A/35/PV.15 General Assembly

The peoples of the world are profoundly aware of the need to struggle for peace. justice and progress. On all continents they have mad:; laudable sacrifices SG as to usher in finally the era of a human society less fraught with conflict and less destructive in which anguish and fear might give way to reciprocal trust. understanding ard friendship among all. 10. We repeat here to the valiant people of Zimbabwe the congratulations which the Congo expressed on theoccasion of its independence and we fervently hail the wisdom of its leader. Comrade Robert Dar-iel Mugabe. His political courage and his human abilities redound to the honor of Africa. his genius fascinates the whole world and we are convinced that he usill be able not only to put those qualities at the service of peace. unity and progress within his country but also to make a contribution, along with other nations, to the building of a better world. 7 -. That awareness has been strengthened more than ever today by the increased risks of conflagration :o which mankind is subjected by the unchecked arms race. which has attained a terrifying destructive force. This more and more explosive climate has, alas. been aggravated by the world economic crisis, the consequences of which are most catastrophic for the economics of the countries of the third world. 3. The North-South dialogue. a good effort to alleviate the tension between wealthy and poor countries. has so far resulted only in failureand has thus brought the world to the brink of uncertainty and Jcspair. 1 I. We should also like to salute the entry into the family of the United Nations of the State of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. whose people has managed to rid itself of trusteeship and colcnial oppression and to recover its dignity as a free people, independent and sovereign. 4. In fact. the conditions are present for the worst to happen: but there arc other rather more favourable conditions for the victory of mankind. as. for example. his determination to work for a world of peace, justice and progress. 12. The People’s Republic of the Congo, which has experienccd a long colonial period characterized by poverty. domination and repression, expresses its whole-hearted devotion‘ to the right of all peoples. small and large, to self-determination and independence, and the need for them to live as fully sovereign people, free to make their own choices and responsible for their own future. For that reason my country is in solidarity with liberation movementsand is struggling to make its own independence complete. Indepcndcnce and sovereignty in fact represent thegreatest good to which all peoples profoundly aspire. 5. You. Sir, are one of those men on whom the United Nations can count as it forges ahead. That is why the Congolese dclcgation welcomes your unanimous election to the presidency of the thirty-fifth session of the General Assembly. Indeed. wc arc convinced that you will use your exceptional qualities of man of action. vour inlclligencc and xouf long cspcriencc in international Iii2 in the sacred cause of pcacc. understanding and co-operation nmong the different parts of‘ our world. Comrade Denis Sa~\ou-Nglvsso said: “The international solidarit! of all those who arc opprcsscd throughout the world is the guaranIcc ol linal victor)“. 14. My country practises an outgoing policy vis-d-vis all countries and co-operates with all those that so desire on a basis of equality. mutual respect and reciprocal advantage. 15. My counIrv enjoys relations ol‘goxl ncighbourlinchs. kinship and a&c co-operation with quite a nunibcr 01. African countries. Within the Organization of Al’rican Unitv (OArA and the non-aligned movement II has hclpcd IO estadlish a climate of peace in the world on the basis of the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes. Ih. Our purpose is to build in the Congo a morr ju\t societv. free from all exploitation of man by man. A\ a socialist society. united with the socialist community and in concert with o~hcr peace-loving and justice-loving pcoplcs. the Congo wishes to contribute to the achicvcment of II nc\r world free from war and tension. 17. Unfortunatcl~. u’c must pcrforcc note that the situation prevailing in Africa is not one of pcacc. concord and harmony. The African continent hab. of cour>c. struggled for years. and in&cd hcroicall!. for its liberation. and the results ubtaincd bv that struggle are plain to sec. The intcrnational cornmu&> recognixs with satisfaction the dgnamism shown by that continent and its orpanizttion. the OAU. in their positive contribution to the process ofpeacc and ditente. 18. But so man! major steps remain to bc taken. so much more remains 10 bc done. so man! sacriliccs ml151 bc made before our co:tincnt is complctcly I’rcc! 19. WC note with bittcrncss and stupcl’action that. while the African continent 14 gradually achicv:ng l’rccdom. thcrc is an attempt once more to divide it into /on0 of inllucncc and to protect thuhc 7onc> ofinllucncc b) the cstabli~hmcnt of impressivcl) cquippcd inilitar) baxs o1.a most thrcatcniny kind. Thcx base\ threaten thcpcrrccofthccntirccontinenI. particularlg the nciphbourinp count’ s which allow them to be cstabhshcd on their soil. 20, We do not want any military bases in Africa. We urge the African countries facing ptohlcms among themselves to serk pcaccl~ul solutions through ncpotiations i;istcad ol~militar! lixcc and the c~t;~hli~hmcnl 01 fol-sign bii\c\ on 0111 con1incn1. ;\trica mu\t rc:lll> hc ;I /one 01 pcacc. \$ hcrc 1hc es\cnlial rcx)urcc\ should lx tlc\olcri 10 c’conom~c’ tlc\cl~~l~- mcnt and 11) 1Jh. progrc\\ (11 Ihc \rorhIng m;lv.c~. 21. In order IO do v) UC hat-c 10 make ,urc 1h;11 on (I~I continent principle\ ;I\ dc;it 10 u\ il\ nc~~i-lnl~rl~rc~ic~ 111 the inlcrnal all;nr\ 01 01hcr counlrlc\. tcrritori;ll in1cpr11! ililt/ the In\-i(;lahilit) 01 Ihc lx,rdcr\ 01 each SLII~ ~houltl Ix rc\pccletl. Ah,\-c all. Iorcc \hoLfld Ill11 bc u\ctl it\ ;I Illl'illl'. 01 wttllll~ clmlllcI~. uncontrollable I’irry ;1g:;lin\t the nciphhourlng indcpcndcnt StatL%. 23. Its actions cannot cause the pcoplc olN;lmibia. which has iong hccn aware of i1s rIsktiny and haz orpanixxl ilxcll under the direction uf the South West Africa Pcoplc’s Orpanization [SU’APO] and its Icader. ~‘omrxlc Sam Nujoma. to lust courage: nor can they discourapc pcaccloving and freedom-loving pcoplcb that suppor1 this just struggle. South Alrica’s obduracy wsith rcgrrd to the cshortations 01’ the international sommunit~, and its attc~ltpth to intimidate. rather give rise I~, ;1 stronger commitment and more decisive action by all. 24. South Africa is resorting 10 ilcia!ing txlics lo bring about the I:,iilurc oi’thc c!Iorts ol’thc in1crnationaI C’OII~I~Unit! directed towards ;t ncpotiutcd solution of this hcrious problem. 25. The invchtmcnt5 o( the multi1ia1ic~i~aI corporiltionh in the mining astlvitics in Namibia IXI\C incrcaxxi markcdl) during this dccadc. l‘hc facilities provided to thohc corporations 10 rcpatriatc thclr high prolits strcnpthcn the Wcstcrn economic prc~cncc in Namihi;1. con\titutc ;I serious obstacle to the indcpcndcncc of that countr! and gi\-c cncuuragcmen1 to South Africa. 2h. As far ;I\ UC arc conccrncd. xccptancc 01’ Ihc idcu 01 creating a dcmilil;~ri/cd mnc along the N;tmihian horder with Angola and Zambia &ould bc follo\vcd h! the effcctivc implementation of the scttlcmcnt plan of the l!nitctl Nations. as a process H hcrcb\ Namibia could achicvc in&- pcndcncc. Wc lirml! hclicvc 111 4llcll ;I dcvcl~p1lcllt. It Call no Iongcr hc tlcla!cd nor ~311 it lx sidc\tcppcd. ‘I‘hc Ilnitcd Nations plan is bcht bccaurc it is ~wpc~~i;~lctl ;IIKI conlrohd h! the ii;tcrnation;rl c~mimunil! 2:. liverybody should bc L’OI~ Inccd ol.thc rlghtncss ofthi\ plan and of its immincncs. I.crr South :\frica thcrc is no altcrnativc but to rc\pcct the \\ill cll.thc N;lmibian pcoplc IO bccoms indcpcndcnt. l’hc pcoplc ol.thc C‘ongo cxprc\\ \oIIdarn! with the heroic people ot Namibia 111 the \acrilicc.\ made in the struggle it hah waged under the wise puidancc ol SWAPO. its sole authentic reprcscntativc. to recover its indcpendcncc and aovcreipnt>. 28. With regard to the racist r#gime ol‘ketoria. the international communit> is in duty bound. tothy more than cvcr. to cn~urc tha1 Ihc ~;~~:cllc)n~cn\i~a~~d h! the rclc’vant Unitcti IvaIion\ rcr~llull~;n\ ;trc ~n~pIc~iicnlcd ;~y~iht 111~11 ri’gimc. inclutilng Ili~w ;~d~~~~~lcd uudcr (‘li;~plc~ 1.11 01 Ihc r‘!lancr. 30. At this time. we should like to rcitcrate our support for the People’s Republic of Angola and the ott‘cr front-line States in view ol’ their courage in the lice ot’thc uninterrupted acts olaggrcssion to which they have been subjected by the shamelul and iniquitous regime of South Africa. 31. Pretoria could not persist in these barbaric acts with- OUI 111s more or less passive complicity ol‘thosc industrializcd countries that support it economtcally and politically. Their rchtsal IO implcmcnt the sanctions prescribed by the Organisation speaks volumes. The process of decolonization of the Ai’rican continent must bo complctcd. 32. With regard to Western Sahara. there is a problem ot dccolonization. The denial ot’ the right to existence of an entire people seems IO us to bc anachronistic and an outrageous challenge IO rhc principles of the Charter. 33. III taking up arms IO light the Moroccan coloniser and proclaiming tllr Sahraoui Arab Democratic Republic, this people has demonstrated its desire to be free and independent. The Pcoplc’s Republic ot’thc Congo pays a tribute IO the courage 01’ the Sahraoui people supports it in its just struggle and is cotnmittcd IO continue that support until linal and complctc victory is U’OIL 34. We should like to congratulate the Mauritanian Govcrnmcnt. which withdrew I’rom the conflict. on itscourapcous and lucid attitude with regard to the problem o!‘ Wcslern Sahara, 35. The recognition of the Sahraoui Arab Democratic Republic by a growing number of States-2h out of 50 in Africa-is additional prool’. il’ nerdcd. of the reality and justice ol the strupglc ofthc Sahraoui people. III our opinion, this ix a sut’licicnt hcto;’ to dctcrminc the attitude ofthc international com~nunit\- with regard to this problem. in conli~rmity with the conclusions of the Ad Hoc Committee of the OAtJ ;I( thr scvcntccnth ordinary session ol’ the Assembly ol’llcads of State and Governmrnt of the OAlJ. held at f’rcerown horn I to 4 July 1980. which reiterated the need to implement IIIC process ot’scllilcterminationlriljS/46~ and Cow. I. annrs II. AHWDEC. II8 (XVII) 1. 36. With regard to Chad. a tremendous tragedy, is taking place in that vast and beautil’ul At’rican land. A ctvil war is being waged there and it is our impression that the tragedy has reached its climax, since it now scents to be out of controli 37. However. the Lapok agreement regarding the national reconciliation O!‘C‘Ilild. CollclL&d 011 2 I AUgUht 1979 undct tlic acgih 0)’ tlic OAli. ;iiiioiig I 1 Ircridh asw~nhlcd for llic lirst lime ;~iiJ in llic l)rcscricc ol’ IO AIrican groups. pavr hrtlt IO ;I real ;iid Iccilini;rtc Iiopc lh;it I’iiiilll! pcxe and IlilI.I1l~~I1! \\0111d rciy ;tlllcrnp tllc llc0plc 01. tll;it ~~~lllllr!, 39. Implementation of that agreement began with the formation of a government and thcestablishment ofonly patt 01‘ 11x contingent. made up solely of Congolese. Unfortunately. the resumption of hostilities dashed the hopcsplaced in the Lagos agreements. and the contingent was obliged to withdraw so as not to be involved in the conflicting trends. Bearing that situation in mind. recourse to financial or other means. as suggested within the OAU or elsewhere, cannot in and of itself constitute the solution to that tragedy. First of all. the people and leaders of Chad must demonstrate the necessary courage and political will to establish genuine peace and tranquillity in their country: then the OAU and the African countries must show a real desire. without ulterior motives. to assist the people of Chad in emerging from this nightmare. Finally, theinternationalcommunityshould express its will to contribute to the pcacet’ul settlement of the problem without seeking to interfere in Chad’s affairs. in strict conformity with the sovereignty ot’the people ofChad. 40. In our opinion. the OAU and the African countries stilt have sullicient political. diplomaticand material resources to achieve the objectives set by the Lagosagreement. We must make sure that. before having recourse to the United Nations. all African initiatives taken so far have run their course. That is why the Congo abides by the Lagos agreements the validity of’ which was reaffirmed at the seventeenth ordinary session of the Assembly of Heads of States and Government of’the OAU. held at Freetown in July last. For us. legitimacy in Chad resides in respect for theseagreemerits. The Government resulting horn the implementation of these agreements is the sole authority in Chad, and any other attitude can only lead to more contirsion. 41. WC consider the situation in Aljghanistan to be an internal matter concerning. lirst and foremost. the people of Al’ghanistan themselves: a pcoplc may decide to change its country’s internal situation and tocarry out a revolution. In this respect, the At’ghan proplc cannot be blamed at all. The pcoplc ol’ Congo reiterates its solidarity with the Afghan people and expresses support Ihr its revolution. It was a sovereign XI. and WC are opposed to any attempt to invalidate that fact so as to feed international tension. indeed. the General Assembly’s right to discuss questions falling within the purview of international relations should not include any intervention in a field which falls essentially within national competence. For our pan. we support the struggle ol‘ the Afghan people for its independence, for justice and progress and we are against sa~fiftcinga people’s interesb b a thirst for domination. The debate on Afttbanistan would hc distorted il.it lailcd to take account ot’thi real fhctsof’the internal ~llu;il1011. social life is starting to bc organilcd alicr ;I painful period ol devastation and genocide, that counrr! is not rrprcscnrcd in this hall by those who really hold cffcctivc poucr thcrc. 43. We cannot Ihil to express our solidarity with lhc pcoplc of South Korea and to say how encouraged wc arc by the popular struggle going on there. It is the slrugglc ofa pcoplc against dictatorship and oppression, and for a happier. more harmonious life to which it is only just to aspire. Wc support the proposals for a pcaccful rcunifica~ion ofthc IH’O Koreas. 44. There are situations in which rcccnt history should convince us that solutions should hc t’mmd that arc satisfactory to all. Such is the case in the Middle East. l‘hc lililurc ol the Camp David agreements reasonably conlirms the correctnes of our position: those agrecmcnts. which dclihcrately becloud the essential issue--the cxistcncc of the Palestinian people-cannot be viable. effective or lasting. Once more, there can be no guaranteed peace in the region without the participation of the Palestine Liberation Organization [PLO] in any process dealing with the fate of the Palestinian people. The idea of the resumption of negotiations should be dominated by that dccisivc lilctor. Otherwise, no possible solution to that problem C;*I he positive or effective. 45. The United Nations has just held its clcvcnth special session devoted to the new International Dcvclopmcnt Strategy for theThird United Nations Devclopmcnt Dcc;~dc and to international co-operation. In other words. once again we have discussed the establishment of the new intcrnational economic order. We must Ike disappointnlcnt. unfortunately. because the Third United Nations Dcvclop merit Decade will be very much like the previous ones. the failure of which is well known toall Membcrsofour Organization. The rich countries would still have us bclicvc that the origin of the entire present crisis resides in the insurmounlable energy crisis. We should not be misled by that. The current economic crisis cannOI be overcome without the necessary structural changes. in which !hc most realislic approach is that adyocated by the Groupof in thcglohal negotiations.’ 46. Hence the current deadlock in the North-South dialogue will not be broken unless due account is taken of the @agepi& need for change in the balance oftrade relations, f&e rrwaetay and bmisl &order end the disarray in the raw materials market. The United Nations must absolutely be granted the compctcncc and WCC~X;II~ political au!horit! to achicvc success in the negotiations. RcgionoI orpaniz;rtions also can provide ncccssary support liir lhc li)rmulation 01’ specilic data concerning the various parts 01’ the \vorld. Regarding he African conlincnl. lhc Lagos Plan 111Action for the Implcmcnt;ttion of ~hc Monrovia Stra~cp! for the Economic I~cvclopn~cnt ol’ Al’rica? rcprescnts li)r Al.ricans the basis of their plans li)r cndogcnous and self-suslaining toblc lo al1. 47. Finally, the disastrous economic situation has been complicated by the increased tension in the field ofinternational security. which is evermore rife. Thecold war is worst now than ever; the arms race more frenetic than ever. blithely swallowing up, according to oflicial estimates. the astronomical sum of $I million a minute. This is even more disquieGng. given rhe outbreak of new and serious scattered conflicts. with the constant threat of fearsome foreign intervention. It is time we followed up the recommendations ol the tenth special session, devoted to disarmament [set resolurion S-I0/c7], and that the great Powers resolutelycommitted themselves to proceed 10 general and complete disarmament under international control. beginning with nuclear disarmament. We wish to reiterate here our support for the principle of declaring the Indian Ocean a zone of peace. free of all threats. in order to guarantee the security of that nerve-centre of the world. 4X. This survey of the state of the world may well induct pessimism. Colonialism. imperialism. apartheid and all oL,Icr forms of domination and exploiration of pcoplcs considcrablg delay the ;IdVUl~ of a world based on justice. freedom. PCilW and progrcas. 49. Poverty. misery and underdcvelopmcnt should not bc natural phcnomcna to which the majority of mankind must bccomc accustomed for an indcfinitc period. 50. Gcncral and complctc disarmament would make it possihlc 11, l’rrr the IWWSS;I;~ rcsourccs and energies for social and economic dcvclopmcnt. It is imperative and urgent to halt the arms race and to put an end to fhc tonsion resulting I’rotn it in order to accclcralc the cstahlishmcnt ofa new world economic order. 51 I B\- trusGnp the goodwill of pcoplcs and cultivating solida& in the lkx of prcscnl difticultics. mankind can triumph. Thus. once morr. my country rcaflirms its faith in the United Nations and its Charter. which remains the pcrfccl insirumcnt through which u’c can overcomeexisting contradictions and bring about a world free from violence and conllicts. which are useless 10 mankind.

Mr. President, at the outset I Obouid like to exprs%s to you our congratuintione on your clcction lo the high office of President of rhc thirty-fifth session of the General Assembly. Your vast cxpcricncc and lhc ou~~lantlirig qualiiics that !ou havr cxhibitctl in the realm ol’~i~ultilatcr;ll J~plo~~~ac~cn~urc your ability to kccpa lirm grasp on the helm ol’ tliC Assembly during Ihis storm!, period 53. At lhc opening 0I’ thi5 \clrGoii ;I iiw Sl;itc joined the ranks 01’ lhc l!n~lctl Nalionr: Saint IJinccni and lhc <ircnadiiics. On bchaII ol the <iovcrmicnL and pcoplc 01. Isrncl. I 4lo~ld like IO U.C/COI~C it IO ~hr Org;animlion awl ~%ll iI iIll proywil! atid ‘ruc‘c’c~5 ;I a11 indcpndcnl i11i1l wvcreign ShlC. of rhc IJnilccl Nations ;tnd the rcalit!, prevailing in the Orpani?ation loda>. The Ibundcrs of this Organizarion saw in their vision a IGum and a I’ramework for theachicvement and mainlcnancc of peace bctwccn nations al’tcr Ihe horrilic cxpcricncc of the Second World War, a horror which they had cxpcricncctl ;II first hand. 55. Perhaps the most cynical expression of the gap between the original vision and the reality prevailing in the United Nations today has been the refusal of this Urganization. ostensibly dedicated to the peaceful settlement of disputts. IO adopt and encourage the Camp David accords’ and the subsequent Peace Treatysi which brought to an end decades of hostilities between Israel and Egypt and raised the possibility, of expanding the peace process to embrace all of Israel’s netghbours. This Organization. whose principal purpose is the promotion of peace among nations. has thus betrayed iIs own raison d’0tre by rejecting an historic step towards peace and by playing into the hands of the enemies of peace. the rejectionists and the warmongers. 56. Thih unhapp! phcnomcnon is not conlintd to the Gcncral Assembly. Out of fhc IX debates which have been conduclcd thus lilr during 19X0 in the Security Council. nine wcrc dcvorcd 10 sub,;ccts involving my country,. Is there ;IIIVOIIC u bo scriouslg hclicvcs that half of the world’s intern;l;ional prohlcmh today arc connected with Israel? We need onl) glance 01 ii map of our ropion. the Middle East-which is ,just one region (II‘ the world-to XC that it is riddled from Icngth to hrcadrh with coun1Iess conllicts between States. hctwuc~~ ethnic minorities and between different religious groups. Virtually all those conllicts have a history and a dynamic of their OWI\. loldl) divorced from the Arab-Israeli conllict. 57. By way of illusrration. I need only mention the situation in Afghanistan and. of course. the full-scale war ~WIWCII Iran and Iraq-a worrying outbreak of hostilities which ha> wide-ranging implications. That war between two Statrs ruled hp cxtrcmist. irresponsible and trigger-happy r$imcs threatens both regional and international security by putting at risk much of the world’s regular supply of oil. That war. a stru& between two Moslem States. demolishes, in our opinion, the naivcand groundless beliefthat the world’s oil supply is dependent on a pro-Arab scilution to the dispute between lsracl and its neighbours. It hasbecome aII too clrar Ihal the solution ofthe Arab-Israeli conflict will IICJI pj’cn idc ;iii> miracle curt for ~lic rrgioii as a wliolr 01 climinalc the inany olhcr grave conllicis raging in il. The :lhilit! of the I hiitcd Nation> to work for an end to the hlood~hcd in Iraq and Iran u.ill hc a yardstick of~heOrgani- I;I\I~XI’S ahilit\ tocon\inur 10 l’ullil its role l’w the c!lcotiriigemcnl ;ill~l nl;i~n1cn;iIlcc of pcxr. compromised by the plague of politicization. Business-like dcbatcs and dclibcrations in them have become increasingly difficult-if not all buf impossible to conduct--to the grave detriment not only of the agencies themselves but also of those whom they were set up to serve. 59. While I am bound to express deep regret at the condition of the United Nations today. I must also express the hope that all Members of the Organization which share our concern and feelings of responsibility for its future will intensify rheir efforts both to bring the llnited Nations back to the ideals of its founders and to channel the specialized agencies back to their specific areas of concern. 60. Among the subjects which have rightly been given a prominent place in the agenda of the United Nationsare the state of the world’s economy and the relations between the industrialized and the developing nations. The convening of the recent eleventh special session of the General Assembly attests to this fact. Israel took part in that special session with the intention of making a constructive contribution to its work. We therefore share the disappointment over the results of that event. which were not adequate. We sincerely hope that in the near future the efforts to have a constructive dialogue rather than confrontation will be resumed, so that those whose needs are greatest will not suffer the most. 61. Despite our small size and limited resources. we have for decades devoted far greater efforts than might have been expected to assisting nations of the third world in the development of their economies and societies. Israel has shared freely the know-how which it has developed. as well as its experience as a small State in an arid and subtropical region, which has enabled us to make great strides over a period ofa few short years. 62. The problems encountered by Israel in the courseofits social and economic development are similar to the problems facing much of the developing .I orld today. Many of the solutions worked out in Israel can be applied directly by others. Despite the disappointments which my country has experienced, Israel continues to have deep sympathy for the rttuggtc of the developing countries to am&orate and advance the condition oftheir peoples and economics. Israel stands readv to continue 10 give of its know-how and to take il vigorous and constructi\.c part in thr dhrls ofthc international c:ommunity in the sphcrcs of health. social services. agriculturr. dcvclopmcnt 01’ ncu and rcncwablc sources of cncrg!\-. and ii1 cvcrx other sphere to which we can contribute. 63. I’rom [hi\ roslrum I 3boulii like lo pivc csprcssion 10 lhr arigui3h of our .Icu-isli brothers in various 1XllIS of the globe. l‘licrc i3. il would ~c’c’m. no cud to the pain ofthe.lew iti hislory. The ~irfl&inp and pcrsccution conlinue cvcn today. And \?.c. ~bc pcoplc 01‘ Israel. Ic’cl rcsponsihlc for the lot 01. c\cry .Icu- \\ ho suli>r> an! wlicrc. and we are in duty hound to echo the cries of the Jews in the Soviet Union and appeal to theGovernment ofthaf countr) 10 remove the restrictions and facilitate the immigration ol Jews lo Israel. 65. We must also express anxiety over the condltionofthc tortured Jewish community in Syria, whose human rights are severe& curtailed. and many of whom have been imprisoned and have had their property impounded. I would thus also appeal to the Government ofbyria to respect the basic human rights of its Jewish community. which it holds as hostages and which ir. prevents from leaving. 66. The Jews of Iran have suffered painfully in recent months. and their situation is deterioratingfromday today. Many Jews have been thrown in gaol; others have hccn given the death sentence. in most casts on “charges” of contact with Israel. We know of the difficulties in dealing with the present rkgime in Iran. to which fundamental concepts of human rights and the norms of international rclations seem foreign. But we hope that sight will not brl lost of the situation of the Jews there who are perhaps among the most vulnerable of the minorities in that troubled land. 67. Two years ago a development took place in the Middle East-a breakthrough which can appropriately hc called historic. After serious negotiations hctwccn the patties, with the active and important participation of the United States. the Camp David framework and the suhscqucnc Isracli- Egyptian Peace Treaty were signed by the Icaders ofrhc two countries dnd witnessed by the Prcsidcnt of the [Jnitcd States. Israel made major concessions and took considerable risks by signing those agreements. Let me cite only our with.hawal from the oilfields in Sinai. Ihr thcrc is no need for me to waste words on the signilicancc and implicalions of that step in thisdayandagc. Similarly I riced only point IO the strategic depth in Sinai which lbracl has relinquished. as well ah to the advanced air bases locared in Sinai. the C'VX~IBtion of which will he implemented in due course in accordancc with the terms of the Peace Treaty. 68. Israel believed that its concessions and sacriliccs would be met with appreciation and understanding by the world community and that a long-awaited breakthrough would be nchicved on the international scene. Not only has that not mrne &out. but mriny #unlries in the world have spared no eirort to destroy that hard-won peace. ati Israel cantinues to he the ohjcct of unending accusations and attacks. 71. One area in which progress has been achieved in the negotiations is the modalities of the free elections (0 be held in the territories concerned. These procedures would make the proposed autonomy into one of the few-all too fewexamples of free democratic process in the Middle East. Progress has also been achieved in the area of powers and responsibilities of the autonomy covering many aspects of the everyday life of the inhabitants of the territories in question. 72. We certainly helicvc that autonomy can and must he established. All the parties to the Camp David framework are convinced that the process set out in that framework is the only one which is within the realm of the possible. All alternative suggestions for the solution of the problem at hand-ideas such as the holding of an international conference or the like-are devoid of real prospect or purpose. No one can really believe that the various elements in the Middle East which arc so much at odds with each other would attend ;I pcacc confercncc and achieve a positive outcome IhiII WOUI~ le;ld IO;I solulionaccupt;,hlr to all. Thus too the ideas entcrtaincd by the European Community. which do not take Israel’s position into account. iIre only likely to cncourapc ~hosc who are opposed to peace. 73. Those who gcnuincly seek pracc should encourage the progress which has hc~ achicvcd through the Camp David process. Let them also hear in mind and give due regard to the fact rhat. by proposing the idea of autonomy in Judaca. Samaria and the Ga?a District. lsracl has taken on itself great risks for the sake of p~cc. 74. WC hope that the autonomy talk> will be resumed in thcnear fulurc. We also hope that the process of normalifarion of relations hstwcen Israel and Egypt will he intensificd and will scrvc as the hcsl possihlr proofand a living symbol of the fact that peace can and must take the place of war. The full significance of thcsc peaceful relations should be grasped for what they are-and for what they may lead to-as the very corner-stone for peace in the region. 95. The leaders of Israel and Egypt have reiterated time and agilill their mutual commilmcnt lo the proposifion lIi;i~ thcrc will hc ii0 niorc \\‘;ir. I.cl us liopc lhal lhc change which 1~13 come aboui in ~hc Middle East with the Ggninp of pc;icc will he Illc opcnirig for il pcbitivc and long-lasting Ir;insl’ortii;ili[)ii iii lhc liistor! ol’ourconlliclridden iircii. ‘I‘hc 5IricI ;Idhcroncc lo Ihr agrccmciils b! I\r;rcl. in ;Iccord;incc with Ilic’ir Ictlcr and spirit alikr. is ;I )ZllillillllCC 01IhC C~lIlIIl~llilli0ll Of IllC f>C;IL‘C ,3rLPLISS. IlOWcvcr. by ibcll.il ib IIol ciiough. WC liop~ Ihal all tlicothcrs iiivolvcd will ;icI in Ihr \;iiiic’ \\-;I!. ples know that full well. But there is no connection between that principle and the pervcrtcd attempt to turn self-determination into the basis for the destruction ofthe Stale of Israel. as certain States are endeavouring to do. Anyone who is familiar with the idlaology and the terminology of Ihc murder organization that calls itself the PLO. as well as with the declarations of rhe various Arab rejectionist States. can see beyond all doubt that the term “self-determinalion”. as they USC‘ it, is nothing more than a euphemism for the destruction of Israel. 77. It should not bc forgotten that the Palestinian Arabs have achieved their self-determination in Jordan. a State which is the Arab State in Palestine. by virtue of its history. territory, population. culture and all aspects of its national life. The establishmcm ofa second Palestinian Arab State b> distorting the principle ofsclf-determination means the creation of an extremist and hostile base opposed lo the verb existence of Israel. Hence we will not agree to a distorted form of scll~detcrmination. which in reality implies selfdestruction for our ancient nation deeply rooted in its own land. 7X. The programme of autonomy which wc have proposed Ior thcPal&ninn ArabinhabltanthofJudaca.Samaria and the Gair;t District. as acccptcd in principlr in the Camp David frameworks. is the lirst practical proposal to bc advanced to provide a dignilied solution for the needs of the Arab population of those arcas. It come% in place ofall the empty dcclararions with which the Palcslinian Arabs concrrncd have deluded themselves and have been deluded by other States and organi?AGons over the years. 79. One of the mo5l vivid cxprc\hions ofthc rc.+tion of all peace propovals h> ths Arah rejectionist States IS to hc 4een in their unprcccdented military build-up and in the armamcnts which they have rcccivcd in rcccnt years from the Soviet bloc or purchased from the United States and Wcblern Europr. In the course of the last three !cars. orders for arms purchase> h!- the larger Arab States have reached astronomic sums. The quantities of arms that were actualI> supplied have bscn equally staggering. There is no precedent for the amassing of arms on this scale in our region. Those arms arc designated First and foremost for use against krdel. &I Ihe implications of that vast array ofarmantentsare not c+&ted to my count* alone. It also serves to inject war into the urea at large. 82. We hope that in the course of this General Assembly. we shall find a suitable opportunity to give concrete expression to our views on this matter. In the meantime, 1 should like to reiterate my Government’s position. which is that Israel will not be the first to introduce nuclear weapons into the Arab-Israeli dispute. 83. In the last months, Jerusalem has been the object of attacks on Israel in various international forums. There has been much hypocrisy and cynicism in those attacks. For. truth to tell, never has the situation of the various religions represented in Jerusalem been better than that prevailing since the unification of the city by Israel in 1967. For 19 ycars, between 1948 and 1967. the eastern part of the city was under Jordanian occupation and barbed wire divided it in two. Places holy to the Jews were maliciously desecrated. Ancient synagogues and cemetaries were destroyed in a barbaric manner, and Jews were denied access to the Holy Places which are the spiritual life-blood of the Jewish people. It is not out of place lo remark that the Moslem Arab citizens of Israel were also denied access to their Holy Places during that ignoble period. And where, I am bound to ask. was the voice of this Organization during that period? Not once was it raised in condemnation of those illegal acts. 84. On the other hand. since 1967. all-irrespective of religion and nationality-have been accorded free access to the city of Jerusalem and the possibility of worshipping at the Holy Places and shrines revered by them. Israel has assured fhe free and unfettered observance of the religious riles of all members of all faiths. who also administer their religious lives and their Holy Places without any outside intertkrencc. That is the truth well known to everyone who lives in Jerusalem and to everyone who has visited the city. There is no subslancc or basis lo any claim to the contrary. 85. There is no need for me to dwell at length on the bond between the Jewish people and Jerusalem. The Jewish people is the only people which has made Jerusalem its capital since it appeared as a nation on the stage of human history. Throughout the many years of exile inflicted on it. the Jewish pec#le prsyed three times a day. every day, for its restoration to Jerusalem. 88. We in Israel ~Cilrll (i,r pcacc. Wc have done so since lhc first day ol‘ the restoration ol’ our national savcrcignty-in our Declaration ol’ Indepondcncc. which was issued on the very day that the State ol’lsracl was I’oundcd in 1948. In that Declaration, **v ‘1 extend the hand of peace and good neigh-, bourliness to al. .hc States around us and all their pcoplcs”. We have taken l’ar-reaching steps and haVc made huge sacrifices for the sake 01’ peace. But peace with Israel does not mean peace without Israel. or pcacc at its expense. NOI does it mean peace with a weak Israel dcprivcd of its capital and with its wings clipped l’rom the security and gcostrntcgic viewpoints. With SUCK an Israel pcacc will IW hc attained. because a weak Israel will be ali object of unceasing attacks and dcstructivc designs. 89. I wish to call upon the Arab Stntcs which arc out neighbours. and also upon the Palestinian Arabs living in Judaea, Samaria and the Gala District. to follow the dictates of reason and to join the peace process. I wish to call upon the other nations of the world to support this course and to prevail upon the Arab States t1)adopt it. The world a! large, and not merely our region alone. will bcnclit Itom this.

Thr members ol’thc Bangladesh delegation value the opportunity to participate in the deliberations of’ the thirty-lif’th session 11f the Cicncral Assembly and extend the warm greeting> of the Govcrnment and people ol’ Bangladesh. 91. Bangladesh welcomes ~hcadmission ol’Zimhabwc and of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as new Mrmhcrsol’thc United Nations l’amil:f. We have no doubt that their mcmbership will be a source of uddcd strength Ibr the United Nations. In this connection. WC recall with plcasurc the active association of Bangladesh with the initiative ol’ the Heads of Government of Commonwealth Cotnitric> at 111s Lusaka meeting. held in August 1979.” which cvcntuall~ led to the peaceful translbr of power IO the clcctcd rcprcbcntatives of the people ol’ Zimhabwc. 92. The Bangladesh delegation congratulates you most warmly, Sir. on your clcction to the presidency of this august &&.oM1 wishes youatl success in thedischargeol’theduties -&a&d IO your high o&c. We would also like to record our hincrrc apprccialion I;,r the dcdicalion and cllicicnc! cvi111 w-hich \-(KIIprctl~e~vw. Mr. S;tlim ,\hmctl Salirn. pcrli)rmcil his rcqx~ti~~hlili~~ ;I\ l’rc4cnl. sullcrcd ~III irrcparahlc 10~s. As one’ of its limnding mrmhcrx. he had nurtured md stccrcd the movomcnt to its cmcrpcncc as il prcal political li,rcc. During lllc lllilll)‘critical periods in the growth of the movcmcnt. hc proved IO he a tower of strength and inspiration. 95. We view with great concern llic progrcssivc dctcrioration in the political and economic situation ol’~hc world. The Middle East crisis has hccn aggravated hy Israel’s continuing dcfiancc of the decisions and rcholutions ol the (Jnilcd Nations. and more so by its latest illcpal action in declaring Jcrusalcm its “ctcrnal and undivided” capital. This is an el’l’ront IO the sentiments of 2 billion Muslims and C’hristians. and a gross violation ol international law and the Gcncva Convention. The Middle East. one of the most sensitive areas ol’thc world. has hocomc more explosive than cvcr bcl’orc. An imperative condition l’or defusing the highly volatile situation and establishing enduring pace in this rcpion is the immcdiatc withdrawal ol’ Israel from all illegally occupied Arab tcrritorics. including .Icrus;llcm. and the restoration to the Palestinians of 1hcir inalisnablc national rights. including their right IO a Stntc of their own in their homeland. Wo arc also deeply conccrncd over [hc new threat IO pcacc and security in the region as iI result 01 the escalation of the armed conllict lx~wucn Iran nntl Iraq. We sinccrcly hope that the IcildCrs id‘ the two countries will heed the appeals addreascd IO them. including WC liom Prcsidcnt Ziaur Rnhman ol’ Bitnpl;ttlcsl~. to end thi!, I’rntricidal conllict and agree IO an immcdiatc cessation of hostilities pending ;I ,just and honorablc scttlcmcn~ of ~hc dispute through pcaccl’tll negotiations . as urged upon ~hcm by the Security Council last night.‘ 96. It is cxtrcmcly disquictinp [hat the crises in Afgllilllisttin ;IIKI Kampuchea remain unrcsolvctl. Committed its it is to the Chortcr of tltc linitctl Nations ;rntl IO the principles 01 notl-aligmnem. B;lnplitdch htilllds I’or scrupulous rcbpcct lin the sovcrcign equality and lhr trrritorial inlcprily of ill1 nations ilntl lilr rlori-irltcr~~rcrlc~ in tllc intcrn;il ill’litirs ol other n;ltionh. B;mgl;ldcsh. thcrct’orc, is lirmly 01’ the via+ that the solution of thcsc prohlcms Ii0 in llic immediate withdrawal of’ all liircign troops and in the creation 01’ conditions IO enable the pcoplc ol’ thcsc countries 10 have a Govcrmncnt of’their own choice without any external interventian. military or otherwise. 97. B;~npl;~dcsh is opposed IO alI IOms oI‘ c(hni;~lism. rxiwi. ir;ici;il (li\~rililiil;ilil,II ;inkl c/ptr,/hc,it/;~ll~l ilr l’iill! cowllllllctl lo wppxliiip all cll~orlh l’iw their l~~l;il clinlimllion. Il;i~~~li~dc~l~. :I\ in 11~ p;i\l. al40 c~lw5~c5 i13 ~on~l~lctc 5olithrily \villi the pc~q~lc 01’ N;lmilG iii it5 IICI.L~ struggle 1’01 I~Ic’cdon~ a1d iclxqgli/ch S\\‘AI’O ii\ lllc Icgitim;ilc rclmwwta1ivc 01 111~ IX,O~IC 01’ Nillllihiil. cullural and other Ii&Is was moo1cd. The rehponsc to this proposal has hccn cxlrcmcty encouraging and WC hclicvc that such a forum would signilicantly con!rihu(e IO pcacc. stahilhy and harmonio11s co-opcr~Con within our r&n. 99. The unrcsolvcd political crises and the widening Ureas of tension and conllict which post a threal to peace and security arc nOI isohlcd Or Ullrdillcd phcnonicna. II is tragic that they arc located in Ihe regions of the third world where lhe mi1jority of counlrics gained lhcir indepcndcncc oiith rccenrly. They indicate a renewed trend in power rivalry and expansionism. This is. indeed. a dis~urhing dcvclopmem, marking a shift from rcspcct for the rule of law 10 the use of force in international relations. with an incvilahtc cscatation Of lhc arms riicc no longer ccmlincd lo the @X!il[ Powers,’ 100. The world economic sccnc is equally disquieting. Both the dcvcloping and the developed countries arc engaged in a prim battle. The developing countries arc battling against lhc prohlcms of poverty. hunger. disease and illiteracy and the induslrializcd coumries against those of inllarion. recession and unemployment. However. the least developed countries have been hordes1 hit by the presem economic crisis and are invot\Tcd in a desperate struggtc for their very survival. 101, The deteriorating economic and political siluation is also accompanied by a decline in human and moral values. The deaths of millions due 10 starvation and malnutrition do not seem to shock their fcltow human beings. Four liflhs of the world’s incomc is commnndcd hy a lilih of its population. Tragically enough. much of it is used either in supporting a tifc-style based on wasteful consumplion or on such unproductive purposss as the mnnufactureofncw and more deadly weapons of dcstruclion. I would not like to sound like a prophet of doom. 5111 if the world is allowed 10 driti and die political and economic crises become increasingly aggravated. rhe consequcnccs can1101 hut hc most dreadful. 102. The political. economic and moral crises facing the world of todav are at1 intcrtinkcd atld csscntialty form part of a larger crisis. embracing Ihe tolatity of altitudes. habits. values and institutions inherited by us. The causes of these crises are embedded in the very structure of a world order utterly unsuited 10 the ncvds of a changed world society. We live Ln & new world and a new cm, but still remain sheckkxl t&he l&bits. attitude! and i~titu~~ns &f fe by&one age> We arc members of;111 interdcpcndcnl intcrnalional community transformrd t7y ad~;iiic~s in xicncc and Ic~%n~dog! iid ItIc rcsurgcncr of lhc nations ii1 :\sia. :\lric;i and l.a\iri America. Our prc>blcni is csscnlially one of ;iLl,iusling ourscl\cs al Illc individual and n;ilion;il Icvcls IO lhc nc\\ rcalilic5. nc\Vgoals. new value> and 110, coiiccpl~ of ;I social. p~~lilical and economic or&r. more sccurc you arc. Bul rhc cscatation ofthcarms race has. ironically enough. created a silualion in which noneofthese great Powers can destroy the other without destroying itself. It is ahundanlly ctcar Uist the growing arsenal of deadly weapons does nor ensure security hut endangers it. while the mounting expenditure on arms which has already crossed the $500 billion mark poses an increasing threat to the economic security of the world through escalating inllation. recession and unemployment. 104. The conremporary world has clearly reached a new watcrshcd and is movinggradually hut inexorably towardsa new balance in the power configuration by replacing hipolarity with multipolarity and towards a new concept 01 peace which replaces isolation with interdependence and confrontation with co-operation. The problems facing mankind on the economic. political and moral fronts highlight the futility of 1letional policies based on a parochial and isolationist approach. Mankind has the resources and technology to deal effectively with these problems. As a matter of fact. the technical and tinancial resources of the world today are far greater that ever before. An enormous productivity potential remains undeveloped. What is needed. therefore. is a renewed commitment lo the philosophy of an indivisible and interdependent world and a global strategy for the application and management of world resources in harnessing and developing the productivity potential of the world on a global basis. 105. It is more evident than ever before that the problems plaguing both the developing and the industrialized countries are inrerlwined. that these problems cannot be resolved in isolation or through confrontation. But they can be rosolvcd through co-operation. a better perception of mutual needs. a more rational application of world resources to generate more productivity. more income. and a wider market with more goods and services to go round, curbing intlation and creating more employment. A reality that must be recognized is that the world cannot permanently be divided into segments of rich and poor, just as political and economic security cannot be divided on a regional basis. It should also be recognized that all benefit from peace and stability and a more rational use and distribution of the tlWd3 finite resources. IOh. The problems are clearly global in character and call for a gll1hal approach i111d stratcp!. Given such a global approach bnscd on miiluali~\- of intcrcsls and complcmcntaring of cflivls. lllil~~kiilJ can IX rid of the plobtcnis 01 himgcr. discasc and illitcriic! ttlal t7lil~llC IWO thirds Of tllC world populalion and those 111. inllalion. rcccssion and uncmplo~mcnl IhI hcdc\-il the induslrial nations. 107. In sum. in order lo cnhurc lhc political znd economic \ccuril> of mankind ~)n a global basis, lhc following mcasui-c\ arc lmpcrali\ c. IOX. t:irzl. ;III hlcmhcr Stalch 01’ 111~ Unilcd NilIioIls. including lhc indu51rial nations. should honour their comenforcing the rule of law in international relations. I IO. Thirdly. they should implement their commitment to the goal of disarmament. 1 I I. Fourthly. the great Powers themselves should set an example in checking nuclear prohferation by refraining from production of new nuclear weapons and by gradual reduction of their existing stock of such weapons. 112. Fifthly. they should follow the policy of creating zones of peace-for example, in the Indian Ocean. South Asia, South-East Asia, Africa and Latin America. 113. Sixthly, they should adopt and implement an internutional development strategy through a more rational USC and distribution of ~~orld resourrcs and technology for I’ull exploitation of the productivity potential in all parts of the world. 114. Seventhly, they should build up a food security system to ensure the supply of food from food-surplus regions to food-deficit ones. in order to prevent starvation and malnutrition, and also ensure the llow ofadequatc inputs to countries with potential for rapid agricultural development. 115. Eighthly, they should transfer resources to the least developed countries in the form of outright grants and investments in joint ventures. implement the Immcdiatc Action Programme for the least developed countrics” and adopt appropriate measures for the success of the United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries to bc held in 1981. 116. Ninthly, wi:hin the framework of economic cooperation among the developing countries. the surplus funds available to the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries [OPEC]. after meeting their own developmental needs, should be invested in other devclopinp countries. with priority assigned to the special needs of the Icast devclaped among them: in like manner, the more developed among the developing countries also assist in accelerating @NJ pace of development of the least developed countries; .@jtt_o&$ to eas@ the hrdahipofthe developing countries By-I& rise tn the oil p&es oil should be provided to the developing countries at conccssional rates and to the least devclopcd a~nonp them ;II half price. 117. Tenthly. in view 01’ the cncrgy &is. ;I!) inlcrnation;ll consorliuni sliould bc li)rmcd with aslri5lancc 1rom both Ihc industrial and the OPI<<‘ countric!, li)r exploration ~IIL~ development of cncrgy in the dcvclopinp countric\. 118. Elcvcnthly. during ~hc I’hird Ilnitctl Nation> i)c\-clopmcnt Decade. top priority 41011kl bc ;I\\igllctl I;> mccling 119. I‘wclfthly. in accordance with the l’u~~I;~rncn~;~l principlcs of the United Nations C’hartcr. special attention should bc paid to ~hc needs of women. children. youth and disabled penons. 120. Thirtccnthly. efforts should bc intcnsilicd to cradicatc the remnants of colonialism and racism. 121. I’ourtconthly. in view of the importance of tllc seabid rcsourccs to the developing countries, the elforts now under way for development and codilication of international law and a new universal convcnti*in governing the ocean regime should ensure II just and equitable sharing ol thcsc resources. including the sharing of the water of international rivers. 122. Fiftcenthly. the democratic principle ofcqualend full participation of all countries. including thedcvelopingones. in the formulation and implementation of decisions in all lields of international relations. should bc accepted. 123. The founding fathers of this Organizltion had a vision of a new future for the family of mankind and charted a path of progress for all. based on peace. freedom. justice. equality and human dignity. The challenge before us today is: can wc follow the path chartccl by them towards the goal of ;I new and just world political and economic order as envisaged by them’! Should Member States resolve to meet this challenge, we GIII have the pcacc. security and dcvclopmcnt that we seek. 124. I should like to conclude by rcitcrating the appeal 01‘ the Prcsidcnt of Bangladesh at the clcvcnth special session ol the General Assembly.’ 125. Let us approach the forthcoming global round ol negotiations in a spirit ofpartncrship and co-opcretion and with a full sense of our global obligations. Our future dep,cnds on the fruitl’trl outcomc of these negotiations.

I am happy tocxtcnd to you. Sir. on behalf of my delegation and in my own name. our congratulations and those of the Somali Government on your election to the presidency of this thirty-fifth session of the General Assembly. Your election is a fitting tribute to your country, the Federal Republic of Germany, and to your personal attributes of wisdom, scholarship and exprtise. My delegation assures you of its support and coopcr:ltion as you guide the deliberations of this session to rrtiition. 127. WC also wish to express our appreciation ol‘thc hard work ancl ouistanding ;rccoliiplishiilctits of your prcdcccsher. Ambassador Siilim. during his prcsitlcncy ol.thc thirtyli)urlh hcssioii ;intl ol.thc thrc~.spcci;il4c4\ioii\ over which hc prc5idcd clilri~ig IYXO. 1%. I L’;II~INI~ Iiril to nicnticln hcrc the tircIc>:, cl’l’cwls ol’lllc’ Sccrctary-( ic~~cral. MI,. Kurt Waldheim. it1 strengthcninp earn him the respect and gratitude of the in!crna!ional community. 129. It is always a pleasant duty to congratulate a valiant people on securing its independence and to welcome the accession of more States to membership of the Uniter; Nations. In the case of Zimbabwe we fully associate ourselves with the sentiments of other Member States which have preceded us in welcoming the assumption by Zimbabwe of its rightful place among the international community of nations. 130. My delegation also extends its most cordial good wishes to the Govermnent and people ofSaint Vincent and the Grenadines on their accession to independent nationhood and membership ofthc United Nations. Together with Zimbabwe they have brought the world Organization a further step closer to the goal of universality. I3 1. As Member States assess the progress made over the past year towards the peaceful solution of international problems and the realization of the objectives of the Charter, it can hardly be denied that the overall state of international affairs gives little cause for optimism. Once again we find ourselves sG.ed of issues that have preoccupied the international community before and continue to doso. with little hope of progress towards their resolution by way of the promotion of the aims and objectives of the Charter. Some of those problems have even been aggravated. which has resulted in situations adding further to our concern and preoccupation. Meanwhile. totdlly new crises have been created by the actions of certain Member States, in violation of the basic and fundamental principles enshrined in the Charter, thus bringing abou! heightened international !ension and serious threats to world peace and stability. 132. At present a grave and truly disturbing situation obtains in the Horn of Africa. Although that region has known little pcacc and stability over the past century. dcvclopmcnts during the last six years have greatly exacerbated the prevailing crisis. 133. In Somalia we continue to face the problem of deal- It@ ~4th the large refugee population in the workt. The WC%! refllgres currently being cared fat in and outside &i~ps has passed the one and a half million mark and continues to incrcasc steadily, with a dailg inllux ofucll OVC’I 1.000 rcfugccs arriving at carlips. Sincc wc wcrc ;ilrc;id! cxpericncing the difl’isultics rll‘ llii~lcrdc~clopniciit. \vorld inllation and na!ur;iI disaxtcrs. il can 1~ rcadil! undcr~tood that this rcfugcc problcni h;i5 [?lilCCll ;I quite iii!~llcr;iblc hurdcn on our couii!ry. 134. WC arc proli>undl~ gmtcful lilr lhc ;issist;incc rccrivctl tlircctly and through lhc inlcrnicdi;lr\- of!hc I liiilctl N;ltion~. Howcvcr. unless the inlcrnational rcsp<)nsc lo the \\orscning rcfugcc crisis is more I’oi~!hc.~~ming. Ihou~intls ~~l~~oiiicii iiiid children. \vho tiiakr up !hr hulk ol~llic rclligw3 iii S~liii;tliii. may ~.cIl die ofslar\-;i!ioii ;~iid dkisc iii llic war I~L~~III.I’. 1i.c li;iw IherrliJrc !o ;ippc;il li)r continircd :iml n101~c gclw~m 135. I! is paniculurly important that the international community should understand and insist upon just solulions of the underlying political problems which are the basic cause of the rclugcc shuation in the Horn of Africa. In the cast of Wcstcrn Somalia the refugees are fleeing from !hcir home% bccausc of the oppression and persecution to which they arc subjected and because of the ravages of the unjus! war which ha\ been waged against the people by the ruling cliqucx m Addis Ababa ever since their attempts at colonisation at the end of the last and during the present ccntur\ . 1.36. By a combination of mass extermination, forcible expulsion end the total destruction of all means of livelihood, the present Ethiopian regime seeks to depopulute Western Somalia completely. The aim behind that Fascist scheme is to bring about a total transformationoftheethnic and demographic composition of the territory in question and to achieve a final solution by transplanting other nationalities to take their place. all under the guise of resettling so-called displaced persons. The international community has already condemned the barbarousand inhuman policies of those in power in the Ethiopian empire. who have fully carned the abysmal human rights record for which they are notorious. Such diabolical plans must be opposed not only bv virtue of our humanity and sense of morality but also in view of !hc dirt conscquenccs which similar attempts have evoked in the past. 1.77. The rcfugcc tragedy throughout the entire north-east of Africa is an outward manifestation of the aggressive and truculcm stand on the part of the Addis Ababa regime in its vain efforts to confron! its internal and external problems with naked l’orcc. Unable to suppress the intensifying liberation struggles. they have in desperation facilitated direct militar! intcrvcntion by the Soviet Union. a Power which has. particularI\ rcccntly. nchicved notoriety for itsexploitation of such situations. By arming its client State on a massive scale and by using surrogate forces, the Soviet Union has succeeded in gaining strong bases of operation for the advancement of its over-all political, economic and strategic ambitions in a sensitive area. which commands the commercial lanes of the Red Sea, the lndirn Ocean and the Anbiarr Gulf. 138. l‘ht unwarranted intervention has been at the cxpcii>c of !ho\c \!ill 5trupplinp lo assert their rights 10 hell-Jc!criiiin;i!i~)ii and imlcpcndcnw: i! has encouraged intr;insipcnw and pcrwtcnt colotii;~libni 011 lh part of the cruc’l Lyiiiic iii :\ddi\ i\h;ih;i and Ii;15 totall! I’rustraicd cvcry ;iwiuc \\-liicli might othctwihr li;ivc Icd to ;1 ,just rcsolulion 01‘ the prol~l~111~ 01. tllc Horn 01‘ Africa through ncpo!iation. Indeed. !hc pwc‘c. s!;ihili!! and xcurity or Stales and peoplcs !hroughou[ !hc region arc ill jcop;lrdy. No State is c;lpablc ol’lil~illg \lICIl ;I ~h;lll~llp~ ;Ilollc. Covcrnnicnls must pla! lllr roic cslx~!cd 01. tlicii~ h> their pcoplc and by the iiitsrn;lti~~n;il coniniuni!!. By \.irluc of Ihcir commitmen! itiidci. !hc (‘h;ir!cr to 5;ilcgu;ird in!crn;ilional pcacc and \kwri!!. lilt*! arc ~~hliyd !r> tah~all 111~ iicw~wi~ prccatilions. his statement on 23 September. For the record. I can assure this Assembly that no agreements. recent or otherwise. made by my Government have ever permitted foreign military bases to come into being in our country. Morcovor. it ill behoves the Soviet Govcrnmcnt to sit in moral judgemcnt on Somalia where the question of bases is conccrncd. 140. It is a well-known fact that the Soviet Govcrnmcnt is for ever striving to establish a network of military bases in the Horn of Africa. the Red Sea. the Indian Ocean and elsewhere. No less than three Soviet naval hascs have been established, in agreement with the colonialists in Addis Ababa. at the Eritrean ports of Massawa and Assab and on the Dahlak Islands in the Red Sea. All this is in addition to the unfettered use of military and civil airports in Ethiopia for the furtherance of Soviet hegcmonism. 141. Soviet-led intervention apart. I must re-emphasizc that the problems of the Horn of Africa have one root cause and one alone. I refer ot’course to persistent colonialism on the part of Abyssinia. Despite its so-called socialist revolution. the regime in Addis Ababa has never abandoned its attempts to enslave the peoples of Western Somalia. Eritrea. Tigr& Oromia and Abbo. Ahyssinian colonial activity in these territories is historically unquestionable, just as it is illegal and immoral. In this age of emancipation. when the wind of freedom has swept across almost the length and breadth of the African continent. the rise to arms by subject peoples is historically inevitable and demands the undcrstanding, encouragement and support of all who cherish freedom and liberty in this world. 142. The dangerous combination of militarism. foreign intervention. confrontation and instability is but a conscquence of the forcible denial of the inalienable rights ofthcsc peoples to self-determination and to shape their own dcstiny. While such a situation continues. international peace and security remain in grave danger. My Govcrnmcnt. ol course. continues to be readv and willing to discuss the problems of the Horn of Aiica with the partics directly concerned and fully supports the principle of the right of all peoples to self-determination and emancipation. 143. Most unfortunately. as the Chairman of the OAU g@ntQd ot# in hlr sttetqfent to the @sembly on 14 Septemk%& th3 ~~~~1 ttwlftg ofttie Cm34 tX%eii ~~rn~tt~ on the Ethiopia-Somalia dispute has not “been suc~~asf‘ul and. il’anvthing. tension appears to have increased of late” (&A me&q, pun/. 621. I‘ltc rcit~o~n lijr lliis I:dilurc arc only IOO cIc:~r. I II it< dclihcrations. ihc C’omniiltcc litilcd IO lake into ;ICCOLII~~ 1lic Icgitinialc rights 01‘ lllc pcoplc 01 Wchlcrn Soniali;l Ihcmsclve\. which. ;ilicr all. conslilulc the crux 01’ tlic inattcr. Surprisingly. llicy aI\0 lllilctl lo rcilcralc 1llc well-known OALJ po9i1ion 11~11 IOrcigIl l’orccs should rcl.rain l’roni iiitcrvciition iii Alrica’\ iiilcrnal prohlcm\. 144. I’hc al~~r~iiiiig lrull~ is tli;rc 1l~ccoloIii~rI cliqitciii Addis Abaha has no intcrcst in tilkinp such constructive s~cps :I\ would rcducc lension but 11;1~ cmharkcd instcatl on ;I pall1 01. increasing escalation which is currciilly iilvolving 1701 only the opprc~d l~~~l~lc~ 01 Wcstcrn Somalia hu1 111~ Sondi Somalia. A most blatant and recent example was on 27 August, when a fully motorizcd force supported by tanks. artillery and lighter planes invaded my country. The encroaching columns penetrated into our territory at points along the de ficro border in the north-eastern part of the country, causing in the process much wanton destruction 01 life and property. However, the Somali armed forces compelled them to retreat. It is quite clear. howcvcr, that the Ethiopian warmongering Icadcrship has failed to Iearn from this experience. A further act of aggression by their land forces took place even more rccontly near the town of Dolo. and the town of let has been bombed and strafed from the air. Mr. Rithauddeett (Malaysia)S Vie-Prp.ridettt, took the Chair. 145. Similar acisofmilitary barbarity arc committcddaily against other colonizcd peoples currently struggling under the Abyssinian yoke. To cite one pertinent example. the people of Eritrea. whose national status has hecn recoynized by the United Nations and whose right IO self-determination was the very basis of the federation with Ethiopia rccommended by this Assembly and cstablishcd in 1952 [resolulions 390(V) and 617(W)]. only IO be contemptuously cast aside by that same colonialist rdgimc. have been compelled, like the Western Somalis. IO take up arms in defence of their rights. The world cannot afford to ignore such liberation struales. not only because they are just and legitimate but also because the conflicts in the Horn of Africa, like those in South-East Asia and the Middle East. provide an opportunity for the spreading of new imperialism and hegemony. 146. Indeed. liberation struggles arc the natural response of the peoples of Africa wherever vcstigcs of the colonial past linger on. This is as true in southern Africa asit is in the north-east. It is the duty of us all to support and encourage emancipation in Africa and elsewhere until it is achieved totally, and the few surviving colonial and oppressive rdgimes. irrespective of their colour or creed, arc dumpd into the dustbin of history. I have referred to the joyous celebration by the Government and people ofSomalia ofthe resounding victory of the peqle ofzimbabwe. In the meantime we Meet mx only cm the ptwbkms af tho Wawn !%maiis and the Erlfnans but on the cireumstetxes whioh keep the people of Namibia under illegal. racist and pcrsistciil colonial tlonlir~illior~ and wliic!, ;~l~oslIl~jccl Ihc mjorily 01‘ lhc pcold~~ 01’ Soulh Africa lo the indignily and lhc inhuiiianily 01’ aparlheitl. 147. OvcI, Illc pilsl live years tllc IItIIllcr0Lis tlltini;~lilnis dircclcd to Soti~li Africa by lhc Sccurily c’ouncil on 1lic qtIcs1ioIl ol’NaInibi;l have so l;Ir ~CCII Ilot11ctl with inlpuni~~~ hy Ihc Ininority rtigiiiic. SoIlIll Africa IlilS IxcIl ;Ihlc 10 buy 1iInc liar its t~I;l~llina1ioII~. My Ciovcrt111Ic1~1 SII;IIVS 1lIc liustratlon 01’ 1hc vast Ill;Iiorily 01. Mcmhcr SMICS ;IS ncgotialion5 011 111~ Wcsimi propm;IIs arc Iickl up 011 one prclcxl 01 ano1licr. while iii Ihc miiic liiiic llic HolIla rCpimc persists in ib plam 10 cs1ablisll its p~ppc~s iI1 Nanlibi;l ;IIKI 10 IiItIIlcI1 148. Within South Africa itself the so-called guardians ol Wcslcrn civili.za\ion steadily descend to new and more barbarous depths. The rcccnt clubbing. tear-gassing, imprisonment and even masacrc of school children protesting at sub-standard education surpass in horror the callous murder of hundreds of men and women 81 Sharpcville. MyGovernmerit is convinced that the last bastions of racism and persistent colonialism in southern Africa whi be eliminated. Somnlia strong!:, supports the international consensus that mandatory sanc:ions against South Africa under Chapter VII ol’the Charter are smincntly justilicd and constitute an essential weapon in the srrugglc against colonialism and racism in southern Africa. 149. I shall now address mysell‘to a problem of particular concern IO us all in terms of its relevance to the enduring validity of basic rights and lieedoms enshrined in the Charter and its even graver implications for international peace and security-namely, the Palestinian question. It is quite clear that on the core issues of Palestinian nationhood and self-dctcrmination. Israel continues in arrogant defiance to thwart all international clfort. Its contempt for the norms of international law and morality is illustrated by the acccleralion of its expansionist and annexationist policies in the ,occupied tcrritorics and its frequent ac’h of aggression against Lebanon. 150. The extent to which Israel is prepared IO go in its quest for the rcaliwtion ol‘ its expansionist dreams is evidenced by its recent attempt at formalizing the illegal annexation of the Holy City of Jerusalem and declaring it IO be the capital if Israel. Wc are convinced that strict adhrrence to the letter and spirit of cardinal principles guaranteeing basic and l’undamcntal rights enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations. as well as to the relevant decisions ol’ the General Assembly and of the Security Council, is the only basis for a just. equitable and durable peace. In practical terms. this calls for appropriate action by the international community IO compel Israel to withdraw from all occupied Arab lands and lo &sure Palestinian sell’-determination and statehood. My delegation takes this opportunity to reaffirm its ff3 the implmmrrtatlon .~~-~~ _ .-.. a member of the Ad Hoc Committee which is currently scizcd of this important matter. WC arc in favour of the holding ol’lhc projcclcd conltircncc 011 iho lndiun Ocean. to hc hrld in Sri Lanka in 19x1. II ~nust bc pointed wt. IloWCVCI.. IIl;ll lllc IilLlllilblC ol$xXivcs 0l‘tllCCOl~~UcllC~ Cilll bc UCliicvcd only WIICIl lllc lixws 0I’lllC J$lLYll PWVcl3--ilid. I would slrcss. llws~ 0l‘;ill Ilk+ slrrroF;llCs-ri’clu~ii 10 llicii own Coi~iilrics illlll CCiISC ohslriicling lhr Icgilinmlc dcsircs and. in s,mlC ilislanccs. slrugglcs. 01’ lhc illhill~itanls 01’ lhc region to liw in pwcc i\lltl fluxkw and lo dclctxiinc lheil own dcslitiy. 152. Ii~~ccd. in swcri~l iircx 01‘ llic world. dihpulcs 01 long-sk~ncliiig duriltion rcniain unsclllcd iind nc\k onc5 bcconic c~itrc~iclicd also. in p;irl hccausc <)I’ lhc prcwncc 01 lbrces f’rom Alkhanistan and Cambodia is an essential prerequisite for the creation of a climate of peace and international security in Indo-China and Wesi Asia. 153. There can only be alarm and despondency over the lhilurc of’ the nuclear Powers to make any real progress towards disarmamem. Untold wealth and vast and valuablebut nevertheless tinite-resources are being squandered annually in the name of defence. but actually on the refinemcnt of the concepts of”ovcr-kill”, the further dcvclopment of sophisticated armaments and nuclear weapons and ever larger stockpiles. The arms razz is undoubtedly one of the links in the chain of cause and elrect which involves confusion in the international monetary system. spiralling inflation. protectionism on the part of the major industrial Powers, the decline of world trade and adverse terms and sharp increases in trade deficits for thedevelopingcountriesnot to mention a steady reduction in development aid. 154. It remains a fact. however. that the only real defence against utter chaos must be the bridging-not the wideningof the dangerous abyss now yawning between developed and developing nations-between North and South. Alarming predictions already current on levels of world hunger in the year 2,000 are a grim reminder, if one were needed. My Government therefore urges wealthy and industrialized countries to pledge resources and energies that have to date been devoted to the destructive arms race to the promotion of development. in the conviction that thus only can a new chain ofevents beset in motion which will be beneficial toall nations and which will ensure world peace and progress. 155. For these and other reasons. progress on the world economic scene has been very modest indeed over the past decade. Meanwhile. the population of our planet continues to increase. Beset as we in the developing world are by the adverse economic trends I have described, and by theeffects of the ever increasing price of oil. we recognize most clearly the urgent need for the adoption of new and wider measures. This has been suggested by the Secretary-General on IS Scptembe?” at the conclusion of the eleventh special session of the Assembly which discussed our critical economic situetion and agreed in consensus on a text for an International Developmm! Strategy ~~ for the Third United Nsticm &‘I; !k+ti assistuncc 10 the lcast dcvcloped countries [resolutions S- I I/3 ml s-i l/4]. 156. Morcovcr. particularly in view 01‘ thr licl that the goals and ob.iCctivrs 4 thr SCco!xi United Nations Dcvclopmeiit IhxlC rcinaiii larpcly unl’i~ll’illcd. it is imperative thet wc Iohc no lime in coninicncing thr rcstrucluring ol’ the illlClYlilliWol ccoil,wic ,)NlC~. WC CUllllOl COllCCill OUI cslrcinc iiis;il)v”iiiliiiciiI over lhc I~iilurc ol’lhe lilih session ol’I~NC’l‘AD and 111c I;luiicliin~ofplohal ncgotialions relating lo inlcrn;ilion~il co-opcriiliori lix tlcvclopnicnt. It must IX ;Idn~itlcd 111iIl ~hc group ~~l’counlrics lhl IlUs the advanhelp developing countries over the next few years. Its basic programme of action for the 1980s can provide the less favoured among the international community with at lcast a minimum in the lields of nutrition, health. housing. communications, education and employment. 157. Such issues are particularly urgent for countries which, like my own. from time to time suller from natural disasters and longer term problems such as descrtilication. yet must also face all the problems of inllation and rising prices. It is still not too late for the steps recommended to be put into effect. in order that the Strategy for the new International Development Decade be implemented to the ultimate benetit-and indeed the very survival-of all mankind. 158. Mt. MUZENDA (Zimbabwe): On behalf of the President of the Republic of Zimbabwe, His Excellency Comrade Canaan Banana. the Prime Minister, the Honourable Comrade Robert Mugabe and the people of Zimbabwe. I salute all here and wish to convey to all the greetings and good wishes of the people of Zimbabwe. I am grateful for this opportunity to address this great Assembly of the world. I am overwhelmed by the occasion and the realization that I take my place today in this thirty-fifth regular session of the General Assembly for the first time as leader ofa delegation from the duly constituted sovereign Government of Zimbabwe. 159. On behalf of my country and delegation and on my own behalf, I wish to congratulate Ambassador von Wechmar and his country upon his election to the very distinguished office of President of this body. I have no doubt in my mind that he will discharge his duties diligently and with the efficiency that has characterized his official performances and has led this entire body and his sponsors to acclaim him their choice as President of theGeneral Assembly at its thirty-fifth session. 160. My country and I share his strong beliefs as indicated in his opening speech [Isr meering] regarding his positive bias for equality of mankind and peaceful coexistence among and between nations and his faith in the United Nations ability and potential to find solutions to problems that are brought before it. I wish him personally and the @@era! Republic of Germany a successful term of offtce in ~=~~~-~~ &:I-&ill .tblttSI-flRlr.seasi *.-i i *z; .- 161. I take this opportunity, too, to express my country’s and my own appreciation and gratitude to my brother. colleague and personal friend, the Honourable Ndugu Salim Ahtned Salim of the United Republic ofTanzania. fol the very high standard he has set for the oflice of President 01 the General Assembly during his term ofollice. The I’air but lirm manner. relentless initiative and zeal to achieve global equality. pcacc and tranquillity which charactcrizcd his term of oflice have made for his country and for t!,e IJnitcd Nations numerous friends and given hope to oppressed peoples. the starving nations and those in ill health that one day solutions to their problems will be found. Ndugu Salitn Ahmcd Salim. my country is proud of your leadership. The United Nations. This has already been expressed by many a rcprescntativc. 162. My delegation and I extend our sincerecompliments. respect and appreciation to the Secretary-Gcneral of the United Nations I’or his distinguished service to mankind and for his total impartiality in the discharge of his duties. I should like to thank the Secretary-General for sparing his highly demanded time to attend the Zimbabwe independence celebrations in my countrv in April of this year. during which time he was familiarized with our reconstruction and resettlement priorities. 163. I should like to wclcomc and congratulate our brother State. the Islands of Saint Vincent and the Grcnadints. through its Prime Minister. the Honourable Mr. Cato, upon its momentousadmission to the United Nations on I6 September. We congratulate it further on the attainment of its independence and wish it well in the pursuanceofitsstate and international obligations. In welcoming our brothers from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, I should like IO reiterate. on behalf of my country which also is a new mcmbcr of this body, that we have tremendous respect for the Members of the United Nations. We adhere to the principles and objectives of the Charter of the United Nations, and we shall try to the best of our ability to work for the reali&on of those objcctivcs. 164. As everyone is aware. our struggle for liberation was a long and costly enc. During the long years of armed confrontation. thousands of lives were lost. Our people in the rural areas suffered untold hardships. Many were uprooted from their homes, and their normal lift was disrupted. About a quarter of a million Zimbabweans left the country and created refugee sit;lations in neighbouring countries. notably Botswana. Mozambique and Zambia. Over half a million people were hcrdcd by enemy forces into so-called “protected villages” similar to the”hamlets” of the Vietnamese war. These protected villages became riddled with starvation and disease. Many more people took refuge in our cities and towns. where they created shanty conditions. The economy of the country, which was placed on a war footing by the illegal rCgime which spent I.3 million Zimbabwe dollars per day on the war, was disrupted. In addition, our economy was geared to serving the needs of the white miwrity and foreign interw, to the virtual cxclutk~~dthc Africa d--rcernmh,- ~S.~~~~ I .~~:~t‘ f3cxmde restructuring and equitable redistribution of our national wcal1h. 165. In lhc process of reconstruction. rc~ctllcnicnl and ccononiic restructuring. WC arc dctcrniincd to correct this colonial and war lcgacv. We have advanced our intention to build a non-r;14 society and WC intend to oflir economic opportunities to all Zimhabwcans w the basis ol’cquali.~. My Prime Minister h;ls stated on several occasions that we arc rcsolvcd to build an egalitarian ;ind hocialisl society in Zirnhabwc. taking into consideration the objcc:ivc cconomic condilions ol’a capitalist economy that hasexistcd Ibr 90 ycarh during lhc coIoni;il era. who have helped us in the pesr. We seek asistancc from those who might have doubted our true intentions and who by now. must surely bc in no doubt that the ZANU” Government wants to build a non-racial society based on democratic principles. the rule of law and the will of the majority. I am sure many Member States have already read the report of the Secretory-General of the United Nations.” pursuant lo Security Council resolution 460 (1979). which highlights some of my country’s reconstruction and rcsettlcmcnt priorities. I should like to thank Mr. Kurt Waldheim, on behalf of my Government and the people ofZimbabwe. for so ably outlining our reconstruction problems in search of linancial and material assistance. 167. I feel honoured in addressing this Assembly bccausc it has been with the moral. political. diplomaticand material support of the members of this great body that we have attained our independence. They have supported a noble and mighty cause. a cause of greatness, and that support has enabled us to end I5 ycan of unilateral declaration of indepcndcncc and 90 vcars of foreign domination. racism and economic cxploitaiion. It is only lilting, thcrciorc. that I pay a tribute to at leagt some of the nations or regions which have participated in our noble cause. 168. First of all. thcrc is our special relationship with the United Kingdom. As the former colonial Power. Britain has a relationship with us which was originally imposed on us but which, happily. has become one of mutual bcnclit. The United Kingdom has now bccomc the single largest donor to our country. although. as my Prime Minister has pointed OUI several times, the magnitude of that aid falls far short of what we had expected. We have not forgotten that it was through the good oiliccs of the present British Government that the Lancaster House ogrccmcnt was [cached. culminating in our electoral victory and indcpcndcncc. 169. Britain has sponsored our country’s association with the European Economic Community [EECJ. and that gcsture is greatly apprcciatcd. While Zimbabwe values the bilateral rclalions which exist and which will bedevclopcd. it is very much aware ofthc benefits 10 be gained from association with the EEC. II is hoped that relations between the African. Caribbean and Pacilic Group and the EEC will progress IO the stage where we can participate as equal partners, not only asa source ofraw materialsand recipients @F&id. f~~~l.:~ -- !%- Zitibakti& perhaps kv accldcnt tethc~ than by design. has hccomc ;I suhstankl manufacturer of primary and intermediate goods. ilnll even of home linishcd produck. 13ccauhc ~l’llic~~ivcr~il~ ofirq a~ricultt!ral ilnd mineral producis. Zimhab\\c aspires to hcconw--and has ;I gwld chance of hecoming-also ;I ma nt~li~cttuv~ of some signilic’anc‘c 01. lini~hcd ailicIc5. WC have no dcsirc lo remain a mere exporter 01’ primary producls hut are anxious lo coopsraic \vith Europe ;Illd !7llillT hOnlC 01’ 0111‘ ~IhUlld~l~l~ resource\ in rctllrtl liir Cilpitill g0dS ad tCcllllOl0p~. markcls 11 our economy is to improve and keep pace with population and society pressures. We believe the EEC is aware of this desire on the part of Zimbabwe and of other developing nations. 171. The present United Siatcs Administration has played no mean pati in contributing to the birth of Zimbabwe through1 its diplomatic endeavours, and I’wish to thank it most sincerely, as well as the black and progressive white solidarity groups. While we sincerely thank the United States Government for its linancial contributions to the development and reconstruction of our country since indcpcndencc. we realizc that the amount of aid which has been committed is much less than we had been led to expect once a solution to our liberation struggle had been found. Wcarc aware that there is an economic recession in the United States of America, but we arc also aware that some of the reluctance to help us emanates from some misinformed and pessimistic forces which arc influential in the legislative process of this country.’ It is our intention to throw more light on our Government’s policies for the benefit of such forces. 172. I am aware of Canada’s sound reputation in Africa, where it is admired for its “no strings attached” aid to the continent. and my Government looks forward to a closer and even more fruitful relationship with Canada. 173. We wish to thank the working class in particular and the people in general of the Federal Republic of German) and other Western European nations for their overall material. political. moral and diplomatic support through their humanitarian and solidarity groups and certain ideologically compatible organizations. We further wish to thank all relevant non-governmental organisations and religious bodies in the Federal Republic of Germany and other Western European nations for helping us convince their respective Governments of the correctness of the cause of our libcration struggle in Zimbabwe. We are pleased IO note that after our independence the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany became one of the first countries to offer financial assistance through soft loans totalling%17 million. Since the Federal Republic of Germany is known to be a country that follows up its promises with concrete action, we look forward to u warm and lasting relationship. We an aware of germany’s reputation for technical achievement and ho @it 94 call,l~fi~hll~ +yg&tJf~~%J!!~ ttpm t. _..- - .c. r gi-; T 174. We wish to extend our deepest thanks and gratitude to the Governments and pcoplcs of bociaiisf countries fol Ihcir unwavering support of the just cause of the pcoplc of Zimhabwc during the liberation struggle. That support was translated inky all li)rms. but particularI!: imo material and technological li)rms. Wc shall maintain and strcnglhen our links with IIICSC our friends in nerd and in &cd. Among ~hc 5ocialihl coun1ries soiii~~ dcscrvc special nicnlion. in particular lhr Pcopl~‘s Republic of China. the Dcmocralic I’coplc’s Republic of Korea. Yugoslavia and Romania. Our idt~ological conipa~ibilit~ with Ihoxe naiions is a legacy of socialism \vhich binds 115 topthcr in a one-class brotherhood and lllU5t IX jCillOllSl~ pVOtcclcd. ctlllailCcd md maintained. Denmark and Norway for their genuine and sincere sup port. We hope to continue these ties to the mutual benelit ol ourselves and the countries involved. 176. With regard to American States. my people are truly aware of the moral support of those progressive groups in Central and South America which have contributed unllinchingly to the liberation struggle of Zimbabwe. Their brotherly endeavours on our behalf are even more appreciated when we realize that they have fought in the past and even today are themselves fighting a number of insidious and oppressive regimes in their own region. My Government has friendly contacts with a number of legitimate Governments in the area: namely. Guyana, Nicaragua. Brazil, Jamaica. Cuba and Grenada among others. Let it be noted that we will not tolerate contact with reactionary and oppressive rigimes in the continent. With poverty. racial prejudice and social and economic injustice endemic in those areas. my country will continue to identify with the oppressed through international bodies and diplomatic channels until they are truly liberated. 177. It is not easy to express the gratitude, appreciation and thanks of my Government and our people to theOAU. the Co-ordinating Committee for Liberation Movements in Africa of the OAU and the front-line States. Their consistency and the enormousness of the sacrilices which they and their people made in so many domains on our behalf defy words. There is no doubt that the victory of the people of Zimbabwe against colonialism, oppression, racism and exploitation of man by man is also the victory of Africa against the same forces. We salute the friendship and sup port that we received from the front-line States of Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia as well as from the Governments of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and socialist Ethiopia. Those States gave us the most valuable assistance during our liberation struggle and continue to afford us assistance as we embark on a new era as an independent and sovereign State. As the Assembly will be aware. Zimbabwe was admitted as the newest Member ol the OAU. and I am glad to note that the closest consultation and co-operation exist between the United Nations and the OAU. That happy state of afTairs will undoubtedly beof the greatest benefit to Africa and the world. Few aspects of .mtifc Y W=mmic aMt ~~m!f?g!d d~ctpmnr ~~t;~~~~.~~~~~~f~~; it 8te&@ li+ed’ihai the United Nations and the speciaiited agencies WIII continue to work togcthcr in all ticlds where there is a common interest. 178. The OAU is the corner-stone ol.%imbabwc’s activities on the continent 01‘Al’rica. Within the framework ol’thc OAU we arc detcrmincd to develop ~hc best ol’ relations with those of our neighbours who cncountcr the smc conditions and problems as WC do and who 4ia1.e a similar outlook on developments alfccting our region. 179. It is my Government’s desire to bring about the closest co-operation with Icllow lront-line States alld with others in the region. like Lesotho. Swaziland and Maiawj. in with all due deference. because it has been reached over the relatively short period since WC gained our independence and it has been conlirmed by other Ie;tdcrsofcouiitricsclose to us who are more expcricnccd than we arc. Until quite recently, most countries in the southern part of Africa have been developing independently of each other. In consequence. communications and trade have been developing along separute lines; the light against poverty. famine and disease has also been developing along separate lines. without much regard for the interests of other countries that might be similurly alrected. There has. of course. been little alternative. Zimbabwe was politically and economically isolated until we becume indcpcndent. and thcrc are still countries which are physically separated from each other beciluae they ure embedded in aparr/tcidSouth Africa. Ncvcrtholesa. it is imperative that we should pool our resources and Stan to think about working through common institutions. In this direction, my country is encouraged by the Southern Africa Development Co-ordination Conference. which held a summit conference at Lusaka last April and a ministerial meeting in Zimbubweut the boginninpofSeptclnbcr. In that respect, some very concrete results are expected in the way 01’ regional development. 180. I do not have IO remind the Assembly that. through initiatives such as that. Zimbabwe’s dcpcndcncc on ports in and supply routes through South Africa can in the long run be reduced. At the moment. howsvcr.;tltliougIi my<iovcrnmrnt has sevcrcd diplomatic relations with South Al’rica. Zimbabwe’s dependence on those routes is absolute. in spite of new routes that are becoming available to the Indian Ocean ports in MoxAmbiquc. The attitude of Zimhahwr is that we align ourselves whole-hcartedly with those who wish to see an end to the oppressive system ofaparfhci~lthat has been erected in South Africa. We shall support those forces which have hccn formed for the purpose of combining the efforts of those who are working to promote change in South Africa. Wc believe it is our revolutionary dut! to render unflinching support to our oppressed class hrother4 and s&s in South Africa. 181. We shall therefore tight vigorously within the framework of the OAU to end apartheid: we pledge our assistance to the legitimate liberation movements of South Alrica, the African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress, in their just struggle to end apartheid and create a gcawiclal society in that troubkd country. AparrhekI in ~~~~h~[~~~~~~~8 <fir&t to.the stabifif) of the southern as to the stability of all Africa. It is. indeed. 21 threat to world peace. There can never bc compromise bc~wecn upar/hcid and Ihc aspiralions ol‘the oppressed pcoplcs 0fSoulh Africa and independent Africa, just as thcrc can not bc true and satisfying indepcndencc for Zimbabwe until thcrc ih reaI independence for the oppresbcd peoples 01‘ South Africa. Confrontation of unimaginable magnitude is in store ln the minority racist whites in Soulh Al’rica who want to prcscrvc the evil social system in that country. WC bclicvc the light against aparrheid ib just. and lhal victory over ~~pcrrllrckl is certain. ,just as it Was in Mozambique. Angola and Zimbabwc. and therd‘orc the struggle IINISI continue until all Africa is tibcratcd. General to bring that country to indcpcndencc. Once again. we deplore the delaying 1ac11cs of~hc South Alrican rbgime on that issue. WC salulc thr efforts ofSWAP0. the authentic representative of Ihe Namibian people, 10 liberate Namibia and we pledge our militant solidarity with the people ol Namibia. In the same spirit ol‘co-operation with rhc United Nations. Zimbabwe is ready and willing to do cvcrything possible to facilitate Ihe application of Security Council resolution 435 (1978) to settlc the Namibian conllict. 183. Although the struggles for indcpendcncc arc more evident in South Al’rica and Namibia, there arc other arcas on the continent where the people are oppressed and are dcnicd the most fundamental of human rights. My Government supports the principle of self-determination and ap plies Ihat support in every case where it is apparent that a pcoplc has been placed under alien domination. For that reason, we recognize the justice of the struggle by the people of the Democratic Sahraoui Arab Rcp&lic unde; their authentic and revolutionarv leadcrshin. the POLKARIO” Front: similarly. wc suppoit the PL6 in its elti,rts IO gain recognition for the right of the Palestinians to an indcpcndent existence. WC bclievc that. in the same way that Israel has fought for its cxistcncc as a nation. Israel should itself recognize the rights ofothers. Wccondcmn unreservedly the transl& of the capital of Israel to the ancient city of Jerusalem. 184. We wish to express our solidarity with the people of East Timor and their liberation forces of the FRETILIN” independence movement which arc waging a just struggle for self-determination. Similarly. we wish the people ot Latin America well. in their eltbrts a1 securing truly popular governments. social and economic independency and advancement. As they have not failed to support us in our hour 01 need. they should know that our support is always there. I am proud to inform the Assembly that a number of libcration movements from Central and South America were represented at our independence celebrations and that the ties of solidarity continue to develop. 185. WC need not over-emphasize the fact that the existence of oppressive systems is a constant threat to international peace and security. We are therefore resolved that freedom and social and economic progress should come to a!! .peop!es q?d countries. The denial of this freedom, and &wf-ra_lial ~~~~~~l~~~~-~~~~ the ffm wwl grow alo torIoiofi, t??adks &Id ~~~l~y [hat arc threatening our international community today. I X6. Rcgardinp super-Power ri\alry.so li~~aaZi~dx~l~~ is conccrncd. \YC. in COII~IIN~ with a large numhrr 01‘ oIl101 countries. strongly oppose any foreign intcrfcrcncc by an\ country in the affairs ol’anothcr as il violatioii of our Char- (cr. We arc convinced lhal il is not hy mililary iIlli;IllCCS(. growing number of refugees in the world, particularly when they leave their own countries because of foreign domination and oppression. 187. Naturally, we welcome the breakthrough on the law of the sea recently reported by the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and we hope that the Convention will permit harmonious relationships among and between nations that exploit the deep sea-bed. Naturally. we also support the concept of disarmament by the two super-Powers and their associates. We urge those nations that are spending billions of dollars on developing and merchandising weapons of mass destruction to review their policies and change them. 188. It is our strong belief that the billions of dollars spent on offensive weapons should be diverted to economic development projects-which have a direct bearing on the improvement of the quality of human life-rather than devoted to preparing for the destruction of human life. 189. The Government of Zimbabwe is totally opposed to those who want 10 spread the danger of confrontation in a nuclear war to the Indian Ocean by establishing bases and introducing vessels carrying nuclear weapons into the area. We believe the Indian Ocean should be left as a nuclear-free zone and a zone of peace. 190. I cannot conclude my speech without congratulating this great Assembly for its insight and commitment 10 the establishment of a New International Economic Order that led to the holding of the eleventh special session, devoted lo economic issues, which has just ended. It would definitely be a misapprehension for any country lo think that it can survive in isolation, no matter how priviledged it is economicaliy. As a country returning from economic isolation, we cannot over-emphasize this point. I9 I. The grim truth of today’s economy is that if one part of the world goes down economically. it drags others with it. Thw. ir is not a question of the prosperous helping those who are less or not prosperous, merely out of the generosity of their hearts. It is evidence of enlightened self-interest to pns OfttIe work4 Buffer ccrwwmtcauy, .*&&#g -~-~.~~- ii&al economy. drag& even the prtiperous nationi aiih them. roatize that if soma i@w 192. In conclusion, permit nit to Xpeilt that we are committed to the noble principles and purposes ofthis body and 1l1a1 we will be guided by those principlesand purposes in all our deliberations. WC look forward IO enthusiasGc participation in Ibc activities of the United Nations and its agcncics. 193. l’hc PRESIDENT: The reprcsentativc of Ethiopia wishes to speak in exercise of tbc right of reply. May I remind members that. in accordatlce with General Assctnbly decision 34/401, statements in exercise of the right 01

The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Somalia has, in a characteristic manner. attempted to divert the attention of this Assembly from rhe issues at hand by once again reverting to the worn-out clichis of his Government designed solely to promote its irredentist policy of territorial aggrandizement and expansion at the expense of its neighbours. 195. He has attempted to deny the obvious, to suppress facts which do not accord with the irrational lixations of his Government and has continued the incredible series of historical falsifications in a futile attempt shamclcssly to prcsent my country as a colonizer. 196. It is an cstablishcd fact that, throughout history. Ethiopia has had to struggle against colonialists and impcrialists. The warS it fought against the various colonial Powers to maintain its indepcndenceand territorial integrity are all vividly recorded in history. Ethiopia’s vigorous anticolonialist and anti-imperialist policy is also a mauer ot record that requires no further elaboration. 197. Consequently, SUC:I a manifestly absurd allegation does not even deserve any refutation. 198. The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Somalia has also referred to the principle of self-determination. For his information, that principle was never intended or stipulated to bc an instrument of subversion. aggression. expansion or territorial aggrandizemcnt. 199. Somalia has resorted to a self-serving, distorted and adulterated interpretation of the principle of self-determination to advance its well-known expansionist ambitions. These ambitions, which are the declared and ultimate goal of all its endeavours, are encrusted in all its national symbols. It is in pursuit of this hallucination of conquest and grandeur that Somalia has waged and continues to wapc expansionist wars of aggression against all its ncighboura. 200. It is a matter of extraordinary irony that the Minister for Foreign Affaiss of Somalia should accuse Ethiopia ol aggression. It is indeed an expression of the highest form of political cynicism. Notwithstanding what happened in the w-s&t pa& the 44th Cemtnan~ Battalion of the regular 201. I should like to point out another mat~cr. According to an Italian newspaper, La Ilepubhlica. “Somalia s’pcnds $2 million a day 011 the aggrcsisivr War unlcashctl iIgZlill%l Ethiopia”. 202. If I may at this point return to the question of sclldetermination: if the Mopadishu rcgimc wcrc IO practise what it hypocrilically and so profu5cIy prcachcs. it should grant self-dctcrnlin;ition lo Ihe Issaquc lend. ti)rmcrly WIish Somaliland. and shoulif also return the Juba land. including the port of f<ismayu, IO Kenya. Thr l:ascist Mcrihan clan. which is now ruling Somall I ‘; . and which conQiand exploitation of that tribal clique. which rcprcsents no one but itself. 203. The apparent concern of the Minister Ihr Foreign Affairs for the rights of the Ethiopians living in the eastern and south-eastern part of my country is also so hypocritical that one should see it as nothing but the shedding ot’crocodilc IGIIS. A regime like the one in Mopadishu. which indiscriminately kills Moslems and Christians alike and which destroys clinics. farms, schools and water supply systcmb that were built for the benetit of the pcoplc it prctcnds to liberate. is the lcast qualilied to lecture others on the subject. Indeed. there are only two States in Africa today whose policies are based on cxclasivist and discriminatory racial and ethnic theories of nation-building. Thcsc arc the minority apar/heid regime in Pretoria and the rtgimc in Mogadishu. which is composed of mcmhcrs of the Mcrihan clan who have made a virtue out ofcthnicitvanda rcligionout ot a colonially conceived myth called “&catcr Somalia”. 204. The Minister Ibr Foreign Affairs of Somalia also claims to be harbouring millions of so-called Ethiopian rcfugccs. M~y,dclegation categorically rc,jccts once agam this ridiculous fairy tale. Somalia’s motive for such lilbrications is to justify its discrcditcd policy of irrcdcntism and shamelcssly squeczc tinancial suhsidics from the international community by parading innocent schoolchildren and hclpless women for a sinister political purpose. 205. It is no secret that since the early 1970s Somalia has sutl‘ered from serious drought. In this connection. the Inrermrional Herald Tribune of I H Scptcmhcr I980 rcportcd: 6. . . the scttlcmcnt at Kurtuwarcy in Somalia. thrown up in 1975 wasan aid outpost duringadrought then. It is still thcrc. (ivc years hcyond one drought and into another. Its l6.000 residents live on aid. None arc rcfugees. None work.” 206. It is xuch drought victims that Somalia has kept in rclicf camps and calls “Ethiopian rct’ugccs”. Morcovcr. it may be recalled that the United Nations Mission which visited Somalia in December 1979 rcportcd its coticcrn abnut serious food shortuges in Somalia and the fact that the country was suiTering from serious drought which, accordectsily nault in I ma*ive.httman &$ ~~~~1~ && ~~.~~* 207. II was further rcportcd by the Mission IIIAI. 01‘ the people displayed as rcl‘ugccs. hl per cent wcrc children. 30 per cent wcrc wonicn and Y per ccnl cltlcrl-. ill or handicapped mtn. Since 1 I per cent ot’ llio~ paratlctl as rcl’ugccs wcrc innocent schoolchildren and wonicn. lhc obvious quchtion to ask is: whcrc arc !hr men? Obviously. it substantial numhcr 01 those paraded arc the orphans ant1 widows ot’ Somalia’s regular troops who IOSI their livc~tlurinp Mogotlishu’s wanton aggrcrsion and niilitar!- advcriturc against lithiopia. 20X. It is ilk30 a lilct Ihat Soniali;l has acute tinancial and ccononiic problcnis which have worscncd bcc;iusc 01‘ its pian refugees. 209. l‘hc PRESIDENT: The representative of Somalia has asked to raise a point of order. I call on him.

I thought, Mr. President. that when you called on the representative of Ethiopia. you pointed out IO him the position of this Gcncral Assembly at its thirty-touth session. to the effect that rights of reply should not exceed IO minutes. This is not a right of reply. It is a carefully anticipated and prepared statement that has taken more than IO minutes. I therefore ask you. Mr. President, to bring this to his attention. if hc is indeed exercising the right of reply. 2 I I. The PRESIDENT: The Chair has a clock up here, an clcctric clock IhI records the time that is used for the excrcisc of the right of reply. The representative of Ethiopia had two more minutes to go when 1 had to interrupt him to permit the rcprescntativc from Somalia to raise a point 01 order. So the reprerentativc of Ethiopia has two more minutes until his time is up.

Thank you. Mr. President. for reminding the representative of Somalia that hc is not the timckccper of this Assembly. 213. It isalsoa fact that Somalia has,as I sdidearlier,acute linancial problems. These problems emanate from the mismanagement of the regime. With all sympathy to those people who have fallen under the sway of the lunatic regime that is today in power in Mogadishu. my delegation categorically rejects the stage-managed lhrcc and vehemently denounces the cvnical manipulation ofworld public opinion for ends that will have unforeseen consequences. 214. Moreover. the l’xt that Somalia has not even ratilitd the OACI Convention Governing the Specific Aspects ol Relupcc Problems m Africa. of 1969. and has already expressed serious reservations on theconvention relating to the Status of Refuges-s. of 1951. and on the Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, of 1967. throws some light on its real motives. Somalia continues to exploit the issue for Conventions by organizing. instigating and conducting.& versivc ;ml terrorist acts against Ethiopia. II seeks material assistance to finance thcsc criminal activities against its neighbours. Thai is why it has not ratil’icd the OAU Convention. After all. its dcolarrd policy clearly runs counter to the principles established by the Convention. BUI the intcrnalional coniniunit~ should not suhsidi7c war and aggression against ;I sovcrcjgn and lau-abiding State. It should no1 subsidi~c ;I rkgimc bcnl on war. cspansion and conqucsl. It should not alloys itscll’ 10 IX used as an inslrumcnt for Ihc rcalization 01’ the politics 01’ a \vcll-known rspansionist Slalc. Such sanction will only scrvc lo cncourapc lhc warmongers 01‘ Mopadishu to undcrminc the stability of the region ah well as intci~n;ltioniil pc;icr anti security. of the ruling made by the President of the thirty-first session and of the precedents established under similar circumstances during subsequent sessions of the Assembly.

At the outset, allow me to congratulate you. Mr. President, on your election to the presidency of this Assembly. 218. The Assembly has been treated this afternoon to an overdose of distortion and has been bombarded by a barrage of lies and demagogy by none other than Mr. Shamir, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Menachem Begin. Both are members of Zionist gangs responsible for the abhorrent and savage massacres of Palestinian unarmed civilians in Deir Yassin, Jerusalem and other towns and villages of Palestine. Both, like many thousands of other Zionists, came to our Palestine to implant racism and hatred, translated into policies and practices directed at the uprooting and expulsion of our Palestinian people from their homeland and the homelands of their forefathers. 219. Yet the Minister for Foreign All’airs of Menachem Begin had the audacity to appear before this Assembly, while the blood of Count Bernadotte is still on his hands, to talk about peace. What kind of peace. may I ask? Is it the peace of Begin’s sponsored gangs of Gush Emunim and others that roam Palestinian towns and villages in a vigilante manner reminiscent of the Nazi behaviour. destroying the crops of Palestinian farmers. terrorizing women and children? Is it the peace of Shin Beth, the Israeli intelligence service, which orchestrated the attempt to assassinate Mayor Bassam Shaka’a and Mayor Karim Khalaf, or the peace of the Fascist Government of Begin, which expelled the mayor of Hebron. Fahd Qawasma and the Mayor of Halhoul. Mohdmed Milhem, and still refuses to carry out the decisions of the Security Council which call for their return? What peace is it? Is it the peace ofthe racist Government of Israel, which. on a daily basis, carries out missions of death against our people in South Lebanon. using United States-made and freely supplied Phantom jets, cluster bombs and other lethal weapons which are prohibited internationally’! Or is it the peace based on the Camp David accords-a process rejected by the PLO and the Palestinian mF,*eotic1 -try t~~~~~~~~~&~~- arc designed todissect the Palestinian people and to perpetuiIlC our dispersion. The\ arc dcsipncd lo deny Us our very hasi<. inherent human and national right to self-dcterniination. national indcpcndcncc and sovereignty and, most important. our right to return lo our homes and property in Palestine. to live in peace. I’rcedoni and dignily. 220. l’hc PLO once again dcclnres in this hall. on behalf01 thr Palestinian people. that our struggle is for the achievcmenI 01’ pcacc-peace thal will sccurc Ihr us a dignilied and free csistcncc. pcacc that will guarantee for us our national inalicnablc rights in our Pnlcstinc. pc’acc hascd on justice. nol ;I pcacc lhat will tear us to picccs.

I, too, agree that I am not the timekeeper of this Assembly and I apologize to you. Mr. President, if I was misled by my watch when speaking on a point of order. 223. The representative of the Abyssinian regime has attempted once again in his reply to distort the historical as well as the present factual situation of Western Somaliaand the Horn of Africa. He has misrepresented the position of my Government on the problems of the Horn and he has once again sought to mislead the international community with respect to the regressive and genocidal policies of his regime not only against the subject peoples of the Ethiopian empirethe peoples of Eritrea, Western Somalia. T&C. Oromia and others-but also against the Ethiopian people themselves. He has even shamelessly denied the existence 01 more than I.5 million refugees, who have been expelled from their homeland. He has even disregarded the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [A/3.5/14 in this respect, a report which is available to all members of this General Assembly and which they can read, if they so desire. 224. These and other shameless distortions of the Ethioplan representative do not surprise us because we are accustomed to Ethiopia’s travesty of the truth. The intervention of the representative of Ethiopia clearly was not theexercise of a right of reply but a well premeditated and anticipated statement, which had been very carefully prepared. 225. My delegation therefore reserves the right to reply to it in detail at an appropriate time.

The representative of Ethiopia has asked to exercise his right of reply for a second time. May I remind members that. in accordance with General Assembly decision 34/401, only live minutes are allowed for a second intervention. I call on the representative ol Ethiopia.

Earlier the representative of Somalia tried to take over theTobof the Under-Secretary- General, Mr. Buffurn. Now he has attempted, Mr. President, to take over your job as President by trying to rule whether. my statement was a reply or something else. I I&ibBB@fM .i stalsmtit was (r .ply, tt is very eaw to IL ..~~~~~ &$ Hw tiiririy has been thinking in the same way for the past i7 years. It is therefore not very diflicult to respond to its statcmcnts. made by some famous leaders in Mogadishu. This is in reference to some of the accusations rnadc earlier by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Somalia. I cite the following: “The Soviet people have extended disinterested assistance to newly independent countries to enable them to safeguard their sovereignty. This is in line with the immortal principles laid down by the great Lenin.. . . “We have always found in the Soviet Union a close and sincere friend.. . . We in Somalia have been engaged in nation building on the basis of the tested and tried system of scicntilic socialism. We are convinced that socialism is the only system which can guarantee to our people human dignity I . . . “I have said on very many occasions that our socialism cannot be called Somalian socialism. African socialism or Islamic socialism. It is the original scientific socialism.” 229. On another occasion, hc had the following to say: “The West’s attitude will encourage the Soviet 1:nion and its allies to further augment their intcrvcntions and enable them 1.0 implement their criminal wars, and face the world with afuiraccompli. This open communist plan represents a threat not only to Somalia, but to all those countries which have interests in the area.. . .*’ 230. Today the Somali Government has invited the United States of America to establish a series of military bases in its territory, with a view to facilitating its expansionist ambitions in the region. Such an attitude should be contrasted with what the President of Somalia said on I8 June 1971: “Imperialism and racism are not about to give up their malicious exploitation of our countries. Can the States which are members of the North AtlanticTr<atyOrganization (NATO) claim to be friendsol’thc African people? The Americans are but mealy-mouthed imperialists.” That was said by President Siad Barre. 23 I. As a prominent African statesman recently observed at Islamabad, if Somalia was capable of speaking in the name of 1st wxism yesterday, one should not be SUrprM if rt-tb’name-.d dsnbm tamorrow+ The mrelitg I’OSF at 6.20 pm