S/PV.1020 Security Council

lwish first to express appreciation to tbe President of the Security Council who conducted our meetings most successfully during the past month, drawing on the vast experience gained in his diplomatie work. 1should like to thank Ml'. Haseganu, the distinguished Ambassador of Remania-and 1 am sure that in doing so 1am expressing the general opinion-for hisdirecUon of our work during the past mont.h, work which led in particular to our admitting two new Members to the family of the United Nations-the State of Jamaiça and the State of Trinidad and Tobago. 1. permis à. avec mettant diplomatique. en Roumanie, travaux, d!admettre nisation: Tobago. 2. Under the guidance of Ambassador Haseganu, we also approved the annual report on the work of the Security Council to the General AssemblyY and once again l take the opportunity of expressing our deep appreciation to Ambassador Haseganu. 2. également sécurité occasion recormaissance 3. Ml'. HASEGANU (Romania) (translated from French): Ml'. President, 1 wish to thank you sincerely for the warm words you have just addressed ta me. 1should also like to thank the meinbers of the Council for the co-operative spirit they displayed during the month of ,;3eptember. The work of the Security Cauncil in September was for me personally and, 1believe, for the other members of the Council, too, a source of particular satisfaction. Two new States were recommended for admission to the United Nations. It is gratifying that you, too, have before you an equally important and agreeable task: ta considertheapplicatian for. admission ta the United Nations of the Demo- 3. je chaleureuses aussi de de cours sormellement, du ticulil:lre. pour Il votre Supplément

At today's meeting we have present with us His Excellency MI'. Fawzi, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the United Arab Republic. and His Excellency MI'. Aiken, Minister for External Affairs of Ireland. 1thinkI shall be expressing the general feeling of members of the Council if 1 welcome the personal participation in this Council meet1ng of bath Foreign Ministers, who play a prominent part b the work of the Organization. Adoption of the agenda The agenda was e.dopted. Admission of new Members to the United Nations Telegram dated 30 5eptember 1962 from the Head of Government of the Democratie ond Populor Republic of Algerio I1ddressed to the 5ecretary-Genera1(5/5172/Rev.l) 5. The PRESIDENT (translated from Russian): The COWlcil will now take up item 2 of the agenda-the application by the Democratie and PopuIar Republic of Algeria for admission to membership in the United Nations. This application has already been circulated [S/5172/Rev.1]. 6. In. connexion with this application, ten members of the Council have: submitted a draft resolution [S/5173]. 7. As representative of the UNION OF SOVIET SO- CIALIST REPUBLICS, 1 should now like to make a statement on the second item of the agenda. 8. Today is truly a great and joyful day for aIl te whom freedcm and national independence are dear. Algeria, which has become a symbol of heroism and of the struggle against colonial oppression, is preparing to become a new and fully fledged Member of the United Nations. One more page in the history of colonial enslavement has thus been turned. For 132 years the colonizers tried to break the will to fight of the freedom-loving Aigerian people and to subject il to foreign domination. 9. We Soviet people particularly understand and sympathize with the just struggle for national liberation in which the comageoUS Algerian people wereand indeed could not fail to be-vietorious. The historic victory won by the Algerian people in the eight-year war that was forced upon it was possible beeause Aigeria was not alone; it had the support of aU freedom-loving peoples. Acting in aceordance with !ts principle of assistîng peoples struggling against colonialism andfornationalfreedomandindependenee, the Soviet Union, together with a number of other countries, gave every possible support to the heroie people of Algeria. IIThis vietory, won at a heavy priee, gladdens aIl those to whom the eause of freedom alid independence of peoples is dear. Much blood was shed by the glorious patriots of Algeria, fighting se1flessly against the eolonizers' army, which was armed ta the teeth, and many sacrifices were made by the Aigerian people in the struggle for national liberation, before it succeeded in raising the flag of the independent Algerian State in Us own la.'."ld. IIBy its heroic struggle against the colonizers, the Aigerian people has also made an outstanding contribution to the ge,peral cause of the elimination of colonialism and the implementation of the United Nations resolution concerning the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples. Il Mr. Khrushchev concluded: "The end of the colonial war in Aigeria and the victory of independent Algeria are importantfactors in the easing of international tension.. 11 11. The conquest of independence by Algeria and '.'he creation of the Government of the Democratie and Popular Republie of Algeria represent new and important advanees along the path of freedom not coly for the Aigerian people, but also for aU the peoples of Africa. History is moving implacably forward, bringing nearer the day on which the hateful vestiges of the colonial system will be finally destroyed. The victory of the Aigerian people is an inspiringexample to other peoples still subjected ta colonial slavery. 12. The Algerian people and the Government of the Democratie and Popular Republic of Algeria will soon have ta solve many important problems. As pointed out in the cable addressed on 29 September 1962 ta Mr. Ahmed Ben Bella, the Head of Government of the Democratie and Popular Republic of Algeria, by Mr. Khrushchev, the Chairman of the Counci! of Ministers of the USSR: "••• the people of the Soviet Union, together with all true friends of independent Algeria, are firmly convinced that, by showing solidarity and vigUanoe, the Algerian people will successfully overcome any difficulties and obstacles in thepathofstrengthening the sovereignty of its State and of solving the important social and economic p:r;oblems which lie before it. 1I 13. The Soviet delegat:'r~, for its part, would like ta take this opportunity c .lole-heartedly wishing the IIThe Security Council, !IHavîng examined the application of the Deme..:. cratie and Popular Republic of Algeria for admission te the United Nations, "Recommends te the General Assembly ta admit the Democratie and Popular Republic of Algeria te membership of the United Nations." 15. In conclusion, the Sovietdelegationfeelsitnecessary te point out that the Democratie and Poptl.l,~r Republic of Algeria undoubteclly meets aIlthe reqüirements laid down in the Charter of the United Nations for the admission of new Members. Accordîngly, the Soviet delegation will he happy to cast its vote in favour of the admission of Algeria ta memberslùp in the United Nations. 16. We wish to expreSs the conviction that, in participating in the work of the United Nations, Algeria will make an important contribution to the strengthening of international co-operation and to the common cause of strengthening the peace and security of peoples. 17. Mr. FAWZI (United Arab Republicl: 1 am most grateful to you, Mr. President, and ta the Council, for your kind welcome and 1 am glad to participate in-the Council's work on the present auspicious occasion. Indeed, one of the happiest days in our lifetimes i8 this day when, after what General de Gaulle called the "peace of the brave", Algeria regains formally its rightful place in the world community of independent States. 1 have said "formally"because Algeria has, in the United Arab Republic and in many other lands, always been considered an independent State in point of right and of determination. We have always believed that, long before the formaI plebiscite which took place recently in Algeria, the Algerian people had gone through a far more important plebiscite which, with their blood and their souls, wrote and confirmed - most unequivocally their resolve te be free. 18. No nation" in bistory has earned its freedom and its independence more worthily or at a greater sacrifice. No nation could be more peace-loving. With the dust and the scars of battle and knowing profoundly what peace means, able and willing to carry out the obligations of the Charter of the United Nations, the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria requests admission to membership in the UnitedNàtions. Itis a distinct honour for the United Arab Republic to take part in introducing this request, which we are confident the Security Council will readily approve. 19. Algeria will not in fact he a newcomer ta the United Nations. Through many of its leaders and through Us delegation, Algeria has been with us for many years before. New with its axperience, its economy, its geographical position, its enthusiasm,

This is a momentons moment. Algeria is free andindependent, and at this afternoon IS meeting the Council has before it the application of Mr. Ahmed Ben Bella, Head of Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, for his country's admission to the United Nations. 21. It is with pride and a sense of duty that the Government of Ghana i8 co-sponsoring the drait resolution [8/51731, together with nine other members of the COWlcil, and it is with great emotion that 1 speak here with an African voice to support unreservedly Algeria's application for admission into our world Organization-for Algeria holds a specialplace among African States. Ghana has always understood this and has stood by the leaders and people of Algeria througb thick and thin, since our independence in 1957. We gave the Algerian <people every assistance that was possible within our limited resources and Ghana was one of the few States which readily accorded recognition to the Provisional Govemment of Algeria when it was established in 1959. 22. Over the past few yea:""s, since the National Liberation Front began the struggle for independence on 1 November 1954, the name of Algeria has been ta us a rallying cry-a cry of pain, a cry of triumph, a challenge against the forces of imperialism and reaction, and a cry of hope. Throughout their long and bitter struggle the hearts of Ghanaians, as of Africans everywhere, have been with the Algerian people. As Osagyefo, President Kwame Nkrumah stated the following before the General Assembly on 23 September 1960: "But, from whatever angle you view this problem you cannot escape from the fact that Algeria is African and will always remain so, in the same way that France is French. No accident of histery, such as bas occurred in Algeria, can ever succeed in turning an inch of African soil into an extension of any other continent. Colonialism and imperialism cannot change tbis basic geographical facto li colonialism and imperial1sm attempt to do tbis, we shall have nothing but the strife and confusion that we are witnessing in the world today."Y 23. Those words were spoken two years aga and we rejoice that the strife ls now at an end, and that Algeria has regained its independence with dignity and with honour. However, our profound happiness over Algeria's independence is tinged with sadness that the -~.•...•~;::~~~~~'~~: ~'~"(P~:' ,PI":~_M'=':::;' 869_ili •5, 24. As Osagyefo, President Nkrumah, put it in the Ghana Nati.onal Assembly only two days aga: "H Algeria ia now free, it is only at the cast of eight long years of war, during which we watched with aching hearts the systematic destruction ofour northern brothers. Even at the last moment, when the end of their struggle seemed assured by the peace treaty concluded at Evian. the people of Algeria found themselves the victims of sorne of the most inhuman acts of brutality ever recorded in the .history of mankind." 25. We pay tribute here ta the leaders of Algeria for their sustained and firm handling of the war against the French colonialists and to General de Gaulle who, alone of the French political leaders, saw the unwisdom and the futility of resisting the inexorable forces unleased by Mrican nationalism in Algeria. 26. The long struggle for Algeria's independencehas added great glory ta the African cause. The spirit of Abd-EI-Kader has passed on ta bis children. who have carried bis sacred cause to its just fulfilment. The independence of Algeria has resulted in the fall of yet another strong bastion of imperialism and is praof. if proof were needed, that other imperialist strongholds in Angola, in central and Bouthern Africa will soon he abandoned in the face of Mrican determination and challenge. Perhaps, the poet had Africa in mind when he said: "Come the three corners ofthe world in arms, and we shall shock them". 27. The delegation of Ghana believes thatthe application submitted by Mr. Ahmed Ben Bella on 30 September 1962 for Algeria's admission (S/5172/Rev.1] complies with the requirements of Article 40fthe Charter of the United Nations. What is more, the admission of such a mature and strong8tate cannotbut inJect vitality and fresh ideas inta the deliberations of the various organs of the United Nations. 29. Ghana wishes Algeria every success in its task of nation building. We are confident that the work of social and economic reconstruction in Algeria will be characterized by that same determination, resourcefulness and efficiency shown by the Algerian leaders during the way of independence. Therefore, Ghana., which has been working in close collaboration withthe Algerian nationalists, has no hesitation in recommending the unanimous adoption by the Security Council of the resolution before it. 30. Mr. AlKEN (Ireland): I should first of alllike ta thank the President sincerely for the referenee he so kindly made ta my presence at the Security Council table today. 1 very much appreciate the welcome he was good enough ta extend ta me. FOl" my part, 1 am glad to have the opportunityofparticipatingpersonally in the Councills wo:.'k at this historie meeting. 31. It gives the Irish àelegation deep andvery special satisfaction to join in sponsoring the draft resolution recommending that the General Assembly admit Algeria to mernbership of the United Nations. 32. Perhaps the greatestandmostfar-reachingpolitical development of the age in whicl?- we live is th!;! emergence into freedom and independence of so many peoples formerly subject ta alien rule. No Iess fuan forty Members ofthe Organizationtodayhavewon their independence aince the United Nations was founded in 1945, and the vast majority of them have attained that goal without bJoodshed, by a process of peaceful change. Algeria was not so fortunate. Ite people had to assert their freedom in arms, and no one knows what such a struggle can mean in terms of sacrifice and suffering. hardship and anguish, better than those who have had ta endure the experience themselves. On behalf of the Irish Governmant and people, 1 want to take tbis opportunity to pay tribute to the fortitude and courage of the people of Aigeria throughout the bitter years of their national struggle, as well as to the magnificent discipline andrestrainttheydil5played, ta the .admiration of the world, through the months 34. Algeria's struggle for freedom is now happîly ended. But it has served to illustrate once more a lesson which we believe the world will do well to noté. It reminds us that. as past histary has so often shawn, the spirit of nationalism, once aroused, cannot he crushed by force of arms. It may meet reversais, it may aven suifer temporary exhaustion, but sooner or later it will reassert itself and no military force, however powerful. can hope in the long run ta destroy it or to deny its just demands. 35. Let us hope that never again in Africa will there he a national struggle in arms such as that which Algeria endured. Let us hope that just naUonal demands which still remain unsatisfied, wherever they exist, will henceforth be met in the spirit of wise and realistic statesmanship which won for Algeria her freedom, and for France the esteem and admiration of a11 who have inherited from France's history the love of freedom and respect for the rights of man.

Today i8 a particularly joyfuloccasion for the Venezuelan delegation. We have come here today to recommend the admission of a free and independent Algeria to membership in the United Nations. For us who, throughout aIl the vicissitudes of the long process that has led Algeria ta independence, have always keptourfaithinAlgeriaandourfaith in France, and who have unwavertngly supported the cause of Algerian independence, it is a great reward and a very keen satisfaction to join with France in sponsoringthe drait resolution which is to usher heroie Algeria, now sovereign and master of its own destiny. into membership in the United Nations. 37. The independence of Algeria, achieved afteryears of bloody wariare, crowns the victory achievedthrough the sacrifice of its sons who fOl,lght and died ta forge the sovereignty of theirfatherland. This inclependence, 'y Agreements reached at EVÎan, March 18. 1962, between the repre_ sentatlves of France and the National Liberation Front. 39. At this historie moment, when the Security Council is opening the doors of the United Nations to the new Democratie and popular Republic of Algeria, l wish to extend the warmest congratulations of my country and my Go'lernment to aIl the people of Aigeria and to their illustrious leaders, and in particular ta Ml". Ahmed Ben Bella, their Prime Minister, and ta wish them the good fortune, peace andhappiness which they have earned Jhrough their bravery, their perseverance and the sacrifices they have made for the freedom of their country. 40. Ml". HASEGANU (ROmania) (translated from French): 1 should like to beginbyexpressingthe sense of deep satisfacti.on and joy which the Romanian delegation feels at this time when the Security COUDcil is meeting to recommend the admission of independent Algaria ta the United Nations. 41. Over the years, the cause of the Algerian people becarne a source of great concern to the international community, which recognized that the refusaI to gram independence ta Algeriarepresentednotonly aflagrant violation of the inalienable right of peoples to selfdetermination, but also a grave danger ta international peace and security. The proclamation of the Democratie and Popular Republie of Aigeria eonstitutes a great victory for the Alge!'ian people in their struggle for independence and sovereignty, and an outstandïng success for the cause of nationalliberation and peace. 42. The struggle of the Algerian people marks one of the most glorious pages inthe history of the modern world and of the liberation of peoples. For a long period, foreign domination succeeded in preventing the development of Algeria. Long beiore that country lost its tndependence, it was known as a powerful and weIl organized sovereign State, whichpossessedgreat resources and whase friendship was saught even bl} the great Powers of the world. But such domination did not succeed in stifling the Algerian people's desire for freedom. In 1834, Abd-EI-Kader said with pride and dignity: IlIf aIl the world's treasures were to be placed in the pockets of tuy burnous as the priee for selling our freedom, 1 would choose freedom". Such has been the reply whichthe whole Algerian people has rightly given throughout these 130 years to 46. The experience of Algeria shows quite conclusively that any attempt ta oppose the right of peoples to freedom and independence Is doomedtotatalfcilure and can only lead ta grave complications both for its instigators and for international peace and security. And it is an act of wisdom ta recognize this fact and to bow to the logic of histary in the interests of aU peoples and aU States. ! 47. The Romanian delegation warmly supports the application of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Algerian Republic for admission ta the United Natiçms. The Romanian delegation has joined other delegations in sponsoring a draft resolution in which the Security Council recommenda ta the General Assembly the admission of Algeria tothe UnitedNations. 48. The Government and people of Romania have a!ways supported the Algerian people's right ta selfdetermination and have followed with sympathy their struggle -for national independence. ,The day after the conclusion of the Evian agreements. Mr.IonGheorghe Maurer, Chairm:an of the Council of Ministers of the Romanian People's Republic, conveyed tothe Algerian people the warm congratlùations ofthe people and Government'of Romania on its greatvictory. Onthat occasion. the Government of the Romanian People's Republic granted de jure recognition ta the independent State of Algeria and expressedits desire ta establish diplomatic relations with that cOWltry in the conviction that the friendly relations existin~ between the Ro_ maliian people and the Algerian people wculd develop in evèry sphere and to the advantage ofboth countries. 49. The independence of the State of Algeria is the victorious c1il~nation of ,hard years of fightlng. It also marks the beginning of a difficult but splendid task-the construction of a fully independent and sovereign national Algerian-State. The complexity of this task is increased by the fact that it calls for a 50. The Government andthe people of Remania wholeheartedly wish the people and the Government of the Democratie and Popular Republic of Algeria every success in building an independent and sovereign national 8tate, in creating a prosperous economy and a flourishing culture. We are convinced that the Democratie and Popular Algerian Republic will make an active contribution ta the attainroent of the Purposes and Principles oftheCharterwithaviewto eliminating the last -vestiges of colonialism, promotingworldeconemie and sooial progress and safeguarding peace. 51, Sir Patrick DEAN (United Kingdom): It gives my delegation great pleasure to be one ofthe co-sponsors of the ciraft resolution now before us which recommende to the General Assembly that the Algerian Republic should be admitted to the United Nations. We asked to be cOWlted among the co-sponsors of this draft resolution because wefeltthatthis was an appropriate way of conveying to the Government and the people of the Algerian Republic the good wishes of my Government and of the people of Great Britain. . 52. My Government's recognition oftheindependence of Algeria on 3 July 1962 hasnowbeen followed by the establishment of diplomatic relations between ourtwo coootr1es, and my Government looks forward to that fruîtful collaboration between us in the UnitedNations and in the wider context of the world affairs which is our sincere desire. 53. It is fitting at this stage to pay tribute to those who, both in France and Algeria, haveby their wisdom and statesmanship brought into being the sovereign Algeria whose l'epresentatives are in this chamber today. Theil' achievement deserves to be recognized and welcomed by aIl who subscribe to the Purposes and Principles of our Charter. HereIjoinrespectfuIly in the warm tributes which have already been paid ta the courageous and farsighted firmness of purpose of General de Gaulle. 54. We do not forget that this happy result was preceded by long years of strife and bloodshed, which caused acute distress to aIl of us who are Members of the United Nations. But now a new chapter has begun for the people of Algeria as they embark upon full indepeodence. We are delighted that the timing of its entry iota independence has aIlowed Algeria ta apply to take its place in the United Nations at the be-- ginning of this seventeenth session of .the General Assembly. Algeria can be assured ofthe goodwlll here, not only of those with whom its ties are already close, but of many nations from aIl parts of the world who are ready and willing to establish with Algeria a relationship of friendship and confidence. 55. My own countryls ties with Algeria go backmeny years, and we for our part look forward eagerly to collaboration in many fields and, not least, inthe work of this Organization. 57. Mr. STEVENSON (United States of Americal:The United States joins enthusiastically in the congratulations ta the Government and people of Algeriaon their independence and on the establishment of their new Government. We share the universal joy that has been here expressedthat tbis long, exhausting andfratricidal conftiet 18 over and that a new day has dawned, and that ancient France and new Algeria, and an their mutual friends and admirers, cau DOW look forward to peace and progress instead of bitterness and bloodshed. 58. l made my first journey through that fascinating land of contrasts sorne thirty-five years aga, and this meeting here today in New York brings back indelible memories of the stirring days sa many of us spent in Algeriaand North Africa during the last war. Therefore, this is a moving occasion for me as weIl as for the Government and the people of the United States. 59. A tragic struggle has ended, and great bonour is due ta those who worked with patience and foresight and with steady purpose to end the Algerian war. The settlements signed at Evian. we believe, are worthy of the brave men who struggled to make them for sa long, but independence is not an end, it is only a beginning. We know only too weIl from our own history that the period of transition from dependence to independence is bound to be difficult. When the struggle has been bitter and long, the difficulties of readjustment are compounded. The wisdom and courage of General de Gaulle, the moderation and sagacity of Algeria,ls leaders, the forbearance of the Moslem population during the troubled months of bloody and lawless attempts ta subvert the peace in Algeria have aIl won admiration throughout the world. 60. Saon we shall welcome here ta the United Nations the first Prime Minister of independent Algeria, Ahmed Ben Bella. He and his associates have earned our admiration and deserve our encouragement for their efforts ta eDsure the security and the tranquillity of their people. ta organize an effective administration and to pave the way for economic recovery and development. 61. For the United States, the struggle in Algeria has been over the years the occasion for much soul searching. France is our oldest ally. We share many memories and common experience. We are happy, therefore, that the independence of Algeria finally came about with the positive participation of France. 62. No less satisfying ta us was the decision of the people of Algeria, who voted on 1 July in favour of independence in co-operation with France. Both countries have put on record their willingness to continue ta co-operate as sovereign partners. Algeria'a leaders have expressed the hope that those of European origin 64. le à l'Organisation part Etats donc recommande 64. The demonstrated capacity and character of the Aigerian people and of their leaders gives us l'eason ta expect that AIgel'ia will play a distinguished part in helpîilg discharge the heavy responsibilities that fall ta each Member of the United in tbis difficult period of history. Therefore, we shall vote with pleasure for the draft resolution recornmending Algeria's admission to membership in the United Nations. 65. Ml'. SCHWEITZER (Cbile) (translated from Spanish): It ls a great honour for the Chilean delegation to co-sponsor the cirait resolution recornmendiog to the General Assembly the admission of Algeria ta membership in the United Nations [8/5173]. des mander 66. In accordance with the conditions laid down in Article 4 of the Charter, Algeria has declared that it accepts the obligations contained therein, and we know that it is able anCl wiIling to carry them out. There is no procedural or other düficulty in the wayof Algeria's admission. But merely to say that it meets aIl conditions would be an inadequate way ta record the joyful fact that Algeria will shortIy join our ranks. The admission of Algeria to membership in the United Nations ls not merely an act prompted by Us sovereign will, or just another manifestation of the decolonization of the" world. It is above aIl a happy event which will strengthen peace, Wlderstanding andreconciliation among peoples. Algeria's presence within the United Nations as a free nation in full possession of its Bovereignty means the disappearance from the Mrican continent of one of the gravest threats to international peace and security and one of the deepest anxieties of the United Nations in recent years. It means the end of a long nightmare and the dawn of a new era, not only for Algeria and its neighbours, but for aIl of us who have anxiously followed a long series of vicissitudes and a very serious international crisis, 66. de qu'elle savons à plus répond pour que nous. Nations festation non de événement l'entente présence Algérie l'une sécurité a plexes de aussi d'une l'Algérie qui d'une 67. Algeria's admission is highly significant from yet another point of view. It marks the application of the principle of self-determination, a principleclosely bound up with the maintenance of peace and the development of natural resources for the purpose of rais:ing the people's level of living and giving them access ta human dignity and the full enjoyment of their l'ights. assisté tian, et droits. 68. My delegation does not propose ta discuss the recent past, which has been so painful and which has distressed the entire world. But, as the Chilean Miniater for Foreign Mfairs said duril1g the general debate in the Assembly on 27 8eptember: 68. passé entier. l'Assemblée, Ministre 69. Algeria, as an important and wealthy country, has an encouraging future before it. although it will have many difficuIties te overcome. It needs a higher degree of agricultural development in order to feed its population, which is growing faster than before; it needs capital for its industries; it needs expanded educational facilities for the training of its own experts. The problems of the less developed areas of the world loom over it, but it has varied potentialities and the support of its people. 70. We are sincerely graèified that, since independence, national unity has been achieved andthe process of strengthening democratic institutions is continuing. This will obviate the confusion that sometimes ensues in countties emerging from the colonial stage. This national unity, which is a manifestation of co-operation and coexistence within the domestic system of the country, will foster the progress of a nation which will take an honoured place in the brotherhood of peoples. 71. Only ,friendship, co-operation and community of interests between Algeria and other countries can preserve tranquiUity in the Mediterranean region. A fruitfuI understanding between Algeria and the coun'" tries which are in a position ta renderit financial and technica! assistance will speed up its development, hampered in recent years by the struggleforfreedom. 72. The Government and people of ChilejoyfuIly ...:elcome Algeria to the community of freE:: nations. We express our confidence that Algeria will play an important part in the endeavour to strengthen peace and achieve dîsarmament. to solve the problems besetting the under-developed world, and ta intensify the work of the United Nations for friendship amongpeoples and respect for freedom and human rights.

Inow caU upon Mr. Liu.

The President is of course aware that 1 am speaking as representative of China. Speaking for my Government and my people, we welcome the fact that another independent Arab nation has emerged on the African continent, for we have consistently upheld the principle of seU-determination for aU peoples. The people of Algeria are te be congratulated today on the fulfilmentof their aspirations. It has been our hope that the Algerian people, upen gaining their freedom, will thl'ow their weight on the side of peoples who are strugg1ing for the cause of freedom. We wish the Algerian people further succeas in building a new and free· nation.

Several numbers of the SecurityCouncilhave stressed the deo! 'live role played by General de Gaulle and the French Governrnent in the settlement of the Algerian affairj some have done so in terms which could not leave a l'epresentative of France unmoved. To aIl those who have spoken in this way of my country and its Head, 1 wish to express our very sincere gratitude. 77. The Council has before it today the application of the Algerian Government for its country's admission ta the United Nations. As we have seen, almost aIl the members of the Councilhaveforthwithcommended this application ta the General Assembly. While this near-unanimity atteste ta the importance to our Organization. of this application for admission, 1 need hardly say that it is first and foremost of significance to the French Government. , 78. Today's event is not an isolated phenomenon in the political evolution of the world; it is one of the principal stages in the great emancipation movement sa characteristic of our haIf century. Nor is it an isolated phenomenon for France. which played so active a part in this evolution, furthering it and promoting its variems stages; for France it i8 of even greater significance in that it marks the completion of decolonization efforts that have been pursued over the years and whose beneficial resutts have already been noted on numerous occasions by the United Nations. 79. In the case of Algeria, however, the necessary, process of development-frequently stimulated by France itself--took place against a background of circumstances which in'many cases had existed for centuries and which gravely hampered the search for a settlement compatible with democratic ideals. Tlûs Contradiction was destined to produce a conflict that did not end until 18 March 1962. 80. Today, as we emerge from this painful crisis, our thoughts must turn to the Many victime, the many cruel choices and the Many tragedies the memory of which remains. For who could say the task was a simple one? Who can be oblivious of the problems raised by the existence of two communities, by the memory of 130 years during which many situations, legitimate interests, and strong and enduring habits were naturally established? What country has had like problems ta settle? Time, patience and imagination were needed. 1 would remind youthat, ae far back as the fourteenth session of the General Assembly, Mr. Couve de Murville said that no one had the· right ta dictate ta Algeria the form of government it was ta have,andthatthat formof government could be determined only hy the freely expressed will of the Algerians themselves. That is why we have always feared intervention, action from outside, however well-intentioned, which merely served to complicate the issue. 81. But France upheld its great traditions. It remained faithful to its ideal of liberty and mindful of the duties it had assumed towards the peoples for which it has assumed responsibility. When the time came, it proved able to lead ta independence Morocco 82. The date of 16 Septemher 1959 was a turningpoint in this connexion. Yon will recaU that this was the date on which General de Gaulle recognized the right of the Algerian peoples freely te determinetheir future and their destiny. He suggested a method-selfdetermination-and opened the wayta a solution-independence in co-operation. On 8 January 1961, the French people, which was consulted by means of a reierendum. endorsed the policy of the President of the Republic. There remained the task ofmarkingou , by patient effort and in agreement with authori~cld representatives of the Algerian combatants, the l;oad that was ta lead to sovereignty in friendship and ta independence based on mutual assistance. 83. In arder that the Algerian people might exercise Us right of self-determination through a vote based on direct and universal suffrage, it was !irstnecessary ta ensure the prior conditions for a free vote-the guns had to be silenced and the freedom of the voters guaranteed. It was with this twofold purpose in mind that bath parties agreed to a cease fire which was to precede the popular referendum by more ~han three months and thatthe FrenchGovel'nmentsimultaneously proclaimed an amnesty. 84. In order that the Algerians themselves might assume the responsibility for preparations for the vote during the period between the cease fire and that vote, a provisional executive organ was set up, which was, in addition, intended to ensure administrative continuity. 85. Moreover, sharing the conviction that the formation of an independent State was in keeping with the facts of the Algerian Situation and that, in the circumstances, co-operation between France and Algeria was in the interests of bath countries, the French and Algerian negotiators endeavoured ta define this solution by mutual agreement in declarations establishing the principles of such co-operation in aIl matters concerning the two States. No sector, wllether economic, cultural, or technological, was excluded from cooperation. But if France is to carry out Us new mission, its children who for generations have lived, worked and found a second homeland in Algeria must be able ta rematn there with an assurance of safety for themselves andtheirfamilies. Accordingly, agreement had been reached between France and Aigeria on special guarantees, which we, of course, consider ta be essential, to enable these French people ta continue ta li'-'} and hope in a COlUltry that is also thetrs. 86. It ts this set of documents that constitutes the Evian agreements. Ratified by the French people on 8 April 1962 and almost unanimously by the Algerian people on 1 July 1962, these declarations have heen binding on France and Algeria since the latter date, as provided in the declarations themselves. 87. 1 should like to draw the attention of the Counoi! to the exceptional nature of this settlement which, coming as it does at the end of formidable ordeals, 89. While it is true that Algeria has been painful1y marked by the course of events, it has also been transformed by the resuUs of the work which France has Wlceasingly pursued throughout tnese troubled years. In every field-infrastructure, industrial and agricultural development, education, health, the training of an elite-France is leaving Algeria \Vith aIl the components of a modern well-equipped State, ready to play its part in competition based on international brotherhood. Now that Algeria is entering this new era, France, respectful of the independence and sovereignty of the new State, confirms its determinatian to aid Algeria to the utmost of its ability. France believes that Algeria, a peaceful state, which accepts the obligations laid down in the Charter, is able and willing to fulfil its commitments. France hopes that, in accordance v.'lth the recommendation we shaH transmit, the General Assembly will saon unanimously welcome Algeria as a Member of the United Nations.

Since discussil;,\ of the item before the Counci! has been concluded, the COWlei! will now proceed ta vote on the drait resolution whieh has been submitted by Chile, France, Ghana, Ireland, Romania, the Union of Soviet Socia11st Republics, the United Arab Republic, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Venezuela [S/5173]. A vote was taken by show of hands. In favour: Chile, France, Ghana, Ireland, Romania. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Venezuela. A~ainst: None. Abstainin~: China. The draft reso/ution W8S adoptedbylOQotes ta none, with 1 abstention. 91. The PRESIDENT (translated from Russianl: In acco:tdance with the provisions of rule 60 of the provisional rules of procedure of the Security Couneil, 1 shaH forward to the Secretary-General, for the information of the General Assembly, the text of the resolution which has just been adopted by the Couneil, together with the verbatim record of tbis meeting. The meeting rose at 5.55 p.m. CYPRUS/CIIYPRE: PAN 10 Ala.. nd~. th. Or.,1 AFRICA/AFRIQUE eAMEROON/CAMEROUN: LIBRAIRIE DU PEL.lPLE AFRIC"'IN L. G.ranl•• B. P. 1191. Vaoundo. DIFFUSION INTERNATIONALE CAMEROUN""SE DU LI"RE ET DE lA l'RE:SSE. S.n.mehma. eONGO (~iopold.ille): INSTITUT POLITIQUE CONGOLAIS. B. P. 2307. Lio~ol".oIla_ ETHIOPIA/ÉTHIOPIE, INTERNATIONAl PRESS "GENCV. P. O. Bo. 120. Add,. Ab.~•• GHANA, UNIVERSLTY BOOKSIiOP Un..." ... Coil••e 01 Ghana. Le."n. A«... KENYA' TIiE E.S.A. ~OOKSIiOP Bo' 30167. N..,,,ol. MOROeeO/MAROC, CENTRE: OE DIFFUSION DOCUMENTAIRE DU B.E.P.I. S. rue M,ohou.·Sa"...a. Robot. 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