S/PV.1017 Security Council

Before we begin our work. 1 should like to express through the representative of France, the Council's gratitude toMr. Armand Bérard who, as representative of France, presided ovet our proceedings during the month of June. He did sa with discretion, clarity and wisdom, andwith such courtesy that one delegation felt constrained ta acknowledge this at least twice during one afternoon's debate. In the course of his presidency, Mr. Bérard made an effective contribution to the work of the Councilwhich not only calls for our app;reciationbut is in conforrnity with a tradition which, with the co-operation of members of the Council, will, 1 venture to hope, guide my ewn cenduct of the affairs of this Council. 1. nous au du délibérations pondération, courtoi'sle ~ Pendant travaux toute à ration durant 2. If 1 may. take the liberty of speaking personally, 1 have come, since my cOIll1exïon with the United Nations, to value very much the friendship and wise counsel of Mr. Bérard. His towering. figure, his white hair and his distinguished performance will undoubtedly be rnissed by members of the Council. 1 am 2. des l'amitié stature, longtemps du 4. This ward "permanent" should inspire a certain humility in us, because here we are no more permanent than all buman things, but 1 should like to see h.. this ward "permanent" the expression of the constant desire of aU of us ta seek solutions to probl6ms which unfortunately are also permanent but which we want to solve by peaceful meanS. Âdoption of the agenda The agenda was adopted. Admission of new Members ta the United Nations (,2) Letter dated 27 June 1962 fram the Ministei' far Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Rwanda addressed ta the Secretory-General (5/5137); Letter dated 1 July 1962 from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Rwanda addressed ta the Secretary-Genera1(S/51371Add.1); --Cable doted 2 July 1962 from the President of the Republic of Rwanda oddressed ta the Secretary-General (5/5137/Add.2), <!!) Cable dated 4 July 1962 from the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Burundi oddressed ta the Secre;(!ry-Genera! (5/5139), Letter dated 4 July1962 from the Prime Minister of the Kingliom of Burundi addressed ta ;he Secretory-General (5/5139/Add.l)

In bis letter dated 19 July 1962, addressed ta the President of the ,8ecurity Council, the Permanent Representative of Belgium indicated [8/5146] that bis cOlUltrywouldwelcome anopportunity to be heard during the Council's examination of the applications of Rwanda and BurlUldi for admission ta membership of the United Nations. If there is no objection, 1 shaH consider that the Council agrees to invite the representative of Belgium to participate without vote in the discussion of this question. At the invitation of the President. Ml'. Walter Lol'idan (Belgittm) took a ·place at the Cauncil table.

Before the COWlcil begins its discussion on the applications for admission ta membership submitted by the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi, 1 should like to recaU that on 27 June of this year the General Assembly adopted resolution 1746 (XVI), paragraph 9 of which reads as follows: "Recommends that, after the proclamation of independence on 1 July 1962, Rwanda andBuru.'1dishould

1 should aiso like ta draw the attention of members of the COilllCil te two draft resolutions on this question that have been tabled in the Dames of the delegations of France, Ghana, Ireland, the United Arab Republic and Venezuela. One draft resolution relates to the application ofRwanda [8/5147] and the other ta Burundi [8/5148]. 9. Finally, in order ta expedite the discussion this afternoon, 1 should like ta prepose that representatives address themselves ta the two applications together in their speeches. Once thediscussionhasbeen c(lncluded, the COWlcil will, of C0Urse, take separate votes on the two applications. 10.. Mr. LORIDAN (Belgimn) (translated from French): May 1 first of all, Mr. President, thank you and your colleagues who are members of the Security Council for having allowed the representative of Belgiun:. to participate in this meeting, ta which my cOWltry attaches particular importance. 11. The COWlcil is meeting ta examine the applications for rnembership of two new African states, Rwa11da and BurWldi, for membership of the Ullited Nations. It has before it two joint drait resolutions, submitted by France, Ghana, Ireland, the United Arab Republic and Venezuela, recommending that the Generai Assembly should admit the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of BurWldi ta membership of the United Nations. . Etats 12. For forty years Belgium assmned respo11sibility for administering these territories on behalf of the internatiorial commWlity. It feels thatthe long association between Belgium and the peoples of Rwanda and BurWldi makes it particularly weIl qualified ta give authoritative testimony regarding the recent developments and the present situation of these new states, whose applications for admission the COWlcil is now examining. 13. My cOWltry has made a special point ofgiving its moral sponsorship ta the admission of Rwanda and Burundi to the United Nations and it is glad ta have the honour of adding its voice to those other voices .of warm and unanimous recommendation which will undoubtedly be heard inthe Council. Belgium cor::siders that in sa doing it is fulfilling a dutY of fraternal friendship for the two cOWltries which it undertook ta guide towards independence and which it is proud ta see taking their place today in the great farnily of independent nations. 14, When, in 1919, the Supreme Council of Allied Powers entrusted Belgimn wïth a mandate over the Territory of Ruanda-UrWldi, 1t would have seemed rash indeed to predict that forty-three years later these two countries of Central Africa would become independent States, participating in international llie on an equal footing; with other State.s. Nevertheless IS. These peoples, crowded together in lands which are unproductive although of breath-taking beauty, reared in the hard 8chool of poverty, brought aIl their enthusiasm to bear on the common taskof establishing the political, economic and social foundations of democratie states. What would political emancipation have signified if it had not bèen based on social advancement and material progress? The Administering Authority therefore applied itself to this twofold task from the very beginning. Education, which is thebasis for tb~: awakening of peoples and for human progress, was widely disseminated and the opportunities for instruction wère welcomed with an enthusiasm which showed the thirst for learning withwhich theAdministration's efforts were met. After primary education, after. secondaryeducation, a universitywas established at Uswnbura which has a great future before it as a centre of cultural influence. 16. Belgiwn's reaponsibUity for this Territory was confirmed in 1946, when the Trusteeship Agreement was ratliied by the General Assembly; its primary task here was literally to help the population to keep alivein a land which was over-populated, Wlblessed by Nature and characterized by rugged terrain. The Belgian Administration may weIl be proud of its intensive efforts to overcome the periodic famines which had formerly decimated the population. As a result of the work of specialized research and agronomical stations, the traditional crops \Vere increased, new food crops were introduced and a constant struggle was waged against soil erosion, the scourge of deforested bills. The visiting missions of the Trusteeship Council which went to Ruanda-Urundi were able ta report that the impressive wark accomplished in thoae and other fields had been done by the people themselves with the encouragement of the Administering Authority. Concentrated efforts also had ta be made to lift Rwanda and Burundi out of a subsistence economy by introducing cash crops, notably coffee and cotton. The principal financial income of the population comes from these cash crops, the production of which is entirely in their hands.Byhelpingto improve the production, treatment and procesaing of coffee, the Office des cafés indigènes of Rwanda andBurundi, a body which ia maintained jointly by the two States, has enabled this essential crop.to attain an enviable position on the world markets. 17. There 1s no navigable waterway in Rwanda and Burundi and the population 1s widely scattered over the hills. The Administration therefore had ta set 18. 1 do not want to weary the COlmcil with tao many technical details of an economic nature. 1 felt it my duty, however, ta provide some information to give the Counci! a better idea of the two countries which are Hs concern today and to show that, now that modern teclmiql1es have enabled them to emerge from their isolatior., they are in a position ta play a useful part in international relations. 19. As saon as the first steps to organize the Trust Territory had been taken, the Administration turned its attention to the promotion of social progress by the enactment of legislation on wages, family allowances, industrial accidents and 50 forth. There are noW trade unions representing aIl shades of opinion. Numerous social welfare centres have become active, particularly in promoting and improving the status of women. The emancipation of women was confirmed by the introduction of universal adult suffrage in the legislative elections of 1961. Rwanda and Burundi have a large network of health services. Thanks to the systematic campaigns which have for years been waged against the major elldemic diseases, sleepin.~ sickness has vL:tuaIly disappeared and malaria il.'! definitely on the decline. One of the l'esuits of these efforts in the field of health has been a remarkable drop in the infant mortality rate. On several occasions when the Trusteeship Council was called upon to examine conditions in the Tel'ritol'Y, it commented on the noteworthy progress which had been made in the field of public health. 20. During the last ten years considerable progress bas been achieved in the capital equipment and infrastructure of the two countries as a result of a ten-year plan for the economic and social development of Rwanda and Burundi. To give some idea of the scope of this effort, it will be sufficient ta recal! that the advances made byBelgium tomeet the deficHs of the extraordinary budgets which had tobe passed in order to enable the plan ta be carried out amounted ta more than $84 million. In order to continue the eco- Domic development of the two countries and to raise the level of living of the inhabitants, Rwanda and BUrlUldi will still need financial andtechnicalaidfrom abroad. In spite of aIl the perseverance of the hardworking people of these two countries, budgetary difficulties will be inevitable. In resolution 1746 (XVI) the General Assembly, aware of the problems in that field, e"xpressed the hope that aIl Member States of the United Nations would render such economic and technical assistance as they could to the new States of Rwanda and Burundi. Belgium, for its part, did not wait for that appeal buthas stated on several occasions that Rwanda and BurW1di can count On its support. 21. In January last, Mr.SpaakdeclaredintheGeneral Assembly: n\Vhen Rwanda and Burundi have attained independence and if they sa wish. Belgium is ready 22. Belgium therefore hop~s.to continue, on a new basis, the efforts that it has tindertakeninthese countries, with which it hasformedclosetiesof solidarity. Technical assistance agreements covering a transitional period of three months after independence have already been concluded with each of the two Governments, They provide inter alia for maintaining a staff of Belgian e.'qIerts and technicians amounting to sorne 160 for Burundi, about 130 for Rwanda and forty-five for the common services of the two States. Belgium has now proposed to the Government of Rwanda and that of Burundi that they should send their Prime Ministers to Brussels in order to establish an assistance programme covering a longer period. The Prime Ministers have already accepted fuis invitation in principle. The co-ordination of Belgium's effortswith those of the United Nations and of other international institutions, which my country intends to promote, could in this matter of assistance prove to be of the greatest benefit ta the new States. 23. 1 think 1 have thus shown that the economic and social bases on which the two States will be able ta found their progressive development are sound. 24. In the political field, too, these States are provided with democratic structures which are the result of a long process of development undertaken in accordance with Article 76 of the Charter, which the Administering Authority has constantly borne in mind in carrying out its mission. The present Governments of the two States have come to power as a result of general elections heldunderthe supervision ofa United Nations Commission. Rwanda and Burundi were prepared gradually for independent political life. As far back as 1943, a decree of the Belgian authorities transferred part of the powers previously held by them to the indigenous Administration of Ruwanda- Urundi. In 1952 the powers granted to the African authorities were further extended to a large number of matters which had previouslybeen reserved for the Belgian Administration. Moreover, that,Act provided for the establishment of an advisory councll for each African authority. In 1957, the Visiting Mission of the Trusteeship Council considered that the Territory would henceforth be able to assimilate an increasing number of far-reaching reforms, and the Trusteeship COWlcil expressed the opinion that the Territory had reached a turning-point in its evolution, thanks to the persevering efforts of the Administering lJ The complete text of the statementmadeby Mr. Spaak at the l274th meeting of the F"ourth Commineewas circuIatedas document AjC.4j5.30. li This sratement was made al t1Ie 1309thmeetingof t1Ie F"ourth COm_ minee, the Official record of which was published in summary form. This passage is quoted from theverbatim record of the meeting (AjG.4j PV.1309). 25. As a result of these popular consultations, a Republic with a presidential régimewas set up in Rwanda. Mr. Kayibanda was elected President of the Republic; an Assembly. elected on the basis of direct universal suffrage, participates in the exercise of legislative power. 26. Burundi is akingdomwiththe Mwami Mwambutsa, a constituticnal monarch, at its head. Under the constitution, the legislative power is exercised collectively by the Mwami and the Parliament, which is elected on the basis of universal suffrage. 27. After the installation of the Governments in the two countries. Belgium, in order to markthe autonomy of Rwanda and Burundi officially, signed protocols with thern in December 1961 which granted them full powers. Only 8. few matters werereservedwhichwere essential to the exercise of responsibilities of which the Adrninistering Authority could not divest itself without contravening the Trusteeship Agreement. It was therefore to GO'lernments that were alrea.dy familiar with the responsibilities of power that full and entire sovereignty was handed over on the day of independence, 1 July 1962. que moment 28. During these last few years, things have not always gone smoothly in the Trust Territory. Sorne incidentE occurred which led the General Assembly ta make specific recommendations with regard to this Territory. But fortunately tension bas abated..Thetwo States have started out on their independent life in order and tranquillity. WhO could fail to rejoice at fuis? The populations of both countries are animated by a cornmon desire to build up their countries on peaceful foundations. Belgiurn is convinced that Rwanda and Burundi intend to participate in international relations in a spirit of peace and co-operation between aH peoples, in keeping with our Charter. 29. The Belgian Governmenthopes that, incompliance with the wishes of the two new States, the Security Council will unanimously adopt the draft resolutions before recommending the admission of Rwanda and Burundi to the United Nations. Thi.s will be the final consecration of their independence, which has already been recognized by many states, some of which have proposed the estabHshment of diplomatie relations with these two countries. certains des 30. At this solemn hOt'. 1 their history, myGovernment wishes to reaffir-. -,t this rostrum its desire to live. in co-operation ana friendship with Rwanda and 31. Belgium is looldng forward to seeing these two Central African countries seated in the United Nations among the other active representatives of that rapidly evolving continent. 32. Ml'. Mahmoud RIAD (United Arab Republic): It is with great pleasure and satisfaction that 1 t&ke the floor today to support the requests of the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi for admission ta membership of theUnited Nations. My delegation maintained throughout the debate which took place in the General Assembly with regard to these two Si~:6:': African countries that independence should be proclaimed forthwith. My delegation also stated clearly that Rwanda and Burundi's independence and sovereignty should be full and complete. In line with this, we upheld the views of both Governments regarding the speedy withdrawal of foreign troops from their territories, emphasizing our faith and confidence in the ability of their leaders and their peoples ta solve whatever problems might arise. 1 am confident that when the secretarY-General reports ta the General Assembly at its seventeenth session he will give us a happy report on the true implementation of the 1'esolution 1746 (XVI) adopted by the General Assembly in JWle last. 33. On behalf of the Government and the people of the United Arab Republic, 1 should like to express our best wishes for the welfare and prosperity of the Republic of Rwanda and theKingdomofBurundi.We trust that once adnlitted ta theUnitedNationstheywill make together with the other Member states a valuablecontribution ta the work of thisOrganization. Wehope that the day will soon come when aH the other African people that are still struggling for their independence will take their rightful place in this Organization. 34. My delegation esteems it a great privilege ta cosponsor. with other members of the Council, the two drait resolutions which 1 submit formally ta theSecurity Council for its consideration. The draft resolutions recommend that Rwanda and Burundi be aumitted ta membership of the United Nations. 1 think that 1 need not say any more than to eXpress the con:" fident hope that aIl the members of this Council will give their support to the cIrait resolutions before us. 35. Ml'. MILLET (France) (translated from French): The security Council is meeting today ta consider the application for admission of two new states, the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi. 36. On 1 July, my country joyfully welcomed the attainment of sovereignty by these twoAfricannations which have come to jaïn the ever-increasing throng of States Members of thl'; United Nations. France, which is linked to Africa by particularly close and friendly ties, was profoundly touched by the fact that the Governments of Rwanda and Burundi, which are bath French-speaking countries, expressed the desire 37. The interest the United Nations takes in Rwanda and Burundi is of long standing. The work of the Trusteeship Counci! and the deliberations in the Fourth Committee of the General Assemblyhavefamiliarized us with these two countries which, siter an initial period under German administration, were placed from 1919 onwards under the mandate, and laterunder the trusteeship, of Belgium. This past history and the persevering efforts that have characterized it have led to the emergence of these two states, which have chosen to be independent of one another: the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi, 38. Although Rwanda and Burundi have manyfeatures tn cornmon from the geographic, ethnie and social point of view, they have nevertheless always constituted two separate entities, which were only brought together under a single administration by the organization of the mandate andthenof the trusteeship. Theil' political development, especially in thelastfewyears, has led them to follow different paths: in Burundi the traditional monarchy has been upheld, while developing towards constitutional forms, whereas Rwanda chose a republican régime as the result of a referendum held under United Nations supervision. 39. The General Assembly took note of thatevolution and in resolution 1746 (XVI) of 27 June 1962 decided to tf;rminate the Trusteeship Agreement non 1 July 1962, on which date Rwanda and Burundi shallemerge as two independent and sovereign States n. It also unanimously recommended that these two new nations should be admitted as Members of the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of the Charter. 40. The Republic of Rwanda a..d the Kingdom of Burundi do in fact fulfil the conditions set forth in Article 4 for the admission of new Members. They have st@.ted that they accept the obligations of the Charter, they appear ta be capable of fulfilling them and are clearly willing to do sa. Havingworked for so many years to consolidate the national unity of their peoples and ta carry out their economic development programmes, these two States will, 1 am sure, be resolved ta act, in their international relations, as ttpeace-Ioving States". 41. In their national awakening and in their effort ta prepare themselves for the tasks which await them, the two States have been greatly assisted by the Administering Authority, which has led them progressively towards the goals which the Charter has set for the Trusteesrnp System. The work that Belgium accomplished. in a spirit qf complete disinterest-and France would like to pay a special trib·...te to that work-and the resuUs that it has achieved show that the confidence of the League of Nations and of the United Nations were weIl placed. 42. Just as, at the politicallevel, the governmental institutions of the. future States were established well in advance, so was their territory progressively provided with an economic infrastructure: an excellent 43. Tt is llOW the responsibility of the Governments of Rwanda and Burundi ta continue and complete the task. They will have to face many problems in their efforts to l'aise the levei of living of theïr people despite the rapid population growth. to develop thelr natural resources andto improve the capitalequipment of theïr aountdes, In this burdensome task wlùch they are bravely undertaking, the two Goveruments will not be alone. Like many other States l\'Iembers of our 01'- gal1ization, they will have to have recourse to foreign aid. Such was the opinion of the United Nations Commission which visited them recently. The United Nations has a special responsibility in thatconnexion,as the resolution of 27 June 1'ecalls, but the new States, in the exercise of theü' sovereignty. may tu1'n to whomsoever they wilL If they turn to Belgîllm and if the latter responds favollrable to thei1' request, we shaH be only too pleased, for the effectiveness and disinterested character of the aid furnished by the former Administering Authority has already been demonstrated. 44. In this' connexion, moreover, the plan for an economic tmion which the two Govel'nments adopted at Addis Ababa on 19 April shouldplay an important l'ole. Without. wishing to intervene in the affairs of these two States, may we.e:x-press the hope that this Agreement will be implemented without delay, for we feel that it is essential that there should be friendly relalaUons behveen Rwanda and Burundi. Independence should signify for them steady development in peace and in friendship. 45. It is with great satisfaction that my Government recommends that the Rwandese Republic and the Kingdom of Burundi should be adrnitted as Members of the United Nations. For many years ithas observed with sympathy the steady progress they have made, as well as their trials andtheir hopes. On the occasion of the admission of these two States to the international community, France is glad ta couvey ta them its congratulations and its hopes for the prosperity of théir peoples. 46. Ml'. O'SULLIVAN (Ireland): Ml'. President, the delegation of Ireland is very glad to join your bwn delegations of France, the United Arab Republic, and Venezuela in sponsoring the two ~aft resolutions recommending to the General Assembly the admission of the kîngdom of Burundi, and the Republic of Rwanda, to membership of the United Nations. 47. For those of us whoparticipatedin the consideration by the Fourth Committee of the question of the future of Ruanda-Urundi, fuis is a particularly happy occasion. The accession of these two new African States to full independence. whichoccurred on the tirst of this month. and their admission to membership of this ûrganization, will set the sealon many long weeks of wor" devoted to the solution ofone of the most com.,. plex problems with which the Fourth Committee has had to dea!. 49. The twentieth century, with its thirst for liberty, has brought revolution and change to Rwanda and Burundi, as to other parts of the African continent. The old beliefs and institutions have beeu upset by the irresistible movement towards national identity. It is our hope that the ethnic differences which have in the past divided the peoples of this region cau now, with the achievement of their naHonal aspirations, be cemented into one whole, and that each will make its own contribution to the future welfare and prosperity of these two new nations. . 50. The movement towards national independence and freedom in Africa is one of the great historic facts of the twentieth century. The sympathyfeItforthis movement by the IrishGovernment andpeople is weIl known. It is our earnest hope that this evolutîonwill take place peacefully and that the l'ule of law, rather than the rule of force, will finally determine the emergence of Africa's peoples ta their rightful place among the nations of the earth. Our concern is not only for the interests of international peace and security but for the interests of the African peoples themselves. Theeconomic and social problems which face this great continent are immense, and they will still remain long after the political problems are solved and fargotten. Peace and stability are vital factors in the social development of Africa and in the evolution of the economic and camme~('cial relations between Africa and the l'est of the world, which are sa important for the progress of that continent. 51. During the debat~s on Rwanda and BurlUldi in the General Assembly, the Irish delegation did not make any secret of the fact that its main preoccupation was ta ensure that îndependence would be achieved in an atmosphere of order and stability. The dangers which threatened the two emerging States are sufficiently familiar to those who have studied the report of the two United NationsCommissionsforRuanda-Urundi•.Y and need not he retraced here. The resolution finally adopted by the ~neral Assembly on 27 June was a wise compromise whichfully respected the sovereignty of the Governments of BurlUldi and Rwanda, and left them free ta take any measures they feIt necessary in order ta ensure stable and orderly administration. We note with satisfaction that the weeks whichbaveintervened since the grant of independence have been free from disturbances. We hope that this happy situation y OffiCial Records of the General Assembly, Sixteenth Session, Annexes, addenda to agenda item 49 (Aj4994 and Add.l and Aj5126 and Add.l). 52. The politic'al reconciliation which has been achieved in Rwanda, and the efforts which are being made to implement the economic agreement of Actdis Ababa are further indications that the new Governments are setting about their tasks with energy and realism. This is hardly surprising in view of the high level of statesmanship displayed recently in these halls by the distinguished representatives of Burtmdi and Rwanda. The President of the LegislativeAssembly of Rwanda, Ml'. Rugira, and the Prime Minister of Burundi, Ml'. Muhirwa, impressedus aIl by the patience and comprehension with which they received the many views pu.t ta them on theirpresent andfuture problems. It is hardly too optimistic to believe that in the hands of suah leaders the administration of their two countries will go forward with every assurance of success. 53. My delegation conveys to them and totheirHeads of State, the Mwami of Burundi and the President of Rwanda, our sincere good wishes for the future happiness and prosperity of tlleir respective peoples, and our sense of pride atbeing associatedwith their applications for admission to membership of the United Nations. 54. Ml'. SOSA RODRIGUEZ (Venezuela) (translated from Spanish): My delegation has been particularly pleased ta co-sponsor, with the distinguished delegations of France, Ghana, Ireland and the United Arab Republic, the two draft resolutions now before the Counci!, in which we recommend the admission of the two new independent States, the Kingdom of Burundi and the Rwandese Republic. to membership of our world Organization. 1 am sure that 1 am faithfully interpreting the feelings of the people of Venezuela in expressing my satisfaction at the emergence to independent existence of these two new African States wl)ich are about to add their voices to those of the international communay and to co-operate \Vith us in the difficult task of defending international peace and stability. 55. It is especially gratifying when the transition of Trust Territories to independence takes place in perfect harmonyj and congratulations are therefore due not only to the peoples of Rwanda and Burundi, but also to the Administering Authority-which succeeded in preparing them for and bringing them to fuis moment-and to the United Nations, which helped them to achieve independence inhappycircumstances. Amid aIl the difficulty and bitterness revealed by the present international soene J lt ls truly encouraging when the endeavours of the UnitedNationsprove effective and successfuL 56. We have seen how asystemorganizedandplanned within the framework of our Charter-always granted the good will, which we have enjoyed in the present case, of the Powers most closely concerned-can develop felicitously and lead States ta independent lite wHl":.out the violence and bloodshed that we in other C01.~ntri.es experienced during our struggle for indepelYlence in the last century. 1 believe that this represt';nts a new triumph for the United Nations and a ilew reason for confidence in the strength of this 58. We witnessed aIl thi8 in the Fourth Committee when the question of Rwanda and Burundi was under discussion, and in conformity with OUI' traditional principles we supported the re801utioo unanimously recommending, for these two countries, the independence which was 50 happily achieved on 1 July of fuis year. 59. 1 wish ta availmyselfofthisopportunityto convey the warmest congratulations of my people and my Government to the peoples of Burundi and Rwanda, as weil as ta the Mwami of Burundi and the President of Rwanda, and every good wish for the future progress of tl1elr countries in this newphase oftheir independent existence. 60. Ml', LIU Chieh (China): It is my pleasant duty on behalf of the Chinese Government and people to give warm support to the candidacy of the Republîc of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi for membership of the United Nations. In recent years we have witnessed the emergence in rapid succession of many independent States and their admission as equal partners in this Organization. 61, One of the principal objectives of the United Nations Is the promotion of free politicalinstitutions and their progressive development towards self-government and independence. In fuis respect 1 think the :United Nations has special reason ta be proud today as we welcome to our midst two more new States that have sprung forth in the heart of the Mrican continent. Sorne years age, when 1 had the privilege of serving on the Trusteeship Council,Iwas able tofollow closely the progress of Ruanda-Urtmdi in various fields. It is therefore particularly gratifying for my delegation that within a comparatively short span of years the peoples of that Te~'ritory are now fully qualified and prepared as separate sovereign States to play their part in world affairs. It also 1'8dounds to the credit of Belgium, as the hitherto Administering Authority, that it has helped. considerably ta bring about the peaceful transition ta independence and has nOwoffered to continue technical and eoonomicaidandotherforms of co-operation with the new States. 62. At the beglnning of this month, my Government sent a special envoy to attend the independence ceremontes in the Republio of Rwanda and has reacbed a mutual agreement to establish diplomatie relations with that new State. My Governmentalso looks forward to the maintenance of equally amicable relations with the Kingdom of Burundi. 63. In supporting the draft resolution now before the Counou, may 1 express in the name of the Chinese Government and people our best wishes for the future 65. The event we are nowcelebratingisan auspicious one. because it demonstrates that theprinciples which have been proclaimed are being implemented and are being consolidated to an encouraging degree. The active self-determination of peoples has led to the creation of two new States. in keeping with the wi8hes of their inhabitants, and with the assistance of Belgium, the former Administering Authority, whose harmonious co-operation it is our dutY to stress and praise. 66. Today, we reiterate the hearty congratulations already conveyed by the Government and people of ChUe at the time when these twoworthy sister nations aéhieved their independence, and 1 extend ta them our sincere wishes for the increasing prosperity thatthey deserve ta enjoy. 67. With ·regard ta the applications for admission which the Rwandese Republic and the Kingdom of Burundi have submitted to us,mydelegationconsiders that bath these States fulfil the conditions laid down in Article 4 of the Charter, and we shall therefore give them the warm welcome that we believe they merit. 68. When our Organization has been enriched by the admission of these new Members, my delegation will be proud to co-operate with these young States, as well as with the other countries aIready represented in the United Nations, in achieving the 10ftYpurposes at which we aim together, thatpeace and that progress the securing of which today. more than ever, demands our constant effort.

The Government of the United Kingdom have much pleasure in giving their full support ta the applications of the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi for membership of the United Nations. 70. Rwanda and Burundi have a particularly close link with titis Organization in that they have been administered under the Trusteeship provisions of the Charter, and before that were under the aegis of the League of Nations. 71. The world has, therefore, in the broadest sense. been responsible for their development to nationhood, and it is a fitting cuhnination of that association that on independence they should apply to join the United Nations. . 72. 1 am happy ta have this occasion, on behalf of Her Majesty1s Government in the United Kingdom, ta wish the Republic of Rwanda well on its accession ta independence and ta express the confidence thatitwill make its full contribution ta international society and ta this Organization. 74. Rwanda and Burundi were the last Trust Territories in Africa, and this in itself makes their independence of particular signüicance in United Nations history. 75. In welcoming Rwanda and Burundi ta the United Nations, we must not forget the efforts of the former Administering Authority ta bring fuese countries to independence, and 1 should like here to pay tribute to the manner in which the Government of Belgium carried out their task of trusteeship. 1 do not need to go into detail but we had only to see in the Fourth Committee the anxiety of the Belgian Government to ensure that every possible step shouldbe taken to secure the future tranquillity and prosperity of Rwanda and Burundi. 76. ln a world whose general well-being is soclosely bound up with the economic and social well-being of each and every Member, therewillbe international interest in assuring the success of Rwanda and Burundi. They can, 1 am sure, rely on the support of this Organization 'and of its individual Members in their efforts to promote the advancement of their peoples. They can certainly count on the support and goodwill of the United Kingdom, and we most sincerely look forward to the future progress of these two countries. 77. These applications for membership of the United Nations set the seal on the independence of Rwanda and of Burundi. No new Members are more welcome ta the United Nations than those overwhich the Organi- ,zatiçm itself h~s kept careful watchfor sa many years. 78. 1 need say no more than ta express the confident hope that aIl the distinguished members ofthe Council will joïn with US in giving support ta the ciraft resolutions before us.

Today, when the Security Council has under consideration the applications of the two newly independent African States of Burundi and Rwanda for admission ta membership in the United Nations, we deem it necessary ta observe in the first place that the Soviet Union.adhering ta the great principles of equalrights andself-determination for aIl peoples, has formally declared Hs recognition of ,the Kingdom of Burundi and the Republic of Rwanda as independent and sovereign States. 80. On 1 July, the day on which these two States proclairned their independence, Mr. Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, Head of the Soviet Government, and Mx. L. 1. Brezhnev. Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, sent ta Mr. André Mtùlirwa, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Burundi, telegrams of congratulation in which they stated that the peoples of the Soviet Union, following with great sympathy the African peoples' struggle for national liberation, exte~_ded sincere congratulations to the people of Burundi on the winning of Hs national freedom and independence, and wished it every sucoess in the economio and' cultural building up of its country. 82. In these telegrams the Soviet Government stated that it was prepared to establish diplomatie relationS with the Kingdom of Burundi and the Republic of Rwanda. 83. The emergenoe of two new independent African States-their number will increase still further in the caming months-ts clear praof of the fact that history is moving inexorably forward towards the day when the remnants of the colonial system will be finally remaved. We are firmly convinced that the day is not far off when 8011 the peoples of the long-suffering continent of Afrioa will be able to lead a free and independent life. For the peoples of Burundi and Rwanda, as for the peoples of many other African countries, the road ta independence has been a verydifficult one. Nonetheless, the peoples of Burundi and Rwanda still have many· difficulties ta overcome in arder to liquidate the economic backwardness resulting from a long period of domination by the colonizers, and to l'id themselves of the remnants of colonial rule. The attainment of independence must be, and has alreacty proved to be, a turning-point in the life of Burundi and Rwanda, now embarking on the course of political, econamic, social and cultura.l development which must be in line with the genuine interests of their peoples. 84. The people of the USSR who during forty-four years· of the Soviet State's existence. 'have covered the very long road ta the radical transformation of their country on completely new principles, haveparticularly sympathetic understanding for the hopes and aspirations of the new countries which are tbrowing off the colonial yoke and are making every effort ta overcome poverty and backwardness in order to liquidate forever the grievous heritage of colonialism and substantially raise their peoples' level of living. 85. The achievement of independence by the former colonies is a most important event in their history. But the attainment of formaI independence is not everything. The main task is undoubtedly that ofsecuring genuine independence, in economic as weIl as in other fields, and of strengthening and safeguardingthe poUtical independence won by many years ofstruggle. This is a11 the more important in that, as histarical experience shows, the colonial Powers, having been forced to grant formal independence ta theircolonies, are making every possible effort ta curtail that independence and to replace the old forms and methods of colonial subjugation by new ones. They aim to perpetuate, in practice, the exploitation of these new States, their peoples and their natura! resaurces. 86. It is no secret for any member of the Security Council, or for any other representatives of the Organization's Member States. that such a threatisvery rea! in the case of Burundi and Rwanda. It is known that Belgium, which held thepeoples ofthesecountries enslaved far sa long, i~ trying ta retain its hold on 88. As is known. under the General Assemblyls resolution 1746 (XVI) of 27 June 1962, the Belgian troops were ta have been withdrawn from the territory of bath States hefore 1 August: the earlier resolution 1743 (XVI) of 23 February 1962 had called upon Belgium ta effect such withdrawal by 1 JuIy. It will he recalled that, even before the adoption of this resolution, many delegations in the Fourth Committee and in the General Assembly had drawn the attention of Members ta the fact that postponement of the withdrawal of the troops until 1 August-which was what Belgium sought-was merely an additional manœuvre on the part of Belgium ta confuse world opinion and ta enable it ta retain, at aIl costs, Belgian troops in the territory of those countries. It was pointed out that the Belgians, if granted that new postponement with respect to the evacuation of their troops, would not fail ta exploit the opportunity with a view ta keeping those troops there for an indefinite period. 89. Today, when only five days remain before the date on which, in accordance with the June decision of the General Assembly, the last Belgian soldier must leave the territory of Ruanda-Urundi, we are compelled ta observe that the situation is in fact no better than it was one month agO. 90. The statement made today by the representative of Belgium and his very eloquent silence about the urgent problem of the withdrawal of Belgian troops from the territory of those two States need no comment. The sinister significance of that silence is perfectIy clear. After all, in his lengthy statementthe Belgian representative spoke about every conceivable thing. He praised the great Belgian tutor; he described how that tutor had triedto instructthe peoples of Ruanda-Urundi in the living of a good and healthy life, as though they had not led their own independent life uutil Belgium beganto control theirdestlny instead of their being masters of their own fate. 91. 1 shall not now dwell on all the aspects of this lengthy dissertation. Everything conceivable was mentioned except the burning question of the withdrawal of foreign troops, which was the central point of the whole discussion in the Fourth Committee and in the General Assembly itself and which remains a cause of concern to all freedom-Ioving peoples, not only in the Asian and African continents but in all states which advocate striét observance of the principles of the United Nations Charter. 93. For this reason it is essential that, as the distinguished representative of the United Arab Republic rightly reminded us in his speech. the Government of Belgium should unconditionally implementthe General Assembly's decision, on the withdrawal of Belgian troops from Burundi and Rwanda, contained in resolution 1746 (XVI) recently adopted by the General Assembly. 94. This is an extremely important requirement if the peoples of Burundi and Rwanda are ta overcome, in the shortest possible Ume, the difficulties still to be contended witb in the liquidation ofthe after-effects of colonial rule in these countries. the strengthening of their independence and the development of their eoonomy and culture. 95. It may be that the representative of Belgium will wish to exercise his right of reply and 1 am prepared ta listen to whatever he has ta say in answer to the situation which 1 have jus.t described, bt,;.;; let him say something specifie regardingthewitbdrawal ofBelgian troops from bath Countries. as called for in the General Assembly's decisiort. 96. Having made these necessary observations, 1 should like, in conclusion, ta wish the peoples of Rwanda and Burundi prosperity and every sueoess in their struggle for the free and independent development of tbeir countries. 97. For the building of a new life the young States. of course, first and foremost need peace; Reinforcement of the ranks of the United Nations therefore also means reinforcement of the ranks of the peace-loving fcrces fighting for the preservation of peace throughout the worId. In their efforts ta strengthen peaee and co-operation among nations. the peoples of Burundi and Rwanda can always couot on the understandiog and friendly support of the Soviet Union. We express the hope that, in the share which they will take in the work of the United Nations, the Kingdom of Burundi and the Republic of Rwanda will make their fitting contribution tawards the strengthening of the peace and seeurity of peoples. 98. The delegation of the Soviet Union will vote for the draft resolutions, submitted by a group of delegations headed by the delegations of the United Arab Republic and Ghana, which reeommend admission to the United Nations of the two new sovereign African States of Burundi and Rwanda. 99. Mr. HASEGANU (Romania) (translated from French): 1 should like first of all ta congratulate you. Mr. President, on your assumption of the office of 101. The Security Council has before it the applications of the two new Independent States, Rwanda and Burundi, for admission ta membership of the United Nations. The proclamation of independence is, for the peoples of these two countries, a truly historical event. It signalizes their victory in the heroic struggles initiated at the end of the last century, when the word ~interesting", written by Kaiser Wilhelm II in Count von CWtzen's report, opened the door for the colonialists to seize the territories ofRwanda and Burundi. 102. The struggle of the peoples of Rwanda and Burulidi to regain independence has been long and arduouS. It has cost the lives of many progressive patriots and these sacrifices continued until the very la5t moment. Only a few months before independence, Prince Rwagasore, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Burundi, was assassinated as a result of colonialist intrigues. 103. There is no doubt that independence will give full play ta the creative forces of the two peoples and wîl1 open up opportunities for making use of their economic and human potential, in the interest of the prosperity and progress of their countries. 104. The proclamation of the independence of Rwanda and Burundi on 1 July 1962 is part of the historic process of disintegration of the colonial system tbat ls one of the moat important positive factors of the present age and one of the essential elements for the peace and progress of the whole of rnankind. The Romanian People's Republic has always stood by the oppressed colonial peoples and has therefore supported their right to self-determination and independence. FaithfuI ta that policy, my country haUed the accession of Rwanda and-Burundi ta independence on 1 July 1962. tout Gheorghe maine 105. On that occasion Mr. Ion Gheorghe Maurer, the President of the Counqil of Ministers of the Romanian People's Republic, congratulatingthepeoples andGovernments of the two countries, stated that the Romanian Government had decided ta recognize the independent States of Rwanda and Burundi and voiced the conviction that sound co-operative relations would be established between the Romanian People '$ Republic and those two States. 106. It is in that spirit that my delegation will cast its vote in favanr of the two drait resolutions which have been subttdtted and in which·the SecurityCouncil recommends that the States of Rwanda and Burundi should be admitted to membership of the United Nations. 107. The admission of further African States to the United Nations will, 1 am sure,strengthenourOrganization and, abave a11, the forces/which are striving to free the oppressed colonial peop1es. We are conlOS. In welcoming and congratulating once again the peoples and Governments of Rwanda and Burundi on the occasion of theproclamationoftheirindependence, we voice the hope that the joint efforts of the two peoples, supported by an peace-Ioving States, will lead to a strengthening of their political and economic independence and of their material and spiritualprogress, for this will be in the general interest of peace and international co-operation.

1 thank the representative of Romania for bis statement, and especially for his kind reference ta my country. 110. Ml'. YOST (United States of America): The United states welcomes this meeting of the SEocurity Council to consider the applications for membership in the United Nations of the Republic ofRwanda andthe Kingdom of Burundi. We take satisfaction in warmly congratulating the Governments and peoples of Burundi and Rwanda ontheir splendid achievement. The peoples of Rwanda and Burundi reached the fulfilment of their inherent right ta govern themselves on 1 July 1962, when the independence of the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi was proclaimed after four decades under the stewardship first of the League of Nations and then of the United Nations. 111. We are pleased to note the progressive advance· of Rwanda and Burundi towards self-government and independence under Belgium, the Administering Authority. and with the assistance of the Trusteeship Council. As the United States is one of the countries which, from the founding of the Trusteeship System. have liaken an active interest in the wo:x:k of the Trusteesbip Counci!, it is with special pride and satisfaction that we weIcome the applications of these nations. We are also happy to acknowledge the efforts of the Belgian Government in carrying out its responsibilities under the Trusteesbip System and the selfless efforts for many years of the Belgian citizens who have worked in co-operationwiththepeoples ofRwanda and Burundi. We are gratiliedthatthebasisfor enduring frien~ship between Belgium and the two newStates has thus been created. despite efforts in some CJ)larters ta undermine that friendship and hence ta jeopardize the economic welfare of the peoples of the two States. 112. The President of Rwanda, Ml'. Grégoire Kayibanda. who has led his country from internai selfgovernment ta independence, is tobecongratulatedfor his efforts ta reconclle all of the Rwanda people so that aIl the Banyarwanda may tagether work towards the solution of the formidable problems which lie before them. Ml'. Kayibanda and the other leaders of 113. S. de geusement nos Ministre, la souhaitons d'élévation sort tout 113. The Chief of Btate of the Kingdom of Burundi, His Majesty the Mwami Mwambutsa IV, has wisely urged his people ta work hard in the task of building their country. We extend our best wishes to His :Majesty, ta Prime Minister Muhirwa andto the leaders and people of the new nation of Burundifor success in overcoming the difficult problems that face them, as a sO\'ereign State, in raising their standard oflivingand improving the lot of every Murundi. 114. tâche veaux: Unies" dernières émouvante sont bre je Rwanda la donc peuples joie par unie 114. The Security Counci! once againhas thepleasant task of voting to recommend the admission of new African States for membership in the United Nations. Many new states have been admitted in recent years, but the experience never fails ta move those who take part. The responsibilities each Member State bears in tbis difficult worlc1 of ours are heavy, but 1 have no doubt of the contribution which the people Qf Burundi and Rwanda can make ta furthering the causeQf human dignity and brotherhood. We therefore extend our sincere congratulatiQns to the Governments and peoples of Rwanda and Burundi and with great pleasure \Ve will vote in favour of the drait resolutions sponsored by France, Ghana, Ireland, the United Arab Repu-DEa and Venezuela. 115. l'avenir l'Organisation tants vations 115. We look fOl'ward with pleasure ta a happy and fruitful association i;J. the United Nations with the representatives of the two countries.

As there are no further speakers. 1 shaH now address myself, in my capacity as representative of GHANA, to the two drait reSQlutions, of which my delegation has the honour and privilege to he a co-sponsor. 117. The inell'orable forces that have led so-called colonial peoples to independence have given us. once again, cause to be gratified at the prospect of the admission of two new African States, Rwanda and Burundi, to the United Nations. The accessiGnoftbese two new StateS to independence is an importa.at mil6- stone in the political evolution of Central and Eastern Africa-a part of Africa whose struggles for independence have always met with such obstinate resistance from the colonialists. It is yet another breaeh in the wall of colonialism, through which the winds of change, now acquiring the momentum Qf a hurricane, will shatter all obstacles to the liberatiQn Qf other areas of that part of Africa and tQ the consolidation and maintenance Qf the independence of the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi. pour résistance 118. That is why the Government and people ofGhana have welcomed with such happiness the attainment of independence by these two new States. 1 once again express, on behalf of the Government and people of Ghana, our felicitations and congratulations ta the Republic of Rwanda ànd the Kingdom of Burundi 119. My delegation, however, cannot pass over in silence the difficulties that confronted these new States in their struggle for independence. difficulties which gave rise to considerable discussion in the debates that led to the adoption of General Assembly resolution 1746 (XVI) of 27 June 1962. In those debates there was much concern, for instance about the lack of foresight of the Administering Authority. There were serious misgivings about the problem of the withdrawal of Belgian forces and the measures to be taken for their replacement by the local authorities inorder ta ensure the maintenance of law and order. Doubts were even expressed by sorne whether their Governments re,aIly represented the aspirations of the peoples. On these. as indeedonotherrelated questions, my delegation in the Fourth Committee had an opportunity to express its views and 1 shall Dot tire members of the Council by reiterating them. 120. The important consideration here and now is that these difficulties, and the apprehensions they gave rise to, have not been completely dissipated. and my delegation cau only express the confident hope that, in the exercise of their sovereign rights, the Governments of the Kingdom of Burundi and the Republic of Rwandà will have the abflity and wisdorn 50 ta conduct their affairs as to maintain and consolidate their full and complete independence and not to give in to neocolonialist incursions. Let us hope then that, when the Secretary~General reports ta the General Assembly at its seven1eenth session in accordance with the resolution of 27 June 1962. the picture he presents will correspond to the objectives outlined in that resolution. 121. In conclusion, the Government and people of Rwanda and Burundi must l'est assured that at aIl times, ~n their efforts to resolve the problemshanded down from their colonial past, in their efforts ta stem the inroads of neo-colonialism. in their efforts ta work towards our common goal of African unity. they cau count fully on the sincere understandîng and brotherly support of the Government and people of Ghana. Independence and membership of the United Nations cannat he considered as ends. but as means ta build a happy future for the peoples of Africa and for humauity. It is within the cantext of complete Africau freedom and independence that the independ.. ence of Burundi and Rwanda will be meaningiul and effective. 122. These are the sentiments that have inspired my delegation's decision to co-sponsor the two draft resolutions under consideration and 1 accordingly express the confidence that distinguished members of the eouncil will glve them their unanimous support.

We shaH now vote onthedraft resolution relating to the application of the Kingdom of Burundi for admission to the United Nations [8/5148J. A vote was taken by show of hands.

In conformity with the provisions of rwe 60 of the provisional rules of procedure of the Security Council, 1 shaH transmit ta the Secretary..General, for forwardingto the General Assembly, the text of the two resolutions which the Security Council has just adopted. together \Vith the records of our discussion at tbis meeting. The meeting rose at 6.25 p.m. CTPRUS/CHYPIIE: PAoN 10 "I...nd.' Ih. OrUl eZECNOSLOVAItIA,JTCHÉCOS\.OY"QUIE, AFRICA/AFRIQUE C"NlEROON/t4N1EIIOUN: LlaRAIRIE OU PEUPLE .o.fRICAIN L. Oo..nl", B. P. 1197. y.ounM. DIFFUSION INTERNAfLONALE C"ME:ROUN"'SE OU LI.RE ET DE L" PRESSE:. SonK"'.hm•. ~~~~'6i~gV'E~~~~~';:7i~~~';:~'·ha. N~'adnl J;I~. 9. P,~ha. OENM"IK/O"NEM""I(, N.".g.de 6. Kpb.nh FINU,NO/flNL"NllE: 2 K••~u'~alu, H.I.;nk,. FRAHCE: ÊDITIONS 13. 'u. Soultlol. Pa,;, GERM"NY (FEOEII.\L "LlEM"GNE (F1tPUBLlQUt Il. EISENSCHMloT CONliO(Lêo~old.;Il.): INSTITUT POllTLQUE CONOOL"'S. 8. P. 2307, L'opolo.,Ue. ETHIOPIA/ÊTHIOPIE: INTERN"TlON"L PRESS "'GENCY. P. O. Bo. 120, MO,. "0.0•. liHAN", UNIVERSlTyaOOKSHOP Un,..,,,ly Coll.go al Gh.na. leilOn, "cor•. KEN"', THE E.S..... SOOKSHOP Ba. 30167. N."ob,. MOROCeO/MAROC: CENTRE DE OIFFUSLON ~OCUMENTAIRE Ou B_E_P.l. B. ru. M,ohau.·B.lla"•. R.b.t. SOUTH "FIIICAJ"fIlIQUE OU SUD, ....N SCH"'K'S BOCK STORE (PTY.), Lro. Chu'ch SI<••I. Bo< 724. P,.'o,,". SoUTolEPN II~OOESIA/RHODÉSIEOU SUD, THE eOOK CENTRE, F"" S1'••1. S.I,.Ou'y. UNITED ARAB AEPUBLIC/RÉPUBL/QUE ""ABE·UNIE' LIBR"IRIE ""L" RENAISSAtlCE O· OYPTE" ':< Sh. Mly Pa,h•• Cai'o. Sehw~nlh.,.,Sir. 59. ELWEIlT UND MEUR ER H.upl,l,a". 101. B.d,n·ScMOOO,,". "LHANOER HORN Spi.K.Ig•••• 9. W,esbad.n W. E, SA"RB"CH G..ttudonSlra••e 30. GREECE/GRtCE' LIBRAIRIE 2B. ruo du SI.d., "lMnn HUNG""Y/HONG"IE, P. O. ao. 149. Bud'O.'I lCUAND/ISL"NllE, EYMUNOSSON"R H. Au.lu"I...h lB, R",~,""I~. IREL"ND/'RU,NllE, ST"TIONERY OFFICE. lTA\.T/ITA,LIE, llBRERI" COMMISSION"RI" AStA/ASIE BUIIMA/BIIINI"NIE: CUR"TOR. GO.r. BOOK DEPOT, R.ngoon. CAMBODIAJC"MBODGE, ENTREPRISE KHMÈIlE DE LiBR"'RIE Imo,;m.,'. & Pap.l«;•. S. li R. L.. Phnom·P.nh. CUlON/CUU,N, L"KE HOUSE 800",SHOP A..ac. N.w.POP"" 01 C.ylon. P. O. Ba. 244, Colombo. CHINA/CHINE: V;~ Gina C.ppon; 26, & Yia Paola M.'cu'; 19/B, LUXEMBOURG, LIBIl"'RIE J. TR"USCHSCHUMMER PlOC. du TMIII'•. Lu•• NETHEIIL"NDS/P"Y5-B"S: N. V. M"RTINUS NIJHOFF Longo Yo«hou' 9. '.·O, NOIlWA.Y/NOIIVlGE: Ka,' Jall'"'8.le, 41. PCll.'oND/POLO-GNE: W....ew~. PORTUGA,L, LI.Il"RIA 1B6 Ru. "u,.a. L;.ooa. ROMANI"/ROUNlANIE: Sir. Ari.li~. Bri.nd 14·1B. P, O. Bax 134·I~S, Bu.u SP"IN/ESPAGNE, LIBRERI" BOSCH II Rondo Uni....;d.d. LIBRERI" MUNlll·PRENS" C.'101l6 37, M.drid. SWtlltN/SUtOE' C. KUNGl. HOVBOKHANOEL F'.d'K,'.n 2. Sloc~halm. SW1TZERL"NO/SUISSt, LIBRAIRIE PAVOT. S. H"NS RAUNHAROT. TUIIKU/TURQUIE, 4591..,.,.1 Cadde.;' ~~~~:~=~~n~~~~d~~~~~~ibo:~~;oeh. T.,w.n. THE COMMERCI"L PRESS, LTo. 211 Honan Ro.d. Shongh.;. HONli KONG/NONG_KONG, THE SWLNDON aoo~. COMP"NY 2S N.lhan Ro.d, Kowloon, INDI"IINDE, ORIENT lONOM"NS 80"'b••• c.loun•. Hv~.,~bad. Ma~... & N.w O.,h;. OXFORD BOO", & ST"TlONERY COMP"NY C.loulta & Now Oolh,- P.•"RADACHARY ~ COMf"NY. M.d,... INDONESIA/INDONESIE: PEMBANOUN"N. l TO. Cuoung S.h... 84. O,.k."•. J"PAN/JAPON, M"RUZEN COMP"NY. l TD. 5 To".N,chom•• N,hanb••h;, Tok>o. KoRE" (RlP, on/coRh (Ab, DE)' EUL_YOO PUBLISHING CO.. LTo. S. 2·K". ChooBno. Sooul. P"ItISfAN: TI-lE P"KIST"N CO·OPEIl"TI.E BOOK SOCIETY 0000•• E..l p.k'.lao. PUBLISI-lERS UNITED. LTo.. L'ha'o. THOMAS & THOMAS, Ka,ach,. PHILIPPIN[S, "LEMAR'S BOOK STORE, 76':< Rizal A~ . U•• M~n,I•. ·."'~ION Of SOVIET SoCI"LlST UNION DES IItPUilLIQUES SOYltTIQUES: ME.HOUNAROONAVA KNYIGA. Smol.n••••• UNITED KINGDONl/ROy"UNlt_UNI: H. M. STATIONERY OFFICE P.O, 8o. 569. Landoo, (.nd HMSO br.ncn•• B".101. Card'''. Ed,nbu,gh. YUOOSL"VIA,JYOUGOSLAYlE: CANKARJEVA ZAlO~8A Llubl,.n•. Slal'on... CR~"VNO PREOU2EéE Ju.o.'o.en.k. KnJ'K'. PIlOSYJET" S. T,g B,","" i Jod;n.lve, PROSVEY" PUBLISHING lmparl-E.pa'l O,.,.,on, Tora",e 16/l, a.Ogr••. POPUL~R 800KSTORE,I573 00<01.0 Jo.o, M.o"., SlNGAPORE/$ING"POUII, THE CITY 8CiOK STORE. LTO.. Caliye, Quav. TH"'L"ND/THAïu,NOE: PR"MUAN MIT. LTO. S5 Chok'~W", Ro.d. Wal fuk. BanK.ak. NIBONOH & CO" llO. N.w Road. Si'~k Ph,a Sr;, Ban8ka~. SUKS"PAN PANFT M~n.ion 9. Rai.d.mo.m " ••nue. B.ngkak. ~1~-::::-::.~~E:ET~~~~É;uE~)~HU IB5. ,ua fu·do, B. P. 28~. S><gan, EUROPE AUSTIIIA/"UTIIIcHE: ~:~0tf~l:R;~;'~~NY.O,.Oon 31. W;on. 1. LATIN AMERICA/ AMÉRIQUE LATINE ~~...~, S,"'~u..l'.... 10. S~lzbu'", OEORG FROMME & CO.. So.n".'..... 39, w,.n, V. aELGIUNI/BELGIQUE, AOENCE ET MfSS...O[RIr:S DE lA PRfSH. S. A. 14·22. 'u. du P...", B,u••"n,. BULG""IA,JaULGAFlIE: R"ZNOÏlNOS '. T.., "".n. So!'a. O,do.. ood ,nou"i.' !mm couol"•• wh.,. ,.1•••g.nc,•• h••e nol yel ~•• S.I•• Soc,,"n. Uml.d Nal«n., l •• camm.nd•• cl d.m.od•• do ,en..ignemeols ém.nanl d~ p.yS où il n'•• ONU. Now Ya,k d.·u.). ou • 1. So<tion d•• Litho in U.N. Priee: $U.s. 0.35 (or equivalent I<RGENTlNA/AIiGENTINE: SUOAMERICANA. S. A BOllYI"/BOLIVlt, llBRERIA C."II. 972. L~ Pa••