S/PV.1065 Security Council

The Council will now continue its consideration of the matter before it. The first speaker inscribed on my list is the representative of Mali, whom 1 now recognize.

I.should like to thank the President and the members of the Council for having authorized me to participate in' this debate on the important question of Southern Rhodesia. 1 should also liketo explainthatl am speaking not ooly in my capacity as representative of the Republicof Mali, but as an African representative delegated by the thirty-two delegations representing African States Members of the United Nations, to draw the Council's attention ta a dangeroussituation ~hich constitutes a threat to peacEl and security on our continent. 4. In addition to the two African members of the Council, 'represented by Mr. Quaison-Sackey and Mr. Benhima, the African delegations haveappointed thrEle other representatives, namely, the representatives of the United Arab Republic, Tanganyika and myself, to participate in these debates, not ooly to demonstrate their soliqarity with their brothers in Southern Rhodesia, but also to express unequivocally the firm determination of aU the AfricanStatesto strivehenceforth unremittinglyfor the complete liberation of the rest'of the continent and to prevent the repetition of certain a.nachronistic· situations constituting real threats to international peace and security-I am referring to the situation in South Africa. 5. The.object of the African States in bringing this appeal before the Security Council is to ask the CoUlicil to takepreventive steps to avoid further outbreaksof violence which might cause casualties amongmen who have no other ambitiOn than to live in peace in the land of their forebears and in respect for their human dignity. For centuries our continent has been ravished by more technically developed nations, and our peoples have been subjected to all ~ds of suffe:ring and humiliation, either the abominable slàve-trade or intolGrable domination byforeign Pawérs. 6. In our own timEl, despité the existence of the U~te4:Nation~ Chart~r, Article 1 of whichaffirmsthe pr~cipleoft4eequalrights and self-determination afpeoples, the .GavernmentsoffounderMembers ofthe Organization are.'keelOing Afric~ territoriesunder their liominationby fQrce and thereby creating situa,.. tions which constitute real threats to international peace ~d ~ecurit~. . 7. '. Tbe ,prol.>lemof 80uthern Rhodesia, as it comes bElfore ·ijle'Council today, is. olle of those situations w.bi(}b.are of deep C()llcern to aU responsibleAfr:icans. 8. Ins in that light that, awareoftheir responsi1>i1ity in. t!lefieldof maintaining peace and security in the world, the .• Heads of StateandGovernment (lf t!leIIl.- dependent AfricanStatés,meeting in Addis Ababa in lfThe Summit Conference of Independent Mrican States ••• "Invites, further, the colonialpowers,particularly the United Ki.r,(\ 'omwithregardta SouthernRhodesia, not ta transfeJ.' the powers and attributes of sovereignty to foreign minority governments imposedon African peoples by the use of force and under cover of racial legislation; and the transfer of power to settler minorities would amount to a violation ofthe provision of United Nations Resolution 1514 (XV) on Independence. "Reaffirms its support of African nationalists of Southern Rhodesia and solemnly declares that if power in Southern Rhodesia were to be usurped by a racial whit~ minority government, State Members of the Conference would lend thei!' effective moral and practical support to any legitimate\ measures which the African nationalist leaders may devise for the purpose of recovering such power and restoring it to the African majority: the Conf,erence also L'i,,'ldertakes henceforth to concert the ~~fforts of its Members to take such measuresas the situation demands against anyState according recognition to the minority government." 10. What brings us today beiore theSecurityCouncil, the organ upon which the Charter has conferred the supreme responsibility for maintaining inte:rnational peace and security, is the fact thatdespite :individual and collective warnings from the Heads of African States, despite the relevant resolutions adopted by a majority of the General Assembly and despite the urgent representations of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation, of the Declaration on the Grantingof Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, the United Kingdom Government is proposing to transfer to the settler Government of Southern Rhodesia almost aU the attributes of sovereignty. 10. Conseil a paix les d'Etat de d'éntre du qui troi niaux, transférer du. 11. In fa6t, as is indicatedin documentS/5382, now before the Council, the British Government has taken the necessary legislative measures to transfer at any time to the Government of the white minority in Southern Rhodesia e:Xtended' powers including, inter alia, foreign affairs and defence. Hy making such. a transfer, the British Government would thereby be handing over t.:> the present Government in Southern Rhodesia an army consisting entirely of white men and eqUipped with an air force including fighter aireraft and bombers capable of carrying Îluclear weapons. 11.. S/5382, britannique saires ment des les à céderait du et de transporter 12. donné et a. présentent 12 The representative Qf Ghana, who spc>kebefore me, gave very important detàilS on that armyand that air force. 1 thi:nk that bis statement has convinped the members of the Council of the dangers repre- Bented,.by suchforces in the hands ofa foreign minority Governmentdetermined tomaintain its domination and, moreover, to l'ractise a policyof racial discrimination. vernementd'uneminoritéêtrang~re sa de 14. 1 am sure that the President will me tb explain our cbncern and our attitude by recalling a few' passages from' the statementmade in September 1962 by the RhOdesian Front Party~ the party of Mr. Winston Field, the present leader of the Southern Rhodesian Government. This party defitted its Government' 13 programme as follows: "In view, of the fact that the peoples, of Southern RhOdesia differfrom each other in a great many respects, the structure and principles of racial (ij,scrimnation, as established bythe Land Apportiolll-nent Act, must be ret':',ined with regard to owneJ."ship, use andenjoymenc of land. Urban residential areas and rural agricultural areas are specüicallyreserved tocertain categories of the population, although certain, industrial and commercial zones and, in exceptional eircumstances, certainresidential areas may be used without regard to race. "In the field of education, no effort at iIitegration willbe tolerated. Legislation will be introduced to enable the local Government to issuedecrees applyingdiscrilllination in the public sector." In a prévious' statement, Mr. Winston Field had also said that theprimary object oihis independent Governmentwouldbe to conclude a treaty ofdefence with the GOvernmeIit of South Africa. 15. , Tt·accO:rdingly seems, clear that the policy of the whitel~inbrity,Government of the AfricaIi, territory of$oùtlierIi Rhodesia is pur~ly and simply to practise aParth~id,wmch the whole ofmanldlldis now deploring ID South Africa. 16. The Council 113 aware tlul.t the power now held by ,tlie2~5,000, settlers in Southern Rhodesia tothedetriment of the 3,600,000 Afric~s is a usurped power. It alsoknows,from e~rience,that these settlers are prepared to commit aIl kinds of violent acts Josafeguard their pri~ileges and to keep the land which tliey have' stolen froIll the indigenous people. But what the CoUllcil"knows aboveall, because Its members, by signing the Charteroi the United Nations" and by adopting resolution 1514 (XV), ,acknowledged the legitimacyofthéprinciple,is tllat the Africanpeople of 'Southern 'Rhodesia are entitleçl to independence. 17. ,In ,~tsreport on Southern Rhodesia1/ the Special C:0iIunitteë,,:j:'esponsible for, the implementationof resolution 1514(XY) drew the Council' s attention to the deterioration of the. explosive situation,in the Non- Self-Governmg ,Territory of, SouthernRhodesia as a ',' result of,the persistent refusaI of the United Kingdom . to apply General Assembly resolutions 1747 (XVI), 1755 (XVU)and 1760 (XVII). l.IFortl1etext ofthis document see.Official Re,cords of the Generai Âssembly:.Eighteenth Session, Annexes. a~dendumt()agendajtem 23, (A/,S-446/Rev.l) cliapter'ln. Transmitted tO the Secui-ity Council Dy letter from the Chairman of the Special Committee (5/5378).' ' . sation . du ·19. We are asking the Council to invite the United Kingdom to refrain from transferring to the present Southern Rhodesian Government any powers which may cause disputes between this Government. and neighbouring States or create situations likely to disturb peace in our· continent. Weare 'asking the United Kingdom not to place any weapons in the criminal-hands raised against the Africanpeople ofSouthern Rhodesia who, like aIl otherpeople. are yearning for independence. We are asking the SecurityCouncil,to take preventive measures in the interests of international peace and security. 20. In July 1963 the Security Council niet to examine South Africa' s apartheid policiesaild has condetnned them. The fact remains. however, that 12 million Bantu continue .to be subjected to themost brutal repressionand the n:lost inhuman humiliations by Mr. Verwoerd' s racialist Govern~ent. The South African . Gov.ernment continues to defy mankind.and to scorn United ~ations decisions. 21. Today we are exposed to the overOOaring 00- haviourof the South African Governmentwhich scorns the sacred principles underlying the United Nations. namelyrespect for human dignity and racial equality. If an orgau as widely representative as ourown had existed in 1910 and had beenabletoprevent the UnHed Kingdom from handing over its· colonies of the Cape. Natal. Orange Free State and Transvaal tothe White settlers in South Africa. the present deplorable situation could have been avoided. Unfortun'l.tely, no such developments occul.'ed and,· as a resul".,. for a long . time to come, the United Nation"s IIlayhav..' to.deal with the tragic fateof the 12 million Africanslivingunder the tyranny ofthe White minority intheUnion ofSouth Africa. 22. Instead of mending its ways,. th~ UnitedKingdom, which is responsible for thistragic errbr, is trying once again tél elude international vigililOce and betray international· good faith b:y repeating inSouthern Rhode\3ia the process whichled tothe creation orthe .Union of South Africa. The history ofcolonialism is a succession of irnmora:l and Violent acts. Certain Governments, whose. pêoples·hitve never experienced foréign domip.ation or who ~hrew it off severaicenfuries ago, do not alway's make the necessary effort to understand the indignant reactioIis of the African ,peoples towards the colonial régime. 24. Does the United Kingdom also wish toforgêt that, as a Member of the United Nations, it hasentered into a. further commitI'1lent. towards the international conuhunity by Virtue of Article 73 bf the Charter? rhis Article states: [Thes~akerread Article 73 of the Charter.] 25.'1'he motives of the United Kingdom are certainly strange and incomprehensible.. These strangemotives impel that country, a permanent member of the Security COuDcil, to Violate commitments toward the African people of Southern Rhodesia which itassumed when it imposed its protectorate upon them. These strange motives also impel the United Kingdom, a fOW1der .Member of the United Nations, to Violate the proVisions pf Article 73 of the Charter. Bycontrast, thesestrange motives do not permit it to amend an agreement entered into with the White settlers. 26. It would certainly take too much of the Council's tiIne if, driven by resentI'1lent. 1 were to describe the glaringcontradictions characteristic of colonial Powers. l' shall, however, crave the Council's indulgence .and m8.ke a slight digression in connexion with this alleged agreement which the United Kingdom is constantly invoking to justüy its refusaI to implement General Assembly resolutions, and the1Jalidityofwhich it plames us for failing to recognize. Supposing in W orld War il the United Kingdom had been deprived of the collective support of the forces· of aU countries imbued with justice and freedom, includingtheAfrican forces which fought against Hitler' s armies on every front, andsupposing the Nazis had invadedBritainand had held a refèrendum among their own soldiers for the purpose of changing the status of the United Kingdom. without the participation of the British sûbjects, Mw would the British havereacted to the validity of such legislation? This is clearly something înconceivable for the United Kingdom representative. Yet this IS preciselythe manner in which the British have behaved in Southern Rhodesia. In 1922 they organized a referendum among the White settlers in Southern Rhodesiaon the basis of which the United Kingdom Government granted so-called self-government powers tothe territory's aU-white LegislativeAssembly. 1 do not. lmow how the jurists and politicians of aState likethe.United Kingdomwithits great traditions could have imagained that an act, to. which the only parties were British subjects from the metropolitan territory, could be' binding on Africans who were not consulted at any time. The·colonialpowers indeed hold PeCuliar Views of their own concerning human justice. 28. document "8/5382 ce thodes Rhodésie aux dispositions lution, considérons pas de les que au venir des 28. What the thirty-two African countries which are signatories to document S/5382 are expecting of the Security Council is not a: symbolic condemnation of the methods used by United Kingdom colonialism in Southern Rhodesia. What we are asking is withîn the compftence of the Security Council and complies with the p7.'ovisions of the Charter a,nd ofGeneral Assembly resolution 1514 (XV). We think. that the Security Council .is called upon not merely to intervene after a breach of the peace has occurred but that its main task is to prevent breaches of the peace. In Korea, the Middle East, the Congo or the Yemen, the Security Council, much to our regret, èlJuld. only intervene when it was often too late. The United Nations has had to paya heavy price for such delay. 29. On this occasion,too, the UnitedKingdom j ~ trying to prevent the Security Council from taktIlg action to safeguard peace. This morning the United Kingdom representative tried to persuade us thatt..lle situation in Southern Klodesia does not constitute a threat to peace. How can it be asserted that there is no threat to peace in a colonial territory where an alien minority bas seized power with the complicity of the metropolitan territory which is reluctant to' shoulder its responsibilities and to satisfythe legitimate aspira-. tions of the indigenous inhabitants? Every colonial situation, aIl domination of one people by another, constitutes a threat tp peace, for the subjugatedpeople, yearning for freedom, is compelled, if need be, :0 take up arms. 29 cher pour Royaume-Uni croire tuait affirmer te:r:'ritoire emp.t'.rée qui satisfaction tions mination nace libérer, armes. 30. cela par si l'aviation En elle et politique 30. That the situation in Southem Rhodesia is explosive has been recognized both by the General Assembly and by the Special Committeeon the situatiOn with regard to the implementation ofthe Declara-' tion on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples. The situation will deteriorate even further if the. UIiited Kingdom hands over the armed forces and 14e air fci.i:'Ce to Mr. Field's gove;I'nment. Because of this government's avowed policies, tIlis would constitute a serious threat to the peace and security of the Afri,can States which oppose apartheid. 31. représentant membres l'espoir à ordre S'il sie Nations .teIlt sQrs senhnt actuellement .en Afrique de en cains, 31. We are convinced that the arl~ents advanced by the United Kingdom representative have not swayed the members of the Security Council.We are therefore hopeful that the wisdom which impelled the Council to place the question of Southern Rhodesia on its agenda will also guide it in its deciSion. Otherwise, tomorrow, the Southern Rhodesian settlers will be confrontingthe United Nations with the very problems with which we are faced today in South Africa. We are sure that aIl of you, including the United Kingdom representative, deplore the present situation in South Africa and that you will refuse to countenance the birth of a second racialist State iIi Africa. We, the African States, for our part, affirm that we are resolutely determined to struggle with every ounce ofour strengthto prevent the establishment of a new racialist State in our 33. Now that we have clarified our pOsition on the question b~fore you, we are askingyou to invite the United Kingdom not to transfer any new powers to the 'alien1'Ilinority government in Southeril Rhodesia. We are also asking that the United Kingdom Governmentshould be inVited to act on General Assembly resolutions 1747 (XVI), 1755 (XVII) and 17t~O (XVII). These matters are not open toquestion. We are confidént .that the Security Council, in Us wisdom, will take them into aCfJOilllt. The maintenance of international peace and security is at stake. 34; Ml'. RIAD (United Arab Republic): l would lUte to express at the outset my delegation' s gratitude to you, MI'. President, and to the members of the Security Counèil for allowing me to participateinthe d~libera­ tions of the Council on the grave situatiOn in Southern Rhodesia. Asyouareaware, MI'. President, mydelegation,and the delegations of Mali and Tanganyika,were given the honour by our fellow membersinthe African group to participate in presenting this question to L'le Security Council.' 35. ··After'listening .to.the represen~a:iiveof Ghan/l at the'last meeting and to the representative of Mali outlin~gthe reasonsforwhich the thirty-two African cOuntriesdeeIIled it indispensableto br~gthequestion of.Soq.thernRhodel;iato the SecuritY'Council, l shaH Eln,qeavoUr not.t9.Oeal at lengthon the various aspects of the question." , 36... Tpe Councildecideo .in its wisdom toconsider the. situation. ÎIl s.outhern Hhodesia,' as· requested .by thethi:r;ty-two.African Members of the UnitedNations. 'i'hj.s oecision Was mos,t appropriate, forthe next few months will becrucial with regard to thewho1e future of'Southern Rhodesiaand will certainly affect the African people as awhole.. In· the face af the growing 37. de du ce l'octroi coloniaux. plusieurs 1747 britannique non des semblée c'est-à-dire 37. The question of Southern Rhodesiahasbeenunder constant consideration by the GeneralAssembly andby the special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Ind!3pendence to Colonial Coüntries and Peoples. The Assembly adopted several resolutionswithregard to this question, notably resolution 1747 (XVI) of 28 June 1962, whicn affirmed that the British colony of Si)uthern Rhodesia was a Non-Self-Governing Territory within the meaning ofChapterXI ofthe Charter. In the same resolution, the General Assembly requested theAdministeringAuthority, namel;ythe United Kingdom Government, . "to undertake urgently the convening of a constitutional conference, in which there shouId be fuIl participation of representatives of aIl political parties, for the purpose of formuIating a constitution for Southern Rhodesia, in place of the Constitution of 6 December 1961, on the basis of 'one man, one vote', in conformity with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the Declaratio~ on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples ••••" 38. lution nement des lation crimination, des droit avec encore contenue générale constitutionnelle. 38. Furthermore, General Assembly resolution 1760 (XVII) of 31 October 1962 requested the British Government, among other matters, to take immediate steps to extend to the whole populationofthe colony of South Rhodesia, without discrimination, "the full and unconditional exercise of their basic political rights, in particuIar the right to vote . . .". This last resolution expressed deep regret that the United Kingdom had not yet· taken steps to carry out the request contained inthe earlier resolutionofthe GeneralAssembly to undertake urgently the convening of a constitutional conference. 39. Thus the General Assembly made it incumbent upon the Government of the United Kingdom to take the necessary measures to assist the people of Southern Rhodesia to develop genuine self-government and to attain their politicalaspirations. 39. vernement nêcessaires h . autonome 40. .Unfortunately, however, the United Kingdom neither discharged its responsibilities nor evenpaved the way for finding apeacefuI solution. In fact the British Government resorted to actions which. ultimately resulted in the present deteriorati,ng situation and thus constitute a threat to peace andsecurityin Africa, as l shaU explain later. 40. Uni n'a sclutionpacifique nique à la VOlIS 41.. However, in contrast with the Unitl*i IS:ingd()m's policy, the attit\lde of 'the Africancountrieshas always been of a conciliatory nature. The African countr~es. together with many other Members of the. United Nations, have always resorted to the Unitecl Nations audits. various organs, seekinga Just and equitable solution.. It isalso relevant that the Security Council should .take into account the fact that the peoples of Southern Rhodesia have always appealed to the Urlited N8.tions to help them restore theirfreedom. 41. la ·liante. d'autres s.e différents et compte Sy.d qU,'elle 43. Furthermore. the Goverhment of the United Kingdom. consistent with its policy. has lately embarked upon a potentially dangerous course of action with regard to Southern Rhodesia by proposing to transfer to the authorities in the colony some fortyfour powers. amongst which will be unrestricted control of a powerful army recruited on a racial basis and of an air force, l3imilarly recruited, of extensive size. 44. This new course of action is illegal and constitutes a grave danger to the people of Southern Rhodesia and to the peace in Africa. For it will put into the hands of the racist settlers additional pawers which would enable them to continue their unlawfu1 and inhumâne policies against the Africau majori\)' in Southern Rœ~esia. 45. In the light of this development the Heads of States and Governments of the, Independent African States. di.Iring their meeting at Addis Ababa in May 1963. unanimously adopted aresolution in which they declared that "the forcible imposition by the colonial powers of ~e settlers rule tocontrol the governlllents and administrations ofthe dependentterritories is a.'flagrant violation of,the inalienable rights of the' legitimate inhabitants of the territories concerned",. The Heads of States and Governments further invited the British Government. with regard to Southern Rh()desia, "not to transfer the powers and attributes of sovereignty to foreign minority governments imposed on Africau peoples by theuse offorce and under cover of racial legislation". The Heads of States and GoverIimerits ,also declared that in their view such a transfer would amount to'a violation of the provisions of resolution 1514 (XV) of the General Assembly. 46. Less than four weeks later, on 20 June 1963, the Special Committee adopted a resolution1l on which nineteên of its members voted infavour, and none against. with four abstentions. This resolution. based on the report of the sub-committeetowhichl referred ~earlier, drew the attention of the Security Council to "the deterioration of the explosiVe situation which prevails in the, non-self-governing territory of Southern Rhodesia". ,The resolution deplored'the fact t;;at" the British Government had ignored the resolutions onSouthern Rhodesia, of the General Assembly 8;Ild ~a,d thus' created this.explosive situation in the ço~bIlY' 47. Nêvertheless. orilytwo weeks 2ater, the British Governrnent, turIiing a deaf ear ta. aIl the appaals 11 For thetext of the, resolution, see Official Recllrds of the General Assembly, Eighteenth Sêssion, Amiexes, addendum to agenda item 23, (A/5446/Rev.l) chapter Ill, para. 282. 48. au n'avaient, ser conditio:ns, Rhodésie et conséquent, posent. 48. This ia the chain of events which took place in the past few months and left no alternative for the African countries but to resorttotheSecurityCouncii. 1 submit that in these circumstances the danger to peace and aecurity in Southern Rhodesia, and indeed to Africa, is immediate and grave and merits urg'ent action by the Security Counci1. 49. 'nous rains nature Sud? et ne arrivé lieu de générale tique, majorité s'ensuit Field tout 49. It is indeed ironie that we object to the transfer of sovereign powers to a dependent territory. But what kind of authority is in power in Southern Rhodesia? Does this authority represent the aspirations and interests of the inhabitants of that country? The answer is certainly in the negative. Mr. Winston Field came into power as a result,of the elections which took place on 14 December 1962 wlder the 1961 Constitution, which was repeatedly ruled out by the General Assembly as undemocratic, discriminatory and unacceptable to the overwhelming majority of the population in Southern Rhodesia. It follows that' the so-called Government of Mr. Winston F'ieldhas no legal". basis and consequently any transfer of power ta such a Government is similarly an illegal act. In this connexion, 1 shaU briefly trace the history ~f the present colonial rule in Southern Rhodesia. p~ut de mination 50. In 1889, the British Government granted a Royal Charter to the British South Africa Company to exploit the mineraI and agricultural wealth of what are now Northernand Southern Rhodesia. This company was given full control over theterrîtory. The company organized 'an army which invaded the territories, dispossessed the inhabitants of their IËnd and then, with the help of British regular troops, defeated the forces of the African peoples defending their homelands in the Matabele warsof 1893 and 1894. 50. à pour de et à, compagnie -:itoires, puis, lières Matabele, défendaient 51. In 1923, the British Government conducted a plebiscite among the European settlers with regard to the future of the territory, ignoring the wishesof the Africans as if they were aliens to this land,"annexed" 80uthern Rhodesia to the British Crown and granted td its Legislative Assembly, ,elected on an exclusively settler basis, so"called powers of "seIfgovernment"• 51. nisê nant des gers.- Sud aSisemblée, colons, 52. A series of constitutionalchanges in 1953 and later in 1961, enacted bythe British Parliamentopaid no heed to the interests of the Africaninhabitani;s and 52. 1961 nique 54. This is the worst type of colonialism by which the colonial Power, before its departure, endeavours to create problems of internaI strife which wouldtend to keep the colonial territory divided, and would consume its energies and resources, thus leaving the territory VlÙnerable to new fashions of colonialism. This policy rèsorts to different forms in accordance with the particular circumstances of the case. Creating artificial entities, concluding unequal treaties, and planting minority problems leading to the displacement of entire peoples are the new methods of neocolonialism. 55. Certain parts of our world have suffered from one or more of these policies. TheworldOrganization of today is more aware of these colonialmethods, and consequently the people of Southern Rhodesia should be spared the fate that was inflicted in 1948 upon another people whose case is still on the conscience of this generation. t6. This warning to which 1 have just referred is very justified. The deplorable and explosive situation in Southern Rhodesia is continuously aggravated by the conduct of the European settler Administration of the Càlony through the acts enumerated in paragraph 14' of the explanatory memorandum submitted by Ghana. (see 8/5382.) 57. Moreover, the present authorities in Southern Rhodesia have intensified their policy by enactinga series of repressive laws and restrictive measures. Meanwhile, every avenue for. constitutional redress has been clQse<!. Almost every type of legitimate political activity by Africans has been prohibited, and there is no political method by which the inhabitants cau make their deIllands· known.short of il1e~'t3.lity and violence.' . 58. With this situation prevailing in Southern Rhodesia, the United Kingd01ll Government is proceeding with its plan to place the hugearmedforces described. by the repr~selltativeof Ghana under the command of the •'settlerGovernment of Southern Rhodesia. This st~pshould be considered by the Seçurity Council in thelight of the United &ingdom's declared policy that ithas no control 9ver the authorities in Southern lthodeslà..• The United Kingdom.policy in fact tends to flice. bo~h the African people of Southern Rhodesia and the' Uniteci Nations with a pÔtEmtially dangerous fait accompli. The Security Council, therefore, should be aware and 13pecific in relation to the responSibility of the United Kingdom with regard to this situation. 60. constitue trophe Betchouanaland pas cain. des coloniale. conséquent, la ·'.a une 60. Another factor lies in the strategic location of Southern Rhodesia. It borders on Mozambique, South Africa, Bechuanaland and Northern Rhodesia. It is not far from Angola and South West Africa. In fact, it is right in the centre of the vast lands which are still under colonial domination. Thecolonialistforces, therefore, fear that the loss of political control of Southerp Rhodesia might lead to the eventual loss of the economic and political control of a large part of Africa. 61. colonialiste règne résumer forrilUles 61. Having dwelt at some length on the colonial policywhich has led tothepresentdeplorablesituation in Southern Rhodesia, 1 would like to sum up my submission as follows: The British Government has occupied the territory of SO'.lthern Rhodesia, exploited its human and nat'.;.,~ai resources, and given away its land to a minority of foreigners; The United Kingdom has enacted legislation and imposed constitutional formulas designed to enable these foreign minorities to be the supreme authority in tl>.e land; The United Kingdom, under this legislation and constitutional formulas, has in effectapplied a racial poliey which has deprived the original population of its fundamental human rights and its natural resources; The United Kingdom has persistently refused to live up to its responsibilities with regard to this situation as an Administering Power in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations; Le ritoire à oà l'exercice The proposed action by the Governm.ent of the United Kingdom to transfer sovereign powers, in particular the armed andair forces inthe territory, to the authorities in Southern Rhodesia would aggravate the situation, and threaten international peace and security; The United Kingdom remains responsible and accountable before the United Nations until the people of Southern Rhodesia fully attain theiJ: rights. 62. In this connexion, 1wish to draw the attention of the Security Council to the declaration by the Heads 62. membres

1 have no more speakers onmy list. If I hear no objection, the meeting is adjourned until 10.30 tomorrow morning. The meeting rose at 4.55 p.m.