S/PV.1068 Security Council

1 shouldUke to address an appeal to members of the Council for co-operatiém in order that we may reach the.end of this debate as soon as possible. AS members are aware. the General Assembly is scheduled to beginits sessionnextweek, and one meeting of the Council must be devoted to, consideration of its draft reportto the Assembly. Accordingly. it ,is most desirable·. that we should finish our discussions today, or tomorrow at the latest. 1 would therefore urge aU delegations intending to take partin this debate ta inscribe their names and make their in,. terventionsat an early stage. 3. The representative of Ghana has asked to speakin order to, introduce the draft resolutioJl submitted by Ghana. Morocco and the Philippines [S/5425/Rev.1]. 4. Mr. QUAISON-SACKEY (Ghana): On behalf of the delegations of Ghana. Morocco', and the Philtppines. 1 have the honolll" to introduce to you a draftresolutioÏl [S/5425/Rev.l]. The draft resolution has four main operative paragraphs. After ithas referredto previous General· Assembly resolutions. andrecognizing that the practice of racial discrimination is incompatible with the principles of the Charter of the UnitedNations and should be côndemnedwherever itoccurs. andreferring to the transfer of powers and attributes of sovereignty. in particular the control and operation of military forces and. arms, to the Government of Southern Rhodesia, it goes on as foUows: nl. Invites the United Kingdom Governmentnot to ~ansfer· to its colony of Southern Rhodesia· as at presentgoverned any powers or attributes of sovereignty until the establishment of a governmentfuUy representative of aU the inhabitants of the colony; n2. Further invites the United Kingdom Government not to transfer to its colony of Southern Rhodesia.,the arxned forces and aircraftas e,nvisaged by th~ Central Africa Coriference.1963; na. Invites the Government of the United K1ngdqm to implemènt, the General Assemblyresolutions on the question ofSouthern Rhodesia. in particular Genel'~l Assemblyresolutions 1747. (XVI) of 28 June 1962 and 1760 (XVll) of 31 October 1962; ., "4/Itequests the General Assembly to continueits examination ,of the questionof SouthernRhodesiawith a view to securing' a just and lasting settlement. n 5. The dtaft resolution iB selÎ:-expla.natQrY.But, in vie", of'the·faét that there has'been i:iomedispute as to themearling of, ntransfer of P9wersn, 1 thought1 wouid take' thisoppOrtunity'of making a few remarkson the points raised by my colleague. the representatlve of the ·United-Kingdom.• iubis,statement to the Council on 1QSeptemiJer 1963:, ' ,nI have usedthe phràse 'reversionofpowers'undêr the Victoria 'Falls Agreement advisedly.althoughthe 6. Let me say that there is no question of preference in the use of "transfer of powers" as has beenused in the Ghanaian memorandum [S/5403 andCorr.l],andin fact as.has been usedbyaIl the African. delegations who have spoken before. the Council. The term which we used is in fact contained in the official report of the Central Africa Conference, and in statements madein the British Parliament by Mr. R. A. Butlerwho is the Minister.responaiblefor Central Africa, if 1 may give only two examples. The secondparagraphofthe report of the Central Africa Conference .speaks ofthe orderly and speedy transfer offederal responsibilities to the territories. 7. Speaking in the House ofCommonsonllJuly 1963, Mr. Butler also made the point: "Another important chapter in the White Paper .refera to the -transferof moneyand taxation functions. "y 8. Therefore, l cannot see why there should he any misunderstanding of the nature of what is involved in the Federation or·Us dissolution. Ofcourse, there will be a reversion of certain subsidiary powers whichthe component territories surrendered at the constitution of the' Federation. 9. T4e~ain burden of' our argument is.that certain powers whi.ch evolve as a resultofthesetting up of the Fede:i;ation:are'being transf~rredté> South~rnRhodesia. 10. My colleague, Sir Patrick pean, also tried to impress' upon the Council that.Southern Rhodesia was not receiving anything mOI'e.in terms ofarmedforces and aircraft than it surrendered in 1953. In facto this argument was also supportedby the representative of the United States. But l think the COuncil mustbe aware of the fac~s~andifnot,IfeeldutY boundto state them. l will refertq the chapter dealing with the defenée'forces in the White paper'issued bythe Federal Government on 26 June 1963. l shaH quote certain passages frQm this document to underlinethefactthat the armed forces and aircl'ait which it i8 proposed to transfer .to Southern Rhodesia were not the same in strength,quantity and capabilityassurrendered 'by SouthernRhodesia in ,1953. IlAt thatstage the regular force consisted of a command, training ànd administrative organization which had, ··aS! regtilar units, an African ba:ttaJion (the Rhodesian Africail Rifles) and a smallintegra.ted air wing, the offensiveaircraft of whichwere a squa~on of Spitfires, supportedby ::;mall miscellany of basic 'tràining. and .transport aircraft.' The man- POWer .of the. air WÎllgwas weIl under 200. Jn a,ddition, ther,e ware two active Territorial ForCe battalions with. supporting arms and services but 1,10 formed reserves." 2:.1 y Parli~mentarY Debates (Hansard), House of Commons,'Official Re- ~ London, H.M. Stationery Office, Fifth Series, vol. 680, Session 1962-63, col. 1432. y Federation of Rhpdesia and Nyasaland, The Break-up::-Effects. and COnsequences on the Two Rhodesias, Government Primer, Salisbury, 1963, C,FED 246, p. 116. pealirig with the Federal air force Which is togo exclusively to.Southern Rhodesian the White Paper continues:' . "Unti11956 the Àir Force was a partof the Army. butin septeInber.of thatyear its groWthàtid potentia.l IM>. anindependent air force in the tradition of the Royal Ail' Force wasrecognized by its creation as a .service in its.own right-the Royal Rhodesian Àir Force. "To meet its roles. the RoyalRhodesianAir Force was built up· into a balanced force. disposing dây fighter/grotmd attack. light b6mber.transport.helicopWr. light<internal securityand training aircrait. and one capable of operations. either in defence of the Federation or in support of the Royal Air Force as requirecl. Whereas.in 1954. the.Air Force had 48 ail"crait. it will shortly haveover 9Ô.,Aircraft now in use .are'Hunter GA~s.Canberras B2 and T4. Vampires :J!':B9and Tll.Dakotas. Canadairs . C4. Pembrokes' Cl; provost T52s. and Alouette IIIs. am.ounting nowto a total of sevenoperationalsquad- 'rons. Opérational contrQlis exercisedthroughHeadquarters. Royal" Rhoçlesian Air Force. and two stations' plus a ilUrnber of tactical headquarters and forward airfields.".Y 11. WhatthisWhite.papersays aboutthefuture of the armed forces on thebreak-up ~ftheFederationmay aiso' bé ofinteresttothe Couneil.1quote again from the same White P~per: "Whatthe Federal Government hasachievedinits defellce forces is not only a balanced i\l'my and Air Force.butabalanced whole. They Were the final cletfJrrent·. ta aserious unrest in this part of Africa; thE:ly were. ready to play their role. as ,,·equii'ed. in CQmmonwealth defence•. In bath cases. the Army and the Ail' Force have demonstrated their willingness.and ability. "The position of the armed forces. as in the case of the other . parts of the Federal' Government ma:chine.is that the future of the whole orthe com" ponent. parts ia. an unknown.If it· is assumed. as seèms. gnly logical•.that each of the. territo~ies will 'requireadefence force. then wha.thasbeen achieved .and built' up' tmder the Fedéral Governmentwill be brokenand the tfu-ee parts cannot have the strength or the qualityofthe whole as.it stands today." 21 y !!!!!!o. p. 118~ !I Ilii<:\., pp. 118andil9. Il Ibid., p.120. .". , ,,':flle physical assets· of the forces will. in general. remain with their presenfunits. although.the value of the assets will fall to be dealt with in the general agreement ••• for the apportionment of Federal assets and liabilities. inclucijng the public debt~" §J . Ml'. Butler contintled-and here 1 invite mycolleagues to listen carefully to what he said regarding the distribution of thearmed forces to the three components of thé Federation: "1 think that this was a satisfactory arrangement. It mè'aris thatthose normally connectedwithNorthern Rhodesia will go back to Northeril Rhodesia;thatthe battalion ,recruited in Nyasaland will goback to NYasaland. aJld that the otherpor~on of the defence forcé· and air force Will accrueto Southern . Rhodesia." 41 13. Surely. what is accruiDg to Southern Rhodesia is the balance struck between the two battalions going to Northern :Rhodësia and Nyasaland and the l'est ofthe Féderal Army and Air Force. And may1ask a question here? If. as we are beingasked to believe. these forcés are "reverting", to where they came fromin1953. why does:,it·become necessary for members of the armed forces"to .declâre in which territory they wièhedto servéïnfuture"? .' 14. 1· have dealt at length with the question of the "traIisfer of powers" to demonstratetliat. contrary to what the representativeof the United Kingdom toldthe COUnciHnhis statemènt[ 106~thmeeting].theGovernment of Ghana has no mistlnderstanding of the nature of th.e Federation and what is involved inits dissolution. My arguments are supportedbyfacts-facts which are incontrovertible. 1 have ll.lsocirculatedanopinion. in fact an evaluation by a firm of experts in London. on the strength of the ~medforces. Sofarthat has not been chll.llenged. and 1 amled to believe that this silence means'that the air force we are spea.king of is really a very powerful one indeed. In fact.Slr Patrick Dean himself said that there are three others which are more ,~werful; but he did not deny that this air force ia, in fact a verypowerful one.· , 15. 'We 4a,ve also beentoldthatSouthernRhodesiaWill maintaitl the air force and army from. ~ts own resources. without any assistance •frOID. outside. and that at the same time the United KingdomGOvernment will retain control overthe deploymentofthese forces. 1'his was not ve;ry ~lear in the statement made by the United Kingdom représentative. He didsay thatcontrol 'for outside use would be under Hel' Majesty's Government. but hedid not say that the use ohhis powerful ariny ih the territory of Southern Rhodesia will be 'subjêct to the control of Her·Majesty's Gov~rnment. Therefore what Mr.Stevenson said [1067thmeeting].1 assume.isan indirect appeal that somecf>ntrol should 13. pui~qu'un·ou du et mis mande pays que disent 14. fert ment déclaré Gouvernement Fêdêration arguments qui l'avis puissance n'a de dont Sir puissantes est 15.. entretiendrait avec extêrieureo conserverait forces. du certes. cerait mées dit . le Gouvernement· 2!PaHiamentaryDebates (Hansard), House of 'commons.OffjcialRe.,. port, .London, HoM. Stationery Office, Fifth Séries, vol. 680, Session ï962-63, col. 1433. ij~ 2lParliamentary Report, session de 1962-1963, li 16. As regards external use, may 1 quote from Keesing's' Contemporai'y Archives of 15 to 22'December 1962 to demonstràte the poiIit that Winston Field has his own plllils and the UnitedKingdomGovernment have theirs.He is quoted,inthatpublicationa~~olfows: "Ml'. Winston Field, leader of the Front"-that is, the Rhodesian Front, whichhas been describedby the representative of the :UnitedKingdomâsaright"-wmg extreme party, said, on 21 May ". ~. thatlithe Front came to power and the Federation were to break up, its aims would be a defence pactamongthe southern Sta~s of Africa and a,Common Marketarrangement between' those countJ:'ies;•••" l ,think. the mealling ofthis must be clear to èveryone here~,He haS admittedclearly.. time andtime ~aip, that the purpose of thewhite minorityGovernmentis tojoin in an ,alliance with South Africa, andtheplea which we are makinO'before the Councilis this: thatli the Councilsawfittoinvoke an embargo against Souü.lAfrica, then ,it must malte certain that this .embl,U'go is effecttve. And as forànàppeal,how càn anappeal for an embargo against'South Africa.1:)e made li m.:mame~ts are allowed to go to SouthernRhodesia,on th~ir way to Sou~ Africa?This isa,. very important matter;for the .co.un.ciftoponder,. . .. 1;7. :r'he rèpi-eSentative of t4e United Kingdom also .dispu~d, my sta~ment that no sing~e African was repi-esented outside the Victoria Falls ConfeX~~nce,at which agreement wasreachedon the defence issue. He s~tèd that African-elected ministers were present. .Hereagain mayI reniindhim of what his first 8ecr.etary of Sta~, Ml'. ButJer, said:, "1 therèforesummoned'à meeting ofheadsofdele,.. gations, autsidetheconference, aidèàbythe Minister of Defence of the Federation." Y ,18~ ,Whowere the b.eac:is of delegations,? Wit11-yourpermission, 1 will name them.They' were: 'Sir Roy Welensky. leadingtheFederation;,Mr. Wiriston Field. leading' the Southern Rhodesian delegation; and Sir 'EvelynHone, Governor of Northern Rhodesia. Nyasa- °land was notpresent. " ." 19. 'l'here~()l'e, ~e' havetO:be, careful in 'usmg ~ teuIl "de~egations". We ,here are talkin~ Iilb<>ut tj:J.e JIlajo:rJtY.,of ,Africans, whose-'fate.we agr,ee" is ,iïéd.uP withth.e min.orityGovernment; Qutalltb4tj:J.aE!happenrd "sofaril3'a complete disregard of the e~s~nce of the nllljO;t"!tyQfAfricans". and we, aredraw?J1g attentiall-~ ,thefactthat thisvery Goyernme;at.fa:rmed from~e ,r.ight"~I\g _' ~xtr.E!me ,party, ,'is uncQntr~l1abJe. The ':aI'iUsh,Qovernment ois going to,finditvery difficult ,#lcleecJ;to ,c9ntrol. 'Theythems~lves have,saidso;. ÏIl facto Sir Patrick Dean, spe~g on thisissuean,d re.,. Jer1'ing~ ourreference ta the..Gold Coast, which is llowGh,ana,spokeofthe rélatiQnshipbetw.eenthe United r! ibid..'c()l. 1432. 20. What, happened in the case of the Gold Coast, which is now Ghana? ln the Gold Coast in 1954 the Convention peoples Party, which is the rulingparty now in Ghana, won an overwhelming majority in the elections and therefore gained autonomy for the country. There was, we agree. a very militant opposition in the territory, and in view of thisopposition the British had to" intervene and force the Government to go to the country, twoyears after a general election, and again ask for support. We had to do that, and electiohs were held r-.nd again the Governmentwas vindicated. AU that we are now'asking ls that this practice, which is Commonwealth constitutionalpractice,should be applied to Southern Rhodesia. In fact, it did not apply to other countries suchas Nigeria and British Guiana,: therefore. wearè made tofeel that because Southem Rhodesia has, some Europeans some discrimination is beiilg practised even inthe cbnstitutional practice. l'Or, Convention tiau sante l'autonomie une la venir à générales, laire.' de·nouveau, nous cédure, le Elle pays mais nombre fait 21. 1 do not want to go deeply into the question of the Constitution, but the point ois ,that very vital armed forces are being handedover to a minorityGoverllment which' has a bad record, whose record is one of the oppression of the'majority.'Even if there is a reversion, we thi1lk that it is a favourable périod for the British Government, after the .severing ofthe Federa... tion, to seize the opportunity to have its power felt in Southern Rhodesia. Merely ta say there is a reversion ofpowers to ,SouthernRhodesiaalld,therefor.e,wecannot doanything about itmakés it difficult for me. Tt makes me feel that this word is very wicked inde.ed, becal1"e, in the firE!tinstat,ce, itwas the British ~ém­ SE>ives who wentiIito thatareainAfriçallIld,lmposed their will on the illhabitantsandbroughtin settlers, as'thè representativeof the United ArabRepublic ~s saiq. [1065th meeting]. They imposed theïr l'ulein Southern Rhodesia and mad~ làws, andnowweare ,tol(;1 tha,t having donethisthey havenoIJOwer to inte.rve~é in SOuthern Rhodesia that is ,ndt yet inÇlepend,ent• . ' , 21. Constitution. fOTces ment façon sait que de 'la sie,dl.lSud. .Alléguer à ne,peutriell admettre. mal, cette, ,aux le pelé dominati<>Il" nous, '<îisent. d'interve:!lJ.:r pourtant 22•.,"This ois .an'argumentupon which the, Cbuncilmust ponder., Weare not here tô score debating points. We are'here to impress uponthe Coqucil theseriousness ofthis situation and that even il there bas not been an explosi6nthere àre' elements in the "situation"'oVhich make it imperatîv'~ for everymember"of theCouncil 22",(:':esont"1à. réfléchir pa.sicipour s0tnmes la gravitêde eu 24. We are saying that the British Government itself finds it very difficult to control Winston Field. and we feel ,that any action taken by the Security Council will help the British Government to combat the obstinacy of our friend, Winston Field. 25. Before concluding these remarks. 1 would like to say a word or two about the statement made at the last meeting by the United States representative. 1 think that Ml'. Stevenson was convinced by the representative of the United Kingdom, and he dwelt at length upon the reversion of powers. Aiter the explanation 1 have given here with regard·to the use of the words "transferof powers", that infactthe forces which are being handed over to the Southern Rhodesia Government :are far greater than they wel'e in 1953 and that the army is an aU-white army-again 1 stand to be challenged on thispoint-I think that something is. being done in that part of Airica of which we must aUbe aware. and that Councilmenlbers mustconsider the situation very carefully and also carefuUy cOllsider the draft resolutiOn[S/5425/Rev.l] whichwehave put bafore it. 26. We must notgo bythefriendshipwhichwe all bave for Sir Patrick Dean, ofwhose difficulties we aU know. We know that his Government ie; finding it difficult to control Ml'. Winston Field and thatany action we take here wiU in fact help him andhisGovernment to combat the intransigence of the present Prime Minister of the minority Government of 80uthern Rhodesia. . . 27. Finally. we, the .Airican delegatiQns represented intlùs Council, have demonstrated the threat which . Central Africa' and. indéed, the whole of Airica faces asa. result of the proposed transfer of the gigantic army and".air" force ïnto the hands of a white minority Government in Southern Rhodesia. My delegation baS given detailedparticulars of the arms and aircraft wlûch are involvedin this venture. These particulars have::to,t been disputed by the UnitedKingdomGovern- "ment. 1therefore once more repeat my urgent appeal to the .' Council to a,ct èonstructively in'the light of the draft resoliltiqn before it. VVe know that we can coilnt on aU theanti-colonia1forceson the Counc~l t::>support this draft resolutioil. Support for this draftwould bee;upport for justice in Souj;hern lthoclesia. It would besupport for averting a possible explosignin that part of Africà. It would be support forall, thatwe stand, for....èquality.and justice. . . 29.Mr. FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet S()cialist Republics) (translated fromRussian) :TheSecurityCouncil is considering the .situation that has arisen in Southern Rhodesia, one of the largest United Kingdom colonies iD. Africa.. The very fact that the.Council has been convêned on the iriitiative and at the request of thirty-two Africau States, acting on behali of the peoples of the entire continent,provesthe seriousness of the events which are taking place in Southern Rhode'sia and imposes upon the members oftheSecurity Coun9il on obligation to approach the task of considering the matter baforethemandadoptingthe appropriate measureS in aparticularlyresponsible manner. membres sêrieux du 30. What are the circumstances which have made it necessary for the 8ecurity Council to giveurgentconsiderationto the situation in Southern Rhodesia? Why has there arisenin thiscolony "acrlticaland explosive sitllationIl which, as a recent resolution of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Indeperidence to Colonial Countries and Peoples,21 rightly points out, "consti~\tes a threat to internationalpeace and security"? The, crux of the matter is that an insignificant hàndful of racists and colonists inS()uthern Rhodesia is attempting. with United Kingdom support and co-:,ope.ration, to. suppressby.force the national liberation movement of millions.of Africans, who are demanding what is theïrs by right,name.ly,freedom and independènce and the restC)ration of theïr usurped 30. de l'êtat QueUes' et comme spêcial l'application pendancè tue tionales"? sie et et le d'Africains droit, terre nativ~ land. , 31. Everything indicates that in this area a new nllcleus of tension is being created whichis fraught with the diulger of anexplosion andconstitutes a threat topeace not confined tothis region of Africa alone. 31. de paix de 32. If. we consider .that the United Kingdom intendS to transfer considerable military forces to the racist GoverIUllent of Southern Rhodesia. then the QDùnous prospect that in the near fûtureSouther.nR.hodesia . will seethe outbreak.of a new~olonialistwar. siriùlar to thatwhich was wagedin Algeria ·and Indo-China and to. that which is goingon at the present timein Angola and Port~ese Guinea, becomes.•1 t.:i.ghly probal;>leonè.· " . 32. de de rablès, tive braser Rhodêsi en Angola 33. Therepresentatives of Ghana, Mali,· the United ArabRepublic • Tanganyika and Uganda, who spélkeat . previous meetings of ·theCo11Ilcil. expl'essing the unanimous view of the NricanStates, stronglyemPha.. sized the fact that.a bloody tragedy was imminent in SOllthern Rhodesia and expreSsed gre.at apprehenSion andaiarmon thatscore. ; 33. l'Ollganda,de nylka lorsqu'ils dentes peut Ils.opJInanifestêàcepropos .les 34. It 1s also a matter ofserious concern tlw.t the SecurityCouncilis n()wholging a.debateforthe fo~ tittlein .. a. coniparatively '!3hort. pericid, in fact j~t in the .lastfew1l1onthS.onthe explos1veproblerns whj.ch 34. le courte blèmes :tJ F!lr ~thétextoft6isd!lcument seeOfficial &eè!lrdsofthe General 2.l~ourle semblée de. AssémllJy.Sigilt~enthSession. Annexes. adqendwn to agenêlaitelll23 ' (A/5446/&ev.IJcha.pterUI. para.. 282.TrànSinittêdtothe5ecurityCoun,.. cilby illener from the ÇilairIIianoftheSpecial COmriùttee .(Sf5378). Con~eir , (8/5378). 37~ Recently, the question of Southern Rhodesia has been twice èonsidered at sessions of the General Assembly. twice examined by the Specia.l Committee and twice considered by the specially establishedSub- Committee on Southern Rhodesia. the members of which wentto LOndon for negotiations with the United Kingdom Government. Various United Nations organs have also adopted quite a l1umber of positive resolutions' and recommendations on this question. It is. however. unfortunately tIue that the resolutions of the General Assembly have remained a dead letter and1;4at the situation in Southern Rhodesia continues to deteri9rate. ~gently requirip.g prompt intervention by the Security Council in order 00 prevent a sequence of events which can only endanger the cause of peace. 38. The indigenous people of Southern Rhodesia are now striving 00 attain their inalienable rights. rights whichhavealreadybeèn attained by mostpeoples 'of the African'continent. The people ofSouthernRhodesia are deÔlanding independence andfreedom aS a ~ation. the right 00 run their own country and 00 live às they see fit. This just demandhasbeen iinpressively and UIll'eservedlysupported by the lJnited Nations and by allpeace-doving Qo~ernments,andpeoples. 39. . T~ose 'who ,stillbear resporisibility for the territory of SoutherIJ:Rhodesia as,tlle Ad~steringPower are disregai'ding the legitimate rights and interests, of the indigenous ,African population of the territory.It isno.,secret 00· anyone that for certain very definite reasons the·United Kingdom Governmentis trying, against the will aIîd the hopes ofthe people of Southern Rhodesia, to make itamatterof grantingno more than a formaI and fictitious independence by means of a t~ansferofbroad powers and authority, not to the lawful'representatiVes of the overwhelming majority of •the ••indigenous popull;l.tion.,but to a racist ,white régime. In 'tlUs way. the United Kingdom is trying to 41. ls it not a mockery that undë'r the so-called Constitution. fifty seats in the Legislature are reserved for an insignificant European minority while the overwhelming majority of the population of thecolintrycan atbest count on no more than fifteen seats? 42. The General Assembly has on several occasions called upon the UnitedKingdomtorepeal the 1961 Con- 1 stitution which is clearlyinconflictwiththe Charter of our O~ganizationand the Declarationonthegrantingof independence to colonial. countries andpeoples. The United Kingdom Government. however. ignoring those appeals. sanctioned the holding of elections ahead of schedule on the basis of this racist Constitution. in the course of which the reactionary Field régime came to power. As was to be expected.the indigenous population ofSouthern Rhodesia boycotted these unlawful elections. 43. All. the actions of the racist Field régime are .aimed at preserving and further strengthening the supremacy of the white colonists in SouthernRhodèsia. 44. flarticularly eloquent evidence of this is the distribution of land. the mainwealthof SouthernRhodesia. A law has beeninforce in the country since 1930 under which 41 million acres of the best landhas been transferred to the white COlClnists. who amount tO only about 5 per cent of the population. while the indigenous Jnhabitants. who constitute about 95 per centofthepopulation. of the territory. have obtained.only 44 million acres of the worst possible land. often totally unfit for agriculture. For many years this law has been the basis for racial discrimïnation and the privileged position of the whites. In spite of this.Fieldhad no sooner come to power than he stated th&.t ~s Govern~ mentdid not intend to· repeal this thieves i law. w!'jch ls anoutrageous violationofthe rights ofthe indigenous population. . . 45. The :Fieldr~gimeisputting dozens ofdiscriminatory and racist laws into effect. pl~cingthein9igenous .iIlhabitants. in a harsh. unequaI andhumiliatingposition vis-Il-vis the white settlers il1 the political. economic and l30cial spheres. In t4e memorandum of the thirtytwo·Mrican States [S/5382 and S/5409J,andalsoin the statements by the distinguished representatives of Ghana, Mali. the United Arab Republic. Uganda and Tanganyika, a whole series of concrete examples and facts have been adduèed illustrating how widely racial discrimination ls nractised in S01.~thern Rhodesia. The Field régime; which is extending this practice andadoptingfurther repressivekd draconian laws .to support .it,hassùbmitted new bills for the approval of the racist Parliament designedto intensify still further. the. fightagainst the national liberation movement. III particular.' a bill. has been 'introduced 47. One cannot fail to agree withthe conclusiondrawn bythe representatives of the African countries. who haveconvincingly demonstrated that the so-called Government of the white racists in Southern Rhodesia is following the same inhuman policy of apartheid. so decisively condemned by the United Nations and all pecples. as the racistVerwoerdrégime inSouthAfrica. 48. .At the 1066th meeting of the Council. the representative of the United Kingdom. Sir Patrick Dean. attempted to create the impression that the United Kingdom's role in the solution of the question of Southern Rhodesia was very limited and that London was only some kind of third party. and a distant one at that. Referring to the British Constitution. the Victoria Falls Agreement and the peculiarities of the United Kingdom's relationship vlith SouthernRhodesia and with the Federation ofRhodesia andNyasaland.the United Kingdom representative made it appear as though the UnitedKingdomGovernmentcouldnotintel'- venein the internal affairs of Southern Rhodesia. 49. Evidently. in this instance. the UnitedKingdomis tryingto he rather more resourceful than the portuguese colonialists. who. casting aside all constraint. asserted some weeks ago in this very room that the colonies in Africa constituted an integral part of the Portuguese empire. the so-caHed ·"overseas provinces". and that the Africans livir_g in these provinces had aH of a sudden become portuguese. 50. But it is doubtful whether the legal fictions invented by the United Kingdom Qovernment will help it to clear itself of responsibility for the.. course of events in Southern Rhodesia. No cas1,Ùstic arguments froDi the rèpresentatives of the United Kingdom can camouflage the actual state ofaffair~nor conceal the glaring and well-known fact that it is precisely the United Kingdom which is theorganizer. instigator and director of what is taking place in Southern Rhode.sia. It i'S. of course, no accident that the United Kingdom representative found no words to condemn the racist Southern Rhodesian régime. On the contrary.inwhitewashing and justifying this régime in every possible way. he completely by-passed, the main issue. namely that .the racist régime. in Southern Rhodesia is attempting tomaintain white colonialist supremacy by force in theterritory of an African country. 51. ,Inthia connexionit becomes pertinent to askwho is planning totransfer military Wlits and aircraft to the.racist Fieldrêgime andwho is defendingit in international affairs andseeking in every possible way to prevent the legal problem from being decided as a 52. Exposing the unsoundness ofthe UnitedKingdom's position. the delegationsof the African countries have rightly pointed out that at the present time the United Kingdom has aU the authority it needs to introduce the reformscaUed for by the United Nations. and that it can refuse the so-called Government of Southern Rhodesia the right even to impose taxes. which is the classical method of control over any government. The representatives of the African countries have rightly noted in t!leirstatements that the United Kingdom CÇUl undoubtedly force the colonial rêgimein Southern Rhodesia to impIement the decisions of the General Assembly .by refusing to transfer broad powers to it. 53. Only last yeaJ.'. Mr. President. the General AsseIribly of the United Nations came to the clear and categorical conclusion that ".•• the Territory of Southern Rhodesia is a Non-Self-Governing Terl'itory withîn the meaning of Chapter XI of the Charter of the United Nations". That wàs established in resolution 1747 (XVI) and has been confirmed in aIl subsequent United Nations decisions on Southern Rhodesia. 54. The question of Southern Rhodesia cannot. of course. be considered on its own. in isolation from the· multifariousinterests which the colonial.Powers. and most ofall the United Kingdom. have in the south of the African continent. The cOIp.plex interweaving of the econoInic. military and political interests ·of the colonialPowers in thesouthern part of Africa is in fact the key to an·unâ.erstanding of the stubbornness with which they are striving to hold this region....their last important colonial bridgellead-under ,their doInination. .., vêtrement politiques de puissances sur du colonialisme 55. We must bear Inmindhere.thatSouthernRhodesia at the present time serves as a sort of "white shield" for tms region ofAfÏ'ica. whichhas been drawn deepest into the sphere of interest of the international monopolies. The economic role and politicalsignificance of the monopolies in the solution of the colonial,problem in Southern Rhodesia are immense. Let us recall that here the so-called "South African empire" of the mighty monopolies holds undivided sway. 55. actuelle que, sphère rôle derniers du de des ce 56. Sud près administré du du de 57. sance par Sud avaient• richessesnaturellesa.ppartenaientnonpas poptllationautochtonemais 58. total, 56. The oldest-established firm in SouthernRhodesia is the British South AfricaCompany. For almost a qqarter of a century-up to 1923-it directly managed the· affairs of Southern Rhodesia. Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. as the highest authority of the British Grown ln these.Territories. 57. E"en in subsequent years its powers were soextensive .• that in 1933. for example. the Government of Southern Rhodesia was forced to buy the right.to concessions in S()l,lthern Rhodesia from it. as thoqgh the country's natul"al resQl,lrces belonged ta this foreign intruder of a company. rather than to the indigenol,ls population. 58. The British South Afric~ Comparty-which has assets totalIlng E63.200.ÙÜO. acquired from the bl60d 59. The most important United Kingdom 'banks have secul'ed themselves strong positions in Southern Rhoà.esia. Th~.largest private British bank. Barclays. wita assets totalling t 2.823 million. now has sixty- !h.~~d branches. the Standard Bank has sixtybranches, the National Overseas and Grindlays Bank (a su'bsidiary of Lloyds Bank) has seven branches, and so on. 60. AlI these foreign monopolies and banks, clinging like a monstrous octopus to Southern Rhodesia and sucking out exorbitant profits by plundering its resources, do not conceal their intention of holding on to their position as the sole economic and political masters of Sputhern Rhodesia by perpetuating white supremacy in that country. Expressing the attitude of these circles. the United Kingdom newspaper, the Daily Telegraph, in a leading article in February of this year. cynically wrote that it was absolutely unreasonable .to expectthatthe European community (i.e.• the European settlers) should at this stage relinquish power in favour of the African politicians. 61. ·The United Kingdom monopolies have appropriated a substantial and oftenan overwhelming share of the output of useful mineraIs in Southern Rhod~sia. Thus.· 85 per cent of the tin is m:inedby the United Kingdom company, Kamativi Tin Mines, 100 per cent of the .nickel by the Gwanda Nickel Syndicate, and 100 per cent of the antimony.by the Consolidated GolO. Fields· of South Africa. The production of asbestos in Southern Rhodesia is monopolize<i by the United Kingdom company, Turner andNewall; coal andpyrites are mined by two subsidiary companies ofthe gigantic monopoly, Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa. whi.ch ls !JontroUedby the Rothschild-Oppenheimergroup. In 1959 the Rothschild company, Rio Tinto Zinc Corporation. also acquired three goldmining companies in Southern Rhodesia. 62. Seeking to preserve the dominance ôf the white mincrity over the overwhelmingmajorityofthe'ïndigenous African people, the Southern Rhodesian régime is now môving closer to the racist Verwoerd régime in South Africa and to the Portuguese colonialists. They. are· guided by a commonscheme to join forces in the struggle against the natlonalfreedom movement of tbe African peoples. In the words of the United Kingdom weekly The Observer. Field's racist party openly regards South Africa not only as its spiritual citadel but also as the sole rock to which white rule in 80uthern Rbodesia can cling forsurvival. 63. It has not taken long for the spiritual kinship between. the South African and Southern Rhodesian racists to take a more definite and more organized forme On 23 April 1963, in a speechto the Parliament of tbe Republic of SouthAfrica, Verwoerd spoke openly of the necessity of establishing co-operation between theracist régimes of the Republic of SouthAfrica and Southern Rhodesia, ~hether, as.he said, in someform 65.rn ~e\V.ofthe~ecircumstanc:eswe·must çonsider the' Qroad .aspect .of the Southern RhQcj.esian problem. The actlonsof :t4etJnited:l{ingdom and of the l'apist rêgime,'of'So1,1thernRhodèsiaundoubtedlyrepresenta threattoaiIAîricanpeoples. Andtherefore thestl'Uggle of the SouthernRhodesianpeoplefor their national freedomls also an ,impo.rtant èleple.nttn the great hïstork .struggle.9f.·tb,e' .Africànpeôpl~s for the finâl eXpulsion of aIl colbnia,lists'fromthe Afric~ancontinent. 66. It isnatur.al, therefore,that the independent Africancountries shouldgive aIl the support they-can to the. people of. Southern Rhodesia•..The Conference of the,·Pan .African'F,reedom Movement of' East, ·and Central Mrica. ·the conference ·at Moshi,theAddis Ababa Su~mit .Conference are importantlandmar.ks. wliich demonstrated the increasedassistancebeing givE!n by aIl AfI'ican peoples to the peoplesof Southern Rhodesia. In particular, the resolutionadoptedbythe Addis Ababa Conference stresses.thefollowingpoints. which sh()uld reçeive the â.ttentionofiheSecurityOou..'1~ cil: . . .. . . . ·"3. Invites. further.the colonial powers.particu- · larlytheUnitedKingdottl with regard 'toSouthern Rhodesia. not totransfer thëp0wersand attributes of sovereignty.to foreignmiIiority governménts imposed 'on African peoplès' by thè· use of force and · under .c.over ofraciallegislation. A tranl?fer. of tI:tis kind.would amount,to,a ~olationof thepro~sionsof · l))ûted Nationsresolution1514 (XV) on inçlepepdElnCej "4. Reaffirms ·its support of African nationalists ofSouthernRhodesiaand solemlÙydeclares thatif power in Southern Rhodesia:were to be usurped'bya. racial white. minoritygov~rnment,States Members of the Conference. would lend theireffective moral and practical support to any legitimate measures which·the African nationalist leaders maydevisefor the purpose.,of recovering.s\J.ch power and restoring it to the African majority,", 67. The United Kingdoin representaUv"t'in a st.atement which wasmorein keepi~withthedismal epoch of .• colonial'.conquest than withthe period.of :the ingloribus de'cllne of colonialism~souglit ta convince us here that prosperity anà tranquillityprevaileci,. in SouthernRhodesia alld that•. tI1erefore.as he sawit, the Security Council sho~ld'not tâke up the consid~ra­ tionofthesituation in this.Territbry. <?7,.bant'l·. à niàles lisrne, à en .Rhodésie point c4per 68.Commerit alors 6~~This sort of.assertion is unaccElptable. however. when. aS,th~ whole world knows•.events in ~outhern 69. Undoubtedlysuch a stepbythe UlÛtèd Kingdom Government would' notonly'signify'a grossdisregard of:tlie laWftil' rights,and interestsof the indigenous African populatioilbut would also increasethe tension fuSOuthern Rhodesia, which'already constitutesa serious·potential threat to the peace.....and not in tha.t region alone. 70.'This aéhon--ff carriedo\lt-may have ,tragic éonsequences. The Utrlted Kingdom i'epresentative himself 'acknowledged that the racists ,in Southern Rhodesia would in that case l'eoeive the right to control:the:use of thearmed forces within the country. Apart fromanything else, this would Mean a danger that-:theUnited'Nations wouldencounter a newversiori of4he 'barbarous 'policy of apartheid in Southern Rhodesia.;. 7:t.>We'alÎknOwîull'wellthat the peopleof Southern Rhodeeia ,cannot and will not •accept the Violationof their laWful and/inalienablerights; they do not wi~h Wand will nots~fer a régime of colonial serVitude. At'th~. ,beginn~ngof this year Mr. Nkamo,' the leader o~ ,Jhe "national f~eedom' movement, in Southern RhoqelSia,sa~d that in order:10.avert the catastrophe which tl:1reate~leclthe cO\lntry,the United Kingdom must nqt delay in iJltroducing legislation proViding for majority. government.lt is incumbent on the,> United Kipgdom Government to give dUe considerationto these WarlÛngs• ~ '; . 72.Itl the!"r' e~lariatory metnorandum(S!5382] the Africanéountries stress thatthe latent crisis in So1.l,thérn Rhodeslâ woulcl1:>e intensified to,a dangerous , degl'ee.ffthe U~itt:ld Kingdom GovernÎXlentproc.eeded with, ifs ,Present planto place powerlul armed forces, prèvi0\lf3lY Çqritrolledby. the United Kingdom, u.nder tlleintiependent,command of.the ]:'acist régime. in so~thel'q.Rhoclesia. " 73. The,armed forces which' the' United Kingdom Govarnment:- ls ,proposing 'to transfer to 'Southern Rhodesiaare,asyouknow, four army battà1ionS! of white troops,' one ai'moured car squadron, also Oonsisting of ;Européans and seven'European-manned air sgtladrops,.éonsistipg of m,odern jet fighter-bo;mbers, andll~li.coPters., ' ", ' ' 74. The Security Council'sattention should be drawn 10 thefact thàt,- asstatedin thee~lariatorymemorandum:" . •,"The transfer ,of these Forces would constitute a most ,senous .threat to the seeurity of the African Clontinent andmight weIl involve a threat to world peace~',The.,possession by a colonial ad;ministration, O,ver which the British Government claims to have nQccmtrol, of powerful aggressive forces rtlight reault in their being used to ,support separatist moveS' in the Congo ..• orto supportthe maintenance of colonial régimeselsewhere,contrarY to the de-, cisions ,of the United Nations. The use of aircraft ·agairist ,thé ciVil population of Southe;rnRhodesia is by no tneansunlikely if-such armament is entrusted to the present Southern Rhodesian Government." [S!5382,para. 17.] . . 76. The Couneil canandshoulddeP1~dtheimplemen­ tation of those resolutions which have been adoptedby the •. qeneral' Assemblyon 'the q1,lestion ,of Southern Rhodesia. Theseresolutidns, stressingthe inalienable right of the, people of SouthernRhodesia to self-determination.· and to the formation of an independent Afrïcan State, embody the wishes·.and. demands put fcirward by the most representativeAfrican parties of Southern Rhôdesia, which 3peak -in the interests of the indigenous inhabitants of this Territory.. . .. . ",.. .'.' . - ." -.. , 77. In our opinion, the pUi'pose of thedraft resolution introduced by the delegations of Ghana, Morocco and the Philippines [S/5425/R.ev.l) is to attainthese goals. \Ve çonsider that tlle measures provided for in this draft are the minimum which t4e SewrityC'Jull()il must adopt in the<given circumstance$.The Soviet delegatlon supports the draft resolution ofthe three Afri()an-Asian countries and· Will vote fol;' its adopti,on by the Secur-ity Council. . p'-Ûssances· Èlàfaveùr.· 78. The . Soviet UnIon vigor0t1~ly'sÎ:lPP?#S t~e''jus~ struggleof thé colonial peoples for theirfreedom'and, in particulir, the, st:rùggIe of thé pebple otSoutherh Rhbdesia. In bis message to theAfricahHeads of State and Government taking;'part in the Addis Ababa Conference, .Mr. Khrushchev, the' Head of the Soviet Gov~ èrriment, once again stres~edthâtthe peoples of Africa coulâ rely without question on the Èlùpport ofthe Soviet people and tlîeir Governmënfin 'collnexiçm witIi the resolutions adopted by the Conference concernillg the prompt eliminatioll of ~olonialism and the proVision of practicaF assistance tonational indepéhqencefighters. Mi'; Khrushchev said: . . . , "Thestruggle to eliminate the Shamefulcolonial systemcompletely, once andfor aIl; and to guarantee 78 légitime, etën Rhodésiedtl et M.· a peuven.t,êtréassurês verhemeilt en Abéba lisme luttent ..all peoplesthe i'ight tofree and independent develop~ .ment ·isone of 'the principal âimsofour'illternational poltcy."· 79. The S.ovIet delegation supports theefforts.thatare being made to·prevElDt the United· Kingdom and the Southern Rhodesian racists from .carrying. out tl:1eir plans .for granting.Southern. Rhodesia a. fictitious independence whilepreservipgJullyil.l that Territory the present inhuman system ••of colonial oppression'al.ld exploitation of.millions of Aiticansby. an insignificant minority of ,white racists;'It will support,the demand of the '. Mrican . States and the people pf SOuther.n Rhodesia for tl.1e immediateabrogation of theracist Constitution of 1961 andtheestablishmentinthat coun,.. tryof' ~epresentativeorgansofthe illdigenoUÈl popula,.. tionthrough elections cOlldu()tedon theblsis of univers;!.l and. equal suffrage under the 'Supe~vision of.a cCll11mission .appointed by the Security Council. AIl authority must·be tran,flferred to these.organs. 79. pris plans du tive le ploitationde irisignüiante revendicationsdes:Etats,africainlil Rhodésiedtl,$ud,. tion·raèistede que de.·la;populationautochtone'éluer-8.trsuffl'ageunivers,eI; dans-des'.cü1îditiüns=d'égalité, d'Ullecommissïondésignée C les '81. . The PRESIDENT: The SoViet Tepresentative has lùs(suggested'tbat in ortler to expeditethe work of the COUJ:):cUthe 'con~èc~tiyeInterpretation ofhisstatement .~to Engns~ an:~ Fr-enchbe wàive<LIfthis isacceptable :to'the membersot'the Council, andonthe understaIidi~g, of course, thant does not create a precedent. we sh'aU :pr~ceedacëordingly. Therebeing no objection, theinterprétationswillbe wàived. . 82. Mr.SEYDOUXWralice)(translatedfromFrench): Theproblêm now before the8ecurity COlmCnhas beèn :the .,§lùbject ..·of weIl-docume~ted, and detàiled statementSi.whièhhavepointedoutthàt it Is an important andcomplex question. The 'French delegation lsiully aware'Of this, and ithas.studiedwlth aIl due attention tPe èxp.lal1.ati9nsWhichbave jus~ beengiven arid the dratt resolùtionsubniittedyesterdayby' th~ representati.vesofGhana. Morocco.and the Philippines [S/5425/Rev.l]. 83. ,How.ever. 'my delegation wishes to recallbriefly 1hat.s~ce:theve'l'Y:lnception 'of the United Nations. $rance has~ always heldthe Viewthat the Organiza- ',tion:hàs,been .given 'no legal authorttyto'determine whethEn'0r,notaStatetsautonomous and.conseqùently; whether'ornotit issubjectto1heproVislonsofChapter.XIoftheCharter.Mydelegationàlsô considers"that theU:nited,lIlatio~shas .~o,power:to<pass jUQgetpent on JJiea;s~~:tàk~n 'fbrthe.lloliticaladvancement of m.J.y cQuiltryw.Jüchdoesnotyetenjoy àlltheattrïbutes of sov.eœipty" Inthenew'ofthe.Frenèh Government. boththeseqllestions.a;re ,exclûsivèlyW1thin thecompe~ iteIi:ceofthé'MènÎber -statesrespc:lnsible-thatistosay. Inithecas:ebeforeus,the UlÛtedKi.ngdom~Wèbelleve tnatt].iispoeiitîèln.w.hicbls;m,conformity,withboth tb,e letteta;ndthe !rniritôfthe'Cha~r..lSthe9nlY.9nethat '\Villeillltil~<P11i"Orgairlzàtion;and<inp3rticul~rth,e ~'Cgtlty :O~cn •. to.fulfUtlIe reSlp()nsibi1itiesvesteQ.~ ·~tf~~th.es~~guardingofpeaceand internati.c;malco- ,oiainatton. ". . .. . . - "t-;--' , ~ . ,- ;84. ··,Tlîis.dQesnot"mean.,howeveT.tbatFrance lsin llJlY ·.w~y:in.(ijffeTent ,to:thepro»lems,arieiiIlg ~fom the prt':seJlt.situation.inSouther.nRhodesia;·onthecontrary. m:y:èoUnt:ryhasino~reason;thanptherfl.touri:4e:J;'stand ,theT~~ctionliJwlùciithi.s,situlltionjsnowarout:ling in "t\i1/tOa.;It'iS:·lUldellst~qable-that.this, ,contin'entt",~wept ~.TeceJlt'y.ears:))ythe;great··wave·ofelithu5iasm.-whiclI abcomp~ed.the'·àttàinmentof. itsaspirations':to inde", ··nen<ience•.. sh()~Q:feeL.great:;.concernat· theo1)stacles ~ppa~entlYi'blocking:thefu1'theradvanceof that move." . .,mentin li!ômepat:ts of Af'r!cll;It :i~notdifficultforus ... ~ )j:nl~ne4h~t,seeing·suchdeiay.s.somemaYfeelthàt 'thepr~c:iest:l::;ôf .<iecol()nization. has ·been ,suddenly ....·..èhè<>keçl.a.n~,f~·a!':thatthe·AfricanPQpulationofSoutlIern .' .·.. Rl1o<ieSiâmlty;tili<Ift~eif ..;for·ahj!'ldêfimte..period;,sub-' ·,",ject'tO:lliGq;v:ernment'rep;pesenting,only··a,minority•. ~et, the1'e\;ll3'r:no,.PO\ijlt;;tl1~t";theterml!lal·.!loiJlt;of.:.Souther.p ..... ~h()desfa';s:~dvancem~nt·'canonlYbe·the'establishm,ent •......~"~~< .;aa,.··.:.::rê,.gf.' '. m ..•......e.........•.•.de.,ri.'.v~.Q,., .•.f..'ro..mJ.hiê a.pp..·li ., ca:Wo.n....•. o.n·...•.a.t.My }, ~ocr.attebaBls~thatis·t~QUghl1llivèrs$lSl.lffrage..... '.".: .'.• Qf,:'tJiè\'prinçlpl~s~of ·self..determination.That '.is:,the: ........·.... 'ppl~çy wtitçlIF~ance-Uèelfhas: followe4.andwe can. , ". '-' {;)-"' . . _.' .,' ' , - . ' . 85. Africa's concerl1,. t'i,~n, is understandable.!t.ldeed, it would be justifiedsolelY9ri the basisof the avowed intentions of the Government atSalisbury. Howev'er, not that Government alone is involved. Sir' Patrick Dean told us of the difficUlties retarding the advancement of Southern Rhodesia,but he did not say tha:t they preventèd further advancement, and he made no secret of the desired objective ofthe UnitedKingdo~Govern­ ment, which has no intention ofevading !ts respoIisibilities in respect of that country. We have no doubt that this'objective is, insubstan'Ce, identic~l with that fervently desired by the African States. To refuse to recognize this, and to seek the intervention. of the Security Councilin this situation, would be, in fact to question the intentions. of the United Kingaom, whose policy for nearly twenty years past in both Asia and Africa, does not, we believe, justifythis. 86. .The French Government cannot ofcourse associate itself with such an action, first, because 1tisnot in keeping with its principles to pass judgement on intentions gratuitously ascribed..to. a country, and secondly because· it doesnotbelieve. that the United Kingdom'sintentions withrespecttoSouthernRhodesia oranyother territory are confioary totheobligation imposed' on Membersof·the United Nationsby the Charte,r to. ensure the application' of the right of peoples tQ.·self..determlnati()D• 87.Quite apartfrom theforegoingèonside:tations~the main purpose· of my statement isto indioate that 'the Frenchdelegation' wiUbe unable to support,îhe draft resolution as ilowwordedin termswhich e~ce,edthé competence of the Security,Counon. '. ,; dteW(m~m~s. 87. cèclent, qu'il, d'approuver d~gê·'.,et tence, 88;. question. devant. en gênéraleetfondamentale 88. Ml'•• HSUEH(Cllina):'Theques.tion of Soutbern' Rhodesia broughtby thirty..two,Afric.an<~~ates<before' tllis Council"consists, in fàct, of\two.aspe.cts.·One. is~ generaland funciamental,.that of theraèià.t;situation inSouthern Rhodesia.The: other~isthe more Specifie. ancl,immediate pr.oblem which.has·recently'arisen··as, a result of theproposed transfèr. or reverSipnof powers to the. Governm~nt of Southern RhC?de~iauponl the dissolution of the"Federation of Rhodesia and . Nyas~iIand: - . ..' ". ~odésie pluspréciset·pl.us ou n~"n:l:ent, de , '. 89. Numel'01.1s.discuflsions have alreadytakenplace: in the United> Nations on the racial situation, in~ Soutllern Rhodesia-intheGeneralAssemnly•. thits Special C()m~i~ee of- Se:v:enteen and, in;.its,Special. Commlttee of Twnty,.fQur.l do not,~.ilieve ittobe the"function of the' Counci! ta review the_question in aIL it13 details.Thatfunction, prope;rl~be~on~ toc atller',organs.The. Counci1ma~,,~however, tâ,ke, note ofthe"faot,thâtin:thos,e,preY!Qùsdisçussionspractica:l-' ly;'all States Membersag:reed\tbat raciàl d1~crimin~t tfonwàs'.'still:practil;J_èdcin,'that;·.country and'. thatthë~ . l'egr,ettable'sitùa;tiOIi'OâUscfOl'-' a .speëdy:change. ~ 89.: l'objet. ..,..tt: Dix"'Septt·et'au' ne cupe~de tâChE:}. .• cl;lpelÏgant,prèJ:1d:~.not~. a1lXql1~l,s. le.s,.Etats,lVIe~bl'es·.ont ra.è:iale ,devràit~tr~!: Opill.~>nsdiffer.·às· tô'the.bèstimeans· bywhich,stich·a .. sifq,atio~" fàçon. que. ha:bi@lts'cl,e Qhan~;ëan,be,effec.ted~.ButiOs,clêar.that. until equaij.~· .ij" isassurédfor .altinha:bltants·inS.outhemRnôtie,~ia. iti'all'fiéldS"':pôlitica:I,·..eCÔl!oinic;andfldèial";'thEfsftuâ-,· tionthere will ,remaitt a: Înàtterof,serioûs"iJonœrniand ma~nes, 8.1pûetMtèlt1l~,UnitedN~tipns.~ ·tiomde.·ce~p,ayS;:c0l'l.tinl.lera'cl,';êtI'e cupation·,·,ehmême,.dUnquiêljJ.de:'P.our!les:N~ti()ns:'Unies 91. FUI:thermor~. 1do not recall anyoccasion onwhich the. representatives of the UnitedKingdomgave indication ~at, the political and racial situation. in Southern Rhode.sia wà.s. ~egardec:l as satisfactory. On the contrai-y, theY'have· expressed· the view that the United Nations.m~s,t rely On the Vnited Kingdom Government using its influence to achieve progressinthe situation. This .attitp~~. 1.. think•. is in accord ·with the proud re~ordof the United Kingdom of havinggrantingindependence to 650 million people since .. the end .of Wôrld WarIL On10september1963the representative of the u'nited~ingdom,inhis speechbafore tilis! COUI'icil qùoted'tlie'Flrst· Secretary ofState of his.GoverIiment· aIid .èJ#phaslzed" that .i'lthe .Go'Vernment·· o~ Southern Rhooesiahas been informed that it must first make proposals:t6 ~s"'-tliafis,to the United Kingdom Gove1'nment....,lIfor amendments in its Constitution which wo.uid:re$ult iIi'broad.enfngthe basis ofrepresentation in t~eJeghslatureto talçe effect{l.Bsoonas practicableIl [fQ66th. nieetillg.para.44]. 'N9 doubt the United Kingdom. Government.will continue its efforts tmtil that Objec.ttvela achteyed. ' ~.. . ... . ".-.. .; : 92~.,At the sam.et1tlle.• 'the discussions of the prl)blèPl lrithe't1nitedNl:l-tions'are useful.·Theynot opIy serve thl:'. pùrpose··of,briIiging .home to those inSouthern Rh'Ç'd.esla. ",hp ()ppos~a çhangein the racialpo~icyhow ~t(;lp.a1lI~~eir position is, bUt thesediscussions also' st~ngtlien...the '. iI!fJuence of ,the .United. Kingdom ln St;I~th$'~-Rhodesia.apdimp;t'~sSupon the authorities. OOJlç~'l'n~dJlsenseQfurgency in~ffectingthedesired peaééfl.Uchange. .' 9:3;.rn(1~~4" .. t~mei§an.lPlPo1"tant ~lemènt· i~ .case~ .suçl).·as· tlns>'ForjW;ltice longdelayed ls jus,tice dëni~d~,!fthe.. ràèhl.l·si~ati9n cOIltin~~s .in SOuthern IU1Qd~SÜi W:iil1Qpiirimr:ov~inent•. ~t •êould. .'. béfore.Jong'. .·.·.leà,dt9·Ye.1'y.l1D.i;le,slr~bie·(lon.s~quenges·whiçhma,ytMn béèÔtÏ1e-,lttb~~4tto~ntern~tïonalpeàçeap.d.secu'l'itY.I. anis.~~è.th~t!P~.p~t.e(i;Js:iIl~()mGoyernlTIent~e~li~es . th~~~:p~~si1:JiJitle.S:Jll()?-'l:' ..tlîan .llIlYp0d.Y els~~ .... " "/ - : - ,-~\;. -,' .. : .. ,", :- <-,:: ,'. - ...... - . -.. " --- .. '-' 94;:,l'ha~e"O()Inni'entedoh tliisgeneral asp~ctofthe questi.on]Ilere,ly. as·:a'backgroundfor'adiscussiOn'of \\ 95. Having said this. 1 realize that thereare other practical problems involved. The representative oUhe United States mentioned in his speech [1067th meeting} the possible effectonthe independence ofNorthern Rhodesian and Nyasaland if the Victoria Falls Agreement was not ta be implemented in full. There·may also be the problem of the actual control of the armed forces in question after the dissolution of the Federation. since there forces are at present stationed in Southern Rhodesia. It is also necessary to avoidany possible development affectingpeace andorder or even the status of the country that may be detrimental to the interest of aIl its inhabitants. . 96. AlI these are problemsof a complicatednature; of which the only solution' obviously lies in a substantial change in the basic situationofSouthernRhodesia. My 'delegation believes that our present discussion serves a useful purpose by providing another opportunity to stress' the neéd for such a change and to consider the specifiq problems attendantupon the existing"situation. My delegation ishopeful that as a result of the present discussion the Security COUDcil can rely on the United Klngdom's notonly us~ng its influence. but ,also increasing its influence to solve theseproblemsandto expedite theach1.evement ofthe desi~ed9bjec,ti~e. , 97•.,' ~ir Patrick DEAN (United Kingdolll): lha.:veasked, to speak again briefly in orderto clearup a few points raised by the spèeches of the representatives 'oÎ Morocco and Ghana. Like my colleague. Mr. ,Quatson- Sackey. Il,im notout to, score debating points. The issues here 'before us are far' too serioue for that. sertous ,fpr Southern 'Rhodesia. serious forCentrlll Africa, and last. but not J~ast. very seriousfor t1tis, COUDcil. . 98.IJlai.4 pàtticûlar',àttention to thë speechyest.erday of. therepresentative of,~orocco{1067th meeting}. If 1 n}ay s,ayso~. 1 respect bis,naturaleloqüence and bis Galli,c logié. 1 kp.OW that what he"has to say very properly carries w~ight in this Council.lfeel. th~re... f()~E? ti).atJ,ow.e, bim.ananswer. not,least because J. S~l:l f~()mh1.sspeeÇlh that~yown. statementonTuesday [1066thmeeting'} ,has appa~ently.,~ackeélthe lucidity whi,ch lhad hoped to Impart .toft. ,and that someIlli.s:'" underst~di~stin<ioes eXistinthil;l Council. ' espêr~ IIl~lélltepd~ ~OO. The real significance of the Victoria Falls Conference is entirely different. Victoria Falls does npt. siam the. door on the aspirations of the peop~e of Southern Rhodesla. Onthe contrary.itopensthedoor to a new progressive chapter in Central Africa. Victoria F ~~s does not change the status. ofSouthernRhodesia. May 1 sugpsttbat members of the CounciIread again the staterp.e~ts. quoted in my éarlier speech~ of the British Firstsecretary ofState.Mr. Butler. in the Bouse of Comm6ns Ws summèr. about future constitutionaf developmentsinSouthe!'n Rhodesia. 101.. Then again. the representative of Morocco also querieq. my references to Article 2, paragraph 7, and wonderad; why" when as he rightly recognized.· my delégation has not,in the past used Ws Article in relation to colonial ,matters. we should turn to it in the casei ,of SOll.thernRhodesia. There. is no mystery in this; no change· in policy. The burden of a,whole. host of. speeçh~s .byUnited Kingdom représentatives in the u:riitedNations.ha~been:to try toimpress~pon'representatives here th~differences.....L repeat that word lid1fference&"-'iiètween Southern Rhodesia' and the BriJ!s~non.":seJt-goyerningterritories. '. 102•.;We havealways-regularly,transmitted.inrespect ofournon-self._governingterritories. alltheinforma" tion,required und~r Article 73 eof the Charter; and indeed.lls,everyone'knows. we have gone'ev~nfurther thanthis.:Wehave·neveratanytime pleaded that ArticIe 2~ par$aph, 7. of the Charter prevented.usfrcom doing, this. . 103.,' Whafls atdssue·now, however~isan entii'ely differentmatter: It is beeause anattempt is bèlng Iriadein..this·CoUrieil tO'get the COt1Dcil10 intervene mmattérs· which concernonly the fully self-governing"terrttoryof Southei'nRhodesiaànd the United K:iIlgdofu:that Article 2. paragraph7; of the€hàrter' has·bèèil··invoked .by niy delegation in the,course of ,our, presentdebate'o_With respect., therefore,the aigument~:of\the'represe~tativeof Morocco'on this point fallato the' grotiJi<t . 104•.•.. Again,the rePrésentative ofMoroccodisco;ered a··. diohotoniy •. betwëen]jritish policyelsewhèreill Africa·ando>.irpolicy in relationt() S9UthernRhodé,sia, I1Ild,he.:triedtoanalysethe reasonsJor'a divergence, whièh.:J~eÎ'egàrçleda$sinister~.l'grant-the representa-- ti~e" Qf·'M0i'oPco'h1s·dichotomy. Ind~ed;.theprineipàl purpose·of Jliy speechwa$,toeXplainthatthèi dich()toiny .existed"aIld:Why'Wexisted; l\ir~'Beilhima will findthe' reas()ns:'fèlrit1nsJ:DyspeechtThey,are'prliG~ical •• ~juridi.... cal'a.nd'~.eonst1tutl()nàl.·.OU:rrelatlonshipWitiiSouthern lU1(Jdes~ais,totàllY·(1ifferentfl'OmourrelatioitshipWith, our'non.,s~~'lf"govenüng, ~~ritb.ries;..Tliere is~nothing·.r more, to iUhan that. andttiere iscertllinly nothing:sin'" 105. r a~ glad to. have had~s,"chance,ta:reassure niy Moroccan friend.,Heis.notaspectatol'at a ~niilg~ point in th~ history of Southern' Jthode$i~. Stilliess does ,he w.ltriess ,a:greà.t'divide in British colonial policy which, t CaD.,aSSUre him. continues ,tt> flow in a direçt Ihlè .frol}i'tllat. of thè imm~diatep9~t.:.w~ years. Nôr does' the parallel witl)..Algeria hqld.good. . .. '. , ~. ,. ' .. 106. Finally.. l wouldonce more,xeferthe represtmta":' tïve of MOrocco to those quotationsin my sp~ech whicl1 demonstrate"our concern.thatSouthernRhodesiasholÙd oniy proceed·to independence onthe,basil:ù)f liberalized representation. We, ~re working ;towards:thïs objectiy:e through:caref!11fnegotiation. We are in nosensehelpec;l byuntimely' re,solutions.pa~sedintheGeneralAssembly··nol",. if r ma:y ,be. allowed,to say so,'by. th~p~esent intervention in the Sec~ityCouncil. We. ar~ proce~c:l­ mg by,negoti~tion because thereisno alt~r~~tiveto proceedipg,bynegotiatf.Qn.: Whythis is sO,1 ~lll!ned in my earlier~peech. "." de dliIlçe',qu'ave.c chons prudentes. des .l'lile, l'intervention, . d~ parce J!ai. pourquol 10~~'I.sho1l1çl, n<?W. J.f I~iy~ iil~e ~ô;refer tothe.remarks made this âftemoon by the' representl:l,tiye'of Ghana on two points in my speech on Tuesday: The first relates to .the· oontr.àst whichoI.drew .. between the 'use of thewords ,"transfer" and·"xeversion". ·.Qf course, my colleague from· Ghana, is: ,quiteright in 'saying that the. report of,theVietoria Falls Conie.rence u'ses '. the word "transfer". This'use. may well have misledhim, but it does not alter thefact that.i,nthe 107. marques sentant P.i$C'ours férence et sentant rapport ,le inçluit dans' 'dernière plus' "retour"' de voirs'et territoriaux, Fédératiqn·.· 'xne!1t$ cp'nt~xt.in which l \Vas speaking wh~n l last addressed this Coup.cil, the word whiçh mostaccuratelyde$cribes t~e aotuà1proÇEl§lS is "rev~rt"ortlrf,lversion.Î1.'I:he po!nt is that ·the Victoria' E:alls Conf~rence\vas dealing with 'wnat' Iiai?peris~- bh dissolution'ofthe Féderation, fi> powel"s,;'and' asàêts .that' are to be'd1TIded attlOngst threé' separate 'terfitQriâlgo~~l:'Dine~ts,)tdoès'not deal with arrangemënts 'àpplying solel{ betwéen ,SouthernRhodesiaand the Federation:Government., I!1Rhodfll3~e Î'a~ion. lOS. As every member onhis'Counci6vm'be aware, there ·have·been -marI,ed changes .in, the·past ten years .in: thedegree.:ofconstitut1onalcon.trolexercisedbYI11Y ;Governinent in.,,relation ta,' Northern Rhodesiaa:pd 'Nyasal'and•.,In ;the· latter c'ase.~ forexampl~,~heintroduction,of;aself~governingConstitutiOp. has~e~ult~qin most of·the powersforme;rly'reservedtomy Govern~ ment, through the Go:vernoro,:passing intothe hands of lOS. .Je. gouv:erIlemeI).t, Nord coursges tauratip,n ;dap.s"le conséquence ,goU\Tf),rnemeIlt the·electedGovernm~nt'of thatcp~try.,1nrelation to 109. ' In the :case of SouthernlUlodesia, th~ powers.to be returned to the Southern Rhodesian Govermnent are,the same as.mose freely surrendered by it to ~è Federation in 1953. Reversion is therefore the most apprOprlate word inthlspartiClllar context,whichwas the cOJ:ltext in whlch.in f~ct1 used it. 110. A further point'which 1 shoUld like to make in thts connexion is that the word"tran8fer" was used in theCo~erence report in a general •sense. It was not Just confined to the disposition of powe:rs. The repo~t deals wlth sucb questions as the disposaI of physical.assets whlch ·did not exist'-before 1953. The usa oUhe word "reversion" would tlier~fore not have, been approprlate.ineVery case andin,relationto evèry terrltory mentiqned in the 1 Conference repOrt lt!ilelf; whereas "tran$fer" càn properly ~ used in a mor~ comprehensive sens~. ' ' 111. This leads me to, the seC9nd point made by the representative of G~a, and here 1 am afraid he has DOt succeeded in representing correctIy what 1.said. At' no point !Ji my speech âid 1 say that the assets, includinll the'armed force's reverting' to Southérn Rhodesla, were the.same in quantity and quàlity as those surrendered in 1953. This would be obvious non~ense. A great dealhas,. of course, been done in thé Federation ill th~ past ten years and agreat:deal hasbeen bullt up. In theèas~ of the ,armed forcès, there have, of c01,1rse, been -changes inmiUtarYequip'" ment and arms~No armedforces stand still and 1 shOuldbêthe 'last to contend that the Rhodesian Air Force' i8 not strong and 'efficient. No one ia going to tlie .expenseand trouble of keeping'up a weak and in;' efficient air force. " , 112. Thêre has also beên' some expansion ilt these forces, as therehas been, of course,.,in thearmed forces of many other Afrlcan countries. What 1 did say'was that·thepowers revertingto SouthernRhodesia werethe sa.ine às those surrendered in1é53, and ibis cannot bè challengèd. . 113. MaYI~80 on~ more correctthe represent~itve .of.G~~a on t\yo ,further I!oiÎlt~ which were incorrectly IiJta~dbYhim.l a1J1 sorry that tliis pr()~ssof mutual contradictionhasto continue, but 1 promise hilXl:that in. felatio.n toSoutbeFn Rhodesia, Jïowever gooQ his sOurceliJ 9f lnforQlation ~ay be, oUrS .l~re better. 114. .MIic:an-elected miriiste:rs were.present·.a.tthe nQ\Vfa.mtnts meeting onarmedforces. Africari-elected ministers in' Northern Rhodesia have subseqùêntly endorsed the agreement reached at Victoria Falls in ,this respect~ 115. The'fèpresentative 'ofGhana ,liasnow Slightly shlfted hlsground. iri' saylng that it ls''only,those parts of. the FeCieration anny. that areto reveX't ta Southel'DRhodesia which'Wlllbe all white. Again, 'my untierstânding Isthat he·fsstill wrong.The final dis;' position ofUllits of the Federation army has not·yet been'·.agrêed, .but thé .indications which .I:have had suggest thatAfrlcanUllits will indeed go to ~uthern 118~ 1 explained at length in my statement on 10 September [1066th meeting] and again, morebriefly, just nows why it, would be whol1y'inàppropriate for this Council to take anyaction whatsoever on' this'item. Theburden·'of· the draft resolution which ia now pres'ented to us is·contaihed in the invitatian· to Us not to trârisfer-as thé" draft 'l'esolution: puts 'it-certain powers to the SouthernRhodesiaIiGovernmentuponthe <llssolution of tQ~ FeQ~ration. 1 hopethat tpe,full ~x­ planation whic4 t have giyen of whàtià.in fact blvolved in the ..dissolutfon :of theFed~ration-and l' may .say neçessarily ,involve~-wi'l~.·inJI.~e·,i~ apparent to my colleagues that this draf~ resolûtiol) j~s~ dO,es not ref}.ect .the ,reàlities or .thé' requ1r~mentsof th~ situatiOA. ~d ~ therefore look Wlth co~ièi~~cetb, mYcolleàgu~s here for up.derstariding of ~he matter. 1 appealto·them ter reject the draft resolution which was tabledln this C9tW.-ci! Yestei'day ,and'. to decicte to taIte '~p .:turt~er ac~6n in thi~'rpatter.,·· . 119; Mr.BENIDMA (Morocco) (translated 'from French):·The'United Kingdom representative, replying ta thèreprésentative of' Ghana. said;at thebeginning of Ms· statement'thatthere was no question, whenad:" dressingthis 'Council,' of scoring debating points. l sbOuld like to assurehiIh at oneethatI have no intentionof entering irito. pOlemics, with my distinguished friend from the United Kingdom, for thât landt the l'ole of my delegation, nor' would it'acc'ord withmy own temperament or with the eJ:lteem in wbich 1 hald SfrPatrick :be/Ul.: Evep i(1 had we~glity reij,soIlEl.f9r l'~plying to bis st?temen~ àhd my replycduldhe ~ter­ preted' as polemical;." the' coUT;teày with wbich he ré- 1erred to 'the statenientÎmadeyesterday [10.67thméet- Inglwoull1 induce'm:e" accordingtogood Englishlogic':'" and if l May say so, acçording ta gOod Arab Îogfc~to r~pay his courtesy inkind. .' 120. .On the 'question of: competence, l aceeptthe ·faet that the United Kingdom hasalways maintainèdthat the Council isnot-competent to deal with this question of SOllthernRhodesia.I would merely point out that the argUments advaneed in support of this vieware based on the nature' of.the .specialrelationshipbetween the Ullited Kingdom, . and the Government '.of .southern Rhodesia. and that relationship, though perhaps valld ~ English domestic ~aw-a sy~temwhiehhasthemeri~ of,exceptional flexibility-:,simplyèânnot.as amatter of mtel'nâttonallaw, beadInittèd as èvidenee agai~st the 120;: pas défendu, la.. toutsiInpl'ement mentation fonde Royaume-Uni Sud, interne<" sO\lPle~s'e droit ~llited:Nà.ti~ns•.. ' '.: ", . .' â.l"Or~~l;lation.deEl,Natiol1s 121.· Conseil cuter Minil;!tre. port.ugais'd<:ls vinces'pOl'tugail;l.es , portugal;.Noul;!avons 1~1. .P~rt:ugal reçenUy ~aintained before: th~'Oouncil tljl!:tthi~ organization la. no,t <competent to l1iscussa ~~ttel'rela#ng'.to ,wQat the PorttIguese·Minister for Fore.ign Affl.l.irs caIJed. -Portuguese provinces under l?orttIguesé ;El()vere~gnty •.We.have :all beenpleasedthat tlj!l JJ~~t.ed' ·I<iJmdpm dele.g?-tion, however.has,notfol- 122. Sir Patnck, Dean 'has 'been good enough to en- Ughten me"regarding:the wealth of Central Afnca and the B1'itishb~iness!ciroles whi,ch controlit.lconfess that the system behind these interests is so involved that its mysteriesescapeme.lmustremindhim. hl)w- ~ver; 'that.m~y' statementyesteroay 1 specüicalJY mentioned' that theprincipal,wealth of Central Africa was 'in Northem Rhodesia,aridthat,the UnitedKingdom hallneverthèless granted iDdepèndenceto that part Central Afrlca. l.alsostated cleal"ly...1 do not recall myexact words, but. this is what 1 said in substancetha(:the method.s, e~p'loyed by the Uni.tedKingdom to s!degua~ its rlghts in Northem, RJ10desia might well ha~ .Sleryed as an exampleinducing it to do ~kewtse in Southern Rhodesia.. . .-.; 12S. "l, shduldprèfer nottocarrythe iegal cotltroversy èoncel'ning the'meaning' ôf the word "transfer" any further. 1 shall résêrve the l'ight to s~ak laterprobably tomorrow-inord~rtç» show ~th\Vhat magic qualitJ,l[ls the United KtngdC)m GOvel'nmentèndQws that tarm'mUs dom~sticrelatioils\Vith Rhodesia ahdwhat legalforée should be gi-ven to it in mtemationallaw. Î)haU. stateat once,howè~r.thattfthe word "transfer" meanS that theVi1itedKin.gdom Government has thé right. in .a terrltOry Uilderits .adminjstration.· tél cede to one sectionofthe populationthosep"Owèrs which undercolC)nia! law, andnowunder the United Nations CHarter.with:its.rec.ognition of the Upited.Klngdom's s~atusas, .an .a<bPinistering Powerï' remain· at that country's disposal,then merely to informus that that rigllt ~ been.tl"ansferredto someone is notsufficient toabsolv.e -the United Kingdomfrom its responsibility towal'ds those -who do not.:benefit.fromthe tra.nsferand who tnay-sufferll.s a result of it.· :~'. .....- i. J.24•.• As fo-t the ·co~ideI1ce ~Xpressedby a nu'ml;ler dèlegatton.s tôday regardiIig the future of. Southern Rhod~l:l,ià under the VigUanéè and'control of the United I{i~gdom, •at a. t1rn.e whe!i we are ràiElitlgdoubts' C'OI),- ce,J;plng the chàtlges e~viElaged forthatcountry~' my. ~swel',iS that'this is certainlynot;l qUestion of lack of cQiûidenèe in theUtlited Kingdoin. Its great past il;l reassui'ing factor; bu~ forgive me if Ilooktowards the future ,and saythat. jf the decision thathas been taken has not shaken ourcanfide~ceinthe UnitedKiIlgdom; l)fiers,us ,no reassuranceregarding any decisions which Ml". Winston' Field maytllkeinthefuture~I.shall Cite only. ,one example. and 1 'apologize for raisin.g this detaiI,-which' is·'significant. i~5/ t'h~ .fi];'sti~w,~n~otedbY,:M:r. Winsto~. fieJd' Gove.;rnmeilt.baréiy )b,reemollths iût~rtlleelections of .peeen.J~];'.1962, ..i.~~ntit~ed "The, ,Lilw.and .qÏ'der (M"aintenancé) "Amè4dment 'Act"'. This Act,tQ. .bègin wit~ prohibits AfIicans.amo!1kothers. froinaddress~ mg a petition to'tneUnited'Nations orcomingto'UJlited Nations He'aclquarters.If·tliefirst use MI'. willl~ton Field made of the .Cotlstit"J.tion)vhich theUJlited Kingc10mallowedhiinto Inti'ocluèe ·anc1ofthe Govern ment.set upaftertheelectionswas:an'a,ot p:rohibiting Africansfromcommtmicatitig wlth the Uriited Nations 126. 1 am prepared to associate myself with the moral attitude of those members of the Council who. in speaking this afternoon. expressed their sympathy with the United Kingdom's views. so far as confidence in the United Kingdom is concerned. Nevertheless. we have a responsibilityand a dutyto thinkalso of Africa's future; and. in my opinion. that is no less important than the confidence of Mr. Winston Field.

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