S/PV.1038 Security Council

Members ofthe Council know that we have had consultations among ourselves since last night. The consultati.ons are still going on, and therefore, if there is no objection, 1 would recommend a suspension of this meeting until 12 0 'clock. It was so decided. The meeting was suspended at 11.45 a.m. and resumed at 14.10 p.m.

If 1 speak to you agai.n so saon, it is because of my concern that the United Nations observation assistance calledfor under the terms of disengagement in Yemen, as agreedupon by the parties, should beprovidedwiththe least possible delay. 1 am naturally hopeful thatthe informaI consultations .that have been going on in ail effort to achieve general agreement on the wording of the resolution relating to the Yemen observation mission will prove fruitful. 1 am compelled to say that 1 feel strongly that it would not be in the interest of peace in the Near East, and certainly not in the interest of this Organization, if it should for any reason fail to provide the observation assistance requested by the parties, or delay much longer in doing so. 3. From my informal talks with members of this Council, 1 am of the firm impression that everyone agrees that the observation function called for should he provided. This, in my view, is a key point, along with two other key pOints-namely, that the parties concerned are themselves agreed on the need for United Nations observation, and have asked for it; that the parties also are prepared to bear the cost 4. It is not, then, as 1 see it, the question of the establishment of the proposed observation mission that is really at issue now in the Counci!, sinee everyone agrees that this operation is necessary, Rather, it is the question of whatandhow much should go into a resolution about that matter. 5. 1 am prepared to commencetheoperationimmediately. The Counci! is already aware that it will be a modest mission, not exceeding 200 people, including sorne carefully selected and experienced military officer observers and a ;,lmall number of other ranks. Its duration should not exceed four months, and it could be concluded in two. In the event that more than two months should be required, 1 would certainly report this fact ta the Counci! in advance. 6. Finally, 1 should like ta warn that there is growing evidence tp.at the agreement onthe terms ofdisengagement may 1)e jeopardizedifthe UnitedNations observation personnel are not on the spot. 1 earnestly hope, therefore, that the Counci! will find it possible to achieve prompt agreement on this matter. 7. MI'. FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): On instructions from the Government of the Soviet Union, the Soviet delegation requested a meeting of the Security Counci! to consider reports by the Secretary-General of the United Nations concerning "certain aspects of the situation in Yemen of external origin" and aimed at "ensuring against any developments in that situation which might threaten the peace of the area" [S/5298). At the last meeting, members of the Counci! had an opportunity of hearing a statement by the Secretary- General on this subject, summarizing his views on the action which might be taken in this connexion under the auspices of the United Nations. 8. For a true understanding and a proper assessment of the events which occasioned the submission of these reports by the Secretary-General, we must refer to certain important developments in the recent pasto It will be remembered that as long ago aB '28 February 1963 the President of the Yemen Ar&b Republic, Abdallah Al-Sallal, sent to the President of the Security Council a cable.!J stating that ".'•• this flagrant aggression on the part of Britain against the territory of the Yemen Arab Republic constitutes a clear violation of the sovereignty of the Yemen Arab Republic and the inviolability of its territories as well as a threat to world peace and a clear violation of the United Nations Charter". This messagefrom the President of Yemen requested immediate action to stop the aggression at once. 9. It must be pointed out that interference in the domestic affairs of Yemen began, as everyone weIl knows, literally on the day following the victory of the progressive forces which had set up a republican system in that country. At a press conference on 18 October 1962, the Headofthe Governmentofthe Yemen 11. Equally frank is the statement of lia foreign diplomat" printed in the French newspaper le Monde on 20 October 1962, which l quote: Il. • • The consolidation of the Government of General Sallal might become, for the West, a defeat as cruel as that of Suez in 1956." 12. The situation concerning the Yemen Arab Republic and the foreign interference in the domestic affairs of that sovereign State were aggravated by the fact that hostile action against Yemen was undertaken from the territory of certain countries. In these circumstances the Government of the Yemen Arab Republic naturally took military action to defend and uphold its freedom and independence, in acct)rdance \Vith the right of self-defence provided for in the United Nations Charter. 13. In its struggle for national independence, the Yemen Arab Republic did not find itself alone. It was assisted by friendly States, which declared their full support for the noble struggle for its national interests on which the Yemeni people had embarked. As for the Soviet Union, Mr. N. S. Khrushchev, Head of the GOVE.rmnent of the Soviet Union, wrote as follows in a cable which on 1 October 1962 he addressed to the Head of the Government of the Yemen Arab Republic, Aiïd~llah Al-Sallal: IIThe peoples of the Soviet Union sincerely wlsh the Yemeni people success in the strengthening of the political and economic independence of their country, and regard as inadmissible any foreign interference in the domestic affairs of Yemen." As is weIl known, military aid was supplied to the Yemen Arab Republic, at its request, by the Government of the United Arab Republic. 14. The continuaI schemingofthe imperialists against Yemen could not fail to attract the attention of the United Nations as weIl. Recently we have witnessed the efforts of the Secretary-General, U Thant, to secure a peaceful settlement and.·pre'lent fUlther dangerous developments which would threaten peace in this area. As a result, with the participation of the Secretary-General, talks took place, as we know, during which the parties concerned agreed that it would be possible to send to the area of the frontier between Yemen and Saudi Arabia a limited number of United Nations observers for a period of two months, subject to certain conditions and ta their withdrawal after that period. These talks, referred to in the 15. The agreement reached on this question between the United Arab Republic, the Yemen Arab Republic and Saudi Arabia is obviously directed towards the same end, and in that respect can only be welcomed. However. in connexion with one of the aspects mentioned in the agreement, namely. the sending of United Nations observers to the area of the frontier between Yemen and Saudi Arabia, we consider it essential to make certain comments. since it affects not only the parties directly concerned but the whole problem of United Nations action for the maintenance of peace and security. 16. Developments in recent years have shown that the sending of observers or the stationing of troops of the United Nations in dtiferent regions of the . world has been used by the imperialist Powers for the purpose of establishing, under the United Nations flag, their control over certain areas. 17. In thi~ context, the Soviet delegation considers it essential to point out that the most effective guarantee . against the continuation or renewal of aggression from any quarter consists in measures for the resolute curbing of the aggressor. and not in the stationing of United Nations troops or observers on the frontiers between a foreign aggressol' and his viotim. 18. However, since in this particular instance the Governments of the United Arab Republic and the Yemen Arab Republic consider that the sending of United Nations observers to the Yemeni-Saudi Arabian frontier zone might in fact make further aggressive' acts agcinst Yemen more difficult, the Soviet delegation would not object to the Security Council-which under the United Nations Charter is the only body competent to take decisions on actionby the Organization for the maintenance of international peace and security-deciding that a limited number of United Nations observers should be sent to the area in question for a period oftwo months, as agreed b~tween the parties concerned. 19. As for the defrayal of the expenses involved in these operations and listed in the estiml;ltes submitted by the Secretary-General [S/5323). the Soviet Union in this instance takes the same stand as it does in regard to the maintenance of the so-called United Nations Emergency Force in the Middle East and the Organization's forces in the Congo. That position is based on a just and politically reasoned. approach. namely that the aggressor nations should pay the cost of liquidating. the consequences of theiraggression. 20. It must of coursebe remembered that in this specifie instance,.as stated by the Secretary-General inhis report of 7 June [S/5325), agreement on the method of meeting the expenses entailed by the 21. An important reason why the Security Council should be able ta reach a decision on this question smoothly is the fact that, as the report given at the last meeting to the Counci! by the Secretary-General shows, the Counci! is about to decide on an operation the duration of which is limited by a specifie agreement between the Governments of the United Arab Republic and Saudi Arabia, whereby these Governments have undertaken to pay thecosts of the operation in question for a period of two IUonths, and the United Nations is not committed to any financial expenditure in respect of the observer operation. 22. The Soviet delegation assumes that, given these considerations and cirCl..:.mstances, the Security Council will adopt a deci8ion which takes due account of the useful initiative of the Secretary-General, aimed at a peaceful settlement; of the fact that the parties concerned have agreed to the sending of a limited number of United Nations observers to the areaof the frontier between Yemen and Saudi Arabia for aperiod of two months; andfinally ofthe fact that this operation will be financed as indicated in yesterday's statement by the Secretary-General to the Security Council. : 3. The Soviet delegation expresses the hcpe that the members of the Security Council will act inthis sense and will adopt a resolution which, if properly implemented, may be one of the measures which will help to normalize the situation in this area and remove the threat to peace and security in the Near East.

1 should like to start by congratulating the Counci! on its wisdom in not taking up this question unti! developments in the situation have made it possible to suggest a' settlement wl:ose iD:mediate effectiveness is already becoming perceptible. The events which have shaken Yemen for the past ten months have been so serious that their repercussions not only went. beyond the borders of Yemen itself, but spread unrest throughout the Middle East, and, as a result of certain foreign intervention, might well have carried undesirable consequences far beyond that region. That is why the time atwhich the question is considered is of special significance. 25. On, this occasion, 1 should also like to paya tribute to all those who, on onesideor the other, have made perservering and fruitful efforts ta enable this meeting to take place in the circumstances and manner which we have noted. My Government is particularly pleased to congratulate the Secretary-General for the discretion and perseverance withwhich, ever sincethe situation developed, he has beenconverting what might have been an acute crisis with grave consequences iuto a problem allowing of a much more deliberate search for a solution, the elements ofwhichnow seem calculated to br!ng peace to the area. 27. At a time when his own efforts, those of his helpers and of the different countries in the region are about to obtain results, 1 am sincerely anxious also to pay a tl;ibute to aU those who, since this meeting was convened, have offered their personal assistance and the support of their Governments to the delegations of Ghana and Morocco to enable them to prepare and to submit the teht of a draft resolution which 1 should now like to read:Y "The Security Council, "Noting with satisfaction the initiative of the Secretary-General as mentioned in his report of April 29, 1963 [S/5298] 'about certain aspects of the situation in Yemen of external origin'. and aimed at achievement of a peaceful settlement and 'ensuring against any developments in that situation which might threaten the peace of the area', "Noting further the statement by the Secretary- General, before the Security Council on 10 June 1963, "Noting further with satisfaction that the parties directly concerned with the situation affectingYemel. have confirmed their acceptance of identical terms of disengagement inYemen, and.that the Governments of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Republic have agl:eed to defray the expenses over a period of two months of the United Nations observation Îtlnction called for in the terms of disengagement, "1. Requests the Secretary-General to establish the observation operation as defined by him; "2. Urges the parties concerned to observe fully the terms of disengagement reported in. document S/5298 and to refrain from any action which would increase tension in the area; "3. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the implementation of this decision." 28. The considerations which have inspired the two delegations sponsoring this draft resolution are related to three points. 29. In the first place, we wanted to define the precise limits within which the United Nations could lawfully take action and could assume responsibilities in a dispute endangering international peace and security. In the first paragraph of the preamble we wanted to use the very terms used by the Secretary-General in one of his reports, so that this action could be clearly defined by the quotations: "about certain aspects of the situation in Yemen of external origin" and "ensuring against any developments in thatsituation which might threaten the peace of the area". We think that regardless of the fundamental reasons for the crisis- 30. In the second paragraph of the draft resolution, we thought that we should mention the statement made at the last meeting by the Secretary-General. It is in fact obviously in order to refer to certainpassages of that statement, which constitute a report on the situation, particularly as the Secretary-General was defining before the Council both the context and the prospects of his action. 31. In the third paragraph of the preamble, we note the second idea which served as a basis in the preparation of this draft resolution, i.e. the fact that the two parties concerned-the United Arab Republic and the Government of Saudi Arabia-have both accepted the political solution recommended by the United Nations. and agreed to the manner and means of financing the settlement of the crisis for a specific periode 32. The operative part of our draft resolution covers three points. First, the Security Council requests the Secretary-General to establish the observation operation as defined by him. Needless to say, the reference to various reports and statements made by the Secretary-General leaves no doubt as to the manner in which the Secretary-General will undertake this action: the context and the limits are clearly defined. 33. The second point made in the operative part of our drait resolution consists of an appeal to the parties concerned to give genuine support to the United Nations action in order to render that action effective and prompt, and also to direct it towards the aims which the Secretary-General has defined and which we hope the Security Council will recommend. 34. We also request the Secretary-General to report ta the Security Council at the end of the two-month period which is the first stage towards achieving the proposed solution. 35. In submitting this drait resolution, the delegatians of Ghana and Morocco thought that they might be able to help in seeking the best solution, and to assist the Secretary-General and the United Nations in finding the most satisfactory solution in the circUl11stances and the best and most suitable means of reaching it. 36. r. should like to e""Plain, however, that we do not want the draft resolution, which we hope the Council will adopt, ta constitute a precedent with regard to either the political aspect of the solution which it recommends or to the means proposed to meet the expenses arising from that solution. We thought that the Cl'isis in Yemen was so unprecedented that the solution to be sought for it should also be unprecedented. In our opinion, the details of the solution cannot in any way affect the permanent principles of the Charter of the United Nations or the permanent means prescribed by it for the settlement of problems, methods of financing or the establishment of

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