must be held by secret baJlot and there shall be no nominations. May I, however, recall the recommendation adopted by the General Assembly at its 4th plenary meeting, on 21 September 1979, to the effect that the practice of dispensing with the secret ballot for elections .to subsidiary organs when the number of candidates corresponds to the number of seats to be filled should become standard, unless a delegation specifically requests a vote on a given election. In the absence of such a request, may I take it that the Assembly decides to proceed to the election on that basis?

With the permission of the Assembly, I shall now read out the candidates nominated by each group: four from Africa-Kenya, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Uganda; four from Asia-Cyprus, India, Iraq, Philippines; three from Eastern Europe-Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia; four from Latin America-Cuba, Guatemala, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago; four from Western European and other States-Germany, Federal Republic of, Italy, Spain, United States of America. 27. Since the number of candidates endorsed by each group corresponds to the number of seats to be filled in that group, I declare those candidates elected members of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law for a six-year period beginning 1 January 1980. Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Federal Republic of, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Kenya, Peru, Philippines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United States of America, and Yugoslavia were elected members of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law for a six-year term beginning on 1 January 1980 (decision 34/308).

The positions of delegations with respect to the recommendations contained in the reports of the Second Committee to the Assembly are reflected in the relevant summary records of the Committee. 34. Draft resolution I is entitled "World Conference on Agrarian. Reform and Rural Development". The Second Committee adopted draft resolution I without a vote. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?

Draft resolution II is entitled "United Nations Transport and Communications Decade in Africa, 1978-1988". The Second Committee adopted draft resolution II without a vote. May I con- SIder that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?

We now turn to draft resolution III, entitled "Implementation of the medium-term and long-term recovery and rehabilitation programme in the Sudano-Sahelian region". The Second Committee also adopted draft resolution III without a vote. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?

I shall now call on those representatives who wish to speak in explanation of vote after the vote.

I wish to refer to draft resolution I in document A/34/635, which the General Assembly has just adopted without a vote. The Assembly, by this decision, has endorsed the Declaration of Principles and the Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development. S 39. My delegation wishes to reiterate at this time its reservations with respect to the Declaration of Principles and the Programme of Action. 40. The Republic of Argentina considers it necessary to insist that rural development must be adapted to the individual characteristics of each country and that, as there are major differences in the production systems applied in different nations, for cultural, demographic, ecological, economic and institutional reasons, there must be a reaffirmation of the independence and sovereignty with which each State can formulate its rural development policy, as has been unanimously recognized. 41. Whilst weagree with the objectives which motivate the international community and sympathize with the many developing countries that are faced with problems caused by grave situations of hunger and malnutrition, we believe that in order to contribute to a better produc- S See Report of the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development. Rome. /2-20 July /979 (WCARRD/REP)' transmitted to the members of the General Assembly by a note by th; Secretary-General (A/34/48S). 42. Having said this, we wish to reiterate the express reservations of my delegation to paragraphs 8, 10 and 15 (iv) of the Declaration of Principles, and on subsections A, B, C and D of section II, particularly point II A (i), and point (i) of subsection A of section III of the Programme of Action. 43. In the view of my delegation, those paragraphs and sections of the Declaration of Principles and the Programme of, Action represent defects of form and substance which cannot be reconciled with the essential principles of the sovereign right of States to direct their own efforts for the rural development of their populations. 44. We state these reservations in a constructive spirit, reiterating the intention of the Republic of Argentina, conscious of its special characteristics as a foodproducing country, to co-operate with developing countries in the struggle for the attainment of common objectives: the eradication of hunger from the world and the improvement of living conditions in the rural sector. 45. Miss BARRINGTON (Ireland): Speaking on behalfof the member States ofthe European Community, I should like to confirm that wewere very happy to join in the consensus on draft resolution I on the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, which has just been adopted. At the same time, I should like to recall that at the Conference the spokesman for the member States of the European Community indicated 6 that those States had a small number of reservations on the final text. Naturally, those reservations continueto stand.

The Assembly will now consider the report of the Second Committee on agenda item 58 regarding the United Nations Institute for Training and Research [A/34/634). 47. We shall now take a decision on the draft resolution recommended by the Second Committee in paragraph 7 of its report. The Second Committee adopted that draft resolution without a vote. May I consider that the General Assembly wishes to do likewise?

We turn now to the report of the Second Committee on agenda item 125 regarding 6 Ibid., Annex to the report (WCARRD/REP. July 1979) of the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, para. 28. 49. Draft resolution I is entitled "International assistance for the rehabilitation, reconstruction and development of the Dominican Republic". May I take it that the General Assembly decides to adopt that draft resolution?

Draft resolution II is entitled "International assistance for the rehabilitation, reconstruction and development of the Commonwealth of Dominica". May I take it that the General Assembly decides to adopt that draft resolution?

I now call on the representative of the Dominican Republic, who has asked to speak in explanation of vote.

We wish to express our gratitude to all delegations for their unanimous support of draft resolution I in document A/34/650 concerning international assistance for the rehabilitation, reconstruction and development of the Dominican Republic following the-severe disasters caused by hurricanes "David" and "Frederic". W~ also wish to express our thanks, through you, Mr. President, to all those countries that have shown sympathy with us and helped us both morally and materially, providing the relief measures that were so necessary at the time of the disaster. 53. Similarly, we express our deep gratitude to the United Nations, and in particular to the Secretary- General, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, for their prompt intervention in order to help the victims. We should also like to thank the specialized agencies of the United Nations, particularly the Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator and UNDP. 54. We are fully convinced that the resolution just adopted will help intensify the international support granted to the Dominican Republic to assist it in its economic recovery. It is resolutions such as this one which confirm, once more, the need for the existence of the United Nations and demonstrate the fact that this Organization is fulfilling its part in the process of development.

It is my privilege, on behalf of the group of 77, to introduce seven draft resolutions under agenda item 55 (a), entitled "Development and international economic co-operation: report of the Committee of the Whole established under General Resolution 32/174". 59. The first of these draft resolutions, which is entitled "Global negotiations relating to international economic co-operation for development" and is contained in document A/34/L.14, will be familiar to all of us. It owes its origin to a decision taken at the Sixth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non- Aligned Countries, held at Havana from 3 to 9 September this year [see A/34/542, annex, sect. VI B, resolution No.9]. It was regarded by them as an important new initiative aimed at overcoming the stagnation in the economic negotiations between developing and developed countries. Subsequently, that resolution was adoped in New York by the Group of 77 and submitted this September for consideration at the meeting of the Committee of the Whole, which in turn transmitted it for decision to the General Assembly [see A/34/34, part three, annex 1]. The text of draft resolution A/34/L.14 is virtually identical to that submitted in the Committee of the Whole, the few changes being of an editorial nature. 60. As all delegations have had time enough to acquaint themselves thoroughly with the details of this draft resolution, I shall touch only briefly on some of its aspects. In its preambular portion, it re-emphasizes the need for a new system of international economic relations "based on the equality and common interest of all countries". It thereby emphasizes the belief of the Group of 77 that the proposal we are putting forward is addressed to the common concerns of the entire world community, within the context of the establishment of the New International Economic Order. The preambular section also expresses our deep concern at the lack of real progress in the negotiations for the establishment of the New International Economic Order and it states our belief that the main cause for this lies in the absence of genuine political willon the part of the large majority of the developed countries. The preamble goes on to urge all countries, especially the developed countries, to commit themselves effectively to a process of restructuring of the world economy through negotiations within the United Nations system, wherein the General Assembly would have a central role. 61. In the operative section. of the draft resolution, paragraph I embodies the decision to launch at the 62. In operative paragraph 2, we also note the relationship between the global negotiations and the international development strategy for the third United Nations Development Decade. 63. Operative paragraph 3 makes it clear that the proposal of the Group of 77 should not be seen as involving any interruption of ongoing negotiations in other United Nations forums. 64. Operative paragraph 4 designates the Committee of the Whole as the preparatory committee for the negotiations and entrusts it with the task of submitting recommendations to the General Assembly at its special session in 1980 on the procedures, the time-frame and the detailed agenda for the global negotiations. This is a task of the highest importance, for we are deeply aware that without adequate preparations the global negotiationscannot succeed. 65. Operative paragraph 5 makes the observation that the success of these negotiations can be achieved only if there is adequate commitment on the part of all the parties, especially the developed countries. 66. I have already mentioned that the text of this draft resolution has been before delegations for quite some time. The initiative has been reasonably well received hitherto, and we trust that when we enter into formal negotiations it will prove possible for all parties to accept it. I must stress that for the Group of 77 it is a matter of the highest importance that the General Assembly at its thirty-fourth session should endorse the proposal for the global negotiations described in the draft resolution contained in document A/34/L.14. We believe that in this resolution lies the key to the further development of the entire North-South dialogue. 67. I turn now to draft resolution A/34/L.15, entitled "Proposals for global negotiations relating to international economic co-operation for development". As suggested by the title, this draft resolution is closely related to A/34/L.14. Both these draft resolutions are equally important to the Group of 77. Whereas document A/34/L.l4 proposes the launching of the global negotiations, document A/34/L.15 stresses the significance of recent major proposals by heads of State or Government of developing countries. We believe that these proposals constitute dynamic and important in- ,..'ts for the global negotiations. lI8. The important element in A/34/L.15 is its operative paragraph in which the Assembly decides that the Committee of the Whole, acting as preparatory committee for the global negotiations, shall include in its final report to the General Assembly at the special session next year, suggestions and recommendations 69. Among the important proposals which are identified by the Group of 77 as being within the scope of draft resolution A/34/L.15, is the proposal for a world energy plan presented by the President of Mexico at the current session of the General Assembly [11th meeting, paras. 66-73]. Another proposal so identified is that of the Foreign Minister of Iraq [23rd meeting, para. 332], earlier elaborated by the President of Iraq at the Sixth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non- Aligned Countries, held at Havana, calling for a world inflation fund [see A/34/542, annex, sect. IV, para. 16]. A third proposal is that of the President of Cuba put forward in his address to the current General Assembly [31st meeting], where he called for a massively enhanced transfer of resources to the developing countries to assist in their development. All these proposals have been welcomed by many delegations which have applauded their importance and timeliness. We believe that they will constitute important contributions to the preparations for the global negotiations. 70. It is the intention of the Group of 77 that draft resolutions A/34/L.14 and A/34/L,15 should be considered in the plenary Assembly. We would request you, Mr. President, to make whatever arrangements you consider necessary for consultations among delegations with a view to arriving at a consensus. 71. The remaining five draft resolutions which I shall be introducing deal with special categories of developing countries. They are being introduced in the plenary Assembly because proposals relating to these categories were considered, though inconclusively, in the Committee of the Whole and hence are included in the report of the Committee of the Whole [A/34/34]. It is not the intention of the Group of 77 that these draft resolutions should be discussed in the plenary Assembly. We ask for them to be transmitted to the Second Committee for further consideration under agenda item 55 (0) after they have been introduced here. 72. In view of the fact that there will be detailed negotiations on each of these draf.t resolutions in t~e S~c­ ond Committee, I propose making only very bnef introductions in the plenary Assembly. 73. The first of these draft resolutions is contained in document A/34/L.16, entitled "Special measures in favour of the least developed among the developing countries". The Group of 77 has always been particularly concerned with this section of its membership, which continues to face inordinately difficult problems, 0\\ ing to inherent disadvantages. We believe ~hat extraordinary additional measures are necessary m order to assist the least developed among the developing countries to attain dynamism in their level of growth and developmental activities. At its fifth session, held at Manila from 7 May to I June 1979, UNCTAD succeeded in establishing a comprehensive programme of action for the least developed countries." Draft resolution 7 See Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Fifth Session, vol. I, Report and Annexes (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.79.I1.D.14), part one, sect. A. resolution 122 (V). 74. A related draft resolution, also looking back to the fifth session of UNCTAD, is document A/34/L.17, entitled "United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries". At that session, UNCTAD had asked the General Assembly to establish a date for that Conference. Draft resolution A/34/L.17 indicates that the Conference should be convened in 1981, and concerns itself also with the preparatory process for the Conference. ' 75. I turn now to draft resolution A/34/L.18, entitled "United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked Developing Countries". It is a matter of great concern and disappointment to the Group of 77 that that Fund should have attracted only a very low level of contributions. Nevertheless, we believe that there is need for such a fund in order to meet the specific needs of the land-locked developing countries. Hence draft resolution A/34/L.18 reiterates the appeal to potential donors to contribute generously to the Fund and asks for effective pursuit by the United Nations system of action in favour of land-locked countries. 76. Draft resolution A/34/L.19 is entitled "Action programme in favour of developing island countries". Here again, the draft resolution looks back to the UNCTAD resolution on the same subject" and seeks, in the main, to give effect to it. The text on t.he island developing countries was the only one on WhICh agreement was arrived at in the meeting of the Committee of the Whole in September this year, and that agreement is also reflected in draft resolution A/34/L.19. 77. The final draft resolution which I introduce today is A/34/L.20, entitled "Immediate measures in favour of the most seriously affected countries". Unlike the other special categories, the "most seriously affected" category did not come under consideration at the fifth session of UNCTAD. Hence this draft resolution has a slightly different character from the others. Nevertheless, the main thrust of the draft resolution is similar. As in the other cases, draft resolution A/34/L.20 elaborates a series of measures in favour of one of the recognized categories of disadvantaged developing countries. 78. It is our belief that all seven of these draft resolutions which I have just introduced should form the basis of consensus texts which could be adopted by the General Assembly. H is in that spirit that I commend them for consideration, and in doing so I signify the willingness of the Group of 77 to enter into negotiations with other groups on the basis of these texts as soon as may be convenient.

In order to give some time for delegations to study the draft resolutions and hold the appropriate consultations, and for the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the Fifth Committee to consider them under rule 153 of the rules of procedure, the voting will take place at a date to be announced later.

I call on the representative of Canada, who wishes to introduce the draft resolution contained in document A/34/L.6.

On behalf of its sponsors, I am pleased to introduce to the General Assembly draft resolution A/34/L.6, concerning the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. 82. As all Members are aware, the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea has been engaged for the past several years in a radical restructuring of the fundamental concepts of international law. It has created new legal concepts, such as the exclusive economic zone, the common heritage of mankind and the archipelagic concept, as well as entirely new headings of international law, such as those on environment, navigation and the rights of land-locked States. Most importantly, it has sought also to settle serious pre-existing jurisdictional disputes which the 1958 and 1960 United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea were unable to resolve, while at the same time legislating new jurisdictional limits and establishing an international regime and institutional arrangements with farreaching implications for the area of the sea-bed beyond national jurisdiction. 83. The Conference is now close to completion of this immensely difficult process of creating a comprehensive constitution of the oceans. Now, as before, the Conference needs and, in our view, deserves the continued support of all Members of the United Nations so that it may successfully accomplish its task to that end. The draft resolution before us calls for approval by the General Assembly of a two-part ninth session at which preparation of a convention on the law of the sea can be completed. 84. In the draft resolution the Assembly also requests the Secretary-General to prepare a study on the training needs of developing countries in deep-sea mining for submission to the Conference early next year. This question was agreed upon at the Conference and should have been the subject of a Conference recommendation to the General Assembly, but, unfortunately, lack of time prevented the Conference from reaching that objective. 85. Both operative paragraphs - operative paragraph 1 which approves the convening of the ninth session of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, operative and paragraph 2 which requests the training study - merit full support from Members of the General Assembly. On behalf of the sponsors, I am pleased to recommend the adoption of draft resolution A/34/L.6 by the General Assembly.

I have asked to be allowed to speak in order to make one or two observations about draft resolution A/34/L.6 just introduced by the representative of Canada, sponsored also by four other delegations, and which I trust willbe adopted by this Assembly. 87. The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea has been an exercise which, with all its vicissitudes, has lasted over a period of years. That fact 89. It is for this reason that, in addition to what was achieved substantively last spring with the revision of the informal negotiating text and the subsequent reports of August which are to be supplemented in 1,980, I should like to stress the progress implied in the establishment of a calendar which divides into welldefined phases the work and targets of the Conference for its ninth session. 90. This procedural plan", ;ll without doubt be an effective instrument allowing us to avoid discussions that are over lengthy or that deal with secondary matters, by focusing the attention of the Conference on the crucial issues that are pending, so that Governments can then take a final decision on a consistent, cohesive and representative plan. 91. I should like also to emphasize the importance of the fact that in the draft resolution we are asking the Secretary-General to prepare a study on the training needs of developing countries in deep-sea mining. 92. It is evident that from this there will result recommendations and programmes that will facilitate the participation of the nationals of those countries in the operations alluded to. These are questions which, along with other pertinent ones, will most certainly have to be examined in great detail even before the Convention comes into effect. 93. I wish to recommend this draft resolution for adoption and I should like to thank the members beforehand for all the support they give it.

The report of the Fifth Committee on the administrative and financial implications of draft resolution A/34/L.6 is contained in document A/34/663. The positions of delegations regarding the decision of the Fifth Committee have been made clear in the Committee? and are reflected in the relevant official record. 95. In connexion with paragraph 11 of the report of the Fifth Committee, may I take it that, should the General Assembly adopt draft resolution A/34/L.6, it would be its wish to continue for 1980 the existing arrangements with regard to the status of the President of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea?

The Assembly will now take a decision on the draft resolution contained in document A/34/L.6. Since no delegation has requested a vote, may I take it that the General Assembly adopts it? Co-operation between the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity: report of the Secretary-General

I call on the representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, who wishes to introduce draft resolution A/34/L.I21Rev.1.

On behalf of the African group of States in the United Nations, of which my delegation has the honour of being Chairman for the month of November, I wish to submit the draft resolution dealing with co-operation between the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity [DAUl, contained in document. A/34/L.12/Rev.1. 99. Co-operation between OAU and the United Nations including, of course, co-operation with the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, does not date from only yesterday. That co-operation has existed since the very creation of OAU in 1963. 100. The charter of OAU emphasizes the fact that the States members of that organization undertake to respect the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which constitute a sound foundation for security, stability and active cooperation for the purpose of maintaining peace. 101. Article II of the charter of OAU, which contains the purposes and objectives of that organization, seeks to achieve the same objectives and purposes contained in the United Nations Charter. Co-operation between the United Nations and OAU in all spheres, political, economic and other, is quite clear, and I believe it does not need to be dwelt on. At its twentieth session, in 1965, the General Assembly in resolution 2011 (XX) requested the Secretary-General of the United Nations to invite the Administrative Secretary-General of OAU to participate in the work of the United Nations. The Assembly also invited the Secretary-General of the United Nations to explore, in consultation with the appropriate bodies of OAU, the means of promoting cooperation between the two organizations and to report to the General Assembly on the development of that cooperation. 102. Since that time, there has been a constant strengthening of co-operation between the two organizations. The United Nations has expressed its determination to continue to co-operate with OAU in order that there may be an intensification of efforts to eliminate colonialism, racial discrimination and apartheid in southern Africa. Similarly, the United Nations has expressed its determination to work closely with OAU towards the establishment of the new international economic order. 103. The Secretary-General's report [A/34/482], concerning co-operation between the United Nations and OAU, describes the development of the co-operation between those two organizations, by means of consultations, exchanges of information and co-operation with regard to the situation in southern Africa, as well as co- 105. I believe that the draft resolution before the Assembly is clear and self-explanat.ory· and I therefore need not go into it in detail. 106. In the preamble, the General Assembly notes with satisfaction the continued co-operation between the United Nations and OAU. It states its awareness of the needs of the newly independent African States to improve their economic and social conditions. It expresses its grave concern at the deteriorating situation in southern Africa arising from the continued domination of Namibia and Zimbabwe by the racist authorities there. 107. The draft resolution comprises 18 operative paragraphs. In operative paragraphs 1 through 6 of the draft resolution, the General Assembly takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on co-operation between the United Nations and OAU, commends the continued efforts to promote even more active cooperation, and reaffirm the determination of the United Nations to continue and intensify co-operation with OAU in order to eliminate colonialism, racial discrimination and apartheid in southern Africa. 108. In operative paragraph 7 of the draft resolution, the General Assembly recommends that the preparatory committee for the new international development strategy take full account in its work of the Monrovia Strategy for Economic Development in Africa. 109. In operative paragraph 8, the General Assembly reiterates its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his efforts to mobilize special economic assistance programmes to African States, especially those that have recently become independent and the front-line States, to help them to cope with the situation resulting from repeated acts of aggression by racist regimes in the regon. 110. The draft resolution refers to another question which is of great importance and of which many countries in Africa have experience-that is, the question of refugees. In operative paragraph 14, the General Assembly calls upon all Member States and regional and international organizations, in particular the specialized agencies, to increase their aid to refugees in Africa. 111. In operative paragraph IS, the General Assembly would request the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Secretary-General of OAU, to arrange for a meeting to be held in Africa, before the next session of the General Assembly, between representatives from OAU and the organizations within the United Nations system to study means of effective implementation of programmes of mutual concern, including assistance to liberation movements. The draft resolution, in 112. On behalf of the African group of States, I would appeal to the General Assembly to adopt the draft resolution unanimously.

The African heads of State and Government have always attached great importance to matters of common interest to the United Nations and OAU. In doing so, they have stressed their determination that both Organizations should seek to safeguard and promote their common interests for the good of Africa and for the whole international community. 114. With those considerations in view, States Members of the United Nations have from year to year reaffirmed their full support for draft resolutions similar to the one just introduced, entitled "Cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity". 115. The activities of OAU to strengthen co-operation among its member States and peoples and to resolve urgent international problems in the political and economic spheres were highlighted by His Excellency Mr. William R. Tolbert, the current Chairman of OAU and President of the Republic of Liberia, when he addressed the Assembly on 26 September this year [10th meeting). The current Chairman reflected then on the importance OAU attaches to the intensification of cooperation between OAU and the United Nations and its hopes that that co-operation would continue and expand to the benefit of both Organizations. 116. It will be recalled that OAU was established in 1963, at which time the African heads of State or Government reaffirmed collective support for the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter and their commitment to the fulfilment of those obligations. Today OAU still holds fast to those sacred obligations. 117. In their years of co-operation, the work of the United Nations, OAU, the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations, has encompassed a number of important questions, including those of economic development, the vexed issues of southern Africa and the growing problem of refugees. Although we are happy that that cooperation is growing from year to year, we must yet state that in many areas the result of our expanding cooperation still falls short of fulfilling many of Africa's needs. There have been many significam achievements in the spheres of economic and technical co-operation and there are several items in those areas on which the implementation stage will soon be reached. Africa is aware of the importance of the economic and technical co-operation existing between OAU and the United Nations; that was recognized at a colloquium which was held at Monrovia from 12 to 16 February 1979 and at previous meetings organized by ECA and a group of experts in Rabat. That colloquium, which discussed economic growth and dev.elopment in Africa, identified many existing problems and examined the ways in which 118. Even with all these efforts in the area of economic co-operation, much still needs to be done if Africa's expectations are to be met. Questions concerning the racist regime of South Africa and the situation in Namibia are continually raised and resolutions are passed annually, but the concrete results which we have achieved are still very scant. This is a matter of great concern and disappointment to Africa. In this year of solidarity with Namibia, for instance, the international community should be able to demonstrate that solidarity and unity can achieve results even in those areas. 119. Africa also seeks positive action concerning the issue of refugees. The number of refugees continues to grow annually and yet on a per capita basis African refugees, we believe, receive far less aid than do refugees from other areas. 120. Africa places great faith and trust in the United Nations system. Therefore OAU would wish to see in- 'ceased progress in the coming year in the achievement of some of the goals outlined in this draft resolution. We believe that the more our two organizations work together, the more likely we are to be able to achieve our common goals. 121. We would like to express our gratitude to those countries that have become increasingly aware of the role that OAU is seeking to play. In this connexion, we .:,,'1 to pay a particular tribute to the Secretary-General , .he United Nations, Mr. Waldheim, for his cooperation with OAU and for his policy of communicating with the current Chairman of OAU on major issues involving the African continent and the countries of Africa. It is our hope that this policy of the Secretary-General will continue to be emulated by a larger .mmber of countries that have interests in African affairs. The role of OAU, a role that has been assigned to it by its member States, is very clear and OAU will function even better when issues or questions concerning Africa and Africa's policies are discussed and coordinated where possible through it. We hope that all nations will be mindful of that fact and give OAU and its position in African affairs proper recognition, thereby assisting our regional organization to increase its effectiveness. 122. Finally, it is my pleasure now to endorse the words spoken by my colleague from Libya when he introduced draft resolution A/34/L.I21Rev.l, entitled "Co-operation between the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity". The draft resol: ':>0 on this subject is normally adopted without ~~ispute or controversy. We hope that same happy situation will obtain this year. The draft resolution, as he has pointed out, is sponsored by the membership of OA~;. In addition to taking note of the Monrovia Strategy, which I have already mentioned in my statement, it goes on to outline some of the poltical and economic problems fac-

The increased activities of OAU and its special role in the system of international co-operation naturally lead us to raise the problem of the multiplication and diversification of its relations with the United Nations, not in respect of a specific programme or project but as a carefully worked out and stable structure capable of expediting and broadening the respective types of intervention by ene or the other Organization and making the best of their respective existing means and experience. 124. Three aspects should be mentioned at this stage: first, the control of the organization and of its management, which we shall refer to as methodology; secondly, the co-ordination of programmes connected with economic and social development; and, finally, decolonization. 125. In the first place, we should try in general to harmonize operational standards tested within the United Nations in order to solve rapidly the problems of basic management which affect the OAU secretariat, in order, above all, better to deal with the mass of difficulties which accompany the organizing of conferences. 126. Greater co-ordination of the policy on conferences and the various meetings with regard to Africa would make it possible, on the one hand to pin-point specific items and avoid duplication, and on the other hand to make out the time-table more efficiently and thus ensure more certain and more methodical participation at all those meetings by the African countries. 127. Documentation offers a wide field of co-operation, as regards management, reproduction and dissemination; and here the network of United Nations information centres in Africa could directly resolve the problem of dissemination and of stocking of documents of OAU, which is still very poorly represented in its member countries. 128. Finally, as regards operational activities, OAU and the United Nations have tried to increase decentralization which is resulting in a very interesting ramification of centres and institutes for development and research at the regional and local levels. The proliferation of these bodies should serve a common idea and ideal, and represent, rather than a source of divergence, a judicious coverage of the poles of interest which the two organizations can respectively assign to themselvesin the interests of Africa. 129. It therefore seems absolutely essential to us to deepen co-operation between OAU and the United Nations in this specific field of management and operation, in other words, in the rationalization of methods and the use of available means, by safeguarding and cultivating the common ideals of effective and impartial co-operation. 131. It is clear that, in this field, the United Nations is a great precursor; it has a vast and well-tested potential for intervention. Through the assistance of the specialized and other agencies of the United Nations family, the United Nations is in a position to deploy on a wider scale a more complete range of means responding to developmental sectoral problems or' emergency situations faced by Africa, including the technical aspects of study, training and development-as well as financing and monitoring execution. 132. In other areas, natural disasters, drought and increase of refugees that have given fresh momentum to the laudable co-operation within the United Nations family still require sustained effective efforts to support OAU initiatives. In this regard, the general co' ordination which is assured by UNDP should be strengthened. 133. In this field, a division of labour is necessary, reserving for OAU aspects having to do with the new international economic order and the preparatory debates for large-scale international negotiations, and letting. the Economic and Social Council and UNDP specialize in operational activities. Co-ordination between the two Organizations is particularly important, since OAU meets frequently and regularly holds biannual conferences, a fact which ensures a very solid framework for the study and advancement of reports. 134. Also, such a division of labour prevents dispersal of efforts, resources and means, while ensuring better utilization of the potential that exists to tackle specific problems of our continent. At the same time, that means considerably less resources and bureaucracy. 135. The fact that in Africa peoples and colonial Territories are stili suffering at the end of the twentieth century from the scourge of racism constitutes a source of insecurity and a threat to peace in southern Africa-indeed, in the entire continent. 136. By their complacency or collusion with the white minorities of southern Africa, certain countries are contributing to the existing situation which, beyond the bounds of Africa, will ultimately affect world peace and security. 137. On 23 October last, in a statement made on the occasion of the thirty-fourth anniversary of our Organization, the Secretary-General noted that the forces which wish to separate us are more powerful than the ideals which are trying to unite us. Apart from this appeal to our ideals, the lucid and responsible consideration of our interests should prompt us to hasten the total eradication of these scourges so that we can get down to the problem of catching up a century of lost time and place all our abilities at the service of the immense task of human promotion and development. That task is beyond the capacity of Africa alone; that is where OAU and the United Nations should ensure full co-operation. 139. That threat increases and acutely highlights the scope of co-operation between our two organizations. It is for the Security Council to insist on implementation and the guarantees adopted to date, particularly by OAU; to ask IAEA to exercise safeguards control over South African nuclear installations; and to envisage specific application of the necessary measures provided for in Chapter VII of the Charter. 140. With the completion of decolonization, the two organizations, in accordance with their mission, will have enabled mankind to enter a new qualitative stage in his development, It is then that OAU, like the other regional organizations, will be able to participate with its industrialized partners in the authentic dialogue, finally free of the political trial bequeathed it by the structures of history. Thus we voice the hope that draft resolution A/34/L.12/Rev.l will be unanimously supported by the Assembly.

I shall speak today on behalf of the nine member States of the European Community. 142. The inclusion of this item in the agenda of the thirty-fourth session of the General Assembly provides us with a timely opportunity to review the level of cooperation between the United Nations and OAU. Our task has been greatly facilitated by the detailed report of the Secretary-General contained in document A/34/482 on the nature of this co-operation in the fields of economic and social development, information and publicity, .as well as on the prevailing situation in southern Africa. 143. The way in which African countries are working purposefully together to deal with serious and complex problems of the African continent deserves the support of the United Nations. In this regard, we welcome the efforts undertaken by the many United Nations agencies this year to reinforce and intensify their assistance to OAU. This in turn will assist that organization in achieving the goals and principles of the United Nations. 144. The member countries of the European Community remain firmly convinced that African problems can best be resolved through African solutions, so that African countries may be able freely to determine their own futures within the framework of OAU and without outside interference. 145. In conclusion, I wish to reaffirm our support for the work of the countries members of the OAU in consolidating their national independence, both economic and political. The nine European countries wish to cooperate to the fullest extent possible with all African countries in promoting their economic development. In

The question of co-operation between the United Nations and OAU has become a traditional item on the agenda of each session of the General Assembly. That fact alone is eloquent proof of the great importance accorded to such co-operation by members of this world community. 147. Co-operation between the two organizations is quite natural. When OAU was created, heads of State or Government of the African countries stated that GAU would strive to strengthen and support the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. 148. Implementation of the historic Declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, adopted at the fifteenth session of the General Assembly on the initiative of our country, the Soviet Union, 10has given a very wide and creative character to that co-operation. It is supported in the most varying fields, and it promotes implementation of those lofty ideals that have been adopted by both Organizations. At the present time, the co-operation between the United Nations and OAU is being successfully broadened and is developing in the struggle for the complete elimination of colonialism, racism and apartheid from the African continent and in the establishment of a new economic order complemented by a new international information order. 149. We in the Soviet Union well know and we commend the activities of OAU and lay great stress on strengthening and further developing relations of friendship and creative co-operation with independent African countries. OAU expresses the general interests and aspirations of independent Africa; it continues, as ever, to make an enormous contribution to the cause of liberating the peoples of the continent from colonialism and racism, and it is having a significant impact on strengthening the independence of African States. It is enhancing their role in international co-operation and strengthening general peace and security. 150. The just struggle of the peoples of Africa, with the support of the progressive forces and all honest people in the world, for the complete elimination of the vestiges of the system of colonialism and racism has entered its final stage. We are firmly convinced that the day is not far off when these shameful manifestations will disappear once and for all from the soil of Africa. 151. Free Africa is coming into being in conditions of acute confrontation between the forces of national liberation and progress and the forces of imperialism and reaction, which are trying to halt that inevitable process and even, in certain parts, get involved in a counter-attack. Certain international circles that were mentioned many times in the discussion at the General 152. Understanding that unity is a mighty weapon for Africa in the fight against imperialism and colonialism, the enemies of the African peoples are trying to shatter that unity and to divide ./J irica into opposing groups in order to divert the attention of the African peoples from the solution of vital problems of national construction and pressing international problems. 153. In these conditions, an important role should be played by OAU in the development of good-neighbourly relations and mutually advantageous cooperation on the African continent and in uniting the efforts of the African countries to struggle against imperialism, colonialism and racism. 154. The theme of the sixteenth ordinary session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of OAD, held at Monrovia in July of this year [A/34/552] was the growing struggle to clear Africa of colonialism and racism and to carry out vital tasks in the solution of the persistent problems of economic dependence on the imperialist Powers and exploitation by international monopolies. 155. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, in their message to participants in that forum, said that "each session of the Assembly of OAU was an important event in international political life . . . and that interest was being shown in the work of the Assembly not only in Africa but outside Africa also". 156. At the Monrovia meeting the general position of OAU was reaffirmed: namely, rejection of the manoeuvres of the diplomats or-various Western countries and of the South African racists, manoeuvres aimed at setting up and legitimizing the puppet neocolonialist regimes in Rhodesia and Namibia. The Assembly condemned the so-called "internal settlement" in Southern Rhodesia, and the Patriotic Front was recognized as the sole authentic representative of the people of Zimbabwe. In the decisions adopted by the Assembly, ways of expanding political, moral and material assistance for the liberation movements were spelled out. 157. The imperialist plans to split up the position of the African countries in respect of the separate Egyptian-Israeli treaty also failed. 158. A component aspect of the political programme of independent Africa is the struggle for peace in support of relaxation of international tension. There was also in Monrovia a demand that the continent of Africa be made a nuclear-free zone. In the light of recent news regarding events in South Africa, the appeal by the Assembly that the South African racists be stopped is extremely relevant, for, with the assistance of the Western military and industrial monopolies and scientific centres, they have been working on the creation of their own nuclear weapon and are preparing to produce It. 160. Here one can and should state that the peoples of Africa, and the peoples of the whole world, know full well that they can rely on the socialist countries and the Soviet Union in their struggles for freedom and independence. The Soviet people considers it be its historic international duty to promote by all possible means the renascence and development of the free and independent peoples of Africa. 161. We decisively condemn the manoeuvers of the neo-colonialists in southern Africa and the acts of aggression by the racists against the forces of national liberation and neighbouring independent States. The Soviet Union staunchly supports the demands that effective comprehensive international sanctions be applied against the racist regimes in accordance with the United Nations Charter. 162. Bearing in mind that the ever-increasing and continuing co-operation between the United Nations and OAU is in the interest of the struggle to bring about the total elimination of the vestiges of colonialism, racism and apartheid and to strengthen international peace and security, the Soviet Union will, as always, give all necessary support to the United Nations bodies and to the efforts of OAU and the peoples of the African countries to defend their political and economic independence and to enhance yet further their positive role in international affairs.

The Assembly will now take a decision on draft resolution A/34/L,I2/Rev.l. I have been informed that there are no financial implications involved, it being understood that the measures envisaged in the draft resolution can be accommodated within the work programme of the Secretariat. If there is no request for a vote, I shall take it that the Assembly adopts the draft resolution.

I now call upon those representatives wishing to explain their positions on the decision just taken.

I am pleased to have this opportunity to reaffirm my country's respect for OAU and for its efforts to promote political and economic co-operation among its member States. We welcome the co-operation between OAU, the United Nations and the specialized agencies and international institutions associated with the United Narions on a wide range of issues, including southern Africa, refugee relief, economic development and questions of the environment. We hope that this co-operation will continue to grow in the years ahead. 166. OAU was founded 14 years ago with clear principles in mind, including the unity and solidarity of the African States; the defence of national sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence; the eradication of colonialism from the African continent; and a commitment to international co-operation, "having due regard _____________ General As~embly - Thirty-fourth Session - Plenary Meetings to the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights". These founding principles retain their full meaning today. The United States shares these principles. We also note the important work of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of OAU in Monrovia, particularly with regard to the Strategy for the economic development in Africa and the discussion of an African commission on human rights [see A/34/552, annex I, eM/Res. 722 (XXXIII) and annex II, AHG/Dec. 115 (XVI)]. 167. The spirit of the Monrovia Assembly underlines OAU's commitment to build a better and freer Jife for all Africans. The United States is committed to working with the nations of Africa towards this goal, and we will continue to work to make the spirit of co-operation a reality in our dealings with GAU. 168. The United States was pleased to join in the consensus on draft resolution A/34/L.12/Rev.1. We note, however, our reservations on certain paragraphs of the resolution. With reference to paragraph 6, the. position of the United States on resolutions adopted at the sixth special session of the General Assembly remains unchanged. We have reservations on paragraphs 15 and 17 for reasons which are well known. We believe that the increased politicization of the specialized agencies of the United Nations undermines their effectiveness in performing the technical and humanitarian functions for which they were established. Thus, we believe the United Nations and the specialized agencies should offer assistance to the people of Africa, not to liberation movements as organizations. In addition, my Government is troubled by certain wording in paragraph 8, which appears to have implications beyond the scope of the resolution.

The nine member States of the European Community joined in the consensus on the draft resolution contained in document A/34/L.12/Rev.l. However, some of the nine members have reservations regarding certain pa.ragraphs of that resolution.

The Government of Japan has consistently supported OAU since its foundation. We unreservedly support its aims, namely to improve standards of living in Africa, to defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of African States, to eradicate all forms of colonialism from Africa and to promote international co-operation in keeping with the Charter of the United Nations. My delegation particularly welcomes the growing co-operation between the United Nations and OAU. 171. Because of its fundamental support for the increase in co-operation and interchanges between the two organizations, my delegation has supported the successive resolutions on this item, and therefore has once again supported the draft resolution contained in document A/34/L.I21Rev.1. However, we would like to have our understanding of certain of its provisions placed on the record. 172. My delegation does not support all of the resolutions referred to in the third preambular paragraph. Further, with regard to the twelfth preambular paragraph, and operative paragraphs 15 and 17, my delegation understands that the assistance referred to does not include military assistance. With regard to II operative paragraph 7, my delegation has some reservations about procedural aspects.

My delegation of course favours close co-operation between the United Nations and OAU. Indeed, my Government itself seeks to maintain close co-operation with OAU. We have, therefore, traditionally supported resolutions of the Assembly on this subject. I should, however, like to record that my delegation does not accept that there is at present a situation resulting from "acts of aggression" in the sense in which that expression is used in Article 39 of the Charter. My delegation also has reservations about certain other operative paragraphs. r t

I call upon the representative of Saudi Arabia, who has asked to speak in exercise of his right of reply. I wish to recall that the General Assembly at its 4th plenary meeting decided that statements in exercise of the right of reply should be limited to to minutes on anyone item and should be made by delegations from their seats.

Yesterday we heard the representative of the Israeli entity speak on apartheid and on the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid [see 58th meeting, paras. 96-112]. 176. As usual, and in imitation of his colleagues, he began defending the crimes of Israel by trying to level false accusations at other countries. He said that Arab petroleum-producing countries maintained relations with the racist regime in South Africa. 177. I have no need to reiterate my country's position on this matter. My country refuses to maintain any connexion whatever with South Africa, whether involvii.g oil or not; there is no need to repeat our position on this. I shall merely reaffirm our support for the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid. 178. Israel is South Africa's partner and accomplice in all crimes of apartheid, in practicing and plotting for the manufacture of nuclear weapons-which South Africa could not undertake without Israel's assistance - in the fields of scientific and scholarly achievements, in the theft of raw materials from world-wide depots and on the high seas, not to mention the acts of international piracy - which are Israel's trade-mark and which it has been able to commit with impunity to this very day _. which future events have yet to uncover. Israel is South Africa's accomplice in all that helps Pretoria's racist regime to implement its policy of aggression against African peoples and against mankind as a whole. 179. We should like to side with our brothers in 180. Israel's crime against the African peoplesresulting from its complicity with the racist regime in the military, scientific and strategic spheres, to which South Africa could not have access without Israelis a very heavy responsibility whose importance is by no means reduced by the figures relating merely to commercial trading. 181. Israel is perpetrating every sin forbidden by the 182. However, the study of this record, so rich in annals of criminology, is too long to be undertaken within the short period of time which is now available to us. The meeting rose at 5 p.m,