A/40/PV.43 General Assembly

The Amembly will now hear a statemmt by the Prim Hinister of Ireland, Eis Excellency Mr. Garret Fitzgerald. Mr. Garret Fitrgarald, .._-____.___. A. ..- . . . - . . . . Prim Minister of.Ireland, wa? escorted to ,the _ . . . rostrum. wr. FI”PZGmILB (Ireland) I Hr. President, it Ps a qreat plemure for Ate to addrears thfe htatorie fortieth aeocicm of the GenAtal Assmbly under your presidency. I wish ala0 to take thir8 opportunity to coamtmd the §mretAry-General, m. Perez do O~ellerr, for his &mstruct.ive endeavauts to anhanm the role of the United N5tPons and him &ire1 a dediation fx thA oeo~eh for AffAetfvA aR$1 gsAeeful a?hArAetePirt tht Nonth-south did = there are mcmeely tht haflarekA of tht wccer8ful funetftmimg of A naa varld ottles. Of couttse, peoc!e of a ktnd has r@iQnd in our wotl& owes the lamt 40 yt~cs, ~.fw3 dtspitt thy many regtonal conflictr, gl&~l YAK haA born Awoidtd. But thir hAA bttn A WAC% lsrgtly baetd on ftar, ftAr Of the cXmAtqUtnCt8 of A omftict that right unleeeh the force6 that destroy& Hiroshiau And NAgASAki. It has not been A global peace based on collectivt security achieved through the United Nations. (Hr. Fitzgerald, Ireland) -- -- The failures and disappointments of theme four decades arc! not, of courseI the particular responsibility of the United Netiona. But they are a sobering reminder that the eetablishsent of this Organizatian has not in iteelf produced a panacsa for g%eolving the tensiona and the conflicts that ~;,vi& mnkind. The fact that pregretm has thus fallen short of aspiration &ould , naverthele~o, not blind US to the real schievammtsP of the United Piations during them 40 years. In areaa ouch au &i8coloniration, disarllia tian of a new appmaeh to &eve P-aLief of hu f and dit3%&v.w, end 8tilb fUPtR@P QmgKW hog iton. To take but ona % PI%, tJw progear of the3 Limited Natfonr ChlLldf6R’@ 1 for i nirbstisn of a11 c?RiPdrm QKO ma el.aoiastion of % oericse of ~~~~~e of tbo ml fm Pwt gose emd the role the plor OF the world ct it to Ql6yo in stowing us rafely tkrcwgh uw next 10 yeaLou, we, the is8 re of tha UnifmY Rat&me, mat k tmee wflfbg tham w have been hitherto to provide it with the capacity to realire the pur OI to which the Orgenioation ir comdttad by the Charterr the mintenmce of international peace an43 eecurfty, the fostering of eccmomic AM social pfogreso, the promtion of Kwpect for human rights and fm%mental freedoms, the development of friendly relations amng nations. NJ. Fitzgerald, Ireland) How do we stand today in each of them four areas, all of them vital to international well-being? What ukxe needs to be done? The preservation of peace and mcurity among nettons Is more than Etereiy tie first item on a list of objectivea. To the authors of the Charter, frwxh froin tieit exper imce of wotld-=wt& war and of gemocid6 om an unprecedented Scale, it was the pre-comdition for the ndrievorartnt of all other t~aerls that t-h6 world comunfty hao met itsalf= ins just ~3~~43 0 prwa3fidftfon. It has now ta0 cd3 etsoy met omly hie owm kimd but the phzmt on WQlich we %PV%. This f%BLI: 1 us $n &;hfs OtgmP%saei in the caumeri%s w% r to tron f&l OR% aP tim mtal instin!cte of thie w%ll, w@ 619 (Mr. Fitzgerald, Ireland) Many regional conflicts are nuetained either in defiance of the @Olemn decisions of the IJnited xations or, worse still, involve a &liberate effort by States to frusrrate th@ peace-wkfng efforts of this Otganftation. 0~ area of peam-iuekiw where the united rations kaa a record of practicai achfsveasent of which it can be rightly proud ls at of p%ac%-ke#pin;t. This unique concapt izonstitutes perhaps the msxg reQsKk8blo ~rwi~aefo~ of th Unft8tf Watbae It exe33glPffes best the new order ii-3 fnterfm~ional affaira. find POP c9uneraes i$ko @iy m, the oneed forces of which YLKff PqUirQd by lml to Limit to United Bbt4oes r&ally aLtered btate@ to awsrtb ~~~Qlwem OP ehe ptevidu6 ta tack1 in e6g~~~t the matteto ia Ireland have Been privilggod M cwnfuibute W adaDst every sa*sr peace-keeping and observer sirohm eotabliskd in out 3~ years of wmbership, bqWmirbg with the titot Biopatdr of CDWPVCZ~ ad tre to the tiMle Uaot and the Congo over a quaoter of a cantury ago. xnfof by thio QUQMiWlC~a we aacutely ~onmious of the necessity foe Meabora of the Organizatfon to lend to each such niarrion their full poiitical and financial support. Kothfng leaa is worthy of those, who from mny nations, have over the year6 aervcd with dedication and courage under the Unf ted Nations banner in the cause of world peace. . In this conrmctton, 1 must add that, giver. rpy countey’s significant involvesrant in the Unit%d Nations Xntetia Force in Lebanon (UPJXFIL), with which we decided lwt Thursiay to r%nw fon a further pe;ricxl, we are naturally COnCeKnd at th% dffffcultf%s t2mt hav% b%%n placed fn its path. we hope that in south L@banon CWIIIL w:Pl, without furth%r delay , rec%iv% the cxreperation fro0 all psrtise that iar e~lle4 toa in tica relevant !?kxurity Cs~u~-~~ii.l ratasolatio~w an4 will ba all to 4iacharge fta mandate La full. ir P&Bee ita PeA we hawe k-recently 6 t ie also raPfeds a 903w1 C$ew?lq!Bing worldr. re ir now wi4ely un4arotem4 th6t policie8 foe growth 0 neiofb if3 the 88v8P d blorld that bail to tako acwunt of the impact of ruch policies m3 leraerdeoeb d l cmiee am duficient as 8 basis for action and are, Sn the end, relf-4efeeting. There hu indesd in recent timer be%n an awareness alao of the dangerous an4 unstable ispMCt Of the debt relationship that has rmarged between developing and developed countries. (Mr. Pftrgerald, Ireland) !&us p~O9rQs8 has been made in etoatfng a more equItabla fcarewol:k for OW economic relatfonahip, but there is a great need nw to invigorate and intensity the dialogue Ln this area - a dialogue which 10 yeam ago was, 1 believe, bufrsg purWi34 with iaxh greater szxmcern and oozmftment than it ia today. For a great part of the ghtM, ti for a sixeable majority of the Members of tii8 bdy, progross in ecl4lstfon +O the further reform of the intagnatisnal @Kmetary wstem, the ronsrwol of barri%rs to tr , a% prwfsian of uat% biletesal a.nd aul~ileteral aid and kk3 debt gW&%tkTi at0 the fneoKn.atlsn~ fwu9r. Ew= I wty 4Md tyrifmy SC% ee e lock OcxrarS ko lb twmty'fisi3t 08stu~ with fly if wo hswe met Ly OXWB biBIf of ow in ths rset of nedr OfI thess Of eho woxld. CkJr co On Poe the neliof ot lw snd richnear Ir an art Of 8 lWW WiVOZ8.d &MmetbV@. It is a tufbetie4l of +?a dewkloping cmscioumear of OUK 1: hrernity. This new conaccioumesa hail sanife8ted Lt4elf alin a heightened eoallzatim of the necersity to limit the povet of the State and to unsuee everywhere reqmct for human rights. We have cope to realize that these tights tranf3cend national bOUndarieS and that national sovereignty my no longer be l@qftimately i! .-Gted anywhere in defence of State inhumanity. If the odfouo apartbit rysitm in Scm~ii iiC~i~.a ;li LX+ 2 81X33@ degree a iittLa les8 auaurcsd , a little lesar confLUent, the international SpcPtLight, which we through this forWe, have been able to focus on thhe ritusti~ in thaat country, krar played seaa part. We wet continue wr effwto on thfs Bromt, with t&3 clese aim of sixwing the cusplete elfmfnatim of a~~rthefd in all its a ceo. Amd we sanrmt e fli8 be willlmg to fac2e frankly Ii3 rights am Y 8bu fm stier w6ys 69 the eomvent~oa mtatiom - or i av6m me ehdo y ba for stat66 t&fat 6t6 oolamd LeQe tie8 to et ta im in lweaah of itm prwirPem5. In of OUP aounteh our citizens have direct awes5 to thi5 tribunal. in the year5 ahead, X believe, the cause of hu n eight5 wocdiB be beat ser-d by a cmncentratlon of our effort5 in thi5 direction, rather than by the elaboration of Eux’ther ilsttr of rights and entitlemnts, whm cumuht iv8 non-irpl.ewntati~ risks bringing thQ3 woxk of the Unfted t&ttons in the a~*& of hmmi r@&s intO i)J .yW^".La. "-v-b&."--. (Hr. Pitxgcralcl, Ireland) The part played by the united Hation in giving effect to the Cherter P:inciple of 6elfdeterminstion , and thereby helping mmy young nstione to take their rightful pluce in the international clIcsunity, ia indeed Ona of fte 00et efgnif icrnt achievesmntrr. Th% division6 and disegr nts with which w5 are scmetiarrra faced in thia Asmsbly aze in reality e raflection of this UnfVerSolitY- The value of the united matiem lies, gtecim~y~ in providing a plrtforsr where the conflkts 0P interecC thet exist i95tw5en th5 organised political aowuniti58 of the C8R find 5sp~eseion, snBl 86wtiws re8dugfon, fn an f~geefMdrial forusm. Pa prt6 sf th@ WOPPb W5 h6W% bWn WI5 foPtURet5 in %@V%l6&?i fri5ndly Bewe5R stateio. my auwtry joiwa th5 mtf ~NdRtB it it438 ieg wbioh is mrut%o 5nlemgQB +mo end a belf ye8re the aonntitutionrl netiunalirt pcrtior in the irlcnd of ItelrmS, North rtu3 south, join4 togettrer in a P&SW xteland POPUQ, within which thy Undertook coneultationm on the manner in which Irating peace end stability W. Fittgerald, Ireland) coup be achieved in a new Ireland through the democratic process. Central to tha endeavours of the Forum was the conviction thet it is poocrible to tackle problems, however coqlex or fntrectable they rray be, by pmceful Wms. The New Irelsti S+orum c08uhd4 that ptagresa tuwm¶ks l ndfrnj tb current violence in #orthem Ireland, as wll a8 twarda iqxsviAg relations betueen Trc2lard and Brftein, rwceeswiiy r*ir& new stru&uree that w&j QC ate twc sets of legftteato rights, naeionslliet and unioniser the right of nationaliets to uftktfve putitios1, lit and ini@etoti*s ~teeeion of their ideneityt en$ tb tight of unkmiste ec offfkceiva plitiwl, lit imd admifbessti918, sxQKe6oQm of! thafo 18 P, am3 io w8y et life. mis eb.6 mAei6b OeB bF18 ThO8@ b-Irish Govetnemes will hrve to deeid im eh8 I iote future ~et~g there emiot8 6 oufficient besir for am egreePont tb& v0uS.d eecure peal propreoe tower& p&ice tmd stability, the trro objective6 which th@ NW Ireland Fork88 mt itwlf. (Mr. Fitzgerald, Ireland) Neither Coaerment belfevas that it would at this stage be possible to resolve all tiwr fundmental political problem relatfng to Northern Irelard. There ia, neverthal.eae, ii poseibtlity that the tuci Goverrutwnte my be able to identify eo number of swmsures that w3uM togethgr reverse the alicnatfon of the nationalist comiuntty in ?k+rthern Ireland, thus crertiw wmdftions in which both ccmmunitiae could be ressour%d about their future. In this aray* we COUM opn the pros&met of 4 gmuine reeiwwilfotim betideen thee43 nities, between Wxth and ftcwth in the to mko %acB rnd rtd lity through tehled~ t&i@ 0 h LQ the pm4lemof I the interest5 of Bfffrrene coimninitieo living within the 8810 geqtr*icol 6-e - we w4~ti thereb peinfome by ezxempl+ the prirdpler upon which this greet tn~titutbon ia foundad. We -ight also perhaps provide a model , argecte of which might be ~OUIXI to be CeleVant in other parts of tha woild where history bee left a heritege of mixed peoples, races or religions. It is in that spirit that I conclw%c y rctmarke by expcesaing the bpe that, despite the perils and danger@ Which threaten on all sides, this Organfzation can ruevive and &XOSp4C, and that humanity ftwlf can he Led to a once stable, wr% equitable, wee juet order. We Cmft oureelvee to work to t&t end in thie organisation, as we are working within the isle& of Ireland. There is no other VW* of lee Mo8tory. Let w not make the unfted Xattons ths thmee Keflwt oat xe i6 not the unit not1omo eh8e up to US8 it lo we vho have not ;..vd up to the Ocbmlr of tha unit oursalves am3 oue pdicietr that we cm iapracre the unit NOQlQn%J. The United Nrtione is contempoeary with the atomic bc#b. par 40 year@ it &a ken our cmf~ fate to live under the nuclear thceet, under the ri8k of the total destruction of civilized lifp on earth. (RK. Palme, Sweden) nany countries ace tudmfcaily able to procluce nuclear weapona. When they have decided to Cargo this option, it has b%en in the knowledge that they would not increaSe their own security but decrease the secucfty of all. many of ue hew? fomelly ccmmftted ourselves by scxedirq to the mm-Proliferation Treaty which was brought about by the joint efforts of the two leading nuclcer Pomrrii. We ace fKIw @ntitl@ t.0 d-t@ tbt the nuclei P-m fulfil ifi the RI)BS future ebir part. of the deal, that ia, twamitas sf real dims nt md, 88 a first UueR# 42 roh%nefv6l t%ot-ban trrraty. We elm hwe ee make it tfeotly oPtz?sr to t nuol%aE tbwu? wee%, at th% tis%, no int%rnatt 1 r&he pK?hibitf t&am trfi3a acequiri tel saikaility of ps of nuok~o internetfmel hw# as pmrt of s pZX6mm h&ifnrg to g86&!3ra~ and 1st~ dfcarawbent. Tha unit6d watfono offers m machinery Barr coretion n th% Pacge end the aany llsr Stmter in the vmnld. It oftere every natim 8n opportunity to prticipote in the raDrk foe peaa and 0 better futUa. The veto h88 f8t too often prwented the Security comcil from taking action. The cure doer not lie in an abrogation of this rule, but in the creation of an (Mr. hlme, Sweden) international climeta in which the leeding Powers xecagnite the neoeeeity, also in their OWll interest&, of reducing tensims between thePeelv@e end of taking colk7ctiv6 action egafnst disturbances of the pace. Much can Bbt 80m within th@ Charter to etrs-tbn the ability of t& Unftd mtfone to wf~tsin peace end prevent conflict, The ~radependent CwPPDleeion cn Dfiaarl8lmnt erd flewrity Ersues liepi put forward prog~~wlo. The Seszxetary-Gemxat haa in his annwl c wvwel czemrete ways to atrefqthen t mit%d aatimm, a he ShouIB h&w% out full m Et tn hd% aaiiasble rowe msB OrgotBi88ti~‘~ fUnctiOIPIw* UorcUc oeurttrtem h6vt3 pre6emt anti61 Qf t ire tdfmn eoofy b3 P f Mat tel M et1 pasrtlcipaeo in the fiwwotngl of certain Wnit ratiQcF8 ectivlefee do not reffgct an ic necerrity bat a pPiticell conoideretion on t.be pat of OQee countgi0~. Idea6 hme b8en put Cowand to reduce the maxi share of the rrmeoaw0 conteibutiom that any ofm meiriber 5tete ia required to pey. A more even distribution of the amsessed contributions would better reflect the feet that this orgsnimation ie the instrument of all nation8 aad make it lee@ dcpendcnt cm contributions Era my single ~kmber State. In hat case the rest of us u0uY.d hwe to shoulder a -hat greater financial reqxmeribility. Sweden, fat its pert, 119 ready to perticipste in dfscueeions to explore these fdess. Pellce is, of course, the fundarwmtal. aim of the United Netions. We hm6 CQIBa to rCC%nim that peace is certefnly mote than tbc obsgfm of militsty violence. at is else stability fn relatiaaas tween $tae%e, ia% OR thy oba~rvance of le@ prineipL%s. on% ffc rbeiea b8w3emn mbtss ir sbs0hately ~4W68tUBry is the fight agbfwet t%Ersri Sn all %er fOPBtt3, dVifibl??S. fut ireeans%% Arcade 91 Qf e 9: in eubjgctad to bc rttdd. unB0rturatoQf this pmwirton Bers m@W Of n fa of ailitarfy mtLOA. ehou the poobibition of t 04 force, which is bash to the wnit will bet a farcap muI the law of the jungle will1 beccme legitisired. You Bdly rympathime with the mttver behind m of there ectiono, They mey ~PVO ~tioml security intereeto, 86 percefvcd by the different States. They may be ceu6ed by w. -- Pslre, Sweden) provocation from others and they ray be very popular among the citixene and vOtete of the respective countriee. But the fact feQaina thst these 8cte hresk the rule8 of international law and infringe In &me way OK another upon the sovereignty ati t%KKitOKi& tnt%tJKfty Of Oth5K fit5t5S. In such 6iftuotfCma, WQ kNf& K%,act on8 &TzKOteSt, in the interest of vucl.c3 pewe and internetfonel law, but In the kmg run aIsin oaf own fntererts. Thte isr net a question of 1pt4rkin.g ainrt dmwme’e fntereste, of fswuritq one p: ovef anther. ly 43 cJu%oliow of u*utmg ce3teoia rules %m9 hw@ PB LOP the bgRert1t of an. (Mr. Pelas, Sweden) Many spaskers at this session of the General Assembly have voiced their concern over th% ~0~1% debt crieie. I share thie concurn. We 88ense a growing rebellion among the Clebtor oountries against what they ~ercefve to be a lock of fatrne88 in the intermttonal econaaic Sgcucture. Dmnde for internal 8%$mtmnt efforts are t8rtin-g the rtiaite of political tulerrrrce. We csf~IIOt alAow, heavy debt burdens to keel: at the fabric of socfety. RelQk1um6 butw%%n th% d%V%l a kbe B%V%l nkgfe6 %u)uQt 01Vey8 b% bS8 cnk realftisrs sf fc en8 litPoet Pnterc% ftiM¶C%. 8olUkial of kh% &h-k CK-iSi8 Will b% 8 t%6t C8 Of the ~~S~b~~~t~~S f5t meable E8tf5lI n worth snbs &3wkh. tBEU9Ol vidati w SP On % fr B f5e dnre8 ale 8 w oonkimsrkr. 4kb8 retQam0 ate lsany, tosea hbmg%K# wae. natural dis86bee6, UkiO% The CultuEaH claoheo thak Qre im8vitSQOB in this Qe%?%re hcv* l& dn many coolntriac ko 0 rerwrw81 of cRowhi end g6cfma. 1e fo tiw w ma fBOZ% 6ttWbtiV% ko this Q8Ckicul&P danger, We bee h@lQad in khim took by the Pf8fIqJ eager, enkhuaiaaa and rediness ko act desponStrate% by w people of the younger generations. It doer honour to them, in thfr Intrrnstlonrl Youth Year, (Mr. Palme, Sweden) that they have adopted the watchword *Don’t touch my pal*. There am many adults, in and out of Govecnwnt, who would do well to listen and take? notice. FOr ts3ny p%Opla eKMind the WOKld the mited P&ticii”rO %taiid for 805Wthing Very concrete, a sign$fheant elefkwit in their persfmal everyday life. A child in Africa harna to read in a sehuul firraneed by tb% United Bhtfm~ EducationsP, lkcfentifk! and Culture1 QrgWliretion ( cI1). A farmer fn Asfa recafvas a ti?-ack of ama Lsikx$M *F&c!” 1. Poocrs tmd Agr:eulk.lara i3rganiirotion of the Unite6 watioor - or -WFP - WOSld mod Brogra . The UnfteB Ieeisfis 5esel RC P)),Withiea,W e wok-y Olevolo$ing oountty Iri the WCWUJ. 0s in all mfkCfn3nte are ptote&x9& by the mrime 68u at e fse the workinngr of MO united w8tioRs oeQ8RIe m4at tioy inotisrctivory foe1 that the Unftod Watf5fu is ermenticl, tn waoieua to their well-being, pee rurvtvel. It cm Bo h d that thy will fom, over time, UI mzh medo United Wetions conrtituonqn th8t they will fmke their voicer ham9s claiming e 8ayI demanding that power politice, high over their heads, do not jeopeedize their 1 ives. (l4r. Pahe, Sveden) ie elreedy a large United tOstions constituency. It is all those But there people who be1 ieve in the United Nations 8s an idea. There ace tendencies, in time& of cynical power politics, to underestimate this idea. auk fe carriea a strong mot01 force. All people who believe fn intet~atfonal co-qesattosl, in the peaceful rpolutloR of cmflicts, in solidatfty with othet&3, Slake up thfe fore0. T’here SK’c1 groups and omgonfsetion~ in wny sountriess whfch &iAtvely vsrk fst nscx@nftion of t rettvet of peea?. A ff le is the xnternotfowl y82CfMs Bar FT%v%tntisw of Imle,rr Yea, WhdeR i-ta0 won the u 1 Few% FPim3. ir toea rP1 met the w3k-l&, my thz4t them3 it.4 i%c9 cure BeQP t effasts Qf mx!le@c ret# t Ba p~%va?ittm. lie at Roree) a It L8 e pslrert bmtwr to epmk on bsMlf of the Oo*oriwent end pop10 ot the Republic of Korea at this Atau8 seartan oi! the QeabWsl A@ ly, which rater the fortieth anniveocary of the tcundi~ of the unita eutione. I aa not here to talk abmt past misfortunes of the Korean people Or to QPfXtfon blase for ther. InetfmJ, I appear before thf5 km&y, in the epirtt of hope ad in the name of peacar, to elucidate hcu the Government and pewle of tf~e bpublic of Korea can make their contribution to a brighter future fm s~uc~eUinq g%ner&ttcmg asd mmited ?htiofs for a better vorldP. St is v&h profound emotion that the lu of the Bepubltc of Korea meerk the fortieth mnfv&aary of the ZhritmJ ~tions, vfth wM& tiy &am3 long mi~toined a efQI1 rul.etion*gg. XL vam the mitud fb 4 w UC of of? QP choa to @vetnt a m6DctlEPty eeoR 1 ec foxuea Irs the ai3 of effective eltttnativeo cm mly jeuperdise e bae ftx wee 30 yetis prevented 0 renewal of a huetilities in the Korean pminsula. (Hr. LAO, Republic of KOreaI -- Finally, it is the Gacretaty-General of the United Sations who has er%Wuraged dialogue between and promoted the reCX%ICiliation of South and )iorth Kor8a. We V~~CXXW the% efforts &id thank tne Secretary-Cgneral fo: thhl- For 5,000 years the ~8neouI, psrac8-lovimg Korean ~18 spoke a okql8 languaga, shac8d a eingle culture and tschc pri&a in a single ethnic fraily. It is C-UK d+%?a%y t0 live 6n C~%U lWkt3 &I QIW le. Xnstead, am the result of the PO~CWI :erritorial bi&mtian an8 the fratrieichl vat, ae live at thie mnh8nt in Q hiotogieaily M rcmeatiori em CeISOf tb8 lPoet heavily 9rmiI boraerm in ?JtSb3. f firmly beAiev8 that the OQ 8 Keehwm bo ai 8 rw4tit 00 Bialoglue titwern South e yew Poe the ffit&%t ti eimos it8 mmpeMiea in 19'93; e talko OR hu ft8r iram probl em euo KcrfalY under way b8tween delegates of our re8 d Cromo socieeko~ that other officials are discussing possible future co-operation in the economic ancl 5Port fieldsg and, especially, that between 20 and 23 September the first exchange5 5inca the clivieion of the Koreart peninsula brought mbers of aeppratsd families and , (PYC. iho, it8pUbiiC Of iiOK8a) Thirdly, in permit of p9mx end prospurity we intend to crrG?eratt wfth 811 nations of tha world regrrdlers of differences in ideology OK politicel System. we ate prepared to normalits rtlatione am3 to expand mutual. co-operation with any entry in the raotld on the brais of rw$pr6e:$ty, for that k$& of aotual reLat$ortship BQXXHJ n&funs txumd OR internstisnal reality tr fndisgensable to iaid peace. In tbet spirit, the Wepublic 0C Rorea , a6 host te the 1988 Olyspice, we 8 the athl&xm of ell cmmtritr f3f tbu uosl% te Ial cm¶ guersnttae thair free and eusfe particfp6ticn. PQurthPy, ths lfo af mea will k OM11 ml9 ectiwt rsbOp &t@E te mtw% t iBpSd4BliS end%6 of the wnit w6tiQtm rmv hoe th South Rome ati worth ~oeeo 88 g stoeeo. In tote1, 67 cwntrita maintain diplmtfc relrtiom with bath Iorear. The adriosion of both Scuth anB worth ~oree to tbt unit& wationr, a@ an $nter$a mtaaure p&$ng reunification, can only increase the apportunitle6 for dialogue md cboperat$Qn and cncourago the ertablistment of peace on the Aoresn peninsula srtd its twentual reunff ication. (Hr. Lho, Republic of Korea) Fifthly, we welcom the active support of all countries of the world for the %ffOrte of the Korean people to teach a lpeamfu! solution to the Korean gueetion. In particular, those major Powers with apeciel interests in the Korean peninsula are Called upon to play constructive roles to that end. Specifically, by supporting direct inter-Korean dialogue art% by siaultaneouuly nomalioing relations With both South an8 North Xorea, the Unit%% Btates, Japan, China and the &Pviet Wnffm cuuld facilitate th pmceee of peace end security cn thho torean penineula an8 help $0 bri abewe itI3 ao%ful r%wliffeiaticm. Bixtbly bf?i% finally, I vi& tc3 reeffim that the I&i blic of Rer%a %%SiK%6 to eation wieb the 0 %%v fro tr 5t four % 6. ebn my ebalt this oeg 6uh6~~t~ally to inteeRbtbRr1 Yet even now wbes oontinus in s4xie pbrtr of the gloBe force ir opmly employed b3 intervene in the iRternb1 affair6 of others or to occupy their territories. In southern Africa brutal criminal acta are being committed against h. .I dignity, and vestiges of pert colonialism continue to aggravate the situation. Such situation8 naturally give rise to concern about the erosion of the spirit of the United N:.tfons Chatter Whatever limits to the capabilities and role of the United Watim my exist, they do 80, I believe, not because of any basic defect8 in the system of the United rOstims itself but rather afd a result of narrow-mi&dnese and rrtlfishne~e in individual oountr Lea. Wo mntter how eublims the objectives and spirit of the Charter, lt i5 nothing store than antiquated QaQ%t if the individual countries lack th% will to 04E%tv% efbd La!@1 nt itsp provf5fons. As wa muva towarde the twei4ty-f frst century , all of us should bo prep+md to &ak% 8 ntw start toiuaJde real ~CNNX!Z &md pro city, tcmards rmfPlation acd ration a nations and towaeds the full reslilk?ltfeFpp of QPft?cipl5 of ~%lf=&3bBCl&WLi~% ot i&l fsrtrau~te, thexefehe, tihet on the ahf$ t&e tslo ef ebes tisn)r 081 kBehclf of thu Prrsbbent ot the Swiolist Rmpublfc of Wicoloe Ceausescu, X have the pwticular honour to comvey to YOU, Blr, Pteeidentr aid to all the participants in the coasamorative session of the fortieth aruniversary of the establishment of the United wationr, his cordial gPettings and alSO to convey through then to the peoples and countries that they rtprestntr best wishes for the fulfilment of their aspirations to prorptrity and peace. (Hr. btaR@O~u, Rcinmia) Rcmmfa and Prasidmt Nicoke CQa8eecu Qttach grcast illportQnCQ to this anniversary, holding that it most constitotQ an opportunity for all statas MmbQre to intensify thsir efforts 80 that thQ Unit& Nations can play a OOrQ &ZtfVQ rolQ in defeocrrtic &eltberatfoRa OR tb grave issues CxmPronting the conteqorery uorLd an8 in their Qolotion, in thQ ptoaottsn of ddtQntQ alid in thQ sst+¶blfShZ+QRt Of Q clfvibte of place md a-qmrQtion on our pbmet. fc 8 llkoatftm, seosel of mewly i I&Vhg fro& th tDs6 oolonir8 yoke, those stiates see pleyi fncreo@ingly octlva role in the lnteenetf 1 Qrefw. That eealftiy fo 81~0 afrroe6d by the fact that there me today 199 States within the great family of the United Nation6 QQ smiparQd with 51 L3tatQQ Wh@n the Organization WI8 creabd. ok. uan%,rrcu, Ra%ania) one of the gtestcst achtavatssnts of ths peoples, tmuwer, is that during this pt?ricd thay havs suceeaded in preventing the cmtbeaak of a new world war and fiecutftq pracv on out planet. The United Nations has played J poaitiw cola in the settlement of sOsw8 cardinal problgms of tfle -t-racy world. Tt ha8 considered the nmjor asps&s of fnternatfona1 life an8 the crtsb situations that have aris@n and has provided the condttfom for all u t Statea to speak their minds and to seek jointly the most oppucprfate aolutima, in ~~forafey with their fmda ftn~etmootfa orsd in We4ntereat of ilnternealeiaef ace aad h?OQ view that ehe ipsxisglm entie of the esert rere of well k nh’e uctiom im a3 onir it ad pace1 ot ftr fooeign policy of bn ration with all Stat56 of t world Irre6p8ctive of their s4xAal ay*tocis a policy of 8upport for ation struggler, a policy of ifbdepsndence, disarastment, d&ante and peace. Mr. M8ne8cu, Rollante) g&mania his always based aM continues to base its relations with all States 011 the principles Of full wslity of right8, reepCa2t for natic2rml indspc&etEe and sovereignty, no+intereference in the internal affairs of other Stotea 68213 th+ renunciation of force em3 the thfsst of force, md to affirm theme principles justice, 8thice ana equity. ‘it is cur firm ccmviction that ady such a policy of fm a 81 a t # race0 Pioet m t the mwleto~ mms eweI gchieoimg Bi nt, c%oePmg a11 wtimm 888iqned to ailitetire oprter apace m-d securing a lasting peace in the world. (Mr. k4aneacu, Raaania) At pceaent nothing is more important than to act before it is tao late to halt the dangerous course of events, to defend mankind fraa destruction arvf to guarantee the eugreme right of moplea and irtdividu%ls ta existence, freedom, indopendenc% and pwce. R%wrdl-8 of dffferent sccfal system or political end phiPompbtca1 conceptions end frreqmctfwe of the existence of certain d9ff6mmcss isetweBR st0t0s, iFI t Lima1 an0lysis ft is th0 frltereet5 0% psce 0ltd CQr0tiorl that SRQUPB pK0u~iP. hi t n0ms of tb3t RQ$bB i&msp of h a&y, it i duty ef StbWBS, a% united oBot%m5 to czo&Pm th%iP 5IPorrt5 ia ord%K to ac?hi5w see both OR earth am3 fa ~~terp q@he President of Rorani8, by the 8tsnd6 he hes taken, and his asfsesfmmts, hea oonSfetently pointed out to the intetn8tional community the need for the United Rations to play an increasingly active role in international life and to make a greater contribution to the policy of promoting dBtente, reducing amaments and military expenditures, snd achieving bl climate Of peace snd co-op%ration throughout the world. -we ctwtuider- - PS%sfdent Wicolre Ceruwwu her raid - *tlwt an i rtsnt red% devo~w8 ueticzml omr3 other inteEnetfonrL ifas which ta%upB cPsnts fbaoto E mese %afvefy to enruri sticip&3tion, UPI 8ii3, of au lea fit fPrtermeefw1 IACe?@ 0 etu racy tuesU im efm Wxiem4 uf ddeeate, i&ta w wmi I1 eia L to ld Pm to rcmulit ill a ifie nrr im the aree of nucleer dirarmmmmt apdl in the ri0n-8ifiterfzstion et outer I 8. At the amu time we b0l.d that the countries of the tutctpecr~ continent md ~11 State@ of the wr)rld should not passively await the oUtco#c of the So\riet/Onited States Rogotiations in Genevr and the meeting between the leaders of the two countcie8. Rather they should assum a greater direct (UK. Mane5cu, Romania) b%twem eh@ itt a! e WI9 st Rge~~d~rn~ of the onirod be8 W exp@st theme meatingo Mr. Uane8cu, Rorsnio) responsibility, and oomtrfbute actively to bringing about the halting of the n=lear-mrace, which should be followed by real mea8ure6 of nuclear disarmmat, cessation of the %eploynmnt of intermediate-range missiles in Europe? mid the wfthrirawel of ttrose alruady in glwer thw halting of nuc~aar-uraapon tests, and the renuncibtfon of any undertdtfng lea%img to ttte mt2lt8riaetiom of outer WrtcQ l we -lemma the inittrtfve8 OQ t&s fet Writon an% the mata0uree pot forwkrd by &mePol Besetar~, blWbi3il hev, eegardhg nt of 8 -gbtQCal pO~atoriu?8 81ir the dep ne of nuBleer we aniD the c?eedietPoa sf 811 wtfen hy 50 per cent of nwleor t wnie wati to alill Stctsr h901v dividing n59otiaeiolnr. me a al al00 call@ on 89 r seetea ot the mite13 undurtcke B solemn mmsitmnt to colsgly with the obligation not to resort to the threat or uw of force rn% not to interfera, In any way whatsoever, im the internal (WK. Maneecu, Romania) afEairr of otksc Statse. The ejoption of such an appeal and euch a %Amn undertaking at the present tim, uh@n uh are cmmseaorating the fortieth anniverssry of the estrbifshient of the united Ratfone, woub3 demonstrate, zfs Ptff6iam ~icolde mtuasscu of izrmaaia be stressed, the polftlc61 will of 811 %tater to rsspwa: the mite% mtfms Chact40. xt weda oonatftuw s psrtfauls~U? sLgnfficant oomtobbutiom to the p&icy sf dCt6ntear the ifaprovemmt of fnt6rnetiomel sfdetim5, tht stremgchening sL truet wtions, em9 aiescmnt em3 pmm. In t et?cwit8xt of OWb s 1 rituetiom, u6 a% menif%e@%tl of ra fc ariois wid%afmg rbh t fa In oar to Wla 8 world co peei20 ma interastimel 6a-apm)tl4m, rtfsul‘er ettention must ba paid to the younger generetion. ~ccor$fmgly, 61% highly vetepus tb prelapstion bu the Unit60 Wrtione of Xnternetionrl Youth Yeer (1905) utier the motto Vsrticipetion, mvclopment, Pescem. we express the convtction thrt the tnr. Maneecu, Rcmani*) forthcoming United Nations World Conference for the Intarnsticmal Youth YMS, which fr to take place during this 6esafon of the General &$ae&+ly, will cmmtitute an iqortant factor fn uniting young people throughout the world to defend and upbu their furk%mmt@l right to live and develq, in a climate of peee anil security. The fortieth anniversary of the eertrbU%hwnt of the United aatfons i8 BR Mr. Uanescu, Roasnia) Rumania believes tbit everythirrg possible should be dare to enhance the role and cxmtrfbutfm of the United Watione to the solution of current international probls~~, and to sttertgthen the Organuriaatfonlo abfllty to take actfun, in keeping Vitb t.ho rW?Uirsppents of peme ad the awcrfty of peoples. The United rations munt be (I decisive factor in brfngfrq &out nail relations ?n international affairs and in creating favourable condfttona for th6 buildPiq sf a better and ware just VOtld. 4 (intecpeetation froa Spani&: i The Asserbly vi11 nQIlr heat a stateunt by the Vice-Pterident of the Council of State of tie Pmple’s Republic tif Bulgaria, Hi8 Ewcelfency Hr. Witko Grigorov. Mr. nitko Gcigorw, Vlcc-President of the State Council OL the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, was escorted to the rostrum. I&. ~&riX)- (Bulgaria) (spoke in Sulgarian; English text furnished by tk! %tltgationl. xt is a spctal bomur for Is to partia9pats in this cummmrativrr 8eosion of tte Gsneral WMimbly dtvottd t.0 the fortfoth anniversary of the unite% Histio?3*. This sessicm is 840 appropriate occasion ft# revfcwing and asMeS8inp tL. Werrll activities of the United latfons during that period as well t ;to eatension fm thic ,tssnwctfm w ttAnt ntw 8oviet fro ah a & by PPfkhail GotWhanr. It ir of wital fsportonca for mnkfnd to prertrve and otetrqtben ths poaftive essults that were achieved during the period of d&tenet when peoples wst tblt to taste the fruits of peaceful wr:sttnct ati eo-optrttfon Wt. Grtparov, Bulqar ia) The United Uaelons can and mat play an important role in the just and lasting ortttemat of disputes which are a threat to intornatfoml peace and security. Enhancing the effectiveness of the world Organiaatitm in this area iopliea strict observanca by all State6 of the Charter of the United ?btione and the ewistance of a politicsl riU to find mutually acceptable solutbns to abl ccwrtentious iSW%S* Wa gtaatly appt%cieta the role and efforts of the S%cret8ry=6sneral, who is duty Faound to ContPibute, within the putview of hi8 l68na8k, to et8 ful settlement OP UiSput%6. ‘9haire fr wi%WSK ition of aI% but that, in thfa nucle8t ce e seeiwiti%e of (Hr. Gtigocov, Bulgaria) Bulgaria two been puroufng a peace-leving foreign policy -r,d has been stfivinrl to develop good relatfone vfth all countries, irteepective of their socks-political oyotemr. It ha6 been exerting efforts to tba best of ite abilities to etrerbgthen world mace and security. AS is known,. the President of thrr Ccwncil of State of thtn %QQh?‘S b2apubLic Qf Bolgacia, TQdo? Phivkov, baa pragosad mwret% steps to turn the BaZkat%s ints a wleece~free srms. I take thie *unity to express our graeittltis to all wlto euppmted the eand18atuge of the 1tVs Reqpublfo of kr%garfe ta be a cmmmnt K of tlw urity cgatncil. I wfmh ta m5ure the Qagneral Ama ly that we 8te awam a web Qbfs and t we oh811 e?mtribtite tQ so bo Bniatorio wktoKy ovssp tSm teadimms and Qet@PsinatiQn d lem to maw, ing gen6rrtions ftass the scourge of war and to live together in peece 4th orba onethePe (Hr. Grigorov, BUPgaria) %n3ay, four decrrJes after the found1.q of the United Nations, we note with satisfaction the constructive efforta and contribution of the world Organisation to the tealiaation of these noble and lofty g-18. The United Uationo has prom4 its vfabflityt it ha0 aucceasfully played the role of an int6rnettonal instrument for the maintenance and strength-wing of peace and security, fop the elimination of coloniali~, tacfsm, racial discrimination , fos the pram& ion an8 dwiwl nt of mutually advantageoub State8 in resoloing such ~1 1 problems of laankind a~ the reotcueturtrql Op internat%onal 860 de relrtio.w on LP just 43~3 81 PslfziC tflecs of ebe B corn fOP QPP SBatae erta 1uQiom of the Unit Waitions, ~r~~u~ee~~ in the fiQl4i of dimi ntp aI@ e eoundl %asPo for t%Q 0tteilxQanP: of eOus-4 objactiwer. lementotion would provide reliable gucrantacm for tmrld peace and wcurity. (Hr. Grigorov, Bulgaria) Y%ls year our people am celebrating altm the thirtieth anniv%rcaW Of the ccdmfSSfOR of the Paogle’s Republfc of Bulgaria to eao&ership in the Unitml Xations. bly country ha6 always striven aw8t actively to aemist the Organisation in reslfring the purposrpa end princfplos enehrinedl in the Charter, as velt ae to contribute to the podtfvo sulution of the urgent ptoblesnrt in varfous parts of the planet. The participation of the le’5 lie of Bulgcrrfa in the activttfee of the unftod latfons is fully in kropg$Rg with ita conoietent end oonstructtve foreign lfcy, bo CH3 tb8 lee aria ??a11 %mra amdat in Wa1irtim of t imltot cplo’r LihyaR AId3 elhmcy mr. Alf Tgefkt. I now e4Faf o@i ~~BJb It* IRI (Libyan Arab JmmahLgiya) (interpretation free Aaubic) t It f6 81 pfsaruro srpd on hmour for ea to sttond this usr?sn essrumotating the fortieth annfvrnocry of tho founding csf the Unitad Rations and to convey to you the greetingUI of the lea&r of the gloriour Pirot Septombor Revolution, Colonel Wuaamar Qsddef t. Colonel Qaddaff would have lfktd to participate in this c-cation pstmonally, aut because of oirauatatmss that he has eet forth in his m6-e to the IDsads of State and the Sa#txetary-Ckmwal, he ~8 not able to do so. S&J af6 .xm8mOrattw the fortieth 3nnivsrSa~ of the f!OUtiinp Of this htcrnatiotkal Orgsnf.sattnn. Zt aa56 into Iming after 8 bcvastatirq war of global propottloM rrhioh toOk 5 to11 of millIons of huyrmr livet8. Tm mmt KepupMnt u6 includhg the nuclear uwpon that -8 usa3-d (Mr. Trclki, Libyan Arab Jauhiriya) WQ are toMy celQ?xQting the foundation of this Orgenization in Qn intQtn8tional ataosph%te fraught with tQnoion ad with conflfcts Qnd war@ in mQny parts of thQ uorld. Despite this bleak picture of thQ intQrnQtiona1 BCQ~Q, ~WQVQ?, thQ vhola wwld icr rQpreoentgd hire by preafdents am-3 high officiala who hrvo cme to tskQ part in the celebcationm, and in spite of thQ hardship that QXfetS, t0 QXprQWd the dQsirQ(B, hoper Qnd 05pgSKatione 0e the PQOplQS of tbQ world Lsr the preaeovetion of this Orgenfaetion im% rapport for it in order that it raay . fulfil fte aPoeP6t-i 61~3 aehfeve itr tpale. lo@ tfwt c~o@Jte% third mgmts4tisn em3 fermlstQ4 t Cbrter h~vs a s an% rely oa i ate ee n ha BUD fr recood amp fottoro% by mjuet . Tl-10 fmhta Of mm, in its wi%ect cotwept, rwt k won, inclu~3ilsg his right to control ~~11th &nd um&n?nQ, aa ~~11 610 Qutt’woity. As we speak tday about pssCt , eecurity and the future and prei6e the role of the United !Hations, affirning the hw that huma-fty places in it, we cannot afford to disregard OL= conborp% the human trugedies taking place in our world, as reflected in the Latmihflstfon of rntirre peoples and the #erefstance of acts of genocide in PaLestine and wuthern Africa. The racfmt r6gfrrerP receive ull kinds of supprt frora the i%perBalist @were se~lu~~~%* WmisB entity 0 e of of pr ac% that he lDIans io tie ann%hPloticm of the Oalertinicm le and aeto of eggrermicn %rEcgame ageinot the Arab netion. The racist rigine in South ACE&Z8 , the organic ally of tha zioniot entity end supported by the mame imperfalir, pr..?tber t!w most invidious form of racial (Mr. Treiki, Libyan Arab Jmhir iya) discrtminatitm wrinst the pcopls of %x&h Africa and attempt8 to headwink the world. The w-called economic tmycott of that rdgiae im nothing but a ploy, 865 are what are called the paact efforts in the Arab regiem. The single, drastic solution iS to 6lfnfnate tbme Zionist and racist r&gim8 end all th6 peoples of the world imist close their tenks la or&r b ercadit?ate them. We 8642 an isfnsnt dsnger in the isftfoa of nucclesc weqpcm8 by t.hoee isfmimt QSB Padoe 06ghles, with th% m rt of Ia6 imp%ttr1iee cs under dtfferimt tadrt kw32C6 of the refoge we &awe to k%Br #A% mmte%so 00rcsfztfly. leittcm of me awlesc w owimt ta dac6r~fw!6P nntw wmthm cow no 1 (WK. Treiki, Libyan Arnb Jamahitiya) What bppwd in Grew&a, tire action against other mall countries, includiq Libya, the act of aggre88ion against the Tunisian people and the act of piracy against a civilfan Egyptian atrcraft are extremely grave matters that should alert us to the fact that the gteeorvatfcm of internatkmal pwce and oecurity ta our ca#mOn revibility anvil aan ti achfeved olply thrargh the cmaation of aggression In l wsofng the 40 year8 of tb exirtence of the United Iatfons, we cannot hold it solely 5u?Qunt8ble tar tba failure to coouretim it8 Chatter and to @hieve it* posls. Respoooibility for this failure mmt be borne primarfly by thoma major PoUWS tiiCh fmeuantly work to weaken the !.Tnited Wotione, to pvt en end to its role, au3 even to diawntle it. Rtmponsibility mu&t elm be esmmed by them States which persiet in a rtuy of tMPp=ny snd the u&5 of armed ferce, &B wll 85 by Seotee wbiuh disKeg5Kd the itzgeeoabk marub %f bia my, rteea wbieh desire ta . retb?m to the law of t&5 j 0 09 Perm. mt 8t ially me reef1 %oe m er her Pte eanwrbr . ~~~~~t~~l loping awntrier by ceuntrlem, and unjust ic pactdces, each es boycott& pooeeutt%l%irt 5mure6, ly of teehmrbgy, and the d citim of ~ndition6 on the part of ie intatrfiat.ionsl fnetitutiaml. It ie therefore high time to rsplwe the old order by a new OllQ bMmd on aqu8lfty and juWtic;d, and wnbation for the loams incurr& by the deveb$+iw countries during the period of colonialism. The colonial countries which alonfmd the people of the irorld wet offer proper nsettcm in respefzt of the period of osfontaatfcm and piby 8 high gtiee for their exploitation of the riches Of thts 16. The develqhtg countries ch0ul.d sparat 110 &fort to protsaot timfr rights, se ae ta mhfeve their free&m, swutify and iti f ekrbly Pwiei et?8 ~wtewg~vw m.Aual P cte. oepr6Wntativww gekhwmd toget r in S&m ~rcnoieeo in 1945 M high B foe thw tututw. Multil&+twr8lir* 8nd the 8ptrit of cwcqwr8thn w&m to h t WPW Of thw fututo, r*prwmnt@d by thie parlfwawnt of nstionm. In the united States House of Repreoentativee, one CongreeraLen expressed the view that “this Charter is the most hopeful and i mportant document in the hiotory of world statesmanship’ and l the greateet and met hopeful public event in history”. No lees snthusiaatic was Mr. V. M. Molotov, Chaiawsn of the delegation of ttm Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, who vaa present at the opening session of the United watione fn San IPrancfeco. Be described aa “this noble cause* the “comtxm cause of the creation of such a post-war organisation of pwce and tsecurity of nationa’. W. AMhony X%enp Choirram of the (lelegatfon of the Unite% fing%ola, who was elm present in San rteruzioes, mw in the unite% lletione a to resli2.e a world in which justice fsr natPon8 88 ~811 as for individuals c8n pt8w8ilg. AnB th8 united a at theie fhal bt 8 nsvolrsti43n in c $i!Aly, we hroe also seen a a mutt~l8tePri s, a nsmment born sb Frustrrtim an% eynieiaa. In% , many cbangoo that have taken place 8re not eonemcne with the noble virfono of our founding fathees. Wfth all ite blemishes and imperf8ctions, the Unite% Nations, however@ still represents man09 krt hop0 for the orderly conduce of international relatfona, base% not on the actual power of the strongest States as in the past, but on the rule of law and the univetaal principles of equity and justice. For the majority Of 8-11 States, the Unitad Uatione wntinues to be the main bulwark against infringements of their sovereignty and territorial integrity. h effective and funCtiming United #ation@ har become essential for tho aecurfty and survival of emall States in the present-day vorld. (Hr. Tsar i&g, Bhutan) (UK. Tser ing , Bhutan) In the circumstances, the North-south dialogue met be revived with new vigour. Trade reetrictione, deteriorating commcdity prices, reduced and reetricted cepitsl flows and high interest rates combine to hurt the rtconomiee of tt.e developing countriee. In the long run, ouch policies work to IIO one’o advantage. Indeed, current reports before us point to such factors 8% the tfsk of disintegretion of the trtiing system end instability in the :nternaLionC ~0neti3rp and finsnafrl system as csmfnouer eignm conne&& with the Qesline of with fearful conssequences ahead if present trends continue. puny too-thirdo of the 316rU’si $quhetfon live law the povert~y level. W=t aaurtrfee enll the least aeve eemee rstive ta help thea fes. The ~#ag&t so 1tvirsg 0% ja fulfblli dim intaI%g. eta ti to et the Glhaf lRevfev8 wu Td9Pe Geneva next sprfny in the that the internrtiencl laity will bs ROE@ athetic md rerponoive to the modest efd K itementr of smell la&lock& WI like Bhutan. (Mt. Tnting, Bhutan) In our fpiew, the lonp-tea 6olutfon to th8 problear f&c& w the demlopiW countrisa md to th8 overall gLoba 8comuic rrrlafm, is th8 i*lmntation of the new international mzonomic order. Thin n8w economic ordar would anauru acloitabl* ecoriomfc rdllrrtiotu a&, in the words of the C!hatt6c, ‘premiste sale1 prisgrssa and butter standards of life in larger Iroede%” T4m aftetnativ6 to thi8 is thQ preimt ticmarto 00 a widilbninq $mp between rich md poor countriue, with rtdnq tensions and pulariaatiun, amxmpanhd &f nwer-mding pshitioal upbsaVal8. Wcudc well-being will Bring with it army -ial am3 huaaitfearian fqrommrta. Perbpe our primary arm of conmrn ot nt 18 th8 wak8n:~ sf tDPear9aoufthe on8Q au, eberewankmnecew twt8baW am8 ewe abiab aw 8v8m tlweatoni8 ts mmh aast to kta4wmw fa tb8 %eos ee =atU WUP, ia ewwle-Q8uafeai~ wooty only 683Krn@J t@ a feeesa fn t We also call for a pruduction a prolif%~%tioR of urn We have ntioned ~CYW of the wayc in which tn must rtrenpthm our eramu to the C!harteOI fraa which the international c unity bos in eoaa ro+tr fallen (Mt. Tsering, Bhutan) avay. We must not only strengthen the Charter and our detenlnation to fulfil its goals, but w are alsc of the opinion that the United Nations system ftwlf mquices certain charges in terms of the proceedings of tfre Gmeral &ssembly an-8 t&e proLiferation of meetings, cmittees, working papers am3 the creation of a Iaqe bun%aueratfe apparatus in which there iei duplication of work. This kind of prolif%ration, an8 the expeniteo invofved, must be ainiafmd as Paz a5 poasibl~, ad w wkoebe the ra-n%atiQne of OUL BeCfetaKy~A%La1 to prune what is wuwBce8eaKy eel meeePy dupltcotar part offortr, ad to rtremlins the mxk of the OPgeliiretiolL rtiautty ea rbhetm t i~rnn8Bi~l +saamaai%y et tam iate action ie in dfa8ce v&olatA43a f& t&9 Uniwereal E9? , tn crbictn nigh% ecruyo oultur~uy a ~g~~~e ite ibh4, bQ1 sP1 itioa %Q ite b taigm, K~pltimj its yetang n into the amy and phederiyp the KeLBuIceI of as teraritay. EJurthemooe, South AfPice has ofa POE@ tKOttd Out th dfWmdite8 Wultf-Party Confere*em a8 s wy of goantdng s6-eaPPed tndependence to Namibia. Even the adherents of constructive engagement have totally rejected this fraudulent scherc. Security Council resolution 435 (1978) reaains the only acceptable plan for the independence of Namibia. (Hr. Tscr inqr Bhutan) The situation in t.Im bliddle Bast continues to demand our urgent attmtion. The plight of the Palestinians remins the crux of the problem. The Paleetfniarra must km granted the right to self-det~tmfnation, including the right to nationsf satlf-determination in their homeland. %?e m3ppor.t tb &semr9ty ehd right to exist in safety of a11 States in the ar6a, irscludftq Xerasl. Those ate of the prublatm we mnf rent. BUt th82'8 OI8 ~ti!IliStiC SfgM BS Well. wo we the fort w ttPrg $etW%i3 tiM9 h&38ZS Of t&b8 uni statem iet Uaioa is will giwa an to erB0 QUtr tee1 eiwm &It rat 634? field - ~g~w~tiom as tboee d8VOt8d to health, watim, agPi6%ftur8 ama elf a to of &wo nt. Th6 triwaphs hero have ofton been oxtraordfnary. Drinking w&w ou~~liea~ sanitation facilities and smokelees stoves are springing up everywhere, particularly fn the rural aceae, thanks to effort8 sponsored by the United NatiOnS. (Mr. Tsec iry I Bhutan) Smallpox has been eradicated. Special all-out .irives are being made to reduce illiteracy, protect children from a host of dimeaaes , teach men and women a variety of usctble skills, increase sel.f-sufficiency in food production, and in general i-rove the quality of life for mtlliotrar of poor and degrbved people. Battles are quietly befw won every day. Wy oun cOuntfyi Bhutan, has been a member of the United Nations only sfnee 1973. Within that obxt R of t&80 we have bmeffted snormtxwly froze the ialioed &$errpeiee md affiliated bedhi of the United $Jotionts, which have worked tag&her with out Gmerrmaat in 6uz devel In patticuler, I ahoute lik% tc nt U6hatd Wetfa30 CBfl&an~6 (fsixm, the InQee6etfonel wa &me in &hi16 inee eurront glokbel him, 09 the llutfm ae nw2llealr apow, em ttwolved only tlmxtgh the cofleative will and aetiof3 of the fntatnational c nkty. Located fn a ragion which ham the largest cormmtretion of people living helm the poverty level in the wrldp Bhutan has been an ardent supporter of the COmXPt of regional co-operation in South Asia. The form of South Asian Regional (Hr. Taer ing , Bhutan) Co-operation (SARC) seeks to establish harmonious and co-operative relations SaOW the seven nhembes countries in order to promte the welfars of the peoples of the stg ion. Thie co-operative endeavour has been successful in craatirrg a clinkate of unclerstandfng, good wi?.l and trust among the sewn regional countries. We are confident that the historic Summit Meeting of the members of SAS in !%aka in Lkcatir ~$11 usher 1~. a new c~a in inter-State relations iri SzuCYh Asia, When a11 fe eeid and &me, the United Nations rtill temtno our be5t f0t the futute. Whethee w wbrb to build on the exf8thg fo~rtdak%~n of the United iiotdoms a 6Ltable, orderly ad c oattve tmrl6, or whether VB wish to pursw our me-sighCu% naefonal intxmma%e fn the etfcis% of the %overetgrr p%fNle %ntit%ly on oureelvm% I a11 & ~sr big ma nllr rioa aad I# will hsve tbu w mac%e tighk 4Lsd%%r the pu1iei%a1 will te eet en it. me $i of Phut%n, for itapmt,rrouMlfilu, ta eeeifitm its Pull, uawaweeing 1iLid es from ~~e~h~ I ekee ir tbu N~w$~~eK bar sodgn Affaira a Of a@ 1c em etlir sol fotu ta1 6ucreeety OF tim WLriBl ietee of t worker@* Riwty of Ethkpba, Chaiorp~ of the Provi~~fmal inirtPatiV% Coumccil am6 tier-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Arse6 Toroao of Ethi wall a5 those of the Wvernmmt an4 people of aocialbst Ethiopia to youI Sirs amfl through youI to all eminent leaders amd represontativaa a6oe&led at the ilea8quartere of the United Nation8 to mark the fortieth anniverrary of tha foui%di?ig of the Organization, as well as to our Secretary-General. (Mr. Wolde, Ethiopia) As we observe this most historic event - the birth 40 yeare ago of the first universal international organixation - our thoughts go beck to the perilous and unatabla situation which confronted mankind before and during the cataclysmic years of the Setcond World War. That conflagration resulted in the death of acotes of milltcww of people an6 the destruction of whole xociteie~ on several continents. After the Uefeut of the evil foxcse of fascism and na~f61ih the crsXl fat a stew gbbiul structure which wmhi teph the conflict-prcme syatsa of internatfoml rdatiQne and pK metien between nations va8 heor~ loud and dear ebPsughQat t&8 g . That WQrlele yestnfng foe pace# juothi8, d P&i8 fcm in, i&B8 , With at 40 yeero the United Watfcwm ha6 undergono EUII~OK otrwtural tran8Caamtiofw sf ttufy historic pr rtiofw. Though f&e instrumentality Qf the veU+uO sgecialized egencieo and other b&fes, it has contributed to the Wr. Wolde, lkhiopia) realisation of oaa of the objeatives armhrined in ltu Cbarter. Any amesmnt of the performance of the United Nations muatr howover, focur not on its achievementa or failures in isol8t8d instances, but, rather , on its overall contribution to the syeteatic restructuring of international relationa. In addition to prooidfrq m&able forum for tk dtrcuseion and re6olutfon of global probtema, the United Nations ha8 establirbed irreversible pattarns and trend8 in fntermtbsnal rekttone. Xndamd, if tks last 40 years have witnesmd a mrked me txwarda ultiPatmaliPn, if moat sf t&e kitberto cmlcmt OlaspPso kave today gafned tkeir tnde~~nue, and if tke mathma of Afcloa, &da anti Latin Aimriea aret astitpaly eq in tex interrsstP8aa~ tiatiorrr affec!ttBfg tfre fate ad wall-bei4 at slant-, it 9s lalcgoly due to geO%etakfno pete~atest eiEsPts ft eae OB 888btoeuiot%ear Mr. Uolde, Ethiopia) - B4cause of its un Lveraality, reflecting the diverse cultures and civilisations in its vnemberohfp, the United Nations has become the meet important single source of international law. Many of the international treaties, conventions and other legal instrumsnts which have bean concludeU over the Past four dgca$es have either originated in or were scrutinioed and endorsed by the WntteB Nations. mday, etmre legal Inetrmnts govern and regulate international relations in m manner ungrecadented in the history of sarnkindfn the rsalar of ~oonaefc an8 wciol devel nt, the activities of the Wnited ?antfoar ere mea axe vieible. ThroPl its 34 f5fim3 4tgence%es aad Ptr vatfouQ er tha United I¶etkxm aeatfnwr to al ufth a variety of pooblem~ aftming the t of blbmbkiaa. otaeo tbinglr to e stateo, tha ewelorcti tefzFoe;ICiea of sazial 0odieioR of tha developing emntriem, particuldely in Africa , ami the unjust fnternatione~ emncdc order are sem of the challerrgtma with which the United W~tions ie CurKentPY confronted. (Pk. Uoldc, Ethiapia) All these and tha other explosive situations around the glcbe rev by and large, old problems, parhaps under neu amdfttcms. But they all underline the growing intseiffd-ation of #a contradictions that exist Satmen the nabitions and perceived interests of a few St&tea on the One hand and the purposes and principles sf the Charter of the Onit& Bation BR the other. i3oaiatiPer the &Milfmge pseed ld a1scB n e-k m4tiQae 4mm ito co icy es ooact msP(D +¶tffat%tively es breaehee of ttw aets of aggreroton. Pn this -ttonb Statea aihmld k urgled to principl~fs of sovereign equality, the taoritorial imtegrity of ~811 States, non-interference in the internal offairs of States and the right of all States to a 8ccio-econcnic order of their choice. (I$. tilde, Ethiopia) These are ~ollc of the challenger of our tim, and we have no doubt that these challenges will he wcccssfully tackled by the United Hations if all Me&xc States give it the reqisfte support through their active loyalty and dedication to the purposas and griftciples of the Charte-. If, on the othsr hurdr we deny it that support, out Organftation vi11 surely fail t.o address the burning ieeues of our time and history will undoubtedly ascribe that failure to lack of political will on the part of the H&mr State0 8nd not to ishortcoein9s fn the otrueture an4 functioning of the Unpted mtfons. I , at3 wu all reca@se, the gwpm~s ud prfnofples 0% the Clmrter have tb6fr unfvertarl and -lastfag validity. 6tWCtWPr1 set-up of thet orgaai~tfocr, tw, WUIJB at CPIR ombuinfy irspr0-d me hs teiy Bwt S49,UblbWStaflrob usaosss, we 0 t&BP to the I ple4Btee. % all have to ark enwuelves tRdivi&Ja1ry. (Hr. Wolde, Ethiopia) At any rate, we are of the conviction that no time is awe opportune or pCopitiOU8 for Hadrr States to renw their unquivcscal mmiuent ati dedication to the lofty ideals of the Charter than the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the Unitad nation& This anniverumy could be and, inked, should be the dawn of a new era in interrwAoba1 relationa. Bmcefortb, awp9cion must give way to mutual trust and oonfrontation to ao-ogaretion. The scoop of multilateral co-operatban must be widen%d arid ckepem!ad. Bletrouly cmefved national interests mast give preprce to thehe br83& and fxmmm intereats sf humanity. lbmilution and euploftatim lalst tse elirPina and rq@mmd by a eystarrofharaorrisue re~tiotr~ipe breeQl 6n equalftyt juatier, an& mtual benefit. I rubflit that ttmw we not !anatt&iMble dm3ms but PtMPiW%a the Onites Iletiwm. ms H(8- mm (Mr. Wolde, Ethiopia) Besed on this cowiction, we in Ethiopia advocate that the role of th Unitid Watims and that of the Secretary-Ganeral be further strengthened. We believe that it is imperative for all Mumber States to accept the central role of the United lations in all the mgotiatlons and deliberations directed at fir@ing SOlUtiw to the burning fS6w6 Of our thQ.S. It fs equally hambant upon Member Eit6tes to llrsrke ef fectiv* L.* of the of ficse of the Swxetaty-Cenetal in theft att6apte at ucmflfat r86olutfon. As0 L Of the zts%l d6PTuwt League of F3atioJor, my mntcy, Ethtepfa, had fir6t-lW&d eitp8rfelwre of ‘be ocm68quet~3es of 6ny break&mm I#% intem6tfsrrP~ l6#8lie 6rd ROC6liQT. A6 8 raeult, fthiopL firrly Is%lieves t&et tim tim6 not aaPy reptamka t&3 big