S/PV.10008 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite Ms. Bintou Keita, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to participate in this meeting. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I wish to draw the attention of Council members to document S/2025/590, which contains the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I give the floor to Ms. Keita. Ms. Keita: I am grateful for the opportunity to brief the Council. Peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is still mostly a promise. There are discrepancies between the progress that we are seeing on paper and the reality that we are observing on the ground, which continues to be marred by violence. (spoke in French) At the outset, allow me to underscore the progress noted since 27 June. A number of significant milestones were reached. Countries and regional organizations — the United States, Qatar, the African Union, Togo, the East African Community and the Southern African Development Community — took tangible steps for peace. The parties embarked on peace talks. Following the signature of the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda on 27 June, two meetings of the Joint Oversight Committee and the Joint Security Coordination Mechanism took place. The Doha talks resumed, culminating in the signing of a Declaration of Principles between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Alliance Fleuve Congo/Mouvement du 23 mars (AFC/ M23) in July. The African Union facilitators met women, community leaders and civil society representatives — all crucial actors for an inclusive peace. Nonetheless, peace is taking time to materialize on the ground. Since June, the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) recorded 1,087 civilian deaths in acts of violence in Ituri and North Kivu. That toll is mounting by the day. A national dialogue initiative has taken shape in the country. It is being spearheaded by the main religious faiths and has President Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo’s support. It has already borne fruit: a road map published in August marks a watershed. Opening up civic space and bolstering social cohesion are essential; otherwise, the 2028 general elections will not enjoy a climate of security and trust. I call on all the political leaders to be inclusive, to condemn hate speech irrespective of its source and to choose dialogue. Likewise, I urge the population to refrain from such language and to not disseminate disinformation and misinformation. On 21 February, the Council sent a clear message to all parties through the adoption of resolution 2773 (2025). In particular, the resolution called for an immediate and unconditional cessation of hostilities and urged the AFC/M23 to stop fighting, to withdraw from Goma, Bukavu and all other controlled areas and to end its parallel Administration. Eight months later, the key provisions of resolution 2773 (2025) remained largely unimplemented. Despite the Council’s request, the AFC/M23 have continued to pursue a logic of territorial expansion and consolidation. Since taking Goma, the AFC/M23 have replaced formal institutions with alternative structures, leaving institutions across North Kivu and South Kivu provinces weakened. More than 7,000 new recruits have undergone military training over the past seven months in AFC/M23 camps. From June onwards, MONUSCO has been receiving numerous requests for personal protection in AFC/M23-controlled territories. In Rutshuru territory, July was the deadliest month since the group’s resurgence at the end of November 2021. This underscores the persisting gap between the decisions of the Council and the realities on the ground. I call upon the Council and all partners to bring about a permanent ceasefire and a durable peace agreement that will establish stability in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Only then will commitments be translated into meaningful progress for the people. MONUSCO, for its part, remains fully committed to supporting ongoing peace efforts and stands ready to play its role in supporting the implementation of a permanent ceasefire, provided it receives a clear mandate from the Council and the resources to match expectations. (spoke in French) However, violence is not the preserve of a single armed group. The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) have also continued their attacks in North Kivu and Ituri. Linked to the Islamic State Central Africa Province, the ADF have executed 300 civilians in the past three months. The ADF target solemn gatherings — religious services, funerals. Men, women and children are being killed, injured or abducted. Also in Ituri, clashes between the Convention pour la révolution populaire (CRP) and the Congolese army have added to the heavy toll. Attacks by the Coopérative pour le développement du Congo (CODECO) persist, and unfortunately civilians are trapped. On Sunday night, MONUSCO sheltered 3,500 people in its Jina base after clashes between the CRP and the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC). In this context, I urge all armed groups participating in the Aru 2 peace dialogue in Ituri to honour their commitments and release the 400 children they are still holding. In South Kivu, the human rights situation remains deeply worrisome. Although this province has not fallen under MONUSCO’s operational mandate since July 2024, the situation developing there requires the Council’s attention. The Wazalendo and allied armed groups continue to operate with total impunity, and serious human rights violations and abuses persist. MONUSCO continues to document serious violations and abuses, including conflict-related sexual violence. However, we know that not all cases are being reported. In areas controlled by the AFC/M23, restrictions on freedom of movement further reduce our ability to conduct investigations on the ground. The United Nations Joint Human Rights Office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo must be able to access those areas in order to monitor the human rights situation, in accordance with the mandate given by the Council. In this regard, I encourage the deployment of the independent commission of inquiry, for which funding is still pending, without delay. This challenging environment restricts the Mission’s ability to implement its mandate. Obstacles undermine our protection efforts, especially in Goma and other areas under AFC/M23 control. Fuel and food supplies are delayed. Many troop rotations are still blocked. Exhausted contingents remain in place for several months. Electricity and water cuts cripple bases and life-support systems. Goma airport is still closed. It is essential that contingent rotations resume in full, that movement restrictions be lifted and that access to critical infrastructure be guaranteed. Without these conditions in Goma, MONUSCO cannot fully deliver the protection mandate entrusted to it by the Council in this area. Humanitarian actors also have their own struggles: roadblocks, shrinking access and attacks. Here lies another critical discrepancy: civilians in urgent need of assistance, while aid delivery is constrained. Despite this complex setting, MONUSCO continues to protect civilians where possible. Our bases shelter communities under imminent threat. On 16 September, at least 600 women, men, girls and boys took shelter in trenches at the MONUSCO base in Drodro during clashes between CODECO and Zaire. Joint patrols with the FARDC in North Kivu, along the Beni-Erengeti route, deterred armed groups and increased protection for villagers and displaced people. Beyond these immediate responses, MONUSCO’s broader presence also provides communities with a greater sense of safety. During the most recent visit of the Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations, Mr. Jean-Pierre Lacroix, to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo in September, we witnessed first-hand how the Mission’s presence helps contain other attacks and offers communities much-needed respite. Peacekeepers are engaged in clearing explosive hazards — practical steps that make daily life safer for the population. The United Nations Joint Human Rights Office handled more than 500 protection cases this year. It safeguarded journalists, lawyers and human rights defenders. It assisted almost 400 victims of conflict- related sexual violence in Goma and Bukavu. Local partners ensured the continuity of psychosocial support. The Mission activated hotlines in conflict-affected areas. Victims can now have access to urgent care. Beyond immediate protection, we see other signs of progress. Consultations between the Mission and the leadership of the Uganda People’s Defence Force have improved coordination and reduced risks of overlap in operations. With MONUSCO’s support, 12 foreign ex-combatants affiliated with the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda and the Nyatura armed group and their 17 dependents were repatriated. In Djugu and Irumu, 300 ex-combatants and 622 community members now have better chances for long-term reintegration through the Mission’s support projects. MONUSCO also supports communities directly. In Bunia, the women-led Collectif des femmes de l’Ituri brought some Hema and Lendu communities together. Thanks to their mediation, tensions eased, and both groups now share grazing lands and markets without incident. This is fragile progress, but progress that matters. This model deserves support and replication. On security sector reform, I welcome the new police programming law, signed in July by President Tshisekedi Tshilombo. It is a $2.55 billion plan to professionalize and modernize the Congolese National Police by 2030. The law calls for major investments in infrastructure, recruitment, training and capacity-building. Despite challenges, MONUSCO also supports judicial authorities. In Lubero, North Kivu, we established mobile courts. Twenty FARDC soldiers were convicted of sexual violence  — a step towards greater accountability. But peace will not last if the underlying drivers of conflict are not addressed. Illegal mining, looting of natural resources and illicit financial flows continue to fuel violence. These activities must be stopped. The security situation is becoming increasingly complex. As the world marks 25 years since resolution 1325 (2000), Congolese women must be part of the solution. Their voices and their contributions are essential to building a lasting peace in the east of the country and in the Great Lakes region. MONUSCO’s contribution, while significant, cannot by itself meet all the pressing needs on the ground. In a context marked by a new Ebola epidemic in Kasai Province, the humanitarian crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has reached a critical threshold. To date, the humanitarian response plan has received only 15.2 per cent of the funding required, compared with 41 per cent at the same time last year. The withdrawal of some major donors has led to a collapse in funding. As a result, more than 27.7 million people are food insecure, including 5.7 million in Ituri and North Kivu. In some places, aid has been suspended. Fewer people will receive assistance. For others, rations will be reduced. Maternal mortality is rising. The gap between vital needs and available resources is widening. (spoke in English) The many gaps I have described today have a negative impact on the population. Closing the gaps is not optional. It is the only way to protect lives and give peace a chance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Resolutions matter only if they are matched by concrete actions on the ground. If we fail to close these gaps, millions of civilians will continue to pay the price.

I thank Ms. Keita for her briefing. I shall now give the floor to those Council members who wish to make statements.

At the outset, I would like to thank the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Ms. Bintou Keita, for her clear and precise briefing. I would also like to reiterate France’s support for her work and that of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). As we heard, the situation on the ground continues to deteriorate, despite the agreements reached through diplomatic processes, which we welcome and support. Attacks by armed groups against civilians continue, in addition to violations of international humanitarian law and human rights. A few figures illustrate the urgency of the humanitarian and human rights situation: 7 million internally displaced persons; 1.2 million refugees in neighbouring countries; 28 million people suffering from malnutrition, including 5 million children; and a 16 per cent increase in sexual violence in the first half of 2025 according to government authorities, a third of whom are girls under the age of 16. More generally, as Ms. Keita recalled, there are massive and systematic violations of human rights. This should not be a source of resignation, but rather a renewed mobilization of the Council in support of peace efforts. France once again welcomes the involvement of the United States, Qatar, Togo, the African Union and subregional organizations, as well as their facilitators in these efforts. I would like to emphasize three points today. First, the conclusion of an unconditional, effective and verifiable ceasefire is the priority. MONUSCO is expected to play an operational role in verifying such a ceasefire and in supporting the implementation of peace agreements. MONUSCO is the only international force already present on the ground with the relevant capabilities Secondly, the full implementation of resolution 2773 (2025) remains an obligation which is binding on all parties. This resolution outlines the main parameters for resolving the conflict, namely the withdrawal of the Rwanda Defence Force from Congolese territory, the neutralization of the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda and the end of support for armed groups, including Rwanda Defence Force support for the Mouvement du 23 mars (M23). France encourages all parties to uphold, in good faith, their commitments and to make concrete progress in their implementation. We also support the ongoing talks between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the M23 in Doha, with a view to reaching a comprehensive peace agreement in line with the objective of restoring State authority in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is non-negotiable. The M23’s ongoing territorial expansion and the establishment of illegal parallel administrations must cease immediately. Thirdly, France reiterates its full support for MONUSCO and for the implementation of its mandate to protect civilians, with necessary resources to fulfil that mandate. We call for the immediate lifting of all impediments to MONUSCO’s freedom of action. The renewal of MONUSCO’s mandate in December will be an important step. We call on the Secretary-General to include in his next quarterly report recommendations on the implementation of the mandate, taking into account developments on the ground, as well as on any adjustments necessary to ensure the Mission’s performance. Finally, we welcome the progress mentioned by Ms. Bintou Keita with regard to the national dialogue and the contribution made by civil society and religious denominations. We support MONUSCO’s good offices role in this regard. In conclusion, let me repeat that the complexity of the situation should not deter us, but rather strengthen our support. There is an urgent need to find a solution to the conflict and restore hope to the civilian populations in the region. That is why France will bring together next month, in Paris, all those who can address the humanitarian emergency and bring peace initiatives closer into line with each other. As President Emmanuel Macron said in his address to the General Assembly, we do not have the right to be discouraged.

I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council, namely Algeria, Sierra Leone and Somalia, and my own country, Guyana (A3+). We thank the Secretary-General for his comprehensive report on major developments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (S/2025/590). We commend the Special Representative, Ms. Bintou Keita, and the men and women of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) for their continued service under difficult circumstances. We also thank Special Representative Keita for her comprehensive briefing. The A3+ welcomes the recent positive political developments, including the Government reshuffle by President Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, which broadened political inclusivity by incorporating opposition and civil society members into strategic positions. We also take positive note of the road map for an inclusive national dialogue, with the involvement of religious denominations. These initiatives, if fully implemented, will help to strengthen governance, trust and national ownership of peace processes. We remain deeply concerned by the alarming increase in violence against civilians, with a 122 per cent rise in fatalities attributed mainly to the M23, the Allied Democratic Forces and other armed groups. MONUSCO’s efforts to expand patrols, strengthen early warning systems and shelter displaced civilians are commendable, but restrictions on its freedom of movement undermine its ability to protect communities. We echo the Secretary-General’s call for all parties, particularly armed groups, to cease attacks on civilians and to lift restrictions on MONUSCO’s operations. The A3+ is equally troubled by the human rights situation. MONUSCO’s documentation of more than 1,100 violations, including summary executions, abductions and sexual violence, is deeply alarming. We stress the importance of ensuring accountability for all perpetrators, strengthening judicial institutions and ensuring the protection of journalists, women and children. The humanitarian situation remains dire. With 5.3 million people displaced, 27.7 million facing food insecurity and outbreaks of cholera and Ebola, the crisis demands urgent and sustained attention. Yet humanitarian funding remains woefully inadequate, with less than 15 per cent of the required resources secured. The A3+ calls for increased international solidarity and contributions to bridge this gap. We also reiterate the urgent need for safe and unhindered humanitarian access to all affected communities. On stabilization and reforms, we commend MONUSCO’s support for the disarmament, reintegration and vocational training of ex-combatants, as well as the Government’s progress on security sector reform, notably the $2.5 billion Police Programming Act. These are important steps towards building durable institutions that can deliver peace dividends to the Congolese people. We stress the urgency of reopening Goma and Kavumu airports to enable safe and unhindered humanitarian access. The closure of these facilities has severely disrupted aid delivery at a time when millions face displacement, food insecurity and disease outbreaks. Ensuring rapid and secure humanitarian corridors is vital to reaching affected populations with life-saving assistance. The A3+ recognizes MONUSCO’s achievements and efforts despite severe operational challenges, budgetary cuts, restricted movement and the closure of Goma airport. The Mission continues to play a critical role in protecting civilians, supporting political processes and enabling stabilization. The A3+ stresses that any drawdown or reconfiguration must be conditions-based, responsible and aligned with progress on the ground to avoid creating a security vacuum. In this regard, we welcome the meetings that Under-Secretary-General Lacroix had with President Tshisekedi, other senior Government officials and representatives of opposition political parties in Kinshasa between 3 and 7 September. We are gravely concerned about the severe financial constraints facing MONUSCO, which risk undermining its capacity to deliver on its core mandate of civilian protection and support for political processes and stabilization. We therefore urge all Member States to meet We also welcome the emphasis on the women and peace and security agenda, in particular the advocacy for the inclusion of women in peace processes. Their full participation is essential to achieving sustainable peace and reconciliation. In the light of the Secretary-General’s recommendations, the A3+ wishes to highlight the following points. First, parties must fully implement the Washington and Doha agreements, and the Council should lend its full support to AU, EAC and SADC efforts for the harmonization of all peace initiatives. Secondly, MONUSCO must be granted unrestricted freedom of movement, and its protection of civilians mandate must be adequately resourced. Thirdly, the international community must urgently close the humanitarian funding gap and scale up support for displaced populations, in particular women and children. Fourthly, accountability for human rights violations must be pursued without exception, with strengthened support for national justice and rule of law institutions. Fifthly and lastly, illegal mineral exploitation and other root causes of the conflict must be addressed through effective governance, responsible resource management and strengthened regional cooperation. In conclusion, the A3+ reaffirms its unwavering solidarity with the people and the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and calls for respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country. The A3+ will continue to support all efforts to end violence, uphold human rights and ensure that peace agreements translate into meaningful progress on the ground. The Council must remain seized of the matter and committed to reinforcing African-led solutions and to accompanying the Congolese people on their path to lasting peace, stability and development.

I thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General Keita for the briefing and welcome the representatives of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda to this meeting. Recently, the security situation in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo has remained tense, and the humanitarian situation has continued to deteriorate. The international community should spare no effort to swiftly alleviate the suffering of millions of people in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and bring them the dawn of lasting peace. First, we call for a cessation of hostilities. Recently, the intensity of the conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo has eased. However, the Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23) is continuing to step up its military deployment and is occupying more towns. Sporadic exchanges of fire have claimed hundreds of innocent lives. China reiterates that resolution 2773 (2025) must be implemented, acts that harm civilians and violate international humanitarian law must end, and those who indiscriminately claim innocent lives must be held accountable. All parties must make a lasting ceasefire their overriding priority and cease any actions that could escalate tensions. Secondly, we call for dialogue and negotiations to be conducted in good faith. Recently, the implementation of the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda has been lagging, with future prospects looking uncertain. China encourages the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and other parties to demonstrate political will and honour their Thirdly, we call for the humanitarian crisis to be alleviated. The humanitarian situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of the most pressing global crises. Protracted conflicts and turmoil have caused massive civilian displacement. The parties concerned are obligated to ensure that the humanitarian corridors remain safe and unhindered. Obstructing humanitarian relief operations runs counter to international law. The humanitarian response for the Democratic Republic of the Congo is facing a huge shortfall in funding. The international community, and traditional donors in particular, should provide more financial support to meet the basic survival needs of the local population. Fourthly, we call for the enforcement of peacekeeping mandates. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) is still under movement restrictions, which have severely hindered supplies in materiel and the rotation of personnel, endangering the supply of water, electricity and fuel. MONUSCO, a peacekeeping operation authorized by the Council, is performing important tasks such as the protection of civilians. China calls on the relevant parties to lift restrictions on MONUSCO and to stop threats to peacekeepers to ensure that MONUSCO’s mandate is implemented effectively. The Council should consider promptly adjusting MONUSCO’s mandate and deployment to enable it to better adapt to the evolving circumstances on the ground. For quite some time, Special Representative of the Secretary-General Keita has been leading MONUSCO in overcoming difficulties and actively performing its duties. China will continue to support the Special Representative of the Secretary- General and MONUSCO in their efforts to promote security and stability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. As a good friend of the countries in the region, China remains committed to working with all parties and to striving to restore peace and stability to the region and bring it development and prosperity.

I thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General Keita for her briefing today and for her leadership of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). The United States supports MONUSCO and the role that it plays in advancing peace and stability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In that vein, we, too, strongly condemn the continued obstruction of MONUSCO’s operations, in particular by the Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) and the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) in North Kivu. Such actions, we agree, are absolutely unacceptable. They undermine MONUSCO’s mandate and prolong the suffering of the people in the region. We, too, demand that the M23 and the RDF cease the obstruction of MONUSCO immediately — something to which they have committed themselves under the Washington and Doha processes and which will allow MONUSCO to carry out its work without interference. The United States remains committed to the implementation of the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda  — the Washington accords  — which President Trump is proud to have facilitated just this year. This implementation is under way, with regular meetings now of the Joint Security Coordination Mechanism and Joint Oversight Committee established by these accords and by this Agreement. The United States expects the As we prepare for MONUSCO’s upcoming mandate renewal, the United States is committed to working with fellow Council members to ensure that the Mission’s mandate is fit for purpose and that the Mission reflects the realities of the current operating environment. This will enable the Mission to become more efficient. It needs to become more effective, and it needs to eliminate some of the unnecessary expenses and redundancies, thereby creating better value for the contributing nations and enabling it to better support peace, stability and the aspirations of the people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

I also want to thank Special Representative Keita for her briefing today, and I welcome the representatives of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda to the Chamber. We have heard both encouraging developments and grave warnings. Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo remains at a turning point. What is at stake now, to move from peace as a promise to a sustained peace, is credibility: credible dialogue, credible commitments, credible restraint on the ground and credible protection for civilians. Recent months brought notable steps in mediation efforts: the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, the Doha Declaration of Principles and the establishment of the Joint Security Coordination Mechanism and Joint Oversight Committee. We welcome all these steps. They must be implemented in lockstep and harmonized with African-led efforts under the African Union, Southern African Development Community and East African Community track, so that political understandings translate into verifiable security measures. The architecture is being established — harmonization will be the key for results that are consistent, credible and sustained. And this raises a very important point — credible and good-faith conduct by conflict actors. Parties entering mediation must demonstrate it in deeds, measured by behaviour, not only in communiqués. That includes withdrawal of forces and the neutralization of the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda. True peace shows in restraint, not expansion. Yet ongoing actions by the Mouvement du 23 mars (M23), reportedly supported by the Rwanda Defence Force, are not compatible with de-escalation. Expanding territorial control and deepening parallel administrative structures erode the very confidence needed to sustain credible dialogue. Meanwhile, civilians continue to bear the heaviest burden. The latest reporting period recorded a rise in civilian fatalities, largely from M23 and Allied Democratic Forces operations. The humanitarian situation is among the most severe globally, yet access is obstructed and humanitarian operations crippled by insecurity, restrictions and the continued closure of vital infrastructure, such as Goma airport. Our position remains clear: we condemn in the strongest terms the targeting of civilians and the deliberate obstruction of humanitarian activities. Impunity cannot prevail. Accountability must form part of any credible settlement. A sustainable way forward includes credible national dialogue, inclusive by design and anchored in accountability. We join those welcoming the steps in The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) continues to have a vital role in protecting civilians and supporting conditions for progress. Yet the Mission is systematically undermined: freedom of movement denied in areas outside government control; water and electricity to its bases cut; fuel and resupply obstructed; the closure of Goma airport crippling operations. These restrictions are unacceptable. They strip credibility from peace efforts and must be lifted without delay. In conclusion, the Security Council’s expectations are clear, particularly through resolution 2773 (2025): cease hostilities, ensure full and unhindered access for MONUSCO and humanitarian actors, implement commitments in good faith and place civilians at the centre. Anything less prolongs suffering and undermines the credibility of peace.

Let me also thank Special Representative Keita and, through her, the brave women and men of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), who continue to work under extremely challenging circumstances in support of peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I would also like to welcome the participation of the representatives of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in this meeting. Allow me to raise four key points. First, the situation in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo remains critical. As we have heard today, the Mouvement du 23 mar (M23) continues to displace, rape, wound and kill civilians across the region. Denmark condemns in the strongest terms the repeated summary executions by M23 in Rutshuru territory in North Kivu and their military operations in Ituri. We must, however, remain cognizant that the violence against civilians is not only committed by M23 but a myriad of armed groups, including also the Wazalendo and the Allied Democratic Forces. These reported acts of violence are not only cruel and brutal — they are in clear violation of international humanitarian law. They must cease immediately. All parties in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo must protect civilians and comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law. We call for all perpetrators, regardless of their affiliation or nationality, to be held accountable. We reiterate our call on Rwanda to withdraw its troops from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and to end all support for the M23. We equally call on the Democratic Republic of the Congo to cease all support for the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda and associated militias. Secondly, this insecurity is taking place against the backdrop of a worsening humanitarian situation, where sexual and gender-based violence is rampant, where millions of civilians are facing acute food insecurity, where limited aid and medical supplies in the region are regularly looted and delivery is subjected to severe access restrictions. All the while, as these needs soar, international assistance is in alarming decline. It is urgent that we reverse this trend immediately. Thirdly, it is almost a truism, but it bears repeating today: there can be no military solution to this conflict. Political leadership is needed to achieve a political solution. Denmark supports the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, signed in June and facilitated by the United States, and the Declaration of Principles signed in Doha in July. But to the civilians caught in the crossfire of this brutal conflict, these agreements need to become more than words on paper. They need to be implemented, translated into safety, shelter and Fourthly and finally, at this critical juncture, we recognize the need to maintain the presence of a strong and credible actor with the capacity to protect civilians and support the Democratic Republic of the Congo Government on the path towards regional stability. MONUSCO is this actor. To many, MONUSCO offers a lifeline, protecting civilians in areas under or out of the control of the M23. However, it must be able to fulfil its mandate freely. Regrettably, as we heard several times this morning, this is currently not the case. The Mission’s freedom of movement is curtailed and impeded by the M23. Its access to basic services is similarly obstructed. The closure of Goma airport has prevented troop rotations. This is unacceptable. Denmark calls on all parties to observe the provisions of resolution 2773 (2025) in this regard. In closing, recent political progress has offered a rare window of opportunity for peace in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Around this table, it is our responsibility to build on this momentum, to support MONUSCO on the ground and to demand compliance with our own resolutions and an end to the violence. Denmark stands ready to work with all Council members to this end.

I thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General Bintou Keita for her comprehensive briefing. I welcome the participation of the representatives of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda in the meeting. The situation in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo remains deeply troubling. Civilians continue to bear the brunt of violence. The mass killing of more than 300 civilians by the Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) in Rutshuru, in July, is shocking and must be condemned by the Council. The perpetrators, their sponsors and their enablers must be held accountable. Pakistan welcomed the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, facilitated by the United States, as well as the Doha Declaration of Principles earlier concluded between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the M23, facilitated by Qatar. Alongside the laudable African-led processes, these initiatives provide important openings for peace and stability. But agreements on paper alone are not enough. They must also be implemented in good faith. The same applies to resolution 2773 (2025), which calls for an immediate and unconditional cessation of hostilities; the protection of civilians; and full, safe and unhindered access for the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) and humanitarian personnel. All armed groups, in particular the M23 and the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda, must lay down their arms and join credible disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes. External interference and support must stop. The M23 must cease hostilities, withdraw from occupied areas, dismantle parallel structures and engage earnestly in dialogue. We must also address worrisome contradictions concerning MONUSCO. On the one hand, the Washington, Doha and African tracks rely heavily on MONUSCO for ceasefire support, verification, DDR and protection of civilians. On the other hand, the Mission’s capacity is being reduced. Of the 11,500 authorized troops, fewer than 9,900 remain. Owing to the recent budget cuts, 755 troops and 40 military experts are being repatriated. Further reductions are envisaged under contingency planning. This consistent weakening of MONUSCO is not sustainable and is undermining The Secretary-General’s recent report on MONUSCO (S/2025/590) makes it clear that restrictions on MONUSCO’s movement by the Alliance Fleuve Congo/M23; the closure of Goma and Kavumu airports; disruptions to power, water and banking; and denial of flight clearances are crippling the Mission’s ability to protect civilians and execute its mandates. Urgent steps must be taken to restore MONUSCO’s ability to carry out its mandate. We therefore call for the immediate reopening of the airports in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, guarantees of freedom of movement and the facilitation of overdue troop rotations and medical evacuation operations. Pakistan has a long and proud history of contributing to peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our commitment to the people and Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo remains strong. For peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we reiterate that resolution 2773 (2025) must be implemented; restrictions on MONUSCO should be lifted and the mission strengthened; the guns must fall silent; unfettered humanitarian access must be restored; and the war economy dismantled. If we fail to act, the window for a political settlement will close under the weight of rising civilian suffering and a shrinking United Nations capacity to respond.

We wish to thank the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Ms. Bintou Keita, for her briefing. We welcome the participation of representatives of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda in this meeting. Almost one month ago, we met in this Chamber during an emergency session (see S/PV.9985), owing to an ongoing deterioration in the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s eastern provinces and the significant upsurge in the number of civilians killed by illegal armed groups. Regrettably, despite international efforts to help to stabilize the crisis and find a diplomatic solution, the situation on the ground has not improved. Hostilities have not ceased, the humanitarian crisis is escalating and civilians in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as people from other countries in the Great Lakes region, continue to suffer the consequences of the conflict and the atrocities committed by numerous illegal armed groups. It is with particular concern that we are following the developments in South Kivu, where the city of Uvira, located near the border with Burundi, faces a threat of encirclement and attacks by the Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) group. Further escalation in this area could result in heavy bloodshed, lead to a qualitative deterioration in the humanitarian situation and undermine the effectiveness of international mediation efforts. This is unacceptable. It is time for a ceasefire and for us to focus on concrete steps aimed at resolving the crisis and ensuring normal living conditions for civilians throughout the region. The core principles for this are self-evident and require no reinvention, duplication in new formats or endless fine-tuning while the guns are still firing. They are set out in resolution 2773 (2025), which the Council unanimously adopted, listed as mutual obligations in the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, signed in Washington on 27 June, and agreed to through the Qatari-led mediation in Doha. Implementing resolution 2773 (2025) and constructively adhering to political agreements, with due regard for the key concerns of all parties involved, is the only viable alternative to endless bloodshed. Clearly, an indispensable prerequisite on this path is the termination of all government engagement with illegal armed groups, including both the M23 and the The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) is one of the key instruments of international assistance for the protection of civilians. We support MONUSCO and its leadership. Nonetheless, recent events have shown that the Mission’s potential to protect civilians is being held hostage by escalating inter-State tensions and the status quo imposed in areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo occupied by the M23. This potential needs to be restored or adapted to new realities. In conclusion, we wish to emphasize yet again that the well-being of the population and economic prosperity cannot be ensured in a climate of mistrust or of open confrontation with neighbours. We are confident that, sooner or later, the parties to the tragic events in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo will come to realize this, particularly those responsible for making fateful decisions. Russia will further support the comprehensive settlement process in the region, assist efforts aimed at resolving the crisis in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and foster mutually beneficial relations with our partners in this part of Africa.

Allow me to begin by expressing our gratitude to Special Representative of the Secretary-General Bintou Keita for her briefing and to all MONUSCO staff, who, with great dedication, are pursuing their task in a highly challenging environment. We also welcome the Permanent Representatives of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, who are with us today and honour us with their participation. We acknowledge the recent diplomatic progress, in particular the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, the Doha Declaration of Principles between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) and the decision to unite efforts under a joint African Union, East African Community and Southern African Development Community mechanism. These steps mark a real opportunity to secure a permanent ceasefire and to make progress on the return of displaced persons and socioeconomic reintegration. However, the sluggishness of the follow-through is a cause for concern. Compliance with resolution 2773 (2025) is crucial, as is supporting these commitments with verifiable timetables, oversight mechanisms and clear consequences for non-compliance. We are deeply alarmed at the figures reported: more than 1,000 civilian lives have been claimed since June, including in the massacre in Bwisha, and millions are displaced and facing food insecurity. We roundly condemn the atrocities committed by the M23, the Allied Democratic Forces and other armed groups and the violations perpetrated by State actors. We demand an immediate end to the violence against the civilian population, full compliance with international humanitarian law and the lifting of all restrictions affecting the work of MONUSCO and humanitarian actors. There is an urgent need to reopen the Goma and Kavumu airports so as to restore safe corridors and bridge the shortfall in the funding of the humanitarian response plan, which stands at a mere 15 per cent. The protection of humanitarian personnel and assets must represent an absolute red line. The mandate that the Council conferred on MONUSCO is clear: protect civilians, support political solutions, promote human rights and ensure a responsible transition. Nevertheless, the Mission is facing unacceptable impediments We are aware that peace will not be sustainable unless the drivers of the conflict are tackled. It is crucial to cut off financial flows to armed groups by combatting illicit trafficking in minerals, strengthening traceability mechanisms and regional cooperation. The Council must be prepared to take targeted measures against those who finance, plan or carry out grave violations and, at the same time, must consistently protect communities that depend on small-scale mining. We also recognize the importance of mainstreaming the women and peace and security agenda and strengthening child protection. We are pleased to see women in the reshuffled Cabinet and in politically significant processes. Their participation must, however, be substantive, not merely cosmetic. Comprehensive care for survivors of sexual violence must be enhanced, and resources ensured for medical, psychosocial and justice services. We also welcome the pledges to release more than 400 children recruited in Ituri, and we call for them to be honoured forthwith. Peace and stability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are essential to the security of the entire region. Panama reaffirms its strong support for diplomatic efforts, the Congolese authorities’ commitment and MONUSCO’s endeavours. We believe that, with sustained political will, respect for human rights and consistent international support, it is possible to transform hope into lasting peace.

I thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General Keita for briefing us today, and I welcome the participation of the representatives of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda. I will make three points. First, the United Kingdom commends Qatar, the African Union and the United States for their leadership and facilitation of negotiations between the parties in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We welcome the second meeting in Washington, D.C., this month, of the Joint Security Coordination Mechanism between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda. We urge all parties to continue to engage in negotiations in good faith to secure a durable political solution. The parties must implement their commitments in full and comply with resolution 2773 (2025). This includes the withdrawal of the Rwanda Defence Force from the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s territory. Secondly, we condemn violence by armed groups in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Recent months have seen a significant increase in attacks against civilians, particularly at the hands of the Allied Democratic Forces and the Mouvement du 23 mars (M23). The sharp increase in sexual violence in 2025, as set out in the Secretary-General’s report (S/2025/590), is of particular concern. We urge all parties to protect civilians and to facilitate humanitarian access to vulnerable populations in accordance with international humanitarian law. The United Kingdom is proud to continue supporting humanitarian efforts in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo through the provision of approximately $80 million of life-saving assistance this financial year. Thirdly, the United Kingdom emphasizes its full support for the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) and its mandate, agreed by the Council. Continued obstructions to MONUSCO’s operations, in particular in areas occupied by the M23, are unacceptable. We encourage all States to make clear to the M23 and all parties that Council decisions must be complied with. And we encourage continued reporting by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on progress towards resolving restrictions on MONUSCO’s work. This meeting is taking place at a critical moment. The momentum of the Washington accord and the Doha peace process must be sustained. Allow me to emphasize the following points. First, we reiterate that the implementation of resolution 2773 (2025) is imperative. The Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) must immediately and unconditionally cease hostilities, stop setting up parallel administrative authorities and withdraw all troops from Goma, Bukavu and all other controlled areas. Greece resolutely opposes any violations of international law and the Charter of the United Nations and stresses its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Secondly, we welcome the establishment of the Joint Security Coordination Mechanism and the Joint Oversight Committee in accordance with the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, signed in Washington in June, as well as the recent joint statement on the second meeting of the Mechanism for the phased implementation of the concept of operations. We urge all parties to accelerate the implementation of their commitments set out in the peace agreement. We also welcome the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s and the M23’s return to Doha in late August and the pursuit of their negotiations on the path to establishing a permanent ceasefire with the support of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) and regional mechanisms. Progress on that will be pivotal for security conditions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the region. Thirdly, with resolution 2773 (2025), the Council stresses its full support for the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). Acting within its mandate, MONUSCO is doing critical work in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in particular protecting civilians and addressing urgent needs. MONUSCO’s movement should be unobstructed, and its work should be unimpeded. All parties must respect international humanitarian law and ensure unrestricted humanitarian access. We emphasize, once more, our strong commitment to the safety and security of MONUSCO’s personnel. Restrictions to freedom of movement that severely impede the verification of human rights violations and abuses must be lifted immediately. Lastly, we are deeply concerned about the grave humanitarian and security consequences of the continuing M23 offensive in North and South Kivu and of the Allied Democratic Forces offensive in Ituri, which have lead to a further and mounting increase of internally displaced persons. We call on all parties to allow and facilitate voluntary, safe and dignified returns. We strongly condemn all forms of human rights violations, committed both by armed groups and State agents, as presented in the Secretary-General’s report (S/2025/590), including summary executions, torture, abductions, forced recruitment and conflict-related sexual violence. All perpetrators of grave violations, notably against women and children, must be held accountable. We commend MONUSCO for training military, police and civilian personnel, with an emphasis on the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse. We also welcome the steps taken by the Democratic Republic of the Congo Government to support the justice system and the fight against impunity. In conclusion, we stand ready to consider any further engagement of the Council as necessary, along with national authorities and regional and international partners

I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of the Republic of Korea. I thank Special Representative Bintou Keita for her substantive briefing and welcome the representatives of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda to this meeting. Since the occupation of Goma by the Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) in January, the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) has continued to fulfil its important mandate under the most challenging circumstances, facing restrictions on its movement and threats against peacekeepers. We would like to pay tribute to the leadership and dedication of Special Representative Keita in making these efforts. At the same time, we strongly condemn the attacks by the M23 and other armed groups in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo targeting MONUSCO peacekeepers and civilians. The safety, security and freedom of movement of peacekeepers must be fully guaranteed. In this regard, I would like to highlight the following three points. First, the Republic of Korea is deeply concerned that military activities and attacks against civilians in this region continue despite the Declaration of Principles agreed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the M23. It is a clear violation of both the commitments under the Declaration and resolution 2773 (2025). In fact, civilian fatalities caused by the M23 and other armed groups have increased by 122 per cent over the past three months, which is unacceptable. Attacks on innocent civilians must stop. Secondly, we welcome the signing of the prisoner exchange mechanism by the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the M23 this month and commend the mediation efforts of Qatar with the International Committee of the Red Cross. Maintaining the momentum, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the M23 must engage sincerely to reach a final peace agreement. Rwanda also must exercise its influence in a constructive manner, so that the M23 participates meaningfully in peace efforts. Along with the role that the United States has played as mediator in implementing the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, various initiatives have been developed to achieve lasting peace in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, such as the regional economic integration framework. However, despite the expiration of the implementation deadline, key commitments under the peace agreement, such as the neutralization of the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda and the lifting of Rwanda’s defensive measures, remain unfulfilled. We therefore urge both Governments to act with greater urgency to fully implement the obligations set out in the peace agreement. Thirdly, regardless of the liquidity crisis affecting United Nations peacekeeping operations and the resulting constraints, MONUSCO’s role should be reinforced to stabilize the situation in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and, where possible, support the implementation of the peace agreement. In this regard, we look forward to in-depth discussions on concrete ways to strengthen MONUSCO’s role, as the Security Council prepares to consider the renewal of its mandate later this year. In particular, it will be important to explore how key mandates  — notably disarmament, demobilization and reintegration and security sector reform, both highly relevant in the Democratic Republic of the Congo context — can be carried out more efficiently in the current climate of resource constraints. The Republic of Korea remains committed to the goal of securing a stable and peaceful Democratic Republic of the Congo and supports the role of MONUSCO in these efforts. I now give the floor to the representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Mr. President, on the last day of your presidency of the Security Council, I am pleased and honoured to congratulate you on the excellent work that you have done throughout your term and to express my delegation’s satisfaction at seeing you presiding over this open debate of the Council devoted to the consideration of the situation in my country, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I also take this opportunity to pay tribute to the Secretary-General, His Excellency Mr. António Guterres, for his sustained commitment to the restoration of peace in my country. Lastly, allow me to thank Ms. Bintou Keita, Special Representative of the Secretary- General and Head of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), for her informative briefing this morning. My delegation has taken note of the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, contained in document S/2025/590 of 19 September. However, my delegation would first like to recall that, on 22 August, during the special meeting convened on the initiative of the United States of America and Panama on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (see S/PV.9985), it regrettably drew the attention of the Council to the following three important points. First, we referred to the relentless ongoing atrocities and mass crimes against civilians in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the humanitarian disaster compounded on a daily basis by the aggression of the Rwanda Defence Force-Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) coalition. Again, this morning, hundreds of young people from the town of Bukavu were taken en masse by the Rwandan army and its advanced Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC)/M23 brigade to an unknown destination. Secondly, there was the non-application of the relevant and clear provisions of resolution 2773 (2025), adopted unanimously on 21 February by the Council, in particular the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of the Rwanda Defence Force and its advanced brigade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the infamous AFC/M23. Thirdly, I also mentioned the various peace initiatives under the aegis of the United States of America and Qatar, which culminated in the conclusion of the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda in Washington on 27 June, and the signing in Doha of the Declaration of Principles, a sort of preliminary road map on the path to peace between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the AFC/M23. My first message today is based on the observation that for more than three decades, the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo has been suffering an atrocious war. Entire generations have grown up under the shadow of violence, mass displacement, sexual slavery and the plundering of their native land. The aggression suffered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo has plunged our eastern provinces into a humanitarian disaster, with almost 7 million internally displaced persons. The peak was reached in January and February, when the towns of Goma and Bukavu were invaded by the Rwanda Defence Force and its advanced brigade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the AFC/M23. It should be made clear here that the diplomatic process undertaken with all parties to the conflict in no way excludes the pursuit of justice and reparation. As the President of the Republic, His Excellency Mr. Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, said at the rostrum of the eightieth session of the General Assembly, on 23 September: This is not just a Congolese crisis. It is a black mark on the collective conscience of humankind. The repeated cycles of atrocities, fuelled by greed for strategic minerals and foreign interference, mainly from Rwanda, reflect the cost of indifference and the price of impunity. Every time crimes go unpunished, every time victims remain silent, the door is opened to new waves of violence. Acknowledging the crimes committed, preserving the truth for future generations and pursuing accountability are not options, they are the foundation of a dignified and lasting peace. Today, as the world calls for justice elsewhere, the voices of Congolese victims must also be heard, because no peace process can survive impunity; because protecting human lives is non-negotiable; because to remain a bystander in the face of such crimes would be a form of complicity; and because the protection of human lives, across all communities, remains non-negotiable and must remain at the heart of our action. The Security Council and the international community cannot remain indifferent to the entrenchment of impunity. My second message, which follows on from the first, calls me to reiterate the appeal made on 23 September from the rostrum of the General Assembly by the President of the Democratic Republic of Congo, His Excellency Mr. Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, when he said: “On the eve of the establishment of the Independent Commission of Inquiry, decided by the United Nations Human Rights Council, into the massacres perpetrated a few months ago by our aggressors and their proxies in the east of my country, I solemnly appeal to the international community: it has a moral and political duty to support this essential process in order to establish the truth, render justice to the victims and lay the foundations for a lasting peace, rooted in memory and shared responsibility.” To put an end to this conflict, the Security Council, in its resolution 2773 (2025) of 21 February, demanded, in particular, the withdrawal of the M23 from the towns of Goma and Bukavu and all controlled areas, the dismantling of parallel administrations set up in violation of the sovereignty of the Democratic Republic of Congo and the cessation of all direct or indirect support for the M23. The Washington Agreement and the Doha Declaration of Principles are along the same lines, because the withdrawal of Rwandan troops, the end of their support for the M23 and the return of Congolese State authority to all occupied areas are non-negotiable conditions for genuine peace. The Security Council, the guarantor of the maintenance of international peace and security, must ensure the strict application of this agreement, which is now indivisible from the implementation of its resolution 2773 (2025). Until these decisions are implemented, the blood of the innocent will continue to flow. I would also like to echo the recent words of the President of the Republic, His Excellency Mr. Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, to make it clear that the objective for the Democratic Republic of the Congo remains unchanged: to achieve a just, lasting and genuine peace, not an artificial and fleeting lull which, for The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a land of life, natural wealth and human resilience. We want to contribute to world peace, but peace begins with the recognition of our own tragedy. I make a solemn appeal to the Council: recognize the Congolese genocide, support our fight for truth and justice and help us to finally build a lasting peace in the heart of Africa. We call on the United Nations to introduce a system of targeted sanctions against the perpetrators of economic crimes, as well as war crimes, crimes against humanity and crimes of genocide, committed in the east of my country, and to support all actions aimed at cutting off the illicit mineral supply channels that have been financing war and human tragedy for decades. The international community has a moral and political duty to acknowledge this tragedy for what it is — genocide — and to act accordingly. Silence and inaction in the face of these crimes are tantamount to complicity. We call for the immediate establishment of an independent international commission of inquiry with the necessary resources to establish the truth, bring justice to the victims and break the cycle of impunity that has fuelled this tragedy for decades. As far as the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) is concerned, my country’s position has already been expressed many times here. My Government is also in favour of giving MONUSCO an operational role in verifying a possible ceasefire and supporting the implementation of the peace agreements. We would like to stress the need for the Security Council to strengthen MONUSCO diplomatically, militarily and financially so that the Mission can fulfil its mandate, which will soon be renewed. We call on the Council to take decisions that will compel Rwanda and its proxy, the AFC/M23, not to interfere with the freedom of movement of MONUSCO personnel. Such a position is not worthy of a country that claims the mantle of a troop-contributing country. Before I conclude, allow me to reiterate the requests my country has addressed to the Council to advance our agenda, which is the restoration of a lasting peace, rather than a fictitious and ephemeral peace, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. First, the Council must be able without delay to ensure strict implementation of the 27 June agreement signed between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, which is now an integral part of the full and correct implementation of the provisions of resolution 2773 (2025). Secondly, it must strengthen the sanctions regime by adding AFC/M23 commanders and Rwandan officials to the list. Thirdly, it must support without delay the establishment of an independent commission of inquiry provided for in Human Rights Council resolution S-37/1, adopted on 7 February, at the thirty-seventh special session of the Human Rights Council.

I give the floor to the representative of Rwanda.

Allow me to begin by commending you, Mr. President, for your leadership of the Security Council this month. I also thank Ms. Bintou Keita for her updates on the situation in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and on the work of MONUSCO. It is important to highlight that the Washington peace agreement is built on principles of peace and cooperation and establishes a Joint Security Coordination Mechanism to build trust, along with measures to guarantee humanitarian access and the dignified return of refugees. Importantly, it also addresses many of the very issues that the Security Council has long grappled with, as reflected in numerous Council resolutions. In fact, some of the refugees are already re-turning in Rwanda, and mechanisms are in place to receive them. This process also addresses resolution 2773 (2025), and although I have been here before to talk about more than 20 resolutions that were passed before it and which this resolution did not repeal, I am now singling out this resolution alone because issues are interconnected, and if it is addressed in the manner in which it is integrated into the Washington Agreement, it will address all issues in the resolutions that came before it. Resolution 2773 (2025), as integrated into the Washington Agreement, contextualizes the situation and creates a mechanism for its logical implementation. Indeed, if this Council — as I believe it does — supports the Washington Agreement, then it must also be able to support the process by which the Washington Agreement intends to implement this resolution. Similarly, the Doha process has represented a critical opportunity to address the endemic intra-Congolese challenges that have plagued the Democratic Republic of the Congo for decades. The peace process provides a structured and inclusive framework for dialogue aimed at tackling the root causes of conflict, including issues of governance, exclusion, armed groups and ethnic tensions. Rwanda sees hope in these efforts, but their success depends on full commitment and genuine political will from all parties involved. This is a one-time chance to bring lasting peace to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Security Council must lend its unequivocal support. We call on all parties to honour their commitments, engage constructively and ensure that this process translates into concrete measures that will bring peace and address the underlying drivers of conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. I want to reiterate that Rwanda is fully committed to this process, and we will implement it to the letter. Having reviewed the Secretary-General’s report under consideration today, I wish to share Rwanda’s principal concerns — notably the underreporting of critical facts, the imbalanced portrayal of armed groups, the persistent and dangerous presence of the Democratic Re-public of the Congo-backed Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda (FDLR) and the im-plications for MONUSCO’s future role, as the peace agreement moves into implementation. I want to reiterate that the Washington Agreement creates a role for MONUSCO, and this requires that MONUSCO position itself to implement this role in a constructive way. So the advice we are giving here is in line with that logic. While we value reporting, the latest report on the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (S/2025/590) reflects troubling omissions. Chief among them is the failure to sufficiently address one of the most dangerous drivers of violence, and that is hate speech and identity-based persecution. I know that, in paragraph 79, the report talks about hate speech, but not sufficiently. Hate speech is something very dangerous. I have seen reports of the Security Council that quote from social The report does not address the issue of mercenaries. There is an entire United Nations convention against the use of mercenaries. There are more than two Security Council resolutions against the use of mercenaries. There is the African Union resolution against the use of mercenaries. When did the Council ever address the issue of mercenaries? There are mercenar-ies now. There were mercenaries before. When they were flushed out of the forests, everyone was there to see. Why is it that the Security Council treats this as a non-issue? And why is it that MONUSCO does not consider this an issue? Why is Rwanda concerned? Because the issue is just across our border. Kinyarwanda-speaking Congolese communities, including the Banyamulenge in South Kivu, are being singled out for expulsion and extermination. Again, who has not seen or who did not hear that there was an ultimatum given in Uvira for Tutsis to leave the country — a 10-day ultimatum? I met one senior official of the United Nations on the eighth day to ask why the United Nations had been silent all along. A commander of the army issues an ultimatum for the ethnic group to leave the country. Where was the emergency meeting to address that? Why was the United Nations silent about it until now? Is it normal that an ethnic group is ordered to leave the country of their origin to go to where they are perceived to belong? Telling the truth is the only thing we can do here, and we will not tire of repeating it and repeating it. Decisions will remain entirely the Council’s. But the truth of the matter, we will continue to tell. The FDLR, which is backed by the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, has its origin in the force that killed 1 million Rwandans. It is the only genocidal group that remained in its military formation in known locations, with the same intentions, undisturbed for a period of 31 years now. There is not any other single group I know in history that committed genocide, remained in that military formation, kept their arms, regrouped, got support and continued pursuing its intent for 31 years. And today the report says they have strongholds undisturbed. That is the FDLR that is discussed here as a non-issue. Actually, let me say something that the members need not provide an answer to — but let the Council take time to reflect on it. The FDLR is within the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC). This is known. It is in the reports. The FDLR is assisted by the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is there. This is known. It is in the reports. MONUSCO cooperates with the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, knowing that the FDLR is within the army of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. And what MONUSCO does — and this is on record — is to avoid the units and the battalions in which the FDLR is deployed. So what kind of standard is this? That there is formal military cooperation between a United Nations force and a government force that has a genocide force within it, as long as they are not kept in the same units. Formally, that is the position of MONUSCO. What does complicity mean, if that is not complicity? MONUSCO knows that FDLR units are within FARDC units. What they do is just avoid those units. So they can use them elsewhere, as long as they do not mix. But they are in the same efforts, the same military efforts, the same military campaign. How did it occur, in the wisdom of the Council, to form that partnership against the 23 March Movement (M23), against Rwanda? M23 are Congolese who are being expelled from their country. Rwanda is a country that has suffered genocide at the hands of the FDLR and has suffered 21 more attacks since 1994. If 21 attacks by

The representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has asked for the floor to make a further statement.

I thank you, Mr. President, for again giving me the floor. I could have simply kept quiet, as what we said earlier was sufficient. However, faced with the distortions of my colleague from Rwanda, I am forced to take the floor again for a short time. If this Organization respected the Charter of the United Nations as it was drafted in 1945, Rwanda, which invaded the territory of another country, might not even be allowed to sit here next to us today. Because the goal of the founders of this Organization was to ensure that war would never return. This country invaded the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They have their troops on the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They kill every day. This morning hundreds of young men were taken to an undisclosed location, with the same aim of ethnic cleansing  — massacres of Congolese civilians. Yet they fear hate speech. They speak of hate speech. They, who are on the territory of another country massacring the population, have the audacity to talk about hate speech. They fear hate speech while they are massacring a population on its territory with their weapons. Even the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has suffered loss of life caused by Rwanda. A country like that deserves to sit at the Council table and talk about hate speech and get a hearing? What is hate speech when measured against thousands massacred on the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo? What is hate speech when measured against a genocide carried by a Member State of this Organizaion? He also spoke of the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda (FDLR). But who are the FDLR? They are Rwandans. Let them hold an intra-Rwandan dialogue. Let them discuss among themselves. But they have no democracy in their country. There is no democracy in Rwanda. All the members of the Rwandan opposition are outside Rwanda. When they are in the country, they are killed or assassinated. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, our opposition remains in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We discuss. We have democracy — even if it cannot compare with Western democracies, it does exist. Where is democracy in Rwanda? Show me a single opposition member who is in Rwanda. There is no such thing. So when they come here and speak of things like hate speech, or whatever, it is completely out of place. Now, regarding the FDLR, as he is constantly speaking about them, this hobbyhorse of his, as I said, these are Rwandans. If Rwandans want peace with the FDLR, then why not let them hold a dialogue among themselves? Where are the FDLR? In the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Who is occupying the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo? It is Rwanda and the Mouvement du 23 mars. Even so, we have said that we will help to dismantle the FDLR. That is the essence of the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda. This is because we want peace.

The representative of Rwanda has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I would recall that this is the final statement. I now give him the floor.

I will make good use of the Council’s time. Indeed, the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda are Rwandans, and in Rwanda is where they should be. And this is what we are asking the Democratic Republic of the Congo to do. In 1994, after they had committed the genocide, almost an equal number of perpetrators and others left Rwanda for Tanzania, but because Tanzania handled the situation in the right way, we do not have a problem now with Tanzania. Council members know that history. The United Nations was involved through the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The international community saw the process: how they were disarmed, settled in camps and later on repatriated back to Rwanda. The problem we have with the Democratic Republic of the Congo is that it chose to go in the opposite direction: to arm them, reorganize them and continue to support them until now. And we have a report, 31 years later, that says they even have strongholds in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. That is the problem. It is not about whether they are Rwandans or not. They are people, yes, Rwandans, who killed our people, who want to continue killing — they still have that genocidal intent — and who should not be there, who should be neutralized. With regard to the question of minerals, we have no problem with the minerals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Rwanda has its own minerals. Maybe the challenge for the Democratic Republic of the Congo is that, while we may not have as much, there is a visible impact in terms of how we use what little we have. If the democracy that my brother is telling me about produces what we see in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, then that is not the type of democracy Rwanda wants.

There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. I now invite Council members to informal consultations to continue our discussion of the subject.