A/PV.2233 General Assembly

Although it may appear to be false modesty to consider oneself unworthy of something which one has wished for in silence, the extent of the confidence which the Assembly has un.animously placed in me gives me an opportunity to estimate the importance of the merits which I do not possess myself and, at the same time, to try to become more aware, with both sincere and profound humility, of my own personallimitations. Yet, at one time or another in one's existence, who has not, quite legitimately aspired to being professionally recognized? 17. My friendly gratitude to all of you is enhanced by the fact that, over and above the contingencies and whims offate, I should like to regard your verdict as a tribute paid to all the peoples of the continent which, by its unanimous choice, has so decisively burdened me with this new debt. 18. .I should also like to regard your ruling as a recognition of Africa, which is in its full efflorescence. Moreover, certain as I am of your full agreement, I should like to regard it, above all, as a manifestation of your deference to all those generations of freedom fighters, who, like those in my country, have themselves shouldered the historic responsibility for making a decisive contribution to the advent of a better world, if necessary, with weapons in their hands. i9. If great empires have arisen from oppressive violence, what greater empire could there be than th,' ~~ah'1 ofjustice, which itself makes revolutionary violence legitimate-revolutionary violence, which is the only way for peoples to liberate themselves? 20. As the victim of an almost unjust fate which has lavished always unexpected favours on me, :~' r~::d=:l:i::=~::~::e~g:::Poople', Republic ~ll oa/ions of the world? The three principles of jusof my country bears witness to this. Of course, the 36. For the first time this year these crucial matters have been set down as the subjects of specific debate. Acting at a particularly delicate moment in the international economic situation, Algeria considered this forum to be the most appropriate one to establish a genuine dialogue and to look for constructive solutions. The debate is still open. It will continue during the present Assembly, and then during the next special session of the Assembly. 37. By dint of their scope and complexity, the problems which have been raised by the Group of 77 developing countries form the very warp and woof of the historic evolution of our times. The fact that this year they have taken on an unprecedented breadth and political acuteness in the Organization, where 39. We know, Mr. Secretary-General, everything that you have already done to ensure that the Organization shows its face wherever there is any danger to world peace. Your personal action has helped to make the Organization a tool which is being resorted to more and more by countries in search of a settlement of their disputes. The confidence which, once again, world public opinion has placed in the United Nations gives us new opportunities both to develop the activities ofour institutions and to promote a climate, a method and a system which will make it possible to ensure that the existence among States of more harmonious relations and thus to guarantee our generation and coming generations a future which will be marked by peace and understanding. 40. This is not the first time that this wish has been uttered from this platform. This wish formed the very thinking of those who drafted the Charter and it continues to prevail in the policies and the activities of the Organization. Need I say that today, perhaps even more than in recent years, when peace is being so threatened in various ways and when new storm clouds are gathering over certain parts of the world, the vocation of the United Nations to guarantee peace and s~curity remains more urgent than ever and is a yardstick of the continuing responsibilities of the Organization? 41. The international context in which the present session is opening is, unfortunately, not free of sources of concern which, from year to year, form, as it were, the backdrop ·of our work. But before I actually turn to those problems, I should like to welcome an event which is of the greatest interest in the international community and a source of legitimate satisfaction to the Organization, and that is the accession to independence of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau as well as the progress which is being made in the liberation of other Portuguese colonies. We are very pleased to see that Portugal, which had so long been outlawed by the international community because of the stubborn way in which it pursued a 44. If in South-East Asia imperialist aggressions have uncertainly crept back beneath the legal camouflages of the Paris agreements on Viet Nam, we are certain that the defeat of the aggressors is assured, as is also the victory of the peoples of Indo-China. The fact that international public opinion has slackened its attention as a result of this has meant that the question of the MiddUe East has gained the limelight-and quite rightly. And this is because the destiny ot" the Middle East affects that ofall of Europe. And the fate of Europe has world-wide repercussions. Less than ever can the Mediterranean now be regarded as a lake of peace; because the Middle East has become the stake for major rivalries. The repercussions of events in that region which is a nerve-centre will undoubtedly be felt even beyond adjacent continents. Already, the attention which is being paid by Africa, Asia and Europe to the development of the struggle of Arab peoples is a harbinger of developments of which it is difficult today to measure the full impact. It is my earnest belief that the problems involved here require from us solutions which may well run counter to the traditions which are most strongly anchored in our institutions. 45. No one could ask us to be optimistic, as long as the conquered territories have not been restored, and since the Palestinian homeland has been given up in the circumstances we are aware of, no one can ~xpect the international community to bargain with lis solidarity with the Palestinian people, until, in accordance with the principles of the Charter and the pertinent resolutions of the United Nations, it has 51. The crises that have occurred in different continents, whose development led to the very threshold of a general conflagration, attest to the flaws f,"d the dangers of an international order which rest oS exclusively on the will of a few powerful nations and is the offshoot of the nature of their relations. That order, however, is the one that has prevailed since the end of the Second World War and for 25 years has shown its virtues but also proved its limitations and its inadequacies. 52. The movement of the non-aligned countries was born of the gradual awareness of the flaws in that international system, controlled as it was by the great Powers. Its prima.ry obje,;:tive was precisely to guarantee to small countries safety against the abuses of such a regime. 53. The movement of the non-aligned countries is constantly being strengthened in the crucible of its difficult undertaking; it is as close to an ideal on which it depends as to an international reality which it cannot ignore. Whenever both a commitment and a pressing need were faced, the movement has chosen. It has chosen unequivocally for the sake of those men whom a fleeting event condemned to suffer history, regardless of the dangers that might flow from all the centres of decision which make history on the basis of the strategic estimates of the moment, merchant interests or the will for power and domination. The service of truth and the service of freedom, which make up the greatness of its vocation, cannot be shirked. It must keep cool and at times confront the upheavals of a decadent period because, however seduced.the third world may be by spectacular acquisitions of brilliant technology, it has learned not to divide itself from the hum~n and to be convinced that mankind has a right to expect things that are perhaps more elementary but more in keeping with needs that are as pressing as they are vital. 54. Through the ideological clashes philosophies multiply, vary, harden and become very tempting. But who could contend that civilization has yielded all its secrets? If ideas advance resolutely, we still have not acquired the right to fall back into optimism. Now that science has conquered such heights, prodigious treasures of knowledge are so carefully guarded that the world which aspires to perfection and unity has become complex. Such a situation means that through the misleading paradoxes ofinternational relations, we are always termed barbarians by someone. It is true that right is not now the sole possession of the pontiffs, and significant progress has been achieved in many fields thanks to the proliferation of international meetings. and the enriching exchanges of view that take place. there. Events have quickly assumed a universal scope. Policies used to be decided without us, against us, despite us. But we have conquered the right to make ourselves heard, to be allowed to participate actively and helpfully. It is true that we are merely at'the first stages of the inevi- 57. The development of the movement of nonaligned countries in the course of the last few years must be considered as a phenomenon whose importance and ramifications yield in no way to those of the detente that ha:-. taken place in the relations between the super-R)wers. The new dimensions it has acquired and the dynamism which is constantly shown by it make it a weighty participant in world affairs. 58. The appearance of this new piece on the world chessboard was not favourably welcomed by all, particularly by those who were troubled by this intrusion of the small nations into a system that thus far had been managed by the great. Others expressed some doubt regarding the solidity and effectiveness of the movement, because of the number and vulnerability of the countries it brought together. 60. In allowing the smaller nations to assume their part of the responsibilities in the management of world affairs, non-alignment appears as an undeniable component of international balance. In so doing, it also plays the role of promoter of detente, not only by breaking up a confrontation between the super-Powers, often a dangerous one, but more particularly by participating actively in improving relations among States. In setting aside the static and defensive attitude it adopted in the first few years, today it shows a vitality through which it proves that it has achieved maturity and the clarity of its objectives which now allows it to introduce a better harmony into the world. 61. The voice which the movement of non-aligned countries raises may at times still be too feeble, and not always persuasive. But it cannot purely and simply be disregarded when we propose to free the world of the dangers that threaten it. The international community is becoming gradually aware of us and we are happy to note that among the suggestions that were put forward to solve the Cypriot question, some depended upon the effective contribution that might be made by the group of non-aligned countries. It is no longer that witness whose assessment of a detente was sometimes sought, one that had been decided upon without consulting it and very often a detente which bordered on its own frontiers. t~e Algerian head of State himself, who today assumes the responsibility of presiding over the movement of non-aligned countries: "Because of the innumerable threats which lurk around it, the world in which we live leaves little room for optimism. But tbat is the major reason why we must exorcise from our spirits the doubt that weakens our will and banish from our hearts the disquiet which leads to discouragement. The great problems which we must face and in the search for whose solutions we may find ourselves confronting even harsher tests than those of the past will force us to have greater faith in our future, must uphold us in our enthusiasm and will nurture our belief in the solidity and the greatness of the destiny both of each of our coun-. tries and ofthe international community as a whole." 62. Everything is happening as though recent history had once and for all endorsed the vocation and aptitude of the third world for partnership in the determination of the elements of international balance. This is an undeniable qualitative change. The re§trictions allowing for a sort, of monopolization of initiatives bearing on the security of the entire international community will gradually be removed, and in the task of building peace, no seigneurial rights will be allowed to one or another' region of the world, or one or another political family, so that the search for peace now becomes the search of all. 63. The United Nations offers the non-aligned countries the right arena wherein to affirm their principles and contribute best to the tasks of safeguarding and strengthenil'kg security in the world. 64. The emergence of the non..aligned movement and its affirmation as the authentic spokesman for the third world have had considerable influence on the activity of the United Nations, on its orientation and its effectiveness. And it is not one of its minor merits that it has contributed to giving the Organization new life and renewed confidence in its own mission.

In accordance with the procedure followed in the past, I should now like to invite the General Assembly to consider, under item 22 of the provisional agenda entitled ••Admission of new Members to the United Nations" the positive recommendations by the

I declare Grenada admitted to membership in the United Nations.

We turn now to the draft resolution A/L.730 and Add.1 on the admission of the Republic of Guinea- Bissau to membership in the United Nations. May I take it that the General Assembly accepts the recommendation of the Security Council and adopts the draft resolution unanimously?

I declare the Republic of Guinea-Bissau admitted to membership in the United Nations. 83. We are fully aware of the fact that the birth of Guinea-Bissau is not the result of a peaceful politi- cal process but rather the fruit of sweat and bloodshed in the bitter struggle which its valiant and dedicated sons and daughters had been waging for more than a decade. To President Luis Cabral, his Govern- ment and the entire people of Guinea-Bissau, the attainment of independence marks the beginning of a long struggle, a struggle for survival, a war against disease, illiteracy and hunger, for, although Portugal had been ruling Guinea-Bissau and the Cape Verde Islands since the middle of the fifteenth century, nothing was done in the way of alleviating the social and economic conditions of the masses. However, we are confident of the ability of the people of Guinea-Bissau to consolidate their struggle, which they have rightfully won. 88. As I mentioned earlier, the admission of the two other, friendly States of Banglaqesh and Gre- nada gives us great happiness. These two States have a common purpose with that of Africa: to devel- op themselves' to a level of standards comparable to those that are regarded as satisfactory for the well-being of their entire populations; We look for- ward to a fruitful co-operation with them here at the United Nations and on a bilateral basis. 89. Finally, we should like to pay a tribute to the Secretary-General, Mr, Kurt Waldheim, for the personal interest he has shown in the process of decolonization, and to all organizations and agencies which are in various ways involved in the fight against imperialism, colonialism and racial discrimination throughout the world in general and in Africa in particular. 84. Yet this is not the end of the struggle for self- determination in the continent of Africa. Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, the Spanish Sahara, Sao Tome, French Somaliland are not yet free. We welcome the new approach of the new Portuguese authorities with guard,ed optimism.

On behalf of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, I wish, in my capacity as its Acting Chairman, to express my deep gratitude and appreciation for the opportunity to address this august body in connexion with the admission of Bangladesh, Grenada and' Guinea-Bissau to membership in the United Nations. 85. We are gratified at the signing in Zambia of an agreement between the Lisbon Government and the leaders of the Frente de Liberta~ao de Mo~am­ bique [FREL/MO] on 7 September. This agreement, which specifies independence for Mozambique by 25 July 1975 and guarantees a transitional Government during the interim period, is a commitment by the Portuguese Government to live up to the promise it made when it came to power earlier this year in April. However, we are all aware that there have been recent demonstrations by a few misguided minority whites and an abortive take-over of one or two buildings by the so-called Dragons of Death group-and that is really what they are, as has been demonstrated by the number of lives that have been lost. We hope that Portugal will not allow a handful of white extremists to embarrass it in its endeavours to transfer the political power into the hands of the majority of Mozambicans. It is now imperative 91. Mr. President, since the head of the delegation of Iran will have an opportunity subsequently to welcome you to the presidency of the twentyninth session of the General Assembly on behalf of the Iranian delegation, I should like at this stage to confine myself to expressing the Special Committee's satisfaction, and my own, at seeing you elected to that important post. Your country's outstanding and consistent contributions to the cause of decolonization are too well known to require elaboration., Suffice it to state that the successful ~hip, were indeed a corner-stone in the annals of the Special Committee's endeavours to assist the peoples of colonial territories in the ultimate attainment of their liberation and full independence. 92. The admission today of the Republic of Guinea- Bissau to membership in the Organization brings particular joy and pleasure to those of us in the Special Committee who have, since the inception of the Committee's work, followed closely the courageous struggle of the people of Guinea-Bissau under the heroic leadership of the PAIGC. Having proclaimed in September last their full national independence, the people of the newly born Rept' 'nc demonstrated to the world in no unclear terfi1l~ the unshakable determination of oppressed peoples to regain their human· dignity and their fundamental rights, whatever sacrifice might be required, in order to live their lives free from colonial and alien domination. 93. The victory and progress achieved by the people of Guinea-Bissau serve as a source of great inspiration and encouragement to all those engaged in the liberation struggle elsewhere, partkularly in the southern part of Africa. Let us all hope that we shall soon be welcoming among us not only independent Mozambique and Angola, but also free Zimbabwe and Namibia. Grenada has also engaged the continued attention of the Special Committee since the inception of its work. 94. We, the members of the Special Committee, wish to express our confident hope that the process of peaceful evolution towards self-determination and independence taking place in the smaller colonial territories in the region will be further expedited by intensified efforts on the part of the members of the world community, particularly of those responsible for their administration. Let us take this opportunity to redouble our efforts to comply fully with the provisions of the relevant United Nations resolutions and to extend all moral and material assistance to the peoples concerned, for the achievement of the goals set forth both in the Charter and in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peopies [resolution /5/4 (XV)]. 95. I should like also to take this opportunity to welcome, as representative of Iran, the admission of Guinea-Bissau and Grenada, as well as of the People's Rt:public of Bangladesh, with which my country enjoys excellent relations, to membership in the United Nations. We are sure that Bangladesh, as a new State, will play an important role in international affairs with the maturity of the ancient nation it is. We hope that, with membership in the world Organization finally achieved by the People's Republic of Bangladesh, the memories of conflict in the subcontinent will soon disappear. It is our sincere hope that Bangladesh will grow in strength, in friendship with its neighbours and indeed with the world community as a whole.. 10I. Finally, Mr. President, I would like to pledge our unqualified' co-operation and understanding, as well as our assistance in lightening the heavy responsibilities that we have jUs~ placed upon you.

Since I am speaking as representative of Algeria, it would ill behoove me to follow the example of previous speakers in congratulating you, Mr. President, on your election or in listing those qualities which have earned you the new and important responsibilities that have been vested in you. However, I take advantage of this privilege of speaking among the first here to echo you in saying how honored Algeria feels at the General Assembly's decision to elect you its President, and in extending our sincere gratitude to all Members. 103. Our twenty-ninth session is beginning with the admission to membership in the United Nations of Bangladesh, Grenada and the Republic of Guinea-

Mr. President, on behalf of the States members of the Asian group of States in its capacity as Chairman of that group for this month, the Afghan delegation would like to take this opportunity to congratulate you, on your unanimous election a::. President of the twentyninth session of the General Assembly. Your election is a well-deserved honour for your country, the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, and for Africa, of which your country is a part. 113. I also wish to avail myself of this opportunity to welcome the new Members, namely, the People's Republic of Bangladesh, the Republic of Guinea- Sissau, and Grenada on their admission to the United Nations. The admission of these three new States is a continuation of the steps being taken by this world body towards a fuller representation of the peoples of the world. This auspicious moment in the history of the United Nations, in my view, is not due to a mere historical accident but is rather the outcome of a long and difficult struggle by the people of these new Member States against colonialism, foreign occupation and alien domination. 114. As members of the Asian group of States, we take special pleasure in seeing a State from our region, the People's Republic of Bangladesh, taking its rightful place among the sovereign States in this world Organization. The heroism and. self-sacrifice of the people of Bangladesh in the legitimate struggle which they waged for their freedom has served as. a clear indication of the fact that the struggle ofpeople everywhere for independence will ultimately triumph and the world will respect the will of the people. 115. The Asian States are equally pleased to welcome the membership of the Republic of Guinea- Bissau. The long struggle of the people of Guinea- Bissau under the leadership of its national leaders has culminated in the success which we witness on this auspicious occasion. 116. The accession to independence of Grenada and its joining the United Nations reflect the fruit of the efforts of its people and are positive steps in 110. The independence of Guinea-Bissau marks the begirming of the evolution towards freedom and 124. Self-sacrificing indeed has been the struggle which has been waged by the people of Bangladesh to win their liberty and to start to shape their life along the Hnes of social progress. This heroic people has made enormous sacrifices and fought in bitter battles in order to win' their right to create their independent State. Over three years have passed now since the independence of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was proclaimed, a period which has been filled with events and which has shown the viability of the new young State. The efforts of the people of Bangladesh to strengthen their independence and to rebuild a new life on the basis of peaceful co-existence, have confirmed the international authority of the country. It has now been recognized by more than 100 States and is a member of numerous international organizations, both specialized agencies and others. 125. We should remind members of the importance of the tripartite agreement which was signed in Delhi on 9 April 1974 and which is a genuine contribution to the normalization of the situation in the subcontinent. The steps which have been taken by the leaders of India, Bangladesh and Pakistan in order to overcome the radical causes underlying disputes and conflicts and in order to establish goodneighbourly relations undoubtedly are of great significance. The entire world has now witnessed the re..olution, the resolve and the perseverance of the people and Government of Bangladesh to follow a policy of peaceful coexistence and to support actively the universal struggle for the strengthening of peace. 126. Our socialist States have given full support to the national liberation movements of the people of Bangladesh. After the proclamation of the independence of the country, we established comprehensive and mutually beneficial relations and cooperation on tl'i~ basis of the principles of peaceful co-existence. Those relations are yielding the expet:ted excellent results redounding to the benefit of the people of Bangladesh and to the peoples of our countries mutually. We have never had, nor could we ever have, any doubt that the People's Republic of Bangladesh is fully entitled to occupy its legiaimate place among us and we are firmly convinced that it will play an important part in the United Nations in order to consolidate peace and security or. the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent and throughout the world. 127. Our countries and peoples have admired and continue to admire the heroic and self-sacrificing struggle waged for 11 years against colonial domina- ~ion by the brave people of Guinea-Bissau under the leadership of its party, the PAIGC; for its struggle which culminated in full victory was an integral part of the universal national liberation struggle of the peoples of Africa against the colonial yoke and cruel exploitation by colonialists and neo-colonialists and for the development of their countries along new progressive lines. 138. The Latin American group, through me, would especially like to express its satisfaction to the delegation ofGrenada on the occasion ofits admission to the United Nations. We should like to state that we feel sure that it will make 11 valuable contribution throughout its participation in the work of the Organization. 132. I should like to conclude my welcoming words by quoting the Chairman of the Council_ of Stat~ of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, Todor Zhivkov, tu!'~. there is reason tbr legitimate pride on the part of the Government of Portugal. which. interpreting th~ historic moment that mankind is living through. has definitively taken the path of honourable amends. 140. The opportunity is propitious to express the wish that in the very near future we shall welcome the legitimate representatives of Mozambique and Angola. thus completing. to the honour of Portugal and those nations, the process of decolonization. 141. Mr. President, in congratulating you on the distinction conferred upon you and the Government of Algeria on the responsibility entrusted to it. I pledge to you the co-operation of Latin America in the common enterprise to implement fully the high human aims that inspire the ideological foundat!ons of the United Nations. 142. Mr. CARAYANNIS (Greece): Speaking in my capadty of Chairman of the group of Western European and other States, I feel great joy and deep emotion in conveying on behalf of this geographical group sincere congratulations to the new Members on their admission to membership in the United N3tions and I wish to assure them of our complete support in the pursuance of the common objectives of the Organization. Three countries of three different continents will be among us from now on: the People's Republic of Bangladesh, the aepublic of Guinea-Bissau and Grenada. Their membership is an iml-ortant example of the fact that whatever the differences, ideological or otherwise, there is al -ays a margin for finding peaceful solutions. 143. By the decisions taken this aft~rnoon the United Nations has achieved an important step forward towards the universality of the Organization and recognition of the right of all peoples to be represented in this supreme international forum. The process towards the universality of the Organization is an irreversible evolution of history. We all realize this evolution and we are most glad to combine in our minds today's historic dedsions with the irrefutable fact that with new people one is entitled to expect a freshness of ideas and trends.. [The speaker continued in French.~ 144. Mr. President, permit me to offer you on this occasion my personal congratulations on your unanimous election as President of the General Assembly. If I say "personai congratulatioOf.;" it i.:: beca....e I am certain that the foreign minister;;; ofthe European countries who will speak in a few days ~n the general debate wm be particularly pleased to offer you the official congratulations of their respective countries.

Mr. President, on behalf of Lebanon, in its capacity as head of the Arab group of State~ at the United Nations for this month, and in the name of the Arab group, allow me to present to you our t~ promote peace all over the world and to contribute to the processes of development and progress. Bangladesh, which is suffering, along with another group of countries, some economic and social problems, is worthy of meeting with every possible support from the Organization, support which would enable it to overcome the problems facing it. 150. The Arab delegations warmly hail Guinea- Bissau because the achievement of its independence is a crowning ot' the struggle of its people for freedom and for self-determination which are sacred rilihts 157. My delegation greets the admission o~ the People's Republic of Bangladesh with the greatest satisfaction because of my country's close relations of friendship and co-operation with it from the very first day of its establishment. In the same way, m~' country lent full support to, and exerted very active efforts for, Bangladesh's early admission to the United Nations. 158. The wisdom and realism of the leaders of Bangladesh-and we have particularly in mind the dil)tinguished leader, our friend Mujibur Rahmantogether with all others directly involved, have contributed to the growing normalization of relations between Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. 159. Now, we are all well aware of the extraordinary difficulties with which the people and the Government of Bangladesh have had to grapple from the very outset under the arduous conditions of war deVastation, natural catastrophes, and extremely unfavourable world economic trends. Therefore, it is not sufficient for us merely to admit Bangladesh to our ranks; we should utilize this event to redouble all our efforts-whether bilateral, through the United Nations, or other-to provide the assistance indispensable to Bangladesh, both urgent aid and longterm assistance for its all-round dev~lopmeQt. 152. Finally, I have to refer to the important and effective role played by the United Nations since its creation in responding to the aspirations of peoples towards liberation and independence. The United Nations started its life with 51 Members and now it has 138 Members. All indications show that this figure is likely to increase until the aspirations of all peoples to freedom and independence are realized. Therefore, we have to recognize the great efforts undertaken by the United Nations in this connexion. 160. The entry of Bangladesh will give added strength to the world Organization. Bang!adesh has ~ aiready made a great contribution by opting for socialism and non-alignment and by its support of the idea oftransforming the Indian Ocean into a zone of peace. Bangladesh is already an important and active factor of progress, peace and stability in the region and generally, and we are sure that the role of Bangladesh in that respect will continue to grow. 153. At this time when we are hailing the admission of the three new Member States, we would ask their delegations to convey to their respective Governments the Arab delegations' good wishes towards them and their peoples and hopes for their constant progress and prosperity. 161. The admission of Guinea-Bissau is undoubtediy one of the brightest moments in the life of the world Organization during the present decade. Its admission-after the long and successful fight of its people for freedom, independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity-marks the definitive beginning of the end of the vestiges 'of colonialism. From the very beginning Yugoslavia has done its utmost to assist directly the liberation struggle of PAIGC and it recognized the Republic of Guinea- Bissau on the very first day.

Mr. President, in congratulating you on your election as President of the twenty-ninth session of the General Assembly, I wish to state-only briefly, because my Minister in his statement iu the general debate will have more to say about it-how proud we are to see a distinguished representative of a non-aligned country, indeed the co-ordinator of the non-aligned movement, assume such 9. high office. 155. Let me also use this opportunity to state how impressed we were by the wise and dedicated way in which the President of the last session of the General Assembly, the representative of Ecuador, Mr. Leopoldo Benites, guided us through both the twenty-eighth session and the sixth special session of the General Assembly. 162. Many of the best sons of Gub~a-Bissau lost their lives in the struggle led by the revolutionary leadership of PAIGC, and I cannot but evoke on this occasion the heroic figure of Amilcar Cabral-founder of PA1GC and father ef the revolution in Guinea- Bissau-who fell victim to international reaction and whose shining example provides an inspiration for all those who are still oppressed. We are very happy that this struggle has been bro..ght to a successful end by his brother, President Luis Cab!al. 156. Today, when we are admitting three new Members to the United Nations--the People's Republic of Bangladesh, the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and Grenada-is a solemn day. The entry of these 166. Finally, let me express our satisfaction at the admission of Grenada to the United Nations. The proclamation of the independence of Grenada and its entry into our ranks constitute one more step leading to the final elimination of foreign domination and its most reactionary form-colonialismand further strengthen the role and contribution of the great Caribbean region to the Orgautzation and to international relations in general 167. The admission of Bangladesh, Guinea-Bissau and Grenada constitutes a new, major and almost fmal step of the Organization in the direction of full universality. The fact that all countries, all new States, wish to enter the United Nations proves the vitality of the Organization as an irreplace~bleforum and place where everyone can assert his identity, make his contribution and become a part of this great community of nations. 168. I wish to say also how gratified we are that two of the new Members admitted today are distinguished and active non-aligned ·countries. This will contribute even further to the strength ana prestige of the non-aligned movement in the United Nations. The non-aligned countries, as well as the United Nations as a whole, are faced at this session of the General Assembly and in general with extremely responsible and difficult tasks, and the admission of three new Members constitutes· a major contribution to our joint strength for exerting successful efforts for the achievement of new and required solutions.

Mr. President, at this stage, and before Canada makes its statement in the course of the general debate, I wish to congratulate you, on behalf of the Canadian delegation, upon·your accession to the post of Pres- 171. For many years the peoples of Bangladesh and Canada have been involved in forms of cooperation in the economAc, social, cultural and humanitarian fields. The ties between our two countries are varied and our relations are friendly. It is thus with confidence that we look forward to the participation of this new State in the many activities of the United Nations. Let me say in passing that the Government of Canada has followed with the closest attention and understanding the progress that has been made 'towards the normalization of relations among the States of the subcontinent, progress which has had as one of its happy consequences the support of all the parties concerned for the admission of Bangladesh to membership. 172. Grenada, too, is a country with which Canada has had many contacts over the years and with which it is ca.rrying out a number of programmes of cooperation for development. Grenada is one of our Caribbean neighbours and we will welcome its presence in this world body. It is perhaps timely for us to mention our pleasure at the growing number of Commonwealth countries that have reached independence and joined the ranks of the United Nations in a steady flow since the admission of Ghana in 1957. 173. My delegation has also sponsored the draft resolution proposing the admission of Guinea-Bissau. The prospect of that country's membership in the United Nations is one which we greet with enthusiasm. Guinea-Bissau is a country with which we have had little contact in the past, but we look forward to close co-operation with its Government and with its delegation here in the years ahead. Guinea- Bissau's independence and membership in the Organization have raised the curtain on a new scene for southern Africa, one which holds great promise. 174. We have noted the progress being made by the Government of Portugal, working in co-operation with the liberation movements <.'f the remaining Portuguese African territories, and we look forward to developments which will result in the further growth of our membership.. 175. The welcome extended to the three new Members carries with it a deep sense of gratification and the conviction that the General Assembly's decision will serve to strengthen the world Organization. This act also marks very significant progress towards that universality of membership to which you, Mr. President, referred so eloquently today and to which many of us have for so long attached importance. 185. Greeting in our midst the three newly admitted Member States, we trust that their active involvement in the work ofthe United Nations will strengthen the Organization and the foundations upon which it is based. Indeed, the unanimous admission of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Guinea-Bissau and Grenada is yet another step in the implementation of the principle of universality, and one to which Poland has consistently attached undiminished political importance. It is at the same time evidence of the successful materialization of the principle of self-determination of peoples and nations, achieved at the cost of frequent sacrifices in their relentless . political and armed struggle. 186. We therefore rejoice today that the just aspi·· rations of the people of Bangladesh have finally come to a successful fulfilment. We rest assured that the admission of Bangladesh to the United Nations will serve well the cause of peace and friendly co-operation of all States of the South Asian subcontinent. 187. We congratulate the people of Guinea-Bh;sau on having achieved the goal of independence for which its great son and outstanding leader of the national liberation struggle, Amilcar Cabral-our guest during the twenty-seventh session-gave his young life. 188. We are happy that progress in the implementation of the right to self-determination of peoples is an outcome of the concerted efforts of the world community, and it confirms that, given goodwill and political realism, it is possible to eliminate conflicts, tensions and prejudice. In this spirit, the delegation of Poland wishes Bangladesh, Guinea-Bissau and Grenada ever fuller utilization of the advantages of their newly won independence for the benefit of their own peoples and that of international cooperation. In pursuing these goals our new Members can always count on the friendiy and constructive co-operation of the Polish People's Republic. 189. Mr. de GUIRINGAUD (France) (interpretation from French): Mr. President, may I first of all congratulate you on your assumption of the presidency of the twenty-ninth session of the General Assembly and express the particular pleasure I feel personally in seeing you sitting at thns distinguished rostrum, to which I have no doubt you will bring additional lustre. My Minister, yourcolleague Mr. Sauvagnargues, in a fe\ ~ays will express his own feelings to you, as well as those my Government and all your French friends feel in seeing you occupy the high office which the Assembly has just unanimously conferred upon you. ~epublic of Algeria and of the whole of Africa, which IS bravely marching towards its full liberation from the colonial yoke. In the spirit of all its accomplishments so far, the Polish delegation wishes to offer 196. Today, the French delegation is happy to welcome, on behalf of the European Economic Community, the Republic of Guinea-Bissau in the presence of the representatives of the entire international community. We rejoice to see among us at the United Nations a new State from the African continent, which is already so broadly and so positively represented here. We are convinced that its leaders, loyal to the spirit of generosity that has always been the hallmark of Africa, will contribute usefully to the labours of the Organization. Finally, we express the hope that the Republic of Guinea- Bissau will maintain with Europe, from which it is not so distant geographically, the same relationships of friendship, trust and co-operation that exist with other countries of Africa. 197. May I be permitted, in concluding, to say that the entry into the United Nations of Guinea- Bissau, the first country of Africa to which the Portu- 'guese Government has returned control of its destiny, gives us grounds for viewing the future with confidence. The agreements recently signed at Lusaka and the decisions that have followed them have demonstrated a political will to which we pay a tribute and which convinces us that the process now undertaken will run its full course to the greater benefit of Africa and of Europe, eager as they both are to work together for peace. 198. Mr. RICHARD (United Kingdom): Mr. President, my Foreign Secretary will, I know, wish to congratulate you personally on your election as President of this Assembly session when he speaks in the course of the general debate next week. I should like to anticipate him, however, by offering my own personal congratulations to you on the assumption of this important office. The prominent part that was played by your country, and by you yourself, Mr. President, in bringing us together in this spring's historic special session gives us every hope that the twenty-ninth session will indeed be a successful one. 199. Once again we have met at the outset of a new session of the General Assembly to admit new Members, this time three in number, to the United Natious, and it gives my country very great pleasure indeed to be a sponsor of their admission. Britain has had close historical ties with two of these nations, the People's Republic of Bangladesh and Grenada. It gives me, therefore, special pleasure to welcome Bangladesh and Grenada to me'mbership 193. In pursuing the realization of the goal of universality of the Organization, to which we are all attached, we likewise today welcome Grenada. This State attained independence at the beginning of this year, at the conclusion of an evolution conducted with realism and clear-sightedness by one of the members of the European Economic Community on behalf of which I am speaking today. Thus, I shall limit myself to emphasizing how the other eight States members are pleased, together with the United Kingd9m, to see here the representatives of this hospitable land whose destiny has now been taken over by its own population. 194. At the meeting held on 12 August last, the Security Council unanimously recommended that the General Assembly admit the Republic of Guinea- Bissau to memberstiip [A/9712]. The European Economic Community followed with particular attention and interest the course of events that culminated at that historic meeting. On 9 June, the nine countries of the Community had issued a communique in which they had e~pressed their pleasure at the democratic developments in Portugal and at the policy designed to bring to an end the protracted armed conflict in Africa. They had declared their confidence in the results of the negotiations between the parties concerned aimed at the exercise of self-determination with all its consequences, and had indicated that they were prepared to support that action. As the talks proceeded, a second joint communique announced, on 12 August, the 'positive results that 203. Mr. Swaran SINGH (India): Mr. President, first of all let me offer you our warmest felicitations on your election to the high office of President of the twenty-ninth session of the General Assembly, This is not only a recognition of your outstanding contributions in the field of international relations but also a tribute to the great and dynamic country that you represent. I have had the privilege of knowing 205. ,The General Assembly has taken a historic decision today in admitting the People's -Republic of Bangladesh, the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and Grenada. We are happy to welcome them and we offer them our warmest congratulations. Their admission wilt contribute further to the universality of the Organization-an objective to which India has always lent its support. Each of these three countries has passed through a different historical process in attaining its independence and gaining recognition by the international community. It is only fitting that the three Members should be admitted to the Organization on the first day of this General Assembly session. This will enable them fo participate in the proceedings of the current session, especially in matters of great concern to them, and we look forward to their contribution. . 206. It is a source of particular satisfaction to my Government that our close neighbour, the People's Republic of Bangladesh, has joined our ranks. Bangladesh is now recognized by over 120 countries and it has already taken its rightful place in a large number of international forums, where its delegation has been playing a most useful role. 207. Bangladesh was warmly welcomed at the Fourth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries held at Algiers last year. At that Conference the membership of Bangladesh in the United Nation!: found widespread support, Bangladesh is the eighth most populous nation in the world and enjoys a democratic government, freely elected by its people on the basis of universal suffrage. Bangladesh is fortunate in having a great leader and Prime Minister in Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who enjoys immense support and prestige within his country and abroad. Under his inspiring leadership the people of Bangladesh bravely faced unprecedented trials and tribulations and suffered untold hardship before finally liberating themselves. The entry of Bangladesh into the United Nations is an occasion of great pride for its people, and we who are their friends salute them and remember also those who fell in the struggle for national liberation. 208. Bangladesh is fully committed to the cause of global peace and co-operation. The magnanimity and statesmanship of Bangladesh were largely responsible for the conclusion of the Delhi agreement and the tripartite agreement between India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Those agreements provide the. basis for the normalization of conditions and the establishment of ~ durable peace in our subcontinent. 219. There is another, connected principle which complements that of the universality of the Organization and is applicable here, and that is the right to self-determination, independence, self-rule, human dignity and the unimpeded determination of its own national destiny which each people should enjoy. All systems of colonialism, racism, apartheid and alien minority rule tend to undermine these basic principles. Rather, such systems are based on inequality, oppression, suspic.ion, fear, hatred and, most deplorable of all, on the unconscionable exploitation of others in our world. 214. The People's Republic of Bangladesh is making a precious contribution to the stabilization of the political situation in southern Asia and to the continuation ofthe prvcess ofdetente on the Asian continent. 215. The admission of Guinea-Bissau to the \"ited Nations is the culmination of a long struggle against colonial oppression and exploitation waged under the direction of the PAIGC at the cost of enormous sacrifice, and is yet another step forward on the path towards the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples. All progressive and peace-loving forces in the world are encouraged thereby to continue with even greater determination their struggle .for the elimination of all forms of imperialist oppression. In this regard, 220. What we seek instead, what our world must have if the noble enterprise of building a sane and prosperous, peaceful and secure life for all mankind is ever to be achieved, is co-operation, trust, equality, an attitude of give and take, and the ability to see with ever greater clarity that we are all a part of the family of man, irreversibly interlocked by our common existence on this planet, and linked by our dependence on its resources. 221. It is therefore in this spirit and with genuine conviction and profound joy that, on behalf of the Government and the delegation of Liberia, I extend a hearty welcome to the three new Member States which have now been admitted to membership in the United Nations. To the people of Bangladesh, who have faced with courage and determination the 225. Mr. BENNETT '(United States of America): 232. We should also like to express our profound Mr. President, permit me at this time to offer my admiration for and our deep gratitude to Mr. Leopoldo sincere congratulations and those of the United Benites, the outgoing President, for having skilfully States to you as you assume the presidency of the and competently guided the work of the twentytwenty-ninth session of the General Assembly. eighth session. Under the able presidency of that eminent son of Latin America, the General Assembly 226. As representative of the host country, I now adopted resolutions of broad pc.~;~ical,50cial and have the great honour of welcoming three new Memeconomic scope which, with the consent of peoples bers to this parliament of the world. Although Bangand Governments, can lay th~ foundations of peace ladesh, Grenada and Guinea-Bissau are located in and co-operation in the international community. three very different regions of this planet, they jointly share a desire, and have done so most convincingly, 233. Now, on behalf of my delegation, I should to participate in the Organization. Nothing could like to welcome the States of Bangladesh, Grenada symbolize more dramatically the universality of and Guinea-Bissau, which have just attained their man's aspirations, for which the United Nations independence. It is with great pleasure that the Haitian stands. delegation welcomes them as St~.;~s Members of the United Nations. I am pleased to congratulate them warmly on behalf of my Government and to express to them our best wishes for success in their ell:terprises and in their future work in the Organiza- 227. The United States recognized the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on 4 April 1972. Formal diplomatic relations were estab-

Mr. President, in due course the head of the delegation of the Soviet Union in his statement in the general debate will congratulate you on your election to the post of President of the General Assembly. Today ! should like to express my sincere satisfaction at the fact that you have been elected to this important international post by a unanimous decision of the General Assembly. May I sincerely wish for you as you occupy this important post that the twenty-ninth session of the General Assembly may go down in the history ofthe United Nations as the Assembly for the strengthening of peace, security, disarmament, development and decolonization. 240. The application of the People's Republic of Bangladesh for membership In the United Nations was fully substantiated from the time it was sent to the Organization more than two years ago. For reasons known to all of us, the question was not resolved positively at that time. But, as was pointed out at that time by the Soviet delegation, the victory must be and, of course, will be on the side of the people of Bangladesh. Today we share the happiness of the Republic of Bangladesh, on the occasion of its admission to membership in the United Nations. Our conviction has been confirmed by the unanimous decision taken today by the General Assembly to admit this YOUQg Asian State. The Soviet Union is proud of the fact that from the very first day it was on the side of those who were in favour of the acceptance of the People's Republic of Bangladesh to membership in the United Nations. 235. May I likewise pay due tribute to your predecessor, Mr. Benites, the President of the twentyeighth session, which achieved great results under his expert leadership. 236. The twenty-ninth session has begun its work . with the admission of new States to membership in the United Nations; thereby, a further important step has been made towards genuine universality in the United Nations. As is known, the Security Council unanimously recommended that the General Assembly at its twenty-ninth session accept into the United Nations community three new young States: the People's Republi-; of Bangladesh, the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and Grenada. In this connexion, the delegation of the Soviet Union expresses great: satisfaction. We already had an opportunity of welcoming those three States when the question of recommending their membership was considered in the Security Council. Today we .are particularly pleased again to congratulate them on the unanimous approval of that recommendation by the General Assembly. All of them have gone through the complex and difficult course of struggle for their liberation and independence, and this event is bound to produce satisfaction among all the peace-loving forces of the world. 241. During the short period of its independent existence, the People's Republic of Bangladesh has justly acquired considerable authority and recognition in international affairs. From the first days of the proclamation of the independence of that country, its Government and people have exerted tremendous efforts to put an end to tension and to normalize the situation in southern Asia. Favourable transformations in the world situation and the relaxation of international tensions, which is in accordance with the vital interests of the peoples of all countries, have made a favourable impression upon thf' relations between the States of that region as well. 1 ,inks to the joint collective efforts of the leaders of ~dia, Bangladesh and Pakistan. considerable successes have been achieved on the way towards ensuring a stable peace and tranquillity in that important part of the world. It is precisely those purposes that are being served, in our' opinion, by the agreements signed by the countries concerned in Samla and Delhi. As was stated recently by the Foreign Minister of India, Mr. Singh, loyalty to the principle of the speedy implementation of the Simla agreement of 3 J,'! j 1972 is the only way to normalize relations between the States of the subcontinent and to establish a lasting peace in the region. The Soviet Union is sincerely interested in those countries resolving the problems existing between them in a spirit of friendship, mutual understanding and peace. 237. The founder of the Soviet State, the grea~ Lenin, constantly emphasized the bond between the struggle of the workers of the country of the Soviets and the successful development ofthe national liberation movements of enslaved peoples. He wrote: "The revolutionary movement of the peoples of the East can be resoived only through direct contact with the revolutionary struggle of our Soviet Republic against international imperialism." 238. The principles of the policy of the Soviet State, as formulated by Lenin in relation to the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, include full equality of rights and respect for the soverei~ty of States, the development with them of friendly reiations, the early provision of all-round assistance to formerly backward countries in their struggle for their political and economic liberation fro~ oppression by colonial Powers. 242. The Soviet Union is building its relations with the People's Republic of Bangladesh upon the pririciple of total equality, mutual respect, sovereignty and independence, without any interference whatsoever in the internal affairs of each other. The Soviet people have great sympathy and respect for the people of Bangladesh and for the policy of nonalignment and co-operation which is practised by the 247. In a,congratulatory telegram to the General Secretary of the PAIGC, Aristides Pereira, in connexion with the proclamation of the independence of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mr. Brezhnev, stated: "The success of the national liberation movement, inspired by your Party, in an important contribution to the struggle of the African peoples and all anti-imperialist forces for the national liberation of oppressed peoples, for peace and social progress... 248. After the proclamation of the independence of Guinea-Bissau, the Soviet Union was one of the first to recognize that sovereign State as a newly independent State and to establish. diplomatic relations with it. Beal~ng in mind the relations of friend,. ship and comprehensive co-operation that are being developed between the Soviet Union and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, the Soviet Union has actively supported in the Security Council,' as well as in the General Assembly; the application by the Government of the Republicaf Guinea-Bissau for admission as a Member of the Organization. It is difficult to over-emphasize the significance of the achievements of the people of Guinea-Bissau in their struggle for nationalliberation.2od freedom. 249. In their message to the Chairman of the eleventh session of the Assembly of Heads of State~nd Government af the OAU, the President of thePre,. sidium of the Supreme Sovic' ./i the USSR, ,Mr.· Podgorny, and the Chairman of the Council.of Ministers of the Soviet Union, Mr. Kosygin, stated that the 253. In welcoming three new States to membership in the United Nations, the Soviet delegation wishes to say that the Soviet Union has supported and will in future support ail peoples that are waging struggles for freedom and national independence.

Mr. President, al10w me to extend to you on behalf of my delegation and on my own behalf our hearty congratulations on your unanimous election as President of the twentyninth session of the General Assembly. 255. It gives my delegation immense pleasure to welcome heartily one of our sister nations, Bangladesh, into this world body. In view of the most cordial and friendly relations existing between Nepal and Bangladesh, we have been fervently 100king forward to this momentous occasion. 256. We are also happy to welcome the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, whose entry into the United Nations brings us much doser to the eventual elimination of colonialism from the world. This accelerated process of decolonization is a great victory for all peoples struggling against colonialism and imperialism in ail their forms and manifestations. Il has once more proved the invincibility of the peoples fighting against injustice and colonialism. We hope to welcome the independent nations of Mozambique, Angola and Namibia to the United Nations and thus mark the elimination of oppressive régimes from the African continent. 258. The addition of these three new Members will, we believe, go a long way towards making the universality of the United Nations a reality and will make the Organization effective in solving the problems facing the world today. We should like to assure the new Members of our full co-operation.

Mr. President, may 1 first of ail express the satisfaction of our delegation on your unanimous election to the presidency of the twenty-ninth session of the General Assembly. Your election is a recognition of the role played by the People's Democratic Republic ofAigeria in the international arena in defence of the rights of peoples to their full independence and in defence of international peace and security. In your election we also see a personal recognition extended to you, who have been able to guide brilliantly Algerian foreign policy, and who have played and continue to play a very important l'ole in the movement of the nonaligned countries, and partieularly that of progressive forces in the third wo.r1d whieh, with Algeria and with you, have attained the dearest expression of their commitment to independence. 260. Now, on behalf of my delegation, 1 should like to congratulate the three new Members of the United Nations, the People's Republic of Bangladesh, the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and Grenada -three States from three regions in the world which symbolize the struggle of peoples for their independence in the face of colonialism, three regions where the historie process of colonial oppression has developed concurrently with the hard struggle of peoples to defeat that process. They come today to the Organization as a proof that peoples subject to a foreign yoke will always and everywhere attain undisputed victory. 261. Today we rejoice at the admission of the People's Republic of Bangladesh because we were one of the first States to recognize that State and to support the right of its people to claim their national independence, to conquer their full rights, rights which as the Assembly knows it attained through a difficult and painful process. 262. We also rejoice in welcoming the delegation of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, a people with which we have maintained the closest relations of brotherhood since the time when the Republic of Guinea-Bissau was occupied and oppressed by foreign colonialism. Through its glorious party, the PAIGC, we have given the people of Guinea-Bissau ail the political, moral and material support that it was within our means to offer throughout its long and arduous struggle for independence. That is why we consider the admission of Guinea-Bissau to the Organization and the full recognition of its national independence and sovereignty as also a victory for our own people, as a source of pride and satisfaction for us. 263. We should also like to express our satisfaction at the admission of Grenada, our neighbour island in the Caribbean, and we express our confi- J , 270. However, we are not dealing with a one-sided benefit, as may seem to be the case at first glance. Actually, since the United Nations is an Organization with a universal vocation and many ofits attitudes are based on this characteristic, it can be considered that the entrance of new States is an indispensable factor for the maintenance of the true identity of the Organization; otherwise there would result a divorce between an apparent structure of the United Nations and the substratum serving as its base, which would only contribute to its isolation and would eventually lead ta its destruction. 271. The admission of Guinea-Bissau represents an event which cannot be regarded with indifference by either the United Nations or the States which are integrated within il. Portugal is, however, the country living this moment most intensely, a moment which is also part of its own history. 272. The road which led Guinea-Bissau to independence was not exempt from trials and suffering for its people and the Portuguese people; but this is not the moment ta rewrite history or to build constructions which present the unfolding of events from angles of national pride, which is shared by ail peoples. 273. We remember ail those who have died in combat and those who have humbly given themselves to the lands of Guinea-Bissau in the building of a more dignified and happier life for their people. 274. The Armed Forces Movement of 25 April. identified with the Portuguese people, created firm bases for the establishment through free elections of a multi-party democracy in Portugal, of which the President of the Republic is the supreme guarantor to the people. This movement of freedom allowed the hastening of the end of a hopeless war in the lands of Guinea-Bissau. 275. Thus, the Accord for peace and progress which was signed in Algiers between the PAIGC and the Portuguese Government and the consequent recognition of the independence of Guinea-Bissau by the President of the Republic of Portugal-who 278. We hope soon to extend, in a spirit of real community, that same co-operation to the new States of the Portuguese heritage, in response to a creative challenge which the world casts to us at this turningpoint in our history.

1 call now upon the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Mr. Kamal Hossain, to address the Assembly.

1 should like to share with ail those assembled here our sense of profound satisfaction as 75 million people of Bangladesh are taking their rightful place by your side. On this historic occasion the people of Bangladesh reaffirm the pledge embodied in their Constitution to uphold the principles of the United Nations Charter. ]ndeed, the people of Bangladesh have been in the fold of the United Nations ever since the inception of the Organization. Today, however, Bangladesh enters the United Nations on the basis of its recognition as a distinct nation. This marks the fulfilment of the aspiration to take our place in the Organization as a sovereign, independent State, vindicating the right of self-determination for which millions of our people laid down their lives in a struggle for national liberation. We must acknowledge with gratitude that even before our formai admission, the United Nations extended valuable assistance in meeting the gigantic task of rehabilitation and reconstruction with which we were faced upon independence, and more recently in meeting the emergency caused by the devastating floods in Bangladesh. 281. ]t adds to our satisfaction, Mr. President, that you have been elected to preside over the twentyninth session of the General Assembly, for you symbolize the forces of freedom as a true representative 284. The history of Bangladesh has been one of relentless striving for freedom and justice. The struggle for Bangladesh in microcosm represents the struggle of the emerging world-the struggle of people for whom national independence holds the promise of making good lost opportunities of the past, of harnessing their unrealized potential to build a better future for themselves and of transforming a society which has in the past suffered as much from the ravages of nature as from those of man. 285. Bangladesh has consistently pursued an independent non-aligned foreign policy, promoting friendship with ail countries of the world on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity and non-interference in the internai affairs of other States. We have obtained nearly universal recognition and steadily developed friendly relations with ail countries of the world. 286. We are keenly conscious that we are entering the Organization at a time when the momentous events which have occurred during recent years have opened up great possibilities: the possibility of securing a just peace in Western Asia, of opening a new chapter of good-neighbourly relations in the South Asian subcontinent, of a significant and conclusive acceleration of the process of decolonization and of laying the foundations of a just international economic order. It is our hope that ail of us will respond to these challenges with wisdom and vision, so that these possibilities may be fully real· ized for the benefit of ail our peoples. 287. On this historic occasion we reiterate our total commitment to peace, not only in our subcontinent but in our region and in the world. Bangladesh reaffirms its pledge to uphold the principles and ideals of the Charter of the United Nations and to work with the Members of the United Nations to· wards the establishment of an international order based on peace and justice in which the deepest aspirations of mankind may be progressively fulfilled.

1 cali now on the Prime Minister of Grenada, Mr. Eric M. Gairy, to address the General Assembly. "We express our respect for the rule of law; and since moral conduet constitutes the noblest flowering of our culture and our plural heritage, regard it as the dutY of every man always to hold it in high respect; "We reiterate that the ideal of [ree men enjoying freedom from fear and want can be best achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his economic, social and politiea!, civil and cultural rights." 291. We desire that our Constitution should reflect the above-mentioned principles and beliefs, which represent those high ideals upon which our nation is founded, and make provision for ensuring the protection in Grenada of fundamental rights and privileges. 292. The General Assembly's twenty-ninth session is in many ways its most significant and somewhat critical one. As we move swiftly-all too swiftlytowards the end of the twentieth century, no area in the world, indeed no nation, is entirely free of disease, hunger, poverty, iIIiteraey. Nor is anyone endowed with the full blessings of peaee for which we strive.This poses a chal1enging situation for aIl -the large and the smaIl, the great and the humble. Yes, it is al80 a challenge to the new and developing nations so full of hope from this day on. And 1 wish 297. May 1 put on record here today that Grenada if firmly committed to the concept of the rule of law -a concept in which we have been schooled and a concept we irrevocably accept and endorse. 298. My address here today is not intended to be our definitive statement on foreign poliey. This will be fully expounded at a later time. 299. As the e1ected leader of our nation, 1 assure you that Grenada stands today as a free nation, a nation committed to the cause of world peace. Within the General Assembly, as in the other organs in which we shall serve, we shan co-operate to the fullest extent ta achieve a reduction of international tensions and an improvement and promotion of the climate of understanding among nations and peopies. Members of the United Nations thus equally committed to the cause of world peace can readily rely on Grenada's support in exercises aimed at achieving the goal of ail mankind: the elimination of the negative and counter-productive forces of friction and the achievement of a world order based on the principles of human dignity. 300. 1 feel so strongly, so totally committed to the cause of world peace that whenever and wherever the opportunity presents itself, l would, if asked, unhesitatingly join in any efforts at mediation tending towards a peaceful settlement of international dis-' putes. 301. Our poHcy commitment to the cause of universaI peace, in the context of the present disposition of international politics , is firmly rooted in the principle of respect for the territorial integrity of 302. Disturbances, wars and political pressures do certainly transcend ail boundaries, whether religious, ideological, political or otherwise. Naturally and consequently, even the smallest territories are immediately, directly or indirectJy, affected by any form of tension. 303. Over the past 29 years of the existence of the United Nations, we have followed with unswerving tenacity the activities of the Organization and its unflinching determination to bring freedom to peoples in every corner of the globe; and it was in this very respect that 1 was afforded the privilege on two occasions in the past year to address the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples on matters relating to human justice and to freeing Grenada and its people from colonial rule. In turn, we today pledge ourselves, without any reservation whatever, to join ail nations within the ambit of the United Nations, and even those outside, in continuing the relentless fight for the emancipation and freedom of all peoples of the world -a world in which most are people of colour, my black brothers and sisters in various parts of the hemispheres. 304. We ourselves, in our struggle to attain the status of national independence, which is the prerequisite of our being here, have experienced the not uncommon birth pains that precede the transition from colonial status to full freedom and independence. And now that we are accepted as a full-fledged Member of this noble body, this fact must essentially provide aIl sane, loyal and patriotic citizens and ail friends of Grenada with a very deep sense of satisfaction. And in this context 1 sense the spirit of every Grenadian citizen and friend harmonizing with me at this very moment in giving praise to the great Gad, the Supreme Architect of the universe, the Universal Power, the great source of ail existence, the centre of aU creation-God, holding and binding aU things together. And so we say in unison: "0 praise the Lord, ail ye nations: praise him, ail ye people. For His merciful kindness is great toward us: and the truth of the Lord endureth for ever. Praise ye the Lord." (Psalm Il7) 305. Today we would like to place on record our homage to the original authors of the United Nations Declaration on decolonization of 14 Deeember 1960 [reso1ution 1514 (XV)], and in particular to the African group of States, who ehampioned this principle in this very chamber almost 14 years ago. In our struggles we were indeed heartened, encouraged and inspired by the clear and unequivocal message contained in that Declaration. 306. Grenada pledges its unswerving support for the principle of decolonization. Like other nations which have had to struggle against great odds to achieve independence, we know that there can be, and there must be, no compromise in the matter of freedom. 312. We in Grenada have also given profound thought to the so-called population explosion, and we believe that the real solution consists in greater efforts to achieve maximum production from our arable lands and a more equitable distribution of our products. 313. When we consider the perfection of God, it is diffieult, extremely difficult for us, to conceive that God has created and is creating more people than those for whom He has made provision. Il is again in this context that Grenada welcomes this opportunity to be able to make a contribution at sorne later date towards the solution of this problem in a manner that is efficacious and lasting. 314. The Grenada that you have admitted to membership in the United Nations today is a land of beauty, of hope, of peace and of stability. Il is a land of good beaches, with perhaps one of the best beaches in the world. Il was the Prince of Wales in the 1920s who proclaimed the world famous Grand Anse beach in Grenada as the best in the world, and l hesitate to challenge the validity of that statement. 315. Since the destinies of ail our nations here represented are interrelated and interdependent 326. Mr. Secretary-General, in the exercise of the mandate with which you have been entrusted, despite your crowded schedule, not to mention the urgent problems of the hour such as the situations in the Middle East, Viet Nam and elsewhere, you have spared no sacrifice and no effort to deal personally with the problems of the Portuguese colonies. Your special attitude towards our country and towards our people in its national liberation struggle has moved us profoundly and will be inscribed in the annals of the history of the people of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Future generations will long remember your untiring efforts to secure international peace and security, co-operation and social progress. Your personal efforts have given new momentum to the Organization and have been a landmark in international relations. May we once again express to you our deep gratitude for your efforts and extend our best wishes to you in the exercise of your difficult mission at the service of peace, social progress and the happiness of mankind. 327. At this memorable moment when we are about to assume our rights and obligations in the Organization, members will understand the joy and emotion we fee!. Therefore, may we be permitted to extend to the people you represent here our warm greetings and our gratitude for the support always accorded our people in its just struggle for national independence. 328. During the 12 years of our armed struggle for liberation, we were able to appreciate fully the various actions of your peoples and Governments designed to find a successful solution to our conflict with the Portuguese Government. The Special Comrnittee on decolonization, which has made untiring efforts in these last few years, contributed greatly to the search for a just solution to the painful conflict which pitted our people against the Fascist and colonialist State of Portugal. We still remember the important and historic Special Mission of the Special Committee to our country at the most difficult moment of our national Iiberation struggle and despite the danger and risk to the lives of those pilgrims of peace. The report submitted by that Mission2 and adopted by the General Assembly was in itself a striking victory, not only for the United Nations but also for our people and for Africa as a whole. That Mission of the Committee to our country unquestionably marked a new era in the struggle of oppressed peoples. 329. As we take our tirst steps in this great international community, we are in duty bound to recall the outstanding role played by our African brothers, who have spared no effort in their steadfast defence of the supreme interests of our people, which aspired only to freedom, peace, social progress and the exercise of its sovereignty. Mr. President, you who have been and remain forever the untiring combatant for the Iiberation of the African man deserve our deep tribute at this decisive moment in the history of our people. Thanks to those various actions, a definitive solution was reached with the signature of the AIgiers 331. From this rostrum we reaffirm to the present leaders of Portugal our tirm desire to find a satisfactory solution to the problem of the Cape Verde Islands as a sine qua non for the creation of a solid basis for fruitful and fraternal co-operation between our two peoples and Governments. 332. While we feel particular joy in joining today the great United Nations family, it is none the less true that the thought of the efforts we still have to make to achieve the total Iiberation of our peoples, particularly the people of the Cape Verde Islands, is a sobering one. Our thoughts are also with our comrades-in-arms who continue ta struggle for national Iiberation in Angola and Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe and in ail other countries under foreign domination. We hope that, thanks ta our resolute action and to the assistance of the international community, this tragedy we are living through now will soon be only a distant memory. 333. To the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Republic of Grenada, just admitted along with us, we should like to say that we rejoice at their success, and we extend to their peoples our best wishes for progress and happiness. 334. In concluding my brief statement, 1 should Iike once again to pay a tribute to the African countries, particularly to our neighbours, for the full support they have always accorded us. Ta the socialist countries, whose contribution was decisive for our victory, we express our entire gratitude. To the other countries of Western Europe, particularly the Scandinavian countries, whose humanitarian assistance has played a very important role in the reconstruction of our Iiberated areas; we pay our deepest tribute. May we also thank the peoples of Asia and America whose various actions also contributed to the success of our struggle. 335. Today a new phase begins in the Iife of our people: that of national reconstruction. As we emerge from many centuries of domination and from 12 years of war, you will weil understand the difficulties that we face in building our country. Since we aspire NOTES I See A/91%/Add.l. p. 7. 2 See OjJidal Records of the Ge"eral Assembly. TlI'etltyse\'etlth Sessio". S/lpplelllellt No. 23. chap. X. annex I.