A/40/PV.54 General Assembly

Before calling on the first speaker, f should like to urge representatives, in accordance with Annex V, paragraph 71 of the rules of procedure, to speak in the order of their inscription on the list of speakers , on the understanding that those prevented from doing so Will be UXN& to the end of the list for that day, unless they have arranged it to change places with other representatives. Mr. WALTERS (United States of America): We all know the meaning of apartheid: deliberate, systematic, institutionalized racial discrimination -denying South Africa’s black people their God-given rights. America’s view of apartheid is simple and straightforward: we believe it is wrong. We condemn it. And becav se we live by Lincoln’s words - “NO person is good enough to govern another without the other’s consent” - all Americans are Jnited in hoping for the day when apartheid will exist no more. (Hr. Walters, United States) The history of the United States is one of struggle againet all f~nim Of racial, cultural and poEftica1 kntolersnce. Cue Constitution resolutely forbids intolerance and our commitment to equalfty and freedoa does not end at Our bOr&rs;. We oppose political and econoplfc aysterarr based upon the self-proclaimed right of any race, religion, tribe, clan or economic or political elite to rule over and oppreee other peoph. such elitist orders produce misery ana refugees, many of whom bring their talents and energy to open sodities, including my own. My country can thus only reject apartheid, and we are working towards the elimlnation of this unjust and unjustifiable taystem. The question has never been whether apartheid should end - all of us recognise that it is doom8 - but how to end it while realizing the democratic aspirations of South Africa’s people. The policy of the United States, outlined in dozens of addresses before this and other bodies and most recently by Preeident Reagan on 9 September, ie to prc@ote pPraPtive and peaceful change that will lead to a system in South Africa based on the coneent of all those governed by it. We want to encourage change that a55ute5 rather than destroys South Africa’s future, I should also point out that the United States believes that apartheid will not be undone by demagogic poeturing and aloganeering. Exhortatione to bloody revolution, Calls for mandatory eahctiona and hypocritical talk about liberation from the leaders and representatives of some nations that deny liberty to their own people will not bring Peace and justice to millions of South Africans. Ending apartheid is a task that demands more than hot rhetoric, no matter how @WtiohaUy satisfying that may be, That is the spirit of President Reagc;n’s Executive Order of 9 September. The measures he announced then, which will go into force by the end of this year , are aimed at specific areas: the apparatus and symbols of apartheid. They are designed to deprive the GovernmeM of South Africa of any direct or indirect United States support in maintaining its police, military (Mt. Walters, United States] and ar?artheid-etiorcing Wructure and, equally @?ortant, they coovlrft the United Status to suutuining (I strong ptaeence in South Africa a! a baeia from which to exert influenue for obahge. Ths United stateo Gmmmuunt is taking concrete steps t.0 emurage United States businesses and entragreneura to seek an end to the discriminatory labour and employment practices of apartheid md we shall greatly hXeaSe our econslnic assfstance for the education and training of disadvantaged South Africans and our support to peaceful opponenta of aprartheid through our human rights progxame. SOme might argue that this ie not enough, that those’ improvenrents are only econotic and do not represent political gains. This reainds me of the artioim that one of the lessons of history is that we do not remember the lessons of history, One of those lessons is surely that economic and political freedoms are inextricably linked. It is exactly this hope for real improvement in their lives that has brought so many people to South Africa - black and white - and that rPOW . i4?els an unstoppable push for political change in that country. Others call for destructive, punitive sanctions, arm and more violence. We want jobs, better housing and health programmes. We want free&m of association, aud of movement, and all the other political rights and economic freedoms that allow the individual, rather than the Cc verment, to choose his way of life, We take this approach because we Americans are builders, not destroyers. Our averment is actively presedng for democratic, peaceful change in 6~~1th Africa. So too are our founBation8, our labour unions, our universities, our corporations. We wnnt our every link with South Africa to be dedbcoted to the purpose of bringing constructive influence to bear on that country. In other word8, we are striving to Utilize every instrument of peaceful change in South Afsdca to the benefit of the cowwn cause: the ending of apartheid and the creation of a political trrocess in which all South Africans can participate freely. (Hr. Waltere, United Statee) ‘Phi0 we do because anofpler leoson or hiutory iu that we cannot retreat rrrwr a10 the difficult and coqhx moral choicrru in the wild. We AfmPoano have accepted the hard reality that out pasafomnte corulitment to moral principles can be no cubstitute h a oound foreign plfay. The choice for us, however, is not between moPall principle8 and the nationa interest but between moral pninciplee divorced Sr:ora political reelfty ‘and l~ocal principles anchored in political reality. Fart of that reality i@ t&at progress towaad~ democrmy and greater freedoar around the world my be slower than we would like. If we UBB our power to pueh non-democratic St&err too far and too fmt we orey deWoy the hope8 for greater free&m. What we see in South Africa is the beginning of a proceee of change. The change8 in offiaial policy are plainly inadequate but, irronically, they heve been enough to raise expecttione and impel deaaands for fundacmntal reform such aa we all dee ire. This fundamental change will ccaur - there can be no doubt abcut that. All Americans aze disturbed by the trend of events in South Africa. The violence and official regreesion will not lead to serious negotiatione over a new political future for that country. A cause of hope ia that South Africa is not a totalitarian society. Every day we see example8 of outspoken protest and accetm to the internatinal media that would not be posseible in sose countrfee represented in this hall today. This degree of openness in Gouth afriaan eociety and our willingness to engage with that society for constructive gurpse~ are the 8ource8 of our influence. The United States will continue to take advantage of this opportunity to do what it can ae a Wqxxmible nation to end apartheid. Our policy is aimed at seeking engagement with all side5 in South Afeica for the purpose of encouraging negotiations that will produce fundamental reforms and we regard such a course as in the best traditions of the United Nations. to uork comutruotively to helg, . Hr. DONNA (mhiopia) : At the very outset I rshourd like to expressl to the Special CoPwittee against JWartheid the Ethiopian delegation’s deep appreciation of . and full rtQ3mrt fc?r its untirirrg ePPorts to Lay bare the evil nature of the plicy and system of apartheid. The various activities of the Ccmmittee in mbilizing tfne forces of -ace and denwrcraay against the racist r6gime and in euppoet of the Oppremid mas$es of South Africa deserve the approbation of the international commity. . . Web ha8 been said, much has been written and numsroue resolutiono have been passed on the racist system of apartheid and the need ta eliminate it once and fot all. All of this, of course, has not been in vain. As a result of those efforts, apartheid io today universally condemned as an unjust and morally bankrupt system COnStituting a crime against humanity. The r6gimz is shunned and is considered a pariah N all nations, except for a few Western States. Much of the world has eevored all relations and contacts with that outcast rdgime. The just cause and the legitimate struggle of the oppressed masses of South Africa are aupported and upheld by the preponderant majority of the international community. Regrettably, however, there are still those in the West that support fnetitutionalized racism in various ways. Despite repeated calls by the United Nations for the total isolation of the apartheid regime, they maintain political and diplomatic , as well a6 cultural, ties with South Africa. Their transnational corporations invest heavily in the econolriy of South Africa, mercilessly exploPting the human and natural resources of that country and reaping super-profits in the process. The military and technological collaboration of those in certain ctrdes in the West with the racist regime has enabled the latter to build a military and security machine, including a nuclear capability, unmatched anywhere in Africa. 1 submit that, if it were not for that political, economic, technological and military collaboration extended so generously to South Africa, the r&ime would (Mr. Dinka, Ethiopia) Pang cfnce have CeuMbled. But, thank8 to the rapport and eu8tenance it gets from aortain Western Statea, the rdgiase has survived thir long. and ha8 been the cauoe’of thm e;wtfnufng denial of fundmental hunm rfghtrr to our brothers and sisters in south ‘Uricb. -ever, todey, au yeet;erdrPy, the oppressed refuee to accept the denial of their right@. sn the paat they had orqanized themselves and staged peaceful demnstrationr and other acts of reeistance to assert their rfghtB. But that course of action proved costly a)& the result of the brutality and violence pawetiated again& then by the fascist tigiwe. Undeterred by the heavy sacrifice6 they have had to pay QO far and are bound to pay in future in the course of their 8trugqPeo the oppressed have nom the leae escalated their popular re5ietance. Tbs mindleso racrtit r6gim has unleashed the full force of its repression and terrorimm by declaring a state of emergency. Legitimate resistance ie being countered by increased violence and repmeeion, lreeulting in death and destruction, including the murder and aosaeeination of innocent women and schoolchildren and the elderly. We believe that it is tbo primy and special responsibility of the intetnational community to aore& and reverse that trend. In this regard, we are encouraged by the unprecedented popular support for the juet cause of the masses of &x&h Africa. But we cannot conceal our dimppointment at the response of certain Western Ooverruwnts, particularly those of the United States and the United Kingdom, to the popular demand of their own public. People in the West are demndfw the ioqlation OE the South African nhgime, but the United States Administration and a fer others are responding with the so-called constructive mgageresnt with racism. People are demanding meaningful. and forceful measures, but those Governments are attempting to placate their own people with token’gestures. Demands for justice are thus being silenced by calculations of greed and profit. @mid amd profit are not, of couf:se, being presented a8 the rationale for the OloeitbW Of those Weetern Osvernmente. Instead, seemingly reasonable and u2cmpasraionate etiplanations are given. We are told, for e’ darple, that &cOrrmic ~~Ctiont8 would not cmpel the racist &gim to change its ways but would only hurt the blacks of South Africa and the peoples of mAhsrn AfleiCa* Ebu do the people of South Africa bnd southern Africa on whose behalf those arguaentc ace being preferred respond? Their reeponse’ie clear and uneqtuivocal. TW have all said that the only way to exert pressure on Pretoria to give up its racdrt policies peacefully is by the iapoaition of maprehensive arandatory sanctions under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Only last Nonday, Bishop Desmnd Tutu, a respected leader of the south African blacke and a Nobel laureate, addressing the Special Political Committee, called for the imposition of mandatory sanctions against South Africa. Leadem of the front-line States have been no less clear in tbeit support for sanetiono. In his message to the fortieth session of the General Assembly, read on his behalf by Foreign Minister Manr;wendc , Or ime Minister Robert *gabs had the follwing to say: *we do not want the international community to lphirk its respmsibility to the peopbe of South Africa by hiding behind our vulnerability to South Africa’s zepcfsals if mmdatory sanctions are imposed againat it. We accept that theue fa a price to be paid for the liberty of our brother6 and eieters in South Africa and Namibia. For our part, we ace prepated to play our bull role.. (ia/4O/PV.24, p. 21) This clearly shows that the argument& against sanctione are as weak as they are self-serving, Indeed, the very talk and threat of sanctions has only recently shown h&r vulnerable Pretoria is to comprehensive mandatory sanctions. To defuee the pressure for sanctions, talk of reform is already in the air. But, ae my own Foreign Minister and many others have said to this Assembly, apartheid cannot be 04~. Dinka, Ethiopia) oefortmd. Only ayoterslr, with basically ffrnr and just foumlatione can be reformed. Ihe fouordbticm of wartheid are racim, ewploitaticm and injuetice. That being 80, ft oannot be refotead. It can only be dfsarantled and eliminated. A non-racial and dslPocratic mobaty mat be built in itm place. To pave the way for the eetablbahment of xwh a society and to avert a racial bh+butb in mathern Uric&, mandatory eoonomic sanctions am& be impoeed on Pretoria forthwith. That io the call of the oppressed people of South Africa. It is also the call of all freedo@-loving and peace-loving peoples the world over. Let u8 therefore work together to Eespond to that call wi’kh the courage and far-8ightednese that ill expected of UB all. Mrs KABANilA (Rwanda) (SntePpretation from French) e The Universal DeclamAon of Human Right8 and the first articles of the constitutions of most PPearlzegs of the United Nations provide that all people are born equal, that all citizens are equal before We law, that they enjoy the mme rights and the e&U@ duties and that all political freedoms and all cfviP, economic, acoial and cultural rights are guaranteed to aPh citizens. These are the fundamental principles that govern the public and private life of aitizens of the world who hold freedom dear. Respeot for these principle8 is an essential prereguieite for order, secur; ty and progress. On south Afrfca, howd~v~lc, we cana yp again& a wry strange and unique lab a law that base8 the entire politiodl, aooial, ecoho&u and cultural ordeE.on racial inequality. We are confronted with a phflcmophical concept thak originat& in 1913, on the eve of the Ffrrrl world War, and that dfffars fraa the Nazi philosophy in nmua only, for it fo called apartheid. * Born in the aam period as the Nazi philosophy, apartheid was radicalized in 1946, the very year in which che Dniversal Declaratisn on Human R&hi% wae adopted, the V~PY Deolaratfon that proolsiras the fundmental wality OP men and that therefore bane and prohibit8 any discrimination &teed on r&tee colour, 8exI Xeltgfon or other opinion. To describe the politioal eystem based on that philosophy and now in foace in South Afriaa, I &ould like to quote from the statesent asade from this rostrum by the Prim linieter of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Hr. Jaoquerr Oanter. He said: “the policy of apartheid ie a arime against the conscience and dignity Of mnkind and one thut ie particularly repugnant, efnce it hae been built up into a system of government. It ie contrary to the prinaiplee laid dowpl in the Charter, aa is any other polioy of disariminatton based on sexI raae, religion or political opinion.” (A/%O/W.47, p. !&I The victim of thie policy are Ilegion: Steve Bfko and Benjamin Moloioe, to mention only two, are part of a long lfet of martyrs of the South African r&7fM* fSolson Mandela, leader of the Aftioan National Congress of South Africa (AN@), and his coqaniont, in the struggle have been euffering in the ifmlatfon Of Qmmunent goals for many years, and further arrest8 are being made every day. Sharpeville, sow&o, Croseroad, Port Elizabeth - a19 of those nmee bring to mind the horrors of the r6gime. Verwuerd and Vor6ter inherited the t&i&x and consolidated Pt. Verwoerd paid for 80 doing. Botha inherited it in turn and (Mr. Rabanda, Rwanda) So now refbnfng ft. 80 iu even stteiupting to extend it beyond South Africa’s borders, end to that end he is exploying every means available, incZuding the uee of armed force against neighbouring States: Lesotho ‘and Swaziland ace threatened Withi economic reprisals if they persist in their opposition to the r6giw. The Republic! of Botswana , the Repubic of Mozambique and the People’s Republic of Angola / have been subjected to mauoeuvreu designed to deetabiliae them. The goal of the Govrcnamt of South Afrioa is obirioust it wants to instal its puppets in power in thorn countries. The General Assembly, the Security Council and, indeed, the entire international community have strongly condemned ~luch gratuitous acte of aggression and, in so188 cases, have called for reparations. Not only does the fkmth African &vernmnt refwe tcz abide by the verdict of international public opinion, but in its arroganoe it is eet on pursuing its policy and perpetrating such acts ae long aa it feels the interest@ of apartheid are threatened. Let ~8 go back to what is happening within South ~fricat it is evident that, in proeleirning a state of emergency the South Afrioan Government has in fact declared War against the black, Indian and Coloured peoples. Thue, the police have been given a free hand to engage in repression, if necessary by force of amw against a people who have no means of defence other than their determination and their resolve to free themselves, against a people who do not even have the right ta bury their dead in safety. Apartheid advocates the separate developmmt of the racm. yet what, from a political standpoint, can be the ~61~ of that rdgime that care8 not a lot about reactisns - of necesoity negative - of the majority of the South African population, regarded a8 aliens in their own country. what, from an economic and 60~ial ~t~~~Foi~t, can be the value of this system of separate development in which (Mr. Kabanti, IWanda) most of the national incom is devoted to the well-baing of 4 qunrteP.of Me Wwhtion, the white &xxity, who cannot even enjoy it in coinfort because of their uncertainty about tlae future. &law far, fram a mars1 Utandpoint, mMt the black and Coloured peoples of 8outh Africa bow under su@b an og;rpnefisiva Ebgisil@? I am convinced that the t6giae will bring about its own deuoiee. There are already indications of its approaching end within the wh4te ccwwnfty itscalf, wheto some businesmer., tired of a false aenae of mterial csecutity, are beginniIW to react to bring about dranges in the existing order. This, aB;rrfttedly, ia a positive sign, but it is not enough, for apartheid cannot be reformed. It muut be abolished,. and the sooner the better. History, that great teacher, tells ua that the end of a rdgime is beginning when those in power themelvee create conditions that give rise to divPoion or confrontation among citizens, when the authoritiee ereate a permanent state of war between the power and the people. Such is the case in South Africa. Neither constitutional reforms nor the establishment of l~csl councfls or another presidential cou~~cil, nor even the liberalization of poliay on fntswaciel mrriage can change the system. Radical meauurea are needed. Zf the South Afriaan Goverment wishes to sot in the true interest of the country, if it wiehes tx create a happier future for its people, then, before at is too late, it must take the following eteper it mu& decree in clear and direct term8 the total abolition of apartheid and of the faws, regulations and other measure6 based on it; it must proclaim racial equality in 800th Africa; it mat abolish the bantustans and establish a single eitizenehip for all South Africans, whites, blacks and others of Asjan origin1 it must put an end to the etate Of em-3ency; it must release political prisoners, including the leader of the ANC, Nelson Mandela; it must lift the ban on political parties1 it must bring the leaderdl of varfauFJ cmaunities tagether 80 that they can study the pro&@ of bow to Share power Sn acrrnrdanca with the democratfc principle of one mm8 one vote. lf Hr. Botha dues that, he can be sure of bvhg a united ard nuPtiracia1 South Africa, a Satk Afrhca in which cftizen~~ wd3.B be equal before the law in 8ocietyo judged up:;1 ability and merit. X ham Simply tspeated what wa8 said OD behalf of Africa by the current Chafra~n of the OrganSostion of African Unity (U&U) c His Excellency President Abdou Diouf, da. this mll. What he said is absolutely in IceepRng with the views of my Goverament, which hopes that the secusity Council and the hternetional comaunity should the South African Government continue to turn a deaf ear to the wishes of -ha fnternatfor&l ~-TY?'--- "- .*br wiP1 take fkra action ~3 Particuholy to the kegitimrrte complaints of the black, Xndian and Coloured peaplee of south Africa. (Mr. Kabanda, Rwanda) mat since all the wayo to peace have been ewlored wftbout any e&es8 there would seea to be no other choice than to impose sanctiona under Chapter V&I of the charter. Those that refuse to do thie or are reluctant to envieaga mandatory qreheneive ecommic eanctimrP and those who frars near or far encourage the apartheid r&be are ihereby taking on an enormus reogonsibility before hietofy. It Would 6eca rather strange, to say the least, Nmt some countries are much more concerned with the negative effectra for the South \frican people of =rmpreOlemive and mndatolcy oanctfone on South Africa than are the South African people themelvee. As President Kenneth Kaunda hae said, these sentiments do not necessarily derive frm ghilenthrophio cmsidetations. Xn any event, if one has to ckmoee beseen tii aifilc, the leeoar evbl ie abye the one to choose. It is better to suffer frm a passing difficultyp even a serious one, than to have to endure a chronic evil that will never end. The international convention.ageinst apartheid in sports, whfah ha8 just been submitted to the General Ammbly, without doubt repreeents an important etage in the struggle against that eyetem. Even if the convention does create legal problems for some Governmentls, it would be deeirable for those Governmenta to ban access to their territory by 6outh African sports clubs and et the same tPme to carry on a campaign to dissuade sports clubs in their countries from having sports relations with south Africa. We cannot accept the view that there is no link between political activities and sports activities. ff the South African blacks, fndiano and Coloureds were not segregated in sport5 in south Africa itself, we could perhaps believe that there was some sense in such a statement. But that i5 not the case. Apartheid is 81 totalitarian system, and it has to be fought Ry all means available until it in coupletely abolished. ~a W~XCGRI~~~, with I tfhua rt4y a wife 638~1~ ti miiiead~, the ad&m of W88 Govesnmnts to impose selective WUateraP fanctiolrus. Going furtheE, mm have tmm me a deaBUb..a for the south A~~CW eovernwmt offiaiaLIy to atmlfah the apattbeid c&Jim& Once the time-lfnft has sprptfxd without any positive teaulto, those Governments wiP1 take barsh measures agaiwt South Africa. It has taken time for ua to rcacb this stage, wb$ch my country feela io an iqptant one, even though it is not enough given the nature of the sickness that hse eo be cured. We therefsrs congratulate the Kmahero of the Comcmweslth on the agreement on South Africa they adopted at their recent meeting in Naesau. We also welcome the alear position taken by the Nordic countriee, wbieb bave always demonakrated their understanding and syzpatby on taatteze corzeer’wiiig AfP icat Particularly those relating to southern Afrfea. It is perhaps superfluourP to say that tiw is against the South African r&ilML But it is not too late to remedy the situation. Several delegations, or rather all delegations, have tried to show those holdiyrq power in that dgh@r which seems to bs have been overtaken by events , the path they shouMS take ta oorreut the situation. That is the reasonable approach. If tbe authorities now in FWer continue obstinately to lend a deaf ear to the advice and the wishes of the United Nations, I fear they wilL realize too Pats the necessity of change. Hete I ohould like to quote the Prim Minister of Canada, Mr. PWroney, who said: “It is our hop@ - and it mot surely be the hope of all - that the Republic of South Africa will we to ita aenaee &fore it fe co@etely engulfed by the shock waves of violence”. (A/40/BV,47, p. 26) I can see a danger, a great danger , threatening the peoples of South Africa - white, black, Indian and Coloured. Alteady, the parentsl and the school6 of the whites are teaching young people contempt and hatred of black, Indian and Coloured ok. Kabatlan, Rwanda) P-Pi* l Today, the black and Co&mad people are omly demanding their le&fmte riglhts, but what would haptpewr in the South Afcfoa of the futurre ff the black people were aleo to teach their children contempt and hatred of the whites0 If there ie violenke, destructlve violence, it Pa not the black, Xndfan and Coloured peqle that hanted it, but those who hold pouerr power based on unjust and therefore unaccegtable foundation& Let us all work to save South Africa before it is koo late. Mr. f4AHEiUSANI (Singapore) : The clock is ticking in South Africa. It is five minutes to midnight, perhaps four. From 1966 to 1960, the black population rose by 90 per cent, conpared with a rise of only 30 per cent in the nuuber of whites, whose ehare in the totai of about 32 mPUfon has thus dipped from 18 *r cent to 15 per cent. If present trends continue, 40 years from now the black pqulation could reach 55 million and the white population would then amount to only 10 per cent of the total population. Against such trendso how long can the Whites hope to retain total and absolute monopoly of power? The dootrine of white supremacy wa8 a oreation of the nineteenth century, or F@rhags an even earlier the. Early in this tYxtuty, however, subject peoples in all the colonies bqan to question the fundmental premise of colonialism. They asked, can a few white men have the right to rule over millions of non-whites? Writing ban 1953, Nelson Mandela said that in China, India, Indonesia and Indochina, American, British, Dutch end French imperialism based on the concept of the supremacy of Europeans over Asians had been co%@l.etely and perfectly exploded. TodaY, with a whole variety of ethnic group8 tnriving and prospering all over the world, it is preposterous that there continues to be one relic of the nineteenth century doctrine of white supremacy still surviving as we stand on the threshold of the twenty-first cantury. That relic, I submit, will not be allowed to enter the twenty-first century. (Wt. Halrbubsni, Singspore) I c+me j!ror a urltiraciolquntry, 0110 that has seem fit8 cum history of! racial aonflict. Very early on in our hi8t0ry we learned that the only so1uth-m to racial conUctrs is the clcaatiou of a society whence all humn be-s, regardlese 0E raCe or religion, are g&van 8 cm@etely equal statue. ~!@.-.~t 85s .9Wm SNwswe racial hammy, and only that, we believe, will ever &solve the problem of racial conflPct Ln South Mdaa. We believe change ie inevitable. The timing and tha forr that fmch change will take in South Africa, however, remains uxertain. It may take the form of a mjor explosion. Speaking in this HaLP so eloquently a few days ago, BSshop Desmnd Tutu expressed the hope that euch violence could be avoided. Yet such a violent denouement will only become inevitable if the tdgiuae fn South Africa and its frienda overaeau continue to resist the forces of ahange. The longer such change fe poatponedl the more pisinful it will be for all South Africans. The central point X wish to make today is that those who oppuse swc?tlone are not doing the South African, blacks or whites, any fwoure. Every effort must be mada to promote change in South Africa a8 $0013 as possible. The longer such change ia delayed, tha utcm chaos and bloodshed we will see in 6outh Africa. The preaent rauist dgima in South Africa is, to &t it quite simply, a total i tar ian regime. Totalitarfan rdgimes can survive in the long run only if they can somehow win the support of the subject populations. To do so, as we learn from history, such totalitarian rdgfmes try to wrap themselves in some mythical k3@timacy, ~ht,npgng up patriot&o sentiment to justify theft continuance in power. All too often, alas, this has worked. It will not work, however, in South Afrioa. Nowhere in the world, uertainly not in South Africa, nor even irmong the few oountries that accord it diplomatic recognition, does the South African regime enjoy any real legitimacy. If there is one thing that the whole world agrees upon, it is that any rigime which openly, by legislation, classifies a group of people as subhuman is olearly an immoral rdgime. The United Nations has played a critics1 role in undermining the legitimacy of the SLuth African r&gime. As Mr. Gerba, Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, said in this debate two days ago, q an@ral Assembly resolutions have established the international jurisprudence on apartheid, as it were.” (A/4O/PV.51, P* 5) Those critics of the united Nations who maintain that all United Nations resolutions have been an exercise in futility should pause to consider the cumulative political and moral impact of these resolutions over the years. The more we can do, therefore, to implement any United Nations resolution, the more likely it is that resolutions on South Africa will be respected, Deprived of the myth of legitiwrcy, the totAlitrriAn South African rigilpe hAa +iti to create a pyth of invintribblfty. $as~Aing bAck into itm bfstoty, it has tr&td to recr6tihte the legends of the Great Trek, the leg@d@ of the lAAge< -nWhy and the legends of the merr cOreZing their wagon@ to tight agalnat great Odda, to prime to iteelf ma the outtddo world tbrt it ie A #x&horn And invintrible ram. Stubborn it may bep invinuible it is not. In tod~y'a world, if the white Soatb Africano were to cticle their w&gons they would only help to acmmplieh what mmy in ;he UnOteb Nakionr have tried to Bo by advocating the impoabtion of eanctiorra aqeinrrt &suth Afriba;. With the ps@eage of time ati the growing eephietication and ! 10bal interdependence of the South African emnq, South Africa neede to import an unusually bfgh proportion of intemdfAte girds end A-t All the technology neeiied to CUR its industrial sector. Again, as Me. Gweba 6Aiar l wLthout foreign fnve43tiwnt, foreign lOAnA, foreign oil supplieo, let alsne foreign trade , it Aii~8p1y could n0t function." (p. 24-351 R~tely 15 mmthe Ago the South African &xanolqy seemd to be rsck 6Olfd. The eophieticated p0litiCAl-tick anafykW3 in the devoloped World, wb0 have helped in their own way to perpetuate the myth of invincibility of the kouth Afrban r6gim, used to amert confidently that South Africa WAS one of the best investment riske aveilable. r(iould they dare PO assert that t0dAy3 In fact, a few months ago the South Africma dgifkm even 8tood on the verge sE bankruptcy, unable to roll over its huge foreign debt. International bankers suddenly queetioned the wisdom of pouring money into South Africa. The latest meking of South African officials; with the representatives of 30 major international banks, held in Lcmdsn on 23 Bctoberp barely a week isgo* ended inconclusively. This wae not an expression of moral or humanitatim concern on the mt nf the international bankers over tie recent outrageous incidents in South (Mr o Hahbubani, Singapore) Africa. It WI oaly an orprsuuicm of uoRcem 011 their part Over the viability Of the SOut;h African OoQDQQLy after they had made thair upprqxiato caluulations. Elere again@ maa conventional wirdm SiLIupdl like to 6uggeet: tit the Rre**nk difOicultiee are temporary. The tundamentafe 00 the South African WOnCW, we are asmmd~ are rock uolid. Get w consider the fundama~talrr. *South Africa’s aconmy is uniquely dependent upon gOld for its financtal strenght and for i&e occmoaic grwti, ana *o amWt of econsrfu planning can erase its fundamental vulnerability to fluutuetdone in the gold price. &uth Africa praduceer half the wOrPdUs gold. Every decrease Of 810 in the gold price reduces South Africa’6 annual foreiglr c tchange earnings by Mme $220 IBilliOn. At the mm titm, South Afoiea’s emnoSy also depends heavily on diamnd exports. There is an interesting new book by E. J. Epcstein, The death of the diemmdo the coming collapse in dianrond pricks, in which he documents that a South African cartel keeps world diamond price8 artificially high by firet purchasing all the diamm& produced all over the world and then fostering the myth that since “diamonds are for everW @ey.are the best eafeguard against inflation. Perhaps they arer but iE this myth fe wet ahartteted , a8 @stein has tried to shatter it in his book, another nmjon: hole aould be knocked into the &uth Wfrican econorprlf. This funda@imtal also turns out, on examination, to be not so solid after all. The vulnerability of its two major eqort6, gold and dianmndo, has led to the recent shrinking of South Afrfca’s economy by 2.1 per Cent in 1985. Hence the south African rand today is worth one quarter of what it was worth in 1980, ite loweet level ever. fn recent yeglrsl the South African &fence budget increased by 1,000 per Cent between 1970 md 1981, when it reached $us 2.76 billion. Another 21.4 per cent (Hr. Mahbuband, Singapore) increase was announced in 1984, at a tiw when the ecoamy xmald bar&y wet Poe fWaiW. Given the prevailing weaknesses in the South African econoqyr there could be Ro better time fox the United Natfcrm to send a clear meraage to the 3outb Africqn rig&w that it needs to change its policies. TWO seta of arguments are advanced agafwt the irapoeiti~ of eamtiom The firet @et c1ai.s~ that sanctiono will only m&e tllne white rbgima sf Gouth Africa more stubborn, that it will force the white Muth Africane to circle their wagons. In todaygs m>rld, a61 I rraid earlier@ if they tr led to do that it weld only enhance the effectivenese of the sanctiona. The second set of argument6 euggeste that sanctions will not wrk. If mnctions Bcr not work, why hesitate to iwee them? If emctima ds fiat we&, why & siiriit black CSutk kE!~iCan hd?iTa adwCate tima~ If sanctions do not wot k, why does the South African regime lob&y 80 strongly against such sanation@ Those who oppose the impoeition of sanctions are not doing the South African rdgime a favour. Sooner or Psrter apartheid will have to be dismantled. The f~rcee of history are working fnevitab2y in that diteation, ae, ironically, are the present policieo of the South African rbgiaae. In its effort to create a modern, sophisticated and fairly well developed industrial State, using, for Pnetance, 60 per cent of the eleetricitg generated in the whole of Africa, the South African r8giim has to create a large mdeon industrial working clam of blacks. Between 1966 and 1980, 800,000 blacka joined this working claee. Such a working class, mce exposed to the conditions of the modern world in its Wrkplace, can 110 longer &%eekly accept the sub-tin status that apartheid tries to i-M3 u,pon it, A nineteenth-ceiatl,ry doctrine of white supremacy therefore cannot: survive in a twenty-Pfret-century sophisticated and developed econcmy. There is no dam that the South African rr$gime can build that will arrest the flow of hietory. But when and how the doctrine of amsthedd dies will depend on the actions of South Africans - hnd the actions of the mrld cxm~unfty. The time hen the majority of South Afriuans would accept this abominable and cruel system meekly in long past. The daily scenes we see of police violence and brutality, the fact that almost SO0 people have been killed in the last 15 months, indicate the breadth and the depth of the opposition faced by the South African rdigime. Of course, the r4gime can increase its repression anti unleauh an even bi.ooGier war against its own citizens. That might yet win them a respite internally but it would almost certainly guarantee the total loss of whatever limited support South Africa enjoys from the external world. The nervous international bankers will flee even further from South Africa. The economy will sink even more. Without economic growth, the stability of the r&gime will be undermined even more. fn this shrinking world, more and more South African blacks are aware that each individual human being on this globe is entitled to mme basic huamn rights. The edifice of apartheid constructed out of measures such a& the Group Areas Act, the system of influx controls and pass laws , the system of racial claseificattons and the creation of bantustans continues to deny the black South African even the most basic human rights in hCs own lan-• As so many SFeaketS have stressed in this debater apartheid cannot be reformed. The entire system of apartheid hae to be dismantled totally. Again, as Bishop Desmond Tutu said so forcefully 3.n this Hall a few days ago, the following four pints need to be implemented immediately: first@ emergency rule kaS to be ended: secondly, apartheid must be dismantled; thirdly, political prisoners must be rolesued and politiaal d&u muut be allowd f& returng and, faurthly, a dialoguie @Wld begin with the authentic rqmmnt&ivoo c& Uack South Africanr, e&mially btolexm Mandela. We endorse tboro few point@. On tbir fortieth annWaroary of the United Blatdcme, many world leadera hew mpoken at tbie forum. AU of them have tzcm!iW gxartheid. There iu a need mu to convey theft firm and umquivocal imomge to the South African dgiae. Ths recent Caazonvealtb Sumait: in the Babamu barn taken a mall step forward with it@ ~grmmant to in@om a variety of oanctionm ageinot Swth Africa. Let this General Armmbly tuke mother step fsvward by oalling few comprehensive an8 PratiatorY WOWm.ic ssnctionm as outlirred in Chapter: VII of the Unit&l Naticno Charter. We believe that only mob a firm and direct mcaaagc might finally convinae the white sinotity r&glare in Seuth Wfriua to fs4ze reality and to rsalize that it ie ultimately in the Pntemxst of all $outh Africans, blacks and whites, to dP8mntle the cruel and inhuman apartheid r&be, Mr. NETANYAHU (Israel) t There ie no greater abhorrence of racism than that felt by zionies, TO be a ikw and a Zionist isr to be againet racifm. To be a 2ioni6t ie to be for the freedom of all peoples. For frsraelie, for zhd6t6, for Yews, apartheid is the ultimate abomination. It ie an expremion of the cruellest inbmnity that man is capable of. It fe a mxal evil of the fir& order. It has no place in our world, Our revulsion towards and opposition to apartheid has been expreemd ~10 often, in so many forums, by 60 raEIny of our leader@ - moat recently, here in this Hall by Prime Minister Peres and Vice-Prime-Minister Shamir, during their visits to the United Nations - that they are well kncm by T~OW. What way not be so widely known or understcod is the special reason for our revulsion toward@ racism - a revulsion rooted in our experience, unlike that of any other maple. I ant not referring here, iti the first instance, marefy to the terrible pefce - a price that I think everyone here is familiar with - exsrcted from the Jewish people by the uncontrollable firea of mcfal hatmd. That came much later in our hhtory and culmi#ated in the raciet aadneecl of Nazi anti-semitim ia thie century. But ta mderetcand the primal BOUCCB of our abhorrence, one must go to the WQlllb of Jrwirb hicrtory and the origins of rowal thuught. Mcdesn zionissl develop&i, in practical terns, only fn recent thew but ft hm ita mote in a tradition of liberty and reabstance to evil - eepecially the evil of enslavesent - that rwches back khoursands of years , to the beginning of our people9 Thei Jewish people fntrcduced tc the world the uni&eal concept of the obligation of man io man. At a time when all mankind wa8 shackled in vast expaneee of perpetual, irredeerPabPe elavery, the Jews introduced to the world, udllenia ago, a stunuing &dear that men are inherently free, that nc man is naturally born a slave, and that those who are fsmea into slavery must be given their freedom. And this wm not -rely a concept: it wae put into formal, explicit, written law more than 3,000 year8 ago. When P4oses, the great law-giver, the greatest: teacher in the Jewish faith, etruak down the Pharaonic guard, who had himelf struck a elove, he changed hbtory for ever. The Mosaic code of liberty not Only was revolutionary in relation to the vast slave despotisms of the East, like Babylon or Persia or Assyria, but was an incomprehensible concept at the time. Even in the brief flash of demwracy in the West, when the prophets wer% preaching in Jerusalem about the innate liberty and equality of all men, when they were railing against the sins of slavery in all forms, no ‘less a figure than Aristotle was contemporaneously - in tb fifth century B.C. - writing in Athens of slaves a6 mere beasts of burden, as mechanical instruments, as he called them, Dem@zracy wa8 to be given to a chosen few. In the West as in the East, the natural state of m%nkind %‘a8 slavery. Now, Greece may have given the vorld the genius of science and abstraction, but it was from Judea - and only from Judea - that emerged the firat conceptions of morality and a passion for justice and (Hr. Netanyahu, Ierael) P~OI that tiny duty strip at the edge of Wia @pm&g the lofty teachings Of 8mmi and Jeremiah and Isaiah, that revolutionized the history of mm* “Am I lay brother’@ keeper?” aeked Cain of God in the very first pages of the Bible, and the mwer com@8 with a certainty and 8 clarity that wipe never heard heforre and never . impmwcd on Pifncet “Yes, -thou art thy brother’8 keep-“. Man ha8 a ro@oneibilfty to him fellow man. Tbers are utiivsi-es1 obligrstions that we have to one another that tramcend ‘family or tribe or race or nation. Men are neither barn &Wee nor can they be all05& to become recndy prey for other8 to pillage, or plunder or wrder = Vie are our brothers’ keepers* But it ~38 not only because of their wral origin0 that the Yewe always identified with the suffering of others , and foremost with the victim of slav@rY and racial diacr imination. Our unique identification with the blacks, with those blscke euf f er ing today under mar theid, ie also the result of our unique historical eVerience in the two millenia since the period of the propheti. We suffered in out: exile incomparable oppreseion, degradation, humiliation and mutilation at the hands of others. The coupling of Jewish moral passion and Jewieh historical experience is what led Jewish people to become the champione of human equality in wdern times. And YOU can search any modern movement for liberation, from the national liberation movements of the last century - take the Italian Risorgimiento Of any other of the great movements - or the labour organizere in the last century and in this century, in Europe, in Latin America and elsewhere, and look at the civil rigbte movement in this country just a Cew decades ago, and you will find an inordinate number of Sews, Jewish activists, Jewish leaders, Jewish writers, Jewish agitators for the cause of liberty. Zionism, the movement for the liberty of the Jews themselves, was thus instantly 8ympatheV.c to the q;lest for liberty of other oppreosad yeopl~s, but especially black people. That is why Theodot Herzl, the founder of modern Zionism, (Hr. Netarryahu, Xerael) wrote that srfter the liberation of the jewa, “We rufmr3.l turn to assiot’ in the liberation of the blackea, and that ire why the blat& thinker, Wflliaar Dubof.% one of the early uhampiom of black and &:ricw liberty, regarded Zicmiorp en a mdel of libsratfon for the bucks. Pn 1919 he wrote tbOeo *The Africti movaaent ram18 to uo what ttne Zionist raovement meane to the Jew0. ” ‘lWs genuine affinity with the struggle of blacks is what led Israel to ehaee it8 newly found expertise in natiopbuilding with the newly independent Afriaan nations, a relationship that wips aherply curtailed by the 1973 oil e&argo, but which, I am happy to say0 ie developing, in fact thriving once IPOC@* This brief oeview of the moral foundations of zionisar and Jewish ethiarr and their profound empathy with black people ought to be enough to demonstrate the preposterousness of - the only word I can use is ~acandelousn - this soandalous allegation that Zioniem equals racism. I think that without a doubt this is the alost brazen application of the *big lie te&niquem sinoe Ffitler. The sheer monstrosity of that slander haa probably hurt the standing and the international repute of the United Nations IPOW than any other iniquitous and imbalanced reeolutiorn that has been forced on this body by those who shun truth. But the ferat that it cmtlnues to be uttered after *he Israeli airlift of Ethiopian Ycwe to Iorsel is frankly grotesque. It is absurd. Nothing put the lie more clearly, mre fOrc@fUlly, to the slander that Zionism equals racism, nothing better illuminates the txue nature of Zionism than Israel'o rescue of our long-lost brethrenb the Maok Jew6 of Ethiopia. While the entire world watched QQ thouemds and tens of thousand0 died, Israel acted. With our meagre mfsourcea, we took action to sBlV@ out black brother& Zioniom is racism? One of our writer8 coted: Yell that to the black Sews of Ethiopia kissing the tarmac in Tel Aviv. Zionism io a victory over racism.” bmished, naves tc return. NOW P should like' to turn to our accuser @ in the Arab w ld. These are the people who ate the authre 00 thirr and so many other ~repost.sw of 95sael% pol3Ciss ViS+vh3 wartheidi, a8 they call it. biiathas been their contribution to the domin of human right8 and racial tolerance? I M talking about the attitude@ ~~mm~ated by mny Arab Gevernsmnts today, ccuntriee that are signatories and eponsore of thie dccummt, countries like Syria, the 5me Syria that shelters and eustains - indeed, ef@oys - such arch-=racist nazf crfminsLe as Alois Brunner. Fiere ie Alois Brutmer. Here i8 hi8 picture in ~ama5cu5, rather happy, f inust say. He is called 'the right-hand xm of Hitler.. fDere ie another picture in his villa supplied by the Syrian Government in Damecue. Here is another picture cf Uofe Brunner with a Syrien guard to protect hi5, tc cmfcrt his, in z+ma5cue. Alois BzUMer was one of the greateet war criafnale, one of the greatest raCi5t5 in this century, but he was not the greatest, The greatest was Adolf Hitler, and Hitler 8ppebt8 in another picture here which I wilt happily circulate to representatives. This i8 a piotute of Hitler with a LMR whs=r Ta55os Wzofat and other Arab leadeas call their mesltor iupdl their gufdet the Mufti of Jerusalew Haj Amin Al-Butlseini, who flew to Europ8, who demanded fro5 Hitler that he eebablirsh SS quads in the Eaet to uarry on extermination in the -et. Hitler said, %ePl, I can’t, I do not hove the resources”. And the Nafti imid, *I will supply you with the reeowxxb I ~ihl kelp you QK~~WI~Z~ tsotaa s8 squads,@ which he prcmptly dtd in the Balkans and exterminated thousands of Jews. That is the raentor of the PLO 8nd 2f so mny others in the Arab world. Kie ratrim Kitlslt did mt cmly kill Jowe. directtad at 3~s. mat do you think wmld have ha@@ened .tO the qthu no&-Aryan ainoritiw that With Kitler? Ka euterainrted them juet aa proqMy, and would have srrterrninated every laot black ~lian on earth e he did not wok to ~iucorpoea*~ into CWIB o&VQ empire. T These ere the allierll then, thaoe proto-nazia end then the Itrsrr;io aad .timn th0 = aewnazio t&at work togothor hand in hand with Arab extrrpiets in ~ICIW( in tb0 ptl) eaqw, in Iraq and elrei&?re. KUt @ia record of Arab intolemncm, the tecord of Arab leadeta’ in tolerance, dooe not begin here. xt itaezf icr a natual czulrination of a hietoricrl eteltude, a histOriaa1 &mctice, ~1st~?wis blucke. And I would ask you to compare tipt with Theodoo Kerel’a remark that X have jurrt entimed? Ke made that teaaark in 1901, at the turn of the century, about the liberation of the black& , In I.901 &ha pcitlolh High Cwnfaaioner wrote to LOU&I about the Brab &we tcaaero. i&a said0 ~. ‘Tbwe fs wrhaiwr not another region in the Dark Continent whore the hunt for 6laVti6 PWSbt7 b such a terrible faSprion, in such abund~e ad 0~ 60 SY~~~t~~lly Carrie3 out as in the British Protectorate of t&&hem EtigerW - ROY wiger - 93vety year when the grase ariee slave traderf3 90 to WO,*k t0 COUtid up the siaves. T^hey a13 no& pmdent in their hunt, for those who are useless a6 cLaves ace killed in large nuaJPem the villages are burned and the ~U-ivOt6 iWnched to die of hunger in the fore&~.” The Amoican anthropologist, James Willard, spent a great deal of tinx? in the Sahara and investigated the crlave trade. In his iqprtant book The Great Sahara, published in 1964, he writes: Wndeo the efficient direction of tim Arabs, the sliw63 trade involved the wble civilized world. The exploitation of black labour was the contribution Qf tb@ Asab~ TV m&&ad, for ito was they who organized the vaet traffic in human umrdbandise out of Africa to the ktlantiic and Mediterzmean ports.” The decrease in the blzck population was so great that Willard estimated that the Arab roeschants had brought out 5,000 slaves a year by the Fezzane route alone, losing ahmt half of them on the way, By 1900 the Lake Chad region was practically depqulatud. According to Willard - and this is confimed by MnY other studies - 3OO,OO!! b%ok Afziaaaa were irqorted into British colonies between 1680 and 1700. The total nus&er of Africans sent overseas as slaves from 1510 to 1865 was at least 12 uaiilion. If We accept the estirmte of the famous m. Livingstone, who atudiod thi6 ptoblea;?, that at. least PO lives were lost for every one that reached the coast, the numbar of Mricans who were captured, killed or exported during the four and a half ceM.uriaa of fzhars slr;ve *J&G ~ur,t;ts to 120 miPiion huww beings. Mr. Netanyahu, PsraeA) But.eluvqry itn not a thing of past cmturiem. ft permisted offfcially well ifito the mand half of thie centuty. It was SomaLly abolished Ln Saudi Arabia, for ~xa@e, cmly in the l960r - two decades ago - hut in reality it ie etiS1 beang Practfs@ today in a variety of form in the heartland off the Ambian peninsula and elsewhere 001 tha Arab wox2& The false accusation about Isrrael@e mupport for slmrtheid icp not merely BR <rrdinaey traapiiiisg up-m t&3 twth, Ear if: 08 propag;ssted bg ai! wonat offenders againet the tights of the blacks in the history of the world. The aaae dietortion and hypcriey have chatacterioed the discussion about IsPrselma attitude to South Afrbcs. We are atxuoed of conducting maeleive Wade with Soutb Africa and singled aat a8 though we had a unique co-operation with South Africa fn every field. As with the other 81ander, about eionisn equalling raciels, the Arab6 - and I should add bere the Soviet bloc, which has its own reeF@ctnble share in thio definition - believe that if this lie is repeated oEten enough Pt will be ~csepted as fact. Eut what ars the facts? IferaeP’s diplmatia relation6 With South Africa and itia oorrpercial relations, such as they are, in no way imply support.for lioutb Africa’s policfee. There are 26 other aountrieo - and I see lllOst of them represented here - which have formal diplamatia missions in Pretoria, -v - 1 would say the nsajortty - of' which would be universally agreed in this hall to be the most enlightened md oeepeated Hemhero of this Organbnation. Eut many, Or leSsi f@rPai ti@B with &MA Africa. Does that m3an that they recognize or rrupport or in any way aaquieace , encourage or believe in or mmtain the poliay of apartheid7 It dose not man that at all. It tMan6 that relations of one kind or mbther are conducted between States whish dfsageee, and in the cam of awrtieid (Mr. Ebtsnyahu, Psrael.) vduamently +sagree, and right&y agl with tha poliaiecls c;rf athetr countrfea. But that ie the whole fdeu of the nw intmrnaticinal order cm wbfah the United Nation8 W&U fwnd~.- Idim shout the vaunted tmde_of IsPrael .witsr Uoutb Afriaa? It PO barely viuible. Ctqmxd with that of Europa and of other Stuteo - even Arab State8 - it fP imsignfficant. The Iuternatdonal Monetary Fund (IMP) publfehee stutfetOce about fg7aei@a t~g.59 with mukh Afr;ia ti it iwant to less than osir-iialf of One per aent of exports and thr9s-quarters of one per cant of South Africa’rp itaportrr. It ie trivial in the c-e of Psrael*e own figureu as well, the trada with South Africa vie B vir the Isnaeli econoioy amounts to 1.7 per cent of total Israeli &portfP and 2 per csent of our impoPt& It ie trivial both waye. South Africa’8 major trading partmere am seven countries. P do not have to nam them here. Regresentativee xaay look then up for thePieePve& Together tiom amm @omWPes account for well over half of South Afrfca’s trade. The IMP’s Direction of Trade for 1994 report8 that Laraal ra&:si 17th a@mg the eountr~ee Wefving South Afrfc&‘@ exporta and 23rd among those supplying the nation’s imports. What about the Arabs? What %bout their trade ,aitb South Africa? The IHi? does not give any f igurea. South Africa does not give any figures. I wouM say that Until recently the Arab States enjoyed imsrunity from public expaure on &is entare iBhxB3~ There wss a kind of csr.opilracy 02 silence in the international csxmmity to hide the truth, often by Governments whiah knew the truth perfectly well, baaause while trading in tie billfona of dollars wit21 &xth Africa the Arab8 hurled accusations at others, especially at Israel and especially here in this forum, for the very practices t’mt they were involved in up to their necks. I suggest f2mt it is time to tear the mask from Arab hypxxiey, for how do we know the magnitude of figures. Thmro 4r a way of kawb& awJrytbing that f shall now ray I amll oupport with c?4fmwnW# which f #hall oubmit and whicln rpsy be circtiato d-+wiaam. 80 that thy may uc.rutinirs thm inforutton r am abut to give and be totally aonvincmd of it@ veradty and, I tlaink, of ito imprtance. SOUth AEciar &pMM e#r frrgcPrt& oil t0 mmt the energy requirsmnta of it6 armed forcto ad w&or vubicle tmmportatfon, its ecommyI and import8 about . $3 billion wutb of oil annunlly. Thmrm ace oevcural anti-amwtheid forces outaide South Africa which rmcmgni2a the criticrl i8portaucr of oil and Smith Africa’e deWmrpc@ err oil h@orts, rrpd they have srgcmired an embargo on ualaa of peWoleupa to Pretoria. Tcp wflde that embargo, ata fr well known, Sad& Africa conducta a mm3ive W3cret trude in oil, eyetmmatically tzcuwealing ftm mource63 of supply. . WE’. Wetanyahu, Ierael) In We t4etharlands there 1s an mti-aparrtheid organization willed the Shipping msma?xh Bureau. It work@ in aesociaticm with the Unitad Rlatiom Centre again& AmHzhefd. It monitor@ tanker? actually making daltveries to South Africa and, ae far aa gwsible, it tucePr their ownemhip and managemnt, ~8 uell as the origin of the oP1 those bankers are camying. Curiowly - or not 60 curiously - the Bureau publishes the names of the owners and managers of those ship8 and theie nat;fonalfti0s, but it system&ally conceals the countriee of origin of the Oil. But if one takes the data published by the Shipping Research Bureau and cross-regioters them with Lloyd @ 6 voyage records - which are publba knowledge and can be obtained in any large library - one can trace the shipmnts to the point of origin, and the findings are etrikirpg. The ldtest complete report we have is for 1984, and it gives the figures for 1981 and 1982. What do we see? Of the 49 shipments that the Bureau WAS able to traae to origin En the years 1981 and 1982, 37 shipments - thmat is, 76 per cent of the total - carrre from four Arab countrieo. Saudi Arabia for 39 per cent, the United Arab Emirates for 24 per cent, Oman for 10 per cent and Kuwait for 2 per cent. An additional 6 per cent cme from Wan. The 1981-82 survey also showed supplies from Iraq, Qatar, Bahrain, Abu Dhabf and Dubai. ft is also significant that the Arab share of South African oil, substantial ae it already is - 76 par cent in those years - has grown even further in recant gears. T&k figure, 76 per cent, that appeaes In the IL984 report is Significantly higher - it is almost double - the figure in t.h~ 1981 report. In 1901 it wae 36 per cent. so it haa grown by a factor of 2 between the 1981 report and the 1984 report. AS far a8 we can see, based on the information that we have in 1905, it has gone well past that. Xt went from 30 per cent to 76 per cent - to what? Eighteen &hi~~~~i;s have been traced so far in 1965 and one in the 1985 report, and 17 of (HE. Netanyahu, Israel) thsm have been twcad to tha Ambian Gulf - that lo, 95 per amt. .Othsr and that figure of 95 pm cent Gover~n~ have othec muLCes OF inforaation ceccsrrt2.y bara corrobcmted &y the mder-Secretary of the- PJoruptgi~ Foreign Ministry, Mr. G. Froymes. .Speaki.rag in the Hor:uegien Parliammt - thi@ was rqorted in Oslo on 9 July - he imid ‘Ninety-five per cent of the oil eupplied to South Africa coma from Arab States on the Persian Gulf, one half 02 thip. in diEe,CP; ~~~~~~~~Y What is the financial value of that oil7 If we take a miniabmlist view, if we 1o~k only at the oil that we know, on the boeio of the inform&ion with which 1 will supply the Assembly - that is, the oil that ha& been dafinately traced to the Persian Gulf - Arab exports axapr ise a aininum of $1.1 billion per YeaCe But if untraced oil comes from sources in the 6aue proportione aB the Norwegian Deputy Minister rraye, and a8 we can congim, Arab oil exports to South AfriCa mPris@ about $2.2 billion a year. This ekes the Arab States bigger exportete to South Africa tbsn Britain, at $2.1 bfllfon, or Japan, at $1.7 bflPionc and it makes them rWch bigger exporters than Israel, whose total trade - not just oil - mounts to. $100 suillion. Indeed, Arab oil exports alone to South Africa are about 20 time8 88 greet L3 Israelis entire trade. But What about the okher Arab trade with Sornth Africa? The Arab Stetee are also l.arge-scale importers of diamonds and gold from South Africa. World trade In thoS@ coaimditfes paesee through intetzidL~ti3 -iaakets, &ten t=nc?m in the cfme of gold, and it ie very hard to trace it, I hope that for the next General A88embly, for the n@Xt meeting on this item of the agenda, we shall be able to provide the Assembly with equally detailed statirrticn and data on this part of Arab trade. PIhat is clear today on the basi5 of the evidence already available is that the Arab posture - internationally and especially at the United Nations, where they pose as great friends of black Africa and epread gross exaggerationa and (Mr. Netanyahu, Israel) dietortiam about P~lra~~lb relations with th#t couutry - is a f@m. The Arab fuel, literally fuel, Soutb Africans emmoqy md they make a for=tqe doing hit. Amxtheid is tm great ar: evil to be ‘cynically manipulated =& a caa~~ign Of defamation and elender, partfoularfy when the slander io perpet+ed aa a Mel in an &seeoive caapaign against Imael, against a Me&er State of Ithi6 body. aaciem is indivisible. One canoe oppose it in me pcrrt of the world ando ouppor t 0): sp~uisccs in it in &lalc?tbar. L&i I&t: tbazefos3 tAilit& ici rr c-n effort: to -wipe out apartheid, anti-Zionism, anti-Semitism and all the other Wantha-, alI, ghe o&hgr : L. diseased forms of raoism and intolezance, that plague our would. Let us cleanse the earth of those evils, for the benefit of all unkind, Mr. EL-PAW&L (Syrienn Amb Republio) (interpretation from Arabia); We ; are pleased that the GeneraP Assembly is considering the itepil on.mrtheid at thie par titular time I when the attention of the whole world io directed at the popular struggle of the msse6 of South Africa againet the arrogant r6gim of Premria. The struggle of the people of South Africa is not new. It began with the European colonialist, eXpaneionistr Zionist attack that swept Africa, Asia and uein hmerica. (Hr. Bl-Fattal, Syrian .Arab ~publW . ._ V~~tigao am with us today, om of thea baing I~rael~ 1 !&at fo new in thpr ~sutb African struggle, howevgr, ia its cmprehemive .~ .- __ nature, for which theqe Lrr no precebnt eince the iweptfon of inutitutional amrtheid in l94g. !&d&y, it is be$ng waged by every .qector of the coueotgetou~ pea@6 of ScMb Afk%~e~ Sn every part a$ the country. ‘Phi6 popular uprising ha a revolution again& InjufMce, foreign inveotnmt, axpPoftation and srlavery. It irs ,= x revolutbn aimed at prexervfng the unity of the aountry. It ie a revolution for eslf-deteminatian 1s~ order to tamrtablieb a rdgime of the people to replace that of the white ainozity. Xt 13 ra revolution waged by a people determined to maintain its national identity, ite freedm W the fruitsl of ite labours. It is B revolution againat alienation and margfnaW3ation. It ie a revolution for freedom, equality and justice and again& the divisive etatue quo, againet relations based on black serving white, In other words, it he a revolution by the people against the imported colonialixesg it ie a revolution that is national a5 much ae Political, economia and s00ia1, a revolution whose goal is to rebuild social telatimb not on a ba8ie of giving but on a basic of the restoration of territory and national wealth losuuped by force. The revolution aim at freeing labour relations from slavery and achieving equality 90 that human beingo may be equal in rights and duties, and not in a mlationehip of 13hvt3 ana tmsiter. The new social contract thin popular revolution ie striving to achieve is a contra& of freedom and quality that will replace the COntraCt of slave and master that has been condemned by peoples everywhere and that ia todlay being underrsineU and eliminated in southern Africa. Soon, the plains, hills, rivers, valleys and forests of that land will return to their legitimate mday, we am wftnesaing a complete &mge in the eituation, a ehift in the balances in the falss h&.iefrp and predictiotas dfctated by the arrogance of the white minority and the intmnsigance of the-colcnialiats. The white rfnotity baa taken refuge in its cities, farms and ranches aq@ uses and exploiter OUL: black bro&here Pn m&h Africa bn it@ SBfVPC0. Today, we 8ee that minority that built UP it8 defences barricaded against the black peoples hamessed to sewe it. T&at ninority Umught tbag it i3iaci; btokn tie blaclt majority and sapped its will. That exploitative minority is today the primmer of its oun stxuoturee, inetitutfons, actions and plane. Xn spite of the attmpts of the white minority to tratmfer the battle to the black ghetto8 and bantustane, the flames of the battle have reached the enclaves of the white minority . ?%e calculatiom of the white planneru have proved wrong1 they have fallen into the pit that they dug for others. z’n all their calcul.&iom, they and their friends overlooked 3 basic factor in the equation, namely, the ability of peoples to break the yoke of slavery. In the wake of these developments scme of t&e white settlers would prefer to abandon the ship that is being tossed by the wind and waves and se& s3fety from the stormy sea6 Of the black pplation. Deep down, those whites know full well that the alasSeS can forget snd shOw tolerance, because it fs in t&a n3ture of all noble revolutions to forgive and esztend mercy to those who repent, adopt the principle of +WutiiVi arpong people6 and believe in the rights of citizenship. AS The courageam resfsrtance of the people of South Africa has spread throughout the entire country, rallying to its ranks students, lix.bQurers, housewives, mall entrepreneurs, brothers, mn5, the mlativee of the thousands in ptison and u&+r *Mr. Agiuo (Malta), Vice-President, took the Choir. aloo becauar of tlm &Oh it plays within the inpaKiaPrt ww?* front, where the mame have to dmrkcoy with their hmdo t&m strmuture csf wrtfmih tm%adly, the front of the tramrnatioml oosp~rs~iono amI the foreign tkwcakm3ts tit BT6 Qefwu3~ by tJme who reap the profits inaiae and outuic4le the Coouptsy ti wb urct and will b61 ~lstely eliminated by the mmmslg thiodhy, tie fmnt of the political, ~commia, mi9icacy and ~txategio dntoteotn sE world faper fslior. In •~it~0n to itfs strategically excellent military aitu8tiOn. south Africa ie an s&anoe bure of the g~APcy of hegemony imposed on the kfric8n covPtinent arwSl several other pate of? tlm wxl& Tha intm%ap8ndence of those thres fr:onto and their unity places a heavy resPonebi2itY on the popular resistam% of Ebuti~ Africa, which te fighting for lensaPE and for QMlQrlD aluo. The interrelationship of thee Elronte aPoo places a he~y tesponfkibfld~y on the United Naticms, which wrct sqqxxt the came of liberatim against the enemiur of humanity, thoao who stand to benefit mat frm perpetuation Of the life of a dgime t’nat is crushfng a whole people to Beaufe prosperity arul dominution for itself. Ehnte in 6outh Africa do not repreeant a civil. war. Xt is w locx~l war biurgi waged b~ thy whiia rrinsriicy on it@ own behalf and on behalf of othetteo for the tenefft of Western Capital and the imperialist military machine. The for the pW3ple Of South Africa ot declarations of solidarity with the front-lbnc? States, the itmuance of cmdsmnsatians and non-binding reaolutions. This reopcmsfbility must result in epzciLte supgx~ Ear the IXRWWW~P of national Wr. El-Battal, Syrian larab Rqublic) . The, responsibility of the united Nations also involves support for the front-line State6 by all mmns and in all forms because those countries areI by virtue of the policies Of Pretoria , actual front and confrontation portie6 - and the Confrontation wae &KEW on those c0untrbee. Aggression against those countries has become a daily habit, The wOrk of the United Nations is in fact a synonym for armed struggle. Raoolutiona, speeches and wfshesl cannot replace action by the United NatioruS. The ideal way to 6hOrten the path to liberation and to alleviate the pain . prOducea by the policy of oppression ageinst the South African Wale6 io to tilpoo@ . CoWrehensive mandatory sanctions againat the Pretoria cdgiroe under Chapter !‘ltI of the Charter. Howeverr world imperialism has opted for prolongation of the conflict tc+ maintain the agent r&gilrte. It ha6 resorted to, and ~A11 reeort to, &atruction of every aeriouti international actiofr to prevent the itupoaitiora of aanctiono. Thr$ resolutions of the Security Council, which are controlled largely by the United State6 on this particular question, are reeolutions with loo*oles that (2an be used ‘by the arm6 dealers and the lustful tzansnational corporations to bring about result6 contrary to those resolutions. The realities we aye considering testify to the fact that those prompaysnda ~ef3Olutiono are the rea6on people are left: to die. Washington, which supper trs by all means the nazi r6giae in Pretoria, is still advocating the constructive @~%J@~nt policy, the bankruptcy of which has been proven, particularly since the energies of the national resistance in South Africa have exploded as a rseult of that policy, which runs againrt the cour:oe of history. That policy has led! to oecslathon of i&o conf~ick and inascurity and instability throughout &outheetl Afr ica. NJt. El-Fattal, Syrian Arab Rewbl%c) Pnetosia ha6 eacallated its aat6 of aggression agafmtz nofghbouring Statee, including Angolr, Wrrasbfque, Botswana and kssthho. It has delayed aslution of the t&mfbian question. Even so1 the spokesaslrn for the White Souse says th8t th@ Uniwd States will not reconsider its policy vfs-&-vie South Africa8 rather, it believes in the objectives of tbae policy, according to The N@w York ‘Irims of 23 July 1985. fn Spite of the facte, in his statesent on rRe occasim of the fortieth annivessary of the United Nations Oresf&nk Reagan made no reference to the situation in South Africa, as though there were no crisis, no tragedy taking place there. That prompted bishop Tutu, who seeks to sustain human lffe and who advocates tie nCw-use of force, t0 sa;7 that that statewnt suppo-. ,d the racist policy of &wth Africa and was in itfielf KaCiSt. The valuable tX$ort before us under this item lau,wfp no rm for doubt that, had it ~x)t been for the co3,XwboriaH,crn between &cxw IATQ ~ountkie~ and Seth AffbcaLc it wuld have been wssible to alleviat@ the suffering, prevent so much bloodshed and accelerate the elimination of apartheid. The apartheid r&gin& still enjoys the sup.Wrt aid a=wtance csf mme of those countrfe~ and cormands a significant part. qf the isbilities of world imper9alism at II tin when world p&Sic opinion is EtKongly demandin: that all relations with south Africa be severed, individually and collectively. In tie are8 of trade, the report of! the Committee against Apartheid refers to the fact that sew-2 European countnies object to the impsftion of trade sanctionsV and affirms that there has been an increase in the trade relations between the South African regime and some Western European and North American States. There has been a remarkable increase in the number of visits by European trade missions TV smt:h Afrs’ln, Paragreaph 259 mention an increase of S per cent in the gcoua national prduot dUEill-9 1984 sltd of 4.S per cent in the gross dorPecrtic product. If one refers to table 7 on page 57 it will be noted that the Western democracies, forewst araon9 which iS the United State@, are South Africame leading trading partners as regards export8 and iaporttr. paragraph 259,statea that south Aftica’s expmrts to the United States accounted for 9 per cent 0% Pte total exports and that.$iouth Afrim*s imports from the United States accounted for 17 per cent of its total iarports. We refer to theee stati~ttce and to t&Pe 1, because we wieh to refute the ideas Propounded in the General &me&ly and the Security Council and directed against the third world and other countries. There are som who my that the Western democracies mmt, in view of their nature and objectives, pureue a policy that iE1 compatible with the wishes and aopiratfons of the peoples. Where are these democratic value8 when those Western countries contribute to the perpetuation ok pew ion and slavery3 Xt is not strange, then, that racist Israel is included in tm list of Western denocrracies. Generai Aosembiy docuoaent ~jGIi22iAdd.2 and Security Councii document 5/11562/Add.2, dated 34 October 1965, testify to the fact that the record of Israel is replete with cases of the plundering of our rights by the ZionioL entity, an entity that is no different from South Africa , and they alao refer to informati-n on incceasirrgl collaboration in all areas between the Pse’Loria and ‘1~1 Aviv regimes. Doth these zbgimes are based I in theory and practice, on the persecutix, dfoplaceMnt , suppression, killtklg and plundering of the indiyenous population, and the replacemf&z that population by foreigners. Those resoluticns go back to 1948. Document A/40/22/Add, 2 also says that EDrae imposed itself on Arab lands in Palestine by force and that the last LO years have witnessed an increasing Wll&b@XatiQo between t&e two r&frss of Tel Aviv and Pretoria amounting to a Vfd3ml aU.tamrct tUmt0ning peace and rpscurity in southern Urica and the nP&dle3 Zamf Rut also constituting B threat to international peace and SecurttY. Suffice ft to quote paragraph 5 of the report, containing a message to the Sp&ci61 ComPttee againat gartheid from Prima Minister Wobert Mugabe of ZWzabveS *TbiB evil crime (apartheid) is not, of course, confine4 to the African mntfnent. ltndeedo the doctrine of zionfsre is as dangeroutx and racist fn mWW9: aS amrtheid and is as much the real cause of conflict within the PIiddle East as apartheid itself is the central caum of conflict and tension within South Africa and in the entire region itfmlf. ‘Nothing demmstrates, or sore cleatly provesI the affinity between sfmfsa an8 apartheid than the undeniable, ever-growing level of political, rilitary and economic co-operation between the Poets and the Zionists - a truly unholy alliance indeed. “JUSt 88 in South Africa there can and will be no real movemeent towards peace and stability until those who have it in their power to bring peace accept that apartheid itself must be eliminated, so must those same people realioe that no lasting peace will come to the Middle East until the doctrine Of Zionism is abandoned and until Faeaningful, sincere dialogue begins between all parties involved in the conflict. %acial discrimination is indeed a scourge and a most dangerous one at that, but unlike disease or drought or famine - these bcii‘g thhe CaWUities of natUf@ - surges such as sttheid and Zionism are avoidable because they are man-%de and’ are brought about deliberately and consciously by man. too blind tm sThe Gpccrfal Courittee exprerrear its deep cmcern rt shea inr=rea@iw and =ntfaUilW collaboration b&w&m TmrrclP and South Africa, and in gartfcular their olcm? militety and nwlear co-aperaticm, which conatitutas B defiance of the Wited ~tfono and a thw~t: to peace and mtcur:ity nst only in southern Africa and the lQiddla lhat but aPro in the world at large. “The GPecPal Ccwuittee condeana thie c3kabolical allfance between Israel and South Africa and oallrr for concerted fnternationsP action againart it’. ~A/40/22/A&.L2, pares. 39 and 48) . It iOr Cl0 SacPet tha’;: IuraeP hae adopted 9% polfciee of f?is twin brother, glle racist Pretoria r&gfiao. The following WCUI published in The New York Time8 on 12 Augurt 19858 (apoke in Engrlieh) %mml and Wuth Africa have enjoyed increasingly warm relatiow since alraost all the black African States broke diplomtic ties with Israel between 1967 and 1974. According to South African Foteign Trade Organisations figure@, Israel cxpo’ ted about $65 milEion worth of good6 to Ebuth Africa latrt year8 including animal feeds, canned go&s and electronic, and iiq?orted about $100 million frw there, nearly half of it mineral prodticts such a8 c~nl. Israel aleo reportedly imports neatly $1 billion annually in South Afrfcan uncut diauc#nds, but this &mount is not included in official trade figures bmxm3c they are purchased thmugh Lmdon mm-k&s”. (continued in Arabi- A8 for the Israeli Pci~&+ Minirter, this is what he has said, tmxording to the ml&43 source, Tbs New York Timeas (@mke in English) i- “Peres, in A spmch here last night, eafd that Israel will continue to Mm. El-Pattal, Sycian Arab RepubTi. ) a Jeuiah cmity in South Afcfca. The cimaunity nu&ocs about 130,000, md many of them are ammg the leading foreign financial suppertecs of Israel*. (continued in Arabic) In regard ta military collaboration b~twma Iecaal and South Africa, the Economist reported the following in its issue of 20 Ju2yL "Yet Iscaeli-South Afcdean relations, especially rPflitary onesr are the cosiest of all. A host of joint research projects bind the countries toqethec. For imtance, South Af I: ican erteel ha@ helped to give the Hrkava an extra-Strong ocmuc-plating9 South Africa now amke!s its own version of the Kfir. A joint s&marine-building project is under way9 and - most sensitive of next-door Namibia) is thought to have been all - S0uth African uranium (fma used to develop IscaeP’s capacity for making a nuclear bomb*. (_continued in Arabic) The Syrian Arab Republic, on the basis of its comi~ment to the resolutions held in Luanda from 4 to 7 September 1985, fully supports the request of the Organization of African Uniey for the convening next year , on the tenth anniversary of the Sow&o uprising , of an international confenence for the imposition of CXWXti0S.S. The Syrian Arab Republic pays a tribute to the victimo of the racial appcessisn in South Africa. It expresses its admiration for ond salutes the hmoic rat~iakance OP the people of Azania - including children,, youth, women, the elderly - against the racist killers and the gangs of the aparttaeid r&f~. W@ 6WWrt the people of 0~~1th Africa jwt a8 we supprt the people of Paleatfne. we coneider that the struggle agaLiiG:. the two rdgir;es Pr, Q stcuggla againnt a co~i:~~~ amay that he6 daror?rrted t&e Territarler involved aud &MI tried to sample onpon all that ia tmcred and upon firacdorsr. UC are ooafident th*t victory will be the eiiy of the otruggling peoples on their path to the reotoratbon of thaiw legftfrste r fghtb . @Pbt fs 8 PorritfOn of principle cd c3ura - no mttrr Row iraparialierr tries to diurupt the unity of our fstruggle. me, like our Afdcan bmthem, know in advmce that our co-n rttruggle is a struggle for vr dmtiny. The questfon irt to be or not to be. And we will be. That iu the logic of history. We listened to the statement thie morning by Aabars.adot Waters of the United State6, ufpo WWWd U&d W%d.6d 118 that “one of the lessons of history 46 that we d0 not remember the lesfmns of history’. That is a view which we adopt and with which we agree. South Wfriea and Israel met accept the wish of those worda by the representative of the United Stateu. a This awning - and f wuld make it clear that tchfe is part of ay etatemamt ati not an exercise of my right of reply, as yet - we were the tax%& of cr&zyO mad attacks by Israel, beseiged in tie General Plrrmxably, by boycotted ImJraeh, by Icvrael whor;te representative empties the General Asse&ly Hall whenever he nwskm. mat he said contradicts words of wisdom of Cwab fbn-al-Khattab: “Hou could you enslave people when they wclr.e born r"ree to th@fr mtie~-~~~. ins. El-Pattai, Syrian Arab Repuklic) S am honouted that our Pztmident CXWM frav a mmtzy with which we have had links of civilization for a~errl oentuci~. Ha kuowo the exchangea that have taken place betwoeu our countries. European civilization today is a direct outcm@ of the Spanish-Arab interaction. During the Arab presence in Spain civilieatiorr flourished, md theDark Ages, the Middle Ages, of Europe, mme to an enif. That imigrant who came to ky country, Palestine, that imported imigrant, l . comea to insult the Arabs, denying theiu the credit for being the first ti abolish @lavoscy, whether of whites or blaoke. It was the first sivilization to do it - the Islamic Arab civilization. We come to the Assembly, and instead of hearing a clear condemnation of South Afrioa, inetead of our making efforts to take action or at least to issue a declaration of support for the people of South Africa in its struggle, a people that is threatened with annihilation, we see the representative of the Zionist entity, which is installing settlements in Palestine, a pact of the Arab territories, raising a magazine and telling the Assembly lies. When have cheap magazines been Part of the Assembly’s agenda? ~~55 not that incident indicate that Ioh-ael does not take the meeting seriously? Is not that an insult to the Arabs in Asia and Africa, an insult to all our Afrfaan brothers, particularly those in South Africa? Is it not a real insult, when Israel is a pioneer in its collaQorstfon with South Aftlca, iwrting uranium from it, exporting arms to it and taking part in killing the sons of the people of Zauth Africa, who sre today launahing an honourable uprising. It: is not enough to be coraplamnt, to praise onesel2, to have sufficient ego to insult others. Praising oneseXE is not enough to divert attention. I wish to quote frm The Washinqton Post of 18 August this year, which t-said that the Israeli Cabinet had unreservedly objected to the policy of apartheid in South 8frlca. But what does the CQ~QE~QE: tell IIF; in the came articLe in that: very respectable paper? It iE rrowtable, beclrusre it iu publishad in the neighhourhcod of tha White Rousa. That reopactablc papar and its ~aupuctable correspondent, Hr. William Claibcww, say (swko in mglieh) : 4?4wmimicatiaru3 Hinister Amon Pubbnstein, who prePrented a forerrll matian to condemn apartheid, South Africa’s policy of strict racial segmgatim, said after the Cabinet session that he did not press for econopic sancticns cannot be choosers. WC are @because Ierael is in a state where beggar6 boycotted by so many countries in the world that where we have trade we cannot afford to give it up’ l w (continued in Arabic) In spite of that, the Israeli representative claims that his country’s trade with South Africa is trivial fn volume, that it amunts to lose than the deals nade between other countries and South Africa. they like. I like American newspapers, because they report from Israel what why he The game article says that when the Conmunicatione Minister was asked topoke in English): *did not also condemn the extended emergency regulations .imposed by South Africa in the face of growing racial violence there, Rubfnstein replied: ‘Nations have to be very careful about how they judge other countries. One must limit oneself to ioeuee of human rights, issue5 of one’s phflosophyr one’6 txedo. Israel, toe, has emergency regulaticna hut has not used anything like the ferocity used in South Africa.” (continued in Arabic) P have faithfully quoted that paragraph. What doers it indicate? What do we understand from it? what are we TV understand from it after we have listened to Wt. WOIUGL (!3eychell@s) t Allou 1114r to bagfn by extending to . AaibasrPaClor de Pinids my del.egation@a warawt ccmgrcstulatfons on his election to preoidc over the fortieth sesslion of the general Wrs~iably of WC IBaited Hationo. ti ate Confident that his vast experience, wfdsm and pong associatfoh with the W.tcd Bbtionr will be instrumental in sucessfully pcasfding over the dcliberatims of thio historic asrseion. It also gives me pleasure to congratulate his preQ1Bce8sorr the Permanent Representative of Zashia, Ambassador Paul Lusaka, for the dedication and dewtion with which he guided the work of the thirty-ninth session of the Gencxl Asat My. Apartheid is evil, hideous, mcmstrouBr Apartheid ie a crime ?rgainlst humanity, an affront to the conscience of mankind. The policies of apartheid of the racist r&&e in Pretoria constitute a sourrx of tension, instability and conflict, endang@ring national, regional and international peace and security. ft is sad to note that the VW= fundamental. principles forming the bedrock of this Organization and of the brotherhood and sisterhood of hurmnity are severely threatened by the arrogance and greed of the minority r6gime in Pretoria. Despite the GreEtiOn Of trfcamral pnrlia*nt_a - 5 EErp ala?mti3tban of the fkxztrine of eeparation - the present, sad reality in South Africa is that racism ie the order of the day. The majority is still denied participation in the process of governsnent and tie carnage continues unabated. During the past yearI the Only action we have witnessed ia the escalation of violence within Ei~uth Africa. Tn the pursuit of their noble etruggle againnt oppreaeion , exploitation and the denial of their right to exercise fully their legitimate rights to aelf-determinatfon, the appanente 0% apartheid have been fsced with arbitrary abdests, inpriaomcnt WithOUt trial and trngfc and brutal rl~ss~crco. Nest ly a thwoand people e have been killed in the streets of South Africa during the past 12 monQ~s, and the incarceration of thsueands of school-children p women and workero daring to demand justice and fzquality still persi.sts. Not content with brfnging mioery, dsvtruction and blooil~ud to its own psoPle# tb racist rdgiea has Cxmtinucd to eXport violence to nefgMlourfng camtrierr with a;he ab of destabflj+ZiW them* 9%~ want: barbaric mts of aggression against innocent People in Angala, such as the rsendiq of cm units ta bPow up thh~ Cabindrc, 00 installation6 in Angola in the RC@6 Of OPippliug the acmcmry of thet Country, the recent cold-blcoded murder of inuccent persple in Gwbarsne , Botswana and the different action2 of the tCgime against fasothos Zambia, &za&ique and ~i&m.bwe, are clear mnifestatfonm of the rbgime’6 cycle of violence and destabilization. W, the people of Seychelles, wiPl always remtaber the aggrewsfon by &NM Africa againat our 6overebgtrty and territorial integrity in November 1991. The intensity and bfroensfo41 of the uprieingcr and demmetrations in South Africa show that the patience of the oppreesed has been exhausted. My country ha6 never mf66ed an opportunity to appropriately condem the policies of aPatthefd both at hm@ a8 well as in international forums. At great cost to our country, both in Becur bty and ecommic terns , we have isPpleimntad 0%i6tftIg international resolutions against: apartheid including the barming of South African Airways from landing on out soil. Let this be an exprafS3ion of solidarity with the opprerseed in south Africa and with the democratically minded. My delegation beXievea that only the eradication of apartheid ifna the establishment of majority rule on the basis of Erae ‘nd fair exercise cf universal adult SUffCWe by all people in Q unitedi nnd non-fragmented k%uth Africa can lead to a just and lasting solution of the explosive situation prevailing in South Af r ica and southern Af f ica . thase actions. (Mr. Ibrel, Seychelles) Hy delegation aXvo wiuheo eo rsrlce a vPibrmt call for tha trEaimitfon of Wth M!rica@o fllegaE occtalgetkoa of #a&&a aa ~11 1pg *de frrpoaition oE couprehensfve dtory QC~C r~ticm~ on South Africa, partfculazly by thoue nation8 which hU3 tbt cvpabilfty to rake the greatest difference. 1 should like to.conclude by eayfng that the dfmantling ok apartheid will kcom reaifty only if there ie cmcerted action by all concerned, eupecially those PCW~EU that wit&d fnfluence on south Africa. w have recently witmmed a dependent and vulnerable SOUO~ ~rica succumb to econarric preseure from Western countriefb. This vuEnembf~fty was dcaormtxated by the Rervoume68 that led to 6 heavy depreciation of South African financial tnstruaenOsr cm international markets. The hope is mt all the recount eventa have made it cleat that @I@ pcoPl@ Of South Afr Sea will not, t+e c0wed Into eubafasion. . As the Special Ccmmunfqu6 on sautb Africa adopted by tim t&m-Aligned Movtmnt in their recent Ministerial Conference in Luanda, Angola, stated: “The count&iJn to the colEapse of apartheid has started in earnest.” Mr. (SMYEZ EKUWD (Bolivia) (interpretation from Spanish) : When it is a lldtl3r of defending the freedom of peoples placed under the yoke of a syetem as galling to human dignity as apartheifi, the Gwerment of Eolfvla camot remain indifferent. That is why my deI.egation, as in previous years, is raifiing its voice in thiu debate once again to exprase ito absolute and unqualified cclnderenatian df this deW?icable paactice, which is in every respect incompatible with the Charter and constituteo a crirae ayainet humanity anA a threat ta international peace and security. The population sf aolivia is made up several ethnic cultural group6 which have learn-4 to 1 ive in pace and harmony with each other , constituting a true rfatiof3. Our swiety is ffuxk up fat the mak part of rural ppulations of American origin, (Hr. tikmez Ploland, Bolivia) of pixed race and whiter. It i6 a 6ocfe”y in which all enjoy equal rights, Ereedomo and guaranteeao ‘without distinction as to race, ueac# language, religion, politfcal 01: other opinim, orfgin, economic Or social c&ttion, or distfnctfon of any other fn conformity with what is Paid down in article 6 of the Political Constitution of BoLdvia, which prwide~ the cornerstone for my country'6 legislation. That is why every Bolivian is filled with revulsion over the fact that in other muntriee there should persist racist r#gimes such au that of South Africa where the heinous r&?iae of apartheid, which violates the Y08t elemntary human righte, still enduree. Deepite COWItleSS reSolutiOnS, decioione and appeal6 fro@ this Organfzstion in the last 40 yearSf that ie to Say, VirtU6lPy SiilCe its very cr6Stim, South Africa continues to defy the World, seeking to irapo6e and to safntain by force it6 shameful System of racial dl6crimination. We believe that the time has come to consider and further to adopt appropriate sanctions against South Africa until we have reached the cmplete eradication Of. apartheid and the establishment of a democratic government with freedom for all south Africans, which will make it poosible to resolve the conflict in that country in a just and lasting way. ThiS was aleo stated last August by the Co-ordinatinq Bureau of the HoverPent of the Non-APigned Countries. The armoganlstt and high-handedmom of the Pratoria rdgibm aanWt ‘WI mh~luld not continue. My delegation received with deap indi.qnatioln the new or the ixecutfon on 18 Osrtaber: of Benjamin Bbfoire, pergMrated by the Sauth M!rican Govarmnt deepit@ the appals addrosged to ft by the international cxM8Runity that hfer life should be rpared. ~~izordingly , we reiterate our condrruurtion of that #urder# and fKOEI thilB rostrum we pypy a beart-felt tribute to the taemry of that &mth African martyr who gave his life in one of the roost noble and Juet CBUPIQO, tha otruggle for mango fraedon and dignity. We hope that barbaric acts such am the brutaP uurdcr of HE. Moloiae and of mmy other people will not be repeated in South Africa or in any other aountry of the world. On the contrary, we ilope that there will be an end to all. unjurt and wrongful actions and eituationr~, guch aa the long impriaonazcYnt of Weluon Mandela. We address an appeal to the Government of 6outh Africa for the inaedimte md umconditiona2 release of or. Mandgla and the other political prf@one~s and detainee8 who arc at present iqxisoned in the gaols of that country. My delegation wishes to point to the efforte made by Biehop ksmmd Tutu in hia struggle againet raciem, and we point to the affortu of w@de by Bishop Tutu in his struggle against racim, and we promise out fir-at support for that cawe* In paying a tr: fbute to the efforts of Mr. siahw Tutup we are at the sar&e tima paying a tribute to the majority of South Africane, who are fighting heroically to reeiat the injustices of apartheid. In Concl~fonl f wish to place on recerd the support of my Governamt for the uork being done by the Special C!o::~~~ittee againat Apartheid and the Ad !Xnz CcmmPttae an the Drafting of an Intcrnationnl Convention again0t Apartheid in Spmt8e we (Mr. Gonaez Boland, Bolivia) wiPP b cxmphte%y free of the hateful system ob aparthePd and of all other forms of racisP dbcrimination. Mr- EbaliY (Egypt) (intergzetation from Arabic): The event& that have taken p3ace during the pa8t few uonthr in South Africa have clearly shmm the avant of the oppmition of the black majority of the citizens of that State to the policy of amrtheid imposml upon it by the c&Me of Pretoria. They have also d’wbnl that the PU!tCbria IF&giw& in dealing with thee~ event&, has clearly depend& an 430~8 viaPence a8 the only means of it6 slurvival. fnotead of those, events being consfdmad as a cause for review of their policies and racist prwtieee, thy have born exploited as a rewmn to tipwe a state of -ergencyO to tighten the hold of that r6gim on the regions inhabited by the black citizens, and to eliminate any resistance or opposition, be it the spontaneous opposition of the broad masses or the organfzed opposition of the church and trade unions. 04ouevef, the inereati and intensffiej oppesitio~~ of the black people has spread to new areas. They have shown that, regardless of the violence that the Pmtoria t64iRle is using against the black citizens, ft will not be able to stifle this resistance and to control the raas~es rejectitq racist practices and calling for their jut and legitimate rights and dignity. This revo?.ution inside Gouth Africa has led to ip reaction of the human conscience in W.rious places and in all walko of life. Trle international cmmunity has ‘T:COUE perfectlcognizant of the reality of the racist practices in South africa, despite the attempts by Pretoria to deceive world opinion through the irtrciduction of what are called reform6 of the apartheid poPfey, cogsrd2esf.z of the fact that this *partheM policy cannot be reformed but mutt be totally and coq.lPetely eliminated. Bets oga in, the Pretoria r&ime has Shown: throqh its practices and throbgh ita Prdr& Mini~~ter, that :@. ~ya no heed of consideration to the ~ondomnstion rind (Mr. Khralil, Egypt) bumciation of the international community, and intends to continue to alppLy thWe Wlicie& and to continueP to challenge the international will. There remains the question of what the fnternatianal community can do and what ~i%Weo can be taken to counter euch acts by the Pretoria r6gilte and ite insisterze on using violence againat the black majority= MD Oliver Ta&o, the Chairman of the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC) responded to this question when he eaid in a speech made while ViSitbig Lisbon on 20 &tob@2:: “It i8 important that the international coxnunity translate its pressure on the racist r&gime of South Africa into epxdfic and concrete measur@st for it has becone clear that mere condemnations are futile.* The delegation of Egypt wishes in this context to express appreciation to the Govermnts and popular organizationa which declared their rejection of the practices and measures adopted by. the Pretoria r6giraer and of the acts of oppreesion and suppression against the majority of the populction, and also to those organizations and Goverments which have expressed their determination to apply sanctions against that rigim. Howevert we believe that this should not be * the alternative to a clear, specific mea&ure to be adopted by the Security Council to ~~FXRDZ comprehensive mandatory sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Natione, in order to compel this r6gime to abide by the resolutlans of the Or~AhZAtiOn And to Abandon the policy of apartheid, which the General Asse&ly has declared to be a crime against humanity. The crushed masses of South Africe have carried out their responsibilities in cm-a,tilag ~ac%sff!, and they have paid a heavy price in the bled of their people, many having died &ring the evente that tssk place in September last yearp in imprisoned, detained and tortured. Dai.1. JL read f.n the newspap?liu of new events and incidents, and today WC have heard the news of the death of a number of militant blacks in a very ugly mmner. Theodore it ncrw fafla to the international camnfty, and to the United Nations which e%grotews tie will of that czomaunity, to shwldet its reeponsibility in order to alleviate the sufferings of this heroic people and put an end to the hateful practice of apartheid. The use of violence by Pretoria is not something new. The r&gime as such was founded on violence, both internally and externally. It continues to occupy the Territory of Namibia illegally and is carrying out acts of aggression against neighbouring African States. It As also creating disturbances and problem in the area. These should be considered as different facets of the same problem. The extent of the violence of the r&ime has reached an unprecedented level of brutality and intensity. It has become the main element and cause of instability and problems in the area. It has also exposed the area to varioue elements of i. fluence from outside, and we are not exaggerating when we say that to allow the r6gime of South Africa to continue its racist poPicies inside the country and its acts of aggression against neighbouring States, together wtth its continuing occupation of Namibia@ will have fnr-reaching consequences, not only for Southern Africa but 5150 for Africa as a whole and for world peace and security. We are in full agreement with what has been stated in the Declaration of the recent Ministerial Regional Conference on 5ecurity, Disarmament and Development in Afries, held in LOT& between 13 and 16 August 1905. We fully agree with ita statement that the elimination of the srtheid system and the attainmnt of -- immediate independence by Namibia in accordance with the pertinenreoolutione of t’nc United Nations and the Organization QE African Unity would greatly reduct! the climate of tension and conflict in southern Africa, and enhance the prospects for d isarmamenL, development, security and peaceful. co-operation throughout R.f.rica. (Mr. Khalil, Kqypt) The Rgyptian Oelegation wishsa to express its appreciaticr. to the Special Cwttse ?gainst &artheid, and in partllculaE to itf# Chairman, Hr. Garba, for their efforts to follow and record all the events taking place in South AZricar and for their work in organking conferences and seminars to revea’C the truth about agqe thrfd . Wypt reaffirms its support for tlie four points set out here by Bishop Dermond Tutu. Kgypt has always stood firmly and strongly by ifi, brothers in South Africa fighting for their legitimate right to justice, equality and human dignity. We take this opportunity to reiterate our detemiuation to provide the aaximuw possible material and moral suPport to that heroic people and its national liberation movements, until their aspiration to a democratic State, free from distinctions and discrimination between citizens, is fulfilled. The EBESIDE?JTt X call on the Obeerver of the Palestine Liberation Organization, in accordance with resolution 3237 (XXrX) , of 22 November 1974. Mr. TKKZI (Palestine Liberation Organization (PIO))r At the outset, I Wieh to place on record our great appreciation of the wcrk done by the Special Ceamittee against Apartheid.and the personal efforts of its Chairman, Rmbaseador Garta. Before the Security Council the other day, in an attempt to justify the aggreesion of Israel against Tunisia, the representative of the racist junt-a in !bl Aviv complained that more than 600 attacks had killed or severely wounded more than 75 Israelis during tie paet year. Naturally, those! attacks have been described by many different names, but as a result the Israeli lrepressive measures escalated and the farces of occuprstio,~ became wilder and more barbarous, to the extent that they attacked a Race-loving State Member sf this Ocganiza! ion, Tunisia. (Mr. Terzf, PIQ) otruggle agaiuat the racist r4git~e of Pmtoxia. For then it i8 no longer a matter of pleaa, or calla, or appeale, in an endeavour to arowe the humanitarian emotionr and conlcciousnsrrs of the world. It ie not a struggle to be allowed l@gally to mrW, a white Wblondiem with blue eyee. It if3 a revolution, the national liberation akruggle of a pmple to achieve itu full politiaal, social and economic rights. It is the struggle by il people to attain and exercise human rights. That . struggle has turned out to be the only way to attain those rights, efruply becaU8@ non-violence has only entrenched the obduracy of the racists. The sltruggle for eelf-determination ie a legitimte course of action , and ‘in the cam of Nqmibia, South Africa and Palestine we, the peoples of tholie places, have the right to puzaue that struggle by all. available meana, ineludingr of course, rightful armed etruggle. That course has become an inalienable right and has been reaffirmed in a nunrber of General Assembly resolutions, in particular reeoaution 3070 (XXvI~II 8 dated 30 ~~ovemher 1973. The mere affirmation of the Inalienable right of a people to self-determination ie not the answer; it is not the solution. And in this context even the right of self-determination of the Palestinian people h&rJ been denied by the Washington Administration. mat is really needed io more than lip-service or good wishes. What is needed and demanded from the international community 18 action ts eliminate, eradicate, the ideology, the pc~lbcy and the practice of the abhorrent racist apartheg rdgime. A mm-&r of speakers have asserted and affirmed that comprehensive mandatory sanCtiOl)sI ae provided for in the Charter I should be imposed on the rhgime in wetaria. The argument thhat economic oanctiono would bring more harm and mieery to the “~OOZ bksck war ker” in an insult to human intellfgence. whose who shed crocodils tents seem to be calling for the revival of the serf-suzerain, rebtionshig, or the slave-master relationnhip, or, in mre rcccnt termsr the So-called econoric integration iu a farce. We my not have heard about it in aie Hall, but we have heard frrx: many other people that in South Africa there it3 emnQmio integration of the whites and the blacks. That ‘.I a farce- What is needed is a radical change?, a comitient to the international consenausr and the effective eradication of discrimination between human king@ Qn the basis of race, colour or ethnic origin, Violent resistance to a racist regime, .uhether in South Africa, Namibia ot omq?ied Palestine, is not incidental; it is not wxfdental) it is not the response to sane whim. ]ct is a historical inevitability. The rewdy col~es through addressing the real issue, which is racism, &ether ue call it apartheid of ZiOIlilaa. The issue is alien Subjugation and foreign occupation. The issue is anachronistic ideologies and policies. It is as if the world had forgotten what nazfslp had brought to it and the miseries it suffered, even though this is the year in which we are celebrating the fortieth anniversary of the defeat of Hitler and his nazi ideology 9 The iesue is the defiance of racist regimes or jr:n$36. The issue really is the support that those rt5gimee and juntas re12eiw2~ csnverC.y or ovcrrtb~r fYtx% f:M There iS a linkage between Pretoria and ZeL Aviv that, whatever my by mid in this Hall, cannot be denied. Ideokugically qxiaking i mthsid n.nd Ziondsitr a~& --- %ur hi8toryg - that is hie hietory - ‘is the grsatart maeterpiace of the cmitur iao. Ma hold this nationhood as our due for it ua# given uu by the Architect of the UniverLpe” In thiu oontext he ir csferring to Altaighty God. Wir [God’s] aim was the formtfon of a new nation among the nations of the world. The last hundred yearo have w8tneeaed a miracPe Whind which wst lie a divine plan. Xmdsed, the history of fhe Afrikaner reveals a will and a dete:errinatfcm which mkea one feel that Afrikanerdom fe not the work of men but the oreation of Gad." Malan went on to eayr “W sleo willed that the Afrikaans people should be continually threatened by other peoplee. There was the ferocious barbarian who resisted the intruding Christian civilization and caused the Afrikaner’s blood to flow in stream. m on the other hand the Zionists claim l a super-rational relationahip between the Land of Israel and the tribe8 of Israel. The land, as the fulfilment of a promise in the Covenant to the tribe8 of Israel, is a holy possesaim of the Jews. Their claim is eternal and eacxed and they cannot be divested of their rights. .The establishment of tie State sf fsrael in 1940 wasp therefore, a re-establiehmnt - a fulfilment of the prophapcy of restorationt a vindication of the prophetic vision of the Bible. IvsraeE is, thewufore, unique and miraculous.” se3 ttns Linkage there is vcey ca?er. Maybe that is B)GKE! ideology, but we know hkstoricelly #at &Smuts rind @izI.mm, who eventually becare the first President of Xwael, ceccqnha& t.heP~ ePaiLarity iend EulJy agpreci3ted the cm~nalkty. ‘Ehey laid t.hs ground-miek for: tht? dangaxxae rclatbonship. The c+kmK!.aeFtAeo bctwan Israel and Gc,ath Africa am basic and fundamentaX and therefore totally unaffected , (Hr. TerzP, HO) by the vfcieaitudea of politius in both countries. These sirPPlar%tiee and ~rPonalftics have been best exprerued in the organ of the Nations1 Party in tbe Cape Province on 29 May 1968, as followa: *hzael and Soutb Africa bave a commn lot. Both are engaged in a struggle for existence and both are in constant claoh with the deCfsiv@ vbrbtfes in the United Nations. ‘Both are reliable foci of strength witbin the region, which would without tbesll fall into a&-Western anarchy. It is in South 8friCa"o interest that Israel is successful in containing her enemies, who are among our own soPrt vicious enemies, and Israel would have all the world against it if the navigation route around tbe Cape of Good Hope should be out of operation because South Africa’s control is undermined. The antbWeSt@rn Powers have driven Israel and South Africa into a community of intereet which had better be utilized than deni4.” 1 repeat, that that f61 81 quotation from the Burger, the organ of the National Party in the Cape Province, dated 29 May 1968, should anybody need further evidence about the relationship between Tel Aviv and Pretoria. In tbs economic field, ‘of course, everybody is aware of the relationship, but what ie more dangerous here is that, while Europe imposes some sort of boycott on South African produce, that produce is being marketed in European markets via Xsrael, through the free trade zone facilities granted by Western Europe and recently by the United States. It io al]. right1 let western Europe and the United States impose a boycott of South African produce; they can still get it on the markets of the United States because there u free trade zone area for Israel and that is how the thingo come in - just marked “made in Ls~ael” - and Lhat i6 it. A speaker this morning alleged here that Zfoi?fom was a national kiteration mwamcnb,. I have never 1~;ard of a national liberation m~~vement which thrives c3n denying the inalienable rights of people. ‘rhlat is an insult to the intelligence (Hr. Teroi, XT&) andtothecouon tempt of ~tional liberation. No c?ue lslnde a national lbaratiercr ~~~e.ment by depxiving people of living in peace in their mm homea. Yet that was thsstatcuentthia JW35crxrbly wao rubjeded to thisr0rniW. WhWe iS th&t national lfberntiun SovemmtP None other than #Ibert Einstein, fn am of his derrcrtptims of the so-called Hetut Party md f~ the best Of W k-ledge the gentles&m who uttered those unacceptable woxde thiu mcmfng belongs . to that party ” 5tatedr “within the Jewish community [the Herut party] lava preached a mixture of ultx~tfonalism, religious mysticfma and racial Poperiority. LLka O&X FaSCb5t parties, they have been used to break strikes, and have themaefwea pressed for the destruction of trade unions. In their stead they have pb’msed corporate unions on the Italian Fascist model. "During the last years of sporadic anti-British visleaccr the frown Zvai Leumi and Stern groups fnauguratd a rceign of terror in the Palestine Jeeish comunity. Teachers were beaten up for speaking against them; adults were shot for not letting their chilldren join them. E3y gangster rcmthods, beatings, window smashing and widespread robberies. the terrorists bntii&Iated the population and oxwctod a heavy tribute. . *The people of the Nerut party had no part in the constructive achisveeaente in Palestine. They . . . only detracted from the Jewish defence activities.* Albert Einstein was right. He had mme docmnted infomatian t”nat the HPerut party ~a.6 a collaborator with the Nazis and I am anhmed that in this Hall a aeat is given to a modea: of the Harut party, a collaborator with the NaziSo I: ehould like to quote fsom a documsnt of the LrglPn zvai Lmmi, which waB a pre@usucx or the military wing of the Hcrut party. 1%~ rt?adcjr “On nutwroun axasiane prominent. at.ab3omcn of the national ewhatiat Germany unAerl.fned in their remarks that the nw osder of Europe rf~?Wired (Hr. Terzi, PLO) a radical rcrlufion to the Yewieh queotion through evacuation, a Judcnrein Butopo. The macuation of the Jewish 6~66e6 from Eurogw is thsir pra-ccmdition for tba uolutiou of the Jewieh queatiou, whLch, bow6verr 6olelY and finally become& poauible through reuettling those m666e6 in the h-land of the Jewirh peop?.e in Palestine and through @rtabliehing a Jewish State witbin it6 hiokoric frontiaro. Vhe aetabliohaarit of a hiutorical Jewirh State on a national and totalitarian besie with contractual rebtiOn6 with the German Reich would be in the interteat of luwintaining and etrengthening the future Cieruwi poeition in the HiddIe East. And the co-operation of the! ferraeli liberation movement muld be along the lines of one of the k6t 6peache6 made by f&e Geman Reich’s Chancellor, Herr Hitler, in which he 6tPe66ed that he ,dould use each combination and coalition in order to ieolate and defeat England.* That isr the party to which the gentleman who spoke here earlier belongs. Yet he ha6 the audacity to come here and tell the A66embly about a national liberation movement . However, I am not surprieed becauee rt the other tip of Africa his collaborator, Balthazar Jon Voreter, who designated himself a general in the Pro-No6 i South Af r icen nationalist rxmwwnt, wa8 f.ntarned dur in3 the war .qa fnst the Nazie for his opnosition to the allied war effort aga1r@t Nazi Germany. And hare ut cm 998 the fdaologfcol acmnwtbon between &ha nazia, the AfrMmr r~prarthiQ ptople and the !~ionieU in my own country. Uayim I have pwhapu taken a gaclB seal of tti, but P thought tt important to mcalr, tho00 thh~~. I came this morning to apeak about the policies of aperrtheid OE the “merlrPult of South Africa, but then when f saw that thie rostrum taad lwen &NliWd to defend a nazi ideology 1 thought I would just make thinge clear to the As&Wbly . Reverting to the ifme at hand, what is to be done? What ke to be done to elfmiminate all forrao of ra@isrP? S am mm the pecplee 02 South Africa and of Namibia and we Paltstiniants, having PIO other option to quarantqe the free exercise of our inalienable right to self-deteraination and other human right@ recognized and categorically mentioned in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, have no other option but to pursue the course of legitimate etruggle ‘y all available meana, including armed struggle. The International Convention nowhere epenke of reform. xt aItplicity aims at the eliPination of all forms of racial diocriminatfon. It does not deal with a patchwork of reforlae and face-lifting. It callo for their e.l imination. Thus, the Western P~ero, and Xashinyton D.C. In particular, have before them only one course of action - the course of action described in the principles of the Charter, those primiples that wz are all here to honour - and thaf: is the unanimous decision to impose mandatory and comprehensive sanctions. And if It wae not resolved yesteaday, then it must be resolved today. But nevee leave it for tomor cow. Saving huraanfty and :-he human race ie not an iscue that can be delayed frkkfi -iately. We bcllsve that b,y euch action the crthei: extreme - namely, the Zionint raciGt junta in Tel hviv - will be brought to rtaiize that ito raolsm, its Qlr, Tarxf, PF.0) racial dfrrcxibmtion and its racial practices and brutality will not be perltiftted TV last: eternally - not even to survive. The legitfmarte course of armed struggle will cWItinue until racism and oppression have been replaced by peace and resect fQr h-n and national rights. The meeting EOSO at 2.05 p.m.