A/40/PV.44 General Assembly

This morning the Assembly vii1 first hear an address b;r the President af the RepJSlic of ?srabia. His Excellency Dr. Kenneth David Kaunda. Mr. Kennatrh Ddlvid Kk2und1, Prssidant of the Republic of Xowbia, was escort& to th% ror3trLua. a 87ifmt of all, I wish to cxmgratuleta you, Sir, on your alection 66 P~fmi&nt of thio hLetotdc fsrtitakh mfasmion of the United E=J.ations Ray your PeadePokfp emut5 that thir Py glws nkfnd fog 6 tea? future* Auow al60 to WngEatulat% y K pr% K and kK iot I 6t contclht9 to the Unwft%d fw hio coabre?nt in OUK of%% WOPld. 10 OF the usai 6atkmo did iw 19 5 iwt forth e~ciflc aims and prinazlplee of the 0PgmirotioR. Looking back, swarld has ohang a great &ml in the paat 48 years. Bspites have faPlsn and the Pntarnatimal community ham sxpan&d enorzmusly with the aeezgcnce of new nations. In thf8 cam@ction the United Nations ha8 certainly played a decisive role in the Qcolonizatfon struggle. There have ken spectacular advances in science and technology which have done much to improve the lot of many people. iiere too, as in other areas of human endeavour, a great deal has been accomplished by the United Nations system for the betterment of the human condition. (5 esiden t Kaurlfa_j However, in spite cf all this, we are -. perhaps inevitabiy - Left with IjO mny unresolved problems, old and new, and somewhat disillusioned that many of the great alms and objectrves of the I’nited Nations rezaln unrealized. The TGest *.';o gave Z&2CSediTlg qSiiei6tbGii6 friiw “uir 6an.it’yr nt W~Lhas ken grossly undatmined. AS a consec~uemce of tke emergence of two major hers with ant.agoni4tic cystprw, VP rev brwe .s clmgp:c(~26 3:~op rd.-g in terwz zf ktf: n2zLeac and conventional weapons. The global arms build-up hn~ got out of control. It is most regrettable that after 40 years of the existence of the United Nations we are saddlad with an irrationaPly over-airmzd world, whiPe nuclear weapons threaten the very exlmtenc@ sf m%n&lRd. t of thhe eemouece5, b0ei-l hum%m amd fifmncial, s%l~~e iontific rcamareh and teehnol*ica$ devslo mt BKe! dire4zted to 63ervi can we 6lvold tie cblrqe e we BP@ %Pl the t1 ring fop wee? ?bw, lrn~%e&~ We e&1 u m thQs% A-m dleeeee lentimts and in ~e~p%e~m9 fog the de5teuctfm sP R th@ d%vcrtetlon a nee ex l8Dt to fight hR the w%oica in %ities that wte Bigndty sf hundr 0 Qf mPBlic?m of It is cleat that mibilbtien of halting ewee6img the aP e63cer paeeiculaely the muclear-aeea6 emx , will mfat ksecm p~actieal realitiee witbQut an impewed slfnmte in at-West re,lletims. It will ~1 hfxma a reality without a reduction in the tanrion end threats asscchted with the w~~ld's nucleat arsenals. In this regard we welccmae the new cmtacts between the super-Powms and the invainent resumption of discUSi310nS bb3tweee.s them. Hay I hmbly remind them that the international cosununity is RIOC@ interested in substance than fn rhetoric and mere postur inqs. It is true that a thrrd world war has not broken out in the 40 years that the United Nations has been in existence. Wovewe c , in mEny parts of the worl.d there 4-5 (President Kaunda) exist serious tensions and armed conflicts resulting in untold loss of hIman life, destruction crf property and home8 and the tragic impediment to development. Indeed, there have been some 140 amed regional conflicts in various parts of the world since 1945. Those ccmfifcts make it clear that, in spite of all its efforts, mankind. tcqether with its United Nations, has failed WI buiid worla peace and security on the concrete and enduring Eomdaticx of love, truth, sc~cial justice and (Prenident Kaunda) Virtually al? the regional cor.fli.ct~ to which 1 have referred have occurred and are wcurrfng in the third world. The circumstances of tPcse conflicts cover a wide range: continuing illegal. occupation of other people'6 landa, foreign intarvantion , misrity of ali*ri Piila , &mid of basic human riyhts and eire umibaced evil system of apartheid. tkxst of those conflicts could not have gsown to the .a. . . . u94r*3 :,:;;y k&;* .&i;*&&L ,~,~a~~rii *uppi,i;ad ~ .Liie in~risir;aliz~ ict"nLr ies, blxli arms eupplier~ are in fact the dominant source of the arms build-up in the third world and contribute significantly to bn~scur%ty there; The? pePFiliat%nc@ of ~eg6onal conflicts and the attendant BP~O buiI.d-up are bitters of guava concern to tim oe mffih m+d t 08ll cmtliots cslnd intelefett in mmh emflietr co tea6in effoets to Peaott to tb ma]Lutienr proferrd by the United ticmm in ordso to being a0 em wxly end the sufferings of #&s ions concerned. Since I coma feara sootham Afeicap I wish st this juncture to say m thing ebout the situstfm in ttmt region. We ccmtinue to confoont three major peoblera theeet that of apartheid and minority tule in &outh Africa, that of the continued illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa and that of §outh Af rica*s acts of agqteesfon against. and destabillzatfon of neighbouring independent African countries. As will be Been, our problems in southern Africa stem from South (President Kaunda) Africa. Their heart and soi; is apartheid. That evil. system adopted, practised and defended by the white m'nority r&qime in South Africa is respmaiblc EOC the tension in that region. As we meet here, a major and irreversible revolt against the apartheid system and white minority rule fn South Africa lo en progress. The oppressed black majority and other mnlrhite people af that country are saying in word and deeds IRough im otmugh. Ordinary mm, wcmm and chff.dren are out on the street5 demanding th5ir fre md the ieaediate diemerntlFr?g sf apartheid. They a.~@ angry end without fear. Thz?y are ConftoRtiRg the Pretoria r pollC@ and # on the other us in foR i Rt.. bR or&5r to briRg a gority s to Kwl%iB aafr tura II cm Th ace ma PW me addoeem. The rfeuotioR d that bold mte ba take new in onder ts3 ditfu im rituaeicm in South Afrtca. kxondfngly, we call umn Mr. tha eo do the fsllowingr first* CbC~AW UiUC&8iWCRlly thAt ~Kt~~d it3 (L d i##rrae and that he is prepared to meet genuine letadato of the opprcesed people to dimcuee the future of South Africa; oecndly, lift the state of estargency# thirdly, lift the b&n on the African National Congreee of South Africa (NC) and other political parties, and fourthly, releaee Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners. (President Kaunda) It is equally necessary to increase international pressure on South Africa. The most effective peaceful means for doing so .Le the impolritfon of mandatory sconoaic sane t tons. But we ere diatcussed by the attitude of some Governments tn the West on this Ipatter. On the one hand, they oppme armed straggle and violent change in South Africa and in Plaslibra. On the other hand, they c%ppos@ sanctions ~8 II pwx2fffuL w3m.e tn brincj akmut &4mge, arguing that sancticme will hurt the bback peoph of k3out.h Afticu, t8e~~ibte and neighbourbng States. TM0 peatut is clearly not d&tat& by a ~~BICO of li$all.anthtopy. If-intereat is r%?&%?.1y what is hind it. fPrcpj.dant K~~gndra\ *I---- The oppressed ysoplee of South AEhtca and the front-line States refuse CO be used by those who are opposed to economic sanctions. The harm consequent upon the imposition of sanctiws vi11 tic? far less than that which will result from the imminent explosion if tinctions are not iiaposed on South Africa. We support sanct:ons and call upn those P;;ve~nmne.s no’s opposed tc silch mea~uz~~s TV chznge the Lr minda. A8 we meat today, there? is M irrrm@diatc pro%pect of N%mibi~‘s indepcndanca. It is i%%p0rt%nk th%t the fntornetfsnal co%%%onity revive th% mOm%ntuf% t0 reFAOlv% this problem by gwttirq sustained pressure on thoce who have placed road-blocks in the path of tmapbe sting Security ComefP resolution 435 (1978) to eemve them. ib$a is quite intolerable and mu aPlowe% to continue. 'I de~tabilfP5ltbon Bicy ac%* eeucity eta Afeice. w5 eeer tbete can b5 a%a the har%ahiQr it has brought to can the apfeed ty of countries. XR epita Of the un%mbte% 8uccesse8 the Unite% Watkm? has scored in the last 40 year@, etty btr off6hooto of hunger, igmxanee, %Isea~~ crime, coteuption mn%, above all, exQloitatfOn of @an by man continue to haunt much of the world today. The gap between the rich an% the poor nations grows wider with each passing year, and my h-6 of natrouing it have been dashed by the reluctance of the rich nations to co-operate in creating a more equitable international economic (President Raunda) -- order. The vast majority of developing countriae are now buckling under the debt burden . That is uhy we support the cali for an intecnational conference ro address the debt problem. There is also an urgent need to restructure the financial and economic links between the developing countries and the developed world, to create conditions that wfll stimulate rather than stifle development in the poor countries. There are indeed i&any r~gfcnal and world-wide challenges we Eace in out one world today. 6n thcsq ci~~w~%t%nce%, wlm c%n %eriou%ly debt the continuing relevance 0E and nefd for a k%reioPorPt fntetriatfonal focun faueh a5 im grovf&x3 by the United Nations? But w n tQ rereogmtae .%& addrosr the dl b$lbti%% of the Organieaticm. These ha% t-mm % grQwbrag t@ndency tit3 95 a% OF3 otgan fsc fuPtR%?OiRg nae,isn%l tnt@Pw§to at the 8X h nfty. we have turn Hfn 0 trade-oft ffx fm em or in rmm4 for we sufst stop the tem2etKhe &w&d rewiw and Pfmew we frith in the United Nations. But t0 raotfiem our confit%mcwb in the woe1d y its not to accept fto wssknes43ee. Let ue therefore atrive tz rteengthen the Otganifaticm and not to asetcoy it. In accepting this responidbility, let us all renew CUP cmidtment to the Organfzation and pledge to respect ite Charter a08 be quid& by it in our conduct toward8 others. In conclusion, I wish to reaffirm Zambia the United Nations. (President Kaunda) s continuing faith In and sup$mct f/jr President ROIVIfW3: My first pledge on thie oi aeion is to the Charter. I wish to reaffirm Finland’8 coamitnwr.‘c to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. When Finland wa8 admitted aa a b¶embar of this Organisation 30 year8 ago, our representatives said: *In this constructive work for the good of humanity, Finland, true to ita ovn ideas and aspirations, wishes wholeheattedly to participate’. (AJPV.576c para. 64) That is still OX policy. Many question5 haunt us at this anniversary celebration. Do we live tday in a better vorld than that of 40 years ago? Is theee nov less violence and warfare? Is there less human suffering in the vorld? Uo nation6 feel more secure and more confident in their future? Simple ansvets are not possible, but thoee queetfons ace worth asking. I am afraid that sane of the ansv~)rs vould not meet the expectations of thr! statesmen who created the new vorid Organizacion in 1945. On the other hand, the nations of the world have succeeded in one basic tAsk. Mankind has b%en able to avoid the ultimate calamity of a general world war. Had that not been possible, all the efforts snd acbtevearcnts of uw Organisation would have been in vain. The potritive dchiev+#aents will, no &wbt, be highlighted in winy otaSz@aente during the mniversary celebrations. What I want to e5lphaSiZe fifot itp the autttorfty of the Organisation. The General assembly haa b%?n formost in c.:arrying the voice of Wmber State& to the attention of the world. That voice my often have been weak, but it is sustained by the common purpose aapraeead in the Charter. By its petsiotence in such taptters as n&t&ml self-detcmination and the srruggl# aqainrt racial prejudice, the moral authority of the General Waembly has broksn dmm walls of resistance. The Organisation is au authority also in a ditferent senee. It represents an effort to create order dnd maintain eecurity in a world of the pawerful and the weak. The miquenesa of the United Nation8 is nowhere more evident than in its role as the guardian of the rights an< the small and the weak8 the ma for i ty of mankind. Finland will do ita utmost to hold the Organization to that task. The United Nations is a reepected authority thanks to its universality. It guarantees that the Members of this Organization are aware of the state of the world. There are awy matters on the agenda of mankind which we would not fully understand if they had not first been on the agenda of the United Nations. Yet more awareness is needed. This should lead to understanding, and ultimately to action. We know, for example, that there are some 50,000 nuclear weapons in the uorld, and that those weapons are controlled by five States. The rlnited Nations has made niany studies and approved many resolutions on different questions related to the existence of those weapons. We know that a much smaller nrraber of them would suffice to destroy at of the civilfzed world. We know that new and mre accurate weapons continue to be tested and depWed. There have been nurny calls on the nuclear Powers in the United Nations to stop the nuclear frenay, not to test and produce , but to freeze and reduce. Host Umbera believe that stability can b% attained at uuch Luu%r l%vela of armamnt if there ir a mutual will to agree. In Finland we believe that this will to agree can be advanced, hewever laboriously, guided by the awarmess of us all, Bow much is enough? As far adz Finland is concerned, we are fully &war% that the threat of even one nuclear weapon is too much. Stability between the nuclear Powers and Zimitatfono on the number of nuclear weapona are highly desirable. The small States, however, a~@ entitled to more than that. They expect from tne nuclear ‘IPouetcr binding ~ecurbty acaurancefd and agreed code@ of conduct. In a (President Ko$visto) dangerous world they netd nuoleareapon-free zones, as well as other measures to build confiderroe. The longer it take8 to work out new treaties regulating and reducing wapons of maea destruction, the great is ths need for assurance8 that those weapons are never to be used. The basic code of conduct is found in the Charter of the United Nations. If it had been fully respected, no other code of conduct would be needed. In fazt, the problems of the world and the difficulties facing the world Organization cannot be laid at the door of def icienciee in the Charter. They are caused by the inability of the Members - of us - tc agree an the frpltatntatlon of its provisions. Therefore, we should all do our utmost to develop a Cormm political will to live Up to it, in spirit and in letter. The United Natims has helped all peoples to understand that theta is no national security without global security. Awareneon of that interdependence tats to go btyond nuclear wapans and military threats, because 8tcUrity ldan8 more than the prevention of war or the tbtmct of fear of aggrteeirm. Gecurity is me&d in everyday life, in et tht basis nttds and fundamental rights of all human beings. That requires & airstiming and growing effort to bring about global juetice. W ~edtce%%or said fraat this same rostrum 15 years ago that *the gwwffr of a nation no longer depends CM territorial gain, SeCurity no longer can he assured by digging trenches along bardera, and groeptrfty no longer can be achiovwl in isolation or at the expenee of others”. ~rd1?53,U38b~ pare. 8) The parable wm drawn from tie experiences of ~irrland in having been able to rise from the ashes of war and to establish, OR the basis of good-neighbourly relations and friendehip with all netions, it5 cm-i policy of national survival: a policy (Pro8ident Koiviato) 02 :ii*Utrality. In our owntry, that policy has evolved in parallel with expanding awar:dnem of global imuer. We are all coaaitted to proDoting the econorie? and social advancement of all people8. A8 m&m8 of the world acmmunity we au8t thrive together or face untold human suffering, bittrrner t and deprivatim all over the world. Great dispatitice reMin bot~~n nation8 in emnaia QWfOr~nC% and WOll-being. Auarene8s of those dispatitie8 load8 to umaern over 8cne fundamntal trend8 in the world econozay. It is al80 widely rocognired that 8ocial advanceaant ir not only a coneequence but also one of the precondition8 of slutained wanoaic and prlitical developsaent. The pillars of the ryrtem of eC0naiC co-operation continue to be eroded by ptoteCtiCni8t trad6 practice8 and by the bunting probleao of interhational debt and developrnt financing. Wa are challenged by disintegration and increased uncertaintie within the #rid ecubay. What M need i8 a virble, cwopmative world aaslnuntty, which can meet the need8 of th developing countrie8, in particular thaw of the least developed t’UktiCHl8. 9uuh 8 t?ORMnfty h88 to k b884bd On uwnd -8tiC QC1iCi88, erYtU&ly reinforaing eaob other in 8 te8pon8ive internation fr&imuork. That frmnmork should 888ist us in taokliBg 8uuh urgent irsuer as the needed transfer of resourcOsr the expanrion and further lfberaliaation of international trade, and the PQQrCQriatr development of the anonetary system. Success in thos% tasks will also aean mre deiwmds on the awltilaterat development agencies. Finlend will. Continua to do it6 share to ehnrure the growth of theit r~suurce%~. (President Koivieto) The United Hatime, with its nearly univefaal msrberahip, offers a unique forum to reviav the global econoaio trends and issues, Let ua strengthen both the nornrstivs efforts of this Organization and the operational aotivities for devefopent. That ie the vay to promote the effective functioning of an open and interdependent vor ld econay. NW! other tasks lie ahead of us. None is 8ore urgent than that of the reduction of nuclear arms and the prumting of global eccncmic end social developrent. The fortieth anniversary of the United Nations should encourage all peoples to focus Iore than ever on theee cr comer ns. Finland, for its part, wilt do its best to give, in clcme cowpratfon with other Member states, the support that the United Nstionr needs. The United Nations is about to launch the International Year of Peace. I wish it all success. Every year should be a year of peace. In this respect the United Nation6 Charter, after 40 years of existence , ccntinwn to represent the bert aspirations of huaanity. Xr. Mawo ltoivisto, Ptentdent ot the Bepublic ot Pinlmd, wae erwortsd from tbs rostrum. . The PRBxDlgFT_ (interpretatiocr from Spanishfr The hssmbly vi11 ncu h&w a statement by the Preeidsnt of fitbe fsLaPtic Bet&era1 Rqwblfc of the Covioros, PfS Exoellenoy Kr. hbmed Abdallah Abdereabme. the Cwro6, was efscort# to the ra3trkm. President 88Dmm (interpretatfon from Ptench) s It i5 5 sign431 hmour for iv&e to &qeak from this tmtfm on this ex~ptionol occasion, when we ar% aol%anlY celebrating the fortieth annfverrary of the fotiding of the United Hationo. On behalf of my country and the Camoriur people , I viab warmly to congratulate you, Sir, on your eleation to preside over the General Aeaexbly at the aurrent ae68ion. We are aonvinced that the experience you have gained during your long career M a d&l-at, both in the service of your country and within our Organiration, is a valuable aoaet guaranteeing the ouaaeae of our work. I wieh alao to l xpreoa our deep approciatim of, and gratitude to, our Secretary-General, Hr. Javfer Perez de Cuellar, for his tireleor efforts on behalf of world peace. To the Governmnt and the people of Hexico, grief-rtricken by the tragedy I>f the earthuakes that have struck their country, I offer our sixore condolences while renewing our l xproesiars of profound sympathy. At this hfmtoric time, when we are given an opportunity to mke an abjeCtiV0 evaluation of our collective l mrience within the United Wationa, 80 that m 8ay reflect on mya to strengthen its role and enhance ita efficacy, my country, the Ialamtc Pederal Republic of the Camocoe, i8 proud to tm able to uko its modert cmtributfon to thfa OQIIID~) undertaking of refleotfon a& roul-rearchtng at tb highest level in mu Organfsatiau. When the Onitod Watfons was created 40 years ego, smy aounttioa an8 peoples, still aindful of t&e failure of the League of watfona, whose areation had not grevcnted tho triggering of the Second World War, were sceptical about the cbms of success of a new universal organiaaticm in a wotl& already matked by the conflict of ideologies and b&x& IIOIlever, gr &&a2ly, faced by the n&any dangers to mmkind, tncludfng the pet5fetmt, dreadful threat of a third world war* which Would be fatal to the huiwin t&~e, the natfcms md @~@les of the world C*~QB to realfze the irrsplaceable role to bo playad hy ouch an orgcinfnetisn. (Preoident Abderemne) Thur, year after year the United Nation8 ham seen the rank8 of it8 Members grou# with the independence of countrie8 that trod themelver from the colonial yoke. In that connection, it 18 worth recalling that 40 yeerr ago only three African State8 signed the Charter. Tcday we can a88e88 bar luoh our Organixation ccntributed to the decoloniaatfon of continentr, erpeoially the African continant; it8 decieive contribution ia undeniably me of ite mo8t brilliant 8wce88e8. To be 8ure, 8om Tetritorieb still remain on our Organitation’r agenda for deoolonitaticn, while others continue to be illwlly occupied by foreign Pcwurs, thw petpaturting the rule of force and the fait accapli. The e%ploeiVe 8ituation prevailing in 8outhern Afti-, with its deily toll in de8trUCtiOn and tlaxbhed, i8 Of l Xtrb# Cavern t0 u8. !4y Country unrerervedly condemn8 the sy8tar of apartheid practirsd ty the South Mrican Government a8 well a8 the repeated act8 of aggreuion and de8tabilitatiCn in neighbouring States, carried out in contempt of internatimal law Xnd the macred principle8 of our Charter. We believe that we Eu8t give auf Otganisatim all the tnuernry parer8 to relolve the problm, on the baais rmt of violence but of the principle8 we hold dear - dialogue and a omcerted approsoh - in order to avoid 318 bloo&hed that lend8 to hatred an& ramour, uhf&h will fmt prfmok ecmxi8term in t&8 region. In our humble cpinim, such could be gain& frcm bringing the Rretorfa ruZers and the Leader8 of the liberatfm movements of irarthern Africa to en international forum in order to encourage them to initiate a diakbgue. Xnctsed, we believe that the search for a solutdm ta this painful problsa mu%t take pl%cs within the fPaJnuwork of canetructive dialogue under the m&S of OUK Organiratfim, with all the ptWti&%i COllC!erR~d takirq &MKt. (Preaidemt Abdercmane) Ia out opinion, the qwetion of Namibia still remius the aajoc challenge before our OtganicatPou and the consaieuce of rankind and continues to pose a grave threat to intetuatioual peace aud security. The ougoiug ocaupation of Namibia i8 depriving the people of that corntry of its inalienable right to self-detetminaticc and freedan. 6ettling this prcble8 by negotiation would enable the peOple8 of the area to live in freedom and would lend new iqetue to leesening tension and tc rtrengthening stability in international relations in the subregion. My country, the Islaaia Federal Republic of the Caoro8, reaffirms its euppott for the struggle being waged by the Namibian people to regain ito independence and restore it8 dignity. We ceaain ccnvinced that only the full iglementation of Security Council re8olutfon 435 (X978) will sake it possible to arrive at a peaceful solution of the problem. In the Ufddle Bmt, the intransigence of the 2fwfst entity and the permanent state of uar it i& fmterim ir creating a climate of l xplasive tension which ia liable at any moment to engulf the entire region and in the lcog run to &generate intoageeerdlised cronflict. The State 6f Israel, &riven by its exgaarrionist art& mnexaticmist dcrri~s, doe8 not shrink ftoa rasortiRg to aIt aaimer at repceasim against the mlestfnian Arab people fn the owugfed tarritort~ antI wntinws to Isun& rewated assault8 against neighkxwrinq countries. ThUsr scme week8 ago X8lael diapetched its bwbers to a Palestinian caap lccated ala%e to the capital of Tunisia, taking a toll of doaim% of 1nRocent live%. The Gwerrment PnB the people of the Comroe ca%Wricalry condemn this criminal and barbarous set committed in ccmtetnpt of all conscience and mraliW. f should lfbe ta 5rize thlPt cpprtunity to renew aur unewerving euppart for cut Tunisian end Palestinian bsotheba ad to ~ELSUK~ thwn of our fraternal 6s3lidaKfty, AIB ue have had ocaasion to say on many occasions, there will be no genuine peaoe in the Widdle East so long a8 the Israelis do not withdraw troa the occupied Arab territonier, including the aity of Al Quda Al Sharif and 50 long as the inalienable righta of the Palaatinian people are not guaranteed and indeed effectively exercised. I cannot pa55 over in silence the fratricidal war which is tearing apart two brother State5 - Iran and Iraq. The many initiatives launched by various international badfee, including friendly countries, have not yet rucceeded in putting an end to that conflict. We reiterate our appeal to the two belligerent5 that they finally heed the voice of reason and put an end to the hostilities in keeping with the sacred principles the holy Koran teaches us. A8 to Wartern Sahara, we reaffirm our support for the resolutions adopted at the eighteenth and ninetaanth sumit mtings of the Organiration of African Unity. Us remsin convinced that the solution of that problem mu8t neces8arfly first involve the organfting of a selfdetemination referendu with the people concsrrm, As w have sksady pointed out, there can he no doubt that the 5ucwensts aahftvtd hy our Orgaaiaation in the field of dtcaloniaation are for the acmt pert porittvt. Yet we deplore the lot of eertiin eountrfts still aufferfng from the co~5qusrwe5 of cotoniaatton. In this mnnection I should like to allude particularly to the situation that ha5 been created by the inccmplets dscotonioatfon of the Comoro Archipdago. This has ted to the painful problm, of which our Orqanfgation tpas been aware for the past LO years now - the question of the Cawrtan island of Wsyotts. Itxh+dl this island which is WI fnteqrel prt of the national territory of the Iofamic P&era1 Itetp~lfc of the Czxaores ) as cenf irs2& by Gmererl Ame*1$ly re5olution 3385 (X%%) , te~in5 illegally occupied and adminiotered by the former colcmizing PGIer. The Frenab authorities today, like those of the past, are reneging on the solem oamitmmte they mdertook with regard to the Cworos and world public Opinion a~ the ewe of the independence to our Archipelago. As the Amsenbly is avare, these camitmnts quite naturally were aimd at respecting and preserving the unity and territorial integrity of the future Caorian Stab, in confomity with the sacrosanct rule of the French Constitution as to the indivisibility Of over54tas territories and colonial entitles. Indeed, in accord with the Accords of 15 June 1973, initialed by the late President Poqicbu, and with the Wench law on the organiration of the seIf-detemin5tion referendua of 22 -c-r 1974, the resulte of the balloting were to be taken as a whole, not island by Island. That paitiar was conf ir8ed by formar President Valery 6hcard d’Bstaing and the current President, Xr. Pr5nqoi5 Blitterand. As a rerinder, I Jlould like to strers that the Cmrian people a5 a dole ek3ctid8d by OS pet uent in favour of the im3qmm&me of it5 comtry. By eelectiwely interpreting t&e r55ult5 of this wlf-deterninsticn refere&um, France has played the role of a large knife uoldly alfuing through a &unk Of matt thue turning out ctountry into a three-hgged aniuel. Frame b&e thus violated, not unly its own camitmnts aad internal 5tbtute5, byt also international public law. The continued existence of this problem is at 0~08 a negation of the tradition Prance had until then obeerwed in tbe field of decolonirration and a break with the Wiflctples laid down in the Declaration cm the Granting of Xik!ie*ndem to Colmial Countrim and Peoples a&opted by the General Ass%sibty fn its ceooluthm 1513 iXVt of P4 Lk?ce~r 1960. At the wtw time, ft caprte a shaduw over pace and mxxtrity in cur part sf the Indim Occtln. (PrsfSiQnt Abdeeemane) It ia tim for ~rutca, am a foundling bhder of our Organisation, to teanmend the -fines of sheet-teem interests and devote its intellectual powers, in concert with tb united t?ations, to the soar& foe a just and la&zing resolution of this gCoblW. It is alaq these Xines that all other intsenatianal organisations and regional bodies dealing with this qumtian are advising France to peocaado Foe their part, the people and the Ooveelusnt of the Cmoeos, faithful to the principles of pert* and justice ambodied in the Charter of oue Oeganiratiow continus to remain open W dialogue and to a meted approach bo that once and for all, while there is still time, this problem MY be resolved. Our attitude, dictatad as it fr by the voice of wis&m, must not, h-aver, be taken as scae met of wakness, given the fact that, in one uy or anottme, even a mequito can do battle with an elephant. Hoe must we becow victims of our own eeadineea to k concili.&tory. Wa regret that Frame, to which we oontfnue to hold out our hand in friendship to resolve this pcablcr, ba6 until boy not mnlferuld My undar8undingr ?wtwithstanding the god rel8tion~ we enjoy with Frame in other Ue&8. Baienue ti tedm5logy bavrr 88&e rignifiaant knouladga available to unkkrnd. Only rational and e6~uieabte use of thir kwmledge is eequfted to end tttt m,eewiq+, hunger and lralnutrftion of a mfority of peogle8. (President Abderemsne) In other worda, the l tu rwe wt in tr8ia by the maper-Pawrr reriourly co-qriaea the prospmtr of bringing shout a pesaetul and stable world for the well-being of 811 people. our orgrniortion is absolutely tight to be in the vsngurrd of 8 world-wide omign for diarrmsnnt. Indeed tbe rilitsry ertpmditures by States in the nsn of seuurity are very ruch 8 manifestion Of hatiOn egoism and hegwonist designs and sre rushing us inexorably tovatds the point of no return. Why, then, let oureelves be guided by an aggressive instinct? Why should we wish to kill or dsrtrey, vhen our Ch8rter shows ux the ray to peace and friendship 810bg peoples, free from distinctions on groutis of race or religion? Deeply derirous of procding darn th8t psrticulsr prth , the 18luic ?mlersl Republic of tba Cowron, which is 8itusted in 8 much coveted p8tt of tbe world, intends to strive tirelersly to l n8ure that the Indisn Oce8n becow 8 truly demilitarised, denucle8rired sone of pesoe. In 8 World in vbioh the danger of 8 global conflagration seems inoressingly and slst~ingly iuevitsble, the iahsl8noe that cfmra&.8rircrr internstioml relsttons is destabilitirog tba world mawag+ to an extent that csus48 csofmrn, and the victims of this situation sre tha poor nations. In 8 world k4pt on 8494 by th4 8sny hotb4ds of tension, 8an8r afdeedr, vie with nstursl dir;ssterr, suah ss dtought, hurricanes, l scthguskes, huger and so onl the d-1&3 for t&8 irdi~nasble nuw fnternstionsl econmic? order in keeping with the exigencies ef 8 woild unbergc4ng grofsund chsage is unfortunskly Cozairtg W 8tWfnst 8 lack of politics1 will on the part of mute of th4 richer nstions. This resistance to a recwsting of the strrrctuees of relstfons among lixates beat13 wftnem to the ffotetmfwtion of sosie to psgactuete 43 eyeem off tnternatiswl ralatfms eRet Reo e-n Ptealf tci bt4 urroble to prsriist~ 6t just dPstribotian sf tJ@il-b%ing ora3 pros~oi&j. [President Abdereaane) The pteaont suonamia otisio stems ftcv ths l nsruhy wilCully aterted by those who aoatrol ovot ths world eaonomy. The joint rffeote of tbs extreme protectionism practised by the ihdostrirlired countries and the collapse of raw saterials prices have esacerbatsd tbe arisie by perpetuatihg its evil conseguehues. That is why ue are gld that our Organisation ha8 focused speofel rttention on seonosic issuest With the establishsent of sn entire network of aid and resistmae being channelled through the specialised agencies. I Wld thsrefore like to pay a glowing tribute to the various united taativns lnstitutioss that are intervening so effectively in our States in various areas involving the daily lives of our peoples. The stsxesses achieved by those institutions encourage us to grant thes mxe pouer and mans of action. It is difficult for us to nan thsr all, but the united #ations Developrcnt Progrm carrnds our particular attention. Ever since the l spahdsd Progrrms was Derged with tk spsoial ?und, tbe United Istlohs Development ProQrsms, with its netuork of resident reprewntatives, bas been plaaing a considerabls role in obordinsting 8Rd distributing rid. Ws rsgret that to&y, we thsn evw kforo, tbs id**18 of pssue 8&I ju8tice enshsinsd in uur Chsrter srs uontinu.ally violatad, clearly prcwfng that our collsotivs sdksrenm to ths prinuip&s of our Chsrter is ecwmtratly being emlted into qusstfon in order to defwxl intctcsto b88ed on uatiohel egOiSr%. Our Orgsnisatioh if&ted has the writ of haviug survivsd, It is fsperative, however, to perfeet it inssawh as its fouhdatfons uere laid in the abssuoe of the sajority of its present xesbers. This is anothsr way of saying how urgent it is for us to take appmptirste measures to translate into action the fundam?nta~ 3ri~cipleo enohrined in the united mtfohs cmrt6r. In a toroentti srotld in uhioh the lrv of the strongest ir often i5~05a6 brutally an8 uncoqtomidagly, it ir nou Iy)re t&m ever neue*ury to ouknwlrdge the primaay of our OPgrnirstion~8 role an an arbiter rrd to abide by its jUdgO#nts and ite resolutions. Only then will it be able to aarry out effectively the nable mission m hsve entrurt5d to it, namely, the ufeguarding of psae and 5eautItY throughout th% world and the bringing &out of greater co-operation amng nations and peqle8. My country, the frleric Federal Republic of tha Comoroe, faithful to the principle* of peace and justice, bar no loftier mbition than to a8rve our OWmisetiOn rnd rtrengthen it, end today it 8olemnly reaffirm itn dedication to the noble ides15 emhdiod in the United NBtiOft5 Charter. At this historic writ, es we celebrate the fortieth l nnfvermary of our Organiration, l ll our dorirer muat be fumed into otw: th5t the world of tmttw l hoUld benefit all unkind 8nd each of our peoplea l nd tmt freda, justice l nd fraernity should flatrirh l verywhote. Nothing i8 better for the life of peOplea thsn peace. Mr. Ahaod AW11lah Abdereswe, Presidunt ot tho ~rl%8iu Wpublic of the coperodl, mar osfmrte0 fra t&w rcsstrm ta Lb0 Th% IBiWP (fntergret8ttun from spnhhhf I The next sperwer Vice-ChsirlPsn of the Cmmcil of St&ta of the German Dltaocrrtic Rapublicr 81s )6xcellenoy Mr. 6erald iwetting. Mt, Ger8ld 6wttfng, Vice-Chait~n of the Coutlgil of $tete of tfm Ger8um ~ratiu Rqwbllc, Y8S OSCtX’tOd t0 the t@StrUlb Nr. 6WPiW36 (6erartln DefDochatic Rep&lie) (~pok% in C&man; Erqltish text furnished by the Cleltagationl: The fOrti6tth iMiRiV6PS8ry Of the fOUf%di?kJ Of the URitOd HatiOne provides 8n opportunity all over the world to raview the petfcrt~fica of Yh@ organis&@ion to dare and to ~RdOK W3yS and B&m67 of eetabliffihkw Pon9-9.aseing fsuRdrt:fons for perlee in the bmPd$ ttre grcetaafz seaiet. of iaankiRcl. (HZ, Goetting, Garann DrrPooratio Remblic) It ie a great honour for m to ooavay to your Hr. Prasidant, and to tha Searetary-General, as well u to all particimntr in tha anniwmary 8trrim of the General Amresllbly, warn greeting0 tmm tha &natal Seaoatary of tba Cantral CCmmittea of the Sooialiat Unity Party of Germany and Chairman of tbe Councfl ot State of the Goram Damooratic Republic, Mr. Eriab Honecker. Along with his greetings he extends rincere uisher for a succemful seartar i&wed with a Mnra of respon8ibility and realism in acuordanae with the putpore and primiple8 of tha uorld OrganizaticA. . The fortieth annivermry of the United Nation8 ir an appropriak occasion for the aocialiat German State to reiterate its beltaf in tha purpoee8 and principle8 of the Charter of the united Nations. It i8 the de8ire of the &man Ueaocratic Republic that thir code of cabduct, internaticmrlly binding on all Statea, should mu the world-wide standard for political action. By the uy to&en, the international c-unity can be auured of our contribution to the rainforeaent of the United NatiCx38 a8 the univerul franuork for international dialqua aimed at developing joint effort8 to sttengtben pewat to further measures Ot dimtrwwnt and to uttfa other utgrnt world piobk*r, Mr. Wetting, German Ueaocratia Republia) In the German baxxxatic Republic the observance of the United Nation8 anniversary has been closely counected with the ccaaemoration of the fortieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War, since the anti-Filtler coalition was the tremendous military, political and moral force which liberated the peoples from the Nazi rule of force and terror. The hard-won victory of the Soviet Union and the other States of the anti-Hitler coalition - indeed, of all anti-fascist resistance fighters - opened up the road to a future of social progressI freedom and husan dignity for the German people alno. The G%rman Democratic Republic made consistent use of that opportunity. Our people is comitted to the bequest of the anti-fascist struggler its endeavours are in conformity with the historical lessons frae the tirs of the anti-Hitler COalitiOn. The nationr are aware of the fact that the question of war or peaa ha8 assumed a nuclear dimtnston. The intended rilitariratioo of outer r-8 would even heighten the danger of a nuclear holocaust. Such an evolution sust he 8topped for the sake of mankttW8 survival. The muples want outer 8-e to b8 explored and u-d cxalusfvely for petauefu~ gurgm&, This is the ah of the pmap0sa~ mabmittd by the Sovist rpnicm cm the graceful sxptottation sf outer space under aon4ftions of its nfm-erfIftarirratian, That pmpwa1, VC) bslieve, reflects 5 keen awarenew of responsibility for the safntenance of world peace. A similar approach is expected from the other eldle. ft ie legitimataa for internationrl public optnion to look forward with expectation to the forthcoating Soviet-Amcican omit meting, ae well as to the ongoing Geneva negotiations m the whole emplex of 13~bipce arm8 and nuclear weapons, botk strategic and intermediate-range. Pusftive results would be m5t valuable for ~eaeo arid the lerornfng of tenefma. The cortprehonoive peace prcqr which pf khail Gorbach%v, General Secretary of the Canttal Cmmittee of the Cowa\unist: Party of the Soviet Union, explained in Pari be met with a broad, gositiV0 response and irr also uboleheartedly eupported by the Germn Demwtstic Republia. It meto the wi8hee ard hopee of all people8 and addreeees their concern that everything abould be don% to prevunt the atn race frca spreading to outer space and to ternibate it on Earth. There is a growing awareness that world affairs have reached a point where what w do or fail to do vi11 decide for nnkind the question of “to be GC not to km. That fateful qubtfon is posed in perticulet to tbow vho are vested with Government authority and political influence, be it in the Rare of in the West, in the North or in the South. After all, peace in tbe nuclear and qace ege is indivisible. We have the option either to murvive Logethat or to Perieh together. SeCXirlty c8nnot tm echleved through confrontation, but only through co-operation. RenCe the Get-n Democratic Republic hs# teeolutely been plesdibg for a world-wide coalition of comonunu l rd re8liam. It irr ready to ccw3parate constructively aftd vithout tewrvatiob with all thou ubo rtmd for pacer diswaummt end dewlopent. Tcr make peace frating and secure it is feratiw that States strictly resgrwt the principles of peaceful cwxmfatence bst forth in ttie united oatform ChatUbr. IaWwmntation of the suprue objectiw of the united Btations - to save 8uuceeding gener~tfcm8 Psun the saiaargt of wr - today requires ueticm, particularly fn the following four arem. First, the Probibitioo of the threat or use of force should bo observe8 8~4 reinforced by the conclusion of pertinent agrttftwnto. Bratee wet live up to their obligation to eneute that no war rtfll emmate from their territories. tar efgn t%SPitO:sei4% i%U%t Wt b@ US& far %CtE Of %+j‘#F%~i~n. (Nr. Goetting, German LWouratia Rewblia) emure that never again w%ll war be launohed from German 8oil. For the socialist German State, I a8 in a po8ition to assure you that nothing but peace will ever emanate from its territory. Secondly, aware of the danger to the survival of Wind inherent in a nuclear war, we believe a treaty on the prevention of such a war ia mmt urgent. It io indispensable that all nuclear-weapon States undertake a binding comai#ent not to be the first to use nuclear weapona. Thirdly, any attacks against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States, as well as rttempt8 to interfere in their internal aff8irs, mmt be prevented. All overt or covert actions aimed at deotabiliring, undermining or overthrowing the aacial systau that peoplas have chosen for themrelvaa mst be halted world wide. Such actims are inconpatlble with tha principles met forth in the United Nation8 Qmrtrr. Fourthly, the Charter calls for 8ettling international dirpute8 by peaceful aeann* TMs iqmma on all St&es an obligation to solve iatermtioml oonfliats ctxnlusively through negotiation. Suah disputes or aonflierts aan only bs settled if the right of peopba to wtf-detetrfnatim is red&pecked and if all parties mltQQrne& includir4g legitis4tte liberation movements , take part in &e process on an equal fasting. Caprehensive sanctions, as provtdes for by th Charterr should finally be enrpbyed againtlt those VW perpetrate a&a of aggression and mast grossly violate United Hatimx rmaalutiona. It is cm4 of the foretaos& policy objetztive5 of the Geman Democri34tic Republic that peacer wiiich is 80 ardently desired by all peroplec, be secured with ever-fewer weepone. UC are ready to join in the mask radbsasl of steps designed to Iinrit or tefsove weapons of all ksfndo and to prewarat amamnt in new fichde. Ok. Goetting, German ueaocrstic Repu CY According to the resolutions adopted by the General Aamembly the task Of ending the nuclear arma race hae priority. A wet iqottant masure imuld be a freeze on nuclear arsenals aa a first step towards a reduction of those etocke of deadly weapons and their eventual eliainstion. The ceesation of all nuclear teet8 has lon$ been overdue. The German Demxratic Republic welcomes the decision of the soviet Union to renounce, unilaterally for the tin being, all nuclear explo8ions. The pecpleo of the world still hope that the united States will join in this move so that a barrier will be 8et to the development of mu nuclear weapons. This would considerably facilitate the Conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty. The German DenXXatic Republic favouto th% cstabliahwnt of wne8 fr%% of weapom Of ~88 destruction in the various region8 of the world as an important step towarda the total elimination of thaw arm. pot this reason, it would be ready, on a basis of reciprocity, to rake it8 territory available for inclusion in 8 zone free of battlefield nuclear ueaptmm, em3 it is engsgecl in active effort* for the a~t8bli6hmnt of l ob8iual-wapat-frw wne in Central twopa. The oitslity Of the United mtiuns Chartrr has stw stosd ttw test Of tin% On the UOntiMnt from whioh tw dwastrting world v&r8 started, The ~ltileteral rwognition of the territbriel status quo am3 the respect for the WV%r%iaJntY of all stat%8 participating in the lfeletnki Conference, regardlees of differences in wcfal PyOt%w, hsve proved to be the aainstay of European wcurity 8~~3 cs-operation. Thetefore, att t6 to tevfrse the frontiers in the very heart of Europe, rthich were agreed upon in internationally binding teT@, cannot but cBUfl@ A turnabout in the world politiaal l itwtion io nearuary and posrible. fhi8 *timii8 bard On the great -ial changes which have taken place in all continent8 over the past four dwades and are still going on. #sore and mote peceples have enbarked on the road of saAalgrogreeo. me are optimietic because the Movement of Non-Aligned Countrie8 ha8 come to play an increaeingly active role in resolving the central is8ue8 of our time. n0 draw confidence from the powerful actions of the worldwide peace movement. we feel encouraged becauw sore and more responsible politician8 are prepred to display realisn and ream for the 8ake of peace. And not least, our hope8 are based upon the existence and the activitie8 of the tlnitrd Iiationr. May thie anniver8ary 8e88icm and the forthcoming Internaticnal Year of PHC~ act a8 an additional impetus ta all State8 in their effort8 to bring about a better world - a world of maae and fredcm on behalf of human dignity. Mr. Gerald Goettimg, Vice-Cbairmsn of the c0uf1~il of State of the Gernan Democratic Illgubliu, warn escorted from the rostrum. The PMBDDIST (intetpr8tation fra Spmtrh) z Ttw next speaker is the P&eta1 Cbsrmeltop of the Ueprblie Oz Austria, tit. lb4 6inowats. nr. Fred $i.rmmts, ?edetal Chancellor of the Ikegrtblic ci Austria, was ewottd to the roatrua Mr* SWWA’PC (kr8trial (spoke in German; mglish text fumirhed by the delegation)r Mr. President, I do not wish to begin my stat nt uitheut offering YOU tffy fliftCerO3t emngratUlatiOn8 on your election to your high office. 1. am truly pleased that you, the repreesntattve of Spain - 0 countsy with which we have vety close ati friendly re%ationo - with your fang-stanAirrq uw3 extensiw experience fa tnterrnatimal affairs, have been chosen to premfda over tie General MssetiPY ii3 this its annivsrwy yeas. (Hr. Sinarato, &atria) Our prewnce ia tlb traditimal wet--plaoo for the international acmunity of Statee naturally takea on special ~ignificmce this year becmms 02 the taut that this fort& is now entering tic fifth decade of its e%istefwe. This i8, Of c5ur80, an 5cca8icn for uu ta bko stock and to uoigh tho succe8ae8and achievtment8 of the world Organisation against it8 ebortcoaings, which are yell krwvn to us all. Those days ye often rsad and hoar of a profound crf8ir in multilateral diplomacy. Pessimism and a rpirit of roaignation prevail in lrsny statemonts. But &ercriticfsm of tho misUko8 or failures of thi8 almat universal Organitation really justify doubt about ita fundasmntal objectives? My peracnrl anawor to that questia, i8 a clear No, and of thi8 I am parscmally dooply convinced. If the kaeably vi11 rocall the tragedy of tho Austrian pocple aftor tho decline of tin Ia8guc of aationm, it will un&ubtedly mdorstand our f%olin98 of hcpe and deep trust in this Organiratiar, which was founded in the very year that marked tho rebirth of Austria. Scpe aml confidence in the Unitad Bmtion8 am a forum utwre #en the am11 rtatea of thf8 world can voiae t&sir Mu%8 rithoet aeaatfaint inspire us men today, wbea a 8b&u bar ey fallai #8i SQY, of the in*tttutisnr sf thf8 Oqpnization. Clearly yb k&w net swcscldsd in creating a crollectiva ayatem for thu muintenance of peace, f&t GUI VC aLtov ourselves to forget the t&wands of spaoislista in ths service of t&e unitea tSatime who, day in and day out, vage M unremitting hatttc ag6inat hunger, disease and !aierry under ths most sewre conditicxm and in the gcroreet muntrfas of the wxka? Cm ve forget the oacmy sddietrs of our %I states, inc1uaing my c5untly* vti0 day fa atrg day cut carry Out their staabfliei~ role in Qonflicto that muld okb3iwiaa endanger fntarmtional mcarrity? ?4y an8zvaz es thss quec+tisoa is again a ebear #rs born of a doerP eonvicti5?l. (Hr. Sinouatr , Austria) But ve say a alear Yea to the erietenm of the United Hation aad ita cagwity to 8urvive. This ir not merely utilitarian optimism. 1 vi& to illustrate, by meana of a very telling exaple, that hmtria, a oountry ubioh is l o cloeely linked to the Unibd Matiara, is giving eatneat thought to the future of this uorld Organizatiam. Qn the ocaasion of the fortieth annivemary of the aignirbg of the Charter of the Unitud HatiOns, I and eight other Heads of Stats and ~vernment united their voicea in a joint appeal designed to replace a sense of re8ignation by oonetruotive propmale for the future of the United Nations. I should like ta swrrrite sari of the aain point* mntained in that appeal. Fir8t.r the Security Council should be wre mn=ious of its responsibility for the mintenance of international peace and security and should decide upon specific measure8 likely to strengthen its caprcitiee. Secondly, ve vholeheartedly support an active role for the &cretary-General in the resolution of international crimes, Thirdly, the pwce-keeping opemtiona of the United Mationa provide en iqcwtant means for the l trtngthening of interrutional sewrfty. RwreJkly, a st&slr internattsnrl order neaeedtrter t%e solution of the praising et3onomic and mxml probleeis of this world. In a&itPon, I should like to em*tiisa yet mother point, nmly, that the United afatfons was c=o~~ived as a forum orfentetl towards the future. Md X am convinced t&t the stf~tbanfq and reneval sf the C&i-d Watfom, v+hi& ve al.1 desire, maat enail a &tsrmtnsd effort to wn this Organisation Owe again t0 the iaswa of the future. xt must again start to &al vfth per+-city vith future-wtentd focuus art43 Q6ttQBrn6. Very my of our States are at present undergoing far-reaehPng mcfal changes. NOW C~~".C~TRS .md nuw vales aru being puehod f,Q thr fore and will, fn the cmffiing years, uxerk a major inflwmx cm As an exa8@le, I; vould pint hate to the concern rbout the protection of the anvironment - a comern of world-vi&e direxmions uhiab relateo to our very eziatenae, which affect8 equally all the countries of the uorkd, ad whose tzolution rewires breed international co-operation. We vete therefoto greatly encouraged by the decision of the Security Council to bold a meeting at the foreign-ministers level. we fully recognise the excellent vork done at tbe United Nations throughout the year by professional diplcwtr. Nevetthaless, we are convinced that in the final analye$S it bshovee those KepCe5entatiVeS of Govecnment8 that ate invested vith political responsibility to spark nev impulses for this world Organitation. I therefore nute with deep Satisfaction that M) Mny Head8 of State and Gooernwnt have convened hera on the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of the fourding of the United Nationa. par a 8nall country in the heart of ths w-called old continent, tb$s $s indeed an l nauutaging sign. But let us not Confine ~~rsrlves to this meeting. Let us cent$nue the dialogue in this unique forum, in good faith, and let u5 try, through etraightforv8td and frank ta&, to rake e reality of timm gum18 of tim ~ntted Uatiotui Vnictr to&y still lie in the future. The StatemWti? u)ra are sttending this sessicm -rating the smictQr3ary of the wnited Nstiuns hew not csme hem q&y harded. rPhe$r amtributions to the %ebata 5re tha DBost autbentia expleesion of the view8 o$! #W&w State5 on the cogsent situation of the United Natiaas. They reflect both the strengths ati the WBkness%e of our Organfeation and pint ta new d$rgct$ane in wbfch the an$t& Wetione cou&l move. xany QC theme contain concrete &nc¶ prcietfcal propeaals fn tid@ respect. It would be t88fe than regtettabls if this wearlth of ideas were to be lost after 21 wtober 1985 am3 if OUP collective! evaluation of the 40 years of exfeteim? (Hr. SiMatt, Austria) of the United Natiw5 terulted only in yet another publioation. As the SetXetary4eneKal 50 rightly put it in hi8 epwah on 10 October, tb5 wind8 of reform are nou blowing. Let ua derive benefit fraa thea by converting them into 5 5outce of energy for our org5ni55tion. I tbstefore 8ugge8t that we establish a mall ts8k force of exptt8, which would 8tudy the many statement8 made here by Besd5 of Stete and Governrent and vould objectively and martially exarine the various proposals for teforr that have ken tie. f aa co~winc5d that the report Of 8wh a task force, which should be eubritted to the general Assembly at its forty-first session, would provide a mat valuable iwtuo to our effort8 to strengthen the United Nationa. A5 Auettians, hose country has comon bordere with 8even other countries, uith diverse politic51 and u~cisl ordera, we knor fra our deily l %perience that there is no 8ub8titutc for perso~l and intensive contact with one’s neighbours. Thrrefote, ir it really unu*rrmt5Q for u5 to perait our5elve5 to hape for god-nefghhourline55 in the world - even ff that my corns about only in the distant future? 1 do mot think m. It is e5peetrlly In t&ta font8 that th-e great and -rfUl lEIttfOi%S' ability to listto &d unhetrtand the desire of the ~l#ny 5saU btrtes for peace, for developsant, for aocirl justfae and for (WQutity aan tQlte cmtttete forr. M only we, but also the wxkf Organizatfsn itself, would be gratQfu1 for that. In that spirit, therefore, I wtr;b for the united N5tiW3 a new de@.?ade of fruitful work. The success of this J&Y decade uould be the grerrtert gift that we could give this Organisetim on ire fiftieth anfiiverSary. Wt. PteB EOinovatr, Pqjeral C~mellor of the Republic of Austria, wei3 eScorted from the SOstrum. The PRESIDEHP (interpretation freer Spanfsh)t The next speaker ie the Bead of Governmnt of the Republic of suriname, Eli8 Bxcellency Lieutenant-Colon1 l%uiri Souterae. I now oall on him Mr, 06aitC Boutetsdl Nead of Gooerrwnt ot the Republic of Sucimm0, uau escort& to the rootrua. Mr. BanmSz (Suriname) : On the ommion of the comeuxation of the fortieth annivtrmry of the United NatfOn5, it is 8 privilege for me to addsem the Genersl Amly and to se0 you, Sir, pteoiding over this ilportmt seasion. Your . outrtatiing person81 qualities and diplomatic experience in an irbcteseiwly troubled and rapidly changing world will prove to be a vrluable ssaet in ensuring the maccess of this session. Forty year8 ago the founding of the United Nations ~8 a reflecticm of optfrirm, faith in the ulsda of mankind and a willlngne88 by the founding nationr to create a new l nd just sy8tem of intern*tioful ralaions. It was the desire for peace that gave birth to thir Orgrniratim , 8s the uorld conurience had bacad dqly disturbed after two world wars in which more than SO rflilw paogle had perished. UrifOttimt8ly, oar i3tWIwrary ue&il is daminsted by pmblm of d#e&&?wnt stkd by tense emnxmic relstiar8 resulting in virtually unrewlwbh ffnrfteisl sn8 UKmfitary protrlrsu. Iibooamie md polftiosl e&mglemwits iamsasfngly awet with military responses, vhioh culminate in a gcrilously uncontrolled arm race. No dXMdd + IKIY r%llliZe t&t SOlUtiOft8 can b@ fo+JM mly fn thQ cofK+ert& efforts of all the tmtfone represented here today. Ln the pxrt 40 yeam the united btMhn8 hu not l tulnxd tha objmtivea formulatsd in 1945. #ovxxtbelem, the weningful Pole plxyxd by out Otganixation in tntotnxtionxl affair0 urnnot be denid. During the hixtorio procxxx of dxaolanixxtion in Mriax, ~xix, Latin ~~~riax rnb tbo Cmibbxrn, thix mrld body fulfilled an lmrtxnt taxk by tmnderfag firm xupport to tbo8e ~~~1x8 that uere Btruggling to gain uontrol over thair own destiny. (Hr. aoutarle, Suriname) 04s. BOuteree, Suriname) We oanmt accept the abort-sighted, individualirtio attitude of privileged stat&e which em@aeiPe aaly the shortcomings of the United Nations in an attempt to be weaken aultilatetalie. Under conditions of dependenay, bilateralim aan easily employed es en instrument to anmolidate unequal relations by exerting preenure and even using blackmail to the detriment of the weaker Suteo. Multilateral relationa which provide an mrtunity for dialogue and negotiations are urgently needed, especially in tiws of crisis and grcwing tension. Cerfain state8 are taking the attitude of marginaliring theuelvee from global responaibilitieo. We deplore the tendency to withdraw from same of the vitally important international organizaticms, such a8 the united Nations gducsticmal, Scientific and Culture1 Organizatton (UNPSCO), and the dimregard of the ruling5 of the Internetional Court of Justice. Forty year8 have elapeed, but new world realities are not yet reflected in our organization. In order to meet the objective8 set by cmtrporary development& it is critical that steps be taken within the United ?laticms ryrter to restructure thie world coru. Although the muber8hip of the t&kited lSItionr has mre thm tmbleU, there *till exist8 the right of veto, wbicrh gives fro* Otat;sr the polleibility of usking decisfom on behalf of the rest of tie world witbout its erglicit aoment. Th%ir privileged grosfticm hm often been used winst the fnterests of the thfrd-uorld -tries. The restructuring of the Drifted Nations iS long overdue, because we cannot remin passive and allow this Organisation to e*perfemxi the am0 drimdfuf fate as its pre&cewor, the Leegue of ?btforup. We are of the o$inim that the General AsseWly should be given greater pcrwer and influence in the 8saintenance of peace aft& security, (Mr. Boutet 8er Sur ineme) With regard to the Seaurity Council, we rupport the propoeale oukritted by the 8scretary-General in hia 1985 report to the Wmral Asseably cn the uork of the Orgenization. That decisive inotiument for peaceful negotiations 8rnst hot be degraded to a battleground for political dizputets or ideological controversies. Under all circumtances, matters of peece and seourhty must have priority over bilateral, individual fnterentr or futile differences. we shall endorse any propoeal aimd at reotructurhg and 2tcsaalLning tit8 Organizaticn to bring it into line with preornt world realitie8. Let u2 seek corteensus to make the adju2tmantr necessary to maintain and strengthen the United Nations as the principal instrument for the peaceful settlement of disputes. Given the rapidly increasing parer of imdern armwent , aenk in4 would not aucvive another world conflagratiar. We all agree that contc~racy international relation2 ace hardly a ceflecticc of the founding principles and purpmea of the UIlted ~tions. Non-intervention and mm-interference in the internal affairs of Staten and respect for national sovereignty are ba2ic principles of the United Mations. #wertkelers, rovereign nations es-e utill be&g openly inwbded by tegukar military forcar oc by arafars of mldfaro of fortuna trained, finmcml md equipped frcm cutsMe. Se therefore deplore th6 fact that Central kcerfaa*r legitfmat5 azpirattono to social equality, to pcltttcal and ewrwmfc tndesmnbsnce end, above all, tc husun dignity arc still aompletely negfsssted and at times even bloodily 2uppre22ed. bgal pretaxtst are wed to justify the actfona of l%gfOnS of Uk%CaenaCic~ Oilgfll%tfng frC%l feClac;tC dtotZitocia1 and -2sslVe c$gfEsW3 atteE&.ptl~ to c2*0in power at the exgemc of the people. Th% Chatefsr of the Unftd WatfoneP fa; thus cmet3ntly violatd. Ott. 8ou(;4t8e, Suriname) lty Govunnnt uholeheartedly endorser the wrioua attmpts of the Contadoca Group to Rediate in Order to UriVe at negotiakd poacefuf wlutiona in the region. The four Cantsdora auuntriea fulfil an hportant task in the hemisphere and am living proof that this regim can aolvo iu am probhmo & peaaeful meam, witbout any external interference. ih are of the opinion that the work of the Cantadora Group is a genuine regional initiative, and the only viable option for relieving tension in Central America. We therefore fully oupport tbe efforts of the ContaQorr Grow aid urlcou the advent of the Lilu Support Group, which reflacta the grwing unity in the region. The integration and unity of Latin America and the Caribbean are indispensable to the attaiment of solutions to the dLffiault, almost inmxmountable, prableu of our raggion. The Republic of Surinane identifies itself with all it0 brother nations throughout the world, uhiah, in their 8truggle for naLUrm1 liberrtion, are fighting againat military satian and ewtwmic ooerciaa. Ws deplore any violation >‘ of a trrrty *grad upm v30ismtuilyr in jmrtfaukr diea mpXay8d as a maiu of efaonamio cmerafaa. We rprak from espwiesm. ht t&i8 fortieth amiourary of tb4 Qnit+d Bation we still tsaanot wlQBlrb in our midst a free South Afrfue, libara#d fsum &?@tt;tiet$. F~Q vbtld croahmity should no lunger meraLy cmdem what liu alr8aQy bum qualifMd by the ffnit8d ?afstions as a Caliagainst hum&Q?. The time h&r ame to take afPsatfve sation co eradicate WrthQid FraR the Afric&n eonttne. Bvary basic ptfnaipl% mbcxlfed tn the muem of tie Onitcrd @ario*e fa gersisbmtly violated by the srsartheid 4piare. (Mr. Bouterse, surinana) Therefore, tbe eradiaation of that racist r&giu, is a teat ease for the Organisation, whioh ia aritiaad by 8QIo Menbore for its ineffeativeneae. Let ua stand unitad to prove that we aan i@eant the prinqiplea wa hawe agreed u@m and met our reaponaibilitiea and moral obligations towards the peoples of southern Africa now. The world ecotxwic arfaia uhf& we are experiencing prrtioularly undermines the economies of the third world. The devebaping nations, with their vulnerable ecanomic ayataaa, have a am11 margin of safety. They are the first victiaa and the last to recowr. Growth rat%8 are amtinuoualy declintng. This mea a serious threat to aocfal and political stability in the developing anmtriea of Latin kerica - a continent richly l ndowd with natur81 and huwn remourcoa - vhich is still underdeveloped and where the majority of maple remain underprivileged. Tha advamul countries should dar#ratrate a menae of rerlir and understand that the era in which they oould raise their standards of living at the l xpen&e of otkms is peat. enter into a aaratruettva dialuqw to eatablfah a nw tnternatbsnal ewneaio ordar. The problwa of external d&t hawe reecbeil arinow dimnafona. Can anyone eqect ua to repay time kma when that would result in auatatnd poverty, uneiaploywnt and retcaaaion? The debt prabhm whiah is further chara&erited by a net flow of aapftal frun the developing natlcma to the rich Morthr ie a 8099% continuatfcm of a BaspicabLe system fnetitutd during oolmial days. we of the South are forced to sacrifice our ecctnornfc gmwth, because in order to repay our debts, exports have to be incrwasd and inpOrt@ curtaifed. Bxth-South rfflseione vi11 b% deh3rain%d for l3Wa&s tw cG?m! by the manner in which t&3 CPdldi,tOK eountrfes kandl~ the current d&t crisis. (Hr. Soutetea, Suriname) We are witnessing an w&Wed arm race , with an iminent threat of destruction by a gtowlng arsenal of nuclear veapous. The deplorable intensification of the ams race assums even IDore dangerous proportions because of the growing tendency to resort to the use of force rather than dialogue and the peaceful eettleasnt of disputer. In dealing with those threats we are considering not only moral issues, but, indeed, the very rurvival of unkind. (In this fortieth anuiversary of the United Nations, 40 years after the first nuclear bab took the lives of thousands of innocent mple, I call upon the bt%mb%r Stateo finally to opt for a workable syut%m of arxs control, the imdiate reduction of the exirtkg arsenal of nuclear arms , th@ prohibition of their testing and their elirination. Corty years after the founding of the United Nations, my country will celebrate the tenth annfersary of itr independence next lpnth. On this occasion the Republic of Surinue ceafftras its cauitaent to the Charter of the United l?atiom. tt is the viw of my Gwernmt that our 0rganisation and the prinoiple8 it wtsnds for sort be stresgthezmzl and maintained, rime t&e United Sat&me iI an important inatttutfon in &8fenee of t&a scwereigntyr territortal fwegrfty end independence of all States. We are grateful for the effortu of the fSecretaries46neraL of t%e United Wation~ and the Presidents of the General Ibse8bly for their valuable contribution to the suczoees and aohievesents of this Organisatim of ltates in pursuit of the inde.enance of peace and security in the world. It will depend on the Btates gathered here whether or net the gmcLagatien of f586 ae the f~tamiitkmal Yew of Peace mike5 a iwbotaritfel contributfon to r%FiliZiRg thOW 93&4-..5. Mr. dairi D. BOuterm, Read of Govermant of the Republio of Suriname, was 4sco*ted fpapr tha snntru-

The nast speaker is the Prim Minister of the QsmXrstiC Souialist Republia of Sri Lmka, tfis Escellency the Bonourable R. Oremadam. Mr. R. ‘D~amdaea, Ptfas Wri~ster of thii Denaxatie Sixialist Republic of Sri Lanka, was escorted to thu rostrum. Mr. B (Sri Lanka) (spoke in Sinhalai English text furnished by the delegation) t On the occasion of the fortieth anniwersaty of the United Nations, I should like to extend to the world amunity my greetings and gocd rishea and these of Nis Excellency J. R. Jayeuac&ner out Ptesident, the Govarnrnt and thu pumple of SK I Lanka. The United Iations Charter embodies the seven noble principles of avoiding 6sttucticn and decay as expounded by our Great Teacher, Lad Buddha. It is only by adhering to tEawe psinciples that ue an find solutions ta thh prublams that the whole ot unkind 4zonfronts taday. (aontinued in English) Mr. Preaideat, we ate meeting to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the birth of the united Nation& on this occasion, it is both a*lia and appropriate that you preside over this General Aaaembly. The raouperative aapaaity and endurance of your nation, Spain, encourage ua all. Sri Lanka welcome8 your elevation to preside over our deliberations. The United mtiona Charter represent8 the higheat ideals of amkind. By design, accident or coincidence, the Charter enahrinea seven aonditiona of corrunal stability promulgated by Lord Buddha a little over 2,500 years ago. These seven Conditions are known aa Sapta Warihaniya Dhama - the seven noble principles to prevent deterioration and decline. A nation which follow8 thea will prosper rather than turble over the precipice of decline. It advocate8 harnonioua aarembly, peaceful consultation, negotiated ~promiae , recognition of valuer and traditiona, adhereto moral principle8 , uphoMing the honour and wisdom of eldera, and the from movemmt of paoplea ktwwn realma. iu a natiar camittad to thoaa noble pri!Wipleaa, m in Sri Lmka ho&I the United Sation in high eataa. aonfrontation. We are livibg a&&t fosaea of hoga and deepsir. ‘pbehnology Ems offered out wgsfd mmtetial tmwffta of unprecedented magnitude. We are deliaat%ly balmeud CIB the e&a of the dreadful abyaa, a vaat usbartered depression inhabited by the abdcma of nuclear holocaust, senseless violence and ma88 starvation. Yet* these a&&Saw8 ooweal a greatw and more frightening truth - that we wrselvea are the architects of these fearful prorrigrata‘ (Nr. Presadasa, Sri Lanka) %&at haa gone uroag? Rave we failed to harwwrire ous mterial prosperity with moral fortitude? Aze we not blessed by Mother Nature with sufficient resources to meet the needs of the entirety of mankind on this planet? Prank Euchaan once said that there vas enough in the world for everybody’s need, but not for everybody’s greed. He asked, .If everybady oared enough, uould not everybody have enough?’ 1s this not true? It vas Lord Buddha vb eapundad the universal truth that the mot cause of all sorrow and all fear is greed. Even though ve have cm together as a vorld body, are ve caring for and sharing with aach other? IS this not the crisis we are facizq today? If 80, is not this crisis aoral rather tban economic? sf ve resolve the mral crisis, will not the economic crisis resolve itself? Throughout the history of the United Nations humanity has lived under the drsadful sh&ou of the rapidly increasing nuclear mchanisu of destruction and the conventional arms race. The destructive capscity of the nuclear arsenals ire eati.mated to b% 6,000 tiur that of all the fire power of the Second World War. Global military eapandftures are rapidly approaching SUS 1,000 billion annually. St is irbdeed a miracle that t&e world h&s hen apared the misery and the near total daatmctiun of a third vorfd war The full ore&t for this must gm to the ttnited Nations. 1 m%%d not eaphasiae tkm imrality of the odlctseat mpenditure on arsarrants in a world vith warce reaourcsea that is ycarnirsg for dewsbpnmt and huaan eurvtvrl. Beyond the aleseat& mmgnaas of these outlays ate three derivative cOflCetna. They are thy fatatity of vcaapcms accuwlation, tb5 corsxmtratfon of destructive power in the hmds of a few nations md the diversion of scarce rekzources and talents into th% h3ustry of death. All tieso% cwdd r%oult in t)l% ex&fnCtfon of himtan fife and add ta human &privatAcm. Wahetxsa GandhUI exptgteamd ttlir fn the? follcwing noxdst (Hr. Premdaaao Sri Lanka) We at the -aera AsHlbly have a unaue aggortunfty to remind the nuclear 8upor-power8 of their spwial roqmmtiility for the asu raae and of their fmdameatal obligationo oon0erafng pea-. Within a feu days Phe leadera of the United State0 of keriaa and the Soviet Unions will be meeting in &nova. It ir not our deriro to intrude m bilateral di8au88ion8. Emever, to the extent that those diaausaiam also affect our lives, !.t fr hperativo tbit the voiao of all peace-loving State8 ba baud, and hoard aleArly. (Hr. Peematlaea, Sri Lanka) Iat U8 not ai thi8 opgortunity. Lot us reoolve hate and nowI firmly and alearly, to present a qmaial ewrgenuy resolution to President Reagan and General 8earetary Gorbaahev. I& u8 by resolution appeal to them to recognise the most volatile situation faced by the ouper-Parers and the benefits that will accrue to thea%elves and the whole of mankind from diverting such military outlays to gsaoeful and buamitarian effort81 to agree to a reduction of military expenditure by 10 per cent eaoh year for five oonsecutive year8 begi~ing fraa 1986-87; to aQQly a 8ignificant portion towards the reduction of the international debt of the poorer nations. Let u8 accmpt this resolution with ainiaum debate and raxirur &ipport, Let ud empower the Secretary4Zeneral to carry this message to Geneva and report to us on ita KOCeQtiOfL I appeal to all peace-loving Member States to join me in this urgent aetion for peace. What e seek ir not Barely the rehare of around Us8 60 billicm for annual debt ralieft uhat we want is an investment to uteguard and improve life. What we offer f8 tha Imginnfng of a w global paat between theme who have tmtCe8 and tbme vtso represent the pelitiar;l und mmeutaldl m8rket-pkfer of the future. Wkdk W bE8ttd i8 M Wld tQ8 ~8tslrWkreb3'th~ 8WUrfty Of the #tRy b8 hO8tage tOt.hS ad3itim8 of a few. To the leaders of the euper-Power8 we ssy t.hRfet & not make your consi4eration 01: acoqihnee of our grro-poaal eohdftional on reciprocity, fIa9e the aourwa to break the esca&ttfng cycle of the arm8 raw. wh8t you way I.086 rallfLarily you will gein fn the gcmdwill of the peqledl and the nsrtione around the world. Am3 goodwill. is a grtiater murce af strength than omnments, a great6t incentive for ccri5we~ce iziid Lnveetmnt than babs, a qrwateS bond of gd.itic%E Mr. Presadaea, Sri Lanka) Forty years ago, when the Unitad Nationo uac) ~o~ai~wI, the definition Of international violenae w&e largely roetrioted to conventional forma of var. In reaent timer new mlignmwies have e%panded thnt BefinitiOno The twin ..~:oblema of terroriom and drug abuee have emerged 80 the two 6courgee of our time. It i8 a aad cmntary on our time that these two ecourger are intertwined and mutually supportive. Terrorha, whioh hae lrade life insecure for amy a peaoe-loving nation, goes hand in hand with the tranrport and prarotion of narccatfua and dangerous drugs. These in turn are nurtured and nwr18had by the armr trade. We live in an age of international terrorism in which aggression entirely within the bounaariee of a nation state is often impfred and 8umtained by external network* of l pp6rt, as all members know. Bijackings, political murder& dartruction of life and property, with the de&wed goal of aetitabiliring legitirate 6overnment8, are n# regular oocurrences. q?en aocietiem which cherirh individual liberties are partiaularly vukmr8ble and are meet easily threatened bY aot8 of terror iam We in Sri tanka r%#ak fram the vantage-poknt uf our own 8&d l xperfema. A gull group et ktrorLts who b&ieve in the bullat and mot in the ballot and hnps remr843 shelter outsida w bor%err have aaused irraasarable harm * imouent men, women an4 ahflaren, They have tkteearated rhrfnss a& murdered griaws and nunsr 8t&nlce and ta&err, the sick sn8 the aged. bicarce re8uuraes have had to beg diverted fro0 vitally needed develcpumt proj#te to ill-affordable meurfty purpueerri. E&ah and every significant politfaal party, be it of the Government or G-m trgpaa:ftion, hat c&w%4 terrorZ198, and yet it &wreiate. (Hr. Prenrdaea, Sri Lanka) 9s a humm being I have a feelirrg of hame. X think that what the terrorists are doing all over the world ia not only a prime, but alao an aat of cowardice. ’ I would like to propose the follaring steps to wipe the arroriet menace fropl this globe. Let us resolve that an international conferencze on terrorism be convened with a view to formulating an international plan of action to eliminate terrorin frcm this globe. Let us join together in a true spirit of liberty, equality and justice, pool all our resource8 and take collective action through the establishmmt of an international agency emitted to the total eradication of ter rot ism. Stark poverty, with its aanifold consequencea , continues to haunt a major section of mankind. llunget and disease, aggravated by natural catastrophea, have plunged entire populationa into untold misery. nillionr of people without the minimum neans of livelihood and without &equate food and shelter wait redress. Uembera are aware that a large portion of the the and energy of the united t+ations has been fouused on letiing irmtea in the areas of ecaxmiu de9elogment a3d equity. B&B 8te iMv at tha aid-point of the ‘PRfrb lMvelOp5ent DaMade. mre than 10 years ago an earlier General Assembly oalled for the creation of a tIsnr internatiatmt soolwrric ariSer. The high optiaiea of tboee times hae given way to a aen8e of despair a8 results have ken painfully olau in coming forth. Hany nations, espwially the poorer ones, have sbignated, or even retrogressed , rather than progreased in resent years. There are t6anY raasons for this eustenance of backvardnese. The flow of capital has beem limited. Industrial goods have ooat more. Industrial markets have contracted. Currencies have fluctuated widely. liigh taehnology has rrduced th4 canparative advantages of labour. Accaaa to major markets for goods 50 thraatened through grQw5ng protectionism. comodity priC4s have been unf avourabla. This bL-ak economic landecapc is darkenad by the donbinancu of recession throughout the uokld for more than a &cad6. &61l.UK and poorer COUtri46 like 85nu f641 thct36 blows with 4Xtr486 64VUrity. ~4 do not have a cuahian of financial reaurves to soft4n our uconcmic hardshipa. The cumulative rerult 58 tbt tha third world faces a grave dargur, the danger of 6conaic r4c!oloniration. W4 ar6 thrratenad with the las control mar our 4conom5c destiny. Several oonditionr -tribute bewily to this dependent rituatioo. The debt burden of tbe poor aountriarr im vell in exaeu of Sf15) 806 billion. The debtor I / nations are not in a pasition to honour int4rsst psymants, let alone amortisation of capit%l. Thoole countrfea hav4 three, altsrtmtivest enforcaeant of extrem4 / austsrity, unilatctrat oollsctiv4 default or mutually 4gr44d tsackedulfng of 0bligatiOnS. We 6m a War resch4&uling of obligations a6 thr aost uffcctive amI fair r4sponae. HWev4r, 4uch a r4sch4duling should bs part of an ovatall global wxm3i55c adjustamt. I.& us r45CdV6 ta app@%l to all rich c~u~ttriu.~ to treat this a% a &att62 Of grave uKg%nCy. L4t this %cc-datbon include recone5d6ratfon of intere%t S%~US, an fnc~esse in th4 grant: csiqxmant of ass5~tanca, ogganizat5on of new capital flow8, l tabiliaation of clity price8 and currencies and guaranteed aacea8 to IPatketa. Rive years ago@ w-hen i addressed the thirty-fifth sassian of the General Assembly of tbe United Nations, X proposed the declaration of M international year of shelter for the hcmaless. That proposal has since been accepted by the world cmunity and the year 1987 ha8 been dedicated to that purpose. When ssme people speak of housing and shelter they tend to give a restrictive interpretation, greatly underestimating its real benefits. m them, housing and shelter aeau only a mre tout above their keada. This is a aisconception. lolls ing not only provides protection from the elements but also shelters all the factor6 that go to ilprwe the quality of life of individuals, who forr the families. Families make up wcietiea, and socktier build up to nations. Nation8 finally constitute the global colunity. That is why I consider housing to be not only a basic hunn need but also a key to human development. In essence, housing is central to the fulfilment of man’s aspirations to a better life. Beslth and sanitation, agriauLtur8, tndus try, glplcfymeht , yater supply and enoitcumehtal quality - all these faaors which ga to 4rove W*I living oonditfons taMergo qualitative changes with houaing devekrplant. fn this mannerr housing will provids the initfativu and drive for total development, both phyeical and human. Addressing the eighth see&on of td5 United ratfone Comfeaion on Human %ettlements, held in Kingston, Jdl~~i~a, in April 1989, f appealed to the world csarawlnity to consi6er the eot%bliohrPent of a global housing and shelter brvlk which vould czhbitmsl intanatfsnal selloucceo into local progr 6 end place fundlfng anA paymtntr on a sound BinmcirZ foum¶atfon. I appealed fur 1 per cent of miEftoty sutloys es be divarted for housing. (Mr. Premadaaa, Sri Lanka) One the even of the International Year OF Shelter for the -leaa, 1987, let US t@d@diC8te OY?%~lVS3 t0 th CWS3 Of Zih6lt6:. kt ~6 canvass ntcadily for the establiohmnt of a global housing and shelter bank for the benefit of the millions who have no roof8 over their heads, empacially in tha developing countries. The actual acccaplishaents of the United Nations have been considerable, but they are not enough. Many brave and skilful aetn and women, led by five dedicated Secretaries-General, have served thin Organization well. Yet overall performance measured against the expectations an% the possibilities has been, from our viewpoint, lees than satisfactory. Many point out that thie institution is only a8 rtrong as the collective commitaant of all its Membees. Other6 claim that law without the capacity for enforcement is enfeebling. Some perceive the imperfections and liaitationr of our Charter and call for its revision. West obeervera criticfze a groaning and overlapping bYtewCraCy in which the means have overtaken the ends and the eetablishasnt has svalhufd the ob)cative#. Several saaltet Bttmber States believe that the presetwe of the veto is both unfiwmcratte ard SlrUws for obstrwrtion of ma jotity oiews. There are SignifiCTcutt elements of &muraey in eu!h of U%se ass%tti&ns. If we are to sake the United IWAons a word effective Working body, 8&m&m States must address these shoreooatings. Yet in -aany ways rhey ate eys#xms of a doper afflictions f believe that a more etxtect petccptioPt of the protractive and etagnating t%n%%wfo6 that chdtracterfre the Unitard tlatFons in that its problem rriw prtlaarfly frcza a lack of lea%erohtp. mr mny years, the Wade of Government of Umber States have allowed a devaluation of the united Nations to ocaur. Diplaetic representation, however competent, is no substitute for the personal preeenue and active involvement of those vim lead national administrations. If the United Nations is to realise it8 full potential, power muet reinforce diplmCy- I propose that each year on the eve of the general Assembly an informal and closed session of Heads of Goverment takes place. Such meetings, if developed into a regular tradition, could examine the met critical items before the Generel Asse&ly and arrive at some coneensus. A review of the operations of the United Nations itself could &come k feature of those gatherings. In that way, leaders with hational decision-making authority vould bring that authority to the level of international decision making. If ve vant to make the United Nations vork, we must work at Raking the United Nation@. I urge that the Secretary-General soon convene a small group of qualified persons to examine the feasibility of irplarentinp this ptopoaal. Tha pethway to the future presents u8 vith the sme choice that the world faced in 1545 - the olroffae hetueen life and death. tf the trend of the pest ie the destiny of the future, we nay survive but wa shall mot prevail. Xf em have the raoral determination to engage in oelf-examinatfon ve CM crtterum our flaw3 and expand our vision. We am then supplesent our knowledge with the viwloa that laade UE tf3 an age of peace and prosperftY. He at the United Nationr must strive hasd and rededicate oureetvea *to f&e cr%aeion of a varld in vbi,-h x!ich hations helg developing ones and bfg natlOhs do not bully malt ones*, as eloquently put by Richard Lfvfng~ime. Those of us who are in search of truth and non-violence find refuge in the teachings of the Great Bautaara the Buddha. The life and the thought of the (Ht. Premadasa, Sri Lanka) Enlightened One evoke a blessing that is particularly appropriate for thio ocuaeion and which f ahall share with yout May all beige he well and happy. Mr. R. Pteladaea, Priae Minister of the Demcratia Soclaliat LchpriC or’ Sri Lanka, was escorted from the rcsttun. The PRESIDENT (inbtrpretatioc fro6 Spanish) t Th% nact speaher is the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Special Envoy of the Ooverment of the King& of NOtway, Mr. Svenn Stray. Mr. STRAY (Mcrway)r The founders of the United Watioes envisioned a world Organisation that would harmnite the actions of nation8 and prevent war through a global system of collective security. Var tcus nachinrr ies and procedures were established for settling dispute@ between State&. The Security Council vas given the authority to apply the military and nm-xilitary measures required. Prcvieicms for the use of that authority were laid dcun in the Charter- Unfortunately, develvents since then have proved the difficulty of fulfilling those goals and expectations. The mit6d W%tiOW won cam t0 CeflNt the dtvisivenesn of dl troubled world. It rtbe reoognimd right tress the h#nnfng, bv*g, that fnk8rmtii#&f ps8u8 and stability is mxsthing maze than 8 mra ahwnce of wmd ueaflict. ft requites jubitice end fair social wnditions far all. i&s find rscognition of that faut exgree23ed in Article 1 of the Charter, which declares th5t one of th6 purposes of the united Datfcma is *To achieve intarnational cu-cpsraticm in sulving interndbtisRa1 piwbPtna8 Of an ecmic, mfair cuLtutla1, or huammitarian cha~aacter, and in prcmting aid encour~ireg roq%ct for W&m kighta and fcr: fundateental freedoms for all withcut distinction ar to race, sex, language, or reltgiool.” The United Hatfens has in t&is eoofxxt &iwed fsportmt result~l in thy fields sf health, education snd oeiertce, eranepote and ccxmmicatione, the cam and (Hr. Stray, Norway) proteation of refugeea, the aatt of children, h&man rightm and labour relation& to mention just a few. Paet experitnct ha8 proved that global co-operation is not beyond human capability. Global aolutionr, oan indeed be designed and made to work. The United Naticns has existed and funationed in a eocio-pol.itical environment which has undttgant revolutionary and fundamental changea. We have witnessed geopolitiaal, technologicaL economic and 8ooial uhangas of historic igortance in a glOba fsltiteXt. The Organitatfon has played a significant trola fh the dtcolcnization process and the new nations have , with a few exceptions, quickly taken their rightful place in the Organixation. The United Nations has today become the natural meting-place for the corrunity of nation& Our Secretary-General has encouraged all Hexbar States to use the fortieth annfvcr8ary of the United Nation6 a6 an occasion to tecouit thtrrelves to the goals and objectives of the Charter. Such a rtcumitrtnt implies above all that we abi& by the daciaiona taken by the captttnt organ8 of the United bations, particularly thme relating to the paaceiuf. mttltmtnt of disputes and the uintenawe of international pace and etaurfy. An erarim of t&e authmity of the Or-gmiaatFon in this field is detrimental to all of urn. Ntaomitsatnt also bqslier that w refrain from iaisusfng the united Nstfonr and ite organs for short-sighted national political wafns. In our era of grcwhg political and aoonoaic interdtpmdence, in vhich fnterrwtiond daision making has ktecm s&ore difficult and aore coasp%ex, all. naticns - small and large - hrrve a stake In etrengthening the United Bations and making it as affe-tive and rrepmsivta a6 goesible. This is a ahallenqe to use the Ntarbst States, a,td to the Sseretary-Genezal and hi@ staff.* * bfr. AgbJius (Halta), Vice-President, txx3k tha Chair. (Mr. StraY, Norway) lb aohieve thir us ahall all bsve to display a high dsgrse of fsaliss, show reegeot and understanding tot differing viewpoints and act in a spirit of compromise and w-operation. We have to recognise that vieupointe and interests differ from nation to nation and that no country aan claim that its solution is the only valid one. To dinregard thi8, to mke inteaporate desndo and to aim for the unachievable 18 to invite struggle and confrontation. Suoh a awrse of action will not only cauw deadlock, frustration and bitterne88: it will erode and do damage to the concept 4nd mh8ni8ius of global mperatioti. My Government, together with the other Nordic Govetn#nts, has submitted several proposals and idea8 for strengtheni ,g the Organiratfon. Our attention has f itst and foremost bsen focu8ed on the Securrty Council md the off ice of the Sectetary-General, for the purpose of making the United Wationa a more effective inotrursnt for the saintsnance of international prace and wcurity. Our views coincide to a hrge e%tent with those ewpremsed by the hcret8ry-Gen~ral in his annual report8 to tha Gsnsr81 ksmbly. W 8upport his effort8 to 8trongthen the peace-keeping 8nd peaoe-*rking o8pabtlity of hi8 ottiae. Ue &d support norf frequent use by th# akarcltarY-=Wkeraf of his good otftm md his powers under Attiels 99 of t&e Charter to bring situations threatening the asfntenanae of intatnstimal miwe and ssmrity to tba attention of t&3 %eeurfty Cuunail. We would %nuwrage ths dsvslopmsnt of a widsr anQ mxe systsmatia aapsaity for the Secw3tary-Gemera~ for fact-finding fn gstsnttal wnflict areas. We btoul~5 also enaourage the aimbets of the Security Ccwncil to oontfnua to wttsiaer the pfoeedural and eutoetantive a&p~~ts of the Cauncil*s work. The stmmmts m& during the Council*e rainisterlal imiitinq four weeks ago ought to proviae a bash for pmgcesr tn the efforta to hI5pgoV8 the cocOneil*e, work. In the a3ae Velrir the stateiaents wade durPng the cuurm of this annfvermty d*bat8 COuiU prOVi.Ua Bn 0pprPunity ILo glv-3 a plLtital. hgoLce to aconwnic isouset (Mr, Stray, Norway) a8 well. Ln this ammotion I would suggest, for consideration, that the Searetary-Ganecal bs rsqusstsd to proparr a report on the msny proposals and ideas presented. Such a report could provide the basis for a spaaial seesion of the Economic and Social Counoil at W s.ini&rial bvsl to take camrets wtion. lUe, the acmmunity of nations, are living through a diftioult period in international affairs. We are experimcing major structural ahanges in the world econtmyr iapottant shifts in glotml and regional relationshim, a revolution tn technorogy and comunicat:ons, thre8ts against the planet’s ecological balance, and the increasing use of terrer against innocent civilian8 - to rntion only same of the characteristics of our time. Msny of today’s problem8 can be solved arly through multilateral cooperation. This constitutor both a challenge to and an opportunity for the United Nations. Ws Sifbcoreiy hop0 that tba Organisation vi11 emerge from the prownt period of l valuation and consolidation with renewed strength and vigour. On tbat basis, snd an the buio of a wxe realistic aesasmmt on tbo part of the llrrbrr Ststes OF the possibilities md limitstions of ths United Natiuns, the Orgukitrtion will emtinue to play its rightful rols in gmw8tfng idsan a8 ad gwmoting solutlcrP,r tee may at the prrssinp issues on the gkbat agenda. TM N0m5gi&n t%OVernUnt Will do it8 UWt to prm mwb s dewelepmsnt . i ?!&a neat spesker is the Hinist8r for Foreign Affairs and Bpecfal Emmy of the Brertdant of the Rsvolutionaty titoun;ciL of the beascrrtio R%public of Afgkaniataii, IsiS !zm%mA3nw tit. shah BIG Dent. I B@b? uati un him. Nrr POST (Afghani5tan) 1 Petty years agot as a result of the gseatast war effort ever undertaken by fasn fur tha defence of freedom and huaran vahaeg, #itPsrfte fasctam and Japanese militarisa VBILQ brought to their knees. The gr8Unt ViCtinty W&3 ~h%%Q%d, i-l6%2Q%E, tit il h4lPQ~ CtXtl tens of ariPPtcmB of human jingo &tcLd mcf thsuusmda of cftfes, twns arxl villaglat3 ruined. The catastrophic (Mt. Dtxt, Afghanfetan) proportiona of tt~ death and deva8tation left behind kw the was vero indaed a *hooking expotience, leaving no doubt in the nindo of reapanaible people that if man wera to live in happiness, if his aiviliaation am3 lateriS and SpiritMl achievements were to aurvivo and flourish, it was neaeasary to eliminate the possibility of another uat. &at of that realisation 0am the end of the greatest ordeal mm had ever gone through and the birth of the United Netions. Xta Charter ambodied ta8 lofty how0 and arpirationa of all mankind for a eafer and better world for all. Unfortunately, hmever, the Charter - a mc8t eignftcant international docurmat representing the transcendent interest of all Member States - is not yet fully irpl.emmd, owing to the lack of political will on the part of irperialim and its inclination uwarda unilateralism for the pursuit of narrou-•in&d and short-nighted melt-interest at the l xmw of other nations. lootwithatanding the negative paition of 4erialilr, the general trend of events in the world arena mince tbo war has been touarda the achievewnt of the lofty i&ala an the b88ia of wbiah tha United blatMrk8 ~8 &m&d, The aurgew of rho eaeia1ist wity *a an inUoatt*lr tortteaa of game pad pmwr8m and e atawwh 8rpporter of th8 tWigAd urb aufkl librr8tion ~uveaemta helped, to a great extent - through itr poltay of peaoeful aeaxfoteme end UWW2.e - the istruggle for the attafnasnt of the &jectiver of the Unital Hations. (Mr, Do8t, r)fghanietanl The decolmiution prow55 5ez in aotion by the United Katiom a quarter of a century ago tecwlted in the breslring up of the nilitarirt colonial ayater, bringing 5ooret5 of neu rovereign l4ambero to tbo Orgmitation. TM5 ha5 enha& the role in uorld affairs of tk United Wationm a5 a truly uaiver5al body. By denying i5poriali5a opportunities to inplerant its policies of intimidation and diktat, the Mvement of aion-AT;gned Cmntriea h55 assieted the United #ations w bring about 8ignifiomt oon&n5u8 on yny topical i88ue8 before the Organisation. The peaoe movessnt, ROY a world-wide phenorencm, ha8 broken ideological and political bstrierr in the course of its struggle to end the arm5 race and achieve disarmament. It 18 mgrettable thst ue 8hould k celebr5ting trie fortieth anniversary of tba l rtablirhmt of thir Organiution at 5 tiw when , a5 a re5ult of the policy of 5ll-out carfronutim and the mbribled arms race purmm% by imperialimm, the world is tottering precariourly on the s&e of tba aby of nucleef catmtrophe, which threaten8 not arty thewhole of aieili5ati.o5,botal5o the wry exirtenoe of any fum sf life on earth. wothing aould be fortbat fta tba ararer and ibeau of the author5and signakeriso of #5 United tbtioas Charter:. TWu5md5 upon tbas55ndr of de5dly ntoeleair ~b-5~ infinitely aore devaetatinq than tke tuo brmb8 dmpped on the Yapmesa &tie% of Biroshime and Wagasakt, iwe being maaufwituted end added to the awearwnal8 of the workA. Moreover, it mea5 that the l5nd, water and air of t&e planet Earth may IY) tongsr be sufficient to satisfy ttntte% Stat55 isperiali5m's cteae for piling up ever greater se81115 of Em35 5Mihfl5tton. Plans sre alrea%y un%vr way to turn Quter space tnto a Unftad Btates raflftary sroerpaf. DA% ‘rear ware* plan is nut an irs~rnt %efenofv% initiative, BE its prc@ommt~ would like b10 fzo believe, brt an fi-&spKtbly Sanq;itcz&i;e hirgg !&ii ih azbsa hive bes5iyned f9 achieve miiifury Wr. Dost, Afghanistan) The *star uarnm plan8 being pursued in the face of Soviet propctals on iMemational co-operation in the peaceful exploitation of outer space under conditions of its non-ailitariaation, and its declafatioh of moratoriums on the deployment of nuclear raapons in Burom and on the testing of all nuclear weapons, as vet1 as the praisevorthy proposal by the Soviet Union for a utual 50 per cent reduction in the number of nuclear rissiles capable of reaching each other’s territory, are going to add a very dangerous diwhsfon to the already abomindle and unjustifiable arms ta% conducted by the United States iqwialisa throughout the last four decades. Tbe arms race, although the mst dangerous factor, is unfortunately not the only manifestation of the deteriorating sitp*ation in the vorld in which the United Naticms functions. ?rcm South-East Asia to &uth-Ueat A8ia and the whole Indian Ocean, from Palestine and the Widdle East to South Africa and Namibia, and fro8 Central America to the vbole of I&tin Uerica, 4erialist policies, aided and abettad in certain parts of the world by tbegeumism and local l toogas, have not only brc#rgbt abut bl.ocMs&d aad dettruatfw but have also frpatred the ability of the united MEtLoM to adapt on b8la.f of em fnternetiotw -ity effective 8aasutes aMed at putting sn enB to sggtessbm and oaoupation and at oorzecttfng past injusttcer. fn spite of the aamendabl6 aotivftiss of the United wstions in providing assistance to tbe devalq5ivkt effofts of “63-e devtlopt3kg a3ui-&rfe6, the vorld ecoounfc situation leaves much to be desired. The bur&n of foreign debt and debt eervfcfng, tegether vith the disadvantages of the gresent internatiooal tacxwtary syst%a, have aagped the limited finonclal pxential of these countries for seinveot.e%nt am3 ec-fc grovth. kid yet the advanced capitalist cowtrfa~ cemtinrae bn the United Nat9cme to oppose the est.abLis nt of a new and just internariurai eb’oll6~~i~ C&%X. (Hr. f&et, Afghanistan) that a lot remains to be done to give effsot to the valuable provisioner of the Charter. In the Dencxratic Republic of Afghanistan the viaeory of the national demctatic April revolution under the leadership of the People’s Uewcratic Party of Afghanistan ho brought ahout the conditions necossaty to do away with the grin legacy of the past. The revolution, which arose from the feudal and pre-feudal conditions cbsracterired & the oppresrim and exploitation of the masses, fra the failure of the ruling classes to solve urgent social and economic problems, and from the poverty, di8eau, illiteracy and ignorance which had been the lot of the Afghan people, has already brought angible results in transforming tne life of the people of Afghanistan. The last phaee8 of the just and demxeatfc land and water reforms are being successfully i8plmnted all over tbe country. In spite of thr destructive un&a&red u3r ag*inst revelutkrury hfghanfat~, eeanmia gtosth has alre&sy sutpamed the levels of the pre-tsvdutisrury years AIR! muret of -ia projeats have he8n launch6d. The aampaign against illiteracy has already eaabled ~bte than a rilliun people to read and vrit6. St&ucational institutions have beer4 any and free @ablic health sentioea have been increased. The new revolutiamry orfiler has ensured ubder the laor the deswutatic rights aud fretis of the individual and &43 full quality of all the natfcinalitk6, tribes and ethnic group3 of the country, Revolutionary demcxatfc legality has been ensured. Pull fre of religious beliefs and rites and resgeet foi: the sacred rsligim of Islam, safely em3htfmxI in the fund-ntal ~ptfrxcfgles of the Dmaxatic ReepubIic of Afghanistan, ace strictly observed, and the tu91. eqa&.ity ef woeen with men hero i3wm gutsrslnteed by Paw. 04c c Ibat, Afghanistan) Tim recent Lwa Jirsah, or grand aauembly of the maple, in ubiah aore than 2,000 elected rspresentativer from every corner of the country participeted, once again deacmatrahd tbe popular nature of our revolutionary State. The Jimah discussed in a demcratic ataosphere the &oath and foreign policy of the State and gave it its seal of approval. The High Jfrgah of the Tribes, with the participation of wet 3,YW reprenentat9veo Fcoa t.be vho& tribal area, dealt with the urgent question of ensuring the mcurity of our borders and adopted very iaportant deciaianr m variers national i8oues and cm peace and security. Unfortunately, bowever, we have not baan able 80 far to work touardrr achieving the noble goal@ of our revolution in conditions of peace. The undeclared war hposad on the people of Afghanistan by imperialism, begeunrism and the revolutionary forces of the regim hae forced us to allocate coneiderable human and financial reaourcea, which are bedly nee&d for the attainmnt of our pwceful human gorje, to the defence of the independenae, national eoverefgnty and tsrrit0tia.l integrity of our couatry. The enodes of our revobtti, after all their futile efterts, l r* * yet redy to aaw ta grips rrti%a reatbty. They are nut yet reaty to ktnUers%md tb simple fact that the rwmbttfonary procfuea~ in hfghmistan is irreversible. The free-born and valoruaar people of hfghanistan, through their heroic defence of their revol\rtlen, bav% prw%d tbt tao evfl p%w%r 3oi earth is capable sf Mkinq theta abandon the path they ha* &own for th%ir happbness and the heppineas of the ctotafng gerberatims of the llfghan nation. (Ht. DoIt, Afghanietan) It uould be uim if OUT neighboura uho have opted for confrontatioa a&ndoned their unproduotive end daagcroue approach for one conduaive to emuurity, stability and trenquillity for all our peoples. They should keep uppernast in their minds the interebta of their peopleo, uhioh are beat served by peace and owoperation, not by confrontation and hostility . The enemies of our people are trying to use the United Nation8 a8 Q forum for interferiog in the inteLnai affaira of our country. An inmediate end should be put to suah hortile attempts. The Demxratic Republic of Afghanistan ha5 sincerely end courtructively participated in the Geneva talks, through the intermediary of the United Nations Socrrtary-General and his representative, to facilitate the achievemnt of a political rettlemnt. T?M best way in which such a rettlement could be achieved ie oertainly through direct talks. Fra thi8 roatrm uo rhould like to meke the following eppeel to our oeighbourm let ua ccmpete in oomtructive work, in building our countries and in raising the living atandards of our people. We invite them to face up to that ebaltenqa and a&8&a th path of ooctfrontatlon, whfoh brings nothing but siwry 4md wwte of preh3kw rmcwrms. &ii us teat this rggKorah ad tarta its fruits. What is mrckd is politiusl wiedar an tIw pert d the rutleg attales of neighbouring aountrks, whicrh dictates thet they sbwld abm&m timir intrmsigenae in fmmur of direct and rinuerc negotiations arimed at remhing an early political euiuti6n. Ttuth and jurrtioe ege on OUE side. That lo why w at% strot afraid to sit davn at the negotiating table. ashy are others afraid of direct talks? The Ueuratfo ftepublfc of AfghMistan, as a free , independent and non-alfgn6d coufltry, through its own free and irpdependent judgemmt Mt world ii3fwes, fe firsly c ftted to the mime and purposs of tha united tUttime mnd ta tM riartw and ptlnciplas of its chettet. ALongetQe peace-loving, pe0geesstv5 hwanity, we shall Let ua work in unity and redouble our efforts fosr the cause of peace. In peace and peaaetul co-operstion we aan live and caexiet. b peam we uan proeper md pmgreeo and enaure ollr happiness and the baPpineoP1 of coning ~enrr~ationr. The meting rwe at 1.35 p.m.