S/PV.1066 Security Council

Permit me 'first of all. Mr. President, to convey to you and to the othermembers of the Security Council the deep gratitude of';my Government fer your having agreed tothe request of the delegation of Tanganyika to participate in the deliberations on Southern Rhodesia. 100. The African delegations in the United Nations have conferred great honour upon, and placed great confidence in, my delegation, together with those of the United: Arab RepubUc, Mali and Uganda, since it is on. behalf ' of all the African delegations that we appear before this high organ of the United Nations. We are here charged with the heavy responsibility ()f, drawing the attention of the Security Council to the serious thr6at to peace and security in Africa and the world at largearisingfrom developments intheBritish colony of Southern.Rhodesia. 101. 1 wish to emphasize and make it clear, from the very beginning of my statement. thatthe threat to peace which emanates from Southern Rhodesia is not somethingwhich has just, arisen overnight. Instead, members ()f the Security Council must b,e awareof the fact that. the danger in Soutqern J'tllodesia is a directresultoftheoccupation. dominatipnand segmen- ,tationof that countrybytheBritishandlpther European sêttlers.with the support and approvaJ[.of theGovernment of the United'I(ingd()m. The Afriê;mpeoples.who constitute the overwhelmingmajorftyofthepopUlation, werereduced to the humiliation ofbeing' wards. serv~ts liIldstrangers withQut basic human rights in theirown country. 10~. 8Ql.lthern •.R,hodesia .for'the lasteighty years.has been. ,and ';,tilI remains•. a victim or~ritishi:rnperial,... ism at its worst. established by the'use"of thebrute fQrce and treacherysymboli:z;ed'bycecil Rhodes ànd his successQr,;. whoform thep1t<lsent minQi'ityEuro- 'pean, >settlet ' Government oLSouthern Rhodesia., Aîl throughth~years,theunitedKingdomGovei'nmenthas steadilyandcontinuously equipped, •the ' .European settlers with power tQ impQseracial discriID.ÏJ1ation. eçQn()JIlÏè .eX1>laitation .and politicaloppressionontlie ,African.I!1!lj()rity.• TI1~sadhistory ofthe usewhicb the Europe8Jlsettlers~vemade,of tbetl'eInendo1,1s.power .so .generouslyconfer~eduponthem by, the United ,-'~irigdomhasbeeD. WeIl· knQwn tousdurirJg·àllthis ,.,.·tilne.Ar!yone WbO undertakesa se:riQuS studyof the ,situation,in80uthern,RhodesiacannOffail:torecognize ,the sa.d fàct that 8Ql1thern Rhodesiahasbeelland'sUU 103. The net result of this unrestrained exercise of power over the years by the minority of European settlers has been that Southern Rhodesia i8 modelle!! on lines similar to those of the apartheid Republic of South Africa. Evidence of this similarity in practice between Southern Rhodesia and South Africa hasbeen pointed out time and time agam by many observers, including Europeans of goodwill such' as Ml'. Guy Clutton-Brock, an Englishman, in his book entitled Dawn in Nyasaland, which is based on his expériènces with the situation in Southern Rhodesià and Central Africa. He has lived there and was detained, together with the African nationalist leaders, during the state of emergency in 1959. For the information of the Council l should like to quote some relevant facts from what he said concerning Southern Rhodesia: 103. voir. européens, selon République employées a lesq~els M. intiMé a '\Técu que d'urgence quelques du "As in the case of South Africa, 90 pel' cept (lf the European population, which holds sùpreme politicalpOwer, has decided in favour of separation or apartheid." Ou Alsô: " . . . Its native policy has evolved overthe course of years, as has been the case in South Africa. It 'continues to evolve through the logic of events towards the permanent establishmep.t of, apartheid." Ou And again: "The saroe pattern which has developed in South Africa is now being woven in Southern nbodesia;the modifications are only in tone." É! ' 104. souVient du Ma, Comité et. nouveau'1lne' 104..This is. a serioussituation indeed whèn one recaUs what was written in The Observer '.of London of.7 July 1963, in. an article entîtled "A ~eral in Africa". My. delegation quoted that article in. the Special Committee of which wehave the· honour of bèing a meIllber, arid with your· permis.sion l shaH . quote part of it.again. Among other things, the l,Vriter said: ' . "South Africa~ like thé Federation~wasinvented bythe British, fOrty yearsearlier, on the sarne Wrong assumption. tlllat African wishes coù1d be ignored." 105•... sit11ati.on incombeessenti.ellement Royaume-Uni ·Rhodésie lia,ns . vOqQéepar Nyassaland accepté the.id' RhOdésie savons. Sud cllaiDés ]f Stoùghton, 105.. ' It îs âbundant1ycle~thatthe greate3t.reSp01l1Si~ bility for the dàngerous situation inSQuther~Rhodesia rests squarely 'onthe slloulders. of the UnitedKingdom Govermnent. The death of the Federation of :Rh9,jesia and Nyasaland, which is the'subject()ftheabove quotatio~,. came about.largely, beQatise thé Af;ri()~n peoples of .Nya,saland.' and Northern. Rlîode,sia.,never âccepted and could not tolerate~ep~.fl1llgs·.of apartheid which had been brought to them Dy the European settlers,especially those of Southèrn Rhodesia.. We know .' toc. that our'.brotliers. of. Southern Rhodesiaand..SouthAfricawill·one day frÈlè' them- Selves fromthese bonds of servitude,·. ~/GWqlutt~n-Brock, DàWnî~&aSâlal1d, b(jndon,H~deI'andStopgh- ,~!1Il' 1959•.pp. 62•.~;andl03. , ,. 107. The most alarming of. these iniquitous transactions between the United Kingdom Government and the minority European settler régime in Southern Rhodesia is the proposed transfer of a huge military arsenal to the racist European settler Government of Southern Rhodesia. Rere again 1 shaH not tire the members of the Council with repeating the details of the power.s and the venomous military and air force contingents to be graciously given by Britain to the racist Government of SouthernRhodesia. The d~tails are contained in the memorandum sent to the Council and in the comprehensive statements made yesterday by the representatives of Ghana, Mali and the United Arab Republic, and today by the representative of Uganda. What 1 wish to stress here most strongly is thatthe arming of these European settlers with such militarypower and deadly weapons poses a dangerous threat to peace in Africa. 108. After aIl, this Council only recentlyrestated its recognition of the·· danger to peace created by the apartheid policy of the Republic of South Africa and the Portuguese colonialists. At the same tün.e it i3 common lcnowledge thg.t very close relationS exist betweenthese racisf régimes in what has come to be termed the "Unholy alliance" between Verwo"erd, Sulazar and Welensky, who was a spokesman of the European settlers in Central Africa during the heyday of the Federation, The imminent death of the Federation power in Southern Rhodesia has meantits usurpation by the even more. fanatical .wing of European settlers led by Mr.Field, who carries the title of Prime Minister. The strengthening of ties between Field and Verwoerd is bOr'l'le out in an article in The Times. of London of 27 August, ·1963, underthe title "Southern Rhod.esia Intensifies BorderWatch--Cooperation with· SoutbAfrica in Measures Against Refugees". With your permission, 1 shaH quote from tbat article: "The. so~thern Rhodesian Governmenthas declin~d to explain Us rellsons for strengthening the watch on the borderwith South Africa by establishmg five new police posts. When .asked forfurther eJq)lanatiol1,the Ministryof Justicemerely referrecithe press back to the police statement annotL'lcing the newposts. 109. It is thus obvious that a:rming the régiml;lof Mr. Field ifS tantaniount to strengthéningthe forces', of Verwoerd's -South Mrica and Salazar's Portugal in Mozambique, both of which this Council has already acknowledged as being threatâ to peace in Mrica. 110. We therefore solemnly appeal to the Council to take action so as to haIt these .back-door tactics perpetrated by some Member States, and which have already ihflicted so much loss to the United Nations and stiffèringtohumanity. ' 109 M~ en ~e menaces li prendre pra~ques ont' .déjà· et 1),.1. du, dissuadera. transférer de ~11. The Tanganyika delegation. hopes that tPe United Kingdom Government will desist from transferriqg these enormous powers. and, attributes of,sovereignty following an .appeal by this high COUJlcil which i8 charged With the·duty of p~eserving the peace. We hope ~at your decision here 'Nill not faU on· Q.~af ears,as has so far been the fate of the universal appeal to Britain urging it j;o take measures to .br~g sanity to the European settIers of SouthemRhod.esia. Thisuniversal appe!i.lis em90died inGeneralAssembly reaolutions 1747 (XVI), 17-55 (XVll)and1760 (XVn) . and alsoin.the work .of the Special Coxpmittee this year. qu~ c.9mme le de.prendre les el!!tcontenu. (XV,II)et mêJ;Ileque.dans une tspécial,cetteanné.e. 112.;·Un ment' 112. Th~ unariimousappeal addressed tothe: UlÛteâ Kingdom, Government by the African Reads of State and Government at the historie conferenciè of Addis Ababa have also so far been ignored,. With'yo~per­ mission I shaH' quote" the relèvant decision of those African Heads of Stateand Government: . "The Summit Conference . . . gouvernerii~ntafricains d'Addis-.Abêtia{ têponse~Si pertinente "Invites further, the colonial power,;. particularly the United Kingdom, with regar~ to Sout;hern RhOdesia, ,not to transferthepowers anqattributesof sovereignty to foreign minority govermp.ents imposed on Mricanpeoples by the use of forca and ·under cover of racial legislation; and the transfer of power to settler mmorities, would amount to a violation of the provision of United Nations resoiution 1514 (XV) on. Independence; ment SUd" attributs .de·la"souverainl;ltê de caines de ,législations à. 'ti,on. de~ .'"Réaffirme de si usurpé blanche, ",'teraient' effectivement ; "Reaffirms itssupport of African nationalists of Southern Rhodesia, and solemnly declares that if powers in Southern Rhodesia were· to'be usurped by a racial white minoritygo\7érnment., State Members of the Conference would lend their effective moral and practical support to any legitimate measures Statea:cco~(ling recognition to the riûnority govern- 'men~~".• ,' . . , li3., At the s.ainetime~ my delegation wouldrequ.èst the,CoùDôn torefiect on the desperate positiori of the African ,mâsseso!· Southern Rhodesia who have long langûishédwidèr' the ~anny,of the European'settlers. The Africans, like, any other' peoples,·who'faced siDùlar oppression>ln theanna.lsDf hist0l'Y,wUlne'\fer Nst, and indeed wiU èonsolidate theÜ" ranks ùDtil theybréakthechrtiIls: Asignfficlûlt wamlng was sounded ,'recently byDr.· Ranger, ·an EnglishInan" ln The TUnes of 'LOndon of 12 March 1963, from 'whioh r quote: ' " "Dr., TerenceRanger,~e 33...year-oldUniversity lecturerexpelledfrom theCentr8lMrican ,Federa- :tioJ1. ·~Il~icl"inLondo~~t·Southem Rhoc:ie.sia ",as moving·rapidly.t~a,violentspowdown1,>etWl:!en the Government and the.,Afl'içan popull;lUon ..,. H~ thought .that the tempel' of the i\frican people was -, noW,:suchthat ît'wo~dfindeXpressiOn \Vhèther' "",as' organized or not:il' " , . ' . ii~:'''The,sec~ity. QÔUDcilhas l;l sel'i~ i~suebefol'e it. Its action May ~IlVethe,AfriCan,pe<>ple9f§louthern Rhodesia. after having lived under opp~ssioJ1 ever s~cethe 'E1u'opeàldlettlêrl'êgime was se~upin tha~ tçrr,ito.l'Y frottifûrttier oppression. Sou~el"JiRhodes19. MUstnotbe:allowedtooecomestillan(jthel' création: by '~e 'Unlted.Ktn:gaom'·of 'a .powerfulracistrê~Die llke' SoothAû"ica, which'woulderideavour tô'Màkê thé r-est'ôf.thè.neighbcurùigt~rritôrie~:itsho~tagë ••by the threatôfmilitary_Power. The v1ctory c;>f1h~movèment for African freedom and indepëndèllce' W111undoûbt- êdIY·reaeh èvèry ()orD:êr·ofAfri()a.~'Thedecision'of the ~eçurity Comîci;làn the qùesti'OnofSouthern Rhodesia can 'help'to~~that Victory" easi~r àIld ,lesl~' painful.' ~.sol~iîm warnlnlitmustbegiv:en.1o,tI10se'who ope~ly bragof makfu~ralàst èlitcJl'stand DY Eu.~pean racfst régimes on the Zambesi or Limpopo;''l'heymust:be wa.t'l)ed by: tlû,s;a~thor;itatiY;~.C~çA thatthei~ drEl~m of.Mrica.under"Europeanracisldoinination iaa Îost Q,~1,tSe•. ~~, 4ltl1-~:êiu~stioJ1~ o~ :p:o~~e,se99~o~e~':anl3. aPl;l~tI;~id.", the whQ.le..0f,Mric~ iE!\clo~elY'fol19Wing YClw:':; p:l!'oQ~edingf:1' here ll.Jld anxiouslyawait~g: y,our action,. 115. Ùl conclusion, ~ay~îbépeÎ':6Ù~ed'tor~peat myself b~iefly for ~e salteofemphasis. Developtpents ih'" Southern"RhOdesià:"have 'l'eaéhed'a :àÜ1ge'iilwhich p'éaêê: in:.A'frica fs'seriously threâ,teriéd;.Weàppèal'to the'CQûncU to" ta.ké 'à,ction .arid ,tourge'thèUnited Kirigd0into':dësfstfroJll tfànsfèrrlngthés~enormC>us inilitai'y fbrcès:ahdàt~riDutes'ofsovereigntytti miriôritY"'lII!'d"Tllcist' European settler ~verhment. ~~' .~: .~,""; --' ',.' '.' -: "0',,,",-, .'. " ;';- . '.-; :';' #E5-''7',0. ~~tinited.,lÇirtgdQ.9i ·",~'~~y~,ja.~ô!Ii' -l?re~iQ~nt ~id<mmanyoç9~~JQ!1~~ti)at @9wel'. and 'Îl.ldepen4èil~~ should he.' graritèd 'to .' SOùthèl'n 'Rhodesla: onlyaftel' a democl"atie ;.oovernment ,has .,been el~cte4 'bY' the ~joritYëof,thejpeople,'Just.as,w,as made:absolutely Certain ,'in,.s.o :n(llDy"Commonwea:lth countr.ies.' such as~Ghana.,.Nigeria. Tanganyika,'l1ganda 'and Kenya. A:c~ge: of,,,prineiple,{n;order, toplaca~e ;powei'- hungry,EJ,U'opean ·settlerslnSouthernRhodesla·will 117. du . dêlêgation~ une aurorIsé: vernements land 'sécuritê"de appelle 'armées 117. 1 Ustened very seriously to the points which were raised by the representa.tive of the United Kingdom. There were somepoints in the statement of the representative of the Un.ited Kingdom which, from my delegation's point of view calI for further clarüication. For example, theUnitedKingdomrepresentative said, among ether things" that he has been authorized to state in this Council that the Govern'" ments of Northern ij,hodesia and Nyasaland do not feel the threat to their territorial'security and peace arising from what the United Kingdom representative stated was "reversio~' of powers" and armed forces to the Southern Rhodesian Government. 118. aisêttlent car la leUr 118. This isaveryseriousstatementwhichcaneasily mislead the members of the Council as itimplies that the Governmentsof Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland have given thatconsent by agreement. 119. My delegation wishesto puttherecordclearthat in Northern Rhodesiathepc;>w~rs;are still inthe hap.ds of the colonial Governor, and it isa fact, well known to the representative orthe Umted.Kingdom, thatthe Nyasaland Government did .. not participate in the Victoria Falls Conference. Itwas.represented onlyby an observer. It. is therefo:çe ·stra,nge, in the OPlnton of my delegation, to hearthat ~~asalandgaveligree';' me!lt for these powerful. forces' to be given to the SO'<1thern Rhodesian Qovèrnmènt. 119.. sie du dureprêsentant .ment de un observateur dire ·transfert de 120. The UnitedJ.{1ngdc;>Il'I.·'representative fUrther' stated that, in hisopmion, the situation in Southern 'Rhodesia does not Pl'!'llllenta, tbrellt to intern!lt~()î:lal. peace andsecurity.· This argumentis not validsi:p:ce' aU relevant factshave been fullystated in the mema-- randum to the· Council· wirlch isthe subject matter under discussion and which, as representatives here assembled have witiiesséd,- the, representative of the United Kingdom has notbeenablê'torefute. Only when these great evilsa.:re eradica.ted 'a,n(j arguments are not put forth.intheir favou,r w'ill'Ye be able ta come close to the ideal of worldpeaceandthe development of a harmonious··commonwealthc;>f nations and" a. healthier United Nations. ,120.' outreque,"selor- .ne, intérnàtionâles. :yu '" moire·.,pl'êsentê s l'~ntçonl?~tê, pas grand,stnauxque ... ne nousr'approcherenfin (j'une. 9~aI1iEla~()~ 121;. ëliâllie',séa.n:ce du 121. 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