A/39/PV.7 General Assembly

I have great pleasure in welcoming the Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs of New Zealand, Mr. David Lange, and inviting him to address the General Assembly. 2. Mr. LANGE (New Zealand): Mr. President, I congratulate you on your election. When Africa's problems are looming so large, it is appropriate that an African should once again preside over the General Assembly. We are confident that your presidency will help make this session a fruitful one. New Zealand will do all it can to assist you. 3. We welcome the newest Member of the United Nations, Brunei Darussalam, a coun~ry of our own part of the world, with which we have long-standing ties. New /...,caland has long believed that the mem- bership of the Organization should be universal. We welcome every step in that direction. We would not want to see the principle of universality compro- mised in any way. 4. I would not adequately reflect the views of most New Zealanders if I did not, right at the beginning of my first address to the General Assembly, talk about an issue that has become very prominent in public debate in our countly. New Zealanders-not just a few of them, but people from all sectors of the community-have become gravely concerned about nuclear weapons and the continuing and deadly competition in their production, their refinement and their deployment. 5. New Zealand is a small and remote country, perhaps a little distant from the mainstream of world affairs. We are fortunate enough to live in a region that constitutes a pocket of tranquillity in a deeply divided and troubled world. Like many members of the international community, New Zealand faces serious economic problems and some social ones as well; but we are at least able to come ~o grips with these problems without having our attention diverted by those immediate worries ,!,out securitY that are all too familiar for many lv\;>;mbers of the United Nations. We are not occupied; we are nobody's client; we have excellent relations with all our neighbours; in 1984 no other country has Nf.-w Zealand in its sights. For our longer-term protection we rely on our membership of the Western Alliance. That membership is formally expressed in a security treaty with the United States and Australia which for NEW YORK 33 years has been a central frature of the foreign and defence policies of successive New Zealand Govern- ments, including my own. 6. Against this background, why is it that New Zealanders are becoming increasingly worried about a contest that is centred in two capitals half a world aw3'~.'? With no more immodesty than many others, New Zealanders like to think of themselves as practical and sensible people. They are simply alarmed at the continuing build-up of nuclear arse- nals, because they can see no sense in it. How does it make sense continually to augment and refine an existing capacity to make the rubble bounce and bounce and bounce again? New Zealanders have felt deepening frustration .at the inability of the States that hold nuclear weapons, in particular the two super-Powers, to agree on practical measures to halt and reverse the process of building more and Ubet- ter" nuclear weapons. If ordinary people everywhere can see the irrationality of that race, they ask, why cannot the super-Powers see it also? And, if they can see it, why do they not do something about It? 7. Quite recently, another dimension has been added to these concerns. Our people, like others round the world, have known for a long time that the possibility of nuclear war is a terrible and frightening one. They have known for very many years that if the countries that have these weapons eventually de- scend to hurling them at each other, then those countries Bnd their peoples will be destroyed. They have also recognized that other countries, including New Zealand, would suffer very severely indeed. But New Zealanders had not previously supposed that the direct physical consequences for them could be overwhelming. If common humanity and concern for others dictated anxiety about nuclear war, it was thought, perhaps we could afford to be slightly less anxious than others. 8. Within the last year or so, New Zealanders have been told that even that last tattered shred of reassurance is probably no longer available. Reputa- ble scientists from east and west have told us that the global, climatic and long-term biological conse- quences of a nuclear war would be much more severe than had been previously thought. What is more, that would be the case if even a relatively small part of existing nuclear arsenals was used or if the weapons ",ere used only against so-called counter-force or military targets. The scientists have also told us that nuclear war in the north may generate a nuclear winter in the south as well. They have gone further and advised us that there is a possibility of the self- inflicted extinction of the human species. That, we are told, is what could flow from the deliberate, if irrational, act, the mistake, the miscalculation or the accident. oth~r cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or 84. Canada hopes that the current efforts of the pUnIshment. 3•We must send a m~ss.a~e to th~ world Government of Lebanon to restore peace and stabili- that torture IS unacceptable to CIVIlIzed natIons. ty in that tragic country will be rewarded. We support 76. Thirdly, the United Nations development activ- Lebanon's territorial integrity and maintain that all ities and humanitarian assistance continue to be foreign troops should withdraw unless present at the irreplaceable. In 1984, UNDP will generate about $1 request of the Lebanese Government. Canadia.ns billion in technical assistance to developing coun- have been appalled by the latest act of terrorism in tries, using the parts of the United Nations system as which so many people were killed and wounded at executing agencies. UNICEF makes a vital contribu- the United States Embassy in Beirut. tion to meeting the developme~t and humanita~ian 85. We strongly support a just and comprehensive nee~s of ~others an~ ~f chIldren. The Umted solution to the Arab-Israeli dispute based on Security NatIOns HIgh ~ommIssIo~er for ~efu~ees a;nd Council resolution 242 (1967), which provides for UNRWA co-ordmate essentIal humamtanan asslst- the right of all States, including Israel, to live within ance to refugees. secure and recognized boundaries. We also support 77. Fourthly, the United Nations system is also the realization of the le~itimate rights of the Palestin- helping to focus upon the most persistent social ians, including their fight to a homeland within a issues facing society. The designation by the United clearly defined territory, the West Bank and Gaza Nations of 1985 as International Youth Year has Strip. encouraged many ~ountrie~ such as Canada t~ deve~- 86. We should remind ourselves that United Na- op a comprehensIye natIOnal programme m ~hls tions peace-keeping forces and observer missions field. The InternatIOnal Conference on PopulatIOn, continue to be essential in a number of troubled areas held at Mexico City from 6 to 14 August 1984, has of the world. All Member States have a responsibility s~reng.thened the momentum generated 0':1 pOl?ula- to contribute to the support of these operations. In tlOn I.ssues over the last decade and Identified particular, we ask Member States to respond posi- elnergmg problems. of global cone.ern. The ~orld tively to the appeal by the Secretary-General for Conference to ~evlew ~nd Appraise the Achleve- additional voluntary contributions to UNFICYP. ments of the ,um!ed NatIOns I?eeade ,for Women, to While peace-keeping forces can help to reduce the b~ held at NaIrobI next July, ~Ill provld~ an oppc;>rtu- risk of open conflict, lasting peace can be achieved Dlty to <:t~velop forwa~d-Iookl':1g strategies to stImu- only through reasonable political compromise. In late positive changes m the lIves of women. that spirit, we applaud the constructive participation 78. Fifthly, under the auspices of the United Na- of the leaders of the two Cypriot communities in the tions system, positive and often innovative legal proximity talks held during the last two weeks under regimes have been established in such critical fields the auspices of the Secretary-General. We welcome as the law of the sea, trade, outer space, civil the announced renewal of those exchanges next aviation, telecc, mmunications and the environment. month, and we urge the parties to seize this opportu- The progressive extension of the rule of law is nity for progress towards a just and lasting settle- fundamental to the whole multilateral system. ment. 79. The record is much less positive: in the area of 87. We are all painfully aware that political and peace and security. We can do more to make creative economic forces now at play in the global environ- use (,,~'\he machinery under the Charter of the United ment are interrelated. It is worth asking: What is the ~ati~nsto facilitate the peaceful settlement o( specif- record of the multilateral system on the economic le disputes. front? 80.. My Government wants the independence, sov- 88. The debt crisis has severely affiicted many erelgnty and genuine non-alignment of Afghanistan developing countries. The effects of severe indebt- restored and foreign forces withdrawn from that edness on the economic prospects of so many battered country. We support the continued efforts of developing countries, on the well-being of their t~e Secretary-General and his Personal Representa- peoples and, on the health of the international tlve to accomplish this. financial system as a whole must remain a major th~ir meetings next spring to s~ch matte~s, as debt, for the eradication of the evil of racism. We reject adJustm~nt and financIal flows m the medIUm-term policies designed to perpetuate apartheid and con- perspectIve. tinue racial discrimination. 90. Th.e courage,ous adjustmen~ efforts 0'£ ,many 97. We are also grieved that the people of Namibia ~evelopmgcountnes must be co~tmued, but I,t IS also are still denied their independence after a century of Important that adequate financmg be provIded by colonial rule. South Africa must set a date to the international community. In this respect,. the implement Namibia's independence under Security important role that cou!d be played by prIvate Council resolution 435 (1978). investment should not be overlooked. 98. I speak here today as a Forei~n Minister 91. As a country heavily dependent on foreign trade conscious of the frustrations of the Umted Nations and foreign investment, my Government is pledged and the limits on its actions. But I first encountered to maintain close co-operation with its economic the United Nations as an idea, not an institution-an partners and to uphold the principles of the open and idea that reached into the comfortable corner of the just multilateral system under which all countries, world where I was born, let me know that famine and developed and developing, can prosper. Effective war and disease were part of daily life in most of the multilateral institutions are essential to prevent paro- world, anr gave me hope that there was a way we chial responses to economic problems that require could fight those evils. Viewed from that perspective, common action. the ~~ited Nations can be jud~e? not by ~olumes of 92. National and international action will be need- repetItIve debates but by the ~~llIonsof chIldren who ed to stem protectionist tendencies, which are still are fed and c~ot~ed and are hvmg; the wars that were strong and could threaten trade prospects. The major av.er,ted or lImIted .or postponed; the hundreds of Western industrialized countries rededicated them- mIllIons of human lIves that have been protected or selves at ~he London Economic Summit to resist improved because the idea of !he United Nations protectionist pressures and to accelerate the work connects people who can help wIth people who need programme of GATT. Our collective ability to fulfil help. these pledges and to move towards a new round of 99. The idea of the United Nations is as important multilateral trade negotiations will be criticai in now as at any time in our history. It forces the haltirg the erosion of the open trading system and comfortable out ofcomplacency. It lifts the desperate ensuring that trade shall continue to be one of the beyond despair. It allows today's frustrations to be motors of growth in the world economy. Developing seen in the light of four decades of lives improved, countries, as well, must play their full role in this conflicts reduced, perspectives enlarged. process. 100. Support for the United Nations must be based 93. Meanwhile, there are the urgent questions of on a clear-sighted view of current realities. When we human suffering that must be addressed. Our new list the things that have gone wrong with the United Government intends to maintain Canada's commit- Nations, we should not forget the things that have ment to reach by 1990 the target of0.7 per cent of the gone right, and when we rejoice in the things that gross national product in official development assist- have gone right, we often underestimate the political ance. Despite serious economic problems at home, and economic problems that lie ahead. We must we shall not turn our backs on the world's disadvan- avoid the trap of blaming the United Nations for our taged peoples. A greater share of our aid budget will own sins and omissions. If we collectively are unable be spent by non-governmental organizations, which to revitalize the United Nations system, we shall have proved their effectiveness in community devel- have to resign ourselves to watching it wither away. opment programmes. That must not happen. 94. The record of the international community on 101. The year 1985, the fortieth anniversary of the economic issues is one of achievement, althou~h it is United Nations, can be a turning-point in the life of far from perfect. We must ensure that the specIalized the Organization. A broad coalition of "friends of the institutions that we have created shall prove capable United Nations" must join forces to renew the sta~e, th~y. can s,urmount theIr dI,fferent mterests .and to in his report. Each time it is forgotten, the theIr polItIcal dIfferences to decIde on and put mto Organization has failed. effect together the practical means required by the . . .. situation. I am thinking of the Second International 157. It IS tll1?-e, on th~ eve of the fortIeth anmver~a- Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa held ry of the Umted NatIons, that we remember thIS. at Geneva from 9 to 11 July 1984. I have rarely seen 158. It is, moreover, what the Secretary-General an international conference inspired by such sense of asked for in the statement he made on 31 May 1984 human solidarity. before the Preparatory Committee for the Fmtieth 151. From the outset, the countries participating in An~iversary of the Uuited Nation.s. He said that the that Conference recognized that the problem of anmvers~ry should be an occasIOn for the world refugees in Africa is the concern of all, for it is the commumty to common responsibility of all nations, even if, regret- "speak out frankly and with a full sense of tably, some States chose to remain aloof from this responsibility towards the entire human family and great movement of international solidarity. On the its planetary home, about the shortcomings of one hand, the African Governments clearly reaf- Member States and of this Organization to fulfil firmed their commitment to do everything in their such vital purposes as the consolidation of peace chea~ and to invite him to address the Assembly. the Kingdom of Thailand to our refugees is not only ~ 63. Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK (Democrat- c~stly to it but a!so dang~rous s~metimes, wh~n IC Kampuchea) (interpretation from French): First of Vletnan:-ese for~es m,filtrate ItS terntory or bomb It. all, I ~ish to extend my cordial greetings to all That nel~hbounngKI~gd,?m has shown u~ ex~mplary delegatIons which are concerned about the tragic fate com~asslOn ,and sohdanty, thereby wmnmg our or. the Khmer people and which are now attending undymg gratItude. thIS meeting of the thirty-ninth session of the General 169. I should like also to thank the many more- Assembly. The steadfastness and energy with which distant nations which have given asylum and assist- ~o many nations have for many years supported the ance to tens of thousands of Khmer refugees, en- Just c~use of Democratic Kampuchea, which has abling t.hem to build, often with their families, decent b~en Invaded, occupied, plundered and half-colo- and peaceful new lives. We owe undying gratitude to mzed by an imperialist, annexationist foreign Power, those nations which took pity on our unfortunate represent for all the patriots of Kampuchea invalu- people and treated as brothers all those who sought able encouragement in their struggle for indepen- refuge in their territories. dence and freedom. 170. Many countries, Governments and peoples, 16~. Mr. President~ your noteworthy election to international bodies, associations, groups and even gUIde the I?roceedings of this session of the General private individuals have given our people humanita- Assembly ,I~ a well-deserved tribute to your well- rian aid which is $reatly appreciated. Others have known ablhty and your outstanding work as Presi- ~iven us essential dIplomatic and material assistance dent ofthe United Nations Council for Namibia. It is In our struggle for national liberation. On behalf of la~inated by a vote of the people supervised by the Umted Nations-and therefore with irrefutable re- sults-the resistance groups would simply have to leave Khmer soil and reflect upon the humiliating defeat in exile. 18~. Unfortunately, neither Phnom Penh nor Ha- nOI wanted to hear of any such free elections, nor do they want to hear of them now. 189. I would add that the very logical and reason- able proposals that I have presented over the years have had no more success; they have been met with the same categorical refusal. For example, in .order to pave the way to the reconstruction of our country- three quarters of which has been destroyed by war-I suggested the creation of a government of national reconciliation, through the inclusion in the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchefl of all the other ~ampuchean parties that would agree to work for an mdependent, neutral and non-aligned Kampu- ~ppp.ar ~ecause of its condemnation by the highest mteI TtatlOnal forums, and also by most of the Powers that were its friends and allies when it was coura- geous!y defending its right to self-determination and reunification. Need I recall that among thos~ friendly ~a,fegu' ~d our national union now and in the future. the ongoing efforts of the Korean people to reunify That is the basic factor in the survival of our nation their homeland. We firmly support the just proposals and the preservation of our national identity. of President Kim Il Sung for an independent and 200. Our overriding duty now is to devote all our peaceful reunification of Korea. forces to the patriotic union, without which our 209. Thirdly, our support and solidarity go also to struggle would be futile. I note that all the component the Afghan people struggling against the Soviet parts of our Coalition Government have become invasion. We wish the heroic Afghan combatants aware of this need and place the salvation of the fresh victories until the SOYiet forces withdraw, so homeland before any other consideration. It gives me the Afghan people can exercise its inalienable right the greatest pleasure to see the failure of our enemies freely to choose its Government and its economic to sow division within our coalition. and social system. 201. We Khmers know full well that the Vietnam- 210. Fourthly, we continue our firm support of the ese are our neighbours and will be so for all time. It is Palestinian people in its efforts, under the leadership a warlike, expansionist, ambitious race, with which of the Palestine Liberation Organization [PLO], to we have often had difficulties in living in peace. Its recover its legitimate national rights, including the leaders are, however, on great occasions capable of right to found an independent State on its territory- reaHsm. They have demonstrated that in recent the only way to bring about a lasting peace in the decades in their dealings with the United States. Middle East. They p~ob~bly ,know w~en not to go too fa!. ~heir 211. Fifthly, in the same hope, we welcome the ~omes,tlc sItuatI~n, I?artlcul,arly the. eccnomlC sItua- establishment of a government of national union in tlOn, IS becommg. Increasmgly dIfficult, and t~e Lebanon. It is essential that an foreign forces with- people of S<?uth, Vlet Nam a~e not really comm,It- draw from that martyred country so that it can once ted-to put It mI1dly-h. the Ideology and austenty again find its independence, sovereignty and territo- of the North. rial integrity. 202. With regard to,Ka~puchea, the Hanoi leade~s 212. Sixthly, we urge two fraternal neighbours, Iraq no longer have any IllUSIOns: they know that theIr and Iran to end the escalation of the war between Phnom Penh p1;1ppets obey them only re,luctantly, ~nd them; w~ support any measures that could bring have ~o a,uth<?f1ty over the I?opulace WhICh, humlhat- about a peaceful settlement of that conflict. ed dally, IS ahe!1ated by theIr ~xcesses. Thanks to the 213. Seventhly, we reiterate our total support for courag~ous actIon of o1;1r reSIstance forces, Kampu- the African liberation movements, in particular the c~ea WIll never b~ t~e,nce granary coveted ,by North South "Nest Africa People's Organization [SWAPO], VIet Nam to allev~at", ItS f90d shortages. ThIS war has the sole, legitimate representative of the popular taken a heavy toll. many hves have been lost, human struggle of the Namibian patriots, for the withdrawal resources that sh,ould have been deyoted to the of the present illegal Administration and the transfer de,v~lop~entof Vlet Nam have been dl,:erted to the of power to the Namibian people, with United ~I1~tary; It ~as sapped ,the economy of VIet Nam and Nations assistance Its mternatIOnal prestIge. " , , , ,'. 214. Elghthly, we support the efforts of the Orgam- 203. That anachrom~tIccolomahst pOl,ICY can~ot,go zation of African Unity and the countries of the Horn on forever-unless VI~t Nam has a SUICide mlss~on of Africa to restore peace and stability in the region. o~ wants to make sacnfi~es ~otally out of pr~port,IOn We reiterate our solidarity with the Somali people in With t~e benefits for which It hopes from thIS faIled defending their independence and territorial integ- operatIOn. , rity. 204. If the adversary, can heed the Y9Ice of,reas,on~ 215. Ninthly, we support the efforts of th~ people we propose to end ~hIS age-old hostIhty. If It ~It~ and the Government of Chad to defend the mdepen- dra~s froJ!l our terntory, we offer ~o develop w.lth It dence sovereignty and territorial integrity of that and ItS alhes of the moment, and With all countnes of ' the world, relations of friendship and co-operation country., , " , based on the five principles of peaceful coexistence, 216. fmally, we support the mltlatlye~ of the in equality, mutual respect and common interest. cou~tfles of t,h,e C,ontadora Grou~ to ehmmate t,he The Kampuchea that we build will be independent, tensIOn prevalh!lg m Central Amenca and t~e Canb- neutral, non-aligned, no one's enemy, and friend of bean and to brmg about the ~reedom and mdepen- all who wish it well. How could it disturb Viet dence of all States of the regIOn, Nam-a country of 52 million inhabitants-which is 217. The PRESIDENT: On behalf of the General so militarily powerful? Assembly, I wish to thank the President of Democrat- 205, Thus far, the Vietnamese have left us no !c Kampuchea for the important statement he has alternative but to fight them, We sincerely hope that Just made. they will soon realize the need to negotiate with the 218. Mr. RAMIREZ OCAMPO (Colombia) (inter- legi'imate representatives of the people of Kampu- pretation from Spanish): It is a good omen indeed, chea and understand that there would be no humilia- and Colombia is very pleased, that the deliberations 220. I take this occasl'on to welcome the State of of political, economic and social system best suited to their own interests. Brunei Darussalam as a new Member of the United Nations. 229. To that end, the Contadora Act establishes that no territory shall be utilized for acts which 221. I also congratulate the Secretary-General on violate the sovereign rights of other States. We the report on the work of the Organization [AI3911], advocate the creation, promotion and strengthening which he has presented to the Assembly for consider- of democratic systems by means of efforts at national ation, in fulfilment of the guiding role entrusted to reconciliation, with a view to achieving lawful popu- him )y the Organization. lar participation in political agreements. 222. Only 15 years remain before mankind em- 230. In that document on peace and development barks UpOll the third millenium of our era. This we also advocate the impJementation of agreements century has been characterized by sharp confronta- by means of a relaxation of tension and the promo- tions and by wars, but also by the most dynamic tion of confidence. Hence we have specified the technologica} and cultural progress. Yet, equitable functions of the Verification and Control Commis- development and peace still elude vast segments of sion for Security Matters, composed of four commis- the world. sioners, representing States known for their impar- 223. Many of the political problems we are now tiality, who will verify the dismantling of foreign experiencing stem from the distribution of power military installations. Furthermore, we ask for the since the Yalta agreements, which established immediate withdrawal of the foreign advisers in- splleres of influence that have often clashed with the volved in trainin$ and in operations. In addition, the national interests of States. This situation still per- signatory countrIes are r~quested to abstain from sists-in essentially the same guise-in Europ(~,Asia, conductmg within their terrItories activities designed Africa and Latin America. to destabilize Governments in the region. 224. Indeed, the American ~ontinent has not been 231. There is now a real possibility ofan agreement immune to the effects vf thiis (~heory of world power. that will make it possible for the Central American Over the past several decades we have witnessed the States to tackle their own development problems imposition of dictatorships ag~inst the popular wit,",out internal or external threats of war. We have will-totalitarian re$imes that have disregarded law- come before the United Nations in the hope of ful means of expreSSIOn. As is well known, the advent finding support from the Organization, which ,;vas of such regimes, of the left or of the right, has established precisely to preserve peace. invariably been the prelude to constant violations of 232. It would be naive to deny that the serious human and other basic rights. economic problem affecting the entire re~ion of the 225. We must, therefore, establish a policy which continent IS at the root of the crisis gripPIn$ Central will protect mankind from ideological polarization America. One of the objectives of the meetmg to be involving violent confrontation. This can be done held at San Jose, Costa Rica, at the end of 'this week only by advocating the sound principle of pluralism is the convening of the Foreign Ministers of the as the essence of dialogue and as recognition of member countries of the European Economic Com- differences of opinion. munity [EEC], Spain and Portugal, together with 226. It was that concept which prompted my coun- their counterparts from Costa Rica, El Salvador, try, in all good faith, and in co-operation with Guatemala, Honduras, Nicara~ua, Mexico, Panama, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela, to strive to prevent Venezuela and Colombia, to dISCUSS possible formu- open confrontation in Central America and thus las for direct economic assistance and other forms of avert the social and economic upheaval that would co-operation so that this region of Latin America result from a fratricidal war bound to have grave may have better prospects of development. consequences for the stability of our continent. 233. I cannot let pass this opportunity to commend 2,27. What we advocate for the region is the promo- the attitude adopted by the 10 member countries of tlOn of democratic systems, free interplay or political the EEC, along with Spain and Portugal, in their parties, respect for the rights of others, and tolerance desire to rarticipate in a solution based upon the as ~~e corner-stone of the political process. This support 0 all nations of goodwill in the search for POSItIOn stems from the fact that by peaceful means genuine political balance and for the diversification we have overcome our temporary differences with of economic opportunities. ou~ sister States of Latin America. Hence, we cannot 234. The countries members of the Coutadora belIeve that armed confrontation or an international- Group, ~n compliance with the mandate entrusted to i7..ation of the problems of the region is the way to a them last year, have this afternoon reported to the bnghter future-one which we truly desire-for a Secretary-General on the work they have accom- !hr~at~ to mternatIo?al peace and secunty and peace world seem to be mere histork facts. mltIatlves" [resolutwn 38110]. '. . . 236. Once the Contadora Act, which has met with 243. La~m Amenca now transfer~ 3 per cent of. ItS broad support from the countries of Central Aml~rjca, gross ~atlOnal product to the .developed cou~tnes. has been signed, and once we have receive'rl the final Ov~r the past three years, .t~IS has represenle~ a comments from those Governments, an additional capItal loss of almost .~50 bIllIon. l;Iow paradoxIc!i1 protocol will be opened for signature by all countries. thIS seems when. we r"",a.~ the c~~mItments I?ade In It will reflect in concrete legal terms the unanimous the 1960s by WhICh the md~stnalIzedc~untnes were support the international community has given to the to transfer 1 p~r cent of t~elr gross natIonal product Contadora process from its very inception. The to the developIn.g countn~s. We have. rechannelled adherence of the super-Powers and the industrialized an~ rendered futIle the .r~a_ efforts of eIght years and countries to the Act is especially necessary in order have derogated the polthcal efforts of a quarter of a tha! our objectives may be successfully attained. Nor century. is it s,tIperfluous t.~. add ~hat it will. be solely and 244. Hence, and for good reason, on 21 June of this exclUSIvely the. polItIcal WIll of th~ slgna.tory States, year, 11 Latin American countries met at Cartagena free from any Interfer~nce, that WIll decIde the fate de Indias to consider carefully and effectively the and future of the regIOn. political and material consequences of the heavy 237. In this same context of the constant search for burden of a $350 billion indebtedness and in order at peace on all levels, the Government I have the the same time to find, for the purpose of individual honour to represent here, headed by its President, renegotiations, areas where problems converge and Belisario Betancur, has embarked with special re- where solutions might be shared, to evaluate them solve upon a labour of peace for the benefit of all its together, not to propose either a unilateral moratori- citizens. urn or the oft-mentioned debtors' club, but rather to 2~8. It is a special characteri~tic of my country's work out the best way to f~lfil o~r fi~ancial commit- present Administration that we are practising at m~n.t~ a~d meet our financlal oblIgatIons through the home what we preach in the international arena as a remltIatIon of a dev~lopment ~rocess that has been solution for Central America. It is fitting that this allowed to stagnate In our regIOn. shoul~ .b~ so, since political leaders are often subje~t 245. The validity and timeliness of the Cartagena to cr.Itlclsm for the la~k of conSIstency .that IS Consensus [see A/39/33i] will be proved either by ~ercelved between wha! IS preached. at the mterna- success in dialogue or by the bankruptcy of debtors ~lOnal level and the actIOns that theIr Governments and creditors if that dialogue is not achieved. It In fact take. highlighted as main points of analysis and discussion 239. Colombia is confident that, as the very essence the need to find real levels of interest rates consistent of democracy, dialogue is better suited to national with the growth of the world economy and the ability interests than confrontation and unbridled struggle. of the debtors to pay; the need to establish special We have carried out a policy based on "national compensatory facilities to cover the overhead caused dialogue" in which our political system has never by present financial conditions; the need to make the been threatened, much less our institutions and our credit terms of the mpJtilateral financial agencies legitimately established authorities, which have right- more flexible; the ur~ent need for the IMF to ly been praised on all sides. contribute to the creatIOn of a new world liquidity 240. I should now like to draw the Assembly's aimed at alleviating the. d~bt ~urden and op~ni~g attention to one of the issues that is of greatest mar~ets through the elImmatlOn of protectIOnIst importance to the international community, namely, barrIers. foreign debt. At a recent meeting we discussed the 246. The first follow-up meeting to the Cartagena difficulties of strengthening the democratic system if Consensus was held at Mar del Plata just two ,'"oeks the adverse consequences of indebtedness were al- ago. There, in spite of the optimism of the communi- lowed to persist and if Latin America remained cations media and of some Governments of devel- subject to a constant drainage of its resources that are oped countries over the temporary success of some being transferred to the creditor countries and there- individual renegotiations, we concluded that no by creating effects that are clearly disastrous for substantive solution had yet been found to the employment, production and growth. indebtedness problem. As was stated by the negotia- 241. The Latin American region, far from having tors themselves, the rope has loosened a bit but the progressed. has in 1983 and thus far this year knot is still not untied. In these circumstrances, we regressed to 1976 levels. In other words. all the find ourselves faced with the need to invite the political. financial and social efforts of the past eight developed community to establish a direct political years have been in vain. The widely publicized dialogue with the Governments of the debtor coun- recovery of certain industrialized countries remains tries. Only governmental decisions on all sides with confined to their economies. The passage of time has great foresight can save the world economy from thus contirmed that we were right when we stated in strangulation in the near future. l'~ecent rises in the rate of the dollar demonstrate that 255. Just as we have contributed to the definition it is urgent for all countries, including the industrial- of the law of the sea, a successful endeavour of the ized countries, to study the international financial international community, we believe that at present problem together. we must in the same spirit establish the laws of outer 248. On 10 August 1984, at Quito, as was very space, taking duly into account the special circum- eloquently stressed this morning by the President of stances of the equatorial countries and recognizing Venezuela [6th meeting], the Presidents of Bolivia, the needs of the developing countries. Ecuador, Venezuela and Colombia and the Vice- 256. In the effort to strengthen peace and avoid the Presidenl:3 of Nican.gua and Panama declared that destruction of civilization, Colombia believes it is the traffic in and illicit use of narcotic drugs was a making a concrete contribution with its proposals on threat to the public health of peoples, affecting their the regulation of the geostationary orbit, and we d.evelopment and posing a constant danger of subver- invite the spokesmen of the space Powers to explore slOn. the path towards harmony and consensus formulas. 249. T~ey also recognized th~t the narcotic~ traffic We want outer space to be a way of reaching our is an actIvIty planned and c~rn~d out at.the mterna- shared destiny and never a springboard for destruc- tional level through orgamzatlOns haVIng vast re- tion, hatred and war. sources and that the struggle against it must be waged 257. We have repeated, almost to excess, the way in equally by producer and co~sumer .countries ~nd which my country understands and puts into practice must include conce'1:ed InternatIonal actIOn. its belief in the ideology of the purest humamsm. We Towards that crl~i, there is a need for a specialized have never taken up arms except in defence of our intenlational conference, under the auspices of the territorial integrity. None of the sister countries United Nations, which would declare narcotics traf- bordering ours-in the Caribbean as in the Pacific, fic to be a uniYersal crime, establish action at the on the Orinoco as on the Amazon-can say that we world level to combat it and create an assistance fund have called into question the sanctity of treaties and for the producer countries that are endeavouring at good faith in their fulfilment: Toda~, as in the past, gre;..t cost to eradicate it. we advocate acceptance, urbl et orbl, of the express 250. Colombia has suffered from th!s scourge at an commitment of a State. incalculable cost, to the extent that this year it 258. That is why we strongly reject interference or brought about the death of its Minister of Justi,ce, military intervention by one country in the affairs of cruelly assassinated by the drug underworld, WhICh another, whether in Afghanistan, Kampu~hea. or he was valorously combating. Namibia, in Mozambique, Angola or Chad, In Nlca- 251. My Government is continuing that comb~t, ragua, El Salvador or Honduras. Wherever. such but it knows full well that that trade would not eXIst activities have occurred we have seen a succeSSIon of if the consumer countries were to tackle it with equal countless cotyses and injustices,. as well as mis~ry, in energy. This is why we propose to the Assembly that various contments, leaVIng a traIl of hatred, pam and a pitched and universal war be waged against traffic msecurity for the human race. in narcotics. 259. We must affirm here that foreign troops and 252. At the thirtieth session of the General Assem- military advisers must return to the camps from bly, in 1975, Colombia for the first time referred5 to which they came. If we want every State to be the the need for a legal definition of outer space, and in master of its own wealth, the architect of it:\. own particular the need to ensure the rights of the economic development and the creator of its own equatorial countries to the limited natural resource of cultural identity, each must be able with complete the geostationary orbit, which has assumed extreme autonomy to follow its own course towards peace, importance as a result of accelerated technological justice and progress. and scientific advances, the new industrial potential 260. We have defended the right to be different, of outer space and the risks of its militarization. without affecting the universality of internat;~,"id 253. In the Legal Sub-Committee of the Committee organizations. on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, meeting at 261. We are concerned about the situation in the Geneva from 19 March to 6 April 1984, we submit- Middle East, which is why we call for a solution ted, on behalf of the equatorial countries, draft recognizing the right of the Palestinian people to a general principles governing the geostationary orbit,6 sovereign State, without calling !nto ,\uesti0!l t~e which the Group of 77 consider to be a good basis for existence of the State of Israel and Its deSIre to lIve m negotiation. The draft principles represent a serious peace within its own borders. That is what we also legal statement having broad scientific support; they hope for Lebanon, where we should like to see the urge that the resource be placed at the service of h h h mankind and that the present situation of monopoly restoration of the peace and armony t at c aracter- and inequity be redressed. In 1982, at our initiative ized that nation for so many years, so that there may be no more bloody acts against humanity such as also, the new International Telecommunication Con- those that we have witnessed with horror recently. vention, adopted by the Plenipotentiary Conference of the International Telecommunication Union, held 262. Similarly, we stress that Great Britain and at Nairobi, included recognition that there are coun- Argentina should once agai.n sit down ~t the neg~)tiat.. tries such as ours that have a special geographical ing table to resume the dIalogue, unIlaterally mter- situation. rupted~ which will make it possible to reconcile 'f larg~st multilateral development body, ~l?A, .whose 333. The relationship betw~en the United States undIsputed competence has b~en of deCISIve Impor- and the Soviet Union is a fundamental factor in the tance. to the poorest countnes, must be ensured environment of international politics. This past sufficIent resources. We th,erefore regret that some.of summer's great disappointment was the lack of ~he largest don<?r countnes h~ve not shown wIlI- sincerity in bringing about negotiations aimed at mgness to contnbute to the remforcement of IDA. preventing an arms race in outer space. Earlier, the 323. The critical situation in sub-Saharan Africa, Soviet withdrawal from the negotiations on interme- which is characterized by drought and starvation, diate-range nuclear forces and the strategic arms must be met with prompt and decisive action. :reduction talks interrupted the serious efforts aimed Meanwhile, it is encouraging that the African States at achieving security at a lower level of armaments. themselves are attempting to reverse the develop- But problems are not solved by turning one's back to ment through regional co-operation. Sweden has them. supported, and inten~s in. th~ future to increas~ its 334. In this negative atmosphere, it is extremely support for co-operatI~n \yIthm the Southern Afncan important that efforts to turn developments in a Development Co-ordmatIon Conference. more positive direction have been made in the 324. UNICEF's work for the survival of children is dialogue between East and West at the collective also of the greatest significance, We welcome the level. In NATO we have thoroughly examined East- Fund's initiative in taking up the question of support West relations in the light of the experiences of the for children in especially difficult circumstances, 1970s and the challenges of the 1980s and with the such as children living in situations of war. In this aim of creating a more constructive dialogue. In our connection, attention should also be drawn to the declaration from the meeting in May in Washington draft convention on the rights of the child, which is we reconfirmed the priorities and aims of the AlIi- under consideration in the Commission on Human ance. Thus, despite severe set-backs in recent years Rights. for the policy of detente, the Alliance has not given 325 The countries of the world need the United up hope. In fact, efforts to seek dialogue and co- Nations We need the United Nations in order to operation will be intensified as part of a long-term eliminate the risk of armed conflicts and to achieve policy to bring about genuine detente and stability. international disarmament. The President of the United States, when he spoke in 326. We need the United Nations in order to be the Assembly yeste.rday [4th meetin~], very clear~y able to deal with the pressing common problems of reaffirmed the Umted States commItme~t to t.hIS environment and resources, which no one country p<?lIcy, and we ve9: much hope that the SOVIet Umon can tackle alone. wIll respond ~osItIvely to that statement. 327. We need the United Nations in order to follow 335. Our polIcy ~nd<?ubtedly correspon.ds closely to through our efforts to improve the economic and the hOl?es and aspIratIons of all people m West an~ social conditions of the third world ~ast alIke. It also corr~sponqs c~o~ely to the ~ondI- J . . • tIOns that must be met If the mdIvIdual countnes on 328. The l!mted NatIons must not be al,lowed to both sides of the present dividing line in Europe are deg~nerate .mto a forum for confrontatIon. ~he to enjoy fully the privilege of expressing their inter- Un!ted ~atIons must be ~ forum for constructIve ests and pursuing them in co-operation with others. delIberatIon and co-operatIon. The principal aim is to strengthen peace and deepen 329. Mr. ELLEMAN-JENSEN (Denmark): I should co-operation between East and West. In the short like first to offer Mr. Lusaka my sincere congratula- term, a more modest aim is to reach a situation in tions on his election to the presidency of the thirty- which both sides have more to gain from co-opera- ninth session of the General Assembly. I assure him tion than from confrontation. The Danish Govern- of the full co-operation of the Danish delegation in ment is ready to contribute actively towards the performing the duties of his high office. attainment of this aim. 330. Furthermore, it gives me great personal pleas- 336. The Danish Government values highly the ure to extend· a most cordial welcome to Brunei possibilities for common action which flow from the Darussalam as the newest Member of the United multilateral process initiated by the Final Act of the Nations. Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, 331. The international situation today represents a signed at Helsinki on 1 August 1975. The years have disheartening picture. We are witnessing a lack of also demonstrated the value. of the C.onference progress in the dialogue between East and West ir. process as a framework f<:>r. dIa.logue. ThIS l?rocess the crucial an~a of arms control and disarmament. represents to all t.he parttcIpatI.ng .States, bIg and The global problems of hunger, poverty and the s~all, an opportumty anc,t a.n oblIgatIon: an ~pportu- violation of human rights remain serious. Regional n!ty fo~ all to launch theIr Ideas and values lI~tO ~he conflicts have deteriorated into open military fight- dIScussIon about the future of Europe; an oblIgatIon ing. Perhaps the only reason for keepin~ some to seek results through consensus. optimism alive is the fact that the growth in mterna- 337. This year, the process has acquired a new tiona! communications gradually makes people important dimension, the Conference on Confi- ~ur tIme, the ar~s ra,ce. Yet we fi~d the mo~entum to be initiated without delay and for action to In the reverse dIrectIon. The stramed relations be- prevent this development tween the two super-Powers have continued to feed 393 Th . .. on the infinitely ominous tendency to build refine . e past years hav~ shown an n~crea~Ing and stockpile weapons. Their competition' in'manu- tendency to resort to arms In response to SituatIons facturing and stockpiling weapons of mass destrilc- that could or shou.ld hav.e been resolved throu~h tion has triggered an intense race far in excess of the peaceful means. :rhls has Inc~eased the. opportun~ty legitimate need for self-defence among the third for powerful ~orelgn forces t~ Inter~~ne ID the affaIrs world countries. While the arms race has been of s~allernatu?ns. The superImposItIon of East:-West increasing both in intensity and scope, no progress is tenslC?ns op regIOnal conflIcts has further complIcated d d ' th t" , h . .. the SItuatIon. recor e In e nego latlons WIt respect to prIorItIes . . . identified in the Final Document of the Tenth 394. T~~ sItuatI~n In the Middle East, with ~ll its Special Session, devoted to disarmament [resolution co~plexltIe~, contInues to.command the attentIon of 8-10/2]. All the more frustrating is the fact that there the InternatIOnal communIty. The adamant refusal to appears to be very little prospect of an immediate heed ~eason and go~d sense has perp~tuated the cycle breakthrough, notwithstanding the technical and of mIstrust and vIolence. The national tragedy of !egal groundwork laid down years ago. The stalemate Lebanon has only un~erscored the n~ed.to re4~uble In the Conference on Disarmament on such issues as ~fforts to fi~d a solutI~n to that ,contInUIng CrISIS. A the comprehensive nuclear test-ban treaty, agreement Just and lastIng peace In th~t regIon can be ac~ieved on the complete and effective prohibition of the only through a comprehensIve settlement .c~verIngall development, production and stockpiling of all ~sp~cts of t~e problem, such ~s. recognItIon of the chemical weapons and their destruction and on a IJ;lalIenable rIghts C?f the Pal~stIn~an pe~ple and the convention prohibiting the development, production, r!ght, of all Stat~s ~n the regIon, Includl!1g Israel, to stockpiling and use of radiological weapons cannot lIve In peace wIthIn secure and recognIzed bound.. be explained other than as a result of the lack of a~ies, ~md Israel's withdrawal from territories occu- political will on the part oftt.; major Powers to come pled SInce 1967. to any agreement. 395. The United Nations is the only universal 389. It is true that all nuclear-weapon States have forum within ~he framework of which efforts towards expressed an aversion to using nuclear weapons. a comprehensIve peace ca~ properl~ be pursued. In However, the very existence of such weapons in the the past we welcomed partIal steps In the hope that present state of International relations presents an !he~ would be a prelude to comprehens~v~peace and unprecedented threat to human life and civilization. Jl;lstlce. We stand ready to support any InItIative that Possession of the~e. ~eapons confers on the major sIn~erely seeks to addr~ss the elements of a just, Powers a responsIbilIty to negotiate ways to reduce l~stIng and c~mprehe~sIve peace that I have out- and ultimately eliminate these weapons of annihila- hned. The Umted NatIons should also take immedi- tion. ate steps to encourage national reconciliation in 390. Nepal has always insisted that continuing Lebanon, the withd~aw~l of all foreign forc~~ and dialogue between the United States and the Soviet respec~ for the terrItorIal IntegrIty and legItImate Union undertaken in good faith will not only facili- sovereIgnty of ~b~non. . tate progress on all aspects of nuclear disarmament 3~6. The co~tInUIng conflIct between two non- but also have a decisive impact on the general alIgned countrIes, Iran and Iraq, is a source of deep climate of international relations. A prolonged stale- concern to the international community. That tragic mate in the negotiations between the two super- ~ar has causeq immense human suffering and mate- ~owers could, in ~ddition, have far-reaching implica- nalloss anq ~Ill have unpredictable consequences in tlOns for the prolIferation of nuclear weapons both a very sensItIve area of the world. Nepal renews its vertically and horizontally. It might then be t~o late appeal to both Iran and Iraq to agree to an effective for the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear c~ase-fire and seek a negotiated settlement of their Wea~ons lresolution 2373 (XXII), annex] to contain dIspute. the sItuatIon any. longer. 397.. Ut~er disregard for. the basic norms governing 391. My delegatIOn fuBy shares the general anxiety relations oetween States m many parts of the world posed by nuclear weapons. We would like to stress has been a constant source of tension and a threat to however, the need to tackle the problem of th~ international peace and security. Every State, big or production., refinement, stockpiling and, above all small, powerful or weak, has the inalienable right to i~ternational transfer of convent,ional ~eapons. Infe: ch~ose it.s own soc~~l, econ~mic and political system. nor to nuclear weapons only ID theIr capacity to ThIS baSIC and legItimate rIght of a State and people bring devastation, these immensely powerful weap- can be.del;lied only at the cost of the ideals, purposes ons of mass destruction have been a major drain on and prInCIples of the Charter of the United Nations. the, limited resources of many developing countries Respect f~r these fundar~Jental principles of inter- whIch are trying to outdo each other in acquiring State ,relations epshrined in the <:;harter is th~ only them. Thes~ weapons have caused untold suffering in ~ffe~tlve protection for States agaInst the dom1Oeer- the years SInce the founding of the United Nations. I~g Influence of the big Powers. It is in this perspec- My delegation welcomes the study on all aspects of tlve that my delegation views the situation 10 Kam- the conventional arms race and on disarmament puchea and Afghanistan. relating to conventional weapons and .a~~eq forces 398. The situation in Kampuchea remains a matter [A/39/348]. We would support any InitIative de- of grave concern. Despite strenuous efforts by the ~hich the Kampuc~eat:t people can exercise their 405. Apart from the specific political and security rIght to self-determmatlOn. issues to which A have referred, there are economic 399. Similarly, developments in Afghanistan have problems of an equally great magnitude which con- been a cause of great tension and anxiety throughout front humanity and which must be taken into the world. The General Assembly has more than once account seriously if we are to make progress in the pronounced itself unequivocally on the principles great task of building a reasonably acceptable world involved and the action required. Only adherence to order. In spite of attempts to strengthen international the will of an overwhelming majority of the interna- co-operation, the world continues to face increasing tional community can help facilitate a fair political economic difficulties. solutiot:t that. will ensur~ tha~ the Afghan I?eople 406. In the face of the pressing economic needs of ~etermme theIr own d~stmy Without mterventIOn or the third world countries, the continued deadlock in mterference from o?tslde. The efforts of th.e Secre- the efforts to launch global negotiations is clearly ta9'-General and hIs.Personal RepresentatIve, Mr. unacceptablr The Group of 77 has been approaching DIego Cordovez, enJ,?Y the full confidence and the issue \\<1th an open and positive mind, as was support of my delegatIOn. evident in the exploratory exchanges during the 400. The situation in Central America remains thirty-eighth session ofthe General Assembly. We are volatile and tense. A feeling of insecurity and fear of dismayed that the London Economic Summit of the destabilization caused by outside forces is fuelling industrialized countries, held in June of this year, violence and tension in the region. My delegation was conspicuously silent on the issue of global reiterates its support for Security Council resolution negotiations. 530 (l ~83), w~ich.reaffirms the right of the States in 407. Our concern over this continued impasse the regIOn to lIve m peace a1'!d freedom..The efforts arises from our conviction that the fundamental of the Contadora Group contmue to receIve our firm problems facing the international community in support. areas of development and international economic co- 401. The situation in Cyprus has taken an unhappi- operation are global in nature and therefore require a er turn in the recent past. Nepal reiterates its support global, integrated approach. Short of this, no meas- for the territorial integrity, independence, sovereign- ure, no solution, however well-intentioned, can ade- ty and n.on-aligned ~haracter of Cyprus. My delega- quately respond to the present crisis. hon .belIeves that mtercommunal talks under the 408. The much..heralded recovery is limited to a ausplce.s of the Se~retary-General offer the best ho~e few developed market economies. High interest rates, for a vI~ble solutIOn of the Cyp~s .p.ro~lem, and It falling prices of primary products, fluctuating ex- renews Its support for !he recen~ ml~latIve taken by change rates, an increasmg tendency to protection- the Secretary-General m that dIrectIOn. ism, a critical shortfall in resources of international 402. Nepal remains firm in its view that the development agencies and the high cost of imports aspirations of the Korean people for national reunifi- have made the economies of developing countries cation must be fulfilled peacefully, without outside even more vulnerable. In these circumstances, the interference. ne~ative attit~de.to the pressing needs of the devel- 403. Despite concerted efforts by the international opmg countrIes IS most regrettable. community, South Africa persists with the abhorrent 409. The United Nations Conference on the Least system of apartheid. It also continues to implement Developed Countries, held in Paris in 1981, drew the its policy of bantustanization, designed to make attention of the international community to the millions of citizens aliens in their own countr:' The plight of that group of countries, whose economies recent sham reforms to give a semblance of represen- were extremely fragile and faced further deteriora- tation to the so-called Coloureds and persons of tion if immediate international action was not forth- Indian origin is yet another manoeuvre of the coming. The Substantial New Programme of Action minority racist regime to deny the majority their for the 1980s for the Least Developed Countries, birthright. South Africa's policies constitute a su- adopted by that Conference,1O was a firm commit- preme negation of all that constitutes the guiding ment of the international community to help to principles of the United Nations. My delegation develop the infrastructure of the least developed renews its call for effective international measures countries and to launch sustained development pro- under the provisions of the Charter of the United grammes. A mid-term global review of the imple- Nations, measures which alone can force the South mentation of the Programme is to be undertaken in African regime to respect the will of the international 1985. Looking back, we cannot but express serious community, thus neutralizing a potential threat to concern at the lack of progrf'~S in the implementation international peace and security. of special measures envisagf. !"lder the Programme. 404. My delegation has repeatedly voiced its total My .delegation wishes. to .•..l..~ ~his opportunity ~o opposition to South Africa's illegal occupation of remmd donor countrIes of their solemn commlt- Namibia. We strongly denounce the prevarications me1'!ts and urg~ th.em to come forward generously to often resorted to by South Africa to delay indefinitely realIze the objectives set out m the Programme. the independence of that Territory, for which the 410. As a least developed, as well as a land-locked United Nations has the sole responsibility. My country, Nepal has a vital stake in the full and Int~rnationa! Development Strategy for the Th~rd 417. This brief survey of a few of the important Umted NatIons Develop~ent Dec~~e [resolutlOn issues facing us brings me back to the idea with which 35/56, annex]. Shortfalls ~n the cntIcally ,ne~ded I opened my statement. The ideal world order which resources a!located vo.lun~anly ~o th~se orgamzatIons the Charter of the United Nations visualizes, viewed are dlsturbmg. Orgamza~Ions lIke U3D,P have~ oyer against ever-increasing and complicated problems, the years, developed a hIghly ~~fined SkIll to provIde appears Utopian. It is, however, preferable to a development assIstance. InabIlIty to use these v~lu- course ofevents which, if allowed to grow unchecked, able t<?ols because of severe resour~e constralI~ts would lead to a world conflagration. would Indeed be unfortunate. I take thIS opportumty to express our appreciation of the valuable assistance 418. While the reality around us is bleak, we at least Nepal has been receiving from various United Na- have some instruments to deal with it. The process of tions bodi.:s anc agencies. decolonization, except for Namibia, is almost corn- 412. Given the interdependent nature of the world plete. Human righ~s ~nd hu"?-an dignity hav~ become economy, energy, including new and renewable Important factors m InternatIonal affaIrs; ~clence and sources of energy, cannot be treated in isolation. It is tech~ology ~ffer great prospects for attackmg po"erty an issue closely related to international finance and an~ mequal~ty on a global ~caie; and, ab~ve all, the monetary questions and development assistance. U!11t~~ NatIon~ offers ~ umque mechamsm ,to deal Development of a sustainable supply of energy wIth mrea,ts to mtt:rnatIonal pe~c~ and secunty. T~e without excessively depleting natural resources is a freque~t sIde-t~ackIn~ of the decIsIons of the Se,cu~Ity great challenge to the international community. It CouncIl and Its faIlure t<;> develop ~n effec~Ive was in this spirit that my country welcomed the common approach t~ potentIal threats to mternatlon- Nairobi Programme of Action for the Development al pe~ce and st:cunty have eroded. respect .for t~e and Utilization of New and Renewable Sources of Secunty CouncIl and for the Umted NatIons In Energy, adopted in 1981,11 and the subsequent general. If things are allowed to go on in this way, we developments leading to identification of priority face the danger of accepting difficulties without areas for immediate study and possible implementa- trying to solve them, with possible catastrophic tion. results. 413. Nepal has based its strategy for natio,nal 419. This places enormous responsibilities on each development on an accelerated but prudent explOlta- of the States Members of the United Nations. A tion of water resources. However, the magnitude of rededication to the commitlTf'nts undertaken under the task in terms of resources and technology require- the Charter must mean a cl~ar realization of the me~ts is i!TI!l1e~se, We,appreciate t~e interest ~nd demand for cohesion and co-operation in facing actIve, pat:tIClpatIo~ of frIendly couJ}tnes and multIla- threats-·political, security and economic. Interna- teral InstItutIons m thIS undertakmg. tional peace and security and international co-opera- 414. Because we are aware of the fact that science tion for global development are issues which override and technology alone can give us a breakthrough in ideological interests. Given the sincere co-operation socio-economic development, the activities at the of all, the mechanisms provided in the Charter for United Nations in this field are ofgreat interest to us, the maintenance of international peace and security, In the last few years we have made some institutional for social justice and for economIC development are arrangements to mobilize local talent for national as valid today as they were at the time of their development. My delegation notes with satisfaction formulation. the work done by the Intergovernmental Committee ,. " ., on Science and Technology for Development:n 420. Nepal has ab~dmg faI~h m the prIncIples and implementing the Vienna Programme of Action on purp<?ses of the Umted NatIons. We stand ready. to Science and Technology for Development, adopted c0!1t~Ibute I~ what,ever way we ~an to strengthemng in 1979.12 We look forward to an early settlement of thIS mternatIonal mstrum~nt of p~ace and ~evelop- the issue concerning resources for the establishment ment. ,J:h~ present state of InternatIonal relat~ons and of a financing system for science and technology. the cns!s I~ the \\:,orl~ ~~o~~my have only remforced , , our belIef m the mdlvlslbIlIty of peace and develop- 4~ 5. The con~mued deadl<;>ck m the North-South ment. This perception has led us to support the dIalogue has remforced the, Importance and ~rgency establishment of zones of peace in the Indian Ocean~ of South-~outh, co-operatl0!1. My delegatIOn ex- South-East Asia and any other region or country. We presses satlsfa~uon at the achleVemen!s of the follow- likewise support the recent initiatives of ASEAN to up of ~he Caracas Programme of ActIOn, adopted by make South-East Asia a nllclear-weapon-free zone. It t~e HIgh Level Conference on, Economic Co-oper~- has been our considered view that each initiative of tlon amonglPevelopmg Countnes, held at Caracas m this nature, be it the creation of a zone of peace or of May 1981. a nuclear-weapon-free zone, will help to reduce 416. Nepal firmly believes that the strengthening of tension and institutionalize peace, with a positive South-South co-operation is an essential ingredient of and salutary effect on peace, stability and develop- international co-operation and development. As a ment. Cicour~e of war. What is needed is our will to use this Hla,chmery and effort to make it more effective. Nepal is ready to support any initiative in that direction, 3E/CN.4/1984/72. 4Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, signed at Helsinki on I August 1975. sOfjicial Records of the General Assembly, Thirtieth Session. First Committee. 2052nd meeting and ibid., First Committee, Sessional Fascicle, corrigendum. 6A1AC.105/337, annex IV, sect. C, document AlAC.IOS/ C.2/L.147. 70fjicial Records of the Security Council. Thirty-eighth Year. Supplement for April, May and June 1983, document S/15830. 8See Report of the International Conference on the Question of Palestine (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.83.I.21), chap. I, sect. A, para. 5. 9See Report ofthe International Conference on Population. 1984 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.84.XIII.8), chap. I. IOSee Report of the United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.82.1.8), part one, sect. A. lISee Report of the United Nations Conference on New and Renewable Sources ofEnergy (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.81.1.24), chap. I, sect. A. 12See Report of the United Nations Conference on Sciencp and Technology for Development (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.79.1.21 and corrigenda), chap. VII. 13See Al36/333 and corr. 1.