A/39/PV.11 General Assembly

As I speak in th.~ General Assembly, the people ofthe People's Republic ofthe Congo is in the course of giving effect to the directives of the third regular congress of the Congolese Labour Party, which was held at Brazzaville from 27 to 31 July 1984. The meetings of that Congress constitute a historic turning-point for the Congolese revolution. The results of the Congress have enabled our people to acquire new institutions and to embark on dynam- ic action in all areas of national life, in particular the area of international policy. 2. While welcoming the outstanding successes achieved during the Congress, the Congolese people is more than ever concerned by an international situation of insecurity, injustice and underdevelop- ment, whose consequences for the future of mankind demand the attention of the entire international community. 3. On behalf of our Government and of the Presi- dent, Denis Sassou-Nguesso, the delegation of the Congo is pleased to make, through me, its modest contribution to consideration of the problems that face the United Nations and the international com- munity as a whole. 4. In entrusting Mr. Lusaka with the task of presid- ing over the work of its thirty-ninth session, the General Assembly has recognized that he is not only one of the most experienced African ambassadors, but also the outstanding President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, a man whose dyna- mism and devotion have always been commensurate with the cause championed by that important United Nations body. I congratulate him whole-heartedly; the delegation of the Congo, which I have the honour to lead, is very gratified at this choice and assures him of its full co-operation. The People's Republic of the Congo and Zambia have very frieRdly relations, recently reaffirmed by an exchange of visIts between our two heads of State and by the election of President Kenneth David Kaunda as honorary Presi- dent of the third regular congress of the Congolese Labour Party. NEW YORK .. 5. I pay a well-deserved tribute, also, to Mr. Lusa- ka's illustrious predecessor, Mr. Jorge Illueca, Presi- dent of the Republic of Panama, a distinguished Latin American statesman and an ardent champion of the inalienable rights of exploited nations. We are particularly grateful to him for the calm and efficient way in which he conducted the meetings ofthe thirty- eighth session. 6. In considering the report of the Secretary-Gener- al on the work of the Organization [A/39/l), we are pleased to note that he Quite appropriately reminds the international community of the ur~ency of the tasks and the weight of the responsIbilities that devolve upon us pursuant to our adherence to the Charter of the Umted Nations. We are most grateful to the Secretary-General for all the efforts and all the means described in that report. Their aim is con- stantly to renew the spirit of our shared ideals through the application of appropriate solutions to the ills plaguing the world. 7. When we commemorate, next year, the fortieth anniversary of the United Nations, the time will be ripe for mankind to take stock and to envisage, in a new, global and, we trust, optimistic context, the outlines of the world of tomorrow, whose features still seem so vague to us today. 8. In the mean time, we are obliged to note that the eloquent and benevolent statements of intention made here do not always reflect the political practice of certain Member States. In fact, it has in no way been proved that those who speak the most about peace and freedom are the best craftsmen of those noble ideals in their own countries and throughout the world. Quite often, on the contrary, the warmon- ~ers, who are responsible for the most blatant social mjustices and the most serious manifestations of the exploitation of man by man, could very easily be mIstaken for the staunchest champions of human rights. 9. Tried and tested couriers of dubious policies or mere links in a chain of selfish interests, the major instigators of policies opposed to the fundamental interests of mankind no longer hide their intentions. They are the grave-diggers of peace; they are the ones who are truly starving the world through the debt of the third world and the deterioration of raw material prices-to sum up, through the relations between the industrialized and the developing countries, relations characterized by the thirst for profit at any cost: the primary motivation of the behaviour of the countries of the North, even if it be to the detriment of the countries of the South. Finally, it is these countries which persist in voluntarily supporting colonialist and neo-colonialist desires designed to enslave peo- ples weakened by exploitation by the imperialist Powers. I~S concern about ~he speCIfic r~~sults of those dlscus- of the national territory through the building of a. s!ons: the Cou~cll was not a~le even to adopt a road network which can help revitalize the rural SImple declaratIon on the subject by consensus. areas and ensure the complementarity that is so 16. Clearly, given the lack ofgenuine, self-generated bJdly needed between the economic activities in the development, which alone can create the bases for urban areas and in the countryside. We wish to true economic complementarity between d~veloped improve the living conditions of the people by and developing countries, it is always inadVIsable to rationally organizing a system, based on the interests subscribe to actions that are not consistent and tha.t, of the people, to ensure food self-sufficiency, which is in fact, support an ideology of alleged econom~c an objective to be achieved by the year 2000, with, of freedom, of which, however, underdevelopment IS course, the assistance of all those who, in the context unfortunately one of the fundamental elements, of bilateral and multilateral co-operation: are ready 17. Moreover, 1984 is the tenth anniversary of the to parti~ipat,e with us in building a free and prosper- adoption by the General Assembly of the Charter of ous natIon In the Congo, c0!JI?-tenanc~ which It can c~ll l?resent3;ble. Af~er the causes of those crises should be eliminated and that a SUl~ld~J polIcy of bantl'!stamzatl.on, whlc.h. deme~ t~e climate of peace free from ail threat of intervention maJonty black popu.latl~n the nght. to cltlzens~lp m or econ,.,.~ic coercion, a climate essential to respect t~e. country, the m~nonty power IS !Iow trymg to for the ~lt of peoples freely to determine their divide the South Afncan p~ople b¥ askmg Indian and future and to dispose of their resources, should be Coloured groups to sanction white power. established in the Caribbean as well as in the Central 47. The racist Government of Pretoria knows per- American subregion. fectly well that it will never reap the fruits of its . . Id criminal policy. Not only has the electoral sham 55. If that ~rmclple were resp~cted, peace wou which it organized been largely boycotted by the find a place m the ~orean penmsula also all;d we Indian and Coloured communities, but the majority ~ol;ll~ no longer witness the sad and contmued population has risen up, showing its determination to diVISion 9f the people of .Kore~, for whose benefit a struggle regardless of the cost. The international process aimed at the reumficatIon o~ t~e t~o parts of community must step up its struggle against this the. country must be ~nde~aken, ehmmatlllg a very regime, or history will one day reproach us for having serIOUS source ~f te?slo~ In that pa~ .of the w~rld. tolerated it so long and so much. 56. As to the situation m the Indo-Chmese pe~msu- 48. The support which the People's Republic of the la, my country unreservedly supports the deSIre ~or Congo lends to freedom fighters and to the front-line peace expressed so often by t~e Governments of VIet States is a constant factor in our foreign policy. Nam, ~aos and K~mpucheaIn or~er. to end ~he ~tate Nevertheless, as is already stated in the Manifesto on of belhger~ncewhich has been artifiCially mamtamed Southern Africa, issued by the leaders of East and from outSide. No one wants peace more t~an the Central African States, meeting at Lusaka on 16 April Kampuchean people, who alone know the prIce that 1969,4 we do not rule out negotiations as long as the they have had to pay aft~r the crue.! tyranny of Pol enemy also recognizes that they are necessary. Pot, whom some are actively seekmg to return to 49. "The development of the revolutionary struggle power., " on the spot is always complex, and the path to victory 57. Fmally" the Cong<?lese delegatl~n must mentIo.n is tortuous", said President Denis Sassou-Nguesso at the t.ragedy m the Persian Gulf, which day by day IS the opening of the third regular congress of the makm$ Iraq and Iran weaker. And yet, those two Congolese Labour Party. The head of the Congolese countrIes should derive fram their history, their State added: geography and ~heir religion more reasons for unity "That is why we believe that the major diplo- and co-operati0ll; than ~~r.hatred .and. death. We urge matic activity observed in recent times at the level thef!! to en~ theu hostIhtIes~ which In no ~ay serve of the front-line countries is naturally part of the t~e Immediate or long-tenn Interests of theIr respec- process of the long and complex struggle which the tIve peoples. peoples of southern Africa have been waging 58. A few moments ago, when we expressed the against the white minority regime in power in wish to see all resources of the spirit and of human Pretoria. We are deeply convinced that Africa will knowledge placed at the service of ends other than not be"ray the African cause." death and destruction, we were obviously thinking 50. This identification of the Congolese position mainly of the $800 billion which are.sJ?ent every year with the African cause justifies in many ways the to make weapons, fuel hotbe~s of CflSIS and carry on active solidarity of the Congolese people with other the crazed arms race even m outer space. peoples struggling in other regions of the world. 59. Several years ago a great deal of hope was 51. This applies to the Middle East, where the placed on the bilateral negotiations between the Congo reiterates its support for the Palestine Libera- United States and the Soviet Union. We encourage tion Organization [PL01, which, we are certain, will any effort that is likely to lead to complete disarma- cvercome the passing difficulties which have arisen ment under real and effective control. peo~les should, among other things, lead the United this inability as a logical result of the betrayal by the NatIOns to ponder upon the future evolution of super-Powers of the goals and princi.l.,~es of the mankind, Such an approach to the international Charter of the United Nations, which in turn has situation, induding national concerns and actions for made the Organization incapable of implementing the benefit of mankind as a whole, should give food the necessary measures for solving these problems for thought to all those whose activities at the and at the same time encourages those States in their hOl!l.elan~ and to ~stabhsh an mdependent State on undertaking constitutes clear evidence of the desire then nattonal tern~~ry. . . of the member States of the Council that peace and 78. ~he Arab pos~tlOn has alway~ been a posItIve prosperity should continue to be the symbols and one, aimed at findmg a peace.ful, Just and compre- goals of the Council hensive solution to this question. The latest Arab . . .. initiative in this regard is contained in the Final 85. The Sta!e C?f Qatar views Wlt~ mcreased con- Declaration ofthe Twelfth Arab Summit Conference cern the contmumg presence of Soviet forces on the adopted at Fez on 9 September 1982.5 That initiativ~ terr~tory o.f Af~anistan. It sil;1~erely h~pes tha~ the was met with obstinacy and rejected by Israel, which Soviet Umo~ 'YI~1 ~espond pO~lttvely t~ mternatIonal refuses to understand anything but the policy of the appeals. and mltta.tIves and withdraw ItS forces from fait accompli. Afgham~tan, l~a:vmg ~h~ Afghan people.free?om to 79. Not satisfied with rejecting all international choose ItS pohtlcal regime and determme Its own resolutions and honest initiatives, Israel continues its future. aggression, planting on Arab territories settlements 86. The current situation in the African continent that ~ll agree are illegal and an obstacle to a peaceful constitutes one of our major concerns. We sincerely solution. hope that proper solutions will be found in the near 80. The international community must therefore future so as to end the suffering of the peoples living reject these illegal practices and must put an end to in regions where tensions prevail. My country reaf- the usurpation ofthe territories of others through the firms its support for and solidarity with the Namibi- settlement policy pursued by Israel, in defiance of an people in their just struggle under the leadership international public opinion, and to the imposition of the South West Africa People's Organization of Israel's will on the basis not of right but of force [SWAPO] and with the national majority in South and coercion. Africa in their courageous struggle against the apar- 81. The Israeli enemy continued its aggression thlfid policies, pra~tis~d by.the rulip.g racist. white against our Arab nation and expanded the circle of mmorlty. In hn,e wIth ItS behefs and ItS tIes Wlt~ and this aggression when it invaded fraternal Arab Leba.. concern for Afnca, the S~ate.of Q~tar took part m the non in 1982. It has maintained its occupation of the C~:mfer~nce.of Arab Sohdarlty with the Stt:ttgg!e for southern part of that peaceful country and continued Liberation m Southern Afnca, held at Tums-from 7 its disgraceful practices in violation of the Geneva to 9 August 1984. agreements and international treaties. 87. We call on all States that cherish peace and 82. In the view of my delegation, it is the duty of justice, particularly the major Powers on whose the international community to adopt all the neces- support South Africa depends, to use every means sary measures to ensure immediate and uncondition- available to put pressure on the South African al Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon and to Government and prevail upon it to respond positive- put an end to those practices which contradict ly to international efforts aimed at brmging about a international treaties and agreements. Israeli with- just and comprehensive settlement of this situation drawal from southern Lebanon is the primary pre- and to block the attempb of the South African gro~th to t!te minimum level required to achieve 98. Mr. TOLENTINO (Philippines): Allow me to theIr plannmg g,?als A .large number of the less congratulate the President on his election to chair the developed countnes contmue tp fa~e the spec~res of thirty-ninth session of the General Assembly. His pov~rty, hunger and the deterIoration of theIr pro- reputation as a skilled diplomat and a statesman of ductIOn sectors. wise judgement assures us of the sober yet dynamic 90. At the present time, the international commu- leadership that we need in the Assembly to accom- nity is facing an ecpn~mic situation whose effects vyill plish our tasks. not be .confined wlth~n the borders of the devel,?pmg 99. We should ell be sadly remiss if we failed to count~les. O~ the cOl~,tra~, the whole w~rld. wIll. be commend the Secretary-General on his endeavours affect~d by Its negative mfluen~es. Th~s SituatIOn in the cause ofpeace and on his report on the work of constitutes a constant threat to mternatIonal peace h 0 . , [A/39/1] Th S G I . and security and will create additional international t e rgamzatlOn . e ecretary-..enera IS problems, which we shall be forced to confront and bot~ a ~tau.nch defender an.d a ste~ CrItic of the to spend time and resources resolving. Umted Nations. In performmg that ..mp~rtant and 91 F 11 h h S f Q b 1· necessary task he has put all of us In hiS debt. . or a t ese reasons, t e tate 0 atar e Ieves .. . . that the international community as a whole must 100. The Phlhppmes warmly welcomes B~nel realize the need to concentrate increased efforts on Dar~ssalam as ,the .l5~th Member of th~ UOlted removing the factors that have brought about this Na~I.on~. The histone .tIes between Brunei and the international economic crisis and, in particular, 'lhe PhIhppmes are ce~tun~s old! and. these have f~uI!d injustice inflicted on the developing countries by the modern re~ffi~matIon m theIr active p~rtnershlp m current imbalance in the world economic situation. the AssociatIon of South-East ASian Natl~ns This awareness of the danger posed by the crisis must [.~SEAN], where .they share. common goals, ~spIra- be translated into immediate and practical steps first tIon~ ~nd ~erceptIons of regIOnal peace, securIty and to alleviate and finally to resolve the economic crisis. stablhty With the other members of ASEAN. 92. The developed countries must adopt polici~s ~01. ,I speak today at the same rostrum where my which encourage imports from the developing coun- Illustnous I?redeces~or, Mr..Carlos P. Romulo, on tries. The developed countries must also work to many occaslo~s dehvere~,. wI~h great. eloquence and reduce tariff and other barriers against these imports, uncommon WIt, the PhI1~ppme pohcy statement~. and also give increased attention to stabilizing the ¥r. ,ROl~ll~lo h~s sought ~etIremc::nt after a long publIc international monetary system. hfe m dlstmgUl~hed service t~ hiS country and people 93. States, partLularly major industrial States, an~ to hUll?-aOlty, as. a passlona;te advocate ~f the must also pay greater attention to the effects that Umted ,Nations, sl~armg deeply ItS resolve to "save their domestic economic policies and the decisions succe~dmg generatIOns from the s~ourge of war . We they adopt concerning external economic and com- all miss Mr. Romulo at t~ese seSSIOns of the Assem- mercial relations, particularly with the developing bly, but,we find con.fort m the th~ught that we can countries, have on the international economy. stIll ~vaIl ourselves ofth~ g~ms of~lsdom that he has 94 It h b b ' t th 't t' 1 left m the annals of thiS mternatIonal body. . as now ecome 0 VlOUS 0 e m erna IOna community that the rise in interest rates on the Mr. Lusaka (Zambia) took the Chair. U~ited State~ dol!ar has .1~d to ~urdening the devel- 102. Of the numerous photographs taken by the opl~g countne~ wI!h addItIOnal mterest, payments ~n astrona:uts from outer space, there is one that is the!r debts, which m turn crea~e~ more Imba~ance~ m firmly Impressed on our minds. It is the picture of theIr balance of payments, ralsmg rates of mflatIOn the earth, taken from hundreds of thousands of miles and confronting these countries, especially the less away, showing a globe of ethereal quality and breath- developed ones, with continuing crises in all sectors. taking beau!y, suspended in space, calm, serene and 95. The problems of the international economy peaceful. But as we look around us we are confronted today are obvious and have previously been discuss- by the chilling realization that we live in a world ed and talked about in various international bodies. riven by suspicion and distrust, a world obsessed by What is important at this time is to institute the the frenzied competition to accumulate weapons of corrective measures that will establish' a j~lSt and mass destruction, a world where peace is constantly stable international economic order. challenged by the overwhelming drive to dominate, 96. The State of Qatar is of the view that global to impose one~s superior will on weaker pa~ies, and negotiations must get under way, and it considers to use both gude and armed strength to achieve such these negotiations to be the framework through ends. which a discussion of the major problems could take 103. Indeed, the peace ofthe world today hangs in a place and appropriate solutions arrived at. The fragile balance; the world is on the brink of a self- eff~ctively halt the massive debilitating effects of discouraging. The prevalence of pockets of war in recession on international growth and stability. The many corners of the world, of unprovoked acts of early signs of economic recovery, however, have not agg~ession by more powerful n~tio.ns .aga~nst weaker made the desired impact on the development efforts natIo~s, of una~at~d raCial dlscnmmatlon,. of the of small and poor countries. On the contrary, for grOWIng econom.lc Imbalance betw~en the nch ~nd many of them their efforts at development have been the. po!->r cou~t~les of the world wlt.h the resultIng even more difficult, if not altogether frustrated. sO~lal InequalIties and of the spreadIng h~nger and 124. For economic recovery to foster global peace ~Isery among large sections of the earth s .p.opula- and security, continuous efforts should be undertak- hon-all that and more are the hard realities we en towards a comprehensive and equitable solution must face. of the development problems of many countries. To 131. Many independent observers feel that, tested attain this objective, the position of the developing in the light of its aims and the principles embodied in countries in such areas as international trade, global its Charter, the United Nations has failed, and that it industrialization, money and finance, food and agri- seems unable to accomplish the objectives for which culture, and energy should be taken fully into ac- it was founded. This may not be entirely correct or count. true, but it should make us take a herd second look at 125. The requirements of the developing countries the Charter itself, b~cau.se the perceived inad~quacies in international trade would include, among others, of the ~orld Org~m~atlOn may ac~ua~ly sprIng from first, lhe liberalization of trade and the reduction if factors mherent In Its own constitution. not elimination of non-tariff barriers, such as quotas, 132. We must not allow initiatives to review the seasonal restrictions, licensing requirements, variable Charter to languish from lack of support. We should levies and anti-dumping regulations; and, secondly, devote our most vi~orous and sustained efforts to the elimination of the so-called voluntary export make the Organization a more effective instrument restraint schemes which are undertaken on a bilateral for the attainment of its avowed objectives. and discriminatory basis outside the principles and 133. The United Nations, after all, is the only rules of the General Agreement on Tanffs and Trade. remaining hope of mankind for universal peace and 126. Developing countries need to augment their security. It is man's last best hope to free himself industrial output and to increase their share in total from hunger and fear. In your own words, Mr. world industrial production to support the self-reli- President, "the world would become a more danger- ant growth of their economies. But in order for them ous place without the United Nations" pst meeting, to be able to do so, they should be provided with all para. 96]. Accordingly, our solemn duty 1S to preserve the needed assistance, including the transfer of and strengthen the world Organization while the technology. In the final analysis, the meaning of opportunity exists and while time may still bt~ on our industr'alization is to contribute to the eradication of side. That is the challenge confrontIng us today. endemic poverty in the developing world. 134. Mr. GOMA (Zambia): My first duty on this 127. In many developing countries the problems of occasion, Sir, is to thank sincerely all States Members hunger and malnutrition cannot be adequately ad- represented here for the great honour they have dressed because of their balance-of-payments dim- bestowed on Zambia by unanimously electing you culties and mounting external debts. This suggests President of the thirty-ninth session of the General that current international efforts to relieve food Assembly. I do so on behalf of the President of the scarcity in many areas of the world should be Republic of Zambia, Mr. Kenneth Kaunda, and all expanded. The impediments to food sufficiency and my compatriots for whom this event has special its c..:vailability on a wider basis, including the prob- significance and historic importance, since it also lems of production and distribution, should receive coincides with our country's twentieth anniversary of intensive scrutiny. national independence and membership of the Unit- 128. The international monetary and financial sys- ed Nations. tern should be made increasingly responsive to the 135. We are proud of you, Mr. President, and we neecis and interests of developing countries. The are confident that you will discharge the important reform of the system should be supportive of a functions (}fyour high office to the full satisfactiora of sc~ence and technology which have done much!o ImperatIve that ~uclear ~Isarmamentb~ aggreSSIvely improve the lot of many people. Here, too, and m pursued by the mternatIonal commumty. oth~r ways, ~ great deal has been accomplished by the 143. The question of conventional weapons mu.st Umted Natl~!1s system for, the,betterment of the equally be seriously addressed. These weapons are m human condItIon. However, m spIte of the enormous everyday use in many parts of the globe, especially in advances that have been ma~e on so many front~ t.o the third world. Their use since the end ofthe Second make the world a better one m th~ pa~t 39 years, I~ IS World War has accounted for millions of deaths and regrettable that we are, perhaps mevItably, left WIth incalculable destruction of property. There has also so many unresolved problems, old and new, as well been continued use of chemical weapons despite the as a sense of disillu~ionmentat,the. failure to ach~eve fact that these were outl~wed by the 1?n5 Geneva ma~y of the great alms and ObjectIves of the Umte,d Protocol,1 Serious efforts must be made to stop the NatIOns. Thus, the road we have travelled so far IS production and spread of these types of weapons. littered more with debris of discord than milestones 144 Th th Id'd h 11 Th f onc rd . ere are 0 er wor -Wl e c a enges. e o co. . current world economic outlook is certainly worse 139. We now have t~o Power blocs engaged m a than ever before. The debt burden has become dangero~s arms race, m terms of both nuclear an,d unbearable for most countries, particularly in the conve~tIOnal weapon,s. Nuclear weapons, by the~r developing world. Ectire populations are still living q~all;tIty and destructIve power, are capable of anm- in absolute indigence, and hunger is the daily lot of hIlatmg not only all that mankmd has developed and millions ofhuman beings. To these problems must be constructeq thr!Jugh thousands of yea~s of effort, but added the persistence of certain regional conflicts even ~ankInd Itself. The total stockpIles ~f ~eapons and of various situations that are a grave denial of today In the wor,ld Power blocs are mamta,m~d '!t the most fundamental values, such as continuing levels of destru~tIve po~er far greater than is JUStI- reprehensible violations of human rights and the flt;d by any ratIOnal mIlItary purpose. As has been freedom of peoples; profound inequalities that con saId by others: tinue to divide individuals and societies; and marked "overan~ing is n'?t 9nly an expre~si0!1 <?f the injustices in certain aspects of international relations. ~utual distrust which IS advanced t~ J~I~tIfy It, but 145, Ten years have now passed since the General It accet?-tuates the trend ,towards diVISion of the Assembly called for the establishment of a new w9~ld Into sph~res o~ ,mfluence and l~ads to international economic order [resolutions 3201(S-Vlj mdlt~ry, eco.nomlc, [poht~cal] a~d ~ultural mterfer- and 3202 (S- VI)] which would be equitable, just and ence m the hves of oth~rs, a~d It dlve~s ,enprmous fair to all nations. However, what we have witnessed resou~fes from the satisfactIOn of societies urgent over the period is the erosion of multilateralism in needs international economic relations. Instead of creating for development and progress. a new framework within which all countries will be 140. The menace to the survival of mankind posed able to develop their resources and enjoy the eco- by the existence, further development and sophistica- !10mic ~n9 social ben,efits of that development, some tion of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass mdustnahzed countfles have chosen to Isolate them- destruction can only be contained if real progress is selves from the rest of the world. They have done so made towards disarmament under effective interna- because they want all international economic rela- tional control. In this context, we deplore the deep- tions to be conducted in ~ manner that will perpetu- seated mistrust existing particularly between the two ate their economic superiGrity and enable them to ei~n States, An~ola and Cuba. It has nothing to do that its membership will provide new impetus for the WIth South AfrIca's withdrawal from Namibia. role and the effectiveness of the Organization. 175. As we have said on other occasions, South 182. As the world Organization prepares to corn- Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia is memorate its fortieth anniversary, we think that this an intolerable insult not only to the people of occasion offers an opportunity for all of us to make Namibia but to the international comml1nity as well, an objective and realistic evaluation of the extent of and everything possible must be done to end it. the success and the failure of the United Nations and Namibia stands out as a blot and an aberration in an to restate the goals and ideals cherished by its otherwise virtually complete decolonization process founders and enshrined in its Charter, particularly in Africa. It is against this background that we the noble goal that the United Nations should reaffirm our full support for SWAPO in its struggle to become the centr~ of harmony among its Members in secure the freedom and genuine independence of their pursuit of common goals-the stabilization of Namibia. peace, security and prosperity in the world. by~ our fraternal country Iraq of the international efforts to reach a just and honourable conclusion to this war. We wish that the leaders of Iran would spare cou~try o.f a normal, healthy l~f~,. so. that it ~ay 215. The United Nations adopted, in Security contmue ItS ~dyance towards clvlh~atIon and gIve Council resolution 435 (1978), a plan characterized the. world a IIvmg exa~ple of coexistence between by prudence, moderation and non-bias for ensuring varIOUS sects and doet.rmes. We therefore sUPPC?~ all the independence of Namibia. However, the great the Lebanese efforts aImed at enhancmg the spIn! of Powers have elect~d to involve the fate of the nationa~ unity and rec~~ciliation and at r~nouncing Namibian people, despite its bitter struggle, in the everythmg that may dlv~de the people of that ~oun- international equation and the policy ~f ~onfronta- try. We appeal to the mternatlOnal. cO!J1mum.ty to tion between East and West. The NamIblan people bring pre~sur~ to bear on Israel t~ deSIst Immedla~ely and SWAPO, its sole, legitimate representative, have from rekmdlI!1g the ~ames of dlscC?rd and to w!th- been condemned to p~y the price of ~ival!y and draw to the InternatIonally recogmzed boundarIes. conflict that are not theIr concern. KuwaIt reIterates 208. The world today is experiencing a real tragedy its support for the United Nations plan, which because of the increase in hotbeds of tension, the comprises the ideal framework for a settlement that disregard shown by the great Powers, which are has comprehensive international approval. influential inte~ationa!ly, of .the ~esires of the 216. Kuwait also strOilgly condemns the policy of peoples, ~md theIr .persIstence m uSI~g ,Pretexts to racial discrimination and apartheid practised by the Inter~ere m the affalfs of other .countrIes m an effort racist regime of South Africa against the black to gam a foothold or to acqUIre an ally by force. majority, the legitimate inhabitants of that land. The 209. The people of Afghanistan has been suffering latest manifestation of that policy is the imposition for four years under a puppet regime backed by of a contrived "constitution" which consolidates Soviet forces. Tremendous international efforts have white minority rule and denies the legitimate rights been made to alleviate the suffering of that peaceful of the overwhelming majority of South Africa's Muslim people. While commending all those efforts, population. we think that all the p.arties c0I?-cerned. in tJ1e Afghan 217. The world economic situation is no better than prob~em sh~uld refralt:t from mterfenng In t~e do- the tense international political situation. It is our mestIc affaIrS of that Independ~nt country, aId Hie conviction that this is a result of the continuing Afghan refugees to r~tu~ to th. 0' co~ntry a,nd allow connection between politics and economics. Both the ~he people to ~etermIne ItS 0", .....estmy as It sees !it rapidity and the scope of the deterioration of the after the foreIgn forces have WIthdrawn from Its world economic situation have assumed tragic di- terntory. mensions. The most outstanding issue in this connec- 210. .."'he effects of the situation in Afghanistan are tion is that of the developing countries' indebtedness, not limited to that country and its people. It also which constitutes one of the most dangerous prob- threatens peace and st~bility in t.he border areas of lems of the age. That indebtedne~)stotals over $800 Pakistan, where there are more than 1 million billion, and its annual servicing rate is $150 billion. Afghan rtiugees. It is easy to imagine the negative repp.rcussions of 211. The situation in K~. .puchea, whose people is !hat situati~n on development efforts Lt the develop- deprived of its right to choose the kind of regime it mg countrIes. desi~es, .~as not cha~ged. The time has come for ~ll 218. Kuwait believes that economic co-operation fo~eIgn. mterference In Kampuchea to ceas~ and f~r among developing countries is the corner-stone of thiS ffleD;dly people to resume the.exercIse of ItS their efforts tn acl)' ve the economic growth and natural rIght to a decent and free lIfe. prosperity neCf.~Jt: for the attainment of the ~oals 212. The Cyprus problem is also at a crossroads of self-sufficiency and freedom from depender ..:e on after the recent developments. Kuwait feels that the industrialized countries and subju~ation t.o the Turkish and Greek Cypriots should have recourse to conditions they impose on the developmg countries the basic principles of resolving conflicts through in order to perpetuate the present in" i'!,ational serious and constructive negotiations. We welcome economic order, with &B the ills and depTh ,~ion this the efforts of the Secretary-General. We believe that causes for the developing countries. We therefore they constitute the right way to reach a just solution support all well-thought-out, practical and reasonable takmg into account the legItimate rights of the two measures to strengthen and consolidate co-operation communities, while at the same time guaranteeing among developing countries, for we believe that such lon~ been estabhsned by your leadership of the 230 M d I ., . d h . Umted Nations Council for Namibia, as President of . y e egatlOn IS .co.nvInce t at a n~w, mte- which you have for so many years tirelessly dedicated g~ated approach, as distInct from the plec.emeal If h 'f ' k . disarmament efforts of the rast, should be adopted, yourse t~ t e execution 0 ItS mandate. I ta e thiS comprising both quantitative reductions :md qualita- ~pportumty to express to you the warm congratula- tive restrictions The wider the ran~e of weapons tlOns of my Government, as well as my own congrat- .. ulations, on your unanimous election and to pledge ~oy~rt:d the greater woul~ be the .va ue of sl~ch an my delegation's full co-operation in the Jischarge of Initiative. A~ the sal!le. time, whl1e c0!1tmumg to C 'd bl k accord the hIghest pnonty to nuclear disarmament your torml a e, ta~ . , W~ should ensure that conventional disarmament 225. To y<?ur dlstmgUlshed f ..Jecessor, ~r: Jarge measures, especially by the major Powers, are simul- Illueca, I Wish to convey our .deep appr~.cI~tIon for taneously pursued. In this context, we welcome the the, exe~plary manner, In wplch he h~s gUided the report of the Secretary-General containinJ the study dehberatIons of the thirty-eighth session. vil conventional disarmament [A/39/348J as a POSl- 226. I am particularly privileged to extend a special tive contribution. Conclusive progress can be gauged welcome to Brunei Darussalam on its accession to by linking reductions in military budgets to cuts in membership in the United Nations. Our pleasure in specific weapons systems and related activities in seeing the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Brunei research and development. With a view to st.emming Darussalam, Prince Mohamed Bolkiah, in this Hall is the qualitative improvement and preventing the all the greater since Brunei Darussalam, in January development of new types of weapons, the need for a t~chnological advRnces and the increased sC?phistica- 238. The withdrawal of all foreign troops from tIOn of nav~l-basedwe,apC?n sy~tems ~re addmg a new Kampuchean soil and the establishment of a Kampu- and potentIally destabIh;zmg dImensIon to the overall chean Government of the people's own choosing arms race. My delegatIOn therefore welcomed the should continue to form the basis for a solution decision of the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth Without it the nationalist forces of the Coalitio~ sessi~n [resolution 381188 G] to carry out a compre- Govemme~t of Democratic Kampuchea, under the h~nslve ~tudy on all ~spects. of th~ naval 3:rms race inspired leadership of Samdech Norodom Sihanouk, WIth a vIe\y to analysmg ,t~eI~ possIb.le rat:tl1fic~tlOns will have no choice but to continue their legitimate and, more ~mportant, facIlttatm~the Ident,Ifi~atIonof struggle against foreign intervention and occupation. areas for dlsarll}al1l:ent an,d conI1de~c~-bu,I1dm~ mea- We further believe that national reconciliation of all sures. IndoneSIa IS actIvely partICI~atmg m t~e Kampuchean factions is essential for the restoration Group of Governmental Experts constItuted for thIs of independence and the maintenance of the national purpose. unity of Kampuchea. It was in this light that the 234. Also in this context, my delegation has long ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Joint Statement on the worked with like-minded States for the implementa- Kampuchean Problem, issued at Jakarta on 9 July tion of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone 1984 [see AI391352], called upon Viet Nam to of Peace [resolution 2832 (XXVI)]. However, despite support such national reconciliation. VJe hope that the many years of concerted effort, we have wit- Viet Nam will respond positively and sincerely to nessed an unprecedented buildup of foreign forces in ASEAN's appeal to seek a comprehensive political the Indian Ocean proper and in its vicinity, Thus, the settlement to a problem which, apart from the Indian Ocean is moving inexorably in the direction principles involved, is basically a conflict between of unbridled strategic compet.ition, constituting an the Kampuchean people and Viet Nam. The altema- imminent threat \.0 the security interests of the tive would be the persistence of foreign intervention, littoral and hinterland States. This dangerous slide instability and turmoil in South-East Asia. con~e!1ed.. Only through such. a forum, wIth t.he demned apartheid as .contra!)' to the Charter and a partICIpatIOn on an equal footmg of all the pa~Ies crime against humamty. It IS the moral duty of all concerned, including the PLO, can a comprehensIve, Member States, particularly those that have contin- just and durable peace be achieved. ued to lend credence and support to Pn':toria, to take 242. In preparing for the conference it ,is crucial resolute s~eps t9 sec~re the objec~ive of a non-racial that clear and agreed terms of reference be establish- democratIc sOcIety m South Africa. ed on the basis of the core issues of the conflict: that 251, As a member of the United Nations CouHcil is, the legitimate right of self-determination and for Namibia, Indonesia has grave misgivings that, as sovereign nationhood for the Palestinian people; time passes with no real progress towards Namibian Israeli withdrawal from an Arab territories occupied independence, the United Nations plan for Namibia since 1967, including Jerusalem; and the need of the is moving ever closer to becoming a dead letter. As States in the region to live in peace, within interna- the phn continues to languish, the Pretoria regime tionally recognized boundaries. It is our fervent hope has become even more emboldened in its reliance on that the negotiations at the conference on these terms pretext after pretext and manoeuvre after manoeuvre of reference will lead to the implementation of a just to impose its own illegal internal solution on the and comprehensive settlement. Territory. Despite the many broken promises by the Mr Choudhury (Bangladesh) Vice-President took colonial regime, the valia.nt Namibian people, under the Chair ' , the leadership of SWAPO, have demonstrated their 243. Gi~en the complexity of the issues involved, it ,!eter~ination to .a~hieve the total and genuine is critical that the major Powers demonstrate their hberatlOn of N~mlbIa. . concurrence and support by actively and construc- 252: South Afnca must p~t be allowed to pursue Its tively participating in the preparations for the peace tactl.cs of fUI'~her und~rmmmgthe terms .of the pla~, conference partIcularly ID the lIght of the SecurIty Councl1 .' . . . decision [resolution 539 (1983)] unequivocally reaf- 2.44. A full two years after the brutal IsraelI .mv~- firming that it is utterly unacceptable to link the SI0t:l, the L~banese people haye found no respIte In United Nations plan to extraneous and irrelevant theu suffenng und~r occupa~lO~. The past year ~as issues, for they' can only have a disastrous impact not even recorded an .mcreas~d IncIdence of repreSSIve only on NamIbia i'.self but also on the States in the measures and arbItrary vIolence. regIOn of southern Africa as a whole. N~mibia 245. It is unfortunate that the most recent efforts by remains the only colonial Territory for which the the Security Council to redress the desperate situa- United Nations has assumed total responsibility, and tion of the civilians in occupied Lebanon were we, the Members, have a solemn obligation to the thwarted by a single negative vote, especially in the Namibian people to fulfil our common commitment light of the Council's unanimous call in 1982 for the to achieve the genuine decolonization and indepen- total withdrawal of all Israeli forces. dence of Namibia. 246. Israel's stranglehold on southern Lebanon has 253. A full two years have passed since the armed tightened to the point of threatening the country's confrontation over the Malvinas Islands. We note economic viability, by isolating southern'Lebanon with appreciation the initiative of the Swiss Govern- from the rest of the country. ment m July last to facilitate direct contact between 247. The arduous task undertaken by the people of the two parties. We h~pe that .negotiations vyill be Lebanon of restoring their unity through national renewed to :esolve ~~IS fest~r!ng problem ID the reconciliation and bringing a sense of normalcy ~ontext ofthe geo-pohtical r~ahtles and the long-term through national reconstruction is being seriously mterests of the two countnes. challenged by these Israeli actions. Indonesia there- 254. In facing the specific manifestations of the fore fully supports Lebanon's demand for the jmme- challenges and problems in Central Americat my ~us on the Conta~ora Act on Peace and Co-operation thro~ghout the depths of the recession and are again In Cen~ral Am~nca [see A/39/~62]. We are hop~ful posting satisfactory growth rates. But that overall that thiS Act.wIll bec~me a basIs for peace, st~blhty assessment masks many externally induced prob- and good-nelghbourhness throughout the regIOn. lems. Some 900 million people in Asia are still living 255. The quests for peace, security, disarmament tenuously under the poverty line. Problems of popu- and development are inextricably linked. Malaise, lation and massive unemployment still pose grave fear and uncertainty are not the exclusive features of challenges to any development scheme, however the political arena. They also pervade the domain of well-conceived. The magnitude and thus the gravity international economics and, as in politics, they can of these problems cannot be discounted. Any down- be effectively overcome only through close interna- turn in the world economy therefore could have tional co-operation. To act otherwise is to court incalculable costs in human terms for this region. disaster. . . 260. For those reasons and more, Indonesia strong- 256. Ten years have now passed sl~ce the adoptIon ly believes that the developing countries cannot stand by ~he General Asse~bly of resolutIon .3201 (S.-VI), and wait for a dubious trickling down ofan uncertain callmg ~or the esta~hshment of a new mternatlOnal recovery. Hence, recovery and the reactivation of econ~mlCorder, which gave us hope,for a new era of development should be jointly stimulated. Concerted multIlateral deyelopment co-operatIon. Four years and collective action by each and all mr,mbers of the have elapse~ smce the General Assembly launc~ed international community, and particularly by the the .lnternatI~nalDevelopment Strategy for the Th~rd economically powerful, are indispensable if a sus- Umted NatIOns Development I?e~~d~ [resolutlOn tained, global economic recovery is to be achieved. 35/56, annex]. Regrettably, both mltIatIves are now .. apparently sidelined in favour of unilateral expedi- 261. In !hls.era ~f mterdepe.ndence no country can ence and opportunism. Their failure stands as an develop m IsolatIon, and mdeed the d~veloped indictment of our times. Instead of an increase in countnes are a.lso depen~ent on th~ economic he~lth international co-operation, we see multilateralism on of the developlI!g countnes for theIr own prosperIty. the retreat, development co-operation on the defen- However, one Important lesson that we ca~ draw sive and the gap ofeconomic disparity and inequality f~om ~he past several years of .extremely dIfli~ult continuing to widen. This anomalous situation is the !Imes IS perhaps t.he.fact 0: ~ persistent asymmet.ncal major challenge facing our collective wisdom and mterdependence I~ mternatIonal econC!mlc relatIon~. resolve at this Assembly session. :Therefore, the a~m s~ould be genUII;le econo~lc , mterdependence m which the developmg countnes 25,7. .The state of the w<:>rld ~conomy als~ reflects are active and equal partners and their economies thIS dIlemma. TI~e headhnes m the media. of the not merely by-products of the economic advances of developed countnes have generally charactenzed the the North world economy as one well embarked on a course ... . . towards recovery. In consequence, the developing 262. qn the Issue of mstltutlOnal and structu!al countries are urged to wait patiently for the transmis- change I~ the ~o~ld economy, the outlook r~mams sion of the recovery's benefits down to them. But deeply dlsappomt.mg. Procedural hurdles ~o~tmue to there is another world and another perspective. For blo~k the la~mchmg of the global negotIatIons and three quarters of mankind the realities stand in stark !heIr resol~tlon seems more remote than ever. The~e contrast to this optimistic scenario. The economic IS no denymg, ho~ever, that glo.bal problems nece~sl- upswing has, for the most part, continued to elude tate global sC!lutIOns. IndoneSia th~refore remams them. Stagnation and retrenchment are in general strongly convmced that unless the Issues of trad.e, their common plight. High interest rates, protection- mo~e~, finance an~ developm~nt can be treated m ism, sha-.p declines in commodity prices, unemploy- theIr Inseparable mt.e~connectIon,.the results can ment, debt crises and liquidity problems compose only be] at best, pro.vl.sIOnal. S~me Issues ne~d to b.e much of the injurious mosaic of 1ifficulties that dealt with on an l.ndlvldl;1al basIs t~rough an Immedl- currently affiict their economies. ate-measures pohcy. ~hls we rea~lze. NC!ne the less, 258. In the field of international trade, it is a cruel we ~hould never lose SIght of the Imperative need for paradox that the developed counUies counsel devel- an mtegrated global approach. oping countries on the b~nefits of increased partici- 263. In the North-South context, two important pation in global trade while at the same time erecting international conferences took place this yeat'o The more restrictive barriers to their products. The' International Conference on Population, b~ld at communiques of the economic summits held at Mexico City from 6 to 14 August, addressed popula- Williamsburg in May 1983 and in London last June tion problems that have emerged since the World [see A/39/304] notwithstanding, protectionism con- Popuhtion Conference held at Bucharest 10 years tinues to exact a heavy toll. Compounding this ago. Indonesia, as the fifth most populous nation on dilemma, the sharp decline in commodity prices and earth, is acutely aware of the complexity of the a corresponding decline in access to development population issue and of its vital interrelationships financing have forced the developing countries to with resources, food, the environment and develop- s~condly, development-oriented population policies should be formulated to stimulate and promote development. It is important that we do not allow the momentum generated at Mexico City to dissipate. The recommendations for the fm1her implementa- tion of the World Population Pian of Action13 and the Mexico City Declaration on Population and Development,13 adopted by the Conference, should be vigorously implemented both for our mutual benefit and m trust for the generations to come. 264. The outcome of the Fourth General Confer- ence of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, held at Vienna from 2 to 19 August, fell far short ofour expectations. The preamble to the Conference's conclusions and recommendations, 14 describing the world economic situation and its influence on the industrialization process in the developing countries, failed to achieve consensus. Likewise, two extremely important, indeed outstand- ing, issues-namely, the mobilization of financial resources for industrial development and world in- dustrial restructuring and redeployment-embodied in two draft resolutions,15 met with a similar fate. These two issues will be taken up at this session of the General Assembly. Indonesia still strongly be- lieves that the goals and targets set out in the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Devel- opment and Co-operation16 and the New Delhi Declar :)0 and Plan of Action on Industrialization of Developing Countries and International Co-opera- tion for their Industrial Development17 are of critical importance for the accelerated development of the developing countries. 265. As a country actively engaged in national development, Indonesia attaches the utmost impor- tance to the International Development Strategy for the Third United Nations Development Decade [resolution 35/56. annex]. Consequently, we voice our deep concern over the crucial lack of political will demonstrated at the meetings of the Committee on the Review and Appraisal of the Implementation of the International Development Strategy for the Third United Nations Development Decade [see A/39/48 and Corr.] and 2]. To our regret, despite the unani- mous recognition of both the dismal performance in the implementation of the International Develop- ment Strategy to date and its dire consequences for the economies of the developing countries, those States that could play a leading role in resolving the situation seem to be at best indifferent. However, we continue to believe in the validity and authenticity of the goals, objectives and general orientation of the Strategy. In its further implementation, the political determination of the international community is pivotal. 266. Another issue which deserves the urgent re- sponse of the international community is the critical- ly depressed economic situation in Africa caused by the prolonged drought, rapidly expanding desertifica- tion and the severe global recession. We are deeply disappointed that the second regular session of the Economic and Social Council, held at Geneva from 4 to 27 July 1984, failed to reach consensus on the desperate plight faced by millions of people in the affected c~ilntries. This session of the General As- 268. Let me now touch briefly on some social issues of deep concern to my country. The year 1985 will mark the end of the United Nations Decade for Women. Considerable progress has already been achieved in enhancing the role and responsibilities of women in society in general. But other and more formidable challenges embodied in the Programme of Action for the Second Half of the United Nati011S Decade for Women19 still lie ahead. We trust th2lt these challenges will be effectively addressed at th~~ World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace, to be held in 1985 at Nairobi. 269. One of the most important and concrete achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women was the adoption by the General Assembly in 1979 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [resolution 34/180. annex]. The Indonesian G,overnment has ratified this Convention not only because its tenets are in full accord with the rights already guaranteed to women by our Constitution but also because it will reinforce the effectiveness of those rights universally. 270. On the problem of refugees, the considerable response of the international community was once again demonstrated at the Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa, held at Geneva from 9 to 11 July 1984. As in Asia, while pertinent assistance has been forthcoming, the con- tinued support of the international community is paramount. 271. Another area of deep concern to Indonesia is that ofchildren-a most vulnerable sector-in which millions of lives have been threatened by the global economic downturn. UNICEF's child survival and development strategy stands as a beacon of hope for further reducing mortality among infants and young children. The recent supportive public statements from world leaders, including the Secretary-General, are important factors in creating a climate conducive to making substantial progress in child health throughout the world. The opportunity to accelerate child survival and development should not be al- lowed to pass, even in these difficult times. Indo- nesia, in co-operation with UNICEF, has achieved important breakthroughs. Consequently, infant mor- tality rates have been significantly reduced in In- donesia. 272. Last January my Government had the honour to host at Jakarta, the Conference of the Ministers of op~ration. What,is more, the United Nations" the 285. The concepts of integration have vanished. unt~ersal. e:r:nbodu:~ent of ,the concept of J;l1ultI1at- International order appears to be in a ~recarious eralIsm, IS lOcreasmgly bemg bypassed or Ignored. situation. A joint destiny appears not to eXIst for us. 275. My delegation fully a~rees with the Secretary- Peace has not established its authorit~ in the ~orld. General that, at this critical Juncture in the life of the We are moving tow~rds th~ year 2900 m the mIdst of Organization, the overriding need is for ,all.Member dangero~s ten~encles .whlch polOt to. chaos and States to rededicate themselves to the prlOclples and anarchy m the lOternatIOnal system, whIch we must purposes of the Charter of the United Nations by avoid. making them the basis of their day-to-day relations 286. The long and distressing war between Iran and between Governments and between peoples. Iraq, the guilty silence in the face of t~e tragedy ofthe 276. The impending fortieth anniversary of the Af&han people, the justified desperatIon of th~ Pa~es- Organization provides us with a timely opportunity timan people, the dangerous and u!1sta~l~ sltuat~on to renew our faith in the United Nations system as in the Middle East, and the economIC CflSIS affect109 the unique and indispensable forum for harmonizing the international community are only some of the the interests and actions of nations in the realization manifestations of the deterioration of coexistence of mankind's hopes for peace and equitable develop- that we are witnessing today. ment for al!. Beyond this a9t of rededication, how- 287. Compounding this state of affairs, which is ever, ther~ IS also an und~nlable n.eed to strength~n serious enough in itself, is the incapacity of the the ~apaclty of. the ,Umted NatIOns to fulfil ItS United Nations to act and create a clImate of functIo~s.as outhne~ ~n the ~harter and to en~ance minimum consensus suggestin~ some real and just the valIdIty anq ?tI1~ty of ItS organs. Only I~ all solutions. All of us are responSIble for this situatIOn, Member States Jom m thIS effort, through actIons some for excessive politicization in our debates and rather than v\'ords, throu~ concrete proposals for others for believing that, to resolve it, a solution must refor~ ra~her t~an r~etoflc, can we ensure th~t t~e be sought outside the institutions we created precise- OrgamzatIon WIll agam resu~e the role for WhICh It ly to deal with the type of difficulties we face today. was cre~ted.: a central and solId fra~~work .for a ne':V Instead of seeking a solution to these mistaken and reVItalIzed world. order. Thus hS fortIeth anm- tendencies, new steps are taken, actions which disre- versary .commemoratIon may yet become a true gard all the accumulated experience of the existing celebratIOn. organizations. These new measures prove to be 277. Mr. del VALLE ALLIENDE (Chile) (interpre- failures within a short time since the rOOl of the tationfrom Spanish): Sir, it gives me great pleasure to problem is the lack of political will to apply them, ~l4. The 1980-1983 recession has been the most the Charter, such as the continuing activities of the Secretary-General on behalf of peace and, more protracted and perhaps the most profound of the last particularly, his action with regard to the conflicts 50 years. Trade and international finance have ft!· hP' G If. th M'ddl E C undergone tremendous pressures. Signs of recovery a ectIng t e ersaan u, e least, yprus, Afghanistan and Kampuchea. These are actIvities are now being noted in the economies of the industri- which my country considers of outstanding impor- al nations. However, the lack of international co- tance and which it supports. operation not merely hinders the extension of this recovery to the developin$ nations, but contributes to 303. In this connection, my country wishes to refer the persistence of the CriSIS among them with serious to some aspects of the international panorama which implications for their social and political stability. cause concern to the international community and 295. This situation has particularly affected Latin are of particular concern to Chile. America. The crisis in our region is to be seen in the 304. As an active and long-standing member of the contraction of productive capacity, in the deteriora- United Nations Council for Namibia, we see with tion of the terms of trade, in the enormous increase some uneasiness the perpetuation a situation which in unemployment, in the squandering of the region's the entire international community, without excep- economic notential, in the inflationary tendencies tion, has condemned. Again we associate ourselves which have spread in some countries and in the net with those who call for the implementation of decline in the inflow of capital. Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 296. Nevertheless, the symptom and the cause 305. In the Middle East, it is essential to promote which contributed to provoking the crisis are em- realistic initiatives for peace. In order to create an bc-died in the overwhelming foreign debt affecting atmosphere conducive to a resolution ofthe problem, Hi'; greater part of the region. it is necessary to take a realistic and moderate 297. The Latin American countries have made an approach, discarding heightened rhetoric. Chile enormous readjustment effort to overcome the crisis. maintains that it is essential to reco$nize the right of They have assumed, at great sacrifice to their peo- all States in the re~ion to exist WIthin secure and pies, their responsibility to initiate a process of recognized borders; It is lessential to make the right of economic recovery. But external factors predominate the Palestinian people to self-determination effective, in the crisis, imposing impossible constraints on their including the right to establish a State, and, in efforts to overcome the economic situation in which accordance with Security Council resolution 242 they find themselves. We are limited by factors that (1967), it is essential to ensure that Israel withdraw are beyond our control. from the occupied territories. g~ves grounds for euphoria or optimism. 329. Military confrontations, open or covert con.. flicts and the critical tensions that have affected various regions of our planet for years, and in some cases for many years, persist, frequently with in.. creased savagery. The use of force. and the threat of the use of force are increasing. Fr~nch colleague, Mr. Claude Cheysson, who some time ago proposed a "planetary New Deal". He said: "It is a planetary New Deal that should be talked about today, the granting of the right to develop- ment, to consumption, for hundreds of millions of people. Have we forgotten that our prosperity in the 1950s and 1960s was possible only because earlier the less-advanced sectors of industrialized societies had gained access to consumer and leisure markets as a consequence of bold social measures adopted before and immediately after the war: in the United States, thanks to the New Deal; in England, following the policy set out by Beveridge; and in France, by the reforms of 1936 and those following the liberation? A voluntarist policy must permit this same progress at the world level in the years to come." 350. If we are faced with a crisis today, it is due in large measure to the fact that the economic machine is blocked owing to inequality in the distribution of revenues at the world level: on the one hand, there are countries which have a powerful industrial base but lack outlets; on the other hand, there are very many nations lacking in purchasing power. 351. External aid, however, can reactivate the econ- omy in the third world only if it is synchronized judiciousl~' with appropriate internal policies. The cons~quences of international monetary and eco- nomic disorder are too grave not to impose urgently on the internatioTldl community the obligation to work in common with foresight to restore order under the auspices of the United Nations. 352. But the objectives ofttIe Charter of the United Nations will not be realized and the mission of the Organization will not be accomplished unless the safeguarding of peace and economic development are matched everywhere with effective respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with the expressed provisions of the Universal Declara- tion of Human Rights and later conventions con- nected with it. 353. Unfortunately, there is ever more frequent confirmation that in various parts of the world flagrant violations of those international covenants are being committed almost daily: racial discrimina- tion, arbitrary arrests, improper detentions, particu- larly in psychiatric hospitals, torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, and limitations. on the free movement of people are current practices in many countries and are offences to human dignity. 354. The new Government of Luxembourg formed after the legislative elections of 17 June 1984 will adopt a particularly firm and steadfast position in this area. It will never hesitate to stigmatize such acts and condemn them unreservedly, whatever the coun- try in which they occur and under whatever pretext "that all human rights and fundamental freedoms are indivisible and interrelated and that the pro- motion and protection of one category of rights should never exempt or excuse States from the promotion and protection of the others". 357. The impartial and persistent efforts of Amnes- ty International over the years to make international public opinion aware of the violations of human rights deserve praise and encouragement. The Hu- man Rights Committee, for its part, whose mission is to follow the obligations assumed by Member States, would benefit from bringing its investigation to bear on specific consideration of the individual cases before it rather than on a general analysis of the constitutional rules and laws in force, whose scope frequently remains theoretical. 358. The preparation by the Commission on Hu- man Rights of a draft convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment22 will make it possible, we hope, to expand usefully the framework of the conventional provisions applicable in this area. But it is essential that articles 19 and 20 of the draft, relating ~·.O the submi5sion and consideration of reports by States and to the establishment of an arrangement for investigations, are an integral part of the system for the mandatory implementation of the convention, to be applied to all States which adhere to it. 359. We condemn and reject once again most categorically the policy of apartheid pursued by South Africa, which should put an end to it once and for all by establi~iling a democratic society in which the fundamental freedoms and political fights of all citizens are respected. In addition, South Africa should stop blocking Namibia's accession to indepen- dence by complying with Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 360. When mentioning the problem of human rights, I cannot pass over in silence the concerns mingled with hope and sympathy which we feel given the development ofthe situation in Poland, where we welcome the measures of amnesty in favour of political prisoners. We hope that the authorities will enter into a sincere and genuine dialogue with the organizations representing the labour movement, which would be a first step towards genuine national reconciliation. 361. An undeniable assault on human rights and on the right of peoples to self-determination is, unfor- tuntely, lingering stubbornly in Afghanistan. The Soviet military intervention which has continued over the past four and a half years is growing in savagery following an increase ID methods used to put an end to popular resistance, particularly by high- altitude bombing. The outside world cannot stifle its condemnation in the light of such a merciless escala- tion. A peaceful settlement in keeping with the various resolutions adopted over the last few years by mmeswet~pmg. Morocco, based on resolutions of the OAU and the 393. Our area is still replete with problems. There is United Nations. the war betw~en .Iraq and Iran~ yv~ich is ~nte.ring. its 402. The only w~y to settle the problem of Cyprus fourth year with l!lcre~sed ~ostIhtIes.and .IS wld~mng is for all foreign troops to be withdrawn from that m scope. The situatIon IS becommg mcreasmgly country and fOT its independence, sovereignty, terri- grave and daJ?gerous. It behoves us all, therefore, to torial integrity and non-ali~ned status to be ensured. ~ake all p~sslble efforts.at all levels to put an end to Separatist plans to divide the island must be rejected, It! to stop It from spreadmg, and to resort ~o pea~e~ul and the dialogue between the Greek and Turkish ~Ialogue ~o as no~ to l~ave any room for Impenah3t Cypriot communities must be pursued. mterventIons, WhiCh wI!1 not s~rve the mterests of!he 403. We cannot but express again our support for peol?l~s of the area m theIr quest for secunty, the proposals put forward by the Democratic Peo- stabilIty an.d pro.gr~ss. . . pIe's Republic of Korea, within the framework of the 394. The Impenahsts and colomahsts endeavour to efforts to obtain the peaceful reunification of Korea. destabilize ~ndependent nat}onal regimes and to 404. We support also the proposals presented by obs~ruct their. development m o,rder ~~o perp.etuate Afghanistan and the co.untries of Indo-~hina for thel.r selfish. mterests, whether m A"la, Afnca or dialogue and understandmg among the natIons con- Latm Amenca. cerned in order to establish peace and stability in the 395. Southern Afric~ is still lang~Jis~ing under.the region~. yok~ of ~he most ternble. form of flCISt oCcup~tlOn, 405. There is still a negative escalating spiral in the persec"!tlOn .and. opp~esslOn, and .of apartheid! ~nd international economic crisis, and its effects seriously the racist mmonty, ~Ith the co!l~slon of !mpenahsts prejudice the interests of developing countries, par- and Israel, fi~hts. agams~ the mlhtan~ Afnca~ masses ticularly the least developed among them. Unfortu- who are contmumg their struggle With herOism and nately, the efforts by the developing countries to steadfastness. contain the crisis and minimize the damage it causes 396. Western attempts to circumvent the resolu- have met with obstacles set up by the Western tions of the United Nations and the international industrialized countries. There is still insistence on community in order to collaborate with the racist dealing with the problem in ways that are insufficient regime and end its isolation, including inviting its and inappropriate, given the extent of the crisis with Prime Minister for official visits, will lead to in- its numerous intemr..tional commercial, monetary creased stiffening of South Africa's attitude towards and financial aspects. the peoples of the country. 406. In this respect, we wish to reaffirm that 397. We reaffirm our full support for the struggle of economic recovery in the industrialized countries those peoples and their national liberation move- will not alleviate some aspects of the crisis unless it is ments, in particular SWAPO. We call for the imme- accompanied by practical steps to eliminate protec- diate implementation of Security Council resolution tionist barriers, reduce interest rates and solve the 435 (1978), concerning the effective independence of problems facing the developing countries, which see Namibia, so that this militant people may achieve their debts mounting up unceasingly, forcing them to freedom and national independence. cut their development programmes to the very bone. 398. In Latin America, and in particular Central 407. A comprehensive solution to the deteriorating America, the present United States Administration ;.nternational economic crisis lies in the reconstruc- has made it crystal clear that it will not let the tion of international economic relations and in peoples there freely choose their own way to exercise rekindling global negotiations with a view to estab- their rights to development and to liberation from lishing a new international economic order. We dependence and exploitation. It continues to resort to cannot, however, conceal the frustration felt by the all kinds of pressures, international terrorism and developing countries as a result of the failure to covert and overt intervention, military and non- achieve concrete results-a failure caused by the lack military, against peoples and States. This is what of response by the industrialized countries to the happened in Grenada and Nicaragua, and it is also proposals recently put forward by the developing shown by the escalation of the blockade of Cuba and countries. Furthermore, the meetings to review and the persistence of its presence in Guanhinamo and evaluate the International Development Strategy for Puerto Rir.:o. It does not cease its conspiracies and the Third United Nations Development Decade have manoeuvres nor its attempts to put an end to the not so far achieved satisfactory results. national liberation movements in El Salvador, Chile 408. Democratic Yemen, as one of the least devel- and Guatemala. oped countries, is particularly affected by the conse- 399. We support the efforts of the Contadora quences of the international economic crisis. As a Group to establish peace and st~bility in Central result ~f that crisis, ~ur cou~try, which has .meagre America free of the influence and Interference of the financial resources, IS suffermg from the flse and United States in the internal affairs of the region, and fluctuations of prices of imported manufactured

At this morning's meeting I drew the attention of members of the General Assembly to the letter I received from the representa- tive of Botswana dated 26 September 1984, in which, in his capacity as Chairman of the Group of African The meeting rose at 8 p.m. NOTES IA/S-1l/14, annex I. 2Frente Popular para la Liberaci6n de Saguia el-Hamra y de Rio de Oro. 30fjicial Records of the General Assembly, 'l'hirty-fifih Session, Supplement No. 24 (A/35/24), vot. I, annex 11. 4/bid., Twenty-foUt'th Session, Annexes, agenda item 106, docu- ment A/7754. sSee Ofjicial Records of the Security Council, Thirty-seventh Year. Supplement for October, November and December /982. document S/1551O, annex. 60fjicial Records ofthe Third United Nations Conference on the Law ofthe Sea, vo!. XVII (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.84.V.3), document A/CONF.62/122. 7Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in W~,r of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925. (League of Nations, Treaty Series. vot. XCIV (1929), No. 2138.) 8E/1984/68, para. 6. 90fjicial Records of the General Assembly. Twenty-seventh Ses- sion, Supplement No. 27 (A/27/27), annex I. 100fjicial Records of the Security Council, Thirty-ninth Year, Supplement for July, August and September /984. document S/16732. II/bid., Thirty-eighth Year, Supplement for July, August and September /983, document S/15999, annex. 12See Report oJ the International Conference on Kampuchea (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.8l.I.20), annex I. 13See Report of the International Conference on Population. /984. Mexico City, 6-/4 August /984 (United Nations publica- tion, Sales No. E.84.XIII.8 and corrigenda), chap. I. 14See ID/CONF.5/46, chap. 11, sect. A. IS/bid., sect. C. 16A/IOI12, chap. IV. 17ID/CONF.4/22 and Corr.l, chap. VI. 18A/36/333 and Corr.l, annex. 19See Report of the World Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace, Copenha- gen, 14-30 July /980 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.80.IV.3 and corrigendum), chap. I, sect. A. 20United Nations, Treaty Series, vot. 402, No. 5778.