A/39/PV.23 General Assembly

I have great pleasure in welcoming the Head of Government, Prime Minister for General and Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Suriname, Mr. Willem A. Udenhout, and inviting him to address the General Assembly. 2. Mr. UDENHOUT (Suriname): Sir, on behalf of the Government and people of the Republic of Suriname and on my own behalf I extend warm and hearty congratulations to you on your election as President of the thirty-ninth session of the General Assembly. I am convinced that your professional qualities and the services you have rendered so successfully in the past to the international commu- nity uniquely qualify you for this high office. We are certain that this body will conduct and complete its work efficiently and successfully under your compe- tent guidance. 3. At the same time, I wish to express my Govern- ment's gratitude for the balanced and effective way in which Mr. Jorge Illueca, of Panama, presided over the thirty-eighth session of the General Assembly. We wish him well. 4. The Secretary-General should be commended for his tireless efforts on behalf of the suffering world community longing for development, peace and stability. Much progress in these areas can be attrib- uted to his personal intervention in most delicate situations. 5. We welcome Brunei Darussalam to the family of nations and extend our best wishes to the Govern- ment and people of this new Member State. 6. Another year has passed since my delegation had the honour to address the General Assembly. AI- thoug!l it may be more appropriate to elaborate extensively on the significance of this lofty Organiza- tion at the commemoration of its fortieth a~niversa­ ry next year, I am seizing this opportunity to reiterate the adherence of my country to the prinCiples and the objectives of the United Nations. . 7. In E& world with growing antagonisms, the United Nations has an important role to play as a platform for dialogue, for reducing tension and solving con- flicts between States, for reshaping the world into one ofjustice, peace, prosperity and dignity for mankind and for bringing hope where despair exists. NEW YORK a~e convmced that this arbl~rary act~on wIll not m.eet on all States to co-operate to enable the United With the approval of the UnIted Nations communIty. Nations to conclude this fundamental convention. 17. ~ations may develop ~ifferences of opini~n 26. The question of Namibia, that unfortunate over tI.~ne on more or les~ basIc Issues.. ~he RepublIc example of inhuman treatment of blacks by white of Sunname, however, I~ of the opl?lon that ~o supremacists, confronts us once again on the agenda problem b~tween two,Partles or sovere.lgn State~ wIll of the General Assembly. On 27 August this year, the ever be fairly solved If they are not discussed m an United Nations Council for Namibia convened a hones~, fran.k ~nd fair dialo&ue. Afte.r all, this is the solemn meeting commemorating Namibia Day, the foundl~g I?rInclpl~ of the UnIted NatIons. We should anniversary of the day on which the people of follow It m all .cIrcumstances..T~erefore, we. stand Namibia launched their armed struggle against the ready, a~d publIc~y state our wdlIn~ness, to diSCUSS, racist regime of Pretoria, which has continued to at any ~Ime, the Issue of. co-ol?eratIon f<?r develop- occupy their land in defiance of the numerous ment With any party genumely mterested m the well- resolutions and decisions of the United Nations and being of the people of Suriname. in defiance of the advisory opinion of the Int~rna- 18. It was in this spirit that we recently approached tional Court of Justice. the I';Jetherlands to discuss the normaliza.tion of our 27. Efforts to arrive at an internationally acceptable rel~tlOns. W.e express the hOI?e tha~ the dialogue! for solution in accordance with the principles set out in w~lch a basIs has been establIs~ed I~ the mean time, Security Council resolution 385 (1976) culminated in wIll lead to a new understandmg WIth regard to the the adoption of resolution 435 (1978), in which the Treaty. Council approved a detailed plan for the transfer of 19. Notwithstanding the adverse effects of the power to the people ofNamibia, with United Nations unexpectedly reduced level of support for its eco- assistance. We are well aware that six years have nomic development, Suriname has continued its since elapsed. The fact that Namibia contmues to be efforts to establish a self-reliant economy, and we can denied a peaceful and speedy transition to majority happily report that our efforts to develop our nation rule is due entirely to the intransigence of the racist have met with solid and encouraging support on our and expansionist regime of South Africa. continent and beyond. 28. In the discharge of its mandate relating to the 20. One of the most pressing problems in our situation in Namibia, the Special Committee on the hemisphere concerns the situation in Central Ameri- Situation with regard to the Implementation of the ca. The people of the region, like others, want the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to right freely to determine their own future in peace Colonial Countries and Peoples has repeatedly called and securIty, free from any outside interference or for measures under Chapter ViI of the Charter of the intervention. United Nations in order to bring about South 21. We are convinced that military solutions in Africa'~ complianc~.with relevant ,united Nations Central America do not lead to lasting peace. The resol~tIonsand deCISIons. The.adoptIon ofa.co~pre- policy of some States in the region not only is at henslve p~ogramme of sanctIOns woul~ slgn~fy to variance with the basic principles governing the South AfrIca t~at the. world communIty wIll no conduct between States, but also violates the ruling longer tolerate Its tactics and manoeuvres. given by the International Court of Justice on 10 29. In this c&se, decisive steps by the international May of this year. I community are long overdue, for what is at stake 22. My Government staunchly' supports the peace here is the ability of the Un~tt:d Nations to resp~nd initiatives of the Contadora Group. We express the adequately to the needs of mIllIons who are sufferIng hope that the Contadora Act on Peace and Co- u?~er the oppression of a provocativ~ coloni~l operation in Central America [see A/39/562. annex] regime. The Government .of the RepublIc, of Sun- will contribute to the achievement of co-operation, name denounces the establIshment of any lInkage or peace and stability throughout the Central American parallel bet~een Nami,bian independence ani extra- region. neous and Irrelevant Issues. 23. My delegation also hopes that the Caribbean 30. On behalf of my delegation, I wish to express region will remain a zone of peace in which the our full solidarity with the heroic people of Namibia peop·les of that region can exercise their right to self- and to appeal to the international community to determination, free from any outside interference support their just struggle against colonial occupation and intervention. It is our heartfelt wish that the and the plunder of the uranium and other natural people of Grenada will be able to determine their resources of their country and for the right to self- future in accordance with their own political, eco- determination, freedom and independence under the nomic and social interests. leadership of the South West Africa People's Organi- 24. I wish to reiterate the view of the Government zation [:5~APq], t~e national liberation. movement of the Republic of Suriname that non-intervention in of!'Iamlbla, which ~s .the sole and authentIc represen- the internal affairs of other States is an essential tatIve of the Namlblan people. condition for peace between nations, a principle 31. As regards the situation in South Africa, my which, unfortunately, is too often disregarded. In delegation strongly condemns the South African accordance with this principle, every State has the racist regime for continued violence and repression obligation to refrain from instigating, participating against its black pOi\ulation and expresses its support in, or organizing acts of civil strife or terrorism in for, and solidarity with, all those struggling for the another State and from promoting any activity which elimination of apartheid and racial discrimination. • b~tween vanous c0!1sort~a m theIr respectIve coun- 58. Mr. MARTYNENKO (Ukrainian Soviet Social- tnes and ar~ preparmg bIlateral or plunlate~al agree- ist Republic) (interpretation from Russian): The ments <?u!slde the scope of the Conyentton, thus delegation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic under~mmg the work of the ~n~e~atlOnal Sea-Bed would like to congratulate you warmly, Sir, on your AuthontY.,B~cause of these actIVItIes, the Pr~parato. election to the presidency of the General Assembly at ry ~o~mlsslon was, unable to, compl~te ItS. task its thirty-ninth session and would like to wish you d~rmg ItS second seSSIOn, h~ld thIS year, In partIcular every success in carrying out your responsible duties. WIth regard to the questIon whether or not the . . , , Preparatory CommiSSIon should also act as a dis- 59. We hIghly apprec~ate.the s~llful,gUldance.ofthe pute-settlement authority. We condemn these activi- General Assembly durmg ItS, thIrty-eIghth sessl0!1 by ties. The resources of the sea-bed must be developed Mr. Illueca, the present PreSIdent of the RepublIc of in an orderly manner for the benefit of mankind and Panama. . , must contribute to a more equitable and fair global 60. ¥y delegatIOn wO,uld IIkt: a~so to congratula~e economic system. We therefore reject an)' separate BruneI Da~ussalam,on Its admISSIon to membershIp agreements in which the major industrialIzed coun- of the Umted NatIons. tries would share the sea-bed among themselves, and 61. In the present international situation, which has we urgently appeal to all industrialized States, wheth- been greatly aggravated by imperialist circles, the er or not they have signed the Convention, to refrain peoples of the world expect the United Nations to from undertaking any activities outside the scope of concentrate its efforts on solving the central problem the Convention, as we consider the sea-bed mining of the present day: the prevention of nuclear war. We legislation of the United Nations Convention on the are deeply convinced that this problem is the one on Law of the Sea a major breakthrough in the global which attention should be focused at this session of economic stalemate between the developed and the the General Assembly. The solution of other urgent developing countries, problems facing mankind will depend directly on the 55. My Government wishes to express its satisfac- world's ability to avoid a nuclear holocaust. tion with the Economic Declaration of the Seventh 62. The Soviet Union and other socialist countries Conference of Heads of State or Government of have submitted to the General Assembly at this Non-Aligned Countries,S held at New Delhi in March session a series of specific initiatives and proposals. 1983, in which it was emphasized that Antarctica had They represent a realistic and well-founded pro- considerable environmental. climatic, scientific and gramme of action aimed at curbing the arms race, potential economic significance to the world. It was removing the threat of nuclear war, eliminating also stated that exploration of the area and exploita- conflicts and hotbeds of tension, introducing the tion of its resources should be carried out for the fundamental principle of the non-use of force into benefit of mankind and in a manner consistent with international relations, returning to detente and "We make an unequivocal appeal to the United States and its allies: it is time for them to reaffirm by concrete deeds their share of responsibility for the fate of the world, to realize the futility of a policy based on a position of strength and on reliance on the arms race, and to demonstrate real, rather than a mere ostensible, readiness to engage in dialogue and negotiations in order to find mutually acceptable solutions to problems on which the future of mankind depends." 74. The assumption by all nuclear Powers-follow- ing the example of the Soviet Union and in accord- ance with the will of the overwhelmin$ majority of States Members of the United Natlons-of the obligation not to be the first to use nuclear weapons would constitute a decisive contribution to saving mankind from the nuclear threat. As suggested by some countries, such an oblig~tion could be em- bodied in an international legal instrument. There is no doubt that the implementation in practice of the Soviet Union's well-known initiative for observing certain rules of conduct in relations between nuclear- weapon States would be of great significance. 75. The international situation would also be great- ly improved by the adoption of such measures as a nuclear-weapon freeze by all nuclear Powers-or, initiallr., by the United States and the Soviet Union on a bdateral basis by way of setting an example for other nuclear Powers and as a major step towards a subsequent reduction and complete prohibition of nuclear weapons. 76. The Ukrainian SSR supports the Joint Declara· tion issued on 22 May 1984 by the Heads of State or Government of Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden and the United Republic of Tanzania (see A/39/277], which, in essence, constitutes an appeal to freeze nuclear arsenals. 77. The Soviet Union has proposed an immediate agreement to cease the quantitative buildup of all components of nuclear weapons, to renounce deploy· ment of all new kinds and types of nuclear weapons and to establish a moratorium on all nuclear..weapon tests. The conclusion of a treaty on the general and complete prohibition of nuclear-weapon tests would be the logical corollary of that moratorium. Basic provisions of that treaty were proposed by the Soviet Union as long ago as the thirty-seventh session of the General Assembly,6 which, as is known, supported the elaboration of such a treaty and recommended that the Conference cn Disarmament take appropri. ate action. We believe that it is the direct responsibil· ity of the Conference on Disarmament to make reaffir~ed the,ir c~nstant re~dines~ to promote d;ia n 117. The Ukrainian SSR will continue actively to logu~ with theIr neIgh~ours m the Ip.terests of easmg support the efforts of the United Nations aimed at tensIOns and developmg co-operatIon. averting the threat of nuclear war, curbing the arms 111. I should like also to express some thoughts of race, eliminating pockets of tension and expanding my delegation regarding the problem of current and deepening mutually beneficial co-operation international economic relations. Imperialist States, among States in accordance with the Charter of the and above all the United States, are openly pursuing United Nations. a policy of underm!ning th.e peaceful foundations of 118. Mr. ABDULLA (Oman) (interpretation from trade. and economIC ~elatIo~s betw~en States an.d Arabic): I take great pleasure, Sir, in extending to you bloc~mg the r~structurmgof Jnt~matI<?naleconomIC my warmest congratulations on your election as relations on a Just and democratic, haSIJ: In defiance President of the thirty-ninth session of the General of the general~y ac~epted norms of rela!IonS betw~en Assembly. I am quite confident that your wisdom States, the ruhng CIrcles of t~ose countnes are t~armg and competence will contribute to the success of this up agreements reached, settmg up a ~rade, credIt and session. It is also my privilege to express our technology blockade, and employmg !TIethods. of profound gratitude to Mr. Jorge Illueca, the President strong-arm pres~ure, e.mbargo. an~ sanctIOns agamst of Panama, for the able manner in which he conduct- those States whIch reject thetr dIctates. ed the work of the thirty-eighth session. ~ 12. By makin& u~e of their predominant pO,sition 119. I should like also to avail myself of this In.the world capItalIst ~conomy, ~hey are seekm~ to opportunity to express our gratitude to the Secretary- ShIft onto the developI~g c~untr!es t~e deletenous General for the efforts he has made since he took consequences of economIC cnses, mflatlOn and other office and to wish him every success in dealing with !lP~eavals that have bec~me.constant and character- the difficult tasks facing the international commu- IStIC features of the capItalIst system today. nity. 1.1 3. Last June, the m.embe~ countries of the Coun- Mr. Helgason (Iceland), Vice-President, took the clI for Mutual EconomIC Assistance adopted a decla- Chair ration entitled "Maintenance of peace and interna- '. . tional economic co-operation" [see A/39/323, annex 120. It IS a pleasure for me .to welcome Br~~eI Il), which constitutes an elaborate programme of Daruss~lam, under the l~adershlp of ~ultan H~..:.;an action to improve international relations. This pro- AI-BolkIah to membershIp of the Umted NatIo!1s. gramme envisages the implementation of recommen- 121. Today, more than ever before, th~re is a dations and agreements, including those adopted growing sense of instability in the world. Threats of within the United Natk· which have been worked armed conflict increase, WIth no sign on the horizon out through the collect•. '" efforts of States and are that could make us hope that solutions will be found. aimed at developing mutually beneficial, fruitful Similarly, the anxiety and fear felt especially among ~c('nomic co-operation and establishing a new inter- the third-world nations, to which we belong, increase uational economic order. the possibility that, in anyone of the hotbeds of 114. The adoption of effective decisions and ac- tension, the situation will deteriorate into outright tions to impiem~nt the proposals contained in the war. declaration would undoubtedly promote the success- 122. The stage of intern~tional affairs that we are ful development of intl~mationaleconomic co-opera- witnessing at present is particularly disturbin~. On tion and constitute. . major contribution to consoli- the one hand, there is an ever .ncreasing feelIng of dating international peace and security. insecurity and a tendency to resort to the use of force 115. Recently, the Ukrainian people have been rather than to se~k mut~al understanding for the celebrating the fortkth anniversary of the liberation settleme.nt ~f C0J.1flIC~S, whIle, on the ,ot~er h~nd, the of the Ukraine from the Fascist aggressor. Next economIC slt'l~tlOn IS constantly de(enoratmg. year-1985--we will solemnly, together with all 123. 1:.; -j'Jnificant results achieved by the United peace-·loving nations. mark the fortieth anniversary Nations in humanitad.1n fields pale in Cl' mparison to of the great victory in the Second World War. All the the tragedies of war, t.he killings, the displacement of peoples who fought against fascism and militarism innocent people, the poverty and hunger that threat- contributed to that victory. The Soviet Union's en millions of human beings. This:" f;') true that any decisive role in it is indisputable, reference to ach~~vementsbecomes i. ••lere attempt to 116. The ellormc .IS sacrifices offered on the altar of escape from reality. that victory demand that we do everything thcllt we 124. The deterioration in the international political can to avert and eliminate the threat of a new world and economic situation has been and is being war. This is the thrust of all efforts by the Commu- brought about by a ~rowing trend towards the threat nist Party of the Soviet Union and the Soviet Slate. or use of force, contInued interference in the internal Vladimir V. Shcherbitsky, Member of the Politburo affairs of States, exploitation of certain States by ~rsenal of consti~utio~al,andlegal provision,s e!1shrin- 162. With respect to Western Sahara, the Republic mg t~e de facto InferIOrIty of th~ black maJorIty .and of Haiti continues to believe in the possibility of a opemng, the door to ,the most VIOlent mamfestatlOns peaceful solution based on the principle of self- of unbrIdled despotIsm. determination, in keeping with General Assembly 155. Faithful to its historic traditions, the Haitian resolution 1514 (XV) and with the relevant resolu- Government most strongly condemns the indefensi- dons adopted by the Organization of African Unity ble conduct of the racist minority of Pretoria and [OA U], which we hope will be implemented without welcomes the recent adoption of General Assembly delay with the active assistance of the States most resolution 39/2, which rejected as null and void the directly concerned. so-called new constitution of South Afri~a. We are 163. In the Middle East, as "le have often repeated, deeply attached to thl? people o~ So~th Afnca and ~e the solution of the crisis is to be found in the reaffirm ,?ur uncondltlO~al solIdanty with th.e~ In establishment of an overall peace on the basis of the t~elr herOIC struggle ,to ~rI!1g about the total elImma- principles of law, m'Jrality and justice, a peace that tlOn of the apartheid regime. will include recognition and respect by all its n~igh- 156. We cannot fail to denounce the open complici- bours of Israel's ri~ht to exist withm secure and ty of which countries lending political, economic, recognized boundarIes. Similarly, the Haitian Gov- military and nuclear co-operation to the South ernment feels that there can be no question of African regime-on the highly suspect pretext of challenging the right of the Palestinian people to true maintaining strategic interests-are guilty. We call self-determination within a physical, legal and ad- upon them no longer to oppose the adoption of ministrative framework in keeping with their legiti- comprehensive mandatory sanctions that alone can mate aspirations. In this connection, discussion and prevail against Pretoria's brutal arrogance and lead to dialogue are, in our opinion, the best means for the establishment of an open, democratic anQ multi- making progress towards that goal, and ce11ain rather racial society in South Africa. ' encouraging, albeit somewhat timorous, events lead 157. Moreover, confident in its great military and us to feel that goo~ faith a!1d reason may yet prevail economic power, encouraged by the success of its over ~atred and bl~ndness I.n that part of t~e world of destabilization campaign against neighbouring such Importance In the history of mankmd. States, South Africa is persisting in its occupation of 164. As for Lebanon, a martyred country in which a Namibia, in viclation of relevant resolutions of the particularly explosive situation prevails created by Security Council, particularly resolution 435 (1978), the presence of two armies of occupation, there can which laid the foundations for a peaceful, negotiated be no doubt that the withdrawal of those troops, in o~fices and we hope that that mission will be crowned faithfully to respect their commitments and effective: wIth success. ly to reduce the level of armaments, for any other 166. In Asia, there are continuing hotbeds of ten- attitude could bring about reactions and could upset sion created and fed by the expansionist aims of the balance of forces and regional security. ce~ain.States which are clearly determ~ned to iJ?1pose 172. In the South Atlantic, despite the lesson of the theIr wIll l;lpon others ~y m~ans of an Illegal mIlItary Malvinas, Great Britain is pursuing a policy of pre~ence9 I~ flagrant vIOlatIOn 0'£ the Cha~er.of t~e military expansion, which leads us to believe that it is Umted !'JatlOns. How can we f~d to. mentIOn. m thIS prepared to maintain its colonial presence, in disre- conn~ctlon the tragedy. occurr!~g m occupl~d Af- gard of Argentine sovereignty. In so doing, it is gha~lst,an and CambodIa? HaItI warmly haIls the failing in its fundamental obligation to seek a peace- patflot~c struggle of the ~mer and A~ghan peoples ful, negotiated solution to the problems between it and wIshes to express, ItS .deep gr~tltude to the and the Argentine Republic and to abstain from any Secretary-G~neral and hI,s repres'entatIves and to ,all measure that might increase tension in the area. We those who, III ?ne capacIty or anot~er,.are workmg regret that the first contacts have not been followed fO,r the restoratIOn of peace and. S~CUflty ~n that s~rely up, and we urge the parties to resume the negotia- trIed pa~ of the 'Y0rld. We Jom th~ mtef?atIonal tions in earnest, in order to achieve, with the commu!1~ty m c~llIng for the total, Imm.edlate and assistance of the good offices of the Secretary-Gener- uncondItIonal. wIthdrawal of all occupatIOn troops, aI, a just and equitable solution to a dispute that has thereby enablIng those St~tes freely to choo~e the gone on for more than a century. form of government they wIsh, free front any kmd of . . foreign pressures. 173. Just below the surface of all these conflIcts, In 67 h R bl' f H "1 . h . the background of the bloody confrontations which 1 . T e ,epu IC 0 altI a so WIS es once agam plunge the world into mourning, there is the terrible to express ItS stro~gest support for the Korean problem of the arms race, which every year assumes people. We are convmced that the problems betwe~n more tragic dimensions, despite the appeals, recom- t~e Nor:h and the South must be settled p~ negotIa- mendations and condemnations of the world's high- tIon, a~d ~e theref~re cal~ up,on the partIes to sh~w est moral authorities It is clear that the great Powers good faIth m renewmg theIr dlalo~ue. We noted WIth b h fi 11 :b'l' ~ 'h' h . satisfaction the courageous initiatIves of the Govern- ear ~ e u responsl I I!y lor solvmg t IS a~rowmg ment of South Korea for the peaceful reunification of questIon and that o~ly dlal~gu~ an~ consulta~lOn ~an the Korean nation, and we remain convinced that settle the matt~r satIsfactorIly, It bemg borne m mmd direct bilateral contacts, without outside interfer- that the securIty of some cannot be assured at the ence, are the only way to reduce tension and create expense of others. the conditions that will lead to reconciliation. 174. While noting with interest the recent proposals 168. I cannot compiete this brief summary without put forwa,rd by President ~eagan from this rostrum giving Central America the special attention that it [4th meetmg] to reduce tenslo~ and strengthen,peace, deserves from a Caribbean country which is follow- we ea~nestly c~lI for .the establIshment of mul~I1ateral ing with concern the development of a tragedy whose ~achmery whIch WIll, all~w ~he transfer to mterna- devastating effects could quickly extend well beyond tIonal devel,?pment mstltutIons of the enormous the region now involved. resources whIch would be released ~y a programme 169 It " t t fi t t t th t h of general, gradual and balanced dIsarmament. . IS Impor an ifS 0 S ress a, as we ave. , often stated, the present crisis has its roots in the 175. The Importan~e t~at most delegatIOns have many serious socio-economic difficulties affecting attached to an exammation of the world economic the region, difficulties whose solution requires an situ~tion shows the extent of the concern whic,h exemplary effort of internationa~)olidarity,particu- co~tmu;es to b~ caused by the, unprecede~ted. crisIs larly on the part of the regional Powers, concerned whIch IS a~fe~tmg ~ur countrIes. and :whIch m !he about the continent's future. Therefore there is no final analYSIS IS manIfested by a dlsturbmg worsenmg question of reducing to the single dim~nsion of the of t~e already precarious ~Iving conditions of the East-West conflict a whole body of fundamental deprIved peoples of the thIrd world. proble~s that can be resolved only by the p~ople~ of 176. We well know the current manifestations-the the re~lOn th,emselves, w~o have the e~cluslv~ rIght spectacular deterioration of the terms of trade, the to deCIde theIr type of society and establIsh theIr own resultant drop in export earnings, the obvious slow- development model. ing down in rates nf investment and the considerable 170. In this spirit, the Haitian Government, in worsening of the debt problem, together with a keeping with the principles that have always inspired drastic reduction in capital flows. All of this is its foreign policy, continues unreservedly to support leading to a marked decrease in per capita growth the constructive approaches courageously made by rates and production, leading to an alarming increase the Contadora Group to restore, by means of dia- in unemployment and areas of poverty. c~untrie~ continues ~o make to maximize the utiliza- continued to render to the international community. tIOn of Its own natIO.n~1 resources. . . 200. In opening my remarks at this session of the 1~3. Hence, the Hal~Ian Governm~nt, ID ~eepmg General Assembly, I should like to start with a vision WIth the for.mal com~Itments of the lIfe ~resIdent of of world peace. We in Kenya hold the view that the the. Rep!Jbhc an.d WIth the profound ~Ishes of the future of the planet we all jointly share depends on natIon, IS pur~umg, successfully and WIth pe~sever- the strengthening of peaceful co-operation in rela- ance, ~ very Important twofold effofl, despIte the tions among States and on such relations being precan0l;ls nature of the means avaIlable and the devoid of unnecessary frictions. complexIty of the many obstacl~s we face. '?le 201. Whenever international peace and security contmue, on the Ol~e hand, meth.odI~ally to.estabhsh have been threatened, the General Assembly has not ~ process of genume demo~ratIzatIon w~Ic.h takes failed to exert maximum pressure on the side of lI~to ~ccoun~ .our own specIfi~ characterIstIcs, o~r peace, justice and mutual understanding. It is Ken- h;Istonc tradItIOns and our socIal and cultura~ re~h- ya's sincere hope that this session of the Assembly tIe~. On the ot.h,er hand, our Governm~nt IS a.so will continue to respond favourably to the general tryI.ng to moblhze our unfortunatel~ madequ~te will of the international community to maintain natIOnal resources to promote e.con~mlc and socIal peace and stability for all nations. development, the purpose of whIch IS, first of all, to ... . satisfy the basic needs of the population before the 202.. The gUI~mg SpIrIt ~f .my Government, under year 2000. It is in the light of this dual purpose that PresIdent Damel. Ar~p Mm, IS the advocacy of peace, we must view two major events in our present policy, democracy ~n.d JustIce for all u~der the f!Jle of law namely, the unprecedented reform of the judicial and the uphftm.g of t~e economIC and socIal welfare system and the solemn launching, in August, by the of our peo~le. m UDIty! freedom and love for <?ne Head of State, of the agricultural reform, designed to another. ThIS, IS th~ sp.nngboard and the f~undatIon achieve self-sufficiency in food within 10 years. of our I?eople s.aspIratI.ons, and all our actIons, both 4 Th ' . . domestIc and mternatlOnal, are tuned to promote, 1.9. . e summary e~amIn.atIOn of the world SItU~- project and vigorously defend these ~oals. We extend tIOn w~Ich we have JUs~ gIven leads us to say In the hand of friendship and co-operatIOn to all nations conclusIOn that th.ere wIll be no 'progr~ss to~ards which in turn do the same to us. peace and economIc development In an mcreasmgly , interdependent world without true international soli- 203: The problem of the apartheid systen:t o~ South darity, a true will for change, and genuine determina- Afnca h~s been o'n th~ ag~n~a of the Org~mzatI~n for tion on the part of the larger countries to implement a long tIme.. The rac.Ist regIme I~ Pretofla ~ontI.n.ues the various resolutions to which they have sub- ~o defy Um!e~ NatIon~ resolutIOns on thIS cfltIcal scribed Issue. The regIme depnves the black people of that 195. I'n this context, the role of the United Nations cou.ntry of the right to enjoy ~asic human rights !n remains most important and the Haitian delegation theIr own ~and. In all walk~ of lIfe, the black people.m is ready at all times to make an active contribution to Sou~h Afnca ~ave no say m !he conduct of the d~I1y any initiative which might bring us closer to our affaIrS ~ffectmg ~h,em. TheIr demands for sO\;lal, objectives. As was stated by President Jean-Claude economIC and polItIcal changes for the benefit of all Duvalier' the people of the c0':lntry~ ~re a.lways ruthlessly " ' . suppressed by the raCIst regIme m Its desperate It IS our dearest h~pe that 1985 may be the year of efforts to protect its inhuman apartheid policies. peace an~ t~at an Important. stage ~ay be rea~hed Measures are carefully designed for the forceful In negotIatIOns t.o reduce InternatIOnal t~nsIons exploitation of the black man's human and material an.d r~store secunty wherever bloo~y conflIcts are resources. These inhuman practices are the most brmgmg about tragedy and suffenng." basic causes of political tension and social conflict in 196. Mr. MWANGALE (Kenya): Permit me, Sir, to the whole region. The stage has been progressively set join other representatives who have spoken before for unavoidable social violence, with potential conse- o &'.. h h h' h vene an international conference on money and mterest rates, lorelgn exc ange s ortages, Ig rates finance for development. We feel that the launching of inflation, rapidly rising unemployment, and pro- of global negotiations is long overdue, and we longed and devastating drought and famine. continue to advocate the early launching of such 227. Kenya has followed with great concern the negotiations. My delegation therefore calls upon all depressing international economic situation. In the the parties concerned to iron out their differences last few months, a few industrialized countries have without undue delay. appeared to be on the threshold of economic recov- 232. As we gather here to take stock ofevents ofthe ery and one hopes that these indicators point to long la5t 12 months, it is impossible not to note the and lasting prosperity. following. First, the outcome of the sixth session of 228. Nevertheless, these signs of ~conomicrecovery the United NatIOns Conference on Trade and Devel- in some major industrialized countries must not be opment, held at Belgrade from 6 June to 2 July 1983, allowed to distract our attention from the need for was a disappointing experience for the developing co-ordinated and world-wide efforts to bring about countries. Secondly, not much meaningful progress economic growth in the developing countries as two has been achieved in the attempts to launch global inseparable activities. We in Kenya cannot therefore negotiation. Thirdly, an attempt to review and accept the premise that if economic recovery is appraise the International Development Strategy for achieved in the developed countries the developing the Third United Nations Development Decade in countries will automatically benefit as a result ofsuch May of this year was not much ofa success. Fourthly, recovery. We do not accept the "trickling down" the Intergovernmental Committee on Science and theory ID modern international economic relations. Technology for Development and the Committee on While we welcome th'.'l signs of recovery in some the Development and Utilization ofNew and Renew.. parts of the world, that recovery is not likely to have able Sources of Energy have also not made much much effect on the economies of the developing pro$ress in their respective arras of competence, as countries for some time to come. envIsaged by the General Asstmbly when they were 229. The recent economic recession in the devel- set up. Fifthly, the recently concluded Fourth Gener., oped countries inevitably had an adverse effect on al Conference of the United Nations Industrial world trade and hence upon the economic fortunes of Development Organization, held at Vienna from 2 to most developing countries. The very depressed state 19 August, failed to reach a consensus regarding of demand in industrialized countries meant the policy guidelines and the mobilization of resources continuing decline in world commodity prices. The for the industrialization of the developing countries. terms of trade of non-oil-producing developing coun- 233. We therefore feel that there is a need to sort tries remained at about 20 per cent beJow the 1977- out collectively the differences and difficulties that 1979 average. continue to obstruct meaningful progress in our 230. In reviewing the global economic situation, dialogue. We feel that negotiations rather than therefore, we cannot disguise our exasperation at the confrontation should be our central theme. I feel rather protracted malaise that continues to afflict the obliged to emphasize this point because we have been world economy. The crisis, which has now reached criticizing the outcome of many conferences, year unprecedented proportions! is threatening the stabili- after year, without giving thought to the persistent ty and stifling the economIc growth of all countries. confrontation between groups. This is the root cause Consequently, the economic resilience and margin of of our failures. The 501ution is flexibility and accom- safety once available to many developing countries modation of each other's views. We have a collective contmue to be severely eroded. The harsh realities responsibility, as members of the international com- tri~s to inten~ify the~r co-operatic;>n at subregional, phasized. It was in view of this that the international regional and mterreglOnal levels ID all fields. communit; adopted, in 1981, the Nairobi Pro- 236. Kenya urges the developed countries to view gramme 0 Action for tJv· Development and Utiliza- activities connected with economic co-operation tlon of New and R~newa ')urces of Ener8,y:17 ~he among developing countries and technical co-opera- Programt:ne called m pan.l~ular f~r the moblhzatlon tion among developing countries as being cornpie- of financIal resources for harn~ssmg. new and renew- mentary to North-South co-operation. The developed able sources of energ~. ~enya IS seno.usly concerned countries should, then. ."', accord all necessary at the slow pace of Its ImplementatIOn. support to both such activities. It was in the spirit of 242. I now turn to the area" of environment and South-South co-operation that developing countries human settlements. We contin le to associate our- adopted in 1981 the Caracas Programme of Action,2 selves with the decisions of the General Assembly to the implementation of which has been enhanced by establish an environmental commission to look mto the ~any ~ntergovernmental economic and technical the world Environmental Perspective to the Year meetmgs m the last few years. 2000 and Beyond, and to observe, in 1987, the 237. In a number vf regions also, new initiatives in International Year of Shelter for the Homeless. connection with South-South co-operation have been 243. The African continent, from which I come, is undertaken. To this end, my country, together with the home of many low-income developing countries. other countries of eastern and southern Africa, Most of our countries are still net exporters of concluded at Lusaka in December 1981 a treaty primary r Dmmodities, on which we depend for our establishing a preferential trad(~ area for the subre- foreign-exchange earnings. We are concerned that gion. The area, which has a potential membership of many African countries are still faced with continu- 20 countries, has b",en operational since July of this ous food shortages, malnutrition, disease, poverty, year. Its aim is to achieve the expansion ofsubregion- unemployment, underemployment, deteriorating al trade and co-operation in agricultural, industrial, terms of trade, indebtedness and a host of other transport and communications development. difficulties. 238. Let me say a few words about our efforts in 244. We would recall that in April 1980, at its east Africa in the area of economic and technical co- second extraordinary session, the Assembly of Heads operation among developin~ countries. We recognize of State and Government of the Organization of that the primary responsibIlity for solving our eco- African Unity, in recognition of the developmental nomic problems rests with ourselves. We therefore problems facmg the African continent, adopted the actively co-operate with our neighbours in an effort Lagos Plan of Action for the Implementation of th\-.' to exploit our potential. I am delighted to say that Monrovia Strategy for the Economic Development of . Kenya has undertaken joint projects with neighbour- Africal8 and the Final Act of Lagos}9 We appeal to all I~rael to intensify its policy of aggression and expan- SIon. 268. The Arab States have done their utmost in the search for peace in the Middle East and have proven their peaceful intentions through the decisions adopt- ed on 9 September 1982 br the Twelfth Arab Summit Conference, held at Fez,2 which were welcomed by all regional and international organizations which support right, justice and peace. th~ Establishment of a New International Economic Order [resolutions 3201 (S- VI) and 3202 (S- VI)]. 289. My country, one of the least developed coun- tries, in addition to its limited resources, has fallen victim to natural disasters such as earthquakes and repeated drought. These have necessitated a modifi- cation of our development projects and plans, which were scheduled to be implemented within the context of our second five-year development plan. However, under the guidance of our political leadership and ~99. Mr. AFFO (Benin) (interpretation from French): It is a signal honour for me to speak for the first time as head of the delegation of the People's Republic of Benin to the representatives of the international community gathered here to explore, together, ways and means to ensure the peaceful coexistence and security of all (he peoples of the world, for which we all yearn and for which we strive with all our strength, and to bring about the best conditions for mutually beneficial international co- operation. 300. I should like, Sir, to add the warm congratula- tions of my delegation to the unanimous chorus of those addressed to you by preceding speakers on the occasion of your election as President of the thirty- ninth session of the General Assembly. The People's Republic of Benin is especially pleased that the difficult an.d important tr.sk of leading our discus- sions has this year been entrusted to an outstanding, experienced man such as yourself, whose thorough knowledge ofall the inner workings ofthe organs that make up the United Nations system is incontestable. Above all, however, you represent a cOHntry that has achieved an undeniable reputation on the interna- tional scene, and especially in Africa, through the tireless efforts it has constantly made in the search for a lasting solution to the problem facing our brothers in southern Africa who are the victims of all types of racial oppression. 301. You are taking up your important lofty task in the footsteps of Mr. Jorge Illueca, President of the Republic of Panama, wh...l led the work of the thirty- ei~hth session of the General Assembly with great WIsdom and remarkable clear-sightedness and firmness. We pay him a heartfelt tribute. 302. The delegation of Benin would also like to pay a tribute to the Secretary-General in keeping with the outstanding qualities he displays in putting into practice courageously and with perseverance the noble ide8Js of the Charter of the United Nations. The brillh:lnt report on the work of the Or~aniz~tion [A/39/1] that he has submitted to us IS further evidence of his courage and clarity of mind. My delegation would like to extend to him the sincere thanks of the People's Republic of Benin for the friendship he showed our country by paying an official visit to Cotonou in January 1984, following the thirty-eighth session of the General Assembly. The National Executive Council of the People's Republic of Benin wishes, through me, to reiterate to the Secretary-General its total support for him in the heavy responsibilities he has assumed. 303. I should also like warmly to welcome Brunei Darussalam, the new Member of the United Nations. 304. Each year, impelled by the inevitable surge of solidarity that must unite us, we meet here to take up the major problems of our time, those that affect the ~t IS ImpossIble to thm~ of an~ kmd of develop~ent E;::. Y...atin America or elsewhere in the world, the If the proble~s of survIval facmg some of the !hud- dealt., expressed will and good intentions of some world countnt?s are no! overcome and eqUItably have not been effective because of the duplicity, ~esolyed. He~pmg the thud world t<? create a more treachery and obstructive attitude of others with Just mte~atIOnal order means hell?wg oneself and regard to tackling certain problems already consid- guaranteemg the progress of ~a?kmd.. ered at great length last year. What is worse, those 317. For four years--notably m Its resolutIon 35/88 problems have been exacerbated, while, at the same of 5 December 1980-the General Assembly has time, other particularly difficult situations have been appealed to the international community to give created by those self-same States which have been financial, material and technical assistance to Benin openly and cynically profiting from the confusion, in order to assist it in overcoming its economic tensions and manoeuvres of all kinds. difficulties. Meanwhile.the Secreta~-Gener~l.has not 326. The delegation of Benin is deeply concerned cease~ to take dY;J.anuc mea~ures. to mobIlIze a~d by the anachronistic situation which persists in orgamz~ that spe~Ial ec<:m9mIc assIstance to Bem~. southern Africa because of the minority racist regime In p~f!:Icular, reVIew mIsSIons have .gone. to Bem~ of Pretoria, which is denounced by all geoples that ~er Jdlcally to take stock, together wIth our authon- cherish peace, freedom and justice. Indeed, human tIes, of the progress of the programme: There w~s dignity and the fundamental principles and the also a round-table conference. of the socIo-econom.Ic resolutions of the United Nations continue to be development pa~ners o~ Benm, ~eld at. Cotonou m flouted in southern Africa by the racist regime of March 1983, wluch receIved crucIal aSsIstance from Pretoria, which enjoys the active support and barely UNDP. . . . concealed complicIty of those who still seek colonial- 318. I should. lIke t9 take th~s OPp~rtUDlty to ist and neo-colonialIst adventures, as well as any loot express once agam the smcere gratItude 01 the people or profit they can extract therefrom of Benin, its Party and Government to the States . . . Members and specialized agencies of the United ~27. The. b~ack peoplt: of ~o~th Afr~ca are stdl Nations for the ~nterest they have taken in, and the m~ocent vIctims of the Ignomimo~sp'olIcy of a/J.art- help they have given to, the programme of special held, whose well-known .corollanes mclude blInd, economic assistance to Benin and Benin's develop- bloody, bar~ar0!1s repreSSIOn, mass arrests and cOW w ment plan for 1983-1987. ardly assassmatIons. 319. A new mission to review the programme went 328: The illegal occupati?n of Namibia by South to Benin last June. The results and recommendations Afflca unfortunately contmue~. Ther~ can be .no of that mission are to be f,)!lDd in the Secretary- dou~t here. !he stubborn persIste~~t: ID attempt.mg General's report on that subject [A/39/383]. to lInk the mdependence of Namibia to the wIth.. 32 · drawal of Cuban troops from Angola, the extreme O. Here I shou~d lIke to r~call that t~e results of ex,"'esses of racism and the violations of human rights the four years of. Implementmg the proJects. of the all prove, if proof were needed, that the South programme remam mode.st because of certam. ~az- African military rabble has no intention of puttin.g an ards, such as drought, WhICh have upset the ongmal end to its annexationist, racist policy and is increas- programme sche~ule.. .. ing its wen-known diabolical plans and manoeuvres. 321. My delegatIon would lIke to express itS smcere . . thanks, on behalf of the Government of Benin, to all 329. The sham co~stItutlOnalreforms and thf: dec- the States and the bodies of the United N"tions toral ch~rades organized last Aug~st for the Coaoure.d system which provided emergency assistance to and Indlap. peop!es of South AfrIca are part of thIs Benin during its serious problems following the reprehensIble dally fare. drought of 1983-1984. 330. Fortunately, the oppressed people of South 322. I should like to appeal to all States Membe:s, Africa displ~yed a spirit of maturity. and solidarity to international organizations and to the specialized and very qUIckly under~too0 the c~mc~l purpose of agencies and other bodies of the United Nations to the. so-ca~led new constitution, WhI,?h IS to destroy make new efforts to provide assistance to my country theu u~lty and entrench the odIous system !If so that effect may be given without any further delay a1!art~eld. Th?~e oppressed people took a heroIc, to the development projects under the United Na- hlstoncal .decIsIon and successfully boycotted the tions programme of special economic assistance to fake electIons. Benin. 331, The People's Republic of Benin, which unre.. 323. My delegation, together with other brother servedly condemns this new farce organized by the countries, would like the thirty-ninth sessio.n of the Pretoria regime under the ingenious slogan of "con- General Assembly to adopt a resolution alerting the stitutionaI reforms", welcomes the response of the international community to the need to increase the people of South Africa to this latest apartheid trick. cap~city of t~e special~zed agencie~ <?f the Unite~ 332. My country also welcomed Security Council Natl?ns to assIst countnes that are vIctIms of desert1- resolution 554 (1984) for its denunciation aud firm ficatIon and drought. rejection of the so-called new constitution in South 324. I would have liked very much not to have to Afric? However, goin~ beyond that resolution, Benin speak at this session of certain political crises, or at is convinced that it IS urgently necessary to adopt least to speak of them solely in other terms and say comprehensive sanctions under Chapter VII of the ~lorious struggle against apartheid and for SWAPO in decision of the Governments of France and Libya to Its heroic fight to win independence for Namibia. withdraw their forces and supporting elements from Indeed, my country is deeply convinced that only the Chad as of 25 September 1984. We trust that the complete elimination of the scourge of apartheid and operation that has just begun will indeed be the the unconditional and comprehensive application of prelude to a process of true reconciliation among all Security Council resolution 435 (1978) <:an bring the sons of Chad and to lasting peace in that brother pea~e to southern Africa. country. 334. We whole-heartedly desire such peace also in 3.40. At the G~neral Assembly's thirty-eighth ses- Western Sahara, where the confusiDn and the im- Slon [32nd meei:tng], the delegatIOn of Benin sounded passe concerning the question of decolonization in t~e alarm co~cernin~ the de~cri~ration of the situa- that region is of concern to us for more than one tlOn and the InCreasing tenSIOn In the Middle Eart reason. My country, which welcomes the resolution The d~legation ! lead ~s c~ncerned over the develop- on Western Sahara adopted by the Assembly of ments In that area, whIch IS one of the most explosive Heads of State and Government of the Organization on earth because of the scope of the tragedy taking of African Unity at its nineteenth ordinary session p!ace there. Once again it appears that peace and held at Addis Ababa from 6 to 12 June 1983 25 i~ security in that region undoubtedly depend on the convinced that through its recommendations' the respect shown by the Zionist State of Israel for all the pan-African organization has provided the ideal relevant resolutlOm; of the United Natons, which it framework within which a political settlement of the has obstinately refused to recognize and to imple- burning Saharan problem can be negotiated by ment. The Organization should duly assess the peaceful means. That just point of view was largely attitude of Israel and draw all the relevant conclu- shared by the General Assembly at its thirty-eighth sions from it. The international community cannot session, when it did not hesitate to endorse those and shoul~ not rem~in passive in view of the policy recommr.ndations. Unfortunately, this did not take of aggreSSIOn, genOCIde, massacre and the establish- into account certain obstructionist, delaying tactics. ment of settlements which the Zionist leaders con- ~hose b~hind such tactics are gratified by the confu- tinue to practise with impunity. slon whIch they have brought about deliberately and 341. All appropriate measures should be taken to knowingly, a confusion harmful to the interest of the bring reason to bear on the Zionist State and to peoples of the region, who are the unfortunate prevail upon it not only to implement United victims of a conflict which with a little common ~ation~ res~lutions,for which it has shown reprehen- sense, logic and frankness could have been avoided. slble dISdaIn, but also to abandon a policy which 335. My delegation, faithful to the principle of the constitutes a source of instability and danger for all right to self-determination of all peoples without the peoples of the region and a permanent threat to exception and aware that such confusion cannot international peace and security. constitute an honourable outcome to the Saharan 342. In view of the current state of events, my tragedy, draws the attention of the Assembly to the country demands, on the basis of the relevant United imperative need to do everything possible to break Nations resolutions, the immediate and uncondition- the deadlock in the situation in Western Sahara in al withdrawal of Israel from Lebanon and from all keeping with the relevant resolutions of the OAU ~nd the Arab territories occupied since 1967. We also the United Nations. demand that the legitimate ri~ht of the Palestinian people to self-determination, Including the right to 336. My delegation reaffirms its support for the establish an independent State in Palestine, be recog- Saharan Arab Democratic Republic, which Benin nized without delay. To that end, my country lends recognizes as a sovereign State. It is firmly convinced and will always lend its political and divlomatic that only the logical and responsible implementation support to the PLO, the sole representative of the of the recommendations of the OAU and the United oppressed people of Palestine. Nations can lead to a just solution of the Saharan 343. Lebanon, the tragic theatre of fratricidal con- problem and allow the peoples of the region, which f . b h b d have suffered for so long, to devote themselves to the rontatlOns roug t a out an maintained ~y foreign complex tasks of development which await them. intervention, is an object of concern to my delega- tion. We welcome the establishment in Lebanon of a 337. Similar tasks await the brother people of Government of National Unity in which all political Chad, to whose tragedy no delegatiorJ, certainly not tendencies of the country co-operate in the democrat- my own, can remain indifferent. In f::lct, the situation ic management of the affairs of the Lebanese State of "no war, no peace" which has prevailed for several and for the restoration of peace and security in the months in Chad is as harmful to the national country. My dele~ation hopes that that Gover'lment, reconstruction effort as is war itself. Only genuine the symbol of dialogue among Lebanese brothers, peace and effective reconciliation among all the sons will honourably direct the destiny of Lebanon and of Chad will make it possib~e for the people of Chad consolidate, for the well-being of all, the peace which to resume, with calmness and a renewed zealousness, has progressively been established in the country. the. enormous task of reconstruction of their country, 344. I could not refer to the situation in the Middle which has been so harshly affected by years of civil East without also dealing with the persistent conflict war. between Iran and Iraq, two brother countries which ~47" My cout:Itry IS concerned ~ver the p!esence ~f would suffice to alleviate the sufferings and change lOrelgn tro<?ps m the Korean pe~msula, whlc~ consh- the lives of a million people that are today the tutes a major obstacle to bnngmg about a Just and victims of adverse climatic conditions in the Sahel in honourable settlement of the crisis persisting in that Africa. Today these weapons may be counted by the part of the world. My delegation fervently hopes that hundreds. the foreign fon. es will leave the peninsula as soon as po~sible so that the tireless struggle of the Democrat- 356. To what co~rt .should we res0t:! t!-> plead the ic People's Republic of Kore1 for the just, peaceful, cause o~ ~e~c~ whIch IS nevertheless wltlun the realm independent and democratl c reunification of all of possibilIty. KDrea may be quickly achie ',red. 357. lvlore and more astronomical sums are devot- :48. In Central America, my country is shocked to ed to the c~nstruction and maintenance of arsenals note all the orchestrated actions taken against the for c0t:IventIonal ,and nuclear wa~, .whereas at the progressive peoples and States of the region, whose same ,tnne w~ delIberately. o,r ,~nwlttI!1g1y turn away legitimate rights are being disregarded and flo'Jted. from m,t~rnatlOnal responsibIlItIes whIch call upon us My delegation wishes to reaffirm the firm commit- to moblhze these preclOu.s resou~ces and ~e.vote thef!l ment of the people and Gove~.1ment of Benin to the t~ de''V'elopment ~nd to, ImprovIn,g the hvmg condl Q universally recognized rights Jf any people to dete;r- tI<?ns of peoples, mcludmg those m developed coun- mine its own destiny and to have the political system trIes. of its choice. 358. Once again we appeal to all the leader£ of all 349. My delegation urges all States to conform in the countries of the world, and particularly to those their actions to the fundamental principles which whose countries possess fearsome military capability~ apply to all States, large or small, weak or powerful. to undertake a responsible political dialogue which 350. My country stands in solidarity with all op- would make it possib~e to It:ad, without ~~rimony or pressed peoples, with all States suffering from aggres- ~omplacenr~~ to ~ dIagnosIs of the CrISIS and the sion in Central America, and we reiterate to them our Implementatl~nwlth<?ut delay of th~ measurf,~advo- Jtaunch support in their just struggle to free them- cated by the mternatlOna~ commumty. Wf~ Wish our selves from oppression and foreign domination. aPl?eal to be the expressIOn,of ~he ~rgent, need for Benin lends itfJ support to the Latin American a~tlOn and also an ac~ <?~ faith Imbued With a very peoples and the Contadora Group, which are work- hIgh sense of responsIbilIty. mg for peace and stability in Latin America. 359. The name of the United Nations is identified 351. It is easy for all of us together to make our with an ideal of law, justice and peace, an ideal from world more livable and more responsive to our which our world is steadily withdrawing. We must needs, provided that we make the necessary effort to have the certainty that there are laws to be de.enoed find factual expression of our will to eliminate and valuf, to be safeguarded, Unfortunately, the res~lutely the spectre of death and holocaust, to prim,ary fun~tions of the United Nat.ions-main,ta,in- ~hlc~ we refer more and more frequently, consider- !ng mtt:rnatwnal peac~ and security and gUldmg mg disarmament an imperative need for the survival mternatlonal co-operation for development---con- of the human race. tinue to be persistently disregarded. 352. Today, a sad and fearsome new reality is 360. We cannot ignore this. The crisis of confi- coming into being and it threatens to dash again the dence, even of identity, can be overcome. This is a !fleagre hopes we were beginning to have about the major task which it will not be easy to carry out. The Impossibility of nuclear war. Indeed, up to this time definition of the United Nations and the very some had been sure of the improbability of a nuch~ar foundations of its existence constitute an act of hope. conflict, because no one could be the victor in such a Why, then, not act? Let us undertake immediately a cataclysm, Previously, one could still maintain the frar.k dialogue which could serve to underpin the purely deterrent nature of the emplacement of nude- edifice. Such an immense pooling of efforts would ar devices, Unfortunately, day after day new events certainly result in a return to the true universdl lend a new dimension to the situation. vocation of the United Nations, NOTES IMilitary and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Provisional Measures, Order of 10 May 1984, 1.e.I. Reports 1984, p. 169. 2Adopted by the High-Level Conference on Economic Co-opera- tion among Developing Countries, held at Caracas from 13 to 19 May 1981. See A/36/333 and Corr.1, annex. 30fficial Records of thlf! Economic and Social Council, 1984, Supplement No. 7, sect. L 40fficial Records ofthe Third United Nations Conference on the Law ofthe Sea, vol. XVII (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.84.V.3), document A/CONF.62/122. sSee A/38/132 and Corr.1 and 2, annex, sect. Ill, chap. XX. 16See Report of the United '.Tations Conference on Science and Technology for Development, Vienna, 20-31 August 1979 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.79.1.21 and corrigenda), chap. VU. I'See Report of the United Nations Conference on New and Renewable Sources ofEnergy, Nai,.obi, 10-21 August 1981 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.81.1.24), chap. I, sect. A. 18A/S-ll/14, annex I. 19/bid., annex 11. 2oE/1984/11O, annex. 21See Report of the World Conference of the International Women's Year, Mexico City, 19 June-2 July 1975 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.76.1V.1), chap. 11, sect. A.