S/PV.1058 Security Council

'In accordance with the decision of the Councilat itsl057thmeeting, Iinvite the representativesof the Syriàn Arab Republic andofIsrael ta tàke their seats at the Council table. At the invitation. of the President, Mr. Salah El l)ine Tar~zi (Syria), fUld Mr., Micha~l Comay(Israel), took places at the. Security COUDcil table. '.

l calI on the Secretary-General who has expressed a desire to make a short statement to the Council. "

l would like tomake a very brief statement. l\1enibers of the Council will recallthat atthe meeting on 23August [1057th meeting] I rep~l·te<l that General Odd Bull had obtained the 4. The purpose of the inspection was to determine whether or not either party had developed a concentration of troops, equipment and weapons in the areas concerned. No evidence of a military build-up on either side was found in the demilitarized zone nor of any build-up or concentration by either side in the defensive areas in excess of the military strength permissible under the Israel-Syrian General Armistice Agreement•.!! 5. The PRESIDENT: 1 thank the Secretary-General for this most welcome information. 6. May 1 draw the attention of the members of the Council to the report which the Secretary"General has made available to the Security Counoilindocument S/5401. Four addenda to this document have been oirculated separately. The bullets referred to in the second addendum to the report are on exhibition on a table in thè Council chamber. 7. MI'. SIDl BABA (Morocco) (translated from French): The two complaints submitted in documents 8/5394 andS/5395 which,are the subjectof the present meeting of the United Nations Security Council, once again bring the question of Palestine before this supreme body. The Council has had to devote no less than two hundred meetings sofar to this unprecedented tragedy, the outcome of the forcible establishment of the State of Israel in the Arab Middle East. 8. The exceptional gravity of the tension created, the danger which threatens peace in that region of the world whenever gunfire is exchanged across the armistice line separating Israel from its neighbours, serve to remind international opinion of the existence of lin abnormal explosive situation which threaten.s to degenerate into armed conflict at any moment. 9. The nature and deep-rooted origins of this tension fully explain why this is not the first time such incidents have occurred, Just as they explain why their constant recurrence constitutes an apparently inevitable dilemma. Indeed all of us here are convinced that t~e question raised today is not simply one of Just any lomllized frontier incident of no particular gravitybetween two neighbouring States, in this instance Syria and Israel. The problem is infinitely more serious, and consequently my delegation considers that we must approachit with alldue objectivity and, .more particularly, free from all forms of pressur~ and mystification. 10. 1 say "prèssure"because last week-end the press agencies released an officialIsrael communiq~ê issued at Tel Aviv, whichstated, among other things, tha.t Israel wouldnot hesitate to resort to more 1IOfficlal.RecoT.'(;Is of the SEicw:U;y Council, Fourth Year, Special SupplemÊmt No. 2. 13. The <'Lays to come will perhaps showwhat the real intentions of the Israel aut!lorities are in deciding to have recourse to the Security Council in connexion with this kind of incident. But those who have sorne experience of Israel affairs have not failed to find in the lodging of this complaintsigns indicative of military action similar to thatundertaken agail1.st Nalh'lalin, Qibya and Safa in 1953, Gaza in 1955, the Sinai peninsul". in 1956 and the Lake Tiberias area in 1956 and also in 1962, to mention only thE: most serlous events. AIl these acts of aggression, we would point out, were committed with premeditation and with . the savage aim of claiming the greatest possible number of civilian victims who in most cases were shot down in cold blood by the Israel soldiers. Our thoughts go out to aIl tIiose innocent victims at this time when we are Witnessing this extraordinary commotion, this great storm in a teacup over two farmers who met their death as the result of an incidentwhich is supposed to have occurred in the demilitarized zone between 8yria and Israel. 14. Yet one fact remains. Israel as aState, whether we like it or not, is the outcome of a typically colonialist aggression-although the circumstancesmay be different-an aggression which claimed countless vioîi~'ns and whichreduced the Palestinian people to à state of degradation and poverty beyonddescription, after they had been driven from the land which had belonged to them from time immemorial. SmaIl wonder then that the aggressive behaviour of the Israel rulers bears the indelible mark of the congenital sin of their Stàte, and that consequently they are mentally incapable of making peace with their Arab neighbours in accordance with the precepts of 1.5. In view of aIl these factors, ,my delegation can have no doubts whatsoever as regards the exact motives of the Israel authorities in requesting the convening of the Security Council and atthe same time in launching this extraordinary campaign of propaganda and intimidation, u.sing as a pretext. the murder of tW0 Israel farmers, a murder which, as the representative of the Syrian Arab Republic 1310- quently pointed out last Friday, was in no way the result of an attack from Syrian territory. Furthermore, in their report [S/5401, annex III], which gives complete details concerning the inquiry inst:'gated by the United Nations military observe!'s, no material evidence was produced to show that the Syrians .were responsible for the incident. In the preamble we find the following statement: "It should be noted that aIl evidence concerned the alleged ambush and casuaIties resulting from it. If There was therefore no question of proof so far as the murderer or murderers are concerned. Furthermore, it may benoted that the statements .made in Hebrew by the five witnesses were inte:q)reted into English by the senior Israel delegate, which suggests that everything was done to present the facts in· the light most favourable to the contention of the delegate in question. Tt must also be pointed out that, according to the sarne report [ibid., sect. VI], this delegate "even with the offer of a signed. receipt would not hand over to the investigating UNMOs any of the physical evidence found in the area of the tractor, except four fired cartl'idge cases which are enclosed and for· which no receipt was required". Thus it seems obvj.ous that the physical evidence which Israel wishes to use against 8yria is of an inadequacy which is acutely felt. 16. Furthermore, my delegation considers that it should be borne inmind that the Syrian Prime Minister, referring to the shooting incident. on 19 August in the Almagor area, "twice ••• assured the Chief of Staff that Syrians had not killed. soldiers anywhere and that they.had had nothing to do with the shooting of these two soldiers" [S/5.401" para. 13]. 17. The information in the report leads us to believe that Isràel's complaint appears to be based on mere presumption so as to accuse Syria. Now, in legal language it is generally said that in cases of doubt presumption is in favour of the accused, which prompts us tosay that this complaint appears to have been made :il. .Iittle too hastily. The death of. two people is. adrnittedly deplorable in itself. Butwhen it comes to making capital out of it for the purpose of creating complications for a neighbouring State, there is a limit beyond which one should not go, especially where it. involves requesting an. emergency meeting of the Security Council. Howeyer ingenious their tactics maybe, the Israel l'Iflers will have a hard job to hide the true aims which they are now attempting to achieve. As far as my delegation is conc~rned, the 18. Nor must we pass over in silence another aspect of Israel policy. To fur-''1er its cause, Israel-which is an artificial State, it must, also he rememberedseems to be fond of periodically, conjuring up the spectre of ifs annihilation by the Arab States. It seems that the method pays off. It seems to have the great advantage of creating a spirit of emulation among that mass ofcontributors under the control of Zionist organizations throughout the world, more particularly in Éurope and North America, whose support, especially their financial support, is vital to the continued existence of the State as weIl as to the modernization and expansion of its armed forces. 19. IJ;lcidentàlly, the size of those armed forces pet head of pQpulation i8 g:reater than that of any other State and of any other army in the world. So the complex 'and virtually insolubleproblems facing Is.rael at the present time, both at home and abroad, 'which are furtherIIlore inherent in the very nature of its existence, prompt us tc'tell Ml'. Comay that he is not in the best position to speak about Inter-Arab problems and ta describe them so gratuitously and mistakenly as he saw fit to do in his recent statement. 20. My delegation has closely examinedthe statement made toi;he Security Council at the last meeting by the representative of the Syrian Arab Republic, Ml'. Salah El Dine Tarazi. The conclusions with which he ended his brilliant exposition deserve serious examination. Israel, which invokes the provisions of article III of the General Armistice Agreement in support of itscomplaint, has since 1951 refused to participate in the work of the Mixed Armistice Commission appointed ,to supervise the truce and the implementation of aIl the provisions of the Agreement and, as the Syrian representative pointed out with remarkable logic, one cannat in~: 3t that some of these provisions should be cal~:ded out while disregarding others., 21.' In this cormexion my delegation intends to request, if necessary, sorne, clarificationsfromthe appropriate United Nations body concerning the strict and full implementation of aIl the provisions of the Agreement, for it seems that there again the Israel authorities are committing' fUl'ther violations as far as the status of the demilitarized and defensive zones is concerned. 2,2. My country'fliIly synipathizes with Syria in this t;natter, and we consider that the fateof the General Armistice Agreement depends largely on the respect which Israel in future shows for ifs obligations as a Contracting Pllrty.. 24. The tragic experience of the past years has taught Israel's neighbours that they must be continually on their guard. particularly whenever there is the customary alternation of apparently pacifist statements and the deployment of impassioned forces ready to attack to fulfil the dream of the Zionists. 25. The resolution of 9 April 1962. y in which the Security Council condemned Israel in unequivocal terms following the aggression of 16 March 1962. is still too recent to make the Syrians forget the danger which threatens their securitywhenever Israel offensive forces take up positions in the demilitarized or defensive zones. For that reason Syria has once more lodged a complaint with the Security Council. 26. The Moroccan delegation attaches great importance to this debate. for the issue is a serious one. The Couneil. in its wisdom and because of its deep sense of responsibility in connexionwiththis dramatic aspect of :the Palestine question. will not fail to take the stand that the situation demands. 27. We· are witnessing an attempt solely designed to force the Council to take a decision which could be used to further the cause of Israel and to further its anti-Arab propaganda at the international level. We wholeheartedly trust that this attempt will be doomed tofailure. for it would neither serve peace nor justice in that region of the world where extremely dangerous tension now exists at a chronic stage. 28. It is also my dutY to stress on this occasion that the contractual and other bonds linking my country to the states in that area are so strong that any direct threat to the security of one of them will inevitably produce profound repercussions on us. withfar-reaching consequences. 29. The Arab States need peace as muchas any other country. if not more so. They have to solve grave problems associated with their economic and social under-development. They must del70te themsélves to a number of national problems which are all the more urgent because they involve the liquidation of the aftermath of colonialism and imperialism still existing in various forms. At the same time they have joined with their brothers of Africa and Asia in a common struggle to liberate other peoples. which so far have had to live under foreign domination or under the hateful laws of apartheid. 30. The finding of proper solutions to theirproblems is admittedly no easy task. However. this process is not' as sinister as Mr. Comay would appear to imagine when he speaks of some "armies on the march. of air forces bombing mountain villages. and of lethal modern weapons piling up". 32. Mr.STEVENSON (United states of America): The first order of business for us today is to consider Israel's complaint regarding the wanton murder of two of its citizens. The picture of two innocent farmers murdered in cold blood bya raidingparty which struck them down at work in their own fields must distress us aU. We can sympathize with the sense of outrage felt by the people of Israel. especiaUy since this slaughter foUows so close upon the Syrian abduction of three Israel subjects. including two younggirls. who were boating on Lake Tiberias. The United States deeply deplores these incidents. 33. The evidence cited in the report of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization is admittedly circumstantial. but its implications are clear enough. The testimony of the survïvor of the attack who saw the uniformed men shooting down his companions. the tracks which the United Nations offibials found leading to the scene of the crime and continuing in the direction of Syria. thé spent buHets. the cartridge cases. the grenade fragments found in the vicinity o'f the attack. and tt:3 departure afterwards in the same direl~tion aU add up to a clear pioture which permits objective observers to draw the same conclusions about the origin of the attaok. 34. Also. we have before us a Syrian countercomplaint about inoidents on 20 August 19.63. which the United Nations investigation has not corroborated, 35. As the Seourity Council is weIl aware. these incidents are the late$t in the long history of unrest and of bloodshed on th€'Jse frontiers. Difficulties on thé Syrian-Israel frontiers have broken out periodically. ever since the signing of the General Armistice Agreement baok in 1948. Indeed. this Council has devoted nearly 200 meetings-one-fifth of aH its meetings-to this one subject. 36. The nature of the aHeged violations of the Agreement varies somewhat from time to time, but the fundamental cause of the difficulties remains always the same. It springs from the failure of the two parties to live in peaceful-if armed-truce in accordance with the Armistice Agreement. This failure is at the cost, now as in the past, of human lives lost and continuing threats to the peace. 37. Although we find ourselves back in session again on the same general issue. l should like to emphasize that the United States delegation does not consider either past or present efforts of this Council to be vain. Above aH, we wish to state that we consider any other remedy for these difficulties than resort to the United Nattons to be dangerous to peace and intolerable to the international community. 39. Now that the Council has been summoned to act, it must accept its respon8ibilities and act with courage and wisdom in the light of the best evidence available to it. For us, the course which this body should follow is clear. In all justice and in the interests of law and order in international affairs, we believe this reprehensible act of murder on 20 August deserves the strongest condemnation. Only then can it be made clear that outrages of this kind cannot pass without the stern disapproval of the international community. 40. In our consideration of this case, we are fortunate to have before us thl;l report submitted by the Chief of Staff of the United Nations Truce SUpervision Organization. l think we aIl owe a debt of gratitude to the new chiéf of staff of UNTSO, Lieutenant-General Odd Bull, and to other United Nations officiaIs, for the excellent work they are doing in this area. General Bull's skill and tact in obtaining the agreement of both parties to observe a cease fire and to permit visits by the United Nations Truce SUpervisionOrganization to both the demilitarized zone and the defensive areas are highly commendable. 41. This brings me to what we regard as the heart of the troubles which have erupted so often on the Israel-Syria frontier. It is evident that, largely as a result of the conflicting interests of the two parties and the varying interpretations which they have chosen ta place upon the meaning of the General Armistice Agreement, the United Nations peace-keeping machinery is unable to function as effectively as was originally intended and expected. This problem came to the attention of the Security Council during its meetings on this subject in April 1962, and you will recall that the resolution of 9 April 1962 endorsed the measures recommended by the then Chief of staff for.the strengthening of the Truce SupervisionOrganizationin its tasks of maintaining and restoring the peace and detecting and deterring future incidents, and called upon the Israel and Syrian authorities' to assist the Chief of staff and -his colleagues in theïr early implementation. Unfortunately no notable progress resulted from that section of the resolution. 42. We now have before us some recommendations which General Bull has in mind for the strengthening of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization machinery. These recommendations have been proposed by General Bull in the light of his three months of study of this problem. We believe the proposaIs are wise ones and have been advanced in full appre- 43. We believe that details of the planfol'"strengthening the United Nations Truce ObservationOrganization should be worked out by the Chief of Staff in consultation with the Governments of Israel and Syria. What is vital.is the full and willing co-operation, without reservation, of the two sides with the Chief of Staff in what he is trying to accomplish. He will be able to strengthen UNTSO only if the two sides are willing to co-operate with him in his efforts. Ultimately, the Observation Organization can only be as useful as thetwo sideswant it to be. 44. Our beliefis that the UnitedNations peace-keeping organization, strengthened by such measures a,s the Chief of Staff proposes, could prevent many of the kinds of incidents which both sides in this controversy are complaing about to the Security Counci!today. And if these incidents can be avoided, surely the t-,nsion which has gripped the frontiers of Syria and Israel can be relaxed and the danger of raids and retaliation significantly reduced. T.his would be in the interests of both Israel and Syria and in the interests of peace in the Near East. 1q 45. We do not believe that anybody can lightly refuse ta extend his full co-operation. The peace and wellbeing of the people of the area depend too much upon it. The judgement of the United Nations and the world community is based upon it. In the interests of aIl, we should like to bespeak thp.t co-operation vital to the success of our efforts here today in behalf of international peace.

l have just been advised that the next speaker inscribed on the list will not be ready to make his statement before this afternoon, and also that the order of speakers as they have been put down on the list is of importance to succeeding speakers on the lista Consequently, l have no more speakers for this morning's meeting. 47. With the concurrence of the members, the next meeting of the Counci! will take place at 3 o'clock this afternoon, at which time. the representatives of the two parties concerned, Israel and Syria will make statements. Two members of the Councilhave indicated that they are ready to speak this afternoon. The meeting rose at 12.15 p.m. CAMEROON/CAMEROUN: LIBRAIRIE DU PEUPLE AFRICAIN La Gèrante. B. P.lI91. Yaoundè. DIFFU~ION INTERNATIONALE CAMEROUNAISE DU LlVRE ET DE. LA PRESSE. Sangmelima. CONGO (Léopold'lIIe): INSTITUT POLITIQUE CONGOLAIS, B. P. 2307. Lêopoldville. ETHIOPIA/ÉTHIDPIE: INTERNATIONAL PRESS AGENCY. P. O. Box 120. Addis Ababa. 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