A/39/PV.12 General Assembly

On behalf of the General Assembly, I have the honour to welcome to the United Nations Mr. Fernando Belaunde Terry, the President of the Republic of Peru, and to invite him to address the Assembly. 2. Mr. BELAUNDE TERRY (interpretation from Spanish): To come to the rostrum of the General Aseembly is cause for deep emotion. One feels the mysterious force of world brotherhood even though thIS does not conceal the clouds on the horizon. We must place ourselves above all controversy and seek only peace. Our feelings at the beginning of this address are those of sympathy and solidarity with those who do not enjoy peace, with those whose lives are threatened and whose property is destroyed, with those who have faced fratricidal wars and have been maimed, with those who are the living testimony to acts of violence and intolerance. 3. Or..e mi~h':. wDnder why the United Nations has not prevented those evii actions, but perhaps we fail to see how much suffering has been avoided by means of quiet and intense actions, how mCl.ny tears have not been shed and how much blood has not been spilt as a result of the persistent efforts of this great universal institution. However, we cannot really live in tranquillity so long as peace does not prevail all over our planet. May our words and our deeds together work towards that lofty objective. 4. From this rostrum authoritative words have been spoken by high-ranking world dignitaries on ques- tions relating to arms. I am not a special authority on those questions. For that reason I ~han deal mainly with matters falling within my competence and the competence of Latin American nations: the threat of financial colonialism on the one hand, and the threat of terrorism on the other. 5. Following the oil crisis and the proliferation of Eurodollars, a change took place in credit systems. Great encouragement was given to the investment of these great flows of capital, and this imposed a responsibility on the debtor nations as well on the lenders. Enormous obligations were thus created, and now we face difficulties in trying to repay. 6. World organizations have endeavoured to find formulas in this regard, and the formula most frequently resorted to is that of prescribing a drastic reduction in public expenditure, which can be NEW YORK summed up in the word "austerity". I should like to explain at this moment-which is of such great importance to me-that austerity in itself does not resolve the problem. We would have to add to it an expression that would complete the idea-"austerity without recession"-because austerity in itself can bring peoples to a state of paralysis and can become the breeding-ground for greater concerns and perhaps for confrontation. 7. World peace requires that a solution be found to the problem of indebtedness-a realistic solution. Of course we accept advice with regard to seeking economic health. We welcome prescriptions, but we should not wish them to become a kind of death certificate. There must be a clear conception of the fact that r.usterity must go along with new measures towards development. All credit granted for develop- ment must be revised and brought into line with the: conditions which prevail today. If we continue to follow the old patterns, paralysis will be inevitable, and that paralysis must be of fundamental concern to the United Nations, because it could be a prelude to war. 8. Here very often when the arms race and nuclear weapons are discussed one may perhaps see in them the major threat, and all our concerns are focused on them, but we must also consider the concern over wars in gestation which are based on economic problems, on unemployment, on malnutrition, which are brought about by an economic system that is not well suited to present-day realities. 9. Austerity without recession means, for us, a policy that would accept the principle of fiscal discipline, of cuts in so far as the'y are possible, but without going beyond what is possible. We all know that in our countries, particularly in Latin American countries, most of the budget is devoted to the payment of wages and services, and therefore only a very small part is devoted t0 public works and to capital formation by the State. Therefore, of course, an exa~erated cut would tend to bring about the eliminatIOn of those items, and thus the State becomes a spectator rather than an actor. It ceases to be an important employer, and it defers works, usually having to do with public health, education, energy supplies and nutrition. We must therefore ask from this rostrum that the competent organs speed up the processes, that they seek better absorption of resources in world markets and that they grant credits speedily, attempting to reduce in so far as possible the local counterpart, because the lending of credit on the basis of a high local counterpart makes it almost impossible to use the funds. 10. In my country and in the Andean region generally, and most particuhrly in Ecuador and Colombia, our immediate neighbours, where we still see the tradition of an old society, where there are ful~ s.upphes-~upphe~whIch we now long for-a.nd have been cruelly and treacherollsiy" assassinated. At a reglI?e ,Preyal!ed ~hlch ~e1alded our presr.nt poh~y least 100 defenders of public order have lost their of soc~alJustIce, durmg a tIme.when people ha,d to till lives iL the past three years, and hundreds of the sOli for the orphans, the widows and the dIsabled. innocent and peaceful peasants, tradesmen and 11. Such a society, which some find Utopian and members of indigenous communities have also fa11- some find merely archaic, has left us with a basic en. In some cases the aggressors too have iost their teaching. It has shown us that it is possible to have lives. But, for us, all blood shed is equally important governmental organization and social justice even in and all snffering touches us. the absence of mone¥. Today's world lacks money- 18. We therefore hope that these terrorist move~ not completely, but In part. No one would ask ~hat ments, which always have international origins, may we go back, but 'Ye ~hould note that there ~s a be wiped out. It is a fundamental task of the United prece~ent and that JustIce and order can. be attame,d Nations to put an end to them. To effect a cure is even m the absence o~ J.11.oney. That .IS ~he baSIC much more costly and complicated. We must eradi- messag~of the Andean clylhzatIons at thIS. tIme w~en cate the scourge of terrorism. money IS so scarce. That IS why we seek thIS blendmg, . . . , not only of races, of Europeans and of the indigenous 19. That thIS movement has ansen. not from wlthm populations of our continent, but a blending which is the affected country but from WIthout ~as been expressed in all spheres of action and culture, and amply demonstrated by the fact t~at there IS a w~ll- vne that should not exclude a mixing of the economy. thought-out st.rategy of, destructl~n of the e~t~re . energy system. The mam target IS the electrICIty 12. I:or that reaso~, any proposal made to Latm system of a country, a system built with much ~menca, and espe~I~lly to. those a~eas where the sacrifice and invested with the hopes of the people. tIme-ho~ou~ed tradItIOns stIll prevaIl and t~e old Terrorists attempt to halt rural electrificatiDn, which popul~tlon IS found to. be pure and almost mu~ct, we are all interested in advancing. Electricity to\\l~rs must go through a regl<?nal screen~ a sc~een ~hlch are toppled, energy cables are cut, power-stations are allows for t~e re~ffirmmg of natlOn~1 Ide~tlty, a blown up and communication lines are cut by the screen of re,ah~m; it must not be a foreIgn, alIen and blowing up of bridges. Poor countries which have cold prescnptlOn. scarcely sufficient resources for their development, 13. There is a tendency to resolve economic prob- given the popillation explosion, find that they must lems in terms of balance, in terms of figures, in terms use their resources not to create new wealth but to of red and black, but such balance sheets do not replace what hc.',s been destroyed by such cowardly resolve the problem unless they take into account the acts. p~li~ical and social sit.u~tion ~nd, above a~1, the 20. The international nature of this problem is mmlmum standard of hvmg whIch we all deSIre for confirmed in the communication system because, our peoples. whenever damage is done, the news automatically 14. I therefore take the opportunity of my presence goes around the world. It is exaggerated and it is used at this august rostrum to reiterate the appeal which I to the detriment of the country in which the terrorist have made in other forums for a change to be act originated. This has been proved time and again. ~ffected. in the financial and credit ~ystems at the 21. Finally, terrorism is related to another scourge mternatIonal level so that we may assIst our peoples of humanity, the r 'lg trade. The drug trade finances to move forward. terrorism. It is tht; marriage of crime and vice. Out of 15. In brief, our request is that at the economic and that marriage has been born this threat to peaceful financial levels we resort to creativity and to imagi- peoples whose normal lives shuuld be zealously nation to provide the answer that we continue to guarded by them and by the community of nations so seek. In the world today. the situation can be defined worthily represented in the United Nztions. in terms of ~nancial col.onialism, a~d dependency 22. Mr. President, the high office that you now can be .a~ serIOUS a questIOn no~ as It used to be at occupy and which has brought Zambia-that dear the pohtlcal level ,~(;fore the e~tlfe world aw~ke~ed and friendly nation-an election for which we con- to freedom and bewre the ceat,IOn of a~ org~nIzatI.on gratulate you, was once occupied by a modest, of the ~road scope of, ~he UnIted NatIOns m which humble and eloquent Peruvian, to whom I am the. natIOns 0'£ the wonu are represented and through attached by the strong bonds of family and mother- whIch all natIOns hav~ ac~ess to the world, deba,te a~d land. I am leferring to Victor Andres Belaunde. can mak~ known theIr Views on the baSiS of jUstice Victor Andres had the good fortune of witnessing the and eqUIty. birth of the United Nations and 22 years later, this 16. We are also concerned about the problem of OrganIzation, after having heard in this Hall his terrorism. Just as the arms race is a prelude to war- advocacy of world peace, saw him die, His last words and members of the Assembly have discussed that were divine words and they havt= continually been Secretary-gene~al on the work o~ the Orga~lzatIon available means to interfere in the internal affairs of [A/39/J], m whIch he made a det,aIled analYSIS of the Iraq and the countries of the region and, indeed, set-back suffered by the c~llectIve sys~e~. and the many other countries of the world. It seeks to export nee? to res~ore confidence m at:J.d credl~lhty to the its blood-stained and backward system to others, Umted NatIOns and to enh~nce.ltseffectIveness.. We ignoring the fact that that system is the purely share the Secretal):'-Gep.~rals vIews and .concluslOns internal concern of Iran and that no one in the world on the causes of thIs CflSIS and the neces51iy for them has the right to impose himself as guardian of others. to be redressed. 162 I 'h' 1 hI' . . . n pursumg t IS unnatura course, t e raman 155. It IS o~r vIew th~t, as w~ are on the eve ~f regime has resorted to all possible means of destruc- comme.mora~m,gthe fortIeth anp.~versa!y of th~ yp.lt- tion, sowing anarchy and launching open aggression. ed N~tlOns, It IS a hIghly propItIous tlI~e to m~tIate Instead of renouncing the expansionist policies and practIcal steps to convene such a specIal sessIOn. imperial ambitions of the former regime, it has 156. On the eve of celebrating the fortieth anniver- adopted them as its own. It has upheld the privileges sary of the establishment of the United Nations, let of the former regime and has used the military power us close our ranks in solidarity in the interest of that it has inherited from that regime to achieve its peace and prosperity for our peoples. Let us make own expansionist aims. this anniversarY a uniqu,e OPPOrtUfl!ty to achieve for 163. For its part, Iraq has tried by every means at future gen~ratlOnsreal VIctOrY over Ign,orance, ~o~er- its disposal to convince Iran of the necessity of ty, starvatIOn, fear, oppreSSIOn, terrOflsm and mJus- establishing good-neighbourly relations between the tlce, two countries and has avoided confrontation with 157. Mr. AZIZ (Iraq) (interpretation from Arabic): Iran. The Iranian regime, however, has persisted in At the outset, Sir, I extend to you my sincere its aggressive and expansionist policies and has congratulations upon your election as President of continued to fan the flames of dissension, conflict this session of the General Assembly. I am fully and war. con~dent ~hat your long exper~ence in, tpe United 164. From 1979 to t1: Art of the armed conflict Nat.lOns WIll e,nable ,us to achIeve p~sl~lve results on 4 September 1980, the Iranian regime committed dUrIng the se~slOn, ~t IS even more gratlfymg th~t the 249 violations of Iraqi airspace and 244 acts in which office <?f PreSIdent IS ~ssume~ by a representative of it opened fire on, attacked and shelled Iraqi border a~ Afncan c<?untry WIth whlc~ w~ have such close towns; it obstructed navigation in the Shatt AI-Arab, fnen,dly relatIons as those m,amtame~ between the and committed three acts of aggression against civil PreSIdents of our, two countrIes, Pres,ldent Kenneth aircraft and seven acts against economic facilities, ~aunda and PreSident S~ddam Hussem. The dele~a- including oil installations. All those acts of aggression tIon ,of my country wls~es to assure y~u of ItS are documented in official memoranda the Iraqi r~admess t<? ~xt~nd to you Its full co-~pe~atlOn WIth a Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent at the time to the vIew to faclhtatmg ~;'Qur tasks and brmgmg the ,work Iranian Embassy at Ba~hdad and to the Iranian of the present sessIOn to a successful conclUSIOn. Ministry of Foreign AffaIrS at Teheran. In a total of 158. I also extend our congratulations to Brunei 293 official memoranda, we drew the Iranian side's Darussalam, a fellow member of the Organization of attention to the gravity of such practices and acts and the Islamic Conference, upon its accession to mem- pointed out that the Iranian authorities bore respon- bership of the United Nations and wish it full sibility for their effects on the future of neighbourly success. relations between our two countries. 159. Every year the representatives of the peoples 165. On 4 September 1980, Iran started actual war of the world come to this important international against Iraq by opening heavy artillery fire on Iraqi forum to set forth their concerns. The most impor- border towns, causing losses in lives and severe tant matters emphasized by members of the interna- damage to property and threatenin~ the sovereignty tional community are peace and the right of peoples and security of Iraq. In the followmg days, Iranian to security, sovereignty and dignity, These principles armed forces attacked Iraqi oil installations, and and norms are at the very root of the United Nations: Iranian military aeroplanes launched an air raid they form a foundation without which the world against the border town of Mandali, On 12 Septem- would be exposed to dangers, to chaos and to the ber, Iranian armed forces opened fire on an Iraqi absence of justice, ship in Shatt AI-Arab and on Iraqi territory in the thl~ abnorma~ actl~n, which, among ot,her t~m~s, Zionist plan to fragment the Arab countries and r~cts.the dlsappomtment and frus~ratlOn bitterly Qnnex more Arab territory to the State of "Greater f b~ ItS authors, and to d~nounce It as a flagrant Israel". That aggression was also directed a~ainst the ,JlatlOn of the rules of re.latIo~s amohg State~ and a PLO as the legitimate and sole representatIve of the dangerous precedent .WhiCh, .,f not met with the Palestinian people. necessary firmness, Will certamly lead to chaos and ... pose a threat to the sovereignty, security and stability 187. Whtl.e call~n.g for mcrease~ support for the of the region. PLO and ItS legItimate leadership, Iraq also con- . . . demns all the plots concocted m an attempt to 182. It!S high .tlme .now that a ,new ~~proach was weaken the national Palestinian movement, place it a~opted m. d.ealmg. wIth ~he l~anIan ~e~lme. O,t~er- under guardianship or divest it of its power to make Wise, that regIme Will cont.mue ItS pernicIous polICies, independent decisions. In no circumstances can the whose harmful effects Will not .be confined to my existence of the Arab people of Palestine be ignored; country alone-my country has, mdeed, been able to nor is there a way to ignore its inalienable rights, repulse the aggressors, to te~ch them the lessons .they including its right to return to its homeland and its deserve and to crush all thel,f attacks on our terntory right to self-deterT"'ination. Similarly, there is no way one af~er the other.-but Will exten~ .also tc? all the to ignore the fact' 'the PLO is the legitimate and countr~esof th~ regIOn and t~ the legItimate lI~terests sole representatl\;.. vi that people. To ignore this fact of t~~ mternatlOnal communIty and the securIty and can only mean in reality total ali~nment with the stabilIty of the world. Zionist aggressors and the obstruction of the efforts 183. Our region suffers most severely from racist aimed at the restoration of peace and justice in the and expansionist policies as well as contempt for Middle East. 19~. We welcome in our midst a new Member of quote the words spoken by Prime Minister Wojciech the United Nations, Brunei Darussalam. Jaruzelski in f he Polish Parliament, 197. Not quite 200 years ago, on 5 May 1798, in the "was at loggeihead~ with her neighbours, entangled land which today hosts the United Nations, a nation- in 'exotic alliances' and banked naively on the *Mr. Olszowski spoke in Polish. The English version of his ~oodwill of the Western Powers, has receded far statement was supplied by the delegation. mto the past. Today Poland's place is unambigu- ...n',",".','7'C""~ ' ""' """'1'i!!' JJ._.~_ "" " ~ommuI?-Ity. By ~hIS I .mean, t~e ~emoval from the United States was spelled out in an official note I~ternatIonal re~atlons <:>f ~mperI~hst dIktat and mul- addressed to the United State~ Government on 3 tIp~onged c~ercIOn. ThIS IS preCIsely the task ~f the November 1983, and most recently in a document of Umted ~atIons, ~hose Chart~r lays down non-mter- 16 August 1984. A day later, a ceremony was held at ferenc,? m the mternal affaIrS of States and co- the White House which demonstrated yet again that operatIOn between them on equal terms. the United States means to press on with its blatant 208. In the last few years, hallowed principles of interference in Polish internal affairs. On this occa- international intercourse have been brutally violated sion, the objects of manipulation were not only by certain North Atlantic Treaty Organization recent developments but also more ancient history. [NATO] countries in their dealings w;" Poland. The The fortieth anniversary of the Warsaw uprising was attempts to use blackmail, diktat and rt;",c~ictions as used to hark back for manipulative purposes to such instruments of political pressure on Poland, a policy historic events as the Kosciuszko insurrection of of which the pr~3ent United States Administration is 1794, the November uprising of 1830 and the the driving force, were bound to prove a fiasco. January uprising of 1863, twisting their meaning to 209. The way in which some NATO countries have suit,the ~urrent needs of~he anti-communist cf.lsade. been treating Poland prompts thoughts that reach Al?-tI-Pohsh purposes dictated another attempt to back beyond the current ideological confrontation. r~mterpret the Yalta and Potsdam agr~ements, the We encountered instances of attitudes of expediency Fmal ~ct .of the Conference on S~cU:f1ty and Co- towards Poland much earlier in our history. There operatIOn m Eur~pe, sIgl?-ed at HelsmkI o.n 1 August were Western politicians in the past who applauded 1975, and,ot~er mternatIOnal a~cords. It IS therefore the partitions of Poland. We have not forgotten the worth pomtmg ~ut fro~ thIS rostFUm that ,the cynical response of Horace Sebastiani, the French Charter of ~he Untted Nations,. to WhI~h the Untted Foreign Minister, to the savage suppression of the States Presl~ent r~ferred 0l?- thl~ occaSIOn, expressly November uprising in Poland in 1831: "Order reigns states that: Not~mg contame~ m the pr~sent Char- in Warsaw"-words that were to epitomize the ter, shall autho~Ize '.': to mterve~e ,m. m~tt.ers whole of European reaction and feelings about whIch are essentIally ,~Ithm the domestIc JUrIsdIctIon Poland. We are familiar with the pro-tsarist, conser- of any State ... . vative attitude of America to the January uprising of 214. It should be recalled that bilateral!y, on 1 June 1863, which included the betrayal of the Kosciuszko, 1972, the United States q,nd Poland adopted a on which Polish patriots were sailing to assist their document in which they agreed that the development CL '1ntrymen fighting in Poland. At Versailles in 1919, of peaceful co-operation between nations must be some Western State!) opposed the reversion to Poland based on "the principles of territorial integrity and 2~7. We, are III favour ,?f the settlement o~ .the necessary. Societies expect greater involvement by d!sputes III South-East ASia. by means of poht!cal politicians in efforts to further understanding among dIalogue be:t\yeen, the States dIrectly concerned, wlth- nations, to eradicate prejudice, intolerance and arro- ?ut an~ outsl?e Illterference whatsoever, and o~ the gance and to show moderation in speech and respon- Immediate relllst~tem~nt of the Peop~e's Repubh~ of sibility in action. We hope that these aims will be Kampuchea to ItS nghtful place III the Umted reflected in the document which the General Assem- Nations. bly will most likely adopt in conjunction with the 238. We support the consistent struggle of the commemoration of the fortieth anniversary of the Korean people for reunification on the basis of the United Nations. recent co~structive proposal~ put forward by the 243. Our perception of the responsibility and the DemocratIc People's Repubhc of Korea. role of heads of State or Government is in tune with 239. Ten years have elapsed since the adoption by the initiatives of the Movement of Non-Aligned the General Assembly of the historic Charter of Countries. The correctness of our opinions was Economic Rights and Duties of States [resolution confirmed at the Meeting of Ministers for Foreign 3281 (XXIX)]. To this day it remains a document of Affairs and Heads of Delegation of the Non-Aligned immense significance. Although we are still a long Countries to the General Assembly at its Thirty- way from application of the principles of internation- eighth Session, held at United Nations Headquarters al economic relations, the intervening period has last October on the initiative of Mrs. Indira Gandhi, borne out the rightness and justice of the objectives which was also attended by the Chairman of the which that Charter delineated. In the light of that Council of State of the Polish People's Republic, Mr. Charter, we can clearly see that tensions in the Henryk Jablonski. It significantly broadened our political area are being used to destabilize economic comprehension of the position of the non-aligned co-operation and that disruptions of the latter in turn countries and the very positive role played by the impede the improvement of political relations. This Non-Aligned Movement in a number of matters of lowers the threshold of international security in its vital concern to the contemporary world. various fields, 244. In a year we shall be celebratin~ the fortieth 240. A serious problem for the world economy is anniversary of the founding of the Umted Nations. the global debt crisis, which cannot be solved on a Its second 40 years will be launched by the Interna- long-term basis without profound reforms in the tional Year of Peace. On 9 May 1985, we shall also world monetary system, the removal of protectionist have the fortieth anniversary of the victory of the barriers to the exports of debtor nations, a substantial united forces of democracy over fascism. We shall cut in effective interest rates and a flow of fresh observe this date as a day of struggle for peace and financial resources. Consequently, we are in agree- international security and against fascism, racism, ment with the recommendations of the meeting of hatred and intolerance. I should like to announce Ministers for Foreign Affdrs and Ministers ()f Fi- here that a World Congress of Intellectuals will be nance of 11 Latin American countries at Cartdgena held at Warsaw on this occasion. We count on all