S/PV.1049 Security Council

In accordance with the decisiontaken earlier by the Security Council, l shall now invite the representatives of Tunisia, Liberia, Portugal, Sie'l'ra Leone and Madagascar in turn to take a place at the Council table. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Mongi Slim (Tunisia), Mr. Rudolph Grimes (Liberia), Mr. Alberto Franco Nogueira (Portugal), Mr. John Karefa-Smart (Sierra Leone) and Mr. Louis Rakotomalala (Madagascar), t'oak places at the Security Council table.

The Council will continue discussion ofitem 2onits agenda, as well as of the joint draft resolution submitted by the delegations of Ghana, Morocco and the Philippines [S/5372] and the amendments submitted by the delegation of Venezuela [S/5379]. 3. Ml'. CARVALHO SILOS (Brazil): The Brazilian delegation would like to have a separate vote on operative paragraph 6. 4. Ml'. QUAISON-SACKEY (Ghana): Ml'. President, when my delegation and your delegation and the delegation of the Philippines brought in the draft resolution, we did have a series of consultations with a number of delegations. Paragraph 6 asit stands in the draft resolution was carefully considered and therefore my delegation, on behalf of the co-sponsors, wouldappeal to the representative of Brazil not to insist on a separate vote. 5. May l now sayon behalf of the sponsors, and with the permission of the Foreign Ministers from Africa, that we appreciate the efforts of the representative of Venezuela in trying to find ways and means by which our draft resolution could have wider acceptance before the Council. We have considered the various amendments which the representative of Venezuela nas put forward and·I can say that the Ministers and the cosponsors accept them, although with reluctance. Our desire has been to approach this matter cautiously. It has never been ourintentionto be impatientor to drive the Council into extreme positions. 6. Our aim has been to emphasize three factors which we pelieve are overriding in the consideration of the question of the Portuguese territories in Africa. The first has been that there ls a threat to peace and security in Africa. The second has been that there should bean implementation of resolutions which the General Assembly and the Security Council have passed, implying the acceptance ofse1f-determination and independence for the people of Angola, Mozambique and Guinea. The third has been that we sought to ask the Council that some limited kind of embargo should

May 1 now ask the representative of Brazil whether he pressés for the adoption of his proposal?

1 do not insiste

Before putting the amendments submitted by Venezuela to the. vote, 1 wish to inform the Council that my attention has been drawn toa minor.error in the French translation of the text of these amendments. In paragraph 5, in conformity with the original, which is in Spanish, it would seem that the best translation would be obtained by amendingthe phrase "Invite instamment le Portugal 1i appliquer les dispositions suivantes",to read: "Iuvite le Portugal 1i appliquer d'urgence les dispositions suivantes". 1have consultedthe delegation of Venezuela and understand that this was in fact its intention in introducing this amendment. 11. Mr.NIELSEN (Norway): 1 appreciate this opportunity to state very briefly the positionofNorway with regard to the draft resolution before us as weIl as to the amendments to the draft resolution submitted by the rerresentative of Venezuela. 12. As 1 stated during my general intervention onthe matter before us, the Norweigian Government holds the view"that the cessation of colonial ruleis an inevitable process which must be completed. The task withwhich the United Nations is faced is one of assisting in the accomplishment of this Inevitable historic process in a peaceful manner. The Norwegian delegation is anxious lest the situation in the territories under Portuguese administration may develop into a real threat to peace and secarity in Africaifthepeoples there are not granted self-government in prepa.ration for theïr exercise of their right to self-determination. 13. In our view; the draft resolution containedindocument S/5372, which is beforeus, ifamendedin accordance with the proposal submittedby the representative of Venezuela, is designedexactlytocontributetowards a peaceful development in that direction. Norwaywill, therefore, seriously appeal to all parties directly involved to do their utmost to promote a peaceful solution, without resort to force or coercive measures. 15. The Norwegian delegation acknowledges. with deep appreciation, that, during the consideration of the matter before us, persistent efforts were made to arrive at a result which would obtain the greatest support and which would, therefore, have the greatest possible political weight, aJ'~, we hope, beneficial influence on the situation. It lB our hope that the cIraft resolution, with the amendments, will become a real contribution to such a peaceful solution, although we do not consider that the possibilities of arriving at a decision commanding evenwider supportwere entirely and totally exhausted. 16. It will be understood from my statement that the Norwegian delegation will vote in favour ofthe amendments submitted by the delegation of Venezuela, and in favour of the draft resolution, if so amended.

The co-sponsors of the draft resolution, Ghana, Morocco and the Philippines, having accepted the amendments submitted by the delegation of Venezuela [S/5379J, the Council will now proceedto vote on the draft resolution as amended. .

Some members of the Council have asked for permission to speak after the vote. The first speaker on my list is the representative of Ghana, to whom l give the floor.

The Councilhas spoken: it has adopted a resolution which, thoughweak in its language, brings OUt the main factors for which the Foreign Ministers, and we ourselves, came here. m the, first instance, the Council has categorically stated that the overseas territories of Portugal are notoverseas territories as such, but are colonies of Portugal and, therefore. must have an opportunity .to accede to independence. 23. l wish to pay a tribute to Ambassador Nielsen. of Norway, whotriedforalongtimeto help us to reach a modus operandi which would allow the Security Council to have a draft resolution before it which would have a wider acceptancè by all concerned. l think we aIl must pay tribute to Ml'. Nielsenfor the singular efforts which he made in this regard. l have always knOWll him as a man of integrity. as a man who always has his convictions with regard to a situation and who tack1es the situation without ·reservations. For him to have arrived at this point of view is a mark of his statesmanship. 24. With regard to the representative of Venezuela, l think that all of us agree that but for him the impasse which was about tobedevilour deIlberations here would not have been broken, and. therefore. my delegation must pay tribute to him for his efforts. 25. The most important point about this draft resolution is that there is an acknowledgement that there should be some self-determination and independence granted to the peoples of Angola, Mozambique. Guinea and, of course, Cabinda. and special responsibility has been imposed on the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General is a man who has shoulderec: greaterresponsibilities than this. and l am sure that this small responsibility whioh we are imposing on him will be effectivelycarried out. l am sure that it will bepossible for IDn'. to begin consultations while the Foreign Minister of Portugal is still in NewYork so that some breakthrough can be effectedbefore the Foreign Minister departs. It should be possible for thewindow to he opened and for the principle of self-determination at least to be accepted by the Foreign Minister of Portugal before he leaves for Lisbon. 26. l am sure thatthe Foreign Ministers who are here will express their own views' on the resolution.but l wish to say that the resultwhichwe have 1l0W achieved is not an unhappy result and we look forward to. the time when the Secretary-General will produce his report. We hope that this will he produced before Octobel' so that the Council may meet once again if at that time the Government of Portugal has not yet accorded the principle of self-determination to its peoples and its tenitories. 28. In my earlier statementbeforetheCouncil [1045th meeting], 1 remarked that the aims of the resolution originally proposed by Ghana, Morocco andthe Philippines were very close to our aims and thaF 1 thought that, through further consultations among the memœrs of this' Council and with the African Foreign Ministers, a resolution could he produced which would command more geheral acceptance. Consultations did takeplace, and 1 should like to express appreciationforthe spirit of reasonableness, of co-operation andofaccommodation shown by the sponsors of thedraft resolution, by the other memhers of the Security Council and by the Mrican Foreign Ministers. As a result ofthese consultations, some welcome modifications, which in 'our judgement improvedthe resolution, were suggested and wereaccepted by the sponsors. They were proposed as amendments by the representative of Venezuela and have DOW been adopted by the Council~ These changes have helpéd to' relieve the apprehensions of the United States a1x>ut the use of language which, in our opinion, cleàrly fell withintheterms ofChapter VII of the Charter.We welco;med the statement of the representàtive of Ghana that even the wording in the original. draft was not intended to invoke Chapter VII, ànd we arl~ glad ta note that the language has now been îurtherchanged to leave no dOl.ib~ on that score. We regret, llowever, that other objections which we hadto the original text still remained and that accordingly it was hot possible to produce full agreementamong us. 29. 1 repeat, in thisexplanation of our abstention, whatI have already said: that, while the United States cannot agree with some of the proVisions of the resolution just adopted, we do ag~ee with the essential sub- .s~ance of the resolution and have, from the very infancy .of olir Republid, believed in the principle of the self..deternlination ofpeoples. The heart of this resolution and the road to settlement of the danger posed bf the situation in the overseas territoriesof Portugal in Africa is the recognition au t the application of thl!,t rightofself-determination ior the peoples of those territori.es. The CQunçil has calledupon Portugal to recognizethat right andto undertake negotiations on that basis. We fi;I'mly believe that the developments we all want can be achieved, andcl!,Donly be achieved, in.an orderly and peaceful manner and withoutf1,1rther viol~nce and suffering cm lx>th sides, as a consequence ofsuch negotiations conducted in good faith. 31. We are confident that the Secretary-Generaland hisrepresentatives, in pursuing this formidable mis~ sion, will also, in accordancewith hisCharter authority and responsibility, take every possib~e step to reduce friction andto bring about the change in a peaceful setting. But uItimately he must count on the spirit of co-operation and accommodation of the parties. Without it, there can be ho satisfactory sequelto the Council's action here today. 32. The resolution also asks that Member States l'efrain from the sale or the supplyofarms and military equipment to Portugal for use in the Portugueseoverseas tl?rritories iD. Africa. The United States has feIt that arms supplied to Portugal for other purposes and used in Us overseas teriitories might well contribute ta an increase in friction and danger. With these considerations in mind, the United Stat68 has, for a number of years, followed apolicy ofprovidingno àrms 01' milit&.ry equiprnent to Portugal for use in these territories, and with thesa sarne objectives in mindwe have also prohibited direct export of arms and military equipment to the Portuguese territories. The United States will continue to adhere to that policy. We trust that other States will exercisea sirnilar restraint, avoiding actIons of any kind which could further increase the tensions in the area, and that they will cooperate fully to assure that the solution willbe achieved through peaceful means. 33. To resolve the long-standing controversy about the future of these territories in a manner consistent with the course of history, wit.;. the wishesof all the inhabitants, and in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations would be a great boon to this troubled world, and my Government earnestly hopes that the interested parties, with thehelp andthe encouragement of the United Nations and of all the friends of peace, will arrive a.t that destination. They can c·ount on the help, if wanted, of the Governmentofthe United States. 34. MI'. SOLODOVNIKOV (UniOn of Soviet Socialist Republics) (trànslated from Russian): The Soviet delegation has already had occasion to state its opinion on the draft resolution submitted by three countries of Africa and Asia. We said that. we would vote for this draft resolution,· although we consideredthat it did not adequately reflect the grave and dangerous situation prevailing in the Portuguese African colonies and the determination of the African peoples to put an end to· Portuguese colonial domination in that continent. 35. The co-sponsors of the draft resolution agreed to certain amendments .proposed by the representative 36. The Soviet delegation would have preferred measures stronger than those provided for in the resolution adopted. However, sinee the Venezuelan amendments were accepted by the co-sponsors of the three-Power draft resolution, we, in order to meet the wishes of the African countries, considered that we could support the resolution. 37. Notwithstanding its obvious shortcomings, the resolution which the Council has just adopted does contain some positive aspects to which we would now draw the attention of members of the Council. This resolution confirms and enhances the meaning of the provisions of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) in their application to the Portuguese colonies. The resolution adopted by the Council provides for the immediate fulfilment by Portugal of the following demands, and this is ofgreat importance ofa normalization of the situation in Africa: "(f!:) The, immediate recognition of the right ofthe peoples of the Territories under Portuguese administration to self-determination and independence; "(~) The immediate cessation of all acts of repression and the withdrawal of an military andother forces at present employed by the Portuguese Government for that purpose; "(Q) The promulgationofanunconditionalpolitical amnesty and the establishment .ofconditions thatwill allow the free functioning of political parties; "(Q) Negotiations, on the basis of the recognition of the rightto self-determination, withthe authorized representatives of the political parties within and outside the Territories under Portuguese administration with a view to the transfer of power topolitical institutions freely eleeted and representative of the peoples of those Territories, in accordance with resolution1514 adopted by the General Assembly at its fifteenth session; "(~) The granting of independence immediately thereafter to aIl the Tèrritories u~der Porttiguese administration in accordance with the aspirations of the peoples". 38. It should be noted that the resolution in paragraph 6 also requests an end to.the sale and supply to the Portuguese Government of arms and military equipment which might be used against the African peoples. 39. The Soviet delegation regards it as an important circumstance that the Security Council has in fact endorsed General Assembly resolution1807 (XVII) and has thereby made its implementation mandatory.The great significance of Council resolutions.is. that they bind States unconditionally to implementtheprovisions which they contain. Therefore, now that the Council . has adopted this resolution, attention must be directed towards ensuring that all its provisions are actually carrièd out. It is quite obvious thathe Security Council cannot and must not be a passive observer, in cases 41. In conclusion, the Soviet delegation would like to stress the great political significance of the discussion of the colonial question in the Security Council, a discussion which has certainly demonstrated th,e increased unity of the anti-colonial forces; it is' now clear to everyone that the Portuguese colonialrégime in Africa is rejected by the overwhelming majority of mankind. The debates have also shownthat thefront of the African, Asian and socialist countries has grown ' even stronger in the fight for the final liquidation.of the remnants of the hated colonial system, and that there is increasing isolation· of the accomplices and allies of the colonizers, who by their policies are placing a brake on mankind'8 movementtowards peace and progressa 42. Sir Patrick DEAN (United Kingdom): 1 wish to explain the position which my delegationhas justtaken on the draft resolution which was submitted by the delegations of Ghana, Morocco and the Philippines, the original text of wh1ch was aroended in accordance with proposals submittedbythe delegationofVenezuela and accepted by the sponsors. , 43. It is a matter of some regret to my delegation that tIlle debates we have had during the past week and the private and courteousdiscussionswhichhaveiaken place outside of tbisroomhavenot,inthe event, led up ta the sort of draft resolution for whichwe could have voted. In my earlier speech to tbis Council [1045th meeting] 1 explained in general the reasons why my delegation would not be able to support the draft resolution contained in document S/5372. whichwas before the Council at that time. My deiegation carefully studied the effect which therecently adopted amendments would have made, but 1 regret to say tha~ these changes are not in themselves sufficient to overcome the general objections to which 1 referred when Iwas explaining my views on the earlier draft. These objectiens, therefore, continue to be valid. in the opinion of my delegation. In particular. the present draft, after calling quite properly on Portugal to glve recognition to the right of self-determination to the peoples of lts territories, then goes on to attempt to lay down in precise detai! the steps which it is claimedthe Portuguese must take to give effect to the right of selfdetermination. As 1 made clear in my speech. it is our view that the responsibility for giving effect to this p:i:'inciple must lie with Portugal. It is naturally of concern to this Council that this shouldbe done in a timely and proper fasbion. but it isnot for this Council to attemptto tell the administering Powerhow to do it. 1 1 1 r 44. My delegation also considers that operative paragraph 1 is out of place and for reasons which are alre.ady weIl known, my delegation could not vote· for Buch a 1Jaragraph. 46. Then. too. 1 shouldlike to draw attentionto operative paragraph 6 of the resolution whichdeals with the supply of arms to Portuguese overseas territories. My delegation has made the United Kingdom's position quite clear on this in the GeneY'al Assembly. We do not supply arms to Portugal for use in its overseas territories and we shall not do so. We are also in favour of paragraph 7 of the resolution which asks for a report by the Secretary-General. 47. Thus it will be apparent that there is much in the substance of this resolution which we could have supported. 1 can only say that my delegation regrets that other features were included which made itimpossible for us to cast an affirmative vote. 48. Finally. my delegation most devoutly hopes that the resolution which has now been adopted will in fact lead to the resuiè which aIl members of this Council wish to see. 49. Ml'. CARVALHO SILOS (Brazil): The Brazilian delegation wishes to place on record its position concerning the vote that has justbeentaken. The Brazilian delegation asked for a separate vote on operative paragraph 6 of the draft resolution in order that it could abstllin on it. As the sponsors of the draft resolution were not in a position to accept our requ.est. 1 would like to state that Brazil voted in favour of the draft as a whole with reservations as i.O the measures contemplated in said operative paragraph 6. 50. On behalf of my delegation. 1 would like to say also that in our view the draft resolutionwas amended in a spirit of moderation and compromise falling now within the scope of Chapter VI of the Charter. The resolution adopted by the Council thus opens the way to the utilization of whatever conciliatory measures of settlement might be considered advisable by the parties concerned or by the Secretary-General in arriving at a peaceful solution to the problem. 51. Ml'. SEYDOUX(France) (translatedfromFrench): In my statement on 26 July [1045th meeting]. I endeavoured to presentas clearly as possible the position of my country with respect to the problem before the, Security Council. This position has led my delegation to abstain in the vote which has just taken place. 53. The explanation of the reservation oi the French delegation is therefore to be found entirely in a conception of the role and of the powers of the United Nations which that delegation has consistently upheld, regardless of the cases with which the Security Council has had to deal. 54. This reservation reflects a long-establishedlegal tradition. as well as a highly practical experience of the ways and means of making real progress and achieving lasting results in international affairs. Butand 1 hope 1 have mad~myself clearlyunderstood-this vote has not beenpromptedbyIndifference. My country hopes that the grave issue which hasjustbeen debated here will evolve in the direction that France itself has chosen; it hopes that. to that end. ta1ks will be initiated between the parties. and. in so far as its assistance may be of use. it will unceasingly work to secùre the dissipation of the existing tension in Africa. in an evolution in keeping with the circumstances.

Igive the floor to the Ministerfor ForeignAffairs of Liberia. 56. Mr. GRIMES (Liberia): Bythe adoption of the draft resolution as amended, this body, whichis responsible for the maintenance ofinternationalpeace and security, has taken positive action in the matter of the Portuguese territories in Africa which was brought to its attention by thirty-two African States. 57. It cannot be denied that the several meetings of this Council on this subject have been quite tedious; but 1 believe that all of us should ~eel compensated for this hard work by the positive action of the Council in adopting the resolution settirr; forth measures which would have the effect of removing the threat to peace in Africa. arising out of Portugal's refusaI to accept the principle of self-determination. 1 ! 58. 1 feel compelled to say that when the peoples of Africa are voicing their aspirations for dignity. freedom and social justice. and are directing '\11 their efforts to achieve independence. the remnants of colonialism are bound to remain a sore spot and to create friction. unrest. tension anddanger; andPortugal'sinsistence that its African colonies are integralpartsof metropolitan Portugal. cannot but meet the united opposition of the African people and become a cause for an explosive situation in Africa. 59. The resolution adopted by the Security Council certainlydoes have far-reaching effects and in that respect 1 hasten to agree with the Foreign Minister of Portugal. By this resolution the Council has recognized that the peoples of the territories under Portuguese administration are entitledto exerci.!3e the right of self- 60. May 1. on behalf of the independent African Governments. voice the hope that Portugal will lend its co-operatiOi'l. to the United Nations bytaking immediate steps towards the Implementation ofthedecisionofthe Council. May 1 aiso express the hope that Portugal will attune its thinking to new events and the new realities in Africa and thereby prove its full membership in the international community by marching to the tune of progress. 61. My colleagues and 1 would wish to record our appreciation to the Council for the action taken in this matter. We beUeve that the COUDcil has demonstrated !ts willingness to accept its responsibility under the Charter to take the necessary action to remove threats to peace wherever they arise. 62. The resolution adopted is a moderate one and we certainly trust that no occasion will arise where the African States will be forced to request the Council to employ the strongest measures to pacifya situation which is recognized as a danger to peace alld security in Africa. 63. Ml'. KAREFA-SMART (Sierra Leone): Ml'. President. you and your colleagues of the Security COUDcil. by adopting this resolution this morning. have written the first Une of the last paragr,aph of the chapter on coloniaUsm in the book of the history of Africa. To those members of the Council-the representatives of Brazil. China. Ghana. Morocco. Norway. Philippines. Union of Soviet Socialist RepubUcs. and Venezuela-I add my sincere thanks and congratulations to the expressions which have already been made by my colleague from Liberia. They have indicated that their friendship for the·people ofAfricais not a sentiment to which oDly lip-service ts paid. It is my earnest hope thai the fact that the representatives of France. the United Kingdom and the United States have abstained from voting does not mean that they have made a negative response to the appealfrom the African Heads of State and have made a final choice between their friendship for Africa andtheirfriendshipfor Portugal. Only their actions in the future. and the support which they will give the Secretary-General in the implementation of this historic resolution will remove the doubt which their abstention inevitably leaves in our minds. 64. To the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Portugal. may 1 be permitted to address afewwords: the names of Pedro de Sintra and Prince Henry the Navigator are enshrined in the opening chapters of the historyof the relationships betweenAfrica and Europe-destinies offering ta the Ministe,r the opportunity to inscribehis own name in the chapter which is being written today. If he will now return to Portugal and faithfully report 65. There is one invitation which 1 can assure the Foreign Minister of Portugal 1 am prepared to accept here and now, andin advance: itis the invitation which, 1 hope, will be forthcoming witbin a very short timeto the independence and liberation ofthe African states of Angola. Mozambique, Guinea, and Cabinda. 66. Ml'. FRANCO NOGUEIRA (Porr..tgal): 1 shall be extremely brief. In view of the result ofthe vote which has been taken tbis morning in this Security Council, 1 wish merely to make the following brief remarks. The interpretation given to the resolutionby the representative of Ghana i8, in my view, very revealing, in the sense that it clearly demonstrates the rE 1 intentions, the real purposes, and the artificiality and meaninglessness of many of the words spoken here, the only intent of which was to create a state of false confidence within the Council-which, 1 hope, will misleadnoone. My delegation, for its part, was not misled. Indeed, the Ambassador, my good friend from Ghana, states that "peace and security in Africa" means peace and security in the world at large. 1 hope the Council will ponder bis words; and 1 wonder why this statement is made, when serious-really serions-events are takingplace in other continents, and which seem, to the representative of Ghana, to be of no importance to the peace and security of the world. 67. As for the resolution which has been adopted by the Council, even as amended,Iwishmerelyto request that what 1 have already saidbefore this Conncil should be a matter of record, and for all useful purposes 1 wish to reiterate it here and now. Once again 1 say that this resolution is morally wrong. And what is morally wrong cannot be politically right. 68. My delegation, therefore. to the regret of the Foreign Minister of Sierra Leone, 1 am sure,.ts not in a position to alter, or depart from, such a view in respect of this most revolting resolution and all the developments which mtght result therefrom.

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