A/PV.864 General Assembly

I now d.eclare the Republic of Cameroun admitted to membElrship in the United Nations. The delegation of the Republi,'J of Cameroun was escorted to its place in the General Assembly hall. 53.. The PRESIDENT: I now put to the vote the draft resolution sponsored by France and Tunis;i,a rA/L.296] recommendingthe admils.sionofthe Togolase Republic to membership in the UnitedNations.

I now dl~clare. the Togolese Republic admitted to membxE/hip in the. United Nations. The .delegation of the TogcIZese Republic was escorted to its place in the Ger.leraI Assembly hall.

The third candidate fo~ admission to membership of tlle' United Nations is the Federation of Mali. In this case the AsseJnbly has no draft resolution before it.. '. 56. A number of delegati()ns' have intimated t<> me that, in oosting circumstances, they are not l~eady . to act on this candidacy and,· ther~fore, they would prefer that the matter shoulel be held over. lam sure that the Assembly will felel that, in the circumstan~es. that isa reasonable request. If there is no objectl.on, we shall proceed accordingly. It was so decided.

The .fourth . candidate for admission to membership in, the United Nations is the Malagasy Republic. I i1witethe ASSembly to vote on' the draft resolution sponsored by France and T\'lnisia [A/L.297] reoorumending the admissiou'ofthe Malagasy Republic to membership in the.United Nations. The delegation .of the Malagasy Republic was escorted to its plaoe in the General Assembly hall. 59. The PRESIDJENT: The next candidatp, for admission to membership is the Republic of Somalia. The Assembly will now vote on the draft resolution sponsored by Italy, Tunisia and the United Kingdom [A/L.298] recomm,ending tlJ.e admission oftheRepublic of Somalia to membership in the UnitedNations.

I now declare the Republic of Somalia admitted to membership in the United Nations. The' delegation of the Republic of Somalia was escorted to its place in the General Assembly hall. 61. The PRESIDENT: The next candidate for admission is the Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville). The Assembly has before it a, draft l'esolution sponsored by Tunisia [A/L.299] recommending the Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) for admission to membership in the United Nations.

I hereby declare the Repu1.l1ic of the Congo (Leopoldville) admitted to membe:rship in the United Nations. 63.. As M'IDlbers of the Assembly are aware, the sit;71ation in tb.e Congo has been the subject of much dJ.scussion in the United Nations within recent weeks and even 'Within the past few days, and the cc.nstitutional and political position in that country still remains, unhappily, far from clear. ill these circumstances, we are faced with a difficulty as regards the implementation of the resolution we have just adopted. The difficulty is one for the Assembly itself, and I· would suggest to the Assembly.that the best solution ,of this would be to refer it to the Credentials Committee. As I hear no obje.ction to this proposal, it will be considered as a.dopted. It was so decided.

The next candidate for admission to the United Nations is the Republic of Dahomey. I wculd ask the Assembly to vote now on a draft resolution sponsored by France and Tunisia [AlL.300] recommending the a.dmission of the. Republic of Dahomey to. membership in the United Nations. 65. The 'PRESIDENT: I hereby declare the Republic of Dahomey admitied to membership in the United Nations. The delegation of the Republic of Dahomey was escorted to its place.in the General Assembly hall.

The next candidate for admission to the United Nations is the Republic of the Niger.· The Assembly will now vote. on the draft resolution sponsored by France and Tunisia [A/L.;;Ol] recommending the admission of the The delegation of the Republic of the Niger w~s escorted to its place in tl.~e General Assembly hail.

The ne.n· candidate for admission to membership is the Republic of the Upper Volta. The Assembly '!!ill vote on the draft resolution sponsored by France andTunisia [A!L.302] recommending the admission of the Republic of the Upper Volta to membership in the United Nations.

I hereby declare the Republic of the Upper Volta admitted to membership in the United Nations. The delegation of the Republic of the Upper VoIla was escorted to its place in the GeneralAssembly hall.

The next candidate for admission to membership is the RepubUc of the Ivory Coast. I will ask the Assembly to vote on the draft resolution sponsored by France and. Tunisia rA./L.303] recommending the Republic of the Ivory Coast for a.dmission to membership in the United Nations.

I hereby declare the Republic of the Ivory Coast admitted to membership in the United Nations. 72. I understand that the delegation of the Republic of the Ivory Coast has not yet arrived in New York an.d that they will be unable to take ilieir seats this afternoon, but no doubt we shall allhave an opportunity to welcome them personally and individually on a later occasion. 73. The next candidate ; '·r membership is the Republic of Chad. The Assembly will now vote on the draft resolution. sponsored by France and Tunisia [A/L.304] recommending the admission ofthe Republic of Chad to membership intheUnitedNations.

I n.ow declare the Republic 0;' Chad admitted to membership intheUnitedNations. ThedeJegation of the Republic of Chad was escorted to its place in the General Assembly hal.l.

The next candidate for membership is theRepublic ofthe Congo (BrazzaviJ.le). I would ask the Assembly to vote on the draft resolution sponsored by F'rance andTunisia[A/L.305] recoll'..mending the admission to meinbership of the Republ:1.c of the Congo (Brazzaville)~

I now declare the Republic of the Congo (BrazzaYille) admitted to membership in tb,a United Nations. The delegation of the Republic of the Co~go (Brazzaville) was escorted to its place in the Gene+al Assem,bly hall.

I now declare the Gabon Republic admitted to membership in' the United Nations. . The delegation of the Gabon Republic was esco:rted to its place in the General Assembly hall. 79. The PRESIDENT: The next candidate for membership is the Central African Republic. The Assembly will vote on the draft resolution sponsored by France and Tunisia [A/L.3071 recommending the admission to membership of the Central African Republic.

I now declar3 the Centr'al Afric:Lll Republic admitted to membership in the United Nation-s. The delegation of the Central African Republic was escorted to its place in the General Assembly ball.

The last candidate for membership is the Republic of Cyprus. TheAssembly will now vote on the draft resolution sponsored by Ceylon and the United Kingdom' of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [A/l~.308], recommending the admission to ml~mbership of the Republic of Cyprus. The draft resoJution WG'S adopted by acclamation.

I now declare the Republic of Cyprus admitted to membership in the United Nations. The delegation of the Repul:J1ic of Cyprus was escorted to its place in the General .4ssembly hall. 83. The PRESIDEN'.I:: Now thatthesenew delegations have taken their places, r feel I will be expressmg the desire of all of us if I extend to them a sincere· and cordial welcome on behalf of the Assembly as awhole. 84. Within recent years, the representatives of African States have won the admiration and respect of the United Nattons' as a whole by the wisdom and authority with which they have made the voide of Africa heard in our councns. The emergence of the peoples of Africa into freedbm and independence has greatly strengthened the positionQftheUnitedNations. I am sure that the new Members from the continent of .Africa who have'taken their seats among us tOday will further. enhance the advantages whl!:}h our Organization has already derived· from the great liberation movement in·Africa. 90•. First ofall,th~re are the circumstances in WhiCh. thes.~ countries. hav.e.a.ttain.ed independenc..:l and are now being .admitted to membership in the United Nations. Du..""ingmy speech in the general debate last year [814th meeting]. I had occasion to refer to the new provisionS .of the French. Constitution of 1958, to the CommUDityr~gime, and particularly to the fact that .all members of the Community hid been .grant~d .the right to ask for· M!sovereignty~!~y time. Now. they haveachieve'1 that .... sovereignty, without .heSitation. or rese:rye, in. fr:endshf.p a'Jld" concord. And in Slmllar conditions two Iormer ~t.·-l ... ••_._~tt!l :IiiT iii•••• !:IS: J 85. All lovers of 'freedom everywhere hailed· with joy the splendid conciliatory efforts which resulted in the independence of Cyprus. The p:l.'esence of the delegation of Cyprus among us today symbolizes· a . trlUll'lph of statesmanship and human understanding, the qualities which we all ardently desire to animate our pl'oceedingahere. I extelld a special welcome, therefore,· to. the delegation of our new Member;

First of all, Mr. President, permit me to convey to you the congratulations of the Fren~ch delegation on your election to the highest office of our General Assembly. Your outstanding qualities. your experience and the esteem in which you are held by all give us the assurance that you will carry out this difficult task with succes& and distinction. You may count on our friendly support in accepting your decisions and we offer you ourwarm and sincere good wishes. 88. I am sure the Assembly will understand why, immediately after the voting, I wished to speak in t4e name of France in order to voice our satisfaction at the admission to membership in the United Nations of the Replililic of Cameroun, the Togolese Republic, the Malagasy Republic, the Republic of the Ivory Coast, the Republic of Dahomey, the Republic of the Niger. the Upper Volta, the Central AO.'ican Republic. the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), the Republic of Chad andthe GabonRepublic, countries which have long been associatedwithFranceandwhich have now, in complete agreement and friendship with her, become fully independent. 89. The unanimous adoption of the resolutions which the French and Tunisian de.legations submitted jointly to the Assembly is a source of great joy and pride to us. It represents the crowning achievement of years of effort, indeed of more than a century in some cases, .in the process of methodical evolution which has now brought all these new States to a po~t where t.l1ey. can take theil'piace in the international--communli'3'. Together they represent a considerable part of Africa, and that is why their accession to fudependence has inspired many to call the year 1960 the year of Africa. My country claims its share of responsibility and credit in this historic. development and is particularly proud of two filets which eme:tge from it. 91. Our second reason for feeling satisfied. is tue very fact that this process of evolution is now complete. For a long time, Mricans and French have worked. clogely together in mutual confidence to build the foundations on which future States could develop an orderly and progressive way of life. The time has now come to harvest the fruits of our labours llirough many generations, and particularly in the last ten or fifteen years. It is wiih complete confidence that we now see our Mrican friends assuming full responsibility for their destiny. We are convinced that they will acquit themselves honourably of their new tasks and especially those they undertake in becoming members of the United Nations. They will represent elements of pl'ogress and vitality, enthusiasm andreasonintheinternational community. promise of a most prosperous future. Ail these the Government of ,the Republ:l.c of Tu.llisia, the State,;, so diverse by.nature, have one thing in fourteen new independent States of the Mediterranean common: they are governed by trmy democratic and Mrica, whose admission has been approved institutions, are animated by sincerely peaceful today a~;the opening of the fifteenth session of the instinct,;, haye at their head a capable lIelitell , and General Assembly. Two others will certainly be can build sound economic structures which will joining us at the beginning of ne..~ week in an atmosenable them, with the help of their friends, to view phere of con~lOrd, friendship and conciliation. It is the future with confidence. As I said before, the particularly heart--W'arm.tng for the young African participation of these countrles and their leaders State that I represent to 'see the Mrican continent in the work of our Organization will enrich it to an fill the. .void which has subsisted so long in our extent that France, better than any other cOlpltl'y, Organization by reason of its absence and .enjoy, :is in a position to appreciate. on the same .footing as the other continents; a 93. Among the States whose admission he,d been representation more in line with its possibilities recommended by the Security Councn at the reqUest and its . rapid political development. And it is still .of France and TlLllisia there is one. the Federation more heart-warming, on a more general plane, to of Mali, whose case cannot, unfortunately, be decided see the United Natigns coming closer toUDiversaIity, .. today by the GeneralAssembly. It is not t~at Senegal which we still regard as its primary characteristic ~IIilI!IJ.!I!lJ!--.._,g!..Al.. 97. The peoples of Africa cert9.inly are, to use a com.mon expression, "young peoples'. Compared with the peoples of an old continent like Europe or an ancient one like Asia, the nations of Africa have accumulated fewer international tra9itions. We all know that the newly independent peoples of Africa are !:lrlnging into these august precincts, where the fact that a nation is young sometimes gives rise to misgivin.gs, their ardour andtheirprofoundattachment to liberty, peace and justice, ideals which the United Nations has always championed everywhere in the world. We all feel convinced that fud cause of human freedom has been greatly strengthened by the admission of these new African States today, and that there is more support for justice and dignity within the Organization. In the end, man and all the values for which he stands will certainly be much strengthened as a result. That ia why we feel that 20 September will be an important date in the history not only of Africa but of the United Nations. 98. Because of Tunisia's position as a Medit.erranean coUntry and because it is par'/; ofAfrica, it has several reasons for welcoming this event. The bonds of friendship and brotherhood which unite the Tunisian people to the ancient peoples of these new Member State.s have won for the Tunisian delegation the outstanding honour of submitting the candidature of several of them to the Security Council, an honour of which it may well be proud.· Allow me to convey the most sincere good wishes of the Tunisian Government and people for the happinsss of their peoples in a stable and peacef"ul future and the , consolidation of their sovereignty and independenceto all our friends-the Republic of Cameroun, the Republic of Toga, the :Malagasy Republic, theRepublic of Somalia, the Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville), the Republic of Dahom\~, the Republic of the Niger, the Republic of the Upper Volta, the Republic of the Ivo~ Coast, :the Republic of Chad and the Republic oi the Congo (Brazzaville), the Gabon Republic, the Centr.a1 African Republic and the Republic of Cyprus. 99. I am convinced that the· new nations whose a~i&.sion to tlie Umted Nations has bE!en approved today will be able to draw from their inherited traditional wisdom, their own genius and what they have acquired from contact with the modern world enough spiritual and moral strength to save them from the convulsions of independence, to help them overcome the obstacles with which they will soon .be faced and to forge for themselves a prosperous and happy future. For us, the young countries of Africa, the achievement of independence involves the assumption of major responsibilities and duties to our peoples, the internaiWnal community and our brothers of the African continent, some of whom are engaged in a long and murderous struggle to recover their freedom and dignity. We are convinced that the new Members of the United Nations are fully aware of these different duties and responsibilities. I am .sure that they will strive to work for peace and freedom, in Mrica and in the world~ 101. I have asked for the floor on this significant occasion when the General Assembly has decidedupon the admission of fourteen new countries to ID.ti.n.bEJlT8hip 1D the United Nations. From all of them we feel certain 1.:.11' Organization may expect a substantial contribution from which to derive new vigour for the attainment of ita goals, the furthering of friendly relat\ons am~ngst the paoples of the world and their (Jonstructive cO'-operation in the achievement of social and er-onomic progress and well-being.. 102. My delegation regrets that, owing to the constitutional situation in the young R9public of the Congo, the matter of its representation in this 'Assembly should have to be deferred. My delegation sincerely hopes that the problem will be solved before long, in the interests of the Republic of; the Congo and as a sign that peace and harmony have been fully re-established in that country. 103. To all of the new Member countries, their peoples and their leaders, I wish to express here the sincere and warm faelings of friendship of Italy. I welcome heartily their representatives in this Assembly and look forward to a most· fruitful collaboration with them. 104. The Italian delegation is gratified at the admission of a sister Mediterranean country, the Republic of Cyprus. OUr relationsliip with the peoples 9f Cyprus may be traced back to the very beginning of history and civilization in the Mediterranean area, and it may well be said that through centuries of intercourSe and common history Italy has shared with the peoples of Cyprus amostsignificantheritage. 105. The admissions of all of the new Members sanctioned by .this Assembly today are a reason for rejoicing. Howevel", may I say. withoutbeingsuspected of partiality, that in one of the admissions Italy finds also a reason for pride. I refer ~o the Republic of Somalia, concerning whose admission Italy was privileged to co-sponsor, together with Tunisilta.nd the United Kingdom, a draft resolution [A/L.298]. The rellttionship between Italy and Somalia, indeed a long and healthy 011e, has developed throngh the years into the clofJest ties offriendslilp, co-operation, mutual confidenoe, respect and esteem between the two peoples. Mell'lbers ofthis Assemblyare especially familiar with the period of our association 'With Somalia when one parl of the territoryoithis rooently· born Republic was entrusted by the United Nations to Italian administration under a Trt!$1:e~hip Agreement. We are indeed pr()udth~tthe objectives 107. Lord HOME (United Kingdom): Mr. President, J: am happy ...lat my first words to the General Assembly of the United Nations should add to the unity of our proceedings, and it is immensely gratifying to me in particular that I find myself sitting under your presidency_ We were colleagues together in London, and therefore from my own personal knowledge I know that we could have no wiser guide and no greater andmore devoted champion of peace than you. 108. I would also like to add my congratulations to Mr. Bela1inde, who conducted the last session of the General Assembly of the United Nations with such conspicuous success. 109. The third purpose for which I come to speak at this rostrum now is to add my welcO'me to that which has been given by the representatives of other countries to the fourteen States which, by the unanimous vote of the Assembly today" have been admitted to our Organization. I welcome them by virtue of their own claims to recognition, because much -of the history of the next hundred years wiJl be shaped in the continent of Africa and many of them are African States, and because the United Kingdom is in the process of converting a dependent empire into an independent commonwealth of f..-se nations. For us, the transition is from dependence to independence to interdependence, and that is· the order of our going. 110.1 wish especially to acclaim. the admission of two Members. In this Organization, cultures and traditions meet, and by meeting they are enril}hed. The President and the representative of Italy h9.ve said that the history of the island of Cyprus stretches far back . into the past, and the island of CYP:!."'<1S today is the heir to those priceless gifts which the Moditerranean has brought to the civilized world and in which the United KingdQm has been privileged to share. This is, therefore, a particularly happy day for us when Cyprus is admitted to membership in the United Nations. 111. Inhistory~ the relationship oftheUnitedKingdom and Cyprus. has been comparatively brief and, over all, it has been haPpy. Of course, the Gene....al Asse;mbly has been i3eized Qf the troubles we had, which extended over twc or t.hree years, in trying to solve the constitutional problems involved in the search for independence .for the. island, and d.uring those years we had violence and we had deadlock, 112. It gives us great .3atisfaction, too, that toda~ Somalia has been admitted to the Univ· .rations. We have had very special ties with one part of the new Republic. When the independent State of Somaliland freely entered into the union which now comprises the Republic of Somalia, we were pleased and acclaimed the move as increasing the strength, the cohesion and the influence of the whole, and we look forward to wOi'king with Somalia in this Organization and in co-operating in the high and creative purposes for which the Unite(1 Nations stands. 113. The events of the last few years have thrown upon the General Assembly many duties and responsibilities which the authors of .the Charter did not foresee. Upon the Assembly now lies the task of seeing that justice is given to all nations, both great and small, and it is because land the United Kingdom Government have faith that the introduction of the new Members today will add to the harmony of nations. and see that justice is done in the world that I have much pleasure on behalf of my Government in welcoming them all to the United Nations.

Permit me, Mr. President, to exprsss our pleasure on your elevation to this high and distinguished office, which, from our previous knowledge of you. we have no doubt that you will adorn. There can also be.no doubt that you will fulfil your duties with the greatest distinction. 11~~ On 54 Aug-l1St 1960, we had the privilege of being associated ''11th the representative of the United Kingdom in co-sponsoring a draft resolution in the Security Council recommending the admission of Cyprus to membership in the United Nations [S/4458], an.d today we had the added pleasure of following that up with Ollr support. The representative of the United Kingdom has already spoken of the variolls constit-utional developments that preceded the declaration of independence by Cyprus and the details of the democratic system of government which has been established ill. the new RepubUc. I do not wish to go jnto these matters, in order that I may make my s'i:atei.1lent as brief as possible. llS.Cyprus .has h~d a memo:rablam.story 4DQ. an <incient civilization. It has· been at the cross1'oads of many civilizations for thou.sands of years, and it is also in the happy position of having been able to achieve freedom and' independence after only thirtyfive, years of foreign rule. I take this opportunity, therefore, to congratulate Cypr-a.s on its freedom and on its admission to membersbip in the UnitedNations, and also to congratulate the United Kingdom on graDIt'illg independence to another of its colonies and, 117. We would also like to extend our warm congratulations to the Governments of Greece and Turkey for their valuable contribution in facilitating the harmonious achievement of the independence of CypruB. 118. On this historie and unique occasion, we have just had the happy privilege of witnessing the admission of fourteen sovereign States tomembership in the United Nations. 1 would like therefore to take this opportunity of extending to aU those States, on behali of my delegation and on behali of the Government and the people of Ceylon, our sincere congratulations, our warm welcome and our best wishes for their success and welfare. 119. There ia one particular point to which 1 wish to refer befure 1 conclude. That no less than thirteen of the fourteen States admitted to membership by the General Assembly are States from the vast continent of Africa ia a matter of special gratification ta my Government, to my delegation, and to me personally. The liberation movement of Airica is perhaps the greatest single political phenomenon of this century, and ft is our hope that with the spread of this movement aU the other States which are still not free will soon become independent and enter our great international family, thus bringing the United Nations still closer to the objective of universality which, as the outgoing President stated earlier today, is the basis of our efforts here. 120. The Airican States which are already Members of this Organization have shown, if, indeed, any proof was necessary, that their sense of responsibility, their sagacity in approaching complex problems and their willingness to join in the sorrows as well as the joys of the United Nations are second to none. ln recent times, by their contributions, material and otherwise, to the valuable, constructive efforts of the United Nations they have proved to the world how much the world has benefited bytheir memberslùp in this Organization. We have no doubt that the new African States which have joined us today and to which we offer a warm welcome will add in no uncertain measure to the sum total of the alreacly considerable Airican contribution to our work. 121. They, like aU States elsewhere in Europe, in America and in Asia, will certainly undergo a period of stress and difficulty which is Inevitable in the transition from colonial statua ta true independence. We have not a scintilla of doubt that our new Members will prove themselves fully worthy of the confidence the General Assembly has placed in them by unanimously admitting them to membership in the United Nations, and we have no doubt that they will play a very active raIe and enrich the United Nations by their membership. 1 convey to the Member States adroitted to membership today, on behalf of the Government and people of Ceylon, our best wishes for their success.

Mr. President, 1 should like to thank you briefly for the generous remarks you have made 123. 1 mah to summarize the tribute due ta these young nations in two words: joy and hope. AlI the peoples of Latin America rejoice because our dream of universal membership has come true and because in this great adventure of freedom we have always considered ourselves the brothers of the peoples of the Airican continent and of the new countries of Asia. We know well that independence carries with it great responsibilities, and that no stronger tics of brotherhood exist than those which link peoples working towards a common destiny. We know now that the countries of South America and the young countries of Airica are destined to share a common future. The representative of Brazil said eloquently that the race of Iberian America may be called a cosmic race (859th meeting]. We have never known any racial discrimination, and there may well be, in our sense of rhythm, in some turns of our imagination and in the way we express our feelings, traces of a precious African heritage. Moreover, we also have ta struggle against forces of nature which have always seemed unconquerable, and we are destined to couquer them for the good of manldnd. That is the cause of our joy. 124. And now 1 shall tell you what are the grounds of our hope. In the United Nations, the small Powers must always support just causes and demand strict compliance with the provisions of the Charter. Our young sister republics are thus also our new allies, who will work towards the glorious destiny of the United Nations. The United Nations welcomes them enthusiastically and with a tremor of hope.

Mr. President, no amount of words can suffice to express our joy at your election as President of this session-I dare say, this summit meeting of the United Nations. Your election is not oruy a matter of hanour to your persan and to your country, but it is a great asset to the United Nations. You not only preside over the Assembly in accordance with certain rules and procedures, but you import to this house all the noble traditions of your noble country. The braveryof your people-and how brave they are-their chivalry and gallantry, and their deep attachment to the sacred concepts of sovereignty, liberty and human dignity are all the qualities that are needed for our guidance in our deliberations. 126. Looking back for a moment at the records of the Organization ever since its establishment, we can harclly flnd an aclùevement more thrilling and more inspiring than the adoption of the resolutions on the admission of the new Members to the United Nations. For aU of us this is an historie moment, ushering in a history-making era. Its far-reaching reslÙts, no doubt, are baund to influence the future destiny of,the continent of Mrica, the course of human history and, l would emphasize, the evolution of the United Nations. 127. C0ming from Africa these nations bring to the United Nations something more than additional Members. This Organization ia not in dire need of 128. The United Nations stands in need of a new force, and the nations we have aG'mitte.sd are the vanguard of this force, to be followed b'J all peoples now fighting for their liberty and independence. We appll'....a.d their arrival after'this heroic journey. We rejoice in their admission to the Organization, and from this rostrum we send to their peoples cur heartfelt congratulations. 129. In expressing this joy, I would not fail to make a special mention of Cyprus, whose peoplehavefought gallantly for their independence. With Cyprus, its land and its people, we have ancient associations which ar.e· deeply rooted in the history of the Mediterranean and its civilization. Cyprus, we hope, shall ne more be a. base of aggression against the Arab world, but an island of peace, tranquillity and friendship. 130. This is a memorable occasion for all of us to pay warm tribute to the memory of all their heroes who fell as martyrs on the soil of Africa in defence of the liberty of their peoples. 131. The fact which should capture our attention is that these African States do come to oux' midat with fresh wounds, with glimmering sweat and with sparkling tears-the three medals in the battle for freedom. Such qualifications can revitalize the United Nations, can reinforce its Charter and can bring its objectives to realization. 132. A membership of this calibre helps to balance the imbalance whioh for a long time has existed in the United Nations. It helps to establish the equilibrium which the Unitel1 Nations has never enjoyed. The entry of the new Members cOlL1d be a milestone in the history of our Organization. 133. These nations ''lame to us at· the right time to meet the requirement of the moment, and that is what we have longed for. They come to us with an independent will, for they have fought for their independence. They come with an independent judge-- ment. for they have been the victims of dependence. They come to join their African. and Asian colleagues in the 'pursuit of a policy of positive neutrality and non-military aJ1gnment, as the last refuge for world peaoe and seourity• Lastly, they come to join the States of the Bandung Conference in striving to bring the United Nations back to its Charter so that all its potentialities may be marshalled in the battle for freedom, peace and human dignity. 134. Thus, the admission of these new Members marks .the beginning. of a new United Nations, a United Nations very different from that of 1945. The admiS13ion of the new Members highlights the emergence of a new force and points the way towards universality. 135. I emphasize universality, for it is stil1lacking. Many nations are still outside the United Nations. The admission of the African .States is a step in the right direction. The whole of Africa finally should be emancipated. Not one acre of African soil 137. Of slpecial mention in this regard is Algeria, which should no longer be dominated when the countries of Africa, one after the other, are elevated to the status of independence. It would seem a tragic paradox if France should delay the liberty and independence of Algeria, since France itself has endorsed the admission of fourteel' sister countries on the same continent. 138. This new membership should open new vistas of hope for all peoples fighting for their liberty in Asia and everywhere else in the world. The people of Malta, of Oman, and of Palestine, we hope, will soon join the Organization, fully independent and fully sovereign. In Palestine, particularly, the people are reorganizing their national ranks to emancipate the Holy Land. We trust that they will soon occupy their lllace in the United Nations as an independent State representing all the legitimate people of Palestine: Moslems, Christians and Jews alike. 139. There remains one other major issue and it is 'the last point to which I snall refer. Neither the United Nations nml:' its Members should hamper the movement for unity now prevaIent in the minds .of all African peoples. The movement may take the form of a federation, a confederation of any African system which will recognize the living realities of AfJ;ican life. Such a·union, whatever its form, should be unhampered. There should be no intervention and no interference. It should be left to its fullness. The area should be kept out of bounds for all except Africans. Such a union will doubtless reflect the solidarity of Africa and, in the memorable words of Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, Salmon P. Chase, such a union would be ttan indestructible union composed of indestructible States". Lastly. the admission of the African States invites our attention to the future of the white man in. the whole continent· of Africa. A number of States represented in this Organization, we know, have this problem very much on their minds. The moving question is: what is the destiny of the white man in Afdca after the independence of Africa? Is the white man finished? I shall not attempt to answer the question myself. It was Jan Smuts who volunteered a reply when he said: ttThe old Africa is gone, and the white races must face the situation \ whioh they themselves oreated." 140. The matter does not rest with Africa and the Africans. It lies with Europe and the Europe~ themselves. ResponsibUity for the white man istha white hlan's responsibility. It is he, not the African, who should shoulder the responsibility fully.. .

It is a great pleasure for me, Mr. President, ta convey to you the congratulations of the Haitian delegation; we are happy ta see such an outstanding personality as you presiding over the fifteenth session, which will certainly be one of the most important in the annals of our Organization. 143. On this historie day, fourteenfree and sovereign States which have newly achieved Independance have been reeeived into the great United Nations family• The Haitian Government and people, whom l have the honour ta represent here, are full of joy at being able ta welcome them as brothers. We are bound ta thirteen of these young republics by un~ breakable bonds arising out of our common ethnic origine and a cultural unity which has been neither destroyed nor weakened by centuries of history. Our forefathers, torn from our Airica-mater and transplanted ta America to replace the Indians, the unfortunate victims of exploitation, handed down ta us a treasure which we have faithfully guarded, the imperishable spirit of black Airiea, sa that at this historie moment Haiti, which was the first Negro State ta free itself from slavery, i5 singing with joy ta see the young family of the coloured peoples, bowed for so long beneath a pitiless yoke, grow ever larger. 144. Our thoughts fly ta Toussaint Louverture, the uncompromising champion of the freedom of his race, one of the pioneers of Haitian independence, who, on board the ship Le Héros carrying him to cold and solitary exile and death, said these prophetie words: "With my defeat, only the trunk of the tree of liberty of the black peoples has been eut down. It will grow again, for its roots are deep and strong." 145. Our thoughts turn also ta the great Dessalines who, oarrying the struggle on to victory, raised the flag of liberty and independence in the blazing sunlight on 1 January 1804. 146. For many years we have been the only black people to be haard; we leave it ta others ta j'ldge whether we have spoken selfishly or whether our voiee has not always been raised to defend the ideals of freedom and human brotherhood and solidarity, and in support of all peoples who were striving towards nationhood. 147. On behalf of the Government of the Republic of Haiti, 100 by Dr. François Duvallier, the spiritual leader of our nation and an internationally known expert on Mrican affaira, on bellali of the Haitian people, united in a eommon joy, and on behalf of the Haitian delegation, 1 extend our most cordial good wishes for a prosperous fnture in concord and co-operation ta the Governments and peoples of the new African States.

Fourteen new States have just been admitted to membership in the United Nations. TheBe States have Bubscribed 150. It is enormously signifioant that aU of the fourteen new cOlUltries admitted ta membership in the United Nations are young States which have endured a long period of harsh colonialist oppression and have only very recently attained independence.. For these States, membership ln the United Nations is one of the important stages in the consolidation of their political independence-one of the principal ways in which ta escape from the harsh lot of t11eir past position, and to establish co-ooperation and friendship on a basis of genuine equality with the other States of the world and with other peoples. 151. Close ta the heart of the Soviet peoples, and fully understood by them, are the concerna and aspirations of the young countries who have freed themselves from centuries-old oppression and are exerting every effort to overeome poverty and backwardness, ta banish this painful legaey of colO'"' nialism forever, and ta stand on their own feet economlc81ly. 152. We fully appreciate that, if only for these reasons, the new sovereign States are vitally concerned with the safeguarding of peace and the development of peaceful co-operation between aU countries, on the basis of full equality of rights and strict respect for the independence and sovereignty of each of them. We therefore have no doubt that this new addition to !ta ranks will help the United Nations ta become an ever more effective instrument of peace and international co-operatian. 153. The simultaneous admission of fourteen new independent States-thirteen of them Mrican countries -ta membership in the United Nations :ls a very significant event, primarily because it reflects the great changes in the life of humanity which are taking place in our time. Let UB consider what Is happening in Africa. For many deeades, the mention of Airiea ealled forth the image of a continent whieh, although very wealthy> was groaning under oppression, its population dominated by foreigners and ita territory divided up by foreig;yi oecupiers. The map of AIrica was a map of colonies. Now the African continent is squaring !ts powerful sholliders and awakening to a new, independent liie. 'l'Ile system of colonialist oppression is collapsing like Il house of cards. In one year alone, fifteen new independent States have appeared in Airioa. And the time is not far off when the dawn of freedom will break ovar the entire African continent. 154. Now a new map of Africn must be printed. On fuis new map the African lands will be designated as belonging to the peoples who have lived and worked on these lands from tirne immemorial. Such a course 155. Unfortunately, i:o. this matter a great deal remains to be d:one" But one can confidently assert that the time is a.prJrpaohing when all peoples under the colonialililt yoke villI obtain their freedom and independence and take their place in the United Nations as equals among their peers. 156. History and experience show that, while the attainm0nt of fo:rmaI independence by the former colonies is an important step, alone it is not enough; the principal task consists in achieving genuine independence, and in the first place economic inde.... penrlence, so that the new independent States oan stand economically, on their own feet. This is all the more important in that the colonialist Powers, while prepared ,to accept the formal independence of the new States, are striVing to conv~:rt the older forms of colonialist oppression into new forms which are, in essence" much the same~ They are trying in effect to continue the exploitation of these new States, their peoples and their natural resources. 157. Experience shows that, with this end in view, they are trying to install governments convenient to the colonialists, governments which will help the colonialists to pursue their former policy of colonial oppression. It is appropriate to recall this fact today, when we are welcoming new independent States whose representatives are present in this hall together with the delegations of all the other States. 158. Life is always yielding further instances of States which, having recently attainedto independence, despite all' the difficulties and obstacles placed in their path, contribute remarkable examples of peaceloving policy and co-operation in the strengthening of international peace. 159. Quite frankly, it would be no bad thing if this example of a peace-loving policy were followed by certain countries whose ruling circles, while not averse to boasting about their ancient cultu!"e and democratic traditions, in fact strive in every way to maintain the colonialist order, and look down on the peoples of Asia and Africa,~s if these peoples were immature, unable to govern themselves, and incapable of deciding their. own fate and their own affairs. 160. It is no secret thatthe successes of the popular national liberation movements are not to everyone's taste. To one accustomed to impose his will on others, the changes which these successes have wrought in the United Nations are not welcome. Some people are already baginningto regret the expansion of the United Nationl3 membership and to express the apprehension that the United Nations, with the addition of the new young States will become a politically immature body. But those who value the strengthening of peace and friendship betweenpeoples can only rejoice, sincerely, at the new addition to the United Nations' ranks. 161. The Soviet Union's position on this matter is clear. The Soviet State steadfastly pursues a policy of friendship and co-operation with the countries of ASia and Africa, .and furnishes them with disinterested help and support. In their righteous struggle, 163.':'he Soviet Union heartily welcomes the new members of the United Nations accepted today, and expresses its confidence that they will make an important contribution to our common cause of strengthening peace and international co-operation.

This is a great, historic occasion for the entire world, but even a greater moment for the peoples of the UnitedNations. The first day of this year was marked by the attainment of independence of a former Trust Territory, an event which has been followed by the attainment ~f independence of more peoples andnations. 165. In no periud of history have the peop~es of the world rejoiced with so much cause, and perhaps this occasion will remain unique in its grandeur and significance. It is not only my pleasure and privilege to welcome the new Members of the United Nations, but it is also a great honour to join the voice of Afghanistan with that of other Members in this most hearty and most sincere welcome. 166. It is also a special privilege for me to speak on behalf of some of Asia's great nations and Afghanistan's great friends-Iran, Iraq, and Japan. 167. We are very happy to have seen this day arr'Lve, for throughout the struggle of these new Members for independence, we have always supported their cause with a hope that shall be fulfiUed. Therefore, the fulfilment of their aspirat10nsis the fulfilment of our own aspirations. In the joyful thoughts that we have at this moment, one is most strongly attached to the success of all dependent peoples whose struggles for independence have not yet come to the same happy end. .This thought is most overwhelming in our minds; hut stronger than our sentiments is not only our hope, but our deep and unchangeable conviction that one day the world will be truly free, a place of beauty and joy for mankind, and that the United Nations will be a gathering place for all peoples and nations of the world. 168. The entry into the United Nations of the new Members means the entry into force of thli.\ universal principle of the equali~i 'Uld dignity of man. This event took place at a time wnb~ the United Nations had less power to terminate the domination of one uation over another. No one can deny that the dependent peo~le will have more support than ever before by reason of the j,ncrease in the number of independent nations in our Organization. 170. Allow me, Mr. President, to congratulate you not only on your election as President of the General Assembly at this session, but aIso on the fact that fuis great event has taken place under your presidency.

Mr. President, let me begin by offering you the congratulations of the United States on your election to the high post of President ofthe General Assembly. By your past distinguished services to this Organization, you have earned our confidence and respect. We wish you every success. 172. The United States wholeheartedly welcomes the admission into the United Nations of the newly independent States of Africa and the State of Cyprus. Their achievement of Independance represents a dramatic expansion of freedom. This strikes a responsive note in the hearts of the people of the United States, for it was less than 200 years ago that the United States achieved its own independence, and we do not forget that our national existence stems from a declaration stating that aIl men are created equal and that they have a God-given right to certain basic freedoms. :L73. I need hardly add that with freedom comes responsibility; responsibility for national development as well as for participation in the international development of the world community. Just asfreedom for individuals is an essential for a free nation, so the freedom of individual nations is an easential 'Part of a healthy world community. 174. By entering the United Nations, these nations are taking on a share of the task of maintaining and expanding liberty in the world. 175. With the conclusion last night of the emergency special session on the Congo, the United Nations has successfully met a severe test on anissue of particular importance for the new St41tes. The United Nations is now in a position to deal even more effectively with matters of vital concern to peace and security and to the welfare of its Members. The Unit~d Nations, by its very nature, is in a unique position to help newly developing States to attain stable and democratic government with higher living standards for their peoples. The United States will continue to support and co-operate with the United Nations effort. We are confident that the admission of the new States today marks the beginning of a long and fruitful collaboration of these countries in tile work of the United Nations. As one of their new partners, we exteIid to them our warmest welcome.

Mr. President, let me begin by congratulating you, on behalf of my delegation, on your election to the high position of President of this Assembly. Your devotion to the United Nations cause, your competence and the impartiality and sense of justice which you bring to the task of presiding over our discussions are weIl known to us. We know that you will make a valuable and effective contribution to the session which is opening today. 178. We feel sure that there is a deep significance in the fact that, no sooner had these States achieved their national sovereignty, than their Governments a11 decided that one of their first acts should be to indicate thelr desire to participate in the work of the United Nations and solemnly to recognize the Purposes and Principles of the Charter, accepting aU the rights and responsibilities involved. 179. We feel also tilat much encouragement is to be drawn from the unanimous welcome which our Organization immediately extended to you, thus ranouncing the hesitations that have impeded Us growtb. in the pasto We are sure that you are going to give us abundant proof that, by taking this Just and unanimous decision, which does us as much credit as it does you, the United Nations will, with the growth in membership, increase its possibilities of working in a spirit of mutual respect and brotherly co-operation in the interest of our common future. 180. We are deeply and sincerely happy to be able, side by side with you and with the advantage of your valuable contribution, to devote ourselves to tilis far-sighted and painstaking endeavour, to the continuaI reconciling of different national interests whlch the peaceful development of the international community towards the universally desired reign of justice and peace requires of us aIl, for our own and in the common good. 181. Most of you come from the great African continent· so rich in potential and promise, whose many nations will now be able to devote their efforts, their energies and their ambitions to the great national tasks that the world expects of them. We, for our part, will do everything in our power to facilitate these tasks and to co-operate with you in attaining our joint objectives. 182. Lastly, we welcome the presence of the Republic of Cyprus, the beneficiary of the three great heritages of Greece, Christianity and Islam, each of which has contributed so much to our respective civilizations and taught us the value of suah Ideals as humanism, moderation, wisdom and faith, Ideals we must aIl be guided by as we start the work of the fifteenth session.

Before we adjourn, 1 should like to inform the Assembly that the representatives of the Republic of the Ivory Coast, which became a Member of the United Nations this afternoon, have nQw arrived in New York and, 1 have been advised, are present at this moment in the hall. In order that the Assembly may have an opportunity to eJC:tend its welcome to the representatives of tIlis new Member State, as 1 am sure it would wish to do by