S/PV.1034 Security Council

1 should like to thank the President for his very kind references to me. 'rhe words he used were very gracious, and 1 value themall the more because they come from a colleague whosewise counsel greatly lightened my burdens last month. 3. In my turn 1 should like to wish the President a, very successful tenure of his high office. In the light of what has already come up andwhat i8 likely to come up, it seems that he will not havé an altogether uneventful month. 1 am sure, however, thathewill carry out his functions with the wisdom and distinction for which he is so weIl known and respected by us aIl. Adoption of the agenda Admission of new Members ta the United Nations Letter dated 20 April 1963 from theMinisterfor For- eign Affairs of Kuwait addressed to the Secretary- General (5/5294)

The representative of Iraq has sent a letter to the President of the Security Council [S/5305] in which he asks

ln a letter dated 20 April 1963, the text of which has been distributed to members of the Council [S/5294], the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Kuwait expressed the desire that Kuwait' s application for admission to membership of the United Nations should be reconsidered by the Security Council at an early meeting. 6. The representative of Iraq has asked permission to speak in the Security Council. 1 have, however, a list of representatives who have already put their names down to speak, and 1 should therefore like, in accordance with the rules of procedure, to ascertain the opinion of the members of the Security Council before replying to the request of the representative of Iraq. If there is no objection, 1 shaH give the floor to the representative of Iraq. 7. Ml'. PACHACHI (Iraq): 1 should like,firstofall, to express my profound gratitude to the President and to the members of the Security Council for giving me this opportunity to participate in the discussions of the Counci! on the application of Kuwait for membership of the United Nations. 1 am particularly thankful that the members of the Councilhavebeenkind enough to aHow me to speak first in this debate. 8. 1 have been instructed by my Government to make a short declaration before a decision is taken on this question by·the Council. 1 do not propose to enter into the substance of the problem nor do 1 feel any need to reaffirm a position or reiterate facts well known to all the members of the Council. But 1 feel it is my dutY to place b'}fore the Council certain observations which are perhaps considered of a purely procectural nature. but which have an important bearing on the question and the circumstances surroundingthis meeting of the Council, 9. It is no secret that for morethan ten days we have been trying to bring about a postponement of the consideration of this question by the Council. We have clearly stated our reasons for wanting a delay. We feIt that a hasty discussion of the membership issue now would prejudice the chances for a satisfactory and mutually acceptable solution of the problem. We stated .hat efforts were being made and contacts undertaken, with a view to arriving at an amicable settlement that would take into account the interests of an conce1'nOO. We have indicated that time is indeed needed to allow these contacts and ~fforts to materialize and come to fruition. 10. The position of my Government has always been and still is to settle through direct conversations a question which the people of Iraq, without any exception, consider of paramount national importance. We feel that such conversations, which would take place between two parties bound by indissoluble ties of hir..;'.Jry and a common national soil, would be timely and indeed useful. We are convinced that postponement would have provided a valuable opportunity to settle 11. When we asked for a postponementforthe reasons I have stated above, a majority among theArab States which have expressed a definite opinion shared our viewpoint and supported our requestfor postponement. No one can deny that in this particular case the Arab states are directly concerned, and their views should carry weight. The AraD member on the Council, namely, the representative of Morocco, has informed us-and 1 am sure he has informed aU others who are interested-that his Government shares the view of Iraq and would prefer a postponement. There could have been no ambiguity regarding this attitude since it was stated in the most clear and explicit terms to us and, 1 am sure, to aU members of the Counci!. Thus, with aU respect, my Government feels that this meeting has been held contrary to the wil'lh for postponement clearly expressed by several Members of the United Nations who are directly and intimately concerned, including the Member from the region to which this question has direct relevance. 12. NaturaUy, the members of the Councn are sovereign and are not bound by any desires expressed outside its membership. However, there has been a tradition and a practice whichIthinkis a good one, namely, that whenever a question relating to a region is àebated, the views of the countries from that region, and particularly of the member of the Counoil from that region, .should be taken into consideration in deciding the timing of the Council's meeting. 1 do not know whether there has been amisunderstandingorwhether opinions were not stated with the necessary clarity. But let me state, Mr. President, that throughoutthese contacts, you have shown us the greatest courtesyand the greatlist understanding, and you have dealt with the problem in a most impartial and fair manner. 1 wish to place on record our appreciation and great esteem for your handling of this delicate problemsomething that does not surprise us, being as you a:re the representative of the great nation of France, . 13. The Council must be interested in aIl efforts that aim at reaching peaceful and harmonious solutions for difficult problems, and the problem at present before the Council is no different. However, by pressing for a meeting when a delaywas quite possible, and indeed desirable, the Council, in our humble submission, has acted in haste and, withalldue respect, without the proper appreciation of the serious issues involved and their effect on the peace and harmony of the region. 14. 1 have not yet heard one singleconvincing argument to show that it was imperative that a meeting be held today. Practically speaking, it is quite evident that a decision on the question now or in the next weeks or months will make little difference. But, politicaUy speaking, in our view it was unwise to in- • 15. As 1 said, 1 will not enter into a discussion of the substance of the question. But let me conclude by saying that at present there are in the Arab world two currents: one looks to a future of progress for the Arab people, and the other seeks to conserve and retain the age-old burdens of the pasto We feel that we represent the wave of the future in the Arab world, and the great federation of the free Arab peoples, born last month, has started a powerful and Irresistible tide that w.ill engulf all that is obsolete and corrupt in the Arab world and will accelerate the emancipation of our people from the last vestiges of imperialism in our homeland. There have been many feeble efforts to stem this tide, but they have all been swept away by the inexorable march of history and the determination of our people, after centuries of suffering and foreign domination,· to find for themselves a worthy place among the other peoples of the world, a place that will enable them, as they have done in the past, ta contribute to the march of civilization.

1have just !'eceived a note from the representativeofKuwait which reads as follows: "In view of the statemen~ just made by the representative of Iraq, may 1 request permission to give the views of my Government on some ofthe matters raised by the representative of Iraq. "(Signed) Talat AL-GHOUSSEIN "Chairman ofthe Delegation of Kuwait". 17. If 1 hear no objection, 1 shaH invitethe representative of Kuwait ta take a place at the Counci! table. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Talat AI- Ghortssein (Kuwait), took a place ai the Council table. 18. .Mr. BENHIMA (Morocco) (translated from French): It was not my intention to be the first to speak on this question, but after hearing the statement just. made by my eminent friend the Ambassador of Iraq, 1 am sure thathewouldagreewith me that 1 cannot let this matter pass without making certain comments onit. 19. First of all, 1 should like to recall his long experience of this Organization and the sense ofcourtesy which he has consistently shown in his contacts and .which has won him esteem and respect, so that he will 20. 1 did, it is true. inform the President and the members of the Security Council of the wish of my delegation and of certain other delegations which 1 represent that this meeting should be postponed to a later date. 1 must acknowledge thecourtesywithwhich all my colleagues listened to my grievances: they communicated with their Governments and 1remained in permanent contact with some of them for nearly a week so that 1 could follow the development of the situation. 21. Usually, however, in the course of preliminary consultations a general trend of opinion makes itself feU, and it is because we are sensitive to this courteously expressed general trend that my delegation has decided that it would not be right to press for a postponement of this meeting. Consequently, 1 must assure the representative of Iraqthatwhen therequest which he had addressedtomewasputbefore the members of the Security Council, they gave it their most sympathetic consideration; but when a certain trend of opinion is detected among the Council members in the course of a preliminary consultation, it is likewise a proof of courtesy to take it into account. 22. The representative of Iraq will, 1am sure, appreciate this explanation and understand the reasons, with which he would certainly agree ifhewerein my place, why deference must be shown to the members of the Security Council.

The representative of Kuwait has asked permission to speak. If there is no objection from the members of the Security Council, 1 propose to give him the floor.

Iwishtothankyou, . Mr. President, and all the members of ijle Security Council for this opportunity which you have so generously given me to express the views of rily Government concerning the points which were raised by the representative of Iraq. When 1 first heard that the representative of Iraq had asked for the floor as the representative of an Arab State, 1 anticipated a word of welcome. Of course, we were aware of the desire of the Government of Iraq for a postponement of the consideration of our application by the Security Council, but, as 1 stated during the consultations with my colleagues, the representatives of the Arab Governments, my Government felt that there was no reason and no justification for any postponement. 25. While the representative of Iraq stated that he did not want to deal with the substance of the matter, unfortunately he did so, by referring to whathe called a problem. We feel that there is no problem between us and Iraq. Fortunately, we alsofeelthat the majority, the overwhelming majoritY' of the UnitedNations, also do nOt believe there is. The claim ofIraq to Kuwait is well known" as he said, but it is obvious that most' if not all, of the Members of theUnited Nations have rejected this claim. We would like to reject it anew. 27. 1 want to make Just one final remark, if the Council will bear with me. Kuwait welcomes the declaration that was Just made by the delegation of Iraq that in every effort theymaketheywant to pursue peaceful means. In the same WaY, we feel that this very protestation is a departure from the spirit of amity which was clearly demonstrated by my Government in the exchanges that have taken place between His Highness the Ruler of Kuwait and the members of the new régime in Iraq. We feel that, for our part, we have demonstrated beyond any doubt our willingness and desire to see an end to this so-called claim. We do not accept any claim, and we, as a sovereign State, a member of the League of the Arab States, feel that it is entirely irrelevant to assume that a discussion of our application at this stage would preclude any settlement whatsoever. 28. Ml'. QUAISON-SACKEY (Ghana): It is with a deep sense of gratification that the delegation ofGhana welcornes the application of the Gavernment of Kuwait to join this world community of sovereign States. As we aIl know, this is not the first time that this Council has been called upon to consider an application for membership from Kuwait•.!1 Two years ago, there were strong and energetic objections. Happilyenough, today we are meeting under more auspicious circumstances, which, if 1 may venture to make a prediction, will ensure unanimous approval for Kuwait' s application. 29. Since Ghana took its seat in the Security Council more than a year ago, it has been the privileg-e cf my delegation to sponsor the applications of a number of States which have obtained their independence through the slow and painful processes of decolonization. We have undertaken this task with great joy and peculiar pride, since to us the emergence of each colonial dependency or Trust Territory into nationhood drives one more nail into the coffin ofcolonialism. Believing, as we do, in the sacred rights of aIl peoples to selfdetermination and independence, we are happy to be counted among those who continue to make relentless assaul~s on the crumbling bastions of colonialism and its offspring neo-colonialism. Today, particularly, Kuwait's application brings to our attention the danger of new neo-colonialism in the area from which it cornes. This danger has been pointed out very often by the President of Ghana, and in a statement on 21 February of this year, which he made in an interview with a Reuter' s correspondent, he stated: "... because 1 believe that a peaceful Middle East and Middle Eastern Arab unitYcould make a positive 1J For the Council's earlier consideration of this question, sec.Q!!!=. cial Records of the Security Council, Sixteenth year, 984th and 985th meetings. "In advocating this policy we are particularly concerned that the approach to the Middle Eastproblem should be governed by two principles, namely: "(i) The need to keep Power-bloc conflicts out of the Middle East, and "(ii) The recognition of the independenceand territorial integrity of each Middle East State by aIl the other states in the area." 30. It is in this spirit that my delegntion supports the admission of Kuwait to membership of the United Nations. However, 1 must in aIl fairness point out that Kuwait was never a colony in the classical sense of the word. In our view, Kuwait' s application complies with the requirements of Article 4 of the Charter. Kuwait possesses aIl the attributes of an independent State. It has enjoyed internaI autonomy since the foundation of the Al-Sabah dynasty in 1756. In 1899, however, Kuwait signed an agreement with Great Britain whereby the Sheikh and his successors undertook to receive the representatives of no other Power but Great Britain. Kuwait further bound itself not to sell, cede or lease any portion of its territory to any Government without Britain's prior consent. This restrictive treaty relationship with Great Britainfortunately was abrogated on 19 June 1961 byan exchange of letters between the two Governments, and since then the relations between them have been governed by a spirit of close friendship on a footing of equality. Furthermore, by assuming responsibility for the conduct of its foreign affairs, Kuwait put on the mantle of full sovereignty. The delegation of Ghana accepts the contention of the Kuwait Government that the 1961 agreement merely recognized the status quo. 31. Kuwait has already been accorded recognition by many countries as a peace-loving sovereign State. As further evidence of its qualification for membership of the United Nations, since 1959 KUWè11t has been a member of fourteen international organizations, including the World Health Organization, the International Labour O:q~1tnisation, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund. On the regional level, Kuwait is a member of the League of Arab states, in which it plays an important l'ole. 32. It must be mentioned to the credit ofthe Government. of Kuwait that it has shown an active interest in the economic development of other Arab countries by the launching in 1961 of the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economie Development. This is a special fund for financing Arab économie development projects by the granting of short-term andlong-term loans, or through direct participation in schemes, or by furnishing 33. Internally, Kuwait has enjoyed a stable govern-' ment over the years and Kuwaitis have been encouraged to participate fully in the conduct of their own affairs. The first Constituent Assembly was chosen in December 1961, followingthe enactment of the new electoral law. There is evidence that the Kuwaitis are moving fast towards the modernization of their political structure, and the achievement of equality, freedom and social justice. 34. Kuwait is a country small in size and population, mostly arid, but blessed with richoil resources, which are the corner-stone of its economy. With its vast resources Kuwait has successfully developed a progressive welfare State. Today it can boast ofthe most highly developed social welfare system in the Middle East. It has utilized its potentialities for the prosperity and welfare of its people and its neighbours. The State guarantees free medical and health services, education and social security for all. 35. Kuwait has displayed exceptional ability and liberality in the coriduct of its internaI administration. In its external relations it has given ample proof of propriety, maturity and responsibility. In fact, we understand that if it is admitted to the United Nations its contribution would be larger than that of most small countries like my own. 36. It is for these reasons that the delegation of Ghana fully supports the admission ofKuwait. Wehave no doubt whatsoever that Kuwait will make an effective contribution to the work of the United Nations and will co-operate with all peace-lovingnations in strengthening the Organization both morally and materially, in the interests of world peace. We do hope that the Government and people of Kuwait will continueto work hard in the cause of Arab unity and help to maintain peace and stability in the Middle East. 37. Nature has endowed Kuwait with an infinite capacity for good out of all proportion to its size. It is a great blessing to its people and humanity at large. The inherent dangers in this, however, cannot be overlooked. AlI friends and admirers of Kuwait hope that it will not allow itself to become a pawn in the game of big-Power politics, because its oil possessions are tantalizing. 38. In concluding, may 1 express the congratulations and good wishes of my delegation to the Government and people of Kuwait. 1 am confidentthatthe members af the Council will demonstrate their concurrencewith these sentiments by the unanimous supportofKuwait's application.

On 19 June 1961 Kuwait signed an agreement 1! 1 40. The first approach to the Security Counci! was made in November 1961, on the initiative of the United Arab Republic, but on that occasion the discussions did not culminate in the desired recommendation. This state of affairs did not, however, prevent the State of Kuwait from playing a regional and international role in the Arab family in keeping withall the prerogatives of a sovereign State which enjoys all the attributes of a member of the Arab League. What is more, Kuwait is now a member of fifteen international institutions and organizations, which it was urged to joïn not only by Arab states but by other members ofthe organizations in question. t1 r f f 1 1 41. Today the Security Counci! has met to reconsider Kuwait' s application for membership. It is important to note that. tl.lis time, the Arab delegation serving on the Security Counci! has not taken the initiative in proposing that Kuwait should be admitted to membership. My délegation is sure, however, thatthe authority and esteem which Kuwait has won for itself in the last two years, even outside the Arab family, and the importance attached to its participation in the work of the United Nations, make such a step on our part unnecessary. The widely representative nature of this Council will give the opinions expressed in it on this question particular value and importance. f I 1 1 42. My Government is convinced that the Government and people of Kuwait will display faithful attachment to the United Nations and will make a valuable contribution to its work. We are also convinced that Kuwait, in showing a desire to become a Member of the United Nations, intends to observe the principles and obligations of the Charter, and will tirelessly seek peaceful ways of settling all international disputes. 1! , 43. The Government of Morocco, which had pleasure in welcoming Kuwait in July 1961 as a member of the League of Arab states, will have the same pleasure in supporting its application for membership of the United Nations in the Security Council.

This is the second occasion on which the Security Council has been summoned to consider the application of the State of Kuwait for membership of the United Nations. 1 do not propose to dwell on the past or to mar this occasion by referring to the reasons why Kuwait was debarred from takinp.: its rightful place in our Organization in 1961.1 will only say that my Government ls most happy to note that on this occasion aIl the Governments represented on this Counci! have formally recognized the State of Kuwait and 1 am sure, therefore, that it is the desire of us aIl to proceed today in harmony and without controversy. 46. Kuwait, fortunate as it is, fully realizes its good fortune and recognizes the responsibility which great wealth brings. Under the wise guidance of His Highness the Ruler, the Government of Kuwait has, in the short time since oil production began ona large scale, used its wl'lalthwithwisdomandfairness. It recognized, as a government should, that its first duty was to its own people. In a matter of tenyears a complete social system has been built up which is now amongthe best and most developed in the world. Having done this, the Government of Kuwait turned to its less fortunate neighbours along the shores of the Arabian Peninsula . and in the l'est of the Arabworld. As has already been said, the Government has established the Kuwait Fund for Arab EconomicDevelopment inorder toparticipate in and to assist development projects in its sister Arab countries. And now its willingness to help in economic development is spreading out from the Arabic-speaking world into the whole continent of Africa. 1 understand that joint studies are being made by Kuwait and by some of the newly independent African States in order to see if a \Vay for fruitful cooperation can be found. 47. This generosity and this determination to use the great riches which have come from its natural resources to l'aise the living standards not only in Kuwait itself but among its neighbours and throughout the world, show how very quickly the Government and people of Kuwait have come to shoulder their responsibility and torecognize one of the most important truths of international life. This is something which bas been stressed by the Secretary-General of our Organization, whohas.often said that the dangers ta peace spring. as much from the division of the world between .the rich and the POOl', the developed and the under..developed, ·as from the differencesin ideologies or politicalsystems. The Kuwait Government,in already meal:luring up to its responsibilities in this respect, bas given clear proof that Kuwait is more than worthy tO.join thisinternational Organizationand is -able ta play a partgreater than Us size ànd popu..

The representatives who have already spoken this afternoon have said everythingthat 1intended to say. Indeed, 1 rather suspect Sir Patrick Dean of having peeked at my manuscript. 50. 1 must therefore content myself with welcoming and endorsing, for the second time, the application of Kuwait for membership of theUnited Nations. My Government reaffirms its recognition of the sovereignty and independence ofKuwait. The membershipofKuwait in the United Nations seems to us a very logical outgrowth of the increasing scopa of its international activities, as reflected by its participation in several organizations of the United Nations family. 51. In addition to its enlightened constitutional development and its energetic and effective steps to improve the standards of living and education of its people, Kuwait has, as we all know, initiated a programme of foreign financial assistance that will over the years make a major contribution to economic development in the Middle East. 52. In Kuwait's most recent application for membership-the application dated 20 April 1963-the Foreign Minister of Kuwait, His Excellency Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, has reaffirmed his Government's previous acceptance of the obligati0ns contained in the Charter of the United Nations. My Government has long held the view that the Government of Kuwait is able and willing to carry out these obligations and is, therefore, fully qualified for membership of this Organization. 53. Hence, we welcome Kuwait's application and look forward to useful and agreeable co-operation with its representatives in the United Nations. It is with great satisfaction that we shall vote in favour of the admission of Kuwait. 54. 1 shall conclude my remarks without saying a word in defence of Texas.

The delegation of Venezuela warmly supports the admission of Kuwait to membership of the United Nations. 56. In the case of Kuwait all the conditions for admission to membership of the United Nations laid down in Article 4 of the Charter have been met. The Government of Kuwait has also complied with the 58. Kuwait attained its full sovereignty almost two years ago. The enjoyment of that sovereignty, combined with its great economic resources and the qualities of its people, will undoubtedly enable it to play a very important part in the United Nations in the solution of many of the problems which confront the Or", ganization in its efforts w bring about the practical application of the Purposes and·Principles of the Charter. 59. In reiterating the Venezuelandelegation's support for the admission of Kuwait as a Member of the United Nations, l wish to convey to the people of Kuwait and its leaders, and in particular to the Head of State, His Highness Sheikh Abdulla Al-Salem Al-Sabah, the most fervent wishes of my country and Government for their continued happiness and prosperity. 60. Ml'. NIELSEN (Norway): My country attaches great importance ta the matter of making recommendations regarding membership. Admitting new Members which are determined, in the words of Article 4 of the Charter, to "accept the obligations contained in the present Charter" and which, "in the judgement of the Organizatlon, are able and willing to carry out these obligations", strengthens the Organization and contriblltes to its universality. It also implies the 1'eaffirmation of faith in the equal rights of aIl nations, large and small. 61. Kuwait's long-standing wish to becomea Member of the United Nations was expressed in a letter dated 30 June 1961.li from the State Secretary of Kuwait to the Secretary-General, accompanied by a declaration, signed by the Head of the State ofKuwait, to the effect that Kuwait had accepted the obligations contained in the Charter of the United Nations and had solemnly undertaken to fulfil them. This statement was reaffirmed in the letter dated 20 April 1963 from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Kuwait to the Secretary- General. 62. The membel-ship application before us cornes froni a country whose sovereignty has been recognized by weIl over eighty countries, including my own. Furthermore, the application emanates from a country which enjoys a high degree of internal political stability and which can take due pride in its progressive social policy. Kuwait has aiso manifested its interest in the United Nations and its willingness to co-operate with the Organization by taking a constructive part in its activities even before gaining admittance. l refer particularly to the decision of the State of Kuwait to purchase United Nations bonds in a significant amount. 64. Turning now ta the relations between Norway and the State of Kuwait, l am glad to mention that 'ive have maintained friendly and happy relations with Kl!wait for a long Ume. Our long-standing commercial relations have developed ta the benefit, l believe, of bath countries. l would especially like to mention the maritime connexions between Norway and Kuwait. A large number of Norwegian merchant vessels transport goods to and from Kuwait, and lately an average of two Norwegian ships have been calling at Kuwait ports every day ~ In 1962, the bonds between the two countries were further strengthened by the establishment of a Norwegian Consulate-General in the city of Kuwait. 65. 'l'he enlarged Arab representation in the United Nations which would resl,llt from the admission of Kuwait would in no way. to our mind, prejudice the further implementation ofany agreed formula designed ta foster Arab unity• 66. It is my pleasant duty ta announcè that it ilS the view of the Norwegian delegation that the Security Council should recommend ta the General Assembly that Kuwaitbe admitted to membership of the United Nations. 67. After having listened attentively ta the declaratian made by the Permanent Representative of Iraq, we feel that it is not up to the Council to exercise judgement with regard to when to deal with the application for membership submitted by Kuwait, since the State of Kuwait, in exercising its sovereign rights, is maintaining its application and has declared that it wishes that application ta be dealt with at this time in arder that it may be admitted during the forthcoming special session of the General Assembly. 68. To conclude, l wish ta emphasize the strong desire of Norway ta co-operate further with Kuwait, bath inside and outside the United Nations, and l look forward with great pleasure ta a happy association with the representative of Kuwait in the work of the United Nations. 69. Ml'. MUTUC (Philippines): After hearing the rather candid remarks of the representative of the United States about almost everything having been covered by previous speakers, what can one exPect from the seventh speaker? However great and strong is the desire to do away w~th our manuscript, as the 1'epresentative of the United States has done, the tempta.tion to avail ourselves of this forum is still greater. At least on this one point before this Council, we go on record as having differed with our great ally the United States. 70. The Philippine delegation is pleased to support the recommendation for the admission of Kuwait to the United Nations. We are satisffedthatKuwaitmeets the exacting requirements for membership of the world Organization as set forth in Article 4 of the Charter. It ;is a peace-Ioving country inhabited by freedom-loving people. It subscribes fl.!-lly to ~:he Char- 71. The admission of Kuwait will undoubtedly add vigour and strength to the United Nations. First, the world Organization will have gained a new Member. with it§ individual outlook on world affairs and its own ideas which, blending and commingling withours. will certainly add to the common effort for the maintenance of world-wide peace and security. Secondly, it will bring the United Nations closer to the ideal of universal membership as embodied in the Charter. 72. These arè not small gains. We live in an age replete with challenges and we must deai with problems which. in the nature of the history of our times. l'equire common consent. A parliamentofman. speaking On behalf of mankind, has become more than ever a necessity. even perhaps a necessary condition for oommon survival. With each new admission the United Nations moves a step towards the goal, and as the world Organization grows. so in proportion does its influence expand. 73. In the light of these facts, the Philippine delegation hopcs that the Council will vote to recommend theadmi8sion of Kuwait into the United Nations. 74. Ml'. LIU (China): At the 984th meeting of the Security Council, .on 30 November 1961, my delegation had occasion to voice our support of the admission of Kuwait to membership of the United Nations. Webased our support on the fact that Kuwait had already beèn recognized by a la.rge number ofcountries as an independent State, ·had bee!! a member of the League of Arab Sta.tes, and had been admitted·tonumerous agencies of the United Nations family and otheI'internationalorganizll.tions. It was our belief that Kuwaitwas . fully qualified for membership of the United Nations. 75., T~e lapse of time since then has not changed our 9pinion, but has indeed strengthened our belief in the !?Qvereign. status of that country and its ability and willil1lP1ess to fulfil the obligations of the United Nations .. Chll.rter. Our, sati!?faction today in supporting J<;uvvfüt'sappliCll.Uon is ·enhanced by what we have 'lea.rned of the economicand social progress that has ~enI:Q.a<:fe inthat country andoftheenlightened measuxèsthatare,being t~en for the weUare ofthe pe9ple i l1 thilt •. area.· We looi{ forward,to. iruitful.collaborationwithitsrepresentaUves ihthe United Nations in 77. The Government of Brazil views Kuwait's application most sympathetically, because it considers it to be a vivid illustration of the great movement of national self-assertion and independence which is sweeping the vast area of the world in which the Arab peoples live. These peoples-through their traditions of political wisdom, culture and beauty-have played a l'ole in history which is far too well knoWll for me to sing its praises here. The contribution of the Arab countries to our Organization in Jrecent times has been a credit to its traditions. Brazil is sure that, in joining the United Nations, Kuwait will enrich that contribution still further and will strengthenthe maintenance of international peace and security in the Arab world and throughout the world as a whole. 78. On behalf of the GovernmentofBrazil, Iam happy to give my support to the admission of Kuwait to the United Nations. 79. MI'. FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet Socialïst Republics) (translated from Russian): The Security Council has before it the application from the State of Kuwait for admission to membership in the United Nations. In the letter dated 20 April 1963, from MI'. Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Kuwait, addressedto the Secretary- General ofthe United Nations, whichhas been"circulated as a Sëcur"ity Council document [S/5294], and the statement attached to this letter, the Government of Kuwait declares that the State of Kuwait accepts the obligations set out in the United Nations Charter, and solemnly undertakes to fulfil them. 80. One cannot but feel satisfaction that one more country and one more people are expressing their readiness to accept the obligations, which are as honourable as they are weighty, of membership in the international Organization whose purpose is the just and impartial protection of the interests of all countries, large and small, and the maintenance of peace and security among nations. 81. It wiil be recalled that the question ofthe admission of Kuwait to the United Nations has been considered before in the 8ecurity Council, in November 1961, The situationthen obtaining with regardto Kuwait made a favourable decision impossible at the time. However, in the one-and-a..half years which have elapsed sinee then, there have been important changes inthat situation. Dynamic developments,obeyingtheir QW1i historical laws, have takenplace during thi~ period.: 1hopemy statementwillescape any s~/Spicionof plagiarism, which, it seems, is more than can be said (jf the stateme,nts of some ofmy colleagues. Ido not think that eUher my neighbour to the right or the 82. The United Kingdom troops which were in Kuwait in the autumn of 1961 have been withdrawn. As we are told by the Press, most of the military units from certain Arab countries, which were bl'ought into Kuwait after the withdrawal of the United Kingdom troops by agreement between the League of Arab states and the Government of Kuwait, have now been withdrawnfrom Kuwait territory. In February of this year the Government of Kuwait also requested the Arab League to defer setting up token Arab forces to stand watch on the borders of Kuwait. Thus, much has been done to bring the situation in the region back to normal. There has also been a significant strengthening of the relations between Kuwait and other Al'ab States on the basis of good-neighbourly relations and mutual assistance. 83. We know that at the end of 1961 the Kuwait Fund' for Arab Economie Development was set up, and that during recent months Kuwait has concluded agreements calling for a loan to the Democratie and Popular Republic of Algeria and for financial and other assistance to th~ Yemen Arab Republic. 84•. To a certainextent, forcing the Anglo-American oil company, Kuwait Oil, to give up a large part of its concession in the territory of Kuwait also reflects Kuwait's efforts to strengthen its independence. The concession was in fact not being used by this company, but was being held simply in order to prevent the creation of a national oil company in Kuwait. Kuwait Oil Company, as everyone knows, is the joint subsidiary of two large oil trusts, Gulf Oil Corporation, which is American, and British Petroleum. As we see, the foundations are beinglaidfor a national oil industry in Kuwait, and this is shown particularly by the establishment of the Kuwait Petroleum Company. 85. It is also worthy of note that Kuwaitis now reèognized by more than eighty States, including the overwhelming majority of the Arab countries. 86. Bearing in mind the altered circumstances, the USSR Government accepted the proposaI of the State of Ruwait for the establishmentof diplomatie relations between the Soviet Union and Kuwait, and for the exchange of diplomatie missions at the ambassadorial level. The understanding between the two Governments on this question was confirmed by an exchange of notes on 11 March 1963 betweenthe USSR Ambassador to the United states of America and the Chargé d'affaires of Kuwait in the United States. 87. In the light of what 1 have said, the Soviet clelegation supports Kuwa.it's application and will vote for its admission to membership of the Organization. We '*elcome the entry of a new young Member, the State ofKuwait, into the international familyofstates Membe:rs of the United Nations. The appearance in our Tanks of each new Member, especially of those States which hlilve joined the Organization in recent years, 88. The Soviet delegation believes that the admission of Kuwait to the United Nations will helpto strengthen Kuwait's genuine independence, and to safeguard this independence against the schemes of those Powers which, despite their official statements, pursue aims in this region which take no account of the interests of the Arab peoples. 89. An eloquent reminder of the flagrant interference of these foreign Powers in the internaI affairs of the Arab ccuntries is the "muscle-flexing", noted in the United States Press, to which the United States and the United Kingdom once again resorted in the Middle East in recent days. At this very moment, while this meeting of the Security Council is taking place, the United States Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean and the United Kingdom armed forces in Aden and Cyprus are again in a state of battle readiness and are once more staging a show of force for the benefit of the Arab States. 90. Such actions can hardly be said to contribute to a more normal situation in the Near East. However, we are optimists, and we are profoundly convinced that the interests of peace and security in this region, and the interests and aspirations of the peoples of the Arab countries, will prevail against the schemes of old and new colonialism. We should like to express the hope that among these Arab States now fighting against attempts to revive foreign domination in this region, and for the protection of theil' peoples 1 interests, the new State which is today applying to the Security Council for admission to the United Nations -the State of Kuwait-will play a worthy l'ole. 91. We should like to take the opportunity, at this solemn moment for aU of us, of wishing Kuwait and its people aIl possible success in further strengthening and developing their national independence and sovereignty.

As I have no more speakers on my Hst, I will take the opportunity to speak at this point in my capacity as t'epresentative of FRANCE. 93. As most of the members of the Security Council have pointed out in their statements, the consideration of the application of the Government of Kuwait for that country's admission to the United Nations is not a new question. While it is to be regretted that difficulties arose which obHged the authorities of Kuwait to allow a considerable time to elapse before renewing their (ïpplication to the Security Council, I, for my part, welcome this opportunity to state that the French Government's attitude in this matterhas always been the same. The considerations referred to by my predecessor at the meeting of 30 November 1961 [984th meeting] are, in our opinion, just as valid today as they were then. The events which have taken place since that date, andin which the State of Kuwait has been directly or indirectly involved, do not seem to us to constitute "new evidence" of auch a nature as 98. Speaking as PRESIDENT, 1 take it that, in view of the statements which have just been made by the members of the Security Council, 1 may conclude that the Council unanimously recommends the admission .of the State of Kuwait to the United Nations. 99. In accordance with the secondparagraph of rule 60 of the provisional rules of procedure of the Security Council, 1 propose to send the Secretary-General of the United Nations a letter drafted as follows: "I have "the honour to request you to inform the General Assembly that at its 1034th meeting, on 7 May 1963, after exam.iningthe applicationof Kuwait for membership in the United Nations, the Security Council unanimously recommended that the General Assembly should admit Kuwait to membership in the United Nations. 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