S/PV.1032 Security Council

In accordance with the decision taken at the 1028th meeting, and with the consent of the members of the Council. 1 propose to invite the representatives of the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) and of the Republic of Gabon totake seats at the Council table. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Emmanuel Dadet (Congo, Brazzaville) and Mr. Jean-Marie Nyoundou (Gabon) took places at the Counoil table.

The Council willnowcontinueits consideration of the matter before it. A draft resolution relating to the matter has been tabled by the delegations of Ghana and Morocco. This draft resolution has been circulated to members of the Council in d,ocument S/5292.

My delegation wishes. even thoughbelatedly. to express its sympathy on the occasion of the loss sustained by the United Nations. and particularly by the Security Council. through the sudden and sad death of Mr. Evgeny Kiselev. The relations between the Moroccan delegation and the former Under-Secretary were characterized by the same spirit of co-operation and friendship that had always marked the relations between the Moroccan mission in Moscow and the 6. The Senegalese representative and the Senegalese Minister of the Armed Forces have reminded us in their statements of the nature of the relations which the YOWlg Senegalese Republic has been obliged to maintain with Portugal ever since, paradoxically, its accession to independenoe, which should have preserved inviolate its national sovereignty, both de facto and de jure, and ensured the most rigorous protection of its territorial integrity. 7, The Portuguese representattve, who has himself referred to the statements of President Senghor, has given us proof cf the consistent desire of the Senegalese Government to maintain with the LisbonGovernment relations based on a mutual respect for international law. However, the incidents which have oocurred. since December 1961 as a consequence of Portuguese action on Senegalese territory and the parallel effort made by Dakar to settle each crisis should show fairly clearly on which side there has been a failul'e to observe mutual undertakings. Moreover, the mere enumeratio-.i of these many incidents should have been enough, from the very outset of the debate, to dispel any misunderstanding and to make clear to the members of the Council the standing in court, as it were, of each of the two parties. In the present instance, it would surely be difficult for us to regard Portugal as the injured party. 8. As far as the material evidence is concerned, the Senegalese delegation has, inits statements, submitted precise information which leaves no doubt in our minds about the reality of the incident and the damage it has caused, A simple error of date in the transmission of the message, which has been explained very satisfactorily by the Senegalese Minister of the Armed Forces, cannot sow doubt in the minds of the Council members and even less can it provide the Portuguese delegation with a reason for denying the reaUty of the raid or the bombing of the village of Bouniak. 9. No one is more concerned than we are to give full credence to the statements made before the Couneil, but an attempt by the party responsible for an incident to interpret it in a judipious manDer so as to rninimize its importance does not in any way detract from the intellectual probity of the injured party in presenting the whole truth, and merely provides one more example of the various ways of analysing an event the authenticity of which cannot historically ·bedenied. 10. The Portuguese representative believed that he had found a flaw in the Senegalese argument when he drewattention to the different descriptionsgiven by the Senegalese Governrnent of the shells which Portul~al had dropped on its territory. Sorne Governments whose rnilitary establishment is much more developed 11. The Portuguese Government, which surely must have realized the importance a:nd the consequences of the incident, preferred to hide behind an immediate and categorical denial, while the military authorities in so-called Portuguese Guinea, to whom the incident was probably only a routine occurrence in the operations of their forces of repression, did not beUeve there was any need to make the same denial. - 12. In similar circumstances, we have seen more intelligent Governments acknowledge the incident, attribute it to an error or blame the local authorities, and then make some courteous gesture to the injured Government, in that way both diminishing the importance of the incident and preventing a possible crisis. The fact, however, that Portugal attaches so little importance to its relations with the African states naturally impels it to rely more on the jurisprudence of an insolent coloniaUsm than on the diplomatic practices to which a more enlightened colonialism would undoubtedly have recourse. 13. How then, can we fail to be astonished at the remark made by the Portuguese delegation concerning the dispatch with which the Senegalese Government brought the matter before the Security Council and immediately submitted its complaint? This action by Senegal was denounced in rather artfully naive tones, and we were told that it disregarded international practice and even the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, which recommend that Member States should exhaust all the procedures of bilateral approaches, good offices and arbitration before appealing to an international .Jody. Those provisions of the Charter do not in any way restrict the injured State's right to address itself1iirectly and immediately to the highest international instance, the Security Council, and in Senegal's case prior unhappy experience has shown the futility of any other procedure in its relations with Portugal. Moreover, the Senegalese delegation has very appropriately drawn attention to the surprising nature, to say the least, of such an attitude on the part of Portugal.'which obstinately and unconcernedly not only disregards the res'olutions of the United Nations but also attaches verylittle importance to sorne of the fundamental principles of the Charter when on occasion it stands' alone in voting against this or that resolution for the sole reason that the resolution refers to the principle of self-determination. 15. This is the reason why mydelegation immediately gave its complete support to Senega!'s complaintto the Council. and this is the reason for our hope that the Council will not fail to take positive action to settle the matter. 16. 1 said at the beginning of this statement that my delegation experienced sorne difficulty in regarding this incident as an isolated occurrence due merely to the vicissitudes of what might be called the status of Senegal and Portugal as neighbours. 1shouldlike.first of all. to reduce to its true proportions this concept of neighbours which Pûrtugal constantly invokes in its relations with the African States. as it still persists in wanting to do in Asia. 17. While the history of imperialism has caused the presence of Portugal to survive on the frontiers of sorne African States. that proximity confers no geographical or moral meaning on the concept of neighbours. The way in whichSpain is a neighbour of Portugal is not the same as the way in which Gtf~ea or Senegal are neighbours of Portugal orthe way in which Portugal tries to claim neighbourly relations with Tanganyika or the Congo. A philosophical and moral border separates those countries from Portugal much more effectively than could the immensity of oceans. and this sophism can no longer deceive and much less convince anyone. 18. Seen in this light. the incident is no longar a quarrel among neighbours but a clear-cut act of aggression perpetrated by Portuguese imperialism against the territorial sovereignty and integrity of Senegal. Portugal's continued presence in Guinea is likely. in facto to expose Senegal to the risk of further violations which will inevitably be premeditated on the part of the Portuguese armed forces. We have seen rUIining through the whole of the Portuguese representative's statement a tacit accusation of Senegal. whose territory is said to serve as a refuge for the Guinean nationalists and whose respect for the right of asylum is regarded by the Lisbon Government as a state of belligerence. However. to view matters in this light would mean that Portugal was in a.state of war with all the African and other countries which opened their borders and gave their support to the nationalists of Angola. Guinea and Mozambique. 19. 1 think the Council will agree with me that the nature of the event which occurred at Bouniak on 8 April goes far beyond the formaI limits within which it might have to be defined in strict accordance with the Council's procedure. While my delegation is resigned to considering this aspect of the matter alone. it is none the less convincedthat the question deserves far broader treatment by the Council and that suoh a debate would have a very different outcome. If we refrain from making any proposaI along these lines. 20. Since, however, the Council's discussion can go no furthel' than the material facts of the aggression and its precise location, my delegation wants it to be clearly and unequivocally recognized as a violation by Portugal of the integrity of Senegalese territory. That is in any case the spirit by which we are guided in considering that this is the least that the Council should bear in mind in the present cIrcumstances. 21. It is also the spirit that has prompted the delegations of Ghana and Morocco to submit for the Council's approval a draft œsolution [S/5292] in which this aspect of the incident must at least be given unanimous and unequivocal expression. 22. 1 must admit that this draft resolution falls far short of faithfully reflecting the real feelings and judgements of the African States in regard to Portugal's behaviour in Africa. In the final analysis, however, we wanted a spirit of co-operation to prevail among the various members of the Council as regards a fundamental principle of the Charter on which a difference of opinion would not only be prejudicial to the Council's authority but would also, under present circumstances, have particularly unfortunate repercussions on the African continent.

ln co-sponsoring the draft resolution [S/5292] which has just been brilliantly introduced by the representative of Morocco, the delegation of Ghana is sensitive to the fact that this text does not measure up to the serious complaint made before this Council bySenegal. The draft resolutian therefore represents the minimum action that can he taken by the Security Council. 24. The Council has already had an opportunity of hearing both the represeiltative of Senegal and the representative of Portugal. On behalf of Senegal, the Minister of the Ârmed Forces of that country spared no effort to impress upon the Council the tension which exists between the territory of socalled Portuguese Guinea and the Republic of Senegal, tension resulting from a series of violations of Senegal's territory by Portugal. He called upon the Council to condemn such violations and to take action ta prevent future violations. On the other hand; the representative of Portugal was at pains to censure this very Counci! for even meeting to consider the present -issu~. He never offered any categorical denial, but, rather, tried to play down the. incident and the complaint brought before this Council by Senegal. 25. My delegation has tried very hard, but without much success, to appreciate the Portuguese argumentation. In our view, his references, for example, to Goa in connexion with the present case were not correct. He maintained that the United Nations had done nothing with regard to the reintegration of Goa inta the Indian Union.I wish to refer to his own 28. As 1 said at the outset of my statement. the draft resolution co-sponsored by my delegation and the delegation of Morocco constitutes. in our view. the minimum action which the Council can take in regard to thepresent complaint. The preambularparagraphs are very clear: "The Security Council. "Having heard the' statements of the representatives of 8enegal and Portugal concerning violations of Senegalese territory by Portuguese military forces, "Deploring the incidents that have occurred near the frontier between SenegalandPortuguese Guinea. "Noting with concern that the state of relations in this area between tlîe two parties concerned may lead to tension on the occasion of any incident. and expressing the hope that such tension will be eliminatèd in accordance with the provisions of the Charter. "Taking note of the declaredintentionofthe Portuguese Government scrupulously to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Senegal, "3. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the development of the situation under review." 29. 1 think that my delegation must emphasize the third operative paragraphe We have heard the suggestion made here that possibly a commission of an international nature could have been sent. But in view of the fact that the Portuguese Government came forward offering a bilateral approach to this problem, we feIt that we, who had advancedthe idea of an international commission, should abandon that idea and allow the Secretary-General to keep this matter under review. 30. We hope tbat the incidents which have occurred in that area of A1'l:'ica will not recul' and that peace and harmony will prevail while efforts are being made by African States to get Portugal to relinquish its hold on its enclaves in Mrica. 31. Ml'. SEYDOUX (France) (translatedfrom French): First of aIl 1 shouldlike to say that the passing of Ml'. Kiselev has caused great sorrow to the French delegation and to myself and will leave a great void in our Organization. 1 hope that my very sincere condolences will be conveyed to his family. 1 also extend my condolences to my colleague, Ml'. Fedorenko, the Soviet Union representative, whom 1 should like to welcome as he participates in the work of the Council for the first time. 32. 1 am happy, Ml'. President, to associate myself with the words of welcome you have extended to our new colleagues. 33. It is with great satisfaction that the French delegation welcomes the presence in the Security Council of Brazil, a great country with which France has traditionally maintained very close relations in all fields. 1 should like to avail myself ofthis opportunity to assure Mr.Carvalho Silos of my esteem and to tell him how much1value the atmosphere of confidence which prevails in the relations between our two dele~ations. 34. 1 am also glad that circumstances have enabled me to tell the representative of Morocco, with whom 1had the privilege of working when 1was representing France in his beautiful and charming country, how glad 1 am to see himsittingamongus today. 1 am sure that the Security Council will find in Ml'. Benhima a diplomat whose cOl.ixtesy. fine mind and profound knowledge of the problems before us will, 1 know, he valued by aU his colleagues. 35. 1 am also gratified that Norway is nowa memher of the Security Council. In expressing"the feelings of friendship which unite our two countries, 1 shouldlike to tell that representative how much his presence in the most important organ of the United Nations seellls to me to be justified not only by the contribution which Norway has made to the defence of peace, but also by the eminent personal qualities of Ml'. Nielsenhimself. His 'wide experience ·of the work of the Organization, 39. That an incident did in fact take place on 8 April 1963 at Bouniak is something of which the French delegation, on the basis of information from various sources which has come to its knowledge, is quite convinced. 40. The facts were described by the Permanent Representative of Senegal, Ml'. Diop, and then by the Minister of the Armed Forces, Ml'. Cissé Dia, at the meetings held on 17 and 18 April. The various pieces of evidence that have been gathered make it clear, in our opinion, that bullets and at least one rocket were fired by aircraft based in Portuguese Guinea against the Senegalese village of Bouniak on the morning of 8 April. 41. The Portuguese representative has told us that on that day the ground and air forces of Portuguese Guinea were engaged in military manoeuvres. Mol'eover, information emanating from Bissau indicates that during these manoeuvres two soldiers in Portu- 43. The regrettable incident which the French delegation believes did in fact take place on 8 April in the circumstances which 1 have just described is not. after all. of such gravity that it could threaten the peace. As a matter of principle. France considers that. in matters of this kind. the greatest possible use should be made of the procedures referred to in Article 33 of the United Nations Charter. The proposaI made. although belatedly. by the Portuguese representative at the end of his statement of 19 April [lü3üth meeting] would not have been regarded by my delegation as unacceptable if the consent of the other party. which this kind of solution presupposes, could have been obtained. It must, however. be admitted that the present state of relations between the two GOvernments concerned has made such an arrangement impossible. That is why the French delegation would be able to support the draft resolution that was submitted to the Security Council yesterday evening. In our opinion, it would indeed be well for the Council to express its regret that an incident likely to lead to tension in the region in question should have taken place. to stress the need for scrupulous respect for Senegal's sovereignty and territorial integrity. and to express the hope that such tension will be eliminated in accordance with the provisions of the Charter. 44. Ml'. DIOP (Senegal) (translated from French): Withthe permission of the Security Council, the Senegalese· delegation would like to express its hearty thanks to Morocco and Ghana which, throughout this discussion. have given us unconditional support and have now provided us withconstructive assistance by drawing up draft resolution S/5292, which has just been submitted to the Council for its consideration. 45. Senegal supports this draft resolution. while regretting, of course. that this is not a potent enough instrument to respond adequately to the gravity of the aggression which Portugal has perpetrated against Senegal. There is no need for further proof of this than the recent killing of a Senegalese driver in circumstances of the most unutterable barbarisme We must. however. show proof of political realism and admit that a solution is possible only through the ways and means of compromise; we must acknowledge that 'a solution is possible only on the basis of

With due deference to my colleagues, 1 wonder why it is not possible for us to bring this discussion of the draft resolution to a close. Of course, if some members are still awaiting instructions, 1 will fall in with the President's suggesti(''l, but since it seems that there is a deliberate attempt to minimi.ze the importance of this issue which is before the Council, from the tardiness on the part of members in addressing themselves to the question and from the way in which the matter has been handled, 1 intervene merely to say that 1 really cannot see why we cannot hear the views of members on the draft resolution which has beèn before the Council since yesterday and which in fact has been the result of consultations. 1 wonder therefore whether the President could not make an appeal to the members of the Council to try and pronouncè themselves on the issue and bring it to a close. My delegation is involved with other Committees and so on and it is a bit hard for small delegations like that of Ghana to come in here every morning and every afternoon wheninfactitis possible to finish the debate on this question.

Before 1 calI upon other membel's of the Council, may 1 assure the representative of Ghana that the Chair is as anxious as he is to proceed without delay. 1 have, however, heard that some members of the Counci! a:re still awaiting instructions from their Governments and others have indicated to me that they are not prepared to speak unti! tomorrow afternoon. As for this afternoon, 1 understand there is another important meeting scheduled which will make it very inconvenient for some members of this Council to meet here. It was th~re­ fore for these reasons thatIproposed the next meeting be held tomorrow afternoon. 50. Mr. YOST (United States ofAmerica): ln tesponse to the appeal made by the representative of Ghana, 1 would like to say that we would also like to bring this matter to a prompt conclusion. Unfortunately, 1 am not prepared to speak this morning but 1 would be prepared to speakthis afternoon or tomorrow morning. The President has mentioned the fact that some members have not received instructions and that there is another meeting this afternoon, so we shall have to leave it to the judgement and discretion of the President to set the date of the next meeting. As far as we are concerned, we would be prepared to speak this afternoon and bring the matter to a conclusion at that time.

My rematks have perhaps become irrelevant after the assurances that you have been good enough to give, MI'. President, in response to the appeal 52. We ha.ve. for five full days of debate, endeavoured to arrange the pace of our work so that we could arrive at a resolution which might meet with the approval of the members of the Council. As this draft resolution has now been submitted to the Council. we are sure that the desire to postpone other statements until tomorrow could be prompteà only by reasons of substance and that the urgency and the value of a prolonged discussion on a problem ofsuch importance are in no way minimized by the various delegations which. for one reason or another. are not in a position to take the floor here and now.

On a matter of this sort, my delegation would. of course, wish to meet the convenience of the President andofmy other colleagues round this table. But in general. my delegation does see some force in the argument put forward by the representative of Ghana that it would be a good thing, if possible. to bringthis debate to a close at an early date. Ifit would be any help to the President in making up his mind as to the correct course to pursue, 1. like my United States colleague, would be ready and willing to speak sometime in the course of this afternoon or tomorrow morning.

It is because Brazil attaches the greatest importance to this matter that 1 am rather inclined, Mr. President, to accept your suggestion. We have today heal:'d the two sponsors introduce their draft resolution. We have also heard a statement by the representative of France which must be taken into account. 1 think, therefore. that we should. if possible, follow the President's suggestion.

May 1 say that members of the Council certainly appreciate the fact that the Minister of the Armed Forces of Senegal has travelled very far to come here to assist the Council in this debate. 1. for one. would not like to make any proposai that would cause him any inconvenience. 1 am quite prepared to calI a meeting for this afternoon, but 1 have been informed that a meeting of the Advisory Committee on the Congo is scheduled for this afternoon. and many members of the Council also attach great importance to that meeting and would wish ta be present. 56. The Chair. of course. is at the disposaI of the Council in this matter. However. 1 may say that after some consultation 1 find that the preponderance of opinion is in favour of having a meeting tomorrow afternoon. Therefore, unless 1 hear any objection or any further proposaI. the next meeting of the Council will take place tomorrow at 3 p.m. It was so decided. 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