S/PV.1039 Security Council

l have no other speakers on my list before the consideration of the draft resolution before us. Does any member of the Counci! wish to speak? If not. then l propose to the Counci! that we might proceed to the vote on the draft resolution proposed by Ghana and Morocco [S/5330). A vote Wc9.S taken by show ofhands. In favour: Brazil. China. France. Ghana. Morocco, Norway. Philippines. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United States of America. Venezuela. Against: None. Abstaining: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

l should like to explain very briefly the understanding of the United States in regard to the draft resolution we have just adopted. particularly in light of other statements that have been made to the Counci!. Frankly. it was our hope that the Secretary-General might have proceeded promptly and without objection. on the basis of bis reports to the Council. to the dispatch of the United Nations observation mission in compliance with the request of the parties. 10. As to the question of the duration of the operation, we consider that the SecretarY-General's report deals with this matter sufficiently and satisfactorily and that the resolution we have adopted asks him to proceed in accordance with the plans set forth in these reports. 11. As to the financing of the observer operation, it is proper, in our opinion, that the Security Council resolution rpakes no provision therefor and merely notes that the parties have agreedbetween themselves ta pay the costs for a limited time. Accordingly, the United states delegation voted for the resolution and will welcome the prompt dispatch of observers to the area as proposed by thé Secretary-General. We wish ta express our thanks to him for his prompt and effective initiative to avoid international conflict in this area. 12. Finally, we wish to thank you, MI'. President, and the representative of Morocco for finding a satisfactory solution permitting the Secretary-General to commence immediately the disengagen.':lnt to which the parties have agreed and which is oi such great urgency. 13. MI'. FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): The resolution on the United Nations Observation Mission which has just been adopted by the Security Council does not, in the view of the Soviet delegation, fully meet the requirements of the situation, and is therefore inadequate. 14. In the first place, the resolution gives no direct indication of the specifie amount of time forwhich the Observation Mission is to serve in the region of the frontier between Yemen and Saud! Arabia. Yet, as we know from the statement made to the Council by the Secretaq-General yesterday [1037th meeting], what is cüntemplated is to send United Nations observers for a specifie, limited period of time. 15. In fact, no one in the Council has suggested sending the observers to the region for an indefinite period. But in general, canwe adopt a serious decision if we fail to consider specifie time-limits? There cannot be any question, after aIl, of the United Nations observers settling permanently in the region! How. we ask, can action be taken if we disregard the time factor? 16. What is clearly contemplatedunderthe agreement reached by the parties concerned during the talks in which the Secretary-General took part is a limited, completely definite period of time during which the observers are to be present. In view of these con- 18. The question of prolonging the observation mission's stay in the regionofthefrontierbetween Yemen and Saudi Arabia should be considered by the Security Council after the two months have elapsed, and the appropriate decision taken. We have naturally taken note of today' s statement by the Secretary-General to the Council [1038th meeting], that "in the event that more' than two months should be required" he would "certainly report this fact to the Council in advance". 19. Limiting the duration of the United Nations observers' stay in the l'egion is also important from the financial standpoint. We have in mind the Secretary-General's statement of yesterday that the parties concerned will defray the expense of the operation over a period of two months and that there are therefore no financial implications for the United Nations. Despite the justified urgings of the Soviet delegation, this latter position too, concerning sources of financing, has not been duly reflected in the resolution adopted. 20. In deciding to conduct an operation entailing the use of armed forces under United Nations auspices. by virtue of Articles 43. 48 and 50 of the Charter. the Security Council is bound to consider the question of sources of financing as weIl. In essence the Council has already done this. since it received ~rom the Secretary-General an estimate of the costs involved in the operation and it also heard the Secretary,.. General's statement that the maintenance of the United Nations observers for a two-month period would not &ntail any financial expenditure by the United Nations. 21. Let me say that we have. of course, taken note of the Secretary-General's statement. made to the Security Council at the last meeting. that the parties concerned will bear the cost of the Observation Mission "for a period of two months. and possibly for a total period of four months. should that prove necessary".We have also noted the Secretary-General's statement that the Observation Mission "will be a modest mission. not exceeding 200 people". Nevertheless. because of the position adopted by some delegations. the question of sources offinancing was still not included in the l'esolution·in a direct way, as it should have been. 23. Can the Council fail, then, to take account of the material and financial aspects of the execution of its decisions? Can it fail to do so particularly under the present circurnstances, ignoring our Organization's financial situation, which is already far too serious? Have we not had enough unhappy experience of decisions adopted by the Organization but doomed to remain dead letters because the financial side of the matter was neglected? 24. Any approach which fails to reckon with this factor cannot be considered sober and realistic. This is why the Soviet delegation has consistently taken and continues to take the view that the Security Council, in keeping with the letter and spirit of the Charter, should adopt decisions involving action on behalf of the United Nations for the maintenance of world peace and security only when aIl aspects of the matter, including the material and financial conditions for the execution of its decieions, have been duly examined. 25. It is these considerations which led the Soviet delegation to abstain in the vote on the draft resolution. 26. Allow me to observe, finally. that the atmosphere in which the question of sending an observation mission to the region of the frontier between Yemen and Saudî Arabia was discussed has been markedby constructive efforts to Und a solution to the problem in a spirit of understandîng and co-operation. Inthis regardwe must above aIl note the initiative and constructive rafforts of U Thant, the Secretary-General, of Ambassador Alex Quaison-Sackey, the President of the Security Council, of Ambassador Ahmed Benhima, the representative of Morocco, and also of the representatives of the countries directly interested in achieving a peaceful settlement in the region. 27. Ml'. CARVALHO SILOS (Brazil): The question that the Secur~ty Council has dealt with is pertinent. This is the first consideration that the Brazilian delegation would like to put on record. We are indeed confronted with a situation that, if allowed to develop, would endanger the peace and security of an important region of the world. 28. A second consideration of still greater importance is that the parties primarily concerned have undertaken to avoid a deterioration of the situation. There is every reason to believe that they are not only endeavouring to cope wîth the tension now existing in the area, but are also striVing to pave the way to the disengagement which will lead to peace. 29. In the third place, the Brazilian delegation commends the steps that have beentaken by the Secretary- General towards the following goals: first, the study of the intrinsic problems of the question; secondly, to bring about disengagementj thirdly, ta schedule an 31. These are the reasons that induced the Brazilian delegation to vote in favour of the resollltion.

The Philippine delegation has studied with careful attention the reports of the Secretary-General to the Security Council concerning developments in Yemen. The Secretary- General's declarations ofyesterday andofthis morning emphasized the urgÈmcy of sending United Nations observation assistance to the area in question without further delay. in the interest of easing the crisis in Yemen. Tlierefore my delegation supported the draft resolution tabled by Ghana and Morocco. 33. However we should like to state. as the representative of Morocco has said. that this isa unique situation calling for a unique solution. and that it should not. therefore. be considered as a precedent. particularly with regard to the assumption that only the Security Council can authorize peace-keeping operations or that it is the only body that can initiate action to keep the peace. 34. We are glad to note thatthis resolution expresses appreciation of the initiative of the Secretary-General in his efforts to bring about a peaceful settlement. He has indeed exercised his authority with skill and discretion within the terms of his office. 35. The Philippine delegation attaches importance to the fact that the two parties in conflict have specifically requested a United Nations presence in order to bring about disengagement in Yemen. Once more. the need of the United Nations as a peacekeeping body has been demonstrated. Undoubtedly. the peace-keeping machinery of the United Nations cannot be always perfecto but my delegation cannot accept the allegation that peace-keeping missions entrench the position of a few Powers. 1 am sure we can all agree that this is an assumptionforeignto our sincere search for satisfactory agreements. and is not helpfuI. 36. We trust that the parties concerned in the disengagement will live up to their responsibility to refrain ft'om any action which wouldfurther aggravate the situation. in Yemen. We are confident that the 38. It is indeed good that a resolution of the Security Council should authorize the Secretary-General to put into effect in the shortest possible time the judicious measures that he has devised in order to overcome the difficulties of the current situation in Yemen. It is also good that in its third preambular paragraph this resolution recalls the manner in which the proposed operation is to be financed-this is, of course, a very important aspect of the problem and one on which, in the opinion of my delegation, the Security Council is competent to make a decision. . ments 39. Since the financing of this operation is assured for a period of two months, the decision of the Security Council, in our opinion, is valid for that period. Moreover, we understandfrcm the information given by the Secretary-General that no new expenditure will be incurred by the United Nations in this connexion, and that if the observation operation undertaken by the United Nations were to exceed two months, he would inform the Security Council of that fact in good time. We therefore consider that if that proved ta be the case, and if the payments made by the parties were to cease, the Counoil would have to re-examine the problem. 40. That is the understanding on which my delegation has voted for the draft resolutions before it, in the firm hope that by its decision the Security Council will have made the mosteffective possible contribution to the preservation of peace and security in the Middle East. 41. Ml'. HSUEH (China): Like my colleagues, l shall be very brief. In the face of a situation in the Middle East which is fraught with dangerous possibilities, the Council, 1 think, is indebted to the Secretary-General for his efforts to bring about an agreement on the terms of disengagement between the parties involved. 1 also wish to pay tribute to Ambassador Bunker of the United States and to Dr. Bunche, Under-Secretary for Special Political Affairs of the United Nations, for their efforts on this question at the initial stage. 42. It is now for the Council to see to it that the agreement is speedily and fully carried out and that ail elements of external origin, wherever they may have come from, are removed from the civil strife in Yemen with the least possible delay, as envisaged in the reports of theSecretary-General. Mydelegation believes that the resolution we have just adopted will achieve these purposes and has therefore voted in favour of it. 43. It remains only for me to congratulate you, Ml'. President, and the representative of Morocco on the Success of your efforts in working out the text of this resolution, and to extend to the Secretary-Generalour best wishes for success in his implementation of the resolution. 46. In our view, the Secret~-General has been doing a very good job in other areas. For example, we could mention the case of Cambodia and Thailand in 1958; and tlùs year an observation team has been sent without reference to the Security Council, because the parties concerned had agreed to defray the costs involved. In the case of West Irian, because the parties concernect-that is to say, the Netherlands and Indonesia-agreed to pay the costs, there .was no reference to the Security Council. But in this case the matter has come here because there is still some uncertainty as to whether the disengagement can take place within the period specilied in the agreement, which is to the effect, that the two parties will defray the cost over two months. If the observation team had to continue its efforts in the area after the twomonth perioo., then in our view the Security Council would have to approve of further action in the area. 47. The Ghana delegation feels that it is the primary résponsibility of the Security Council to see that a peace-keeping oper.ation takes place. But we feel that any position taken by the Council implies some financial obligation, and once a positionhas beentaken, then the assessment of the costs will, of course, be the prerogative of the General Assembly. Here, howêver, we are concerned with an agreementbetween two parties who have agreed to defray the expenses over a period of two months. That is why we 'saw our way clear towards prepariqg a compromisedraft and urging members of the Council to vote for it accordingly, in order to help the Secretary-General in his efforts. 48. We feel that the resolution that has been adopted by the Council is a very important one. 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