S/PV.10084 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of Djibouti, Egypt, Israel, Kuwait, South Africa and Türkiye to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite Mr. Khaled Khiari, Assistant Secretary-General for the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific, Departments of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs and Peace Operations, to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I also invite the following to participate in this meeting: His Excellency Mr. Maged Abdelfattah Abdelaziz, Permanent Observer of the League of Arab States to the United Nations; and Mr. Salem Matug, Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Office of the Permanent Observer of the African Union to the United Nations. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I now give the floor to Mr. Khiari. Mr. Khiari: On 26 December, Prime Minister Netanyahu announced Israel’s official recognition of Somaliland as an independent and sovereign State. Subsequently, on the same day, Somaliland issued a statement welcoming what it termed a historic and principled decision by the State of Israel to officially recognize what it described as its sovereignty and independence. The statement noted that the recognition represented a milestone in Somaliland’s long-standing pursuit of international legitimacy and what it asserted as its historical, legal and moral entitlement to statehood. Moreover, the statement affirmed that the recognition gave rise to the establishment of full diplomatic relations between Somaliland and the State of Israel and would proceed to deepen cooperation across a broad range of sectors. In response to these developments, the Federal Government of Somalia issued a statement reaffirming its absolute and non-negotiable commitment to its sovereignty, national unity and territorial integrity as enshrined in the Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia, the Charter of the United Nations and the Constitutive Act of the African Union. The Federal Government of Somalia further stated that it categorically and unequivocally rejected what it characterized as a deliberate attack on its sovereignty. The Somali statement further noted that no external actor has the authority or standing to alter its unity or territorial configuration. Therefore, according to the statement, Somalia considers any declaration, recognition or arrangement that seeks to undermine this reality to be null and void and without any legal or political effect under international law. In its statement, Somalia also underscored that it would not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases or arrangement that would draw the country into proxy conflicts or import regional and international hostilities into this region. The Federal Government of Somalia warned that actions of this nature seriously undermined regional peace and stability and exacerbated tensions in the region. On 27 December, a joint session of Somalia’s two Houses of Parliament also condemned and rejected what it termed the unlawful recognition of Somaliland by Israel. In a statement, the Parliament further noted that any recognition by Israel or any other country is null and void, without legal basis and has no international legal effect. Israel’s announcement prompted widespread reactions from the region and beyond, including from Egypt, Jordan, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye, among others, as well as a joint statement by 20 Middle Eastern and African countries rejecting and condemning Israel’s recognition of Somaliland. Several regional organizations have issued similar statements stating the importance of respecting the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia, including the League of Arab States, the East African Community, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the European Union. The Chairperson of the African Union Commission, on 26 December, rejected any recognition of Somaliland and reaffirmed the African Union’s unwavering commitment to the unity and sovereignty of Somalia. The Chairperson of the Commission further noted that any attempt to undermine the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia runs counter to the fundamental principles of the African Union and risks setting a dangerous precedent with far-reaching implications for peace and stability across the continent. In closing, I would like to recall, as has the Secretary-General, that the Security Council has repeatedly affirmed the respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence and unity of Somalia, as most recently reaffirmed in resolution 2809 (2025) of 23 December. I also call on Somali stakeholders to engage in peaceful and constructive dialogue, in particular recalling the 2023 Djibouti communiqué on talks between the Federal Government of Somalia and Somaliland.

I thank Mr. Khiari for his briefing. I now give the floor to those Council members who wish to make statements.

I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council, namely, Algeria, Sierra Leone and my own country, Somalia, as well as Guyana (A3+). We express our appreciation to the presidency for promptly convening this meeting at the request of the A3+, joined by China, Pakistan and the Russian Federation. I also want to welcome the participation of the representatives from the nations of the League of Arab States, the African Union, Djibouti, Kuwait, South Africa and Türkiye to this meeting. I also want to thank Assistant Secretary-General Khaled Khiari for his briefing. The A3+ strongly condemns the flagrant assault by Israel on the unity and the territorial integrity of Somalia by recognizing as an independent entity, in the north- western region of Somalia, so-called Somaliland, which is legally incapable of entering into any agreement or arrangement with, or of being recognized by, another country. Any such purported arrangements are therefore null and void. Furthermore, this action represents a direct violation of the Charter of the United Nations and the African Union’s fundamental principles and a breach of the cornerstone of international law — respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States. This act of aggression is aimed at encouraging the fragmentation of the territory of Somalia, of which the north-western region is an integral part, and is destabilizing the entire Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region. It should be firmly rejected and unequivocally condemned by all Member States. The A3+ therefore rejects this announcement by Israel and calls for it to be rescinded. In this regard, the A3+ aligns itself with the recent statements of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission, His Excellency Mr. Mahmoud Ali Youssouf, in categorically rejecting all attempts at undermining the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia. The A3+ reaffirms the long-standing and consistent position of the African Union, rooted firmly in the Constitutive Act of the African Union, and the principles of respecting borders inherited at independence, as proclaimed in the 1964 decision of the Organization of African Unity, the Cairo declaration. Moreover, we call on all Member States to take a unified and principled stand against this illegal action, which undermines the very foundation of the international legal order. The A3+ seizes this opportunity to welcome all regional, international, bilateral and multilateral partners who express their clear support and commitment to the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of Somalia. Taking note of the statements made by some officials regarding the forced involuntary relocation of Palestinians from their homeland to other countries, the A3+ unequivocally rejects any steps aimed at advancing this objective, including any attempt by Israel to relocate the Palestinian population from Gaza to the north-western region of Somalia. This action is not only unlawful but is morally reprehensible. Recalling the provisional measures and advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice regarding the forcible displacement of Palestinian people from their land, we call on Israel to comply with its legal obligations on this matter. The A3+ will neither accept nor condone the illegal use of any territory, let alone that of a sovereign State, which is a member of the United Nations, to deny the right of self-determination to a people who have been subjected to crimes against humanity for many, many years. Neither the future of the Palestinian people nor the territorial sovereignty of Somalia can be used as a bargaining chip. This utter disdain for law and morality must be stopped now. We further underscore our steadfast support for the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, including their right to self-determination and their right to their homeland in accordance with the two-State solution. Rather than contributing genuinely to the commendable international peace efforts in the Middle East through the long-overdue recognition of an independent sovereign Palestinian State, Israel has instead chosen to project instability into the Horn of Africa, promote divisions and create new sources of tension in the region, which is already facing multidimensional and complex challenges. In conclusion, the A3+ reiterates its unwavering commitment to Somalia’s unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity. No external actor has the legitimacy or the authority to alter the unity, sovereignty or territorial configuration of Somalia or of any other sovereign State. Israel’s action not only sets a dangerous precedent but also poses a serious threat to regional and international peace and security. The A3+ calls again on the international community to uphold its responsibility under the Charter of the United Nations and to reject any act that undermines the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of Somalia or the rights of the Palestinian people through manipulative and immoral actions.

I thank Assistant Secretary-General Khiari for briefing us. I will make three points. First, the United Kingdom reaffirms its support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence and unity of Somalia. The United Kingdom does not recognize Somaliland’s independence. We maintain that any change to Somaliland’s status depends on mutual agreement between Mogadishu and Hargeisa, through dialogue, and must conform to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. We regret any action that risks undermining peace and security in the region. Secondly, we urge further efforts between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Somaliland authorities to address differences and work together to face common threats. Al-Shabaab and other terrorist organizations benefit from internal divisions in Somalia. We encourage Mogadishu and Hargeisa to pursue dialogue with the support of regional bodies and the international community to resolve these divisions. Thirdly, we underscore the importance of continued international support for Somalia’s security transition. Just this month, the Council renewed its authorization for the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM), extended the provision of United Nations logistical support to AUSSOM through the United Nations Support Office in Somalia and mandated a strong package of sanctions measures to degrade Al-Shabaab. In September, the United Kingdom announced a contribution of more than $30 million to support Somalia’s security transition, including $22 million to AUSSOM. As a close and long-standing partner of Somalia, we remain committed to supporting the Federal Government in its efforts to build a secure and stable Somalia. We urge greater international support to this end. In closing, the United Kingdom also welcomes the peaceful conduct of the local elections in Mogadishu and reaffirms its support for Somalia’s democratic aspirations. We encourage all political actors to work together to reach consensus on next steps.

I thank Assistant Secretary-General Khiari for his briefing. Meetings such as today’s distract from serious work to address issues of international peace and security, including in both the Middle East and the Horn of Africa. Israel has the same right to conduct diplomatic relations as any other sovereign State. Earlier this year, several countries, including members of the Council, made the unilateral decision to recognize a non-existent Palestinian State, and yet no emergency meeting was called to express the Council’s outrage. The Council’s persistent double standards and misdirection of focus distract from its mission of maintaining international peace and security. On the matter of Somaliland, we have no announcement to make regarding the United States recognition of Somaliland, and there has been no change in American policy.

I must confess that when you gave me the floor, Mr. President, I was tempted to reply that I had no wish to deliver a statement. Nonetheless, I did not want miss this final opportunity in your presidency to commend you for your wise stewardship of it. Allow me to be brief. Our country continues to monitor with concern the tensions surrounding the decision announced by the Government of Israel on 26 December to recognize Somaliland as an independent, sovereign State. In its principled position, Panama wishes to be very clear: the Charter of the United Nations and respect for the sovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity of States are the bedrock of the international order. Throughout this year in which Panama has been a member of the Security Council alongside Somalia, we have witnessed the complex challenges confronting the country but also the strides taken through dialogue, international support and the engagement of its institutions. In that connection, we consider it crucial to keep Somalia, as a Member State of the United Nations, at the forefront and to preserve the existing multilateral framework. By their very nature, these issues demand prudence, scrupulous adherence to, and respect for, international law and, above all, peaceful solutions that are grounded in dialogue, with the leadership of the actors directly involved and, above all, that take place within regional and multilateral processes. In an international landscape marked by numerous tensions and concurrent crises, the Council bears the responsibility to reaffirm that changes of territorial status must not ensue from faits accomplis or unilateral recognition. International peace and security are sustained when the rules, in particular those pertaining to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States, are applied uniformly, consistently and with the participation of the affected States.

At the outset, I would like to commend Slovenia for its effective stewardship of the Council during the month of December. I also thank Assistant Secretary-General Khiari for the informative briefing provided today. The Security Council adopted two resolutions concerning Somalia this month, namely one extending the mandate of the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (resolution 2809 (2025)) and the other imposing sanctions against Al-Shabaab (resolution 2806 (2025)). These two resolutions reflect the international community’s continued commitment to peace and security in Somalia. However, the recent diplomatic developments related to Somalia warrant close attention, as they carry broader implications for regional stability and for the principles that underpin our collective efforts. In this context, we believe it is important to continue engaging with all relevant parties in a manner that respects sovereignty, supports dialogue and contributes to practical cooperation in addressing shared challenges. I would like to make three points. First, the Republic of Korea reiterates its firm support for the sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia, in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Our respect for Somalia’s sovereignty necessarily entails full recognition of its internationally recognized borders, which remain essential to ensuring clarity, predictability and stability in regional relations. Accordingly, we support the authority of the Federal Government of Somalia as exercised within its internationally recognized borders and in accordance with the Somali Constitution. Secondly, we recognize the value of efforts aimed at strengthening bilateral and regional relations, including initiatives that promote dialogue and confidence- building between Israel and its neighbours. However, we believe that such efforts, in order to be constructive and sustainable, must be pursued in full respect of the sovereignty of the States concerned and in a way that supports, rather than undermines, ongoing dialogues among Somali stakeholders. Thirdly, we encourage relevant Somali stakeholders to actively engage in good- faith dialogue to address different views related to governance arrangements and the exercise of authority, including questions concerning territorial integrity and the respective roles of federal and regional institutions. As reflected in recently adopted Security Council resolutions, all Somali parties share responsibility for strengthening cooperation and engaging in discussions for the benefit of all Somalis. Coordinated efforts remain essential for fostering mutual understanding, strengthening national cohesion and advancing an inclusive political process that supports Somalia’s national priorities. We also acknowledge the important role played by the United Nations and partners in the region in supporting the peaceful resolution of disputes related to Somalia and promoting its peace and stability. As our term on the Security Council comes to an end, this may be our final intervention in this Chamber. Nevertheless, the Republic of Korea’s commitment to peace, stability and security, in Somalia and beyond, remains unwavering. We will continue to support the work of the United Nations and its partners in advancing these shared objectives. In this spirit, we extend our best wishes to the incoming members of the Security Council — Bahrain, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Latvia and Liberia — as they assume their important responsibilities.

Let me take the opportunity to thank Slovenia for a very successful presidency during the month of December. Denmark welcomes the opportunity for the Security Council to address the recent announcement by Israel regarding the unilateral recognition of Somaliland. I thank Assistant Secretary- General Khiari for his briefing on this matter. Denmark is concerned by the potential implications of this development for peace, stability and the territorial integrity of Somalia and the broader Horn of Africa region. Denmark aligns itself with the statement issued by the European Union on 27 December, which reaffirms the importance of respecting the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia, as enshrined in its Constitution and in accordance with the Charters of the African Union and the United Nations. Such respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity is fundamental to maintaining peace and security throughout the region. We note the widespread concerns raised by regional and international partners regarding the risk of unilateral actions that affect Somalia’s internal constitutional order, setting a dangerous precedent that may exacerbate tensions rather than contribute to constructive solutions. Denmark underscores the urgent need for the resumption of meaningful dialogue between Somaliland and the Federal Government of Somalia. We believe that long-standing differences can only be addressed through sustained and inclusive political engagement. Any resolution of the international legal status of Somaliland must be clarified through Somali‑led dialogue and within the framework of Somalia’s legal and constitutional order. The international community must support processes that encourage consensus, reconciliation and constructive outcomes for the people of Somalia. In this context, Denmark calls upon all parties to refrain from actions or rhetoric that might fuel regional tensions. Denmark reaffirms its commitment to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of sovereign States, to the principles of the United Nations and African Union Charters, and to peaceful, diplomatic engagement as the basis for resolving disputes. We stand ready to work with partners in the Council and beyond to support peace, security and stability in Somalia and the wider region.

At the outset, Greece wishes to underscore the fundamental importance of respect for international law and the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. In view of the most recent developments regarding the Federal Republic of Somalia, Greece expresses its grave concern and stresses the need to respect the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity and political independence of the State, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the Charter of the African Union. In this context, we recall that Security Council resolutions on Somalia, adopted under Chapter VII of the Charter, including most recently resolution 2809 (2025), explicitly reaffirm respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence and unity of Somalia. Any actions contrary to these principles, while having no legal effect, risk leading to another cycle of instability. We therefore reiterate the importance of fully respecting Somalia’s unity, sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence. Support for secessionist entities within Somalia, which could destabilize the country and lead to a reversal of hard-won counter-terrorism gains, is unacceptable and undermines current efforts for a peaceful resolution of the conflict. As is well known, the United Nations Transitional Assistance Mission in Somalia is currently delivering results in the second and final phase of its transition, with the aim of enabling Somalia to assume full responsibility for its own security. Initiatives that introduce unnecessary political turbulence into a country that has made tangible progress across the political, security and humanitarian tracks run counter to these efforts and pose risks to regional stability. Beyond the internal dimension, the destabilization of Somalia carries a serious risk of spillover effects, potentially spreading instability across the Horn of Africa and beyond. In conclusion, Greece firmly believes that the situation is a matter than can only be addressed through dialogue with, and through, the legitimate and internationally recognized Federal Government of Somalia, in full accordance with international law and the United Nations Charter.

I thank you, Mr. President, for convening this meeting. China fully supports the request by Somalia, Algeria, Sierra Leone and Guyana for an emergency Council meeting. I thank Assistant Secretary- General Khaled Khiari for his briefing. On 26 December, Israel announced its formal recognition of Somaliland as a so- called independent sovereign State and established full diplomatic relations with it. This has further increased the tensions in the Horn of Africa, drawing immediate and strong criticism and condemnation from regional organizations, including the African Union, the League of Arab States, the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, and from many countries in the region. China also expresses grave concern about this move and firmly opposes it. Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity is a fundamental principle of the Charter of the United Nations and an unshakeable cornerstone of international law and international relations; it is a principle that all States Members of the United Nations must strictly observe. Somaliland is an inalienable part of Somali territory. China firmly supports Somalia’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity and opposes any act to split its territory. China has always maintained that the Somaliland issue falls entirely within the purview of Somalia’s internal affairs. It should be resolved by the Somali people in a way consistent with national conditions and the Constitution. Countries outside the region should cease unwarranted interference. No country should aid and abet separatist forces in other countries to further their own geopolitical interests. We urge the relevant country to act responsibly, strictly observe the Charter of the United Nations and international law, heed the call of the international community, immediately rectify its erroneous act and eliminate the negative effects thereof as soon as possible. We urge the Somaliland authorities to grasp the situation, immediately stop separatist activities and collusion with external forces and return to the track of dialogue with the Federal Government of Somalia as soon as possible to avoid further threatening regional peace and stability and opening the door to more tensions and conflicts. Somalia is at a critical juncture in its political and security transition. The international community should assist the country in strengthening counter-terrorism capabilities, advancing political dialogue and promoting national unity. As a good friend of Somalia and the countries of the region, China will continue to firmly support Somalia’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, uphold fairness and justice and, together with the international community, work harder for peace, stability, development and prosperity in Somalia and in the region.

We thank you, Mr. President, for convening today’s meeting at this critical moment for Somalia and the wider Horn of Africa region. I thank Assistant Secretary-General Khaled Khiari for the briefing. At the outset, let me express Pakistan’s unwavering and steadfast support for the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia. We strongly condemn the unilateral and unlawful recognition by Israel of the Somaliland region of the Federal Republic of Somalia. That recognition is a direct assault on Somalia’s internationally recognized borders and constitutes a flagrant violation of international law. The Somaliland region remains an integral, inseparable and inalienable part of Somalia. No external actor has either the legal standing or the moral authority to alter that fundamental reality. A group of countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, including Pakistan, has unequivocally rejected Israel’s unlawful move, noting its serious repercussions for peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region and for international peace and security as a whole. The joint statement terms the recognition of parts of States a violation of the cardinal principles of international law and the Charter of the United Nations. These developments are especially alarming at a time when Somalia is demonstrating encouraging and tangible progress on its political and institutional trajectory. The Federal Government of Somalia, under the forward-looking vision and leadership of President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, has made notable strides in national reconciliation, constitutional reform and the revitalization of State institutions. Positive trends in the financial sector, particularly the efforts related to economic legislation and preparations for inclusive, one-person-one-vote elections, represent important steps towards consolidating Somalia’s democracy and stability. Similarly, the phased two-year transition of the United Nations presence in Somalia is progressing smoothly. The handover of responsibilities under the first phase of the United Nations Transitional Assistance Mission in Somalia has been completed, and the road map for the second and final phase has been finalized, with the Mission scheduled to cease operations on 31 October 2026. These gains reflect a Somali- owned, Somali-led trajectory towards political reconciliation and State-building. This positive momentum must be protected and reinforced, not undermined by actions that risk fragmenting the country and reversing hard-won progress. Pakistan also acknowledges the sacrifices and resilience of the Somali people and its security forces, supported by United Nations-African Union missions, in confronting the persistent threat posed by Al-Shabaab and its affiliates. Continued, predictable support for Somalia’s security sector and stabilization efforts remains indispensable for preserving the hard-won gains against terrorism. Therefore, at this pivotal juncture, when Somalia is focused on defeating extremism, any action that diverts attention, weakens cohesion or fuels division is profoundly irresponsible. Against the backdrop of Israel’s previous references to Somaliland of the Federal Republic of Somalia as a destination for the deportation of Palestinian people, especially from Gaza, its unlawful recognition of the Somaliland region of Somalia is deeply troubling. For decades, Israel’s dispossession and occupation of Palestinian land have been a central source of instability and conflict in the Middle East. It is now exporting this destabilizing conduct to the Horn of Africa, with serious implications for regional peace and security. Pakistan unequivocally rejects any proposals or plans aimed at the forced displacement of Palestinians. Resolution 2803 (2025) endorsed President Donald J. Trump’s Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict, which unequivocally states that “no one will be forced to leave Gaza”. Any actions that advocate or imply displacement or resettlement not only violate international law but also undermine the prospect of a just and lasting peace. We reaffirm our steadfast support for the Palestinian people in their legitimate struggle for self-determination. The only path to lasting peace and stability lies in the realization of an independent, contiguous and sovereign State of Palestine on the pre- 1967 borders, with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as its capital. In conclusion, Pakistan calls upon the Security Council and the broader international community to speak with one voice and reject all actions that undermine Somalia’s unity and territorial integrity. For our part, we remain firmly and resolutely committed to standing with the Government and the people of Somalia in the country’s march towards peace and prosperity.

We thank Assistant Secretary-General Khaled Khiari for his briefing. Much like the majority of our Security Council colleagues, we are deeply concerned about Israel’s politically motivated decision to recognize the independence of Somaliland. This decision is at odds with the sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of the Federal Republic of Somalia. We very much understand the well-founded reaction to this decision on the part of the Government of the Federal Republic of Somalia and the reactions of the African Union leadership, States of the region and Arab and Muslim countries. We are concerned about the possible repercussions, including the potential escalation of tensions in the Horn of Africa and beyond. In principle, we are in favour of settling intra-Somali conflicts on the basis of inclusive national dialogue without any external interference. We support Mogadishu’s efforts to overcome security threats, establish lasting peace and implement its sovereign priorities, factoring in the cultural and historical diversity of this multi-ethnic nation. We call on international actors to refrain from securing their own geopolitical interests in the Horn of Africa through exploiting the systemic problems of African States. We would also like to stress that decisions such as the one taken by the Israeli Cabinet are liable to further impede the efforts by Mogadishu and its partners to combat Al-Shabaab terrorists. Last week, in explanation of their votes on the resolution on the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (resolution 2809 (2025)), Council members spoke at length about how much these efforts cost. First and foremost, they cost thousands of lives of African peacekeepers, Somali security forces and civilians. We must not forget that. It is important to note that the current complex challenges in Somalia are largely a consequence of the bitter legacy of Western colonialism. This, however, also applies to other African States. I think everyone in this Chamber is cognizant of the root causes of most territorial disputes or inter-ethnic and interreligious conflicts in contemporary Africa. Russia, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics before it, has consistently raised this issue both at the Security Council and at the General Assembly. Along with a wide array of like-minded countries, Russia continues to fight colonialism in all its forms, primarily through facilitating the establishment of a truly multipolar world, based on equal and mutually beneficial inter-State relations free from pressure and interference from outside. In this connection, this month, at the initiative of the Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations, the General Assembly adopted a resolution (General Assembly resolution 80/106) proclaiming 14 December as the International Day against Colonialism in All Its Forms and Manifestations. As the situation under discussion today shows, Africa still needs such active international efforts on the anti-colonial front. We call on all sensible countries that are interested in advancing the establishment of truly independent and successful African development models to join these efforts. In the context of combating colonialism, as it applies to the situation in Somalia, it is also crucial to reiterate our fundamental position. Voluntary financial assistance to the Somalis is supposed to be provided free of charge and cannot be subjected to political conditions. In conclusion, we would like to express our solidarity with the Government of the Federal Republic of Somalia and the Somali people at this difficult juncture. Russia will continue to support Mogadishu in its fight against international terrorism and attempts at unilateral political and economic pressure.

I would like to begin by thanking Assistant Secretary-General Khaled Khiari for his briefing. France recalls its commitment to the unity, territorial integrity and sovereignty of Somalia, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. France welcomes the recent renewals of the sanctions regime targeting the Al-Shabaab terrorist group and the mandates of the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission and the United Nations Support Office in Somalia. This represents decisive support provided by the Council to Somalia in its quest for security and stability. Any action that could jeopardize peace and security in Somalia, as well as in the Horn of Africa and the Gulf of Aden, must be avoided. Internal disputes within Somalia must be resolved through negotiation, within the framework of a dialogue between all Somali stakeholders. Easing political tensions within the country is essential to effectively combat terrorism and to enable the smooth conduct of the upcoming elections. In conclusion, I would like to recall that, faithful to the spirit of the New York Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 12 September, France will continue to oppose any forced displacement of civilian populations and any violation of international law, particularly international humanitarian law.

I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of Slovenia. I would like to thank Assistant Secretary-General Khiari for his briefing. For two years at this table, we have been unambiguous in opposing two threats to international order and global security: the erosion of multilateralism and the disregard for international law. Foreign interference does not arrive only with tanks and missiles. It also takes quieter, but no less damaging forms, such as political pressure and actions that undermine sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence. These principles are not abstract. They are being tested today. It is in this context that we express our deep concern regarding the action taken against Somalia last week. It risks further destabilizing a region already burdened by multiple political and security crises. Slovenia reiterates its support for the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia. Only Somalis themselves can determine the future of their country, free from unwarranted external interference. It is up to the Somalis of Somalia and of Somaliland to agree, through dialogue, on a system of governance that protects the interests of all parts of Somalia. Efforts of the international community should be directed towards supporting meaningful dialogue between Somalia and Somaliland. We encourage the United Nations, the African Union and regional organizations to offer their support in this regard, should Somalis desire it. The current situation must not distract from Somalia’s urgent security priorities, including the fight against terrorism. The international community should work together with Somalia, supporting its efforts through cooperation and sustained engagement. I have to address the issue of Palestine and the comparison raised by the United States. Slovenia recognizes Palestine as an independent State. We did so in response to the undeniable right of the Palestinian people to self-determination. Palestine is not part of any State. It is illegally occupied territory, as declared by the International Court of Justice, among others. Palestine is also an Observer State in this Organization. Somaliland, on the other hand, is a part of a United Nations Member State, and recognizing it goes against Article 2, paragraph 4, of the Charter of the United Nations. Throughout our tenure we have consistently called for peace, not as an empty slogan but as a responsibility, and we have worked to cultivate that notion through leadership for peace debates. To lead for peace is to place the pursuit of sustainable peace above narrow national interests and to choose cooperation over convenience. It is to recognize that sustainable peace is achieved not outside of but through the United Nations itself. The United Nations is only as strong as the commitment of its Member States. For this reason, what the Organization needs today is the mobilization of all of us, and of its Member States, for an alliance for peace. I now resume my functions as President of the Council. I now give the floor to the representative of Israel.

I wish to make it clear that Israel’s engagement with Somaliland has a long and consistent record. In 1960, when Somaliland emerged as an independent State, Israel was among 35 countries that formally recognized its independence. In the late 1980s, under the regime of Siad Barre, Somaliland’s civilian population was subjected to mass atrocities. Entire cities were destroyed. Civilians were deliberately targeted. These crimes are now widely recognized as the Isaaq genocide. At the time, Israel was the only country to formally raise these atrocities in this very Council. On 1 May 1990, Israel’s then Chargé d’affaires a.i., Johanan Bein, submitted a letter to this very Council (S/21283), warning of grave human rights violations in Somalia, including the destruction of Hargeisa and the targeting of civilians. This document forms part of the official record of the Security Council. That record underscores the consistency of Israel’s engagement, grounded in concern for human rights accountability and legal principles. That history provides essential context for the discussion surrounding Israel’s recognition of Somaliland today. Let me be clear: Israel’s recognition of Somaliland is neither provocative nor novel. It is a lawful, principled acknowledgment of a long- established reality, consistent with international law and aligned with the values that the Security Council is meant to uphold. Somaliland’s modern political history is clear and well documented. On 26 June 1960, the former British Somaliland protectorate attained independence as the State of Somaliland. In the days that followed, prior to its voluntary union with the Trust Territory of Somalia on 1 July 1960, Somaliland was recognized by 35 States, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, the Soviet Union and Israel. Somaliland entered that union as a recognized sovereign entity, exercising its right to self-determination. That union failed to produce a durable or fully ratified constitutional settlement. Political marginalization, repression and mass violence followed. When the Somali central Government collapsed, Somaliland reasserted its sovereignty in May 1991. For more than three decades since then, it has existed entirely outside the authority of Mogadishu. Since 1991, Somaliland has consistently met the objective criteria for statehood under customary international law, as reflected in the Montevideo Convention: first, it has a permanent population; secondly, a defined territory; thirdly, an effective Government; and fourthly, the capacity to conduct foreign relations. In fact, Somaliland has held regular competitive elections, ensured peaceful transfers of power and maintained effective governance and security throughout its territory. In a region marked by instability, Somaliland has demonstrated continuity, responsibility and restraint. Moreover, Somaliland’s engagement with the international community is already sustained and practical. Several States maintain representative liaison or economic offices in Hargeysa. These relationships reflect ongoing diplomatic, economic and development cooperation. They also reflect an acknowledgment in practice of Somaliland’s capacity to govern responsibly. Israel’s recognition builds on this reality. This step was taken as an exercise of sovereign authority, consistent with international law and long-standing diplomatic practice. It is not a hostile step towards Somalia, nor does it preclude future dialogue between the parties. Recognition is not an act of defiance. It is an opportunity — an opportunity to promote clarity, an opportunity to encourage responsibility and an opportunity to strengthen stability in the Horn of Africa. This recognition is forward-looking. It aligns with the spirit of the Abraham Accords: cooperation over isolation, pragmatism over paralysis and partnership over perpetual conflict. Somaliland has demonstrated a willingness to govern responsibly, to secure itself and to engage constructively with regional and international partners. This trajectory is also not without precedent. In the case of South Sudan, early engagement by individual States, including Israel, preceded broad international recognition and supported international integration and stability. Reality was acknowledged first; consensus followed. The question raised by Israel’s recognition of Somaliland is not whether international law permits acknowledgement of long-established facts — it does. The question is whether the Council is ready to engage with reality as it exists. Somaliland’s historical sovereignty, more than three decades of effective self- governance and demonstrated capacity to act as a responsible international partner meets the legal criteria that guide recognition. Israel has aligned its foreign policy with this reality. This approach reflects the spirit of the Abraham Accords. It is grounded in international law and directed towards greater stability and security in the region.

The representative of Somalia has asked for the floor to make a further statement.

Before proceeding further, I want to make additional remarks in my capacity as the representative of Somalia to directly address the claims made by the representative of Israel, who spoke before me. I will make three points. First, the actions of the occupying Power in Palestine and, indeed, in the broader region, are well documented. These actions constitute clear violations of international law. What we see today and have seen time and time again are acts aimed at terrorizing civilian populations, crimes against humanity, the forced displacement of an entire community, the starvation of innocent people and the killing and maiming of hundreds of thousands. The representative of those who have been doing all those things is lecturing us today about what he calls genocide and things like that. I am shocked upon listening to the outrageous comments by the Israeli representative. If we want to talk about genocide, it is Israel that is committing that before our very eyes every day. The representative of Israel represents a Government that has killed more than 70,000 people, civilians, including children, women, the elderly, doctors and other health workers and patients in hospitals, destroying infrastructure and deliberately starving the people of Gaza. The fact that he has come before the Council and accused Somalia of committing genocide is just ridiculous, and it is unbelievable. The other thing that I want to add is that he has no idea what Somalia is and where Somalis are and what Somalia stands for. I think that history is a selective history that he has just generated in his own mind. Let me give him some lessons about this. Somalia is one country of one people, with one religion, who fought together for independence from the colonial Power. And Somalia is again one country that is fighting terrorist organizations in the Horn of Africa as one group, with one religion, belonging to one ethnic group. In terms of his reference to Somaliland, Somaliland was a British Somaliland comprised of two regions: the north-east region and north-west region. Now the north- east region, which comprises 45 per cent of the land and the population, is part of the Federal Government of Somalia. What we are talking about is the north-west, which is also having a problem. Half of the north-west is now the entire region that is close to the Djibouti border, and its inhabitants are totally against the Isaaq genocide, which he referred to. And no such genocide took place in Somalia. Somalia had a civil war, and the civil war had its own effects. And we believe the civil war was also financed from outside. Therefore, coming to this Chamber and lecturing us about humanity and genocide and human rights and independence and democracy, while we know what his country is doing on a daily basis, is just an insult. And I must respond to this.

I now give the floor to Mr. Abdelaziz.

At the outset, allow me to express the appreciation of the League of Arab States for your distinctive presidency of the Council, Mr. President, during the month of December, which coincides with the conclusion of your two-year term as a non-permanent Council member, along with the terms of four other Council members, including Algeria. Your membership, Mr. President, has been characterized by credibility, objective and constructive engagement, a professional and responsive approach to global events, and a striving to support the role of the Security Council in promoting international peace and security, despite the unfavourable international circumstances. I thank all the non- permanent members of the Security Council. And I welcome the five new members of the Council and wish them every success. I thank Mr. Khaled Khiari, Assistant Secretary-General for Middle East, Asia and the Pacific, for his excellent briefing. I align myself with the statement delivered by the representative of the State of Kuwait in his capacity as Chair of the Group of Arab States for the month of December. The League of Arab States strongly supported the request of the three African members of the Security Council plus one, with the support of other members, to convene this meeting at the earliest possible opportunity to address a dangerous development that strikes at the core of the international legal order, established by the Charter of the United Nations, which is based on respect for the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of States. The international community has unanimously rejected and condemned the efforts of Israel, the occupying Power in the Palestinian territory and the Syrian and Lebanese Arab territories, to legitimize the aspirations of the north-western region of Somalia, known as Somaliland, to secede from the Federal Republic of Somalia and to use that as a pretext for its illegal presence on Arab-African Somali territory in order to advance well-known and unacceptable political, security and economic agendas. Those actions are a flagrant violation of the Charter of the United Nations and the statutes of both the African Union and the League of Arab States and are aimed at furthering plans for the forcible displacement of the Palestinian people and the seizure of the ports of northern Somalia in order to establish military bases there. This point was made clear in a statement by His Excellency the Secretary- General of the League of Arab States, His Excellency Mr. Ahmed Aboul Gheit, condemning this action by Israel as a violation of the unity of the Federal Republic of Somalia, a member of the Arab League, and stressing the Arab League’s categorical rejection of it as a violation of the rules of international law and established legal principles, foremost among which is respect for the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of States — a cornerstone of the Charter of the United Nations and international law. As His Excellency the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States emphasized, this move by Israel, the occupying Power, constitutes yet another violation of international resolutions and international instruments, poses a direct threat to a member State of the Arab League, destabilizes the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and gravely undermines security in the Arab and African regions, which are intertwined and cannot withstand reckless political ventures or delusional expansionist ambitions, which are categorically rejected. From this perspective, the statement issued by the Council of the League of Arab States at its extraordinary meeting at the permanent representative level, held at the League’s headquarters in Cairo on Sunday 28 December, sets out a number of key points, foremost among which are the following. First, we condemn in the strongest of terms Israel’s recognition on 26 December of the secession of the north-western region, known as Somaliland, in pursuit of its political, security and economic agendas that we categorically reject, as we do any measures ensuing from this illegitimate recognition, which seek to further plans for the forcible displacement of the Palestinian people or the seizure of the ports of northern Somalia to establish military bases there. Second, we reiterate the firm and clear Arab position, as reflected in the decisions of the Council of the League of Arab States at all levels, that regards the north-western region, known as Somaliland, as an integral part of the Federal Republic of Somalia on the basis of the League’s Charter and its principles, the Charter of the United Nations and the charters of all organizations of which Somalia is a member. We reject any attempt to recognize this secession directly or indirectly. Third, we assert that this illegal Israeli recognition is part of broader attempts by Israel, the occupying Power, to undermine international peace and security, constitutes an attack on Arab national security and warrants legal, economic, political and diplomatic measures to tackle it. Fourth, we affirm our support for the security, stability, unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia, and we support the Federal Government of Somalia in its efforts to preserve Somali sovereignty on land, at sea and in the air. We affirm the legitimate right of the Federal Republic of Somalia to defend its territory in accordance with Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations and the relevant articles of the Charter of the League of Arab States. We support the Federal Government of Somalia in any measures, within the framework of international legitimacy, that it decides to take to counter attempts to attack it. Fifth, we express our full support and solidarity with the position of the Somali State, namely that any measure recognizing the secession of the north-western region of Somalia is null and void, unacceptable, a flagrant violation of the principles of international law, blatant interference in Somalia’s internal affairs and an utter violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia, entailing grave implications for regional peace and security and exacerbating political tensions in Somalia, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa. Sixth, we consider Israel’s actions as a dangerous attempt to redraw the geopolitical map of the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea — the gateway to the Somali coast — and call on the international community to address these actions as a threat to regional and international peace and security, freedom of navigation and international trade. Seventh, we categorically reject any form of displacement of the Palestinian people from their land and State and any attempts to change the demographic composition of the Palestinian territory as amounting to the crime of genocide and grave breaches of international law and international resolutions and undermining efforts to achieve a just, comprehensive and lasting peace. In this context, we affirm our rejection of the use of Somali territory as a platform for these aggressive Israeli schemes. Eighth, we emphasize our categorical rejection of the use of any part of the territory of the Republic of Somalia as a platform or launch pad for any hostile or intelligence-related activities to target other countries and undermine their security and stability. Ninth, we stand ready to mobilize the necessary support for the Government of the Federal Republic of Somalia with a view to securing the adoption of United Nations resolutions that affirm the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia and reject the recognition by Israel as null and void and a threat to international peace and security. Tenth, we urge all States and international and regional organizations to refrain from any official or semi-official dealings with the authorities of the north-western region of Somalia, known as the Somaliland region, that fall outside the framework of Somali sovereignty. We affirm that any violation of the territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia constitutes a hostile act towards the Somali State and Arab and African States and a violation of the rules of international law for which the perpetrators must be held accountable. The Secretariat of the League of Arab States will work in close cooperation and coordination with the Government of the Federal Republic of Somalia, the African Union Commission and the United Nations Secretariat to counter Israel’s recognition of the north-western region of Somalia, known as the Somaliland region, as a threat to international peace and security under Articles 34 and 39 of the Charter of the United Nations. We will take the necessary measures to prevent new hotbeds of conflict in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, promote political stability and security there and guarantee the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia. In conclusion, the League of Arab States underscores the imperative of considering this move by Israel as a threat to international and regional peace and security and the need to compel Israel, the occupying Power, to immediately revoke this decision, which is a flagrant violation of the rules of international law and the principles of multilateral international relations. The League of Arab States points to the special responsibility of the Security Council to enforce the rules of the Charter and international law and to compel Israel to immediately reverse this flagrant violation and revoke this recognition. It stresses the urgent need to intensify international and regional efforts to reach a comprehensive settlement of the Somali issue so as to restore peace and stability through full adherence to international law.

I now give the floor to the representative of Türkiye.

I thank you, Mr. President, for convening this meeting at a time when the principles of the international order are once again being openly challenged. We also thank Assistant Secretary-General Khiari for his briefing. Following on from the joint statement issued on 26 December by the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of a broad group of countries, including Türkiye, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, I will make three points today. First, Türkiye unequivocally rejects Israel’s announcement, which constitutes a clear and serious violation of international law and the Charter of the United Nations. The unilateral recognition of a region that is a part of a sovereign United Nations Member State directly undermines the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-interference. This announcement constitutes another example of the Netanyahu Government’s unlawful actions aimed at creating instability at both the regional and the global level. Such conduct can neither be normalized, ignored nor excused. Secondly, this announcement sets a dangerous precedent with far-reaching consequences. Undermining the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia — a United Nations Member State — is a blatant threat to international peace and security and risks encouraging fragmentation and instability, particularly in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea. Moreover, this step by Israel, who persists in its expansionist policies and spares no effort to prevent the recognition of the State of Palestine, amounts to an explicit intervention in Somalia’s internal affairs. Decisions regarding the future of the Federal Republic of Somalia and the Somaliland region should and will be taken by the Somalis alone. Lastly, Türkiye reiterates its full and unwavering support for the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia over its entire territory. We reject any measures aimed at undermining Somalia’s unity or weakening its internationally recognized borders, as well as its focus and efforts to combat Al- Shabaab terrorism, which we support. We also reject any attempts to link this step to broader agendas that violate international law, including efforts aimed at the forcible displacement of the Palestinian people from their land, which are unacceptable in principle and must be rejected in all their forms. Türkiye remains firmly committed to peace and stability in the Horn of Africa. We will continue to stand by the Federal Government and the people of Somalia and to work relentlessly with regional and international partners towards this end. In this context, we expect the Security Council to uphold its responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations and to respond clearly to actions that threaten the sovereignty of a United Nations Member State as well as international peace and security. We also call on all United Nations Member States to explicitly reject Israel’s announcement recognizing the independence of the Somaliland region of the Federal Republic of Somalia.

I give the floor to the representative of Djibouti.

At the outset, Djibouti wishes to reiterate its gratitude to Slovenia for convening this urgent meeting on a matter of profound consequence for international peace and security and the stability of our region, the Horn of Africa. Djibouti fully aligns itself with the statement made on behalf of the African members of the Security Council. It also endorses the many important statements by the African Union, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the League of Arab States and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, as well as the 21 countries in the region and beyond that have condemned the actions by Israel, which took the unilateral decision to recognize the breakaway region, the so-called “republic of Somaliland”. This decision is in direct violation of established international norms and legal principles. These norms are embedded in the founding texts of the African Union and its Constitutive Act, which has the stated objective of defending the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of its member States. Respect for another State’s sovereignty and territorial integrity is an essential principle of the Charter of the United Nations. Accordingly, the Security Council has insisted, in its resolutions, on respect for Somalia’s territorial integrity and unity. Today, Israel’s reckless decision undermines these principles, defiantly violates the United Nations Charter, arrogantly challenges the authority of the Security Council, as it is wont to do, and threatens the foundations of the international legal order. It amounts to intervention in Somalia’s affairs, insofar as these actions foster the independence of Somaliland and the breakup of Somalia. It constitutes an unlawful transgression of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of the Federal Republic of Somalia, of which Somaliland is a constituent part. It sets an extremely dangerous precedent and encourages further fragmentation. Such unilateral actions risk inflaming tensions within Somalia and across the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea, emboldening armed groups, bolstering terrorist groups and unraveling the hard-won gains of the United Nations, the African Union and the Somali Government in our collective efforts to promote peace, security and stability in the country. In this regard, this Council should take very serious note of the analysis made by the Somali Government on the potential security ramifications of the destructive move by Israel in its press release dated 26 December 2025 as well as the various declarations made by concerned countries and organizations in the region and beyond. We also take note of the Federal Government’s decision to reject the forced relocation of Palestinians in Somalia, as this is a crime under international law. By virtue of its sovereignty, Somalia enjoys the full range of sovereign powers over its territory and the activities taking place therein. This unlawful contract is the product of the extreme distress — which is, moreover, incomprehensible — of certain representatives of a region in northern Somalia, who show little concern for the aspirations of the majority of the clans that make it up. They place their trust in, and entrust themselves to, an occupying Power that is largely indifferent to its obligations under international law and confident that it has unlimited impunity, to the point of making itself guilty of systematic genocide against the Palestinians. This is an occupying Power that proudly places itself outside the international system and feels no need whatsoever to justify or explain its deliberate position. This Power has no interest in presenting itself as a “great explainer,” and its actions instead reveal a determination to present itself as a “great destroyer,” including of the Charter of the United Nations, which it has repeatedly torn to shreds in the General Assembly Hall. Djibouti reaffirms its unwavering support for the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia. We therefore call on this Council to reaffirm clearly that no State should attempt to disrupt the national unity and territorial integrity of another State by extending unilateral recognition to a breakaway region of a sovereign State. Secondly, unilateral recognitions of secessionist entities undermine international law and pose a threat to peace and security. Thirdly, peace and security must be preserved through respect for existing borders. In closing, let me reiterate: sovereignty and territorial integrity are not negotiable. We repeat and underscore what we said two weeks in Djibouti’s statement delivered during the Council’s open debate on leadership for peace convened by Slovenia (see S/PV.10067 Resumption 1). The legitimacy and continued relevance of the twenty-first century United Nations will be decided in Africa. Africans are rightly gravely concerned by the repercussions and implications of this negative development for the security and stability of the continent. Hundreds of millions of people in the Horn of Africa are watching us today and are expecting the Council to take vigorous action. The Security Council must respond with clarity, courage, resolve and fidelity to the principles of the United Nations Charter.

I give the floor to Mr. Matug.

At the outset, I would like to congratulate you, Mr. President, and congratulate the Republic of Slovenia on the success you have achieved as President of the Council during the month of December. We thank the presidency for swiftly responding to the request to convene this important meeting, a request made by the three African members of the Security Council plus (A3+) and supported by China, Pakistan and the Russian Federation. We also thank Assistant Secretary-General Khaled Khiari for his informative and insightful briefing. We fully align ourselves with the joint statement on behalf of the A3+, delivered by Ambassador Abukar Dahir Osman, Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic of Somalia. The African Union would like to express its grave concern about the latest developments in the Somaliland region. In this context, the African Union unequivocally underscores its firm, unwavering position, which is based on the principles of the African Union enshrined in article 4 of its Constitutive Act. This article clearly affirms the inviolability of respect of borders existing on achievement of independence. The African Union categorically rejects any initiative or measure that aims to recognize Somaliland as an independent entity. Somaliland remains an integral, indivisible part of the Federal Republic of Somalia. Any attempt to undermine the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia is inconsistent with the foundational principles of the African Union. Such acts threaten to set a dangerous precedent, with grave repercussions for peace and stability in our African continent. The African Union expresses its grave concern about measures that are inconsistent with the international consensus based on the principles of international law. Genuine adherence and full compliance with the Charter of the United Nations require the recognition of the legitimate right of the Palestinian people to establish its independent State, which is recognized by the vast majority of States Members of the United Nations, rather than taking unprecedented, provocative steps vis-à-vis a region in our African continent. Once again, we reiterate Africa’s historical, principled and collective commitment to the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, including its right to self-determination and to establish its independent State, with Al-Quds Al- Sharif as its capital. We reaffirm the unwavering commitment of the African Union to the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia, and we reiterate our full support to the efforts by Somali authorities to consolidate peace and strengthen State institutions. The African Union will continue to stand with determination alongside Somalia in its efforts to achieve sovereignty, peace and sustainable development.

I now give the floor to the representative of Egypt.

I would like to begin by expressing my sincere gratitude to you, Mr. President, for your prompt response in convening this important meeting at this critical time. I would like to emphasize that Egypt’s participation today stems from the deep historical ties between Egypt and Somalia. Egypt was one of the first countries to recognize Somalia’s independence in 1960 and has since remained faithful to its unwavering commitment to supporting Somalia’s path to stability. We continue to remember with pride and honour the sacrifices of our martyrs, who gave their lives in support of Somalia’s independence and to preserve its territorial integrity, in a sincere embodiment of the bonds of brotherhood and shared destiny between our two peoples. As the Somali State moves forward with building its national institutions, continuing its courageous fight against brutal terrorism and shaping a new future that turns the page on the past, Somalia now faces a new challenge in the form of Israel’s announcement of its recognition of the so-called Somaliland region. This move sets a highly dangerous precedent, constitutes a flagrant violation of the principles of international law and the Charter of the United Nations and is a direct attack on Somalia’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity. Recognizing the independence of parts of the territories of States is not only an infringement on their sovereignty, but also a direct threat to international peace and security and a clear contradiction of the established principles of international law and the foundations upon which the African Union was built. The wisdom of the founding fathers of the Organization of African Unity in adhering to the borders inherited from the colonial era was aimed at averting conflicts, preserving the unity of States, maintaining the political and social fabric of the African continent and strengthening regional cooperation instead of stoking sources of division. In accordance with the joint statement issued in coordination with 21 Arab, African and Islamic countries and in partnership with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, and in line with what we heard moments ago in the statements delivered by the representatives of the League of Arab States and the African Union, Egypt joins them in categorically and unequivocally rejecting Israel’s recognition of the so-called Somaliland region. It condemned this move in the strongest terms, as it constitutes a direct violation of Somalia’s sovereignty, unity and integrity and poses a grave threat to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, which is a natural extension of Egypt’s national security interests. This solidarity reflects the nature and scope of international rejection of Israel’s move, and we expect the core group of countries and organizations rejecting it to grow in the coming days, given the grave dangers entailed by such a move, which may fuel similar tendencies and practices in other regions of our world. Egypt therefore calls on the Council to unite in rejecting and condemning this Israeli move, which will undoubtedly have serious repercussions for the security, stability and safety of millions of African and Arab peoples living in East Africa and the Horn of Africa, especially since its timing coincides with sincere regional and national efforts to resolve any pending intra-Somali issues between the constituent parts of one people. This month, with the commendable efforts of the United Kingdom, the Council reaffirmed its support for Somalia by extending the sanctions regime imposed on Al- Shabaab and extending the mandate of the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia, in support of efforts to build the capacities of the Somali State and reconstruction and development efforts. Unfortunately, however, Israel’s unilateral action undermines these constructive collective efforts and fundamentally contradicts the principles on which the Council has based its approach to Somalia over the years — indeed, over decades — emphasizing Somalia’s unity and sovereignty over its entire territory. Instead of devoting our efforts to encouraging the Somali Government to make further efforts to consolidate the foundations of stability, move forward on the path of reconciliation and expand political participation, we find ourselves, unfortunately, forced to deal with the repercussions of Israel’s unilateral actions, which undermine these efforts, threaten the political path that the Council has long advocated and even destabilize the region and drag Somalia into regional conflicts that do not directly concern it. The security and stability of Somalia is an extension of the security and stability of Egypt. Therefore, Egypt considers that any move that could fuel unrest in Somalia would not only have repercussions within Somalia, but would also threaten to spread uncertainty and destabilize the entire region, supporting the plans of terrorist organizations, particularly Al-Shabaab, to exploit the current situation to expand their terrorist activities, thereby posing a real threat to regional and international peace and security. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize the responsibility incumbent upon the Security Council to nullify the repercussions of Israel’s unilateral action, not only to protect the credibility of the Council’s long-standing handling of the Somali issue but also to uphold the Council’s role in preserving the principles on which the Charter of the United Nations and the international order based on the rule of law are founded. We expect the Council to send a clear and unambiguous message that Somalia’s unity and sovereignty cannot be tampered with under any pretext and that any attempts to undermine them are totally unacceptable.

I now give the floor to the representative of Kuwait.

At the outset, I am honoured to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of Arab States, which expresses its deep appreciation for the convening of this meeting in the light of a dangerous development that undermines fundamental principles of international law and threatens peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, thereby negatively affecting international peace and security. The Arab Group affirms its categorical rejection and condemnation in the strongest terms of Israel’s announcement on 26 December 2025, recognizing the so- called Somaliland region, which is part of the sovereign territory of the Federal Republic of Somalia. The Arab Group considers this declaration to be an illegal, null and void, unilateral act that has no legal effect, as it constitutes a flagrant violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia and a blatant breach of the rules of international law and the Charter of the United Nations. The Arab Group stresses that the north-western region of the Federal Republic of Somalia is an integral part of its sovereign territory and that any attempt to recognize its secession, directly or indirectly, constitutes a dangerous precedent that would undermine the established principles of the international order , threaten regional and international peace and security and exacerbate political tensions in Somalia, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa region. The Arab Group considers that this illegal Israeli recognition is part of dangerous attempts to redraw the geopolitical map of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia and constitutes a direct threat to regional and international peace and security, as well as to freedom of navigation and international trade, which requires a clear and firm response from the international community. In this context, the Arab Group reaffirms its full support for the security, stability, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia, by land, sea and air; its legitimate institutions; and its right to defend its territory in accordance with Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations. The Group categorically rejects the use of the territory of the Federal Republic of Somalia, or any part thereof, as a platform or launching pad for any hostile or intelligence activities that could undermine the security or stability of other States. The Arab Group affirms its categorical rejection of any form of displacement of the Palestinian people from their land and attempts to change the demographic composition of the Palestinian territories. It stresses its rejection of the use of Somali territory as a platform for carrying out such aggressive plans, considering this a grave violation of international law and internationally legitimate resolutions and an undermining of efforts aimed at achieving a just and lasting peace. The Arab Group calls on the Security Council to fulfil its responsibilities in accordance with Articles 34 and 39 of the Charter of the United Nations and to take a firm stance against this illegal Israeli action, in order to ensure the protection of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia, prevent the creation of new hotbeds of conflict in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region and preserve regional and international peace and security. In conclusion, the Arab Group reaffirms unequivocally that the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia are not subject to discussion or compromise and that any infringement thereof, under any pretext or cover, constitutes a flagrant violation of the rules of international law and the Charter of the United Nations, and a direct threat to regional and international peace and security. The Arab Group stresses that it categorically, legally and politically rejects any attempts to impose a new reality in Somalia, redraw its geographical and political map, or deal with any entity outside the framework of the legitimate institutions of the Somali State. The Arab Group will continue to stand firmly and unwaveringly with the Federal Republic of Somalia, supporting its security, stability and territorial integrity by land, sea and air, and backing all legitimate measures it takes within the framework of international law to defend its sovereignty. It also calls on the international community, led by the Security Council, to shoulder its full responsibilities and to take the necessary clear and decisive positions to prevent the undermining of Somalia’s sovereignty or the creation of new hotbeds of conflict in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, in order to preserve regional and international peace and security and to consolidate the principle of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States as a fundamental pillar of the international order.

I now give the floor to the representative of South Africa.

South Africa commends you, Mr. President, and the Republic of Slovenia for the able manner in which you have presided over the Security Council for the month of December and for your principled approach during the entire two-year term that you have served on the Council. We thank Assistant Secretary-General Khaled Khiari for the briefing. At the outset, we wish to emphasize that we are meeting in the Security Council, a body defined by rules and laws that are part of the larger framework of international law, which we, as Members of this Organization, committed ourselves to, in order to ensure the orderly and legal functioning of international relations. We all signed the Charter of the United Nations and pledged ourselves voluntarily to the international legal norms that flow from our obligations. It is regrettable that we are meeting again to discuss the blunt violation of the letter and spirit not only of the United Nations Charter but also of international law. Unfortunately, when we condone the steady erosion of the Charter and international law, we allow some of us within this Organization to believe that they are beyond the bounds of the rules and are thus not accountable for any violation of international law. We have within our midst a State that continuously violates the resolutions of the Council and the Organization with impunity, a State that violates international treaties, including the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. That State, the State of Israel, which has been allowed to get away with myriads of transgressions and continues to this day to violate the very laws and norms that we all hold dear now sees it fit to undermine the territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia, a fellow Member State of this Organization. It has done so by being the first State to recognize the illegal secession of a part of Somalia’s territory. In 1964, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the precursor of Africa’s continental body, the African Union, adopted a resolution which considered that the borders of African States on the day of their independence constitute a tangible reality. The OAU furthermore solemnly declared that all Member States pledge themselves to respect the borders existing on their achievement of national independence. This principle is further entrenched in article 4 (b) of the Constitutive Act of the African Union, which clearly states that the Union shall be guided by the respect of borders existing on achievement of independence. This principle of uti possidetis reaffirms that colonial borders at independence must be respected. These principles have been the legal basis of the approach by the continent to the principles of territorial integrity and self-determination, which are also enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations. It is for these reasons that South Africa firmly and unequivocally rejects any attempt at undermining the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia. We affirm that Somaliland is an integral part of Somalia. We reiterate the statement of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission that any attempt to undermine Somalia’s territorial integrity runs counter to the fundamental principles of the African Union and risks setting a dangerous precedent with far-reaching implications for peace and stability across the African continent. The actions of the State of Israel, as the only State to recognize the illegal secession of a part of Somalia’s territory, must be condemned as a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and international law. It is ironic and cynical that Israel wishes to be the only State to recognize Somaliland while at the same time rejecting the recognition of the State of Palestine, which the overwhelming majority of Member States have recognized as being legal in terms of international law. It is incumbent on the Council and the entire United Nations membership to safeguard the norms that have come to define our peaceful interactions. Actions that negate peace, such as the actions of the State of Israel, therefore warrant condemnation.

I thank the representative of South Africa for the nice words addressed to my delegation. The representative of Sierra Leone has asked for the floor to make a further statement.

I thank you, Mr. President, for the opportunity to say a few words on behalf of my delegation, as this may be the final formal meeting of the year. As Sierra Leone concludes its tenure on the Security Council, allow me to first extend sincere appreciation to you, Mr. President, and to the delegation of Slovenia for a successful presidency and for the steady and professional manner in which you have guided the work of the Council this month. As a Council member elected by the General Assembly for the 2024-2025 biennium, Sierra Leone places on record its firm conviction that we have endeavoured conscientiously and resolutely to discharge our responsibility in line with international law and in faithful fulfilment of the Charter of the United Nations. Throughout, we have sought to build bridges through partnership, anchored in principles, guided by pragmatism and driven by the Council’s responsibility to maintain international peace and security. We have also endeavoured at all times to uphold the solemn responsibility of the Security Council, set out in the Charter of the United Nations, to act on behalf of the entire membership of the United Nations. In that spirit, we are grateful to colleagues across the membership who have described Sierra Leone’s contribution as one marked by moral authority and strategic clarity, anchored in the defence of international law, justice and our shared humanity. Let me also renew our thanks to all members of the Council, permanent and elected, for the solid cooperation during this demanding period. We extend particular appreciation to our fellow three African members of the Security Council plus one and to the wider elected 10 members for their solidarity and collaboration. We particularly express deep appreciation to the outgoing members, the class of 2025 — Algeria, Guyana, the Republic of Korea and Slovenia — for the partnership and solidarity and for the commitment shown in navigating a complex and contested period. We also warmly congratulate the incoming members — Bahrain, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Latvia and Liberia — and extend our best wishes for a successful and impactful tenure. To Somalia, the incoming President of the Council, we convey our best wishes for a smooth and successful presidency. The monthly rotation of the Council presidency remains one of the clearest expressions of the sovereign equality of States enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations. The Council’s rotational presidency is a value-based institution that must be respected and safeguarded. I also express Sierra Leone’s profound gratitude to our colleagues in the Secretariat for their professionalism and steadfast support throughout our tenure. In particular, we thank the Security Council Affairs Division and all Secretariat colleagues, from conference officers, interpreters, translators and technical teams to safety and security personnel, whose dedication ensured that the Council’s work could proceed often under intense pressure and whose quiet excellence underpinned every meeting. I also wish to place on record a special acknowledgement of the dedication and commitment and work of the diplomats of the Permanent Mission of Sierra Leone, whose professionalism and sacrifice over the past two years contributed meaningfully to the Council’s work in the service of peace. With regard to the important topic under consideration in this meeting, Sierra Leone reiterates once more the clear position expressed by the three African members of the Security Council plus in the statement delivered by the Permanent Representative of Somalia, affirming unequivocally the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia. These are not optional ideals; they are foundational obligations under the Charter of the United Nations and the bedrock of Africa’s stability and international peace and security. Yet, this matter again demonstrates a deeply troubling reality: fundamental principles of the Charter are being disregarded, and the Council risks being drawn into a period marked by blatant disrespect for international law — an environment that can be perceived as enabling impunity. Sierra Leone underscores with clarity its firm belief that this seeming era of impunity is a blight on our collective security system, and it will not endure. Accountability — legal, political and moral — will ultimately put an end to any illusion of impunity, as the alternative cannot be a reset but an erosion of the very framework built to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war or from hell, as aptly said by former Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld. Lastly, Sierra Leone leaves the Council with a deepened conviction that reform of the Council is not merely desirable but imperative. The historical injustice against Africa must be redressed fully and without further delay if the Council is to retain legitimacy, credibility and effectiveness. Until that reform is realized, Sierra Leone encourages all members to uphold the heightened responsibility entrusted to the Council to act with restraint, fidelity to the Charter and an unwavering commitment to international law, so that 2026 and beyond may be more stable and peaceful.

The representative of Guyana has asked for the floor to make a further statement.

Guyana’s position on today’s agenda item has been fully expressed in the statement delivered on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council plus (A3+) earlier by Somalia. However, I wanted to add these few words. As this seems likely to be our final meeting for the month and year — and it is certainly never certain — and Guyana’s last meeting as a member of the Security Council, I take this opportunity to commend you, Mr. President, and the delegation of Slovenia for a successful presidency for the month of December and wish Somalia the very best for its presidency in January. Guyana was honoured to serve as an elected member of the Council for the past two years. During our tenure, we were steadfast in our commitment to contributing to the maintenance of international peace and security and placed respect for the Charter of the United Nations and international law at the centre of our efforts. We leave the Council even more resolute in this commitment and thankful for the opportunity to have made a modest contribution. I extend Guyana’s heartfelt appreciation to all Council members for their support and partnership during our tenure. I also thank the Security Council Affairs Division and United Nations staff for the kind support provided. To our A3 brothers and sisters, joining the A3+ mechanism was one of the best decisions Guyana made at the start of its tenure. We are deeply appreciative of the partnership, friendship and cooperation we enjoyed with Algeria, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Somalia and the Permanent Observer Mission of the African Union. Special appreciation also extends to our fellows in the class of 2025, who, like us, will move on at the end of this month. We extend best wishes to the incoming members of the Council — Bahrain, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Latvia and Liberia.

The representative of Algeria has asked for the floor to make a further statement.

I would like to put forward two points. The first is to wholly concur with what, to my mind, appeared to be an extemporization — a superb and a pertinent one, nonetheless — regarding the difference in nature and substance between the situation in Palestine and the situation in Somaliland, which, in our view, is an integral part of Somalia. Secondly and to put it most succinctly, I wish to convey my admiration for you, Ambassador Samuel Žbogar, your team and your country for the thoroughness and the dedication you displayed during your term on the Council. I can attest to the fact that you were the catalyst of the unity among the elected members of the Council, and that you succeeded in bringing us together around the goals of a fairer world, a world of peace and a world of security. I would not want to close without paying tribute to my colleagues, the three African members of the Security Council plus, in particular to the one from a non- African country, who, throughout this term, strove to defend in no uncertain terms African causes within the Council. I am referring to our colleague from Guyana, Ambassador Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett. At a time when Algeria is going to leave the Council with a sense of having done its duty, I would like to tell my elected member colleagues, but also those who will have the weighty task of joining the Council, to persevere and to seek always to join forces with all members of the Council, elected and permanent, in the pursuit of our shared goal — my foible is to believe this — the preservation of international peace and security and to that I would add justice, which is what gives the elected members their relevance.

I thank the representative of Algeria for the statement and the very kind words address to my delegation. The same thanks go to the delegations of Guyana and Sierra Leone — the class of 2025. There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. Before adjourning the meeting, as this seems to be the final scheduled meeting of the Council for the month of December, I would like to express the sincere appreciation of the delegation of Slovenia to the members of the Council and to the secretariat of the Council for all the support that they have given us. And if I may, in my capacity as the representative of Slovenia, I would also like to thank everyone and send special thanks to our fantastic team, both the Permanent Mission of Slovenia to the United Nations and the Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs, back in Ljubljana. Indeed, it has been a busy month and one in which we rallied to consensus on several important issues within our purview. We could not have done it alone or without the hard work, support and positive contribution of every delegation and the representatives of the Secretariat, including the technical support team, conference services, officers, interpreters, translators, verbatim reporters and security staff. As we end our presidency, I know I speak on behalf of the Council in wishing the delegation of Somalia good luck in the month of January. On behalf of the Council, I would also like to express the sincere appreciation of the Council to the five outgoing members — namely Algeria, Guyana, the Republic of Korea, Sierra Leone and Slovenia. As President of the Council. I want to thank them for their contributions during their term on the Security Council. I want to thank Council colleagues for the cooperation and camaraderie that they extended to our group, the class of 2025 — one of a kind. We were privileged and honoured to serve on the Council. We did our best to live up to the expectations of the Organization’s general membership, which we represent on the Council. The meeting rose at 5.30 p.m.