A/PV.312 General Assembly

The Second Committee, which is dealing with the question of the economic development of under-developed cmmtries, will be holding a meeting tonight. That Committee's report appears as the second item on our agenda. In order to save our colleagues on the Second Committee the trouble of having to wait here until the second item is discussed,· we could, if you agree, proceed to the second item and then return to the first. If, however, the Assembly should decide to hold a discussion on the second item, my request would lose its point and we should continue the consideration of the: first item. . 2. If there are no objections, I shall take it that the Assembly agrees with my suggestion. It was so decided. Economic development of under-developed countries: report of the Second Committee (A/I524) [Agenda item 28] .

Before calling 9n the Rapporteur, r shall ask the Assembly to indicate whether it wishes to discuss the Second Committee's report. It Was decided flot to disctlSs the report. Mr. Vi/fan (Yugoslavia), Rapporteur, presented the report of the Second Committee and the accompanying draft resolutions (Aj1524). 4. Mr. VILFAN (YugJoslavia), Rapporteur of the Second Committee: I shouid like to stress the fact th"t all the draft resolutions were approved unanitnously by the Second Co:ntnittee. 5. The PRESIDENT (translated from French): I shall put to the vote, in turn" the draft resolutions 487 .. '! • 4 '" I •• A/PV.312 A, B, Cl D, E and F contained in the Second Com- mittee's report. The draft resolutions were adopted unanimously. Development of a twenty-year p~ogranune for achieving peace through the United Nations: memoranduJb. of the Secretary.General (A/ISM) (concluded) . [Agenda item 60] 6. Mr. SIROKY (Czechoslovakia) (translated from Russian): The People's Democratic Republic of Czech- oslovakia, whose policy is based on 'Work, peace, a.nd the friendly and peaceful co..existeli\Ce of nations, welcomes every honest pian which may result in a step forward. in the effort to preserve and strengthen peace. It welcomes every peaceful plan designed to provide effective and concrete measures to guarantee the security of the nations. . 7. In the consideration, therefore, of the twenty-year programme by the General Assembly, the Czechoslovak delegation is· guided by a strong desire to contribute towards the successful solution of the basic problems of the struggle against aggression and war and on behalf of peace. My 'delegaiion, it is true, takes a" critical attitude towards the various points of the plan which has been submit~,ed, and also towards its gen- eral conception; for the so-called programme for achieving peace through the United Nations is an idea of the Anglo-Atnerican bloc, which is attempting to convert the United Nations into an effective instru- ment of its policy. 8. It was no accident that during the discussion of the Secretary-General's programme,. the representa- tive of the United States said [310th meeting] that the three resolutions already adopted at this session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on peac~? We are profoundly convinced that they are intended to serve a number of ends. 10. In the first place. they are intended to sUPIXlrt the foreign policy of the prime mover in the Anglo- American bloc, the United States, which has replaced the principle of d6110cratic collaboration by acts of interventionist aggression and an attempt to secure mastery of the world. 11. Secondly, they are intended to thwart the basic interests of the dependent, colonial and semi-colonial peoples and their liberation movement, and to supoort the expansionist interests of the capitalistic monopoiies. 12. Thirdly, they are intended to legalize the present policy of interference by the colonial Powers in the domestic affairs of other States; 13. Fourthly, in connexion with the struggle against the ideological, political, strategical and material prep- aration for a new war. they are intended to sanction the present and future policy of the immgators of a new war, for they do not settle such prt:)blems as the prohibition of the atomic weapon, rea:rmament and disarmament or war propaganda. 14. Fifthly, they are intended to diminish the impor- tance and undermine the authority of the Security Council, the chief organ of the United Nations for the preservation of peace and security among the nations. 15. Sixthly, they are intended to violate the basic principles of the United Nations Charter. 16. The first resolution mentioned by the representa- tive of the United States contains a violation of the principles of the Charter unparalleled in United Na- tions history, and one which affects the competence of the Security Council; the resolution is, indeed, a genuine in.strument of the interventionist policy of u of the Anglo-American bloc. The second resolutio~l places the aggressor and the victim of aggression on the same level, and is a further link in the chain of documents directed against the Security Council. And the third resolution virtually buries the question of dis- armament and the reduction of armed forces, as well as the question of the prohibition of the atomic weapon, and at the same time establishes a further legal basis for armed intervention in the domestic affairs of States. 17. The author of the memoratldum himself empha- sizes that his programme is only a general outline of preliminary projects, and requires to be made more definite. Thus it is clear that this proposal cart serve as a basis for the preparation of a document express- ing an effective peace policy only if the General As- sembly is able to work out specific directives and estab- lish specific principles for further work. with. it is obvious that the General Ass~mbly must first establish the political principles on the basis of which they can be effectively settled. 19. For these reasons the Czechoslovak delegation cannot agree with the nine-Power draft resolution [A/1514]. We shall not vote for that draft resolution, for in our opinion the present international situation requires a very definite and concrete formulation of all measures for strengthening peace and security among the nations. 20. Great value must therefore !Je placed upon the inidative of th~ USSR delegation, which. basing its action on its consistently peaceful policy and its con- sistently constructive attitt:le in the United Nations, has submitted for the consideration of the General As- sembly a draft resolution [A/1525 and Carr.l] which makes it possible to give practical consideration to the so-called twenty-year programme. 21. In the opinion of the Czechoslovak delegation, the Soviet Union draft resolution contains definite principles on the basis of which it would be possible to prepare a document that would be an effective in- strument for seeking peace and ensuring peaceful c0- operation among the nations. 22. The United States criticism that the USSR draft resolution reproduces old peace proposals advanced by the Soviet Union and already rejected by the General Assembly does not hold water m view of the inter.. national resistance to the preparations for a new war. The fact that the USSR IS supporting effective meas- ures against the preparations for a new war merely provides further proof of its consistent peace policy. 23. The Czechoslovak delegation entirely shares the view that the question, for instance. of the prohibition of the atomic weapon and other weapons for the mass extermination of people cannot be withdrawn from the agenda of the General Assembly and the other organs of the United Nations until an unconditional prohibition of atomic weapons has been ado~ted, until the vague formulae about so-called international con- trol of atomic energy have been replaced by a specific and 'binding prohibition of the atomic weapon, until the just desire of hundreds of millions of people throughout the world - the desire that atomic energy should be used- only for purposes of peaceful, con- structive work in the service of mankind and human welfare -has prevailed. 24. The policy of the enemies of peace and the peace" fut co-existence of nations is to use atomic energy for the production of atomic weapons and is vastly detri- mental to the interests of progress, which require that .. atomic energy should be placed wholly and exclusively results of this achievement of human genius for the development of its peaceful economy, welfare and culture. 26. Without the prohibition of the atomic weapon, there can be no effective international control of atomic energy. What, for example, could any or~ of the United Nations do with regard to ~int 2 m the Sec- retary-General's programme, concerning the establish- ment of an international control system for atomic energy, which. apart from stating that "every possi- bility should be explored"; makes litera.1Iy no specific proposals and, in the spirit of the recently adopted resolution submitted by the Anglo-Amerlcan bloc, avoids the question of the prohibition of the atomic weapon? 27. If the General Assembly does not clearly indicate that the system of international control must apply to the prohibition of the atomic weapon, how will the appropriate United Nations organ which is to examine this question know what is to be controlled? A clear indication of this kind is cOii!tained in the Soviet Union draft resolution, which requires the unconditional pro- hibition of the atomic weapon and other weapons for the mass extermination of people, aRid" at the same time the institution of control to ensure th~ observance of that prohibition. 28. The position of the United States representative on the question of the proper composition of the Secu- rity Council, in connexion with the proposal for the holding of periodic meetings, is hostile not only to the Security Council, which is primarily responsible for international peace and security and is now functioning with an illegal membership, but also to the great People's Republic of China. The USSR draft resolu- tion, which IS based on the necessity for changing this illegal situation so that the Security Council may func- tion successfully and legally, requires that if it is decided to inaugurate periodic meetings of the Secu- rity Council, provision should be made to ensure that the Council is "fully and legally constituted with the participation of the representative of the People's Re- public of China". 29. The argument advanced by the United States rep- resentative that this paragraph of the Soviet Union draft resolution is unacceptable because the General Assembly still recognizes the Nationalist Government of China, does not bear scrutiny. 30. It does not bear scrutiny because it is precisely the United States aggression a~nst the territory of the People's Republic of China, m the form of a block- ade and the occupation of the Chinese island of Taiwan, which is forcibly preventing the legitimate government of the Chinese people from exercising its authority in that portion of Chinese territory. It is only the illegal pnited States occupation of TaIwan which is prolong- tnf g the existence, in t~a:t portion of C~inese terri!ory, o the bankrupt Kuommtang group which the ChInese people have expelled as a puppet of the United States Imperialists. The United States argument does not .. accordance with the trend of the aggressive United States policy in regard to the Pacific area in general, and the People's Republic of China in particular. 32. Shortly after the Second World War, the ruling circles in the United States~ _pursuing their plans for the establishment of United States world domination_ began to count upon China as their strategic base in Asia. The war a~inst the Japanese invad~rs was hardly over when United States militaristic circles were already making tremendous efforts to buttress the KtiOn1mmng re~me and that regime's extensive pr.eparations for civil war against the Chinese ~ople who il~d fought to secure the independence of ChIna from foreign imperialists. The Chinese people were still fightint~ against the Japanese invaders when the United States monopolists developed and began .to execute ptanll for the economic enslavement and ex- ploitation of the huge territory of China. 33. The United States began.to count.more and more upon China as an enormous market and as a SCUfce of raw materials in view of the clear indications of an impending economic crisis in the United States. 1.;.", victory of L'te People's Republic of China was a great defeat for the imperialists in general and for the United States imperialists in particular. ... 34. The United States ruling circles, in their prep- arations for a third world war, are striving to crush the national liberation movement of the colonial, semi- colonial and dependent peoples of Asia. By attacking the Korean people, its freedom and independence, the United States has proceeded from threats to direct acts of aggression. 35. The further development of United States policy in the Pacific area, the systematic air raids on the Chinese People's Republic, the violation of the terri- torial integrity and sovereignty of China, the blockade and the occupation of an inalienable part of the Chinese People's Republic, the island of Taiwan - all this is not only in keeping with the general pOlicy of the United States ruling circles in the Pacific a rea, but is also evidence of their obvious intention to extend the war in .the Far East. This development oi United States policy in Korea and against the People's Republic of China is causing not only the peoples of Asia, who are directly threatened by United States aggression, to be very much on their guard; it is also causing the peoples of the whole world, who most earnestly wish to ensure international peace and security, to keep a close watch on this policy. 36. It is clear in the light of these facts that the negative attitude of the United States delegation to the question of the .lawful representation of the Chinese people .in the United Nations is prompted solely by the hostility of the United States ruling circles to the Chinese people and by their aggressive actions and plans against the Chinese People's Republic. These ~9. ~he ?efinition of these principles is all the more Importanttn !hat the twenty...y~ar programme indirectly refers to .Potnt Four of President Truman's message of 2Q January 1949 to the United States Congress. ~he Czechoslovak delegation fully agrees with the VIews of Mt. Thorp who stated in the Foreign Rela- tions Committee of the United States Senate that Point Four was not altruistic but was in the interests of the United States itself. In actual fact, Point Four of .that U!essage is an instrument of United States policy.desIgned to .en~ble the United States to pene- trate 1Oto economicallY. backward countries and to supplant the European colonial Powers in those coun- tries. It is an instrument designed to enable the United States to export its capital through the Export-Import Bank, to intensify the exploitation of under-developed countr!es and.t? secure. privileges of all kinds in the countrIes recelvmg HaSslstance". 40. It is common knowledge that, under the guise of "assistance", the United States is securing control of the national economy of. entire States. In reality the Uni!ed States is disrupting the national :ndustry and.capItal deve!opment of those countries by means of hIgh rates of 10terest - rates which are as high as 10 per <:en~ i~ the Latin-American countries. A much mote conv1OcIng account of the ruinous consequences of. such ."assistance", which completely disrupts the development of the countries' own resources could be given by the delegations of those States which know from their own experience the results of the so-called "bold new programme for making the benefits of our scientific advances and industrial progress available for the improvement and growth of under-developed areas".1 41. .The economic development of backward countries r~quIre~, abo,:e all, the bui~ding up of their own na- tIonal 1Odustnes, and that IS why assistance must be 1 Extract from President Truman's message to the Urtited States Congress of 20 January 1949'. by the United States. The grandiloquent statements of the representatives of the United States regarding freedom of trade were worthless, as they were accom- panied by a policy of discrimin~tion against free and democratic peoples and States which naturally rejected any attempt to interfere in their internal affairs. 43. The abandonment of freedom of trade and of equality in relations among States is, of course, of the very essence of the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan has proved to be an instrument of the expansionist policy of the American monopolists. Unheard-of polit- ical pressure is put on those capitalist countries which hesitate or refuse to subject their economy to the in- terests of those monopolists and which defend the principle of free trade. The American monopolies are putting pressure on the countries participating in the Marshall Plan in order to force those countries to apply a. policy of discrimin~tion in their trade relations with the eastern European ~ountries. Yet it is quite clear that this American pressure is injuring the trade interests of the "MarshaIlized" States.· The economic consequences of United States trade discrimination are reflected in the considerable decrease in trade be- tween western Europe and the countries of eastern ~urope. It is, I think, obvious.t~t this policy is par- ticularly harmful to the economic mterests and national economy of the "MarshaIIized" countries of western Europe. 44..The Czechoslovak delegation believes that tra(l.e relatIOns should be developed without discrimination, 0!1 the basis of equality and respect for State sover- eIgnty and without interference in the internal affairs of countries. 45. The Czechoslovak delegation is firmly convinced that all who desire pr'·· e must do their utmost to thwart the criminal intentions of the war-mongers, who want to kindle the flames of a new world war, and to ensure that the only principle governing international rela- tions is a sincere desire for democratic co-operation am?ng people~ in the interests C!f lasting peace, inter- natIonal securIty and the well-bemg of mankind. 46. Since the USSR draft resolution is directed solely towards those ends, the Czechoslovak delegation will vote for it. 47. Sir Mohammad ZAFRULLA KHAN (Paid.. stan) : The Secretary-General is to be commended and congratulated on placing before the Assembly his most Malaya and Vietilam-are ready to assume the respon- sibilities of self-government. It is true that the atmos- phere in these two countries has lately been gravely vitiated. But it is not delay in the setting up of self- governing institutions and responsible governments in those countries that will adequately resolve the prob- lems with which they are faced, Rather it is speed towards the achievement of those objectives that will adequately meet the memv.:e to peace that has risen in those two countries of South East Asia. 51. There are other countries, say, of North Africa, that are even readier and better prepared to assume the responsibilities of self-government, and others that re- main must follow as rapidly as possible. There are, for instance, the British colonies of West Africa, Nigeria, the Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Senegal and the Belgian Congo; there is also Equatorial Africa and so on. There are all these achievements in the political field to be accomplished as speedily as may be possible. 52. I have had the honour on previous occasions to draw attention to the fact that so long as there are any dependent areas in the world, they will continue to con- stitute the most potent temptation for breach of inter- national peace. 53. As a corollary to point 9, I would venture to draw attention to point 5, that is, the need to achieve uni- versality for the United Nations Organization. As we continue co-operating and helping towards the building up of sovereign independent Sw.tes, they must continue to be invited to take a due place'in the comity of nations. It follows that we must aClmit rapidly to the member- by all Member States of the specialized agencies of the United Nations to promote, in the words of the Charter, higher standards of living, full employment and condi.. tions of econOlpic and social progress". 55. I wish to call the attention of the Assembly dur.. ingthis general discussion to a fact which is now patent to everyone, namely, that mankind is one. It is one organism, and if any portion of it is under..developed, diseased, affiicted by poverty or other wants, then none of it can really advance at the necessary rate for man- kind to progress toward prosperity if even a minimum standard of human happiness is to be secured. It is therefore necessary that more urgent attention should be paid to the achievement of these objectives-not merely to the planning for them, although·planning of course is essential and a necessaJ:j preliminary to em- barking on the execution of any programme. The e."'Ce- cution of these programmes must be more speedily undertaken and on a much more generous scale than is contemplated at the moment. That is the one investment whi(=h is bound to pay rich dividends wherever it is undt·lrtaken. 56. In other words, with regard to this portion of the programme, what we are seeking to establish is the strengthening of peace through prosperity. The main- tenance of peace in the sense of an elimination of armed conflict is only tJ. preliminary. It is not only a matter for regret but, I might be impertinent enough to say, even a shame for mankind that, after half of the twentieth century has elapsed, and even when science and learning, both in the abstract and in their application, have taken such tremendous strides towards placing mankind above the fear of want, we should still· be struggling to find means for keeping ourselves from flinging ourselves at each other's throats. But once that is achieved, our real task will begin, and our real task is to put mankind beyond these elementaryfears so that the object of the creation of man which a beneficent Creator had in mind may begin in some measure to be achieved. 57. Lastly, I would venture to draw attention to point 10, which proposes the "active and systematic use of all the powers of the Charter and all the machinery of the United Nations to speed up. the development of inter.. , national law towards an eventual enforceable world law for a universal world society". In this connexion I would draw particular attention to a sentence in the commentary on this point" which says that: "There are tice, and systematic development and codification of internationa1law." 58. Greater use of the International Court of Justice wottld in itself indicate and prove a greater and a keener desire on the part of parties to a dispute to settle their disputes by peaceful methods. We go on paying lip- service to our readiness, to our keenness, to our eager desire to settle our disputes by peaceful methods, but when it comes to the actual attempt to settle any dispute, more often than not, almost in every instance, one meets with reluctance on the ~ of parties to.a dispute to submit their dispute, if it is of a justiciable character, to the International Court of Justice and, if not of a justiclable cl:laracter, to international arbitration. Each IS anxious to settle the dispute, ready to settle it at any moment by peaceful methods, provided it is settled in the manner In which they desire to see it settled, that is, in its own favour. That is not the way to settle dis- putes by peaceful methods and, as I have submitted, the greater the recourse to the International Court of justice and other similar agencies and instruments for th~:,~tduI settlement of disputes, the greater and the dealer will be the proof that countries ba.ve no desire to go to war to settle ilisputes of an international character. 59.. We must recognize that we have now to engage ourselves actively in setting up what this memorandum deseribes as a better world society. The only way to do it is to strengthen the foundations and build the struc- ture 'of a. social.. economic and political edifice which embraces within its beneficent scope the whole of man- t..:.-.t w ... _ ... 'l_...... fte:..1_ "'..._ ~~ ~ _111 __ .1; __ ~~ •• '" ~ .1....."" ........~ &V& f.U.,", auvaz.n:;u(" CUI; ~uuuu- vermes whkh cluster round the troublesome question of national sovex'eignty. When we have learned to do by voluntary co-operation what we are afraid to agree to do as a. matter of legal obligation, all reason for that fear wilt have disappeared and we shall then be ready to attoM re.oognition to tile reality that has already estab- lished itself.. That.. I venture to submi4 is the only method of advancing towards the setting up of a uni- ~ 'WOrld society.. 60.. This draft resolution which is before the General ~bl.r does not really seek to do any of these things by'..i¥f!' test: i\ snould cause anxiety in any quarters. It U\,~~ ~tttntionto the memonmdum~ and commends the: ~-General tor placing that memorandum ~ the ~ Assembly. The memorandum has ~.smbed hy_ the Settetary-GenetaI himself as a WQ~ paper which draws attention to what needs to k- done-I!< an€! an that ~ draft resolution does is to re- ~t the *l?Ptopriate organs of the United Nations ~ gil'e (Ottsi~n to those portions of the memo- tu\dum with which the)'" are parlicuIarly concerned and tc>. ~rt ~ from time to time.. 61.. 'YE: also ha:\"e 1he USSR draft resolution under ~ It a~ to me that that draft does not ~ tM need of direding attention to the points stloutInthe ~-&neral"smemorandum .. It seeks to.~ <:main particubr points of view.., some of 1!hkh may,. iD theit turn,. oot he optm to serious obje.e- ~ w~ ~ may mt ~ acceptable to some of the Member Stltft.. Sooie of the proposal's (lf the S£)viet treiotl dnft 1'eSQtuoon are ~ towal~ seaui:oc efficacy of the United Nations as an instrument for achieving those ends.. The draft resalution submitted by i the. .USSR delegation [,4./1525 arul Cow.!} begin.5.· brJ ~ appro~ the raising of ~ item proposed • by-the Secittary~ namely~ ''DeveIopoienf of a . (c) of paragraph 2, lays down, as an essential condt- tion for the further development of the ~rogr~e for peace the prior acceptance of the solutions whIch the USSR supports, and which it fully realizes are disputed by most of the other Powers represented here. 79. It is not in that way that negotiation~can be beg'!n in an atmosphere of equality and good WIll to reconcIle States at a time like this, when th.e future of the world is gtavely threatened by the growmg danger of war. If negotiations among~t.t.~s are to be honourable and effective the parties concerned must be prepared to con.. sider co'ntrary arguments and, if necessary, to make concessions if their reason con~nces ~hem that they should do so or if regard for higher mterests.so r~­ quires. In our opinion it wo~l~ have been .l~osslble,•In the present case, without impati'mg the c?n~ltions which are ess~ntial for the conduc~ of negotiat!0n~1 fo~ tpe Soviet Union to submit its WIshes and objectives In. ItS draft resolution as an individual expression of VIews prior to tne discussion. SO. We do not, however, believe that such wishe~ and objectives can be laid down as a necessary baslts or sine qua non for the preparation of a programme.f?r the negotiations themselves, especially when the posltion of the other nations, a position fully ~nd clearly' expressed in the debates of the United Natlons at thts and pre- vious sessions of the General Assembly, is known before· hand-as it was to the USSR delegation. 81. That in itself would make it.impossible for C?ur delegation to accept the Sovie~ Uwon draft resolutIon as a whole, although some portions, such as paragraphs 2 (e) and (f), might well be consid~red separ~tely ~nd"'.. might well be borne in mind as subjects ·for dIScussIon. ) 82. In view of these general co~siderationsl whi~h summarize our positionl the delegation,of Uruguay WIll vote in favour of the joint draft resolution on the Sec~ retary-General1smost valuable memorandum. Our coun- try whose greatest strength is its law, hopes that, at thi~ time of anxious expectancy for all the peoples of the worldl the representatives o~ those peoples, meeti~g in this universal parliament, wIll prove equal to theIr great responsibilities and will answer the hopes of man.. kind by outlawing aggression wherever it.arises ~nd in whatever Iorm it may appearl and by collaborating whole-heartedly in the essential task of framing a pro- gt'31l1l11e for lasting peace~ in conformity with the rule of law and based on freedom and justice. 91. I would ask Mr. Younger whether a majority depends on the place of the meeting. I seriously assert that if the General Assembly were to meet in Warsaw, or even in Moscow, the Amtrican bloc would have its majority there also. Thus, wherever the World Con- gress of the Partisans of Peace may be held-in Shef- field, in Warsaw, or anywhere else-the real partisans of peace will certainly always vote for peace, against aggression and for the prohibition of the atomic weapon. 92. Thus the enemies of peace will never succeed in disparaging the great historical work that has been undertaken by the Partisans of Peace. None of the verbal juggling by which the United Kingdom repre- sentative has tried to besmirch this congress-this noble initiative by scientists, cultural leaders and men of reli- gion who are fighting for peace under such hard con- ditions-ean succeed in discred~ting, besmirching or belittling the immense significance of this undertaking. !.88. The last remark which I should like to make to the Assembly relates to the flagrant distortion of facts perpetrated by Mr. Younger when he spoke of the transfer of the World Congress of the Partisans of Peace from Sheffield to Warsaw. Mr. Younger tried tG make us believe that the organizers of that congress transferred it to Warsaw because they were afraid that there would be .too many real partisans of peace in Sheffield. But this is mp-rely a juggling with words which is 'very close to falsehood and slander, since the organizers of the Sheffield congress were unable to hold 93. These are the brief remarks which the USSR del- egation felt obliged to make in connexion with Mr. Younger's statement. 94. The SECRETARY~GENERAL: I had hoped it would not be necessary for me to add anything to this discussion, since I have already taken enough of your time. But Mr. Malik's statement from this rostrum im- poses upon me the necessity of pointing out that some- thing which has been said here is not true and· will not be made true by repetition, wer~ Ccminternagents. Finally, visas were refused to the Stakhanovite worker Rossiysky, an honoured citi- zen of the Soviet Union, who has distinguished himself by his labours, and tne famous tractor driver Angelina. These are the Soviet citizens, ardent and sincere par- tisans of peace, whom the United Kingdom Government prevented from attending the congress of the Partisans of Peace at Sheffield. 90. That is the real position; outstanding scientists and artists of other countries, such as France, were not granted visas either, and in some cases force was used to send them back to the countries from which they came. That was the situation created by the United Kingdom with its police measures in Sheffield. The or- gau~zers of the congress obviously c-ould not carry out their work in those circumstances. 96. Before I conclude, I want to thank you all and tell you how gratified I am at the serious tone and the generally high level of this debate. Despite the reitera~ tion of well known differences, it shows the desire of the Member nations to do their utmost to achieve a lasting peace. May I add my special thanks to those representatives who have so warmly endorsed my memorandum and to the sponsors of the nine-Power draft resolution which- is now before you.

The discussion is closed. We shall now proceed to the vote. 98. The General Assembly has before it two draft resolutions: the first has been submitted by the delegations of Canada, Cmle, Colombia, Haiti, Lebanon, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sweden and Yugoslavia' [A/1514], the second has been submitted by the delegation of the Soviet Union [A/1525 and Corr.1]. 99. The United Kingdom delegation has submitted an amendment [-4/1535] to the joint draft resolution. I shall first ask the sponsors of the joint draft resolution if they agree to the amendment. If so, it will form part of the draft resolution; if not, I shall put the amendment to the vote separately. The representative of Sweden, who is one of the authors of the draft r~so­ lution, has signified assent. Do the other delegations sponsoring the draft also agree to the amendment?

On behalf of the People's Republic of Yugo~ slavia, I regret that I am unable to. support the amendment proposed by the United Kingdo..tn delegation. 101. The PRESIDENT (translated from French) : As the .Yugoslav representative, who is one of the authors of the joint draft resolution, does not accept the amendment, I shall have to put it to the vote separately. 102. The amendment proposed by the United Kingdom [A/1535] calls for the substitution of the following text for the b,:';f paragraph of the draft resolution: URequ,ests these organs to inform the General Assembly at its sixth session, through the Secretary- General, of any progress achieved through such con~ sideration." . 103. The United Kingdom representative explained this amendtnent in his speech here today [311th 111,eet- ~ng] ,"I shall now put it to the vote. The amendment was adopted by 44 votes to 7} with 5 abstentions. .

The General Assembly will now vote on the USSR draft resolution [A/1525 and Con-.1]. AfterwCirds, those who wish to explain·their 'Vote, either on the joint draft resolution or on the draft resolution of the Soviet Union) will be able to do so. 106. The USSR representative has asked for a vote on his draft resolution paragraph by paragraph. If there is no objection, we shall adopt this course. 107. I have been reproached for not reading draft resolutions submitted by the Soviet Union. Usually I do not read any draft resolution, in view of the fact that they are to b,~ found in the documents distributed to th.e members of t'h~ Assembly; in this case, however, it will be easy for me to read each paragraph vf the USSR draft resolution as I put it to the vote. The President read the test of the Soviet Union draft resolution paragraph by paragraph.2 The preamble and paragraph 1 of theoperotivlt part were rejected by 27 votes to 11} with 17 abstentions. The first sentence and sub~paragraph (a) of paragraph 2 of the operative part were rejected by 42 votes to 8, with 5 abstentions. Sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph 2 of the operative I part was rejected b'j.' 40 votes to 5} with 12 abstentions. 1 Sub-paragraph. (c) of paragraph 2 of the operative l part was rejected by 36 votes to 6} with 13 abstentions. I , Sub-paragraph (d) of paragraph 2 of the operative , part was rejt3'ctl!d by 38 votes to 5} with 14 abstentions. l Sub-poragraJ;h (e) of paragraph 2 of the operative_ I part was rejected by 24 votes to 16, with 15 abstentions. I l Sub-paragraph (f) of paragraph 2 of the opera.tive 1 . part was rejected by 23 votes to 15} with 17 abstentions. ! 108. The .t'RliSIDENT (tra·t1.slated from French): A:. none of the paragraphs of the dra.ft resolution sutr . mittal by the Soviet. Union has been adopted, there is < no need to put the resolution as a whole to· the vote. 109. I call upon the representative of Greece, who wishes to explain his vote. 110. Mr. KANELLOPOULOS (Greece) (translated from French) : The Greek delegation voted in favou!' of the joint draft resolution because it is convinced that the draft is sincerely inspired by the ideal of peace. 111. My delegation also believes that thememoran.. dum of the Secretary-General of our Organization is a remarkable contribution to the conception and creation of the technical conditions which would make it possible to strengthen peace. 112. Nevertheless, in voting for the· draft submitted jointly by the nine nations, my delegation was not carried away by fleetinR' illusions. An of us here know that the technical conditions must be supplemented by 2 The text of the draft resolution appears in the record of the 309th meeting. . 115. The points raised in the memorandum of the Secretary-General are in our view worthy of the mos~ careful examinJ-tion by the relevant organs of the United Nations. Some of these studies have meanwhile, as has ~en ~bser-ved by preceding sF'<:akers, be~n initiated as separatl~ problems, and in a number of cases produced import~nt results under the stress of particular circumstances. However, when we view the twentyyear programme as a co-ordinated whole, the approach to such a long-term problem should be unprejudiced by the special needs of a special situation. Therefore we should, in our opinion, leave it to the appropriate organs of the United Nations to consider how far and how soon just and practical ways and means can be prepared in the light of an ever-evolving world situation. The resolution submitted by the nine Powers formulates requests which cal'1 serve this purpose. For that reason we supported it. . 116. For the same reason, we found ourselves unable to support the draft resolution submitted by the Soviet Union. As the representative of the United Kingdom explained this morning [311th meeting], apart from the China was the only such government functioning in the Republic of China as now constituted and that therefore that government should represent China in the General Assembly; and also that· other organs of the United Nations should be recommended to take a similar view. My dele~tion voted for that Indian draft resolution. Apart from constitutional arguments, we believe that the final settlement of the issue of Chinese representation in the United Nations might A-40464-Janu,ary 1951-3,600 ---,..----------------------------------------- Printed in U.S.A.