A/43/PV.64 General Assembly

36.  ~LICIES OF APARTHEID OF THE OOVERRtfENT OF SOUTH AFRICA (a) REPORT OF THE SPECIAL QJMMITTEE AGAINST APl-tRTHEm (A/43/22) (b) REPORT OF THE INTEROOVERRtlENTAL GROUP TO MONITOR THE SUPPLY AND SHIPPING OF OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUcrS 'lU SOUTH AFRICA (A/43/44) (c) REPCRTS OF THE SEatETARY-GENERAL (A/43/682, A/43/699, A/43/786) (d) REPOR'l' OF THE SPECIAL POLITICAL CDMMI'l'TEE (A/43/802) (e) DRAFT RESOWTIONS (A/43/L. 30/Rev .1, A/43/L.3l and Corr .1, A/43/L.32 and Corr.l, A/43/L.33 5ndCorr.l, A/43/L.34 andCorr.l, A/43/L.35 andCorr.l, A/43/L.36 'and Corr.l, A/43/L.37 and Corr.l, A/43/L.38, A/43/L.4l, A/43/L.42) Mr. OUDOVENKO (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republics) (interpretation from Russian): The history of the struggle against apartheid goes back for decades now. This year we mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Special Committee against Apartheid, which gives reason for a detailed analysis of the efforts of the international colIIDunity to eradicate apartheid, a er ine against mankind and a serious threat to peace and security. Many do not hide their disappointment that the efforts .dade over so many years have not led to the desired results. The apartheid regime surv ives, and it cootinues to impose suffer ing on millions of people. The Ukrainian SSR, which in all United Nations activities has actively adYocated IIlClSt effective measures aga inst the raciet regime" shares the serious concern at the absence of any fundamental shift towards a solution of the (X'oblem of how to erad;,cate apartheid. However, in our view what has been achieved is not insign! ficant, and it would not be right to fall to see the positive changes that h.,e taken place. The condemaUon of apartheid is now universal in sccpe. The anti-apartheid lIlOII'ement hu become wor id-wide and includes all countr lea and continents. There is growing international isolation of the racist regime. More and more countries are joining in the boycott of South Afr,iea in the ~reas of diplomatic, economic, military, sports and cultural ties. All of this did not happen by itself, of course, but resulted from determined effort. The Special COIIIDittee against Apartheid played a significant'role in this regard. Working tirelessly, it has earned well-deserved recognition by broad international public opinion and within the United Nations. If the Gcnernment in Preta:ia has been forced to withdraw in any .y during these years, to resort to manoeuvring, to replace a nunber of racist laws, that is p:oof of the efforts and the strength of the growing opposition within the country and the result of pressure from the international colllllunity. There has also been a significant bceakthrough with a view to a ~eaceful settlement of the conflict in the southern Afr iean region. The political mechanism is now in place-, opening up the path towards a peaceful and political solution of acute p:Clblems and giving grounds for hope for Angolan security and Namibian independence • we welcome the agreements reached in Gen.wa. The talks were successful because the participants demonstrated political realism and a will to reach I'l1Utually acx:ceptable decisicns on the basis of balancing the interests of all parties involved in the conflict. Roweller, we should like to emthuize that it is (Mr. OJdovenko, Ukrainian SSa) , essent1el to t!Pply those agreements tmtil they are fully completed. time, unless there is a solution to the problem of apartheid, it wUl not be possible to arrive at a full and final settlement of the conflict in southern Afr iea. Of course we cannot forget what is happening in South I!\frica itself v whel'e the wite minccity regime, supposedly reforming its outer face, is in fact cmtinu!ng to pursue racist policies and to flout the elementary rights of the majority of the people in the country. The Pretor: ia authorities, haY ing annoll\ced a state of emergency in the country, have not weakGned repl'eBsion l'ut ha\~e stepped it up, trying to crush My activity against apartheid by force. The number of executions carried out in South Afr iea makes it nunber one in the wor:ld Ql this scor:e. As can be seen from the report of the Special Committee against Jlpartheid, since the state of emergency was imposed in 1986, over 30,000 people hwe been arrested. Between Decellber 1987 and March of th is year, 37 political tr ials were completed in South Afr iea. Last year, according to the South African p:ess, 164 persona were executed there. At pr:esent 62 criminal trials under way - this is according to information madQ available to the General Assellbly - and 6~1 accused are involved in them, while 110 people who have struggled against racism have been condemned to death since the beginning of this year. The regi_ is cc;ntinuing to paslII such sS'ltences, erl8n on persons not directly involved in incidents who were siJaply attending events or: shared the general viewl! of the participmlu. Rere it may be reealled that on 23 NOV'el'lber, in its resolution 623 (1988), the Security Council expressed serious concern ~er the intention of the South African author:ities to carry out the death sentence p:onounced on an activist against aertheid, Paul ~fo. Setlaba, on the basis of the {Mr. O1dovenko, Ukrainian SSR) At the: same doctr ine of so-called commca purpose. '!'he security COuncil urged the Gcwernment of , . SOuth Afr iea to stay execution and connute the ~eath sentence against Paul '!'em 8etlaba in order to avoid further aggrwating the situation in SOuth Afr iea. As can be seen fr om the r ep:)r t of th e ~ecia1 CODIllittee, Pretor ia, carrying out this policy of oppression within the country, is at the same time stepping up its terror ist activities in other countr ies. fot1~ders of distingUished members of the African National Congress (ANC), whidl occurs elFen in the cap! tals of. Western COW'ltr ies, are intended to weaken the national liberation llDVement. The Ukrainian SSR strongly condemns the policy of t~u:rorism and mass reprf1ssion pursued by the racist regime. We call on the leaders of South Africa illllllediately and W'lcanditionally to release Nelson Nandela and all other political pr isoner s, and to begin a tr ue dialogue with the genuine leader s of the Afr ieans there. Pretoria has quite openly resumed its wide~ran9ing practice of forced .removals of the black population to "homelands-, one of the moat flagrant effects of the apartheid system. The so-called municipal elections of 26 OCtober and the perli_entery reform cannot hide the outrageous injustice that has caused 85 per cent of the p:)iJUlation of the country to be depr: ived of its funds_ntal ric#lts and freedoM. At this sesaim the General Assellbly has quite rightly aBs8ss11d thnee elections and emphasiZed that they will only lead to a further "«Selling of the already explosive situatiCl\ that has developed in South Africa under Bertheid. w. believe analysis of occurrences in South Africa leads to the conclusion that first, the racist 1'egi_, broadening its I18SS repression, ccntinu. to ignore the appeals of the international coJllllunity and dellOnstrates no desire to achieve a politiCill settlement of the conflict :in the country and seCClndly, the tnternational colllllunity must respond to the regime's stepped up repression by strengthening sanctions as effectively as possible by peaceful means to force the Government of Pretoria to agree to a political settlement of the conflict. A consensus ClI\ the question of effective measures has newer been so close as it is today. It is only the position of a few countries, certain well-known countries~th&t has ~eI7ented the security Council from adopting a decision on cOmpt'ehensive and mandatory sanctions. As far as the Ukrainian SSR is concerned, our people always teels deep solidarity with the optressed people of SOuth Africa. The Ukrainian SSR will continue strongly to support all actions by the United Nations to ensure the victory of the great humani tar ian goals of freedom, independence and democracy in that country, which has suffered so much. The Ukrainian SSR stands in full solidarity with demands for swift adoptim by the security Council of oompcehensive and mandatory sanctions against SOuth Africa pursuant to Chapter VII of the Charter. We believe that such compt'ehensive sanctions would be the most effective peaceful means of exerting treasure en the racist regime, and that there are other rt!ll1listic opportunities for strengthening our influence on SOuth Africa, sudl a.." the measures described in detail in the re~i:t of the Special COIIIDittee against Apartheid. (Hr. Q1dcwenko, Ukrainian SSR) we Mould like to stteM the following points. If it were poulble fully to illp1._ent just the -margo on the export of oil to South Afr ice and on the ill1X)rt of coal froa that country the eccnoll1c illpact on SOuth Africa would be so real that it would force Pretoria to reconsider its policy. For Clbviou8 reason8, shipllenta of oil and coal would bfl relatively e.y to control. Alternatively, one can i_gine the serious difficulties that Bn air boycott would i_dietely create fIOr the r49i... As can be seen from the research done by the United Nations CenU6 against Apartheid, the effectiveness of the lIeuures and sanctions already atbpt.8d ha been significantly reduced, because they are not adequately co-ordinated and IIOnitored, and so forth. If we were to elillinate such shortcollings frOll the Systell, we would 1048ed enhance its iapact on the racist reg1.. The activities of the IntergoverrUlental Group to Monl tee the 8lpply IIId Shipping of Oil and Petroleum Products to SOuth Africa are crucially illportant in that respect. The Ukrainian BSR has actively participated in tJle work of the Group, and we fully support the reco_ndation8 in parsgraph8 55-59 of the its report (A/43/44), particularly the appeel to the 2ecurity Council to introduce a IIIndatory emargo on the supply of oil and oil pr:oducta to SOuth Afr ica. we also appeal to.. the Member. of the United Nation8 to adopt effective .e.ur_ to enforce -the 011 boycott. We bell..,e that that would also help to broden CIO-ope~.~tlan between Statee in that area. Strength.ling the oil emerge> against Sou~b Atdca would certAinly help to i.~ove thE excll-,ge of inforMtion regerdingv.l61atlons of the embargo between Govern_nb and intergovern_ntal and non-gover.-ental organisation.. The suenghtening of co-operation with non-govun.ntaJ. organizations la alao partic~larly laportant. Aa can be Hen frOll the actual w«k of the IntergalGrr,_ental GrClUp, such organizations can be of great (Mr. Qldovenko, Ukrainian SSRi .u18taoaee in IIClftlt« ing the obaervance of the oil ellb_go and in dieseainating inforution on violations. we should publicize the work of the Intergr.wernllltratal Group aore by _king _.sUable infcx_tion on ita activities and by dis.elllinating infccNtion on violation. of the oil ellb_go and the sanctions applied againllt those who have violated it. This would focus greater international attention an the ~oblea. It would also be useful to haYe an exchange of views between states on their exper tence in menitcx 1ng the emarge on the delivery of oil and oil p:oduc ts to SOuth Atr ica. The Intel'governIMntal Group could concuct the exchange of infcx_tion. The delegation of the Ukrainian SSR would like tD state hOll pleaSed it is that on 3 AIr 11 1988 the International COl1'lention against Apartheid in sport entered into force. It was ratifl~d by 34 States and has bKn signed by ewer 40 States. There 111 no doubt that that Comenticn will play an important role in helping to isolate the aearth.id 1'8g1_ in sports. In co-.ncUng the work of the Special CC*littea Against Apartheid, we should like to pay tr ibut. to its Chairman, the peraanent reIresentative of Niger la, Alaba8sado!' J08eph GMba, for guiding the work of the Ca.ittee and for his great persanal _jor contribution towards lIObilizing GoIernJIent support and international public opinicn for the struggle against that shameful ph8'lollenon apartheid. WO a180 G)_end the wcck of the Peraanent Ri!lIruentative of Noney, Arib••ador 'loa Vr.l.en, who has c::!'lalred the Intergovern.ntal Group. under his guidlftce the Group has beOOlle an i.portant body of the United Ratione, called upon to uke a decisive contz ibuticn to the struggle against apartheid. All we lock at how the situation might d..,elop in 8Ciuthern Africa we cannot faU to take account of the qualitatively new situation _rglng in the world llfJ a whole. All 'I•• e.phubed recently by Mikhall BergeytWlch Gorbaduw, in internatlO'la1 affairs W••• lICWing froll ccmfrcmtatiClft to co-operatlOft, IUtua1 ander.tanding and n.ptlat1ns likely to a<:hiev. tangible results. Tb. Mcouraging _Ifa In Sorl.t-llIIerlcan r.latlcn8 "Ith r.gard to dl.........t and the question of Afgbanlatan h... shown convincingly that auc:b a GOnc1uslcm ill juetlfied. Rat.aUy, sum cJ..,elosaents cannot fall to l'ulge a fwourable influence, easing tension in acuth.n Afr lea. A~ thia stage in world affairs the idea of freedoll of choice is gaining ground, r.flecting the C1bjectivity of hlat«lcal d..,elDpaent and the unacceptabllity of the pollcy of force irr_poctive of ita tor. and unlf..tationa. Thi. ia, after all, a cancept that ha. outlived itself in humf lea1 tar., and that alao ref.rs to crushing the aspirations of peoples to freecJoa ands.lf-deteralnation. Hlatory and recent events convincingly teach us that re~esaiCX1 by fire and IJWord annot crulb the ruolve of peopl•••truggllng for their freedoll and independonce. !t nOlf univerGally recognized that the eh_tul Systell of ap!r~eid is dcaaed. Tb. oppre••ed peopl. of South Africa, who are the ..in force in the struggl. against the racist r8gi_, "ill certainly deter.ine the future of thfl';r country. 'lo do everything possible to ..ke their day of victory mile •• quidtly as po••ible, is the pri.....y ta.k of the international m_upity, particularly the Ollt.d Nationa, the General AB.e,m1y and the security Council. Hr •. zmB (Zallbiah !At _, on blhalf of the delegation of zallbia, join the peece«Sing speaker., who, in v.ry .loquent, 1IO'Iing and persuasive language, ......d tb••elves on the trauMa and evil. of the aparth.id po1iQie. an~ I1I'ACtlC•• of the Gol7.r.....t of South Africa. Per us in southern Africa aparthe~~ .vak." de.p f••lings of indignation and a ....... of frustration and hope1ell.n.s. for unklnd. Aparth.id .ylilboliaes the ani..l in un - it la the "or.t huan ~.gedy (NI.'. Qldcwenko, Ukrainian SSR) that has ever been perpetrated by man since the abolition of the sl.,e trade and SlaVEy. It il! one of the great hcxrar:1I of IIOdern tiMB. I "i.at to co_end lIy Mother and COllMgue, NI:. J08eph Garba, and h iB CORittee for their inforutive rep:»rt and for the tirelHs efforts the Ca.ittee continu.. to uke, \mder his able and dynuic leadership, in our COIl.an strulJgle to (Hr. Zuze, Z8l1bia) It is clear frOll the report that the 8ituation inside SOUth Africa retrAin8 glooll'/ and has not iap:Olred aince the Asa_bly last considered this itell. Raci8. and racial diacriminaticm cantinue to be enforced by law while peaceful ~ot.ta are violently put down by the r'9i., which knows no bcunda in its diaplay of State terrcei_. The prot08t&'1I are e1ther killed, ex _illed lind detained, ce indeed subjected to jUdicial lIur69r throuc#l the new invention of guilt on grounds of IfCOJUlCft purpcee·. The ....at: ie8 of Sharpelrille and the Soweto lIassacre8, when defencel.8 children protesting against inferior ec1ucaldon - arlD!!ld only vith . stCQes - were spcayed with bullets, Jlust be fresh in our minds. Thou8ands were killed in celd blood by troops in defence of !R!!..~,2!!!. The world, which has beCCllle nullb and pundJ drunk with di8asters, candemed both the apartheid system, llbich denie8 hUIMn ri~tr; and majority rule, and the massacres. '1t)day apar theid has beCOlle a way of 11fe in SOUth Africa, a cul ture of the decultured, if you want. It is being enttendJed in schools, in hospitals, in sport, in public transport and, de8pite the cost to the GoIernment, it 1s also being applied to the use of toilets. Tillo oolour of your skin determine8 the toilet you should go to. I wish to reiterato that apertheid is the root cause of the unrest in South Africa and tension in 80uthern Africa. It continues to hlWe 91: we consequences for z:egicnal and international peace and seoul' ity. It is a scourge which the United Nation8 bu conde..ed and has rightly declared as a criJle against humanity. Repeated appeals to the Pretoria r'gi_ to IInd that degrading and inhUMn practice h_e gone unheeded. lNltead, the 1'4g1.& ba8 r..ponded by strengthening its repr..8ive _chinery and enforcing ap!rthei4 with wen greater Ixutlllity. Prea the "..tern wcxld, the oppcet:l8ed people of SOUth Africa hIWfJ been ad~ni8hed t;o par... dialOfJ.le with the racist r'gi_ in ceder to negotiate the than 50 years the African National Cengress of South Africa (ARC) did everything to engage the rUling whites into meaningful dialogue in ,cxder to bring about a just and demcratic Systell in the COWltry. But those ncble efforts were totally ignor:ed and, instead, the African National Congress leaders were arrested and illlpE'isoned foe indefinit. periods. NelsOR Mandela has re_ined in jail for 26 years, with no hope of unconditional release. we continue to be told, in phrases used by leaders of world Powers, that constructive dialogue ha been tbeonly hope in persuading SOuth Africa to abandon the detested and wicked Systell of aE!rtheid within SOuth Africa. we have been told that dialogue is working because South Africa ha withckawn froll southern Angola, that SOuth Afr ica should be given a Robe! pr: ize fior dellonstrating reasonableness during the ongoing talks. They point to Botha's African safari as deservin~ a prize 1Or: SOuth Africa. The _dia is busy portraying the regill! as a willing and reasonable partnc in dialogue. Tbe UNITA factor is being lDade into an Afr iean issue in order to force Afr iea to participate in what is clearly an internal _tter of rec<XIciliati<XI. The brakerage is being transferred fro. Hr. Chester Cracker to Afr iea. In short, SOuth Africa is again winning 'the pr:oPl!lganda game, delliigned and oarefully calcuated to l_sen the pr:essure of "anctions <XI its economy. H:>th ing h.u changed in the r'gi_ 's mentality. "'at has dlanged, however, is the tactical appl'oach to pr:opaganda. SOuth Afr iCl Is engaged in a campaign to iapr:cwe its international i_ge in order t~ Ixake the b~ck-s1ide in the perf«.ance of its econoray. How then do we change the llind of a country and policy whidl has becoJll!t the polecat alllOng nations. Constructive engage.ant has failed because it is linkGd to a regia which legislates and enforces en the basis of colour. The argullltnt against Blnctiona, bped on black suffuing, hlb' run out of ste... We know, and (Nr. 1A!ze, zanbia) they know, that the auffer ing Clbjection is a red herr ing intended as a ewer story to p:otect i",vestllent8 in SOuth l\frica. I put it to this Asaembly that it is thQl~ with a privileged Ufe who llBy suffer the III08t, at least psychologically, froll South A£rica's defence of apartheid 'has not been limited to brutal actions in SOUth Afdca and Nallibia, but has involved its lEemeditated acts of aggression and the destabilization of the front-line and other inde:r;Jendent Afr iean States in thQ region. By such acts, south Africa has hoped to intiaidate the frmt-line countr ~es and to !orce then into abancbning their support for the struggle a~inst apartheid. Pretee ia 's acts of brutality in SOUth Africa and its acts of aggre..ion against front-line States prwide clear testimony that there is no intention whatsoever, ncx the willingness on its part, to cUs.anUe !parthe1d peacefully. The situation in SOuth Afr ica is deter ior ating by the day. The state af eaergency now cwers Virtually the entire COtmtry. Since tbe declaration of the state of emergency, police bruta'.ity has increased, resulting in _SB arrests and the molestation of women and even children lI'lder the age of 16 year~. '!'he lIedf.a has been JlQzzled, culminating in a total news black-.out from that. OOIJl'&tr:y. The criminal acb cClIlIutted by the Pretcc ia r8gille in d&fence of apartheid have left us in hO doubt the,t only concarted international action in te~_ of Olapter VII of the! Chartftr will bring preftsUt'! to bear <Xl that rffgiJle to abandon its evil SYBteII of Al!rtheid. All "e have stated before, the invocatial of Olapter VII of the Charter is the only peacaful but effoctive 18y to exert sufficient presSUte on the intransigent SOuth African regiMe In the interest of safeguardwg the intereotG of the future generations of aU SOUth Afdcarul, it is necessary that oollprehtmsive aandatory sanctions be applied now. othuwise __d struggle will bfl intensified. (!!.. ZUze, !allbia) zamia hi!3 state\? '>efcxe that the d!tericxating situation in SOUth Africa demands that bold steps be taken now in cxder to diffuse the potentially explClSive l3ituation. In this regard, we cCX\tinue to (".all on the Pretcxia regime to declare uneql.3ivocally that .!.E!rtheid is dead and bur ied, and that the regime is prepered to meet the genuine l'!aders of the oppressad people in order to discuss the future of their country. We have demanded that South Afr iea lift the state of emergency. South Afr iea must lift: the bM on the ANC and the Pan Africanist Calgress of Azania and other political parties. Abcwe all, South Afr iea must release Nelson Mandela and all other poUtical pr isoners. (Mr. ~e, zantd&) These steps, if taken, would go a long wy in creating the necessary political and security atmosphere conci1cive to ser iaus negotiatiMs en the future of South Africa. The opp:esaed _jodty have stated time and agoin that they are ready ~o negotiate with South Afr ice, but they will not negotiate c., their bended knees. They will negotiate with dignity. we in zanb1a reaffirm our total and unflinching solidarity and support for the opJ;Eessed majocity in South Africa. There can be no peace in that country unless apartheid is eradicated. We call on the United Nations, and in particular the security CO'lmcil, to take the meuures necessary for bringing about peaceful change in South Afr iea. Let us act now to avert the IJllllinent catastrophe. Mr. BNOO (CaJIlel:oon) \ we are assenbled once aga in to examine a subject-matter that remains on the agenda of the General Assembly yea!: in and yea£ out, decade after decade. We have the reports of the 5ecretary-Gener:al, the Special Comittee against Apartheid and the Intergovernuental Group to fobnitor the S!pply and Shipping of Oil and Petroleum Products to South Africa. These documents reveal the continuing nature of the &outh Afr lean tragedy. The information confirms the truth, that there is clearly no antidote in sight fa: a nagging political virus, the curse of the despicable system of apartheid. The Cam_can delegation maintains the view that in our annual diacourse here we should abandon rhetoric and verbal steam, which have been systematically rendered idle by the racist regime in Pretor ia" It has become a matter of desperflte urgency that we ser iouely sear'Ch for nC!M ~trate9il!a to comat the ev 11 forces. History is on the side of the pcimary victi1l8\ the depr:ivad children, wOllian and men who live each passing day with the tyranny of brutal injustice, death and destruction. No despotic system, even systems less barbar ie than that which (Hr. ZUze. ZIlnbia) affitots our peoples in southern Africa, has ever lasted indefinitely. States are constituted by human beings and consequently the conmct of their affairs IlIlst fund__tally addreas the well-being of people. A dictatorship whieh seeks or undertakes to Plrsue a culture of arrogance and of oppreslon against the nor_ and ekea. of prosperity entertained by the gcwerned will ineY'itably fail. In the SOuth Afr iean situation the question is one not of whether but of how soon history will cc:.Ience its crushing exercise at the racist desp)ts. Africans everywhere are on the side of those victims, for 0\11." earned free4Gm re_ins lIeaningless 1IhUe that situaticn cattinuea. The geographical delineations of today were established on the basis of convenient criteria resp)nding to the benefits of the looting, division and dollinial perpetrated by a genrxation of oolcnizers. It is important for our fr iends and foes alike to understand that the affiictions of ccntelbpaza:y African peoples are not substMcee to be poured indiscr blin.stely into political containers er geographical boundar ies. Our probleIM do Illot respect swereignty or the physical delillitation of States. In a cruel world, tie are learning the naked truth that we ilQst fight to live toget.'ler, marally, politically and economically, or we shall per ish together under the weight of the misgivings of the i,Xesent, leaving nothing for future generattene to buUd at. ~he c:hemistry of our cultural affinities and our common aspirations to dignity and worth in econollic and social tars will increasing:"y unite Afr iean peoples, wether or not they live in so-called independent territaies. Those wo intellectualize to isolate the suffer ing Afr: icans of our continent's aoutb frOll the dUelldlll and ci~culIStance8 of their brothC!fS and siste:a in the rest of the continent have contr ibuted to misjudgements of the nature of our struggle as a continental people. we are together in the struggle Md we, too, know that history 18 en our side. (Mr. lingo, CUJeroon) The international COIIUIunity, as represented by our collectivity bere in the Genaral Asse1llbly of the United Nations, has prcmounced itself against the system, of apartheid f«_11y and in various manifestations. The Charter of the Organization, to which the Pretor ia regime claims to subser ibe, contains peremptory norlll9 which theologically proclaim the fWldamenta1 human rights of peoples, cardinal among whieb are equality of rights and self-determination. These and other PE'inciples are considered to be components of the r~dillents of universal peace. Yes, history is on our side, because the universal oonscience, too, is cm aur side. If werything is cm our side, cm the side of all who join in the struggle against aputheid, if the demise of the apartheid system and the disasters it infiicts on a divided ftU1tiracial society is sure, wy then, we join the suffering and the dying in asking, does this generaticm not mobilize greater effort and resistance? Is it because the illusion still persists in sectors of the international col'llJlunity that there is no threat to international p,eace and security in the explosive situation in South Afr iea? We refuse to believe that the long- and shol.~t-term consequences of the malaise are of no intet'est to those that IllUSt be concerned with seourity of tenure with regard to econl"mlic and secur ity interests in the region as a whole and in South Africa in particular. The Pretoria l:e9i_, like most Q)vernments across the qlabe, is !n the grip of the current ecmomic er isis. Like other nations which are lured to foeeign lIilitary intervention and adventurislI, South Africa .is waking up to the hard facts of the high financial and Political costs of maintaining belligerent commitments abroad. At home, resisu.noe against apartheid intensifies and so does the last cry of 1& dying conservatism, which accuses Botha of betrayal. The !lWements with respect to Nallibia, Angola and Mo:allbique do not stem froll a philosor;hical or ideological dlanCje of heart in Pretoria. They are inaperativeB in hard times _de vexBe by the effect of the Banctions that we have called for here.. Caught in Bum a net, Pretor ia llay be expected to react wben puBhed to the ~oundations of its retrograde religian. The breaking point .y soon be near, with freedoli ach ieved by all the neighbour ing nations and the final dr ive of all peoples to rid this generation of the apartheid sYl!ItemG (Hr. JIngo, Ceaeroon) 1tlat: would be the future of today's archdeacons of apartheid if the extreme ri~t of the aputheid cult overthrew Botha and others, who are already right enough, in that last ditch of resistance? Is it too speculative at this time to imagine that, weakened further in spir it and in alternative l18ans, they would resort to the use of the nuclear weaponry now available to them? We have consistently joined in appealing for support for the establishment of denucleM' bed zones. Non-J.Zoliferation as pccwlded for in the Treaty at the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons is illlp;:tss1ble de facto where steps are not taken to estAblish and guarant3e the status of such zones. The threat of proliferation in Africa r.ains vivid as long as the racists of South Africa ccntinue to possess and develop nuclear weapons. Por the conservatives the fact of nuclear capability may well encourage rigidity and resistance to dunge. "at would happen to the security lntarests of nations which today, inadvertently or deliberately, prCNide sustenance and encouragement for illusions of capacity and power? There could also be total loss foe investacs and others that trade with SOuth Afr iea today. Wars are easlly sparked off in tiMs of global economic depression. These are the facts of history. we are passing throu~ one such period at this tail end of the twentieth century. War wagad in desperation by those that associate their cause with survival respects no rules. The dovelopnent of nuclear and conventional wea(X)ns in SOuth Africa was intended to conaol1date a deterrent forC1). There would be no reaacm to keep the nuclear llrserial idle ,mile ~bscene amitions burn. we ralee these i8800s because our oollective strategy mU8t be inspired by truths and realities. A puceful and economically sound 181ltiracial SOuth ,Africa would be a desirable el_ent in Afr lcan regianal as well as global peace and security. We here must be seen to recognize that fact in all that we uy and do. (Mr. En,go, CMeroon) The foreign policies of unyof today's powerful nations JlUSt be retuned to promte s-ace rather than oonfi:cntaticn in Afr J.:;:a. The fbundations of a pE08peroua future and the _intenance of internat100al peace and'security .y well depend on eVelU in Afl' iea before the year 2000. The continent r.ains perh8p6 the richest in natural resources. It is allllO the one geographical region 80 located .that it has direct openings to all othGr mntlnents in a strategic sense. It has prO'lided 8ustensnce for eoonoaic and power growth for great nations afar. Africa, In new forllS of relationships with the rest of the world, can still play a critical role in the furtherance of internatianal WlderstancUng, global peace, security and d4Welopaamt •. Article 1, paragraph 3, of the Charter expresses the dream of adlieving -internatimel QO""Operation in solving international problellB of an econollic, social, cultural, or hwunitar ian charecter, and in prOlllOting and encouraging respect for hUMan rights and for flmdamental freedoll8 for all vithout distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion lll • Those values were not declared to gratify transient purposes. They are part of the foundations of all endeavours to achieve permanency in peaceful coexistence allQl\g peoplH 8S weU as to r811017e and pcwent conditions of belUgerelcy and war. The ti_ haD 00. when we should address strategies for peace b southern Africa. The pc.uures of canteapcx'ary life are creating an impetus for change. we .at not be diverted by tok.. IIDV... to undo in Angola, Namibia, and Ibzallbique what Pretoria had no justification for doing in the first plaoa. we .ust not relax the ~e.sure of increasing sanctim8J for we IlUst not create the illusion of sat1&faction with the central element in the illegalities of Pr.t« la's feloni.. in the region. We cannot <Weremphasize the conviction of our nation, expcessed by President Paul Diya when addressing this session of the eeneral Assembly, that the two super-Powers, the United States and the Scwiet tl1ion can, in matters of international peace and security, maintain the hopes of lIankind if they decide to take effective steps. Leaving aside r'eaeons of universal consciGnce, MoScow and washington have too many national security interests at stake in the eyes of history to permit a cmtinuation of the pt'esent tragedy in southern Africa.. With new-found understanding among them, which has thrown sunlight on tD gldlal dialogues and which we all peaise, taking another historic step for peace in our r egim can br ing noth ing but benefits to both sides and to mank lnd as a whole. In the meantime, the oppcessed of SOuth Africa continue to shed blood and tears. The pains of the present are intensified by thoughts of more difficult times ahead. Parents bring up their children unable to infuse in those leaders of tomrrow the quality of lc:we and human understanding needed for weaving un,ity in building a multiracial society. The rest of the continent and a right-thinking world lIust wonder in fear Wlether it is not from SOuth Afr iea that a new glebal explosion .y come. It is our continuing wish that our brothers and sisters afflicted by the scourge of apartheid should know clearly and without doubt that the hearts of Ca_roonians continue to bleed SE f.;bey share their sum9 sense of frustration and hope. STAT1!MBNT BY Till PR&9IDENT The PRESmEHT (interpretation fJ:OJI Spanish) ~ Before going on to the next speaker, I should like to make a br:ief statellent. I wish to appeal to all delega tions for their oo-oper atlon in ensUE: 1ng thtolt our plenary meetings can begin en time. I atte~ this point beCAuse the opening of ' recent lIeetings has been delGyed because of the abs..oe of delegations which were expected to speak. we are all conscious of the fact that we are approaching the final day. of this aes8ion and that naturaUy a nulllb.. of ite. wUl be aCCUllUlating GB we begin raceiving reports from VE ious COIIIIittees. There are only a few working days left and it should be clear to all that we must use our tiae as efficiently as possible. It is thereto!:e very important that we have the real CO-operation of all meJlbers so that wo can begin fIIery meeting as pmctuaUy as possible. I appeal for understanding and support in this mal'ter 110 that we may complete Qur work successfully. (The President) AGBNDA IT. 36 POLICDS or APARTIIBID or TBB OOVJlllltENT or SOUTa AnICA\ (a) DIORT or TBB SllBCIAL <XlMMI'r'l'BB A«aJNST AMRTBBm (A/43/22) (b) RBKaT or 'I'D IHTBROOVI!RtllBNTAL GROUP 'to MOHI'l'OR TO SUPPLY AND SHIPPING 01" on, MD RftOLBOM PRmucrs m SOU'l'R APRICA (A/43/44) (c) RBPCIlTS or TD SBQlBTARY-GlNBRAL (A/,U/682, Al43/699, A/43/786) (4) REPORT or TBB SPBCIAL POLITICAL (X)MMlT'l'BB (A/43/802) (e) DRAPT RBSOWT10R!l (A/43/L. 30/Rw.1, AI43/L. 31 and Corr.1, A/43/L. 32 and Col: r .1, AI43/L. 33 ~d COl'r.1, A/43/L. 34 and Cor r .1, A/43/L. 35 and Cor r .1, A/43/L.36 and Corr .1~ A/43/L.37 and Corr .1, A/~3/L.38, A/43/L.41, A/43/L.42) Hr. SBRRANQ CAm.A (Nicaragua) (inter~etation froll Spanish), The Gfmera! 1t.8sellb:J.y last considered the itell ·Policies of apartheid of the Galernllent of South Africa· in ebv_er 1987. The events cllring the past 12 moths hwe once again confirmed that any hope that the racist Pretexia regime will mend its .ya of its own accord is an UlusionJ conseqUlntly, the only way to deal with that regi_ is throu~ international IEessure. The year that has pallsed has also dellOnstrated an increasing polar izatten of two conuadictory and irreconcilable positions" on the one hand, Pretex' la's persistence in lIIintaining an~ strength..ing the foundations of the Systell of apartheid) on the other, the aeterllinatlon of a people atruCJCJlinCJ to be free and re.olved to reach that goal at all O')lIts and by all possible _an8. As the aMual report of the COllllittee against Apartheid points out, the racist Pr8toria regi_ has stepped up internal re~ea8ion and Is seekinCJ to eliminate _ery foe. of opposition in the country 1n orclll!l' to iOlpoll_ Its political designs. The re8W1ptiCl\ of the state of ellergency cnd the adoption of vu ious re~easiv. 1I0_ur•• against organl:atloM that oppose apartheid and against national and fex.-ign news _dia reaffirm beyond any doubt that the policy that ~e regime is pursuing to attain iu objectives is the indiscriminate use of force and Stat:e terror:ia.* we hwe always believed that the root of the p:oblems in southei:'n Afr ica is tD be found in "":le existence of apartheid in South Africa. So long as this system remains in force, it will not be possible to achieve peace and stability in the region. The misnamed reforJU promoted by the racist minor ity in Pretor ia are only a diversionary tactic used in an attempt to concecl the true essence of a system that has been deser tbed by the General Assembly as a eri. • It is our opinion that we cannot discuS8 reforlB8 of that Systell because apartheid cannot be reformed·. it can only be tot&lly eradicated. That is the only way the South African people will be able to achilWe their central goal\ the transf«_tion of their country into a fr ee, democratic and non-cUscr illinatory society. The international collllunity has a fund8llental role to play in this entire pt'ocess. T~e suuggle to put an md to this disgraceful system is everyone's struggle, not only that of the people of South Africa who are enduring this discr illinatlon:. We IlUst be responsive to the BaC% ifices of those people and to what is a180 being dcne by the trent-line aountries, whic:h Be br8'lely and firmly re8i8ting the aggression, threats and destabilillatien of the Pretoria r89ill8. Indeed, 8ince 1980 thi8 destabilizatlon has required an expenditure of lIexe than '27 billion - a truly astonishing figure .. The struggle against ap!rtheid therefore ..st have the lllater lal and econOllic support of the front-line countrie8, the Southern African D8'lelopaent Co-ordinetion * Hr. tbu8houtas (Cyp:us), Vice-President, took the Chair. Mr. Serrano Caldera, Nicaragua) Cenf.enea, the liberation 1l000••ents and the Iction f(X Resisting Inv.ion, Colcmlallsa and !partheid (APRICA) !'Und of the Ib~..nt of !bn-Aligned Countries. Si.Uarly, Ricaragua stress.. that the illposition of COIIpcEbensive, IIaIldatory .mCJUons against Pretoria is a func:1a_ntal step that IIUSt be taken by the internatlcnal COIIIIunity to put an end to apartheid. Some powerful allies of . Pretoria persist in obstructing any attempt in the security Council to adopt sanctions against SOuth Africa. We hope that these ardent defenders of freedoa and dellOcracy will show !lOre respect for: the hl.!!SM rights of 25 l111lian persons th~ for the financial p&'ofits reaped at the cast of 80 many hUllan lives. so lang as the Systell of apertheid retains its ~esent euucbJre, prospects fex a peaceful solution to the ccnfilct in SOUth Afdca w111 remain a lIere hope and the country will r_ain sw_rged in violence. In view of the collabol'atianiBt attitude of certain allies of Pretor ta, and in view of the tragic internal situation, ar_d struggle is a legitilUte alternative - and the oppressed people of South Africa hlll'1e chcserl that alternative.. Tbe only way to put an end to violence in salthern Afr tca, if we really wish to do so, is to eradicate racial discrilllnatil7.:.. It is worth noting that there are 80IIe who voice concern ewer legitiute violence by peoples but r_ain silent &bout, and fail to trotest with the 8_e vigour against, the violence and terror of apartheid. In conclusion, we state again our position of condeJlnatton of the policy of apartheid pursued by the SOUtil African rtlgiJle. we deaand that it cease i_ediately and expr:ess our aoUdarity with the struggle of the noble people of SOuth Africa to d.stroy this disgraceful systell. Me hope, and w. trust, that in the not-too-distant future the people of South Afdca will at last be able to live in a free, dellOc:ratic and non-discrillinatory society. Hr. Serrano Caldera, NicaraSl'la) Mr. DIAKITB (Mali) (interpretation from French) \ The year 1988 is. the fortieth aMiversary of the adopticn of the Universal Declaration of RuJUn Rights. IJence the General Assalbly is this year considering the itall on tho lJ)licies of apartheid of the COIernaent of soath Africa in a very special CCXltext. First of all II'J delflgaticn wishes to congratulate the Special Cc.littee against Apartheid on its very COIDendable efforts throughout the year to lIake bet~r knmm the nature, the eri.s al'id the purpoaes of the odious Systell of !Earth.id. The report of the Special COIIJIIittee against Apartheid (A/43/22) has prCNidad the Genera! Assembly with va!uable inforation CXl activities carried out tbroufjlout the wa:ld by GalerNlents, intergCNermaental and non-gcverl1llental organizaticns as part of the struggle against aE!!rtheid. In South Afr i~ itself this year has been marked by stepped-up viole\C8 and continuing acts of aggression, destabilization and State terror ism by the racist regiJle against neighbour ing sweeelgn States. Paced with this brutal rep:ession, the valiant people of south Africa proceeded to organize itself and develop new foru of resistance. On the international level, one can see trOll the report that the internaUcna! front against aeartheid is gaining ground and becolling stronger, thanks to a growing awareness at the international level of the seriouB threats to international peace and secur ity posed by the apartheid Systell. The racist 1'49ille of Preta: ia has r.ealed i tself fully by the fiercft brutality with which it tr ies to stop the current of freedo.. froll flowing tbrouc#lout South Africa. It is trying to keep itself in power by wbatwer lIeans. outer the cover of a state of .aergency the Pretor ia racists are systeaatically rep:eulng opponents of apartheid. Arrest8(' deportations, threats Md executions hll'le beoo_ dally practices. The Pretoria r4giae has also tried to break the I resistance o~ the black COIlUIlUlilt~{ by ~etting up self-defence gfQJpe and appointing ass88sins, trained and ar_d by SOuth Africa, to intimidate and kill thOlle who opp08e apartheid. The racistllinor lty, vainly trying to stifle resistance to apartheid, bae ... bMfted 17 anti-apartheid Ofganizatioru and 18 individuals. '10 silence the leaders of those Ol'ganizations the racists of Pretoria are ste~ing up the! nwiber of political trials against them. Restrictive measures against the media are part of the same approad'l. But all this is in vain, because we learn frolll history that no force, how_et strong, CM crush resistance based en the pcofound aspirations of a people dedicated to its total freedom. The Pretor la regi_ is also knCMl for break ing its word, evasion, fa lse leads and delaying tactics. HOW often has it tried to claim so-called political reforll8? On 26 OCtober it organized so-called lIunicipal electims throughout the country·, but, like the so-called constitutional pt'oposals of 1983, those elections were designed only to dep'lve the black major lty of their fundamental r ic#1ts and to perpetuate the wretched system of racial segregation. That is why the international m_unity conl:iemned and strongly rejected th., just 8S it had strongly rejected the constitutional p:oposals in 1983. 'l'his continuing app:oach by the international mlllllunity to the insidious tactics of Pretor ia is based on the belief that the apartheid system CDnPOt be reformed but IIUSt be abolished, purely and simply, and replaced by a dellOcratic society, as reaffirllll!!ld in resolution 38/11, without distinction as to race, based on the principle of majority rule, through the full and free e_rcise of adult suffrage by all the people in a united Md non-fraCJIented South Africa. To that: end, the internatior.al ,go_unity Must insist, amng other th ings, on the unconditional release of Nelson Mandela and all other political prisoners. an end to the baMing of anti,.;. u·theid organizations and the lifting of the 'state of elllergenc:y. By violating the mandatory arms embargo against South Africa, some Member states are he1~ing PretCll'ia build up its military power and to carry out ita nuclear PE'ograrmte, in total disregard of the Declaration on the Denucle&~izatiQ'l of Afr1ca~ The question of knowing whether or not SOUth Africa will use nuclear power for military purposes is, in the view of my dal6lgat1on~ a totally futile discussion. For hew could one imagine fa: an instant b~at a n.cist and warlike regime such as that of Pretor ia, wh ich is keeping i tsel f in ~wer through torror , force and violence, would have started nuclear research for purely p~cefu1 purposes? Despite international condemnation, South Africa continues w receive economic assistance from certain states. Paragraphs 70 to 79 of the report of the Special COlIIIlittee against Apaztheid contain enough informatiQ'l on trade, monetary and financial support to South Africa. The black majority i:rl South Africa is thus the victim of a major ClOnspizacy between Jouth Africa and its a111es. Despite that situation, the valimlt people of South Afr iea will inevitably win in their struggle against the pcopon~nt:s of apartheid. The contibution l1Il!lde by the people of Mali to this struggle began il'lDediately after Mali had achieved independence. Mali has a1_ye pr:O'/ided varioua kinds of support to the peoples of southern Afr iea in their liberatlC1'i atrugglEe Accordingly, the Gcwernment of "".a1i organized a week of SOlidarity with the Peoples of Southern Africa from 7 to 13 November this year. During that week all sectors of the population of Mali, and many il'l'1itees from all ewer tha wcr:1d, lent their support tQ the freedom figbters and the uQ'lt-line States e As the struggle against apartheid is stepped up, the MOt'i2 vigilant and co_ittet;, ,e sust be. That is why the delegation of Mali whole-heartodly supports the raooliiileladations in the report of the Speci~l Committee against Apartheid, in particular Ithat calling for a special session of the Gene!:al Assembly en apaZ't.'1eid end its destructive coMequences in southern Africa in lSe9. Africa!' for its part, wUl, 1n ciJe tiJllt'l snd in ao::ord:mco with resolutions adopte'd last May by the Organizatio., of Afdcan ttlity in Addis Ababa, oall for the cx;nverdng of the Security Council to consider all of the I'epreben&ibla policies of racist SOUth Africa and acts of terror ism in SOUth Africa and the regicm so that approp:iata JIlI!Iasures may be taken, including the imposition of comprehensive and mandato:y ssnctions against the apartheid regime. The effectiveness of international action to help the peoples of southezn Africa in their struggle 8gaii'l8t racial op~es8iQ1 is certainly due to the intensification of the campai91 against apartheid aild press,ure against it. It was th&t ~essura that forced Prst« la to comlllite the death sentences against the Sharpevilla Six. Apartheid ls one of the l'a&jor challenges facing the international colll1lunity. Only firm action to isolate SOuth Afdca will enable the internmtional community to take up that challenge. In this connection J!V' delegation welcomes the sanctions against the Pretoria regime that have been adopted tMou~oUt the world. Here we wish to pay tr ibute to the Nordic countr les for the m8sw:eG they have t.5.ken to thwm:t ae!rthei~. The total isolation of SOuth Africa, which would ine'l1 t&bly make SOuth Africa bend to the will of the international co_unity, will be achieved only through ooll~eh6nsive and mandatory s.mct!ons. That is why Mali continues to call for the (Mr. Di!ik ite, Mali) application against SOuth Africa of measures under Chapter VII of the thited Hatioos Charter • In this year of the fortieth anniversary of the Universal DeclaratiQ'l of Human Rights the international community must remellber that that major instrument was adopted only three years after mankind's victory eNer nazism. That is worth recalling, for some seem to forget that Africa paid dearly in that battle, ..ged by the world only recently against nazism. (Hr. Diakite, Mali) Poe are not saying that we are owed gratitude. We simply ask for understanding that the battle waged yesterday against nazism is no different from the battle being _ged today aCJ{\inst apartheid, that crime against humanity. We hope that the _lIOry of the past will br ing about the total co_iment of all member s of the internaticnal co_unity to the eradication of apartheid and pccwention of the blood-bath of unimaginable proportions that could result from the violence and rac1al tension in South Africa. Hr. ERDJ!NBalUWUN (Mongoliah The internal and external policies and p;actices of the racist regime of SOuth Africa go against the grain of the latest developmeets in international relations, which are character ized by growing recogni tion of the COilllllon dest iny of peoples and the mereas ing interdependence of nations. They stand in stark contravEntion of the spirit and letter of the O\iversal Declaration of Ruman Rights, the fortieth anniversary of which the international colllilunity will commemorate in a few days' time. I shall not tax the indulgence of this Assemly by citing facts about the inhuman acts oolllDitted by the apar tbeid r8gi. aga!nst the black major ity of the pop.1lation of SOUth Africa. Instances of Pretor 1& 's criminal lXacticss &'e thoroughly exposed in the lucid report of the Special Conmittee against Apartheid, under the chairmanship of ADbassador Joseph Garba of Niger la, as well as in the state.nu of preNiouB speakers. The situation in SOuth Africa 1s becoming tense and explosive. tbngolia, like the entire international coJlUllunity, is deeply cQ'lce~ned by the recent serious deterioration of the situation in south Afr lea, in particular the escalating violations of the political, economic and civil rights of the majarity of the population and the imposit,ion of severe restr icticns CIft the activ ities of mass-based organizations. The latest dwelopnenta in SOuth Africa pl:OV'e cne\! again the correctness of the widespread conviction that, as lcng as the state of emergency is in effect, political pr:isClfters and detainees relllllin imprisoned and anti-apartheid and political organizations continue to be banned, prospects for a peaceful solution to the conflict in South Aftica will relllllin reJll)te and the country will continue its downward spiral into violence. They also show anew that apartheid cannot "'e refcr:Med and must be totally eradicated. WhUe oontint,rmg the state of emergency and adopting a ser ies of repressive measures to crush wery form of opposition in the country, the racist regime of Preter 1a resorts to var ious fake reforras designed to create illusory impressions of power-shar ing and to impose en the CNerMielming majority of the population its new political schemes. The latest manouevre has been the so-called municipal elections , whim the General AsseJrbly cwerMielm1ngly declared null and void. It is in soothern Afr lea, especially Namibia, that the internatiatal oonmunity 18 coofrooted with the most diehard entrenchment of colonialism and racism, shored up by the apar theJ.~ policies and practices of South Afr ica. The Pretor ia regime has become a tool of the neo-globalist policy pursued by those in imperialist circles with regard to southern Afr ica and the Afr lean continent as a whole. Certain Western Powers abet SOuth Africa in the illegal occupation of Namibia and in its destabillzing actions in the neighbour ing Afr ican countr ies. Certain permanent memets of the security COWlCi! ensure that it is hamstrung fiery time it is asked to take action against the apartheid regime in conformity with the prOl7isions of the Charter. The undeclared war waged by SOuth Africa and its surrogate forces against the neighbour ing front-line states has intensified. The escalation of SOuth Africa's military aggression has not been confined to Angola and M:lzubique alone) it haD included ooll1llando attacks in zaabia, threats and a partial border blockade against Botawe., and terrcxist acts in SwuUand and ZlIbab'tle, causing deaths, injuries and dalUge to 1Zoperty • With the backing of certain western Powers, the Pretoria regi_ s~eka tD link NaIIlbia's independence to collpletely extraneous issu83. Oltil recently it attellpted to link the end of the 11legal occupation of Namibia to the with&=awal of Cuban internationalistforc8 from Angola, a concept which the security COWlcil declared irrelevant and unacceptable. Now Pretor 18 is trying to invent another linkage~ it would like to make Namibia's independence conditional G::1 the emergence of what is called an "acceptable" internal political solution in Angola. There are now scme ho.peful signs for the lang-O'Ierdue independence of Na.ibia. We consider the preliminary agreement on a fornula for the illpl_entation of security COWlCU resolution 435 (1978) reached at the tripartite negotiations between representatives of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, with the _Cliation of the tillted States, to be 11 positive step. We hope this de'leloPftent will open up a prospect for the united Rations to fulfil its mandate to br ing about the self-determination and indepandence of Nulibia. My delegation e~es8es the Mongolialn Governmant's profound appreciaticn of the constructive app:oaeh demonstrated by the G<werllllents of the people's Republic of Angola and the RePJblic of Cuba to the prcmtlon of Namibia's independence. *11e endexsing fIIIery mewe in the right direction, my delegation shares the view that the international m_unity should remain Vigilant regarding Pretoria's beh.iour and continue to be ing pcessure to bear en South Africa until Namibia's independence is fUlly ensured and the mrtheid regi. dismantled. we ('lQ_nd tile _ture and constructive apiC0ftcb taken by the South West Afdca People's CkganizatiQ'l (SWAPO), the tested vanguard of the people of Naaibia. In other ,,«ds, all States and international organizations should redouble their efforts to force the apartheid regime to comply wi th the ~esolutiona and decisions of the Olited Nations. The latest report of the Special Coftlllittee against Apartheid concludes that the most effective sanctions, short of the imposition of OOrDpt'ehensive and mandatory sanctions, would be those targeted at key areas of the eC')nomy, notably a ban on imports of coal and Agricultural PE'0ductB, the supply of loans and credit, the transfer of technolOCN and direct air flights to and from South Afr ica, and that a mandatory oil emargo still remains one of the most powerful .ys of p,stting pressure on the racist regime. We are of the opinion that those States which continue to maintain economic relations with the Pretcxia regime should pay l1leed to these and other conclusions and recolII'IIendations of the Special Committee. I should l!ke to exp:ess our high appreciation of the work done by the Special Coat!ttee against Apartheid. The Committee, which conmamorated this year the twenty-fifth anniversary of its establishment, has been instrumental in mobiliz ing world public opinioo in favour of the struggle against !p!rthe~. Its important work deserves mere active support, especially at this time when resolute actions are required for the eradicl'ltion of apartheid. The r.tmgolian People's Republic, a firm advocate of the pl:ompt elimination of apartheid, favours the adoption of IllOre concerted and str ict1y IIOnitored measures against South Africa and calls for compliance by all states Melibers with the relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions. Mongolia fully supports the pt'oposa1 of the non-aligned countries for the convening in 1989 of a special session of the General Assembly devoted to apartheid and its destructive consequences in southern Africa. My delegation w.lccmu~s the decision of the Organization of Afr ican Unity (OAD) to work towards the convening of a meeting of the Eacurlty Comc!l in Africa for the purpose of eQJIining the (Hr. Erc:wnechuluun, Mongolia) terrIXislI in South Africa, Namibia and the subcontinent in «del' to undertake appropriate action, including the iJlposition of ca.prehensive and undatory sanctions against theaPlrtheid regi•• we believe that these raeasures, if realized, would give a decisive impetus to international efforts to eliminate In 1990 the international community will collllea:::.cate the thirtieth annivecsary of the hiator ic Declaration on the Grantir.g of Independence to Colcnlal Cauntr iea and Peoples, 'lbich, inter alia, stated that "All people have the right to self-determination~by virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their eccnomic, social and cultural development." (resolution .1514 (XV» The Mongolian delegation is of the view that the recent declaration by the Gener&l As8eilb1y of 1990-2000 as the International Decade for the Bradication of Colonialism is of great importance for enhMc1ng the efforts of the lnternaticnal co_unity to get !@rtheid dismantled. My delegation eJ;p:esses onQ! again the unwavering support of the Mongolian people and its GOV'ernment to the legitimate struggle of the people of SOuth Africa under the leadership of the Afr ican National Congress of South Afr lca and the Pan Atricanlst Cmgres8 of Azania for the establishment of a free, democratic and non-racial South Africa. While duly noting the oolflllutation of the death sent:.;)nces of the Sharpevllle Six, we call on the South African GovernmerJt to st&y the execution of other captured freedom fighters now on death row. Mongolia adds its voice to the demand for the release of Nelson Handela and all other patriots fighting for the eradication of !E.artheid. The developments in South Afr!ca have demonstrated once again that no reP&'easian, no intrigues can suppceS8 the struggle of the Soutb African people for huun rights, liberty, self-determination and progress against the aystell of official racism and repcession. The Mclngolian delegation is cCl'lfident that the ti. is not far away when jusUce and dellOcracy will prflllall in South Africa. The obsolete &"ld outdated policy and practices based on racial autre_ey are doomed to failure. Hr. KAGAMI (Japanh Apartheid is an offence against hUJDanity. It is the most flagrant violation of the principle ,)f e;uality, and it contravenes the other funda_ntal !)rinclples that are embodietd in tbeChuter of \:he United Rations. Japan is deeply concerned that, since the General Asseably last discussed this agenda item, tbe situation in SOuth Afr iea has not illlPrC7i~, but in 80me fdnd_ental respects has further deteriocated. The Gc1Iernment of SOuth Africa contin.-s its attempts to suppress the majority of the South African people with brutal force, .mich has resulted in the 108S of many lives. Older a state of fDle~gency, the people of South Afr ica continue to be subject to arbiu2'ty arrest and detention. Pretoria has tightened its restrictions cm ,the peess in a vain attempt to conceal from the rest of the world the atrocities cx>lIIDitted by its authorities. At the same tiJDQ South Africa continues to launch military incursione into neighbour ing States, turning a deaf ear to the outrage of the international co_unity. ~t me cite just some of the repressive measures SOuth Africa has taken this past year. In February it ~d1ibited all political activity by SOUth Afrioan organizations that had been leading the non-violent struggle against apartheid. In March South AfricDn military units attacked Gabarone, the capital of Botswana, resulting in four deaths. And then in Juno the Governlllent of South Afl' ica decided to extend the state of emergency it had pl'e'liou81y imposed. And last month, in a further desperate effort to stifle the voice of truth, peace and freedom, the GC7iernment of South Africa issued an order to suspend publication of the Weekly !!!j!. The Government of Japan condemns those _asures, which Pretoria took solely to enforce the racist policy of apartheid. It is all too apparent ~at the white minor ity rulels in Prletor ia are as disinclined as ever to recognize the crux of the lZoble:u it is thair repugnant policy of apartheid that is the 8ourceof unr.t amng the black aajorlty. It 18 apartheid that invites the enmity of Pretoria's neighbours and the censure of the international community. When will the authcxities in Pretoria realize that the course of aggression, rep:ession and black_U, whic:b they seem so intent on pursuing, will lead to a further deterioration of the situation, with IIDre bloodshed and Ultimately outright civil war? Japan is second to none in its staunch oppoeition to apartheid. ORce again Japan dem8n&l that Pretor ia take coocrete and fundamental steps to abolish apartheid completely and present to the international conmunity cs credible tilletable for the fulfilllent of that objective. Japan demands that Pretor ia release un=nditionally Nelson Mandela and all other political pr isoners, lift the ban on all anti-apartheid organizations, including· the African National Congress of South Afr iea (ANC) and the Pan Afr icanist CCIlgress of Azania (PAC), and enter into serious dialogue with those and other liberation mO'lement leaders and organizations. SOuth Afr ica should lift the state of emergency innediately. Its military incursions into neighbouring states and its eCCllomic harassment of those States should cease forthwith. Pending such actions, Japan will continue to plrsue its stringent policies and measures against Pretor la. For example, my Governnent does not maintain dlplOlllatic relations with South Africa, but limitS its relations to the consular level. It prohibita direct investllent by Japanese nationals, companies or their affiliates in South Africa, a policy that it has observed for IIICX'e than 20 years. It strictly l'imits sports, cultural and educational exchanges with SOuth Afriaa~ it does not issue tourist visas to south African nati~ala, and discourages Japanese cithens from travelling to SOuth Afr ica. Japan (Zmibi ts trade in arJIB and all co-operation with SOuth Africa in the nuclear field. It also prmibits the i~'=t of iron and steel frOll that country. ~partheid enforcement agencies, such as the armed forces and poliOP, are not pel'ldtted to plrchase computt)rs from Japa~.. Krugerrands and other gold coins cannot be Ix'ought into Japan. Air links with south Africa have been suspended and Japaneoe Go'IerftJlll&nt officials are prd1ibited from using 9,)uth Afr lean Airways international flights. Caaoerning trade with SOuth Africa, it was t>eported that Japan had increased its trade and beoolll8 SOUth Africa's largest trading partner last year. I wish to point out, hQfever, that this was .inly the result of the dramatic appreciation of the Japanese yen against the 011ted States dollar and other currencies. Japan's trade with SOuth Aft lea has declined in yen terms fNery year since 1984, resulting in a 27 per cent decrease dur ing the years 1984 to 1987. I should also 1 iko to IlIention that t.he Government of Japan has takera additional steps this year furth~ to discourage Japanese busine"s ties with south Africa. In fact, the ll'cxeign and Trade Ministers have made personal appeals to business leaders in Japan to exercise IIllximum restraint in trading with that country. As a result there are clear indications that Japanese trade with south Afr ica is decresing this year. (Mr. bp.i, Japan) Given the af«ellentioned strict policies of my Gcwernment with regard to econOllic relations with SOuth Afl': ica, paragraph 3 of draft resolntion A/43/L.32 and Corr .1, entitled ltCompl'ehensive undatory sanctions against the racist regirDe of South Africa lt , indicates a lIisunderstanding of Japan's record to date. We believe that a country should not be singled out for blame on the basis of trade statistics, which are always open to interpcetation. F\\rthernore, my country generaUyopposes the pcactice of name-calling in the resolutions of the united NatiauJ. !'or these reas009, lIy delegation calls for the deletion of the reference to Japan in paragraph 3 of the draft resolution, and will request that this be put to a separ ate vote. In the present circull8tances, direct political and economic pressures are absolutely essential in order to send a clear potitica1 signal to South Afric..'\. But at the s_ ti_ there are other aspects of the ~ob1em which we must not OI7er10ck. First of all, we JllJst not forget the plight of the States neighbour ing Ebuth Africa, which are constantly threatened by Jlilitary incursions and economic black_i1 frOll Pretor la. Recogn iz1ng that those States are suffer ing economic difficulties as the situation in SOUth A~dca deteriorates, Japan is enhancing its econoaic and technical co-operation with th_ , including economic assistanCe to the lIellber COlXltr iea of the SOUthern African Developaent eo-ordination Conference. Japan attaches great iJlPOrtanoe to political dia109Ue and thus is intensifying exchanges with black African leaders. Secondly, looking ahead to th~ day wh81 true democracy is finally established and hwaan rights are enjoyed by all people in south Africa, Japan is extending hUMn resources deYe1op118nt assistance to help prepare the black people of SOuth Africa to di.charge their responsibilities effectively in their nation-building and national reconstructio..1 efforts. M'/ GoIIernment's ccntr !butions CHer the years to the hWlllmitar ian and educational funds and prograumes of the United Nat1ons, as well as its bilateral assistance, attest to the importance it attaches to this area. Japan is determisaad to extend such assistance for as long as the need continues for the developYlent of SOUth Africa's fllOSt pceclol2s resource, nuely, its people. Japan calls upon the Government of SO~th Afr lea to declare unequivocally that it intends to abolish apartheid and enter unconditionally into discussions with the leaders of the black coltlDunity cm specific steps leading to that end. Japan likewise urges all concerned to conbine their energies in peaceful efforts towards the abolition of apartheid. This century has witnessed unspeakable hcxrcxs of war, genocide and human cruelty, but I think all would agree that, with the growing awareness of our interdependence, the trend is towards peace, justice and EqW1lity. Meeting the glClbal challenges and tapping the opportunities that lie ahead will require the best efforts of every nation and every people. SO, as we pre~)!:'e fbr the twenty-first century, let us redouble our efforts to persuade SOUth Africa to acknowledge the inevitable, sooner rather than later, and abandOn its racist policies, so that it may beCOlll8 alce again ~ valued menber of the international Hr. BLIASSON (Swedenh For Namibia we now see encouraging prospects for a peaceful termination of South Africa's illegal occupation. The pe-er«luisite is the full illPl_entatlon of 8ecur ity Council resolution 435 (1978). Let U8 hope that this opportunity will not be lost. It Is of the utmost ill,POrtanoe, however, that, whUe we see the independence of NllIIihia OOIIe closer, we do not resort to wishful thinking, especially in view of are denied to the majority of South Africa's population, there will be no lasting peace in soothern Africa. A settlement of the question of Namibia cannot eliminate the root cause of conflict in southern Africa, whi""h continues to be apartheid. And, regrettably, during the past year there has'" Jen no progress towards IXllitical change in South Africa itself. In fact, the situation has deteriorated. In June this :rear the nation-wide state of emergency was again renewed. The Dcaconian prcwieions of the emergency and security regulations were t:ight~ned to cr iminalize and stifle genuine opposition and political dissent. Detention without tr tal, forced removals, palit1cal tr ials, bannings, res·triction orders and other forms of large-scale repression of opponents of aeartheid continue unabated. At the same time, vi.!.i)Uante groups, with the tacit encouragoment and assistance of the security forces, are creating havoc in black townships. Of the 2,500 persons currently u\ detention under the emergency regulations at least 1,000 have been held for one year or nore. One of th~ most alarming features is that ddldren and young people have become a special target for repression. Of those detained since the imposition of the state of emergency more tha."l 10,000 are children, a nullber of whom have suffered maltretment ~d torture. It is revolting that the SOuth Afrioan Government allows thfa situation to continue. The long-term effects on the children the!l3elves, as well as on. the society, are devastating. The dramatic increase in the use of the death penalty is another cause of gr.e concern. According to ADnesty International, 81 penona were ex~cuted in South Afr iea between January and ,:July 1989. A total of 274 people are awaiting execution. Of these at le~t 70 hwe been convicted of politic&lly JlDtivated crimes. 'lb calceal the grim realities of apartheid severe restrictionc have also been The WeeklY' Mail, and ZWelakhe Sisulu, editor of The New Nation, is, after almost two years, still in detention without being charged. (Mr. Eli&saon, SWeden) In South Africa the majcdty is rePl'essed not as individuals but as a group whet'e individuals do not count. They are simply brushec5 aside because of their race. That is why apartheid g08S deeper than political rep:ession. That is why we are all affected. Apartheid fundamentally undermines respect for the equal dignity and worth of the human pe1'SO,l! - one of the basic p:1ncip18S of the' United Nations Charter. It is therefore our: duty, as uembers of this Organization, not only to help bring about peaceful change in SOUth Africa, but equally important, to contribute to the restoration of respect for human dignity. There Can be no coexistence with apartheid. There can be no neutrality over apartheid. The logic of necessity, the fbrce of justice is this" apartheid must - and will - come to an end. Therefexe the international efforts to br ing about peaceful change in South Africa must continue. We must be firm in our demands. No weakening in the ptessure Ql the SOuth African Government should be allowed. It is the firm belief of my Government that mandatory sanctions adopted by the security Council are the most effective means of exerting such p:essure. It is therefbre disappointing that the Security Council has not yet been able to decide on such measures. Pending such a decision, SWeden, as part of a Nordic action prograume, h&s extended its previously unilateral masures and introCluced a general ban on trade with SOUth Africa. we call upon those countries that still oppose sanction~ to reconsider their position. There are other ways in which the international oommunity can facilitate the struggle against apartheid. We can assist the victims Md opponents of apartheid through generous voluntary contr ibuttons to the var ioos United Nations pra.;yr8lllDes for refugees, for relief work, for education and for legal assistance, or through direct contr ibutions to the organizations involved in such humanitar ian work. As Ch~irman of the Committee of Trustees of the United Nations Trust Fund for south Africa I should like to mention particularly the work and activities of this PuIld, which, in our view, deserves strong and increasing support from Member States. As for hUlUl'iitarian assistance, Sweden, fex its part, has foe many years supported progrunes to assist the Afr ican National Congress and the SOuth west Afr iea People's Organization. This year our assistance amounts to the equivalent of $28 million. In addition to this governmental assistance there are substantial contr !butions from non-gCJllernmental organizations. Let me mention in particular the need to support. the black labour 1IOVement in its active struggle against apartheid. Support to the front-line States remains a pillar of any international strategyfcx: (Wercoming the !partheid policies of SOuth Africa. Assistance to these countries is not only crucial if we are to reduce their vu1nerabUity~ it is also important for future developnent, when apartheid is gone and all the countries of the region, including South Africa and Namibia, join in peaceful co-operationQ Assistance to the front-line states has thus been a corner-stone of Swedish policy on southern Afr iea for many years. This year we are allocating half of our bilateral assistance, QC more than $500 million, to the countries in southern Africa. OVer the last five years Sweden has contributed close to 82 billion in different forms of assistance to the region. Another iJllPOrtant element of our policy on SOuth Afr lea is our participatiCll\ in the Ixoad-based co-oPeration between the Nordic countries and the SOuthern Afr iean Developoent Co-ordination CClI\ference (SAnCC) group. The purpose of th is co-opQl'ation is to de!l1elop the economic and cultural relations between these two regiCll\B and to reduce the dependence of the SADCC eountr ies on South Afr lea. A fetl days ago zephania Mothopeng and Harry Gwala were freed. The death sentences inflicted upon the Sharpeville Six were oolll1lluted. My Governnent hopes that these measures will be followed by the release - the real and unconditional release - of Nelscn Mandela and all other political pr Isoners. It Is of great lIIportance that genuine representatives of the SOuth African people be Irought into a national convention to discuss freely the future of their 0Im country. Peaceful change _7 still be possible in SOuth Africa, but it will have to come soon if v iolenee is not to become unavoidable. Violence, if it comes, ~ill lead to enor1llOus SUffering fcx all concerned. The ending of apartheid and the establish.nt of a democratic SOuth Afr lca without racial discr imination should now be the first itea on our agenda. It basically has to do with the dignity of man and how seriGUsly we are willing to stand up for such fundamental values. Hr. MOHAMMED (Iraq) (lnterp=etatiCln from Arabic): For decades, through this AssSlbly and _any bodies at different regional, natiOnal and international levels, the international community has been witnessing new crimes oommitted by the Pretor la aP!:lrthe~ regime aga !net the people of South Afr iea and neighbour ing peoples. This international fbrum is a means of alerting the human conscience, 80 that it _y expcess not only ita condemnation of these crimes but also its anguish at haYing to bear the responsibUity for the atrocities oolllDitted by the Pretor ia rlfgiJIe in an age when laws have been entrendled and divecsified to pl'oteet the ri~'aI and funda_ntal freedolllS of rAM,' the age of technology in the service of people, the age of space, the age of international law, the Charter of the tbited Nations and the Universal Declaration of ~~ Rights. Given the accilJml..l.1tion and the entteri~ent of such laws, the crimes of the apartheid reg1_ indicate that international concerted efforts bave a lcng way to go befcxe they can shake off the shUle of the actio2ls of the "-!bite minIXity in South Air iea and Na_ibla • (Mr. Bliasson, Sweden) Given this fact, we hwe to wander why such effective international laws and resolutions hlWe been made to fall sh«t of ending this crime. The answers to these questions are very easy to find. (Hr. Moh_d, lug) There are certain States mu! corporations that continue to coo1:)perate with the racist regime in South Afr iea in a manner that strengthens and emboldens that regime to challenge the resolutions of the international coJlJlunlty.. Those States and corporations are well known and soundly condemned. Their continued flouting of Olited Nations resolutions and their failure to fulfil their lIloral and international obligations oontitute a gr8'le threat to international peace and security • The apartheid policy that is being ~actised against the black population in South Africa has ix'ought about a dangerous situation ewer the years. It has had adver se effects on and dire Q)nsequences for the South Afr ican society 0 It has also affected the region, where the internal laws of apartheid develop into expansionism and motives for acts of aggression against Afr iean States, particularly the neighbours of SOuth Africa. These states hBV'e suffered _ch because of this terrae1st policy of aggression pursued by the apartheid r4gi_. at the internaticnal lelle1 the permanent thre81t to international peace Md security is apparent in the C'4nseqUetnces of the Escalating conflicts and the tendency to suck into its vortex other torces whose international ~terests are interdependent and conflicting. The O'Ierwhelming blade and Coloured majority in SOuth Africa, and, indeed, all those that oppose apartheid, lead a aiserable life and lack the barest nl!cesslties of human existence. The tin cities with their BlUe! IItreets and dusty atllosphere and their hewels are dens of misery and ~esPlllr. The indigenous poPJlation 18 dt~ lve<! of all that makes life worth living. '!'he people live in the aire of apartheid day in and day out. They face hwaillation, persecution and death. They al'. cSe~iYed of 1'(1811 opportunities for education, work, culture, ft_de. of extreuion, the right to vote and _ery other right that is fund_ental to life in humanly acceptable economic, social and 101itical exmditlons. They are not only denied the right to determine the future of theu own country but aleo de~ived of the right to shape their ovn and their children's fUture. On the othti' side of the racial divide the white minority live in reoplendent cities and beautiful neighbourhoods. They lead an affluent life and enjoy all the wealth of the country, at the expense of the other inhebitants, the blacks. Aga:lnet those blacks the 1I08t violent means of oppression are used and the vilest laws of 80cial and racial discr illination ar. enacted. The dignity and future of millions are trampled into the dust. People are imprisoned CX' interned at will. Rouses are dellOlished. People are _de hQllleless. People are sentenced to death and executed. Prisons are filled with the opponents of !Eartheid. A case in point is the i.ison_nt of Hr. Nelson Mandela and his fellCM activists, whom t.he authcxities of the white minority accuse of treason, conspiracy and terrcx isll. Bvery day llany are subjected to arbitrary detention, hJJmiliation, torture, dismissal. All are dltp: ived of the right to freedom of speech, asoociatiOll, dellOnstration and even pcotest. The whole country has been turned into a dreadful prisan in which c:he 1I'lOBt atrocious forms of injustice take place. Nothing in history can be likened to what is going on in South Afr loa and Namibia, except what is happening in occupied Paleotine, wbetre fot over four decades the forces of Israeli occupation hlllre been purslJing the s,.. polir:y of injustice. The Palestinian people hwe been and cantinue to be the targets of aurder, displaClf!lIent, detention, demolition of their hOll8it, and denial of their rightse Isr••U terr«ilila ha been escalated to new peaks whim bespeak the crillinal nature of the Israeli occupation. In its atteMpt to suppress the heroic yoar-old uprising of the Palestinian people, by whatfNer inhulMn lIleaftS it can (Mr. Moh&1llled, Iraq) employ, the Israeli OCQlpation has shown that each of the twin regimes of 'l'el Aviv and Pretor ia is an identical replica of the other and that this fact stems from the r3cist Mture of the two regimes. Both are based on one shilosophy that il'Nolves the per &eQltion of the indigenous population, the trampling of their human ricjlts and tha denial of their fundmlental freedoms by force of arms and the use of Violence, suppression and the policy of the iron fist. This explains to a great extent the strategic co-operatiQ'l that exists between the two regimes on the political, military, eoonomic and nuclear levels. 'l'his m-operation is an irrefutable fact. Despite Israel's attempts to polish Hs tarnished image in the eyes of the international colll!lunity through the (Xopagation of lies cQ'lcerning an alleged d'larH1e in its policies towards its strategic ally, South Africa, the situation remains the same. The truth of the matter is that Israel's alleged intentiQ'l to seale down its relations with South Africa is nothing but a .political ploy to safeCJ1ard Israeli interests in the United States of Jlmerica.. Israel's deep-rooted and nultifac:eted reltations with the racist regime in South Afr iea have beooJll!! so far-reaching that they cannot be made to look compatible with the boycott !Qv agaiilBt the apartheid regime enacted by the .~erican Congress in 1986 • . ' .. ' Calsequently, the continuation of that state of affairs caused embarrassment to Israel and its, friends in the (hited States Md it was neces~ary to mount an operation that would produce some sort of cover for Israel's relat1~s with Pretcxia and, at the same time, protect Israal from the I.merican boycott law. Israel had to be seen to be scaling down ita relatims with Sout.h Africa in order to ensure the cmtinuance of the flow of American grants and assistance to Israel itself. The international community has condemed and continues to condenn this ongoing wide-ranging co-operation between the two regimes. The competent international committees, reseerchers and experts htlVe exposed the secrets and dimensions of this co-operation in del:aUed and lengthy reports. For instance, we can refer to the reports of relevant thited Nations COIAmittees and to a report entitled ·Undercutting Sanctions~ Israel, the United States and South Africa!!', written by Jane Hunter, an American writer with the washington Middle East Association • '1'he racist regine in '1'el Aviv wreaks havoc and terrorism in the Arab region~ it destabilizes the regime's security to enable it to achieve its expansionist aims and practises its aggressive p)licies. '1'he racist ragime in South Africa follows the same pattern !nits acts of aggression and its attacks on African States, particularly neicjlbouring States. In addition to illegally occupying Namibia and turning Namibian territory into a launching-pad focaggression, it CCtltinues its acts of aggression aqainst the peoples of Angola, BotSWl!.I'18 and fbzanb:lque, among others. It too wreaks havoc and sp;eads instability. It obstructs the developnent progrannes and stunts the eClQnomic growth of African countries. The troops and mercenaries of the racist regime in South Africa use the so-called policy of strenuous pursuit as a cover for inflicting the greatest amount of danage <:in the front-lin~ States so as to weaken and blackmail the~ll through acta of aggression, violence. and war ~ The ultimate aim is to force theee States to stop supportin~ the struggle of the peoples of South Africa and Namibia for freedan, independence and s'elf-e1etermination 0 Iraq, en the basis of its consistent principled political stlllu::e against oa::upation, llg<Jressicn and racism, condemns the p:'Ilicies of aggression pursued by the Pretcr:ia regime in South Africa and calls for the granting of further assistance to the front-line States to enable them to face up to the racist regime, repels its onslaught and bury its racist policy for fNer. The policies of racism, aggression and expansionism inside and outside south Africa pose a serious threat to .international peace and security. '1'0 allow slllch policies to continue is to colllp)und the dangers they pose and their adverse impmct Cln the international arena, especially in an age of interdependent and complex interests • Iraq therefore considers that the regime's continued racist and aggressive policies in SOuth Africa pose a grave and escalating threat to international peace and security. This calls for decisive, concerted international actien and co-operation by all the states of the wocld throu(jl the thited Nations and regional and other organizations, to bring about the dismantling of the racist regime, force it to abandon its racist policies of aggression and enable the people of SOuth Afr ica to enjoy fully their ri(jlt to self-determination and their other inalienable rights. The fact that the narrow self-interest of certain States - which IlDre often than not ixag about their defmce of human rights and falsely 'Jccuse others - has led them to condone the actiens of the racist regime and appease it under various p:etexts, is one of the main reasons for the cClltinuance of apartheid and of the suffer ing of the people of South Afl' ica and Namib la and other Afr iean peoples. Iraq rejects the flilEY p:etexts put fCXWMd by certain states to justify their co-operation with and prOJlK)tion of the Pretoria regime. This concllct leads to the ,creation of many loop\oles and breaks the international ellbargo imposed on the racist regime. Thus it thwarts the effect of international resolutions, particularly those of the security ColD'lcil and the General AsllleDlbly, and enables the racist regime to continue to exist, despite its rejection and condemnaticn by the international community in the dozens of resolutions that have been adopted against it. Iraq calls upon all the States of the world to shoulder their internaticnal responsibilities and implement strictly the boycott resolutions against the south African regime to compel it to respect the will of the int:ernational oolMtunity, heed the logic of riybt and justice and the legitimacy of these principles, and end the great injustice it imposes on Afr iea. I "ish to reiterate here that Iraq continues to abido by international resolutions, particularly those of the United Nations. We have no diplanat1c, economic, political or cultural relations with the South African regime. Iraq continues to abide by the oil and arms embargoejj imposed on South Afr iea. It does not allow Iraqi ships to use SOuth African ports. Iraq has supported wery measure taken to end co-operation with South Afr iea in the nuclear field. Iraq has also co-operated on different occasions in different \eYs with the O1ited Nations in its efforts to bring to an end the ocx:upation of Namibia by the racist Pretoria regime and en2ible Namibia to achiwe its independence, under the leadership of the South west Afr iOl2 People's organization (SWAPO). QI the gO'lernmental lwel, I~aq has no political, cultural, sports or co_rcial relations with the Pretoria regime. There are no Iraqi investments in South Africa. Irl14i law bans emigration to SOUth Africa and does not allow tourist travel to South Afr iea • On the other hand, Iraq has normal relations with the African front-line States. It extends political, moral and material support to those States. Iraq does not remgnlze any bantustans and does not irwe9t in them. My country supports all libecation JIOI1ements, including the black labour JDOV'ement, in their struggle for: independence and the attainment of their human rights in South Africa and Namibia. There are no obstacles in Iraq to m-operation with these African labour moV'ements against the apartheid policy and occupation. Iraq strongly condemns the use by the Pretor ia regime of mercenar ies, whom we consider to be cdminals who should be legally punished. My delega tion is pleased to slillu te fr om th is ros tr um the people of South Africa, particularly those struggling under the leadership of the African National Congress of South Afr: ica (ANC) and the Pan Afr icanist Congress of Azania (MC), to abolish the apartheid policy and regime. This is an inevitable step towards the establishment of a democratic, non-racial society based on self-determination and majority gOlTernment. On behalf of my delegation, I reaffirm our support for the efforts of the Organization of African O1ity (OAU) to liberate Namibia from the abominable racist regime. we also reaffirm our support for the efforts of the Special CClIIIlIlttee agd.nst Apartheid and other international col1lJDittees which contribute effect.:ively to the struggle of the people in South Africa to attain their inalienable rights. Iraq's rich. experience has led it to believe that the policy of aggression is non-productive. The people of Iraq, who h8'le defended their oountry against aggression for eight years at great human and mater ial cost, believe that the people of South Africa and Namibia will succeed, because this is the logic of justice and right and t-lle lesson of history. (Mr. Mohammed, Iraq) Hr. (X)STELLO (Australia) ~ For more than 40 years the racist policies of South Africa have been discussed and debated in the United Nations. In May this year the Special COJIIDittee against Apartheid held its 25th anniversary meeting, but there was nothing to cele~ate. As the Chairman of the Special Committee, Major-General Garba, said on that occasion liThe current situation gives no reasCln for confidence or comfort-. The pernicious system of apartheid remains in t'lace in (buth Africa. Indeed, the peaceful resolution of the political er isis within South Afr ica is not in sight, and there have been too many signals in the past 12 months that oonfirm the continuing failure of the South Afr iCCin GovernZMnt to take the courageous and imaginative steps it must take if that er iais is to be resolved by peaceful negotiations. Such signals have included~ the prohibitions imposed in Pehl'uary on the activities of 17 leading anti-apartheid organizations committed to peaceful forms of struggle, and on the Ccmgress of South Afr ican Trade Unia'1sJ restrictions which have sought to silence many of the very PeOple the Gcwernment should be negotiating with to end apartheid; the renewal in June this year of a state of emergency, now in its third year, which gives the South African GoII'Q!:rnment sweeping powers to suppress political activities and dissent whether by political groups, churchmen, trade union or individual , powera to impe isoo people w1thou t trial, and to iqlOse a censorship blanket to try to prevent the truth about events in South Africa reaching all the PeOple within South Africa and the outside wa:ld. we have seen the continuing exercise of press censorship and the closing and suspension of various respected South African newspapers. The gagging of pr:ess freedom does not .lDake political pr:oblems go away. What is needed is not less inforllation but more open debate and genuine freedom of enpr:ession so that the ongoing conflict in South Afr iea can be resolved by peaceful means. We hll'le seen the recent holding of municipal elections along rachl lines quite inconsistent with a valid democratic expression of will by the pgople - , elections which th:S.s General Asaemly has alre3dy ccmdelllled. We haYe heard reports of 9rCRr1n9 vigilantisM and par a-militar ism that threaten the rlghts of &11 South Africans, and an alarming trend of increcs!ng victimization, and detention of men, wo.n and even children. we have continuing concerns about threats to the aecur ity of South Afr iea IS neighbours and the del7utating consequences of those threats to the livelihoods and wellbeing of those countr ies and their peoples. The SOUth African GcNernment has taken some small positive steps in recent weeks. It has ooDl1\uted the sentences of the Sharpeville Six. If: has released the lang-term political ps: ismers ?.ephania ifDthopeng and Harry Gwala on humanitar ian grounc1s. There has also been an imprOlement in the circull1!':Jtances of the detention of NelsCft Mandela. But what change there is has been painfully and disappointingly Jlc::M. And .Ue recent mOIres are welcome they remain totally inadequate &S any token of oonmit1llen.~ on the part of the Government of South Afr lca to put an end to the system of /apartheid. When the announcement concerning Nelam Mandela was made last week it was announced he could not be released because of alleged unspecified risks or threats to his safety" Last week in the Australian Par liament the Minister for Foreign M'fairs said the Australian GeYernment would be most cCI1cerned if unsubstantiated alleged risks to Nelson Mandela were to ba used an an excuse to delay his release indefinitely. I\' GoIernment continues to believe that Nelson Mandala's unconditional release wouUt. 31p to heal the deep divisions a11On9 South Africans. Similarly, the decision wi th respect to the Sharp6Ville Six has been welcomed by my Q)vernmont, but relief at that news has bGen tempei:'eci by the lengthy p!' isen terms to which. the Six have been sentenced - up to 25 yeara - which seems particular ly onerous in view of the highly contrOlTereial use of the so-called common purpoeli) doctrine in this case. And our relief was tempered still further by the awful news that aeveral JIOre people have since been hanged. Continuing i:ep:ession on the part of the SOuth African GoI7ernment is not and can never be! the solution to SOuth Afr ic:a 's chronic political problems. Only a freely negotiated and non-racist resolution of SOuth Africa Gs p:oble11S CiNl p:event steadily increasing tension, violence and bloodshed in South Afr iea and the regim in the future. What is needed now from the Government of SOuth Afr iea is iniaginative (';l\d courageous action, heeding tha advice of the world community and casting aside its totally discredited policies of the past. There is need for couragEl and illlUigination in releasing HelBeD Mandela unconditionally, and freeing from detention other political pr iscnei:s, in lifting the state of emergency and allowing free political eXpt'8ssion and orgGnization~ for courage and imagination in st12rting now to negot.ilste with authentic black leaders on a non-racist democratic s~1Jtem ba6ed on equality and dignity foe all SOl!th Afdcans~ and for courage and imagination to seek a path of peace and reconciliation, at home and abroad, and to break the cycle of violence endemic In South Africa. The situation in South Afr lea remaino 11 tragic one and it cannot endure indefinitely. It remains in the interests of SOuth Africa, of th~re9ion and of the enti!:e international C):IIllunity, that the problems of SOuth Afr iea be solVed peacefully to avoid further violence, ccnfrcntt_don an'd bloodshed. (Hr. COGtello, Australia) At the heart of these (Xoblems lies apartheid, a system of injustice and institutialalized racism which is foreign to Australia's OOJllllitment to democracy and freedom, and contrary to 511 civilized human values. Australia has taken a prominent and determined stance against apartheid and its injustices. We have done so on our own and we have done so in oompanY wi th like-minded countries. In choosing measures we have been guided by a nul'dJer of consideratials. Some of our sanctions are specifically targeted, such as our ban on repl'esentative sports exchanges between Australia and SOuth Afr ica, the cessation of air links, and our withdrawal of consular facilities for visa issue from South Africa. These are aimed particularly a~ white South Africans and are designed to bring home to them the personal cost of maintaining apartheid and to encourage them to be instr umenta of change with in South Afr!ca. Other measures hlJ\Te a wider purpose. In this category I would highlight a nullber of sanctions takeil by Australia together with its partners in the COJJmOnwealth. Australia has implenented all measures agreed by CotllllOnwealth leaders in Nassau in Q:tober 1985 and in London in 1986. These measures include: the p:ohibiticn of exports to SOuth Africa of petroleum and petroleum products, computer hardware equipnent: and any other pl'oducts known to be of use to the South Afr iean seour ity forces, and lA str ict embargo on im1X)l'ts of arms, amunition, artillery vehicles and psra-military equ!paent and on military co-operation with South Afr tea. Australia has impl8llented secur ity Council resolutions 418 (1977) and 558 (1984) en the export and import of ar_ and is currently tal< ing the necessary adllinistrative steps to ensure that Australian practice is in conformity with security Comci1 resolution 591 (1986) in volWltarUy strengthening the arms embargo to include spare Pirts and military related equiplOnto (Hr. Costello, Australia) There has been discouragement by Australia of new investments, the baMlng of new bank loans to South Afr lea and the termination of all Government assistance to imrestment in and trade with South Africa. Australia has also introduced a code of conduct for Austr&1ian oompanies operating in SOuth Afr iea to ensure that they do not exploit the injustices of tIie apartheid system. An administrator has been appointed to report on the code and the first report was tabled in our Parliament in 1987. Australia hY a ban on all Government procurement in South Afr iea, on the prollOtion of tour ism to SOuth Africn (we closed ta'1e offices of the SOuth African Tourist CCllllDisslon in 1986), and there is a ban on Government oontracta with majority-owned South African companies. 1;ustraU.l.l has also banned the import of uranium, coal, iron and steel from SOuth Africa. All these DDasures are now established in Australian law and policy. Some of them haY'e hurt and lit e hurting us, but this has given us no exeuse not to implement them. (Mr. C08tello, Austral!!.) But sanctions need to be taken by all countries if'they are to be truly effective. My Government is on record as being willing to support mandatory sanctions against SOUth Africa. The outrage felt against apartheid is international. The measurfS tx> llorce its abandonAent should have the same international scope. we believe there are also IOsitive measures that can be taken to encourage and support change in South Africa and to strengthen the stand of the international colIIDunity against ap!!rtheid. In Q::t:ober 1983 the Australian Government announQf''' the inti'oductiat of a PE'0gralllDe to enable PE'ominent opponents of apartheid to visit Australia. Bishop 'l'Utu, Mr. Boesak, Mr. Breyentach, Mr. rane-Berman and Mt. Oliver Tamo have visited Australia under the PE'0graJllma. Most recently, Mrs. Joyce Mokhesi, a sister of one of the members of the Sharpeville Six visited Australia under the scheme lind met with ~ti-apartheid groups, parliamentary and legal groop8, senior GcNel'nment and ~pofJit1an leaders and our Prim Minister and Foreign Minister. Since 1983 the Australian GoIrernment has operated a sdlolarship pr:ogranmo for black South Africans to undertake tertiary-level studies in South Africa, and this scheme has been supplemented by a progrune for black SOuth African refugees to study in Australian tertiary institutions. In Decenber 1986 Australia aMomced a five-year $AS million G<Nernment progralllDe - subsequently increased to S7.S million - for education, training and developaent of disadvantaged black SOuth Africans and Namibians as well as SOuth African and Nall1bian refugees. Australia also contributes annually to the united Nations Trust :rund lex SOuth Africa• Australia's ccntacts with the natianalist .ewementla of southern Africa have been expanded. The Atl' iean Rational Congress of South Afr iea (ANe), the Pan Afdcmist Congress of bania (mC) and the South west Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) maintain inforstion offices in Australia. The Australian Govern.nt firll1y supports the peaceful eXlZession of opinion and disseaination of infor_tien by these exgan1zaticns in Australia. As a _lIber of the Coaaonwealth COIIIIittee of Foreign Ministers en Southern Africa, Australia ccmtinues actively to pursue lIeasures calculated to ina:ease pressure on the apartheid system to bring about funda_ntal political dumge. Australia will serve a8 host to a meeting of that eo_ittee in the middle of next year. Every year at the General Assembly, and in the Seeur ity Council, we hear oandemation of apartheid in South Africa. But ruolutlons of the Gen&ral Assenbly have been ignored. The Security COUncil too has been paralyrlGd by a ClOlllbination of South African defiance and the use of the veto by those perJUnent _lIbere that do not support mandatory s8Ilcticna against SOuth AfriC3. And apertheid is still with us. There can be no doubt about the deteraination of the United Nations tc end apartheid, even if 80 fE it has not led to the attaimlent of that goal. Inevitably, apartheid's days lire nlUlbered~ inevitably, justice will ptwail. We cannot and aust not ~egard thee debates as repetitive rituals. we aust retain and increase the pc_sure. SOuth Africa .oat be given the unaistakable .saa~ that its apartheid policies cannot Md shall not be tol....ated. They are Mathe.. to the baeie tenets of a c!vUized world. (Mr. Coatello, Austral!!) The PRBSIDBH'l': In accordance with the decision taken by the General AIIsellbly at ! ta 3rd plenary .dUng, on 23 septellber 1988, I now call on the repr_entative of the Pan Atr1cantst ;::ongreas of Azanla. Mr. IBRABDl (Pan Africaniat CClngress of Azania (MC) h On behalf of the Pan 141' icaniat Congress of Azania, the custodian of ~e genuine aspirations of the oppressed, exploited, discriainated against and dispossessed people of Azanla (South Africa), al1011 _ lIIOat 8incer~ly to thank Nlllber States for giving us this opportunity of addressing the General AsseDbly on this illportant agenda item. In our presentation we shall atteapt to 1'8I1iew the developnent8 ou Ing the past year and update !lellbers on the current situationo Raw.".. , before QOllllencing IlIY presentation, I wish to ..... ilVey to the Assembly wara l'e'I1oluticnary greetings frOIl President Ze{b4U\ia II)thopeng, who was released last Saturday frosa the apu'tbeid pr iscn. Be personally aSKed lie to exprees his P&'ofound gratitude to all thee. Momer States, organizations and. individuals that had stood with hi. and the legitimate struggle of the Azanian peoplo during his yeuft, of incarceration. He further aekQd lie to call (Xl the Assamly to int~nsify the political, econoaic, diplcaatic and cultural isolation of the illegal minor ity racist reg1lleo Now that he ha won his mccnditional release, his top priority, he said, 18 tlO unite the Azanian people in their legitillate struggle for national liberation and sil1f-deterainatiO"'. President Ibthopeng's spirit is as formidable as w... Re is locking forward to addr4!l8l1ing the Aallubly personally in the near future. Raving dutifully conveyed the personal _s8age of President zephMla Motbopeng, I mbO'.Jld like now to ccntinue with our ~esentatlon. !parth.id wu lang since declared a eri_ against hUlillmity. The %acists frOll aparb"ta SOUth Afdcll have b..... correctly denied the SOUth African s.t in the General A8SC!lDbly. The illegal rainCllt'ity racist regime la ccnfrcnted with growing political isolation, internally and· internaticnmlly. The sanctions campaign is begiMing to bite. Also, the balance of forces on the ground, both inside apartheid South Africa and in the region, is fast changing. In the past year the 0PlEessed and dispossessed people of Azania hwe significantly intensified their struggles on the 1J)litical, organlzaticnal and arlled-struggle fronts. Allow me Ixiefly to enUllerate SOIIe of the known and otwiou3 acb ieveaenta • The oppressed and exploited workers in Azania, through the National Council of Trade unions (NAC'l'tJ) and the CcmgJ:es. of South African Trade Unions (COSA'l'U), not only h.e achie-"ect an unprecedented degree of organizational success but have participated in effective joint actions inside the country. The Azanian workers, IlOreover, through HAC1'U and COSA'lU, are liberation-or iented and tharefore censtltute an important and effective C!lslIent in the sUlJggle for national liberation and self-detell:'!linatian. In tenlB of advancing the struggle inside apartheid South Afr iea, what did our people achieve in the year .mder reviw? In January 1988, despite the state of emergency and increasod arrests and banning., the Azania National Youth Olity (AZARYU), the nationally based youth cr:ganb::ation, held & congress attended by over 2,000 delegates inlllida apartheid South Africa. That cenfumee took important decisions, including ene to put an end to -necklacing-. The participants not only took that iaportant declsim but lIIucceufuUy implellent8d it. Five Western elba.8i_ in South Africa Selt obse"us to the conference. (Mr. BbI'ab 111, ~)