S/PV.1069 Security Council

In .accordance with previous decisions ôf the Council. 1 propose to invite the repre.... sentàtives of Mali. Tanganyika. the United Aràb Republic and Uganda ta take seats at theCouncil table. 1. mément rité, du l'Ouganda At the invitation of tbe PreSident, Mr. Sori Coulibaly (Mali), Mr. K. R. Baghdel!eh (Tanganyika). MI:. 3. The African countries maintain that the United Kingdom as the Power responsible for Southern Rhodesia i8 evadi:lg the implementation of the prin- ciples of the Charter and the pertinent decisions of the General Assembly with respect to its duties and obligations as the administering Power. They main- tain further that the United Kingdom. by refusing to carry out. those resolutions and to observe those principles. is contributing to the consolidation of racist. anti-human. anti-democratic minority in Southern Rhodesia. They also contend that a transfer of power to the white settler minority in Southern Rhodesia would entail the establishment of a new minority racist power which would very likely foUow the same policies of apartheid practised by South Africa. The principles of the Charter and the General Assembly resolutions would thereby be violated and "he political tension already prevailing on the African continent would then become a threat to international peace and security•. 4. Thlil UnitedKingdom.inturn. rejects thecharacter- ization of Southern Rhodesia as a Non-Self-Governing Ter:rltory and asserts that it cannot abide by the resolutions of the General Assembly without inter- vening unduly in the internaI affairs of Southern Rhodesia. It finaUy proclaims that any interference on the part of the United Nations at this stage would delaythe accession of Southern Rhodesia ta independ- ence. 5. 1 am fully aware that this summation can hardly be said to represent in their entirety the respective positions of the interested parties, but 1 would hope that it reflects the gist of their contentions. 6. TwO peculiar aspects of the issuecomé to our niind aSWe review the facts. On the one hand,-the Africaîl States. the champions-and rightlyso-of aspeedyprocess of decoloniza!:ion seek. so tospeak. to retard the granting of independence to a' brother State on the sanie continent. On the other hand.the United KingdomGovernment. while acknowledging its authority with regard to Southern Rhodesia, contends that it lacks the means to exert such authority. 7. To. my c:lelegation. the question of the ~tatus of Southern Rho(iesia. #s characterization as a Non- Self-Governing Territory, has ceased to be a matter of debate since the adoption by the General Assembly• with Brazil's support.' of resolution 1747 (XVI). The special ties which unite Southern Rhodesia to the United Kingdom no doubt contain anelement of artificialïty wlli.ch, for that matter. is present in the relationships between other colonial Powers and the territories. ~der tlleir j~isdiction. In this very element l'esides the. peculial'ity ofthe Briiishlx),sition. And 1 should add. in aU respect, that the same artiticiality obscures the understanding. of the.issue and is of no avail in its solution. . CO!r'~'"Ditteefsfindings: ..irst, the 1961 Constitution-an act alien to the consent of the large majority of the people of Southern Rhodesia-denies the rights of 3 million Africans and through its complicated system of rolls and fra..'lchises makes it possible for the power of the white settler minority to bacome en- -trenched; secondly, elections wera held under that Constitution in December 1962 in disregard of the resolutions of the General Assembly and despite the opposition of the African political parties; thirdly, the white settler minority voted alone and, of course, won alone; fourthly, the elected party reinforced the system of compulsory racial discrimination,widening further the gap between the African population and the white settler, minoritYi füthly, the nature and size of the military power assembled by the Federatiol1would seern to be beyond the neeçls of internal security and external defence. ment~.tion de élections de l'Assemblée partis la l'a le gissant la nature pied de 10. These facts are undoubtedly a cause of anxiety to the African States and can explain their present attitude. They are equally a cause of grave concern to my delegation. While it is undeniable that they do not as yet constitute an acute threat to international peace and security, there is no doubt that ail the in- gredients of a highly explosive situation are ta be' found therein. It is a colonial problem whose core contains a distasteful elementofracial discrimination, with overtones of foreign economic encroachment and the inipending use of physical coercion. 10. xiété leur grave niable grave cependantinconstestable ments -Il élément marque menace 11. Ailow me to l'Jint out a final peculiarity of this problern. The conduct reqUired of the tJnited Kingdom by the African States amounts in essence to an act of confidence in the political wisdom of the United King- dom itself. We share that confidence. The statement made before the Council by the representative of the United Kingdom confirms us in. the belier that his Govel"nment tsasinterested as we are in finding the right answer to the peaceful, orderly and equitable accession of Southern Rhodesia to independence. But our trust is placed in the United Kingdom alone and goes no further. 11. larité. Uni cains sagesse confiance Uni Gouvernement trouver dUSu<:I. harmonieusem,~ntà fiance 12. In the light of theseconsiderations,mydelegation Will vote in favour of the draft resolution submitted bYGhana, Morocco, and the Philippines [S/5425/ Rev.l]. 12. de marocaine

The question before us was submitted to the Security Council by.thirty-two AfricanStates Members of the United Nations and consists essentially of a request to the Security Council that, in order .ta .safeguard the peace an~ security of Africa, 13.M. l'espagnol]: portée africainsM~mbres Unies; la session. chap. du 14. We listenedvery attentively tothe statements of the distinguished s~akerswho precededus. especially the brilliant· •and comprehensive statements of the representatives of Ghana and the UnitedKingdom,who set forth with absolute·clarity. from bQththe legal and practical standpoints, theirrespective views on' the problem. 15. It ·is a clear and undisputedfact that the. Constitution .now in force in.Southern Rhodesia discriminate.s between. the. white minority. which represents lessthan a tenth of the territory's population, andthe ~astn,on-white indigenous majority s disre'g!U'ding the !attèr's most eleinentaryrights; thatunder this Constitution public authority ean Ül fact· be exercised only by the wlùte minority; that the.present Government of .Sôuthern Rhodesia. headed. by .Mi'•.Winston Field. qefends. and .practises apartheid; that under theagreementsconcluded lastJuly at Vict.oria Falls, whentheFederation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is diss6lved,its three components will become separate entities again;" that eaêh' of these components will recovElr'-thearmed .forces .ii possElsse4before the ..Federl:j.l;ion was formed; and that.accordingly. the Govern,mentofSouthern Rbodesiawill have at it~ diSpoSlll the forçes •it .contributed to the Federation ~ci willbe ableto use them for internaI purposes. 16•. Theaeneral 'AsseIribly, in ..j.ts resolution .1760 (Xvn).of. 31 .October 1962. termedthe. situation in ::louth~rn.Rhodesiaexplosiveand asked that elections shouldnotbeheld under the discriminatory ConstitutiOn of 1961. Despite' this. electionstookplace, against the:\Vishes· of the Airi9an 'majority. and resulted in tile .. establishment of a .Government which opehly. a.dv.ocà~sapartheid.TheSPElcial Committee. in a rel;Ç)lution .adoptedon20 June 1963;JJ.asserted that the'situatioll..in.Southern .~hodesia hM become aggravated andcQnstituted a threat to internationalpeace an,cisecurity.More9ver, the.aeneral Assembly lÛ- firmed. in' resplu.tion .1747 .(XVI) of 28 June 1962that -tl:l.eTerritory of.Southern. Rhodesia. was a'Non-Self- Gove:J;'QiIig Territory within the meaning of Qhapter XI Qfthe Cbarter.of the United Nations. 17•..•.• Venezuela,'voted infavour. of alltheseresolutions alldinsodoingindic~tedits viewthat the situation in Southêrn Rhodesiarepresenteda threat tQpeaceand .securit)' in the African continent. Further.our support for GelleJ:'al Assembly resolutiQn1747 (XVI) clearly sh.owedth;1t Venezuela consideredSouthern Rhodesia tobea Non-Self-GovElrning Territorywithin·the meaning pf Chaptal' Xlofthe Charter. . 18. Tt.·is obvious •• that tl:l.e .• situationprevaiJ.jng,.in Soutilern. Rhodesiaas a result of the discriminatory treatment· weted.outto the Africanmajority'.is .becQ!lling more ominous 'today with the prospeet that y Jbid., para. 282. 20. 'Mr. NIELSEN (Norway).: Barely a year~d ahali aga the question ofSouthern Rhodesia was raisedfor the fil'st time in the United Nations. Tue Norwegian delegation then [1121st plenary meeting] expressed cOIlfidence that the United Kingdom wouldguide the development in Central Africa towards a peaceful and order.1y solution Which would take due account of the legitimatepolitical desires of the population and of the principles of human rights embodied in-the United Nations Charter. The events that haye taken place in ,the ensuing period have shown that the UnitedKingdom was worthy, of the trust. The decision to dissolve tl~e Federation of Rhodesia andNyasalandhasalready been made. The territories ofNorthernRhodesiaandNyasa.. landappl'oach complete independencein the near future. However. Great Britain's task is not yet com.. pleted. since the. most difficq.lt problem. thato~the future of Southern Rhodesia. still hasfoundno solution in accordance with the ~Chai'ter principles., But with regard ta this problem the Norwegian delegation attaches importance to the United Kingdom statement to the effect that the question of a broad.ening of the basis of representation wouldhave to beraisedbefore the matter of independencefor SoutherIî<Rhodesia wouldbe dealt with. 21. Norway has Îull understandingfor the anxie.ty which is feltby African States because of the impending transfer of military forces to theGovernment',f Southe:rn Rhodesia. Againstthe backgroundofthepolicy , Qf the',.present,GOvernment ofSouthern lUiodeàia.we realize that the circumstance thatthis Governmentwill be. given controlovel' a considerable military power giveS legitimate rellPûn for anxiety in' Africa. we can. 'therefore. understil.nd th~ reasons which l1a.ve led the. African. Memper States ta bring, this matter before the 'Security. Council.and •we •recognize' that they strongly feel,. that the SecuritYCOQI1Ci~ should warn '. Great Britain against, the,consequences Which may ensue froniputtingthe military forces atthe disposai of SoutherhR.hodesia. 22. The Norwegianattitude to the general qQestio!l of Southern Rhodesia is clear. We votédfor resolution 176Q(XVll) "during the·seventeenth session of the General Asseznbly•• which, requested the Government of, the United Kingdom to takethenecessarymeasures to secure. inter alia. the sUlspension ofthe Constitution of 1961, thecanvening of anew constitution~l conference. and,the extension of basicpoliticalrights ta the whole population,of the territory. . .droits 24. Itis the view of the Norwegian Government that it would have been preferable if the debate in the Security Council and, the decision of the Councilhad been limited ta dealing with the plans to place'armed forces at the disposaI of the minority Government of Southern' ~hodesia. We feel that the Implementation of these plans may have an undesirable influence on political developments in Southern Rhodesia, âild we furthermore hoid that it cannot be excluded thatsuch astep might lead to international friction in the area, withinthe meaning of Article 34 of the Charter. We are thusof the opinion that' the Security Council is entitled to. exa.mine this aspect of the Southern Rhodesian. question and· to pass such a resolution as wo~d .appear suitable .in·accordancewith Chapter VI of the .Charter. 25. Weshare the viewpoint expressed by the representative of the United .States and otherS that the United Kingdom has spécial influence in Southern Rhodesia. In common with the United States we hope that the United Kingdom will make fUll use of this influence. to achieve a peacefulsolutionofthe problems in .Southern Rhodesia in accordance with the provisions of the Charter. We would tberefore address afriendly appeal to the UnitedKingdom Government to utilize a.U existing possibilities in this <:!irection. 26. It will appear from what 1 have sàid that the Norwegi.an. delegation has certain misgivings with regard to the eù'aft resolution'tabledby the delegations of G.hana.,. Morocco andthe Philippines[S/5425/Rev.l). We would .have preferred the operative part of the draft resolution·ta be limited ta an invitation to thé United Kingdom Government not to placearmedforces at the disposal of the Southern Rhodesiart Government atthistime.. Inline with this· view, we wouldhave welcomed it even more if the' Britishauthol'itieshad found it. possibleto declare that the planned handing'- ovel' ofthese forces would be postponed, inanycase untiJ: the forthcomingGenel'al Assembly \Vould have had an opportunity to consider.the question ofSouthern Rhodesia•. If that had beenthecase,therewould, in our vieW,. be'no needforaresolutionbythe··Council. Onthe other band, we are satisfied to note that the sponsors of the resolution did not include any criticism of the

As there are no more speakers on my Hst, I propose now to speak as a member of the deJ.egation of the PHILIPPINES whichhas co-sponsored the draft resolution [S/5425/Rev.l] before the Council. 29. As an item before the United Nations, the question of Southern Rhodesia is a relatively new one. Nevertheless, viewed in.terms of the explosive dangers with which it is fraught, the question is on a par with other challenging and stubbornissues involvedin coloniallsm and racism which have long seized the attention of the world Orgamzation. 30. What, in general, is the situation in Southern Rhodesia? On the one hand. we have an indigenous people who, while beset by odds and difficulties, but assured of th!;' support of fNends, have determined to regain their rightful ple.ce in their own land. On the other hand, we find a small minority of settlersbent on retaining their rule and imposing their policies at all costs. policies which many consider to be somewhatracist. Hence. we have a minority-barely 6 per cent of the population-entrenched in power and authority over the other 94 per cent of the inhabitants of Southern Rhodesia, or a native majority subject to a powerful minority. 31. In SouthernRhodesia. vve find an administering Power which· can well be the key to the solution of the problem. but has maintained a position up tC' now which I:las rendered ineffective the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the collective conscience of an overwhelming majority of the wol'ld forum. Although the Africans in Southern Rhodesiahad long suffered from variousforms of discrimination and deprivation of rights in th;;ür own country at the hands of the European settlers, the present situation in that country may loosely be considered to havebegunwhen the United Kingdom granted the territory a new Constitution datee! 6 Oecember 1961. 32. In view of this. at the ·second pàrtofits sixteenth session, the GeneralAssemblyconsideredthequestion· of Southern Rhodesia as an urgent matter inview of the grave and potentially explosive situation hl that country. On 28 June 1962 it adopted resolution 1747 (XVI) in whichit :r.equestedthe AdministeringAuthority' inter alla f,c. convene immediately a constitufional conference. to drait a constitution which would ensure the rights of' suffrage on the basis of "one man, One vote"; to restore aH rights of the non-European population; and to grant amnesty to politicalprisoners. 34. On 31 October 1962 the General Assembly, after listening to the nationalist leaders who appeared a3 petitioners, and in continuing its efforts to remedy the worsening situation in the territory, adopted resolution 1760 (XVII), reiterating its previous resolutions. In this resolution, the Acting Secretary-General was a1so requested to lend his good offices to promote conciliation among the various sections of the population. The adoption of that resolution by anoverwhelming majority-81 in favour .to 2 against, with. 19 abstentions-had raised hopes on thepartofmy delegation and on the part of many others that the United Kingdom would reconsider its position and take advantageof the good offices ofthe Secretary-Geliera1 to exercise its prerogatives over the Southern RhodesianGovernment along the lines adopted by the United Nations. 35. However, what followed was a disappointment. The Constitution, as calledfor in the Assembly resolution, .was not. suspended, but came into force instead on 1 November 1962, the day after the adoption of the résolution. The elections were not canceUed as caUed for in tb:e resolution, but were held on 14 December 1962,resulting.in a .new settler-controUed Government. 36. In the sta.tement· of the Philippine delegation in the Fourth Committi:le on 25 October 1962,Y during the generaI liebate on thisquestion, we stressedthe necessity of calling off the scheduled elections. We saili .that that. was •.essential· becausethe holding of suc.h elections would render the solutionof the question m,o:re difficultto. achieve•. Our concern has been more thanGQnfirllli:lliby subsequentevents. Thi:l elections had broughtintClpo",er a new Government whose polïcies all<l actuations, .according to the report of the. Special C()mn;rltt.ee, intensifiedri:lpressive measures andharsh legisla#on. 37.. Jn.thefaci:l. of aU ..this, and in spite oftalks in I.londonbytwo sub-committees. of .the Special Commj,tti:l~,the aliministeringPower bolds oh to the posit~onthat.Southern Rh()di:ll3~aisnot a non-selfg;ovi:l~ningtel';ritQl'Y, invokinga,conventioll under which ifCallilotintèrvelle in the interllal .affairs of the ti:lr;r+wry. a,ndlienying the competi:l.nceoLthi:l.{]nited NaH9nst9 ifttervelli:l.intheq\l~l3tion•.AU the~eclaims n.a.yei be,en li:lngtbilY<liscussedoll PfeyiouflOccasions Çj.p,di tl1l:};r~l3P'luttClllsa.dOJ?~ed, by.the •. G~lleral A.ssembly .~1ld.l>~~~.Spe9ial.•Çomlllitt~eG()nstituteI?olid~vidi:lnce t~tth~,cla.il ..nl3 .a.ren9t. CQI1;side;redtena.Pl~.by .the Vlii'fEi<:iNatii:>lls. .' . . . '. b'See Qfficm~Recoi-d$Qi tile GeneralAss~ml1ly. SeventeenthSession, FQUI:th Committee, l360th meeting. 39. Reliable information in the possession ofthefour Governments, which requested the convening of the Security Council on this question, shows that the Admüùstering Authority proposed to put powerful armed forces under the independent command of the Southern Rhodesian Government. My delegationagrees with the four Governments that the transfer or the reversion of these forces, as you may rhetorically chclose, to a colonial administration over which the Un:..ted Kingdom Government claims to haveno control, ltwould constitute a most serious threat to the security of the African Continent andmightwellinvolve a threat to world peace ll [S/5382, para. 17]. 40. It will be recalled that the Summit Conference of Independent African States at Addis Ababa reaffirmed "its support of the African nationalists of Southern Rhodesiaft and solemnly declared ftthat if power in Southern Rhodesia were to be usurped by a racial white minority govel'nment, States Members of the Conference would lend their effective moralandpractical support to any legitimate measures which the African nationalist leaders might devise for the purpose of recovering such power and restoring it to the African majorityll. Under these circumstances, the . transfer of the powerful armed forces to the Sonthern Rhodesian Government would be tantamount to Lringing about the explosion of an ftexplosive situation ft• 41. My delegation continues to believe thatthe United Kingdom Government holds the key to the peaceful solution of this question. We are therefore appealing to that Government to reconsider its position. The drait resolution we are now considering would, in our considered judge~ent,be a good turning-point. 42. The Philippine delegation supported resolution 1745 (XVI). My Government was one of those that requested the consideration of the question ofSouthern Rhodesia at the second part of the sixteenth session of the General Assembly. My delegation supported resolutions 1747 (XVI) and 1755 (XVII), and cosponsored resolution 1760 (XVII). In this Council my delegation is prepared to support anyconstructive and effective measures that would bring about a peaceful solution of ~he problem, taking into account the legitimate interests of an concerned and particularlythose of the indigenous people of Africa. 43. We have in Southern Rhodesia a situation of vital importance to the historical process of our times; in fact, it is part and parcel of it. This must be faced, but faced realistically. We can only denyor even evade it at the risk of serious disruption in our l'esponsibiUties. 44. Tt is in this context that the Philippines has decided to co-sponsor thedi'aft resolution before us.

The representative ofth(;) United Kingdom has .asked the Chair to allowhim ta speak Mforethe voting takes place. 1 therefore callupon the United Kingdom representative. 47. The Council wiU remember thatbefore the agenda was adopted l protested against the inscription of the present item on the grounds that there was nothing in the so-called "question of Southern Rhodesia ft which could justify under the provisions of the Charter a debate here at the present timl~. l did not, however, formally object to inscription. The debate was opened [l064th meeting] with a comprehensive and, if l may say so, very able speech by the representative of Ghana. explaining and supplementing the long and elaborate memorandum [S/5403 and Corr.l] which his delegation had circulated some weeks earlier. l shaH recall the ostensible reasons put forward by the Government of Ghana in this memorandum fo;r bringing Southern Rhodesia to this Council. 48. These reasons are threefold. The Government of Ghal1a charges that my Government has not abided by certain General Assembly resolutions on Southern Rhodesia. that the explosive situation in -Southern Rhodesia has been aggravated and that the Rhodesia and Nyasaland Act has been enacted. May l for the last time dispose of these arguments? 49. The first relates to our non-compliance with General Assembly resolutions. Here l need onlyemphasize yet again that it is no part of this Couneil's funetions toaet as a sort of general enforcement ageney for the Assembly, and the representGtive of Ghana has found nothing in the Charter to assert the contrary. The second argument is that the situation described by the Special Committee as explosive has been aggravated. We say that the situation is not explosive. that nothing has aggravated U. and that SouthernRhodesia is tranquil. No evidence has been prod\,lced tochallenge thiscontention except the opinion of a sub-committee of the General Assembly. The third point in the Ghanaian argument is that the passage of the Rhodesia and Nyasaland Actwillenable the· British Government to transfer to Southern Rhodesia almost. every attribute of sovereignty and independence. l have explained to tl;le point. l fear. of wearying you.Mr. President, tha.t itcannot bear this construction. that U changesnothing. and that it advances the status of Southern Rhodesianot at aU. 51. May 1 just take one example? The speech of the representative of Ghana and the Ghanaian memorandum contained a number of statements about the legal and constitutional relationslùp cf my Government, the Government of the Federation, and the Government of Southern Rhodesia. 1 took special pains to explain the truth about this relationslùp which, 1 am the first to admit, is somewhat compleXa In consequence, the case of the Ghanaian delegation so far as it rested on tlùs issue has, in my submission, been dîsposed of, and 1 have noted that the subsequent speakers have more or less admitted as muchand have attempted to justüy such support asthey feell inclined to give to the Ghanaian contentions on the ground that whatever tlùs constitutional relationslùp may be, it cannot affect international law or the Charter of the United Nations. That, of course, is a sweeping statement wlùch is clearly easy to make, but it does not afford a sufficient basis for taking action in tlùs Council wlùch cannot be justüied under the Charter. What perhaps is even worse is that it takes no account of the inescapable political realities which govern so, much of our constitutional relationslùp with Southern Rhodesia. 51. vention ghanéen concernant nelles Gouvernement de efforcé qui, complexe. de les plus 1'appui en constitutionnelles, droit Il fournir prenne politiques large Rhodési.e 52. 1 went as far as 1 did in answering the detailed points contained in the Ghanaian memorandum and in the statements of the representative of Ghana and some other representatives here because i thought it right to explain to the members of the Council nüt only the legal and constitutional issues involved, but also in order to show that there was no situation in Southern Rhodesia which would justify the Council taking action under Chapter VIol' Chapter VII of the Charter. ventions j'ai du nels tait 53. 1 know that several members of this Council and, indeed, many Members of this Organization as a whole are deeply concerned at the implications involved in the present proceedings and are farfrom satisfied that there is sufficient justification, either legal orfactual, for thÎl~ debate. Now that the Council isàbout to take a vote, r would ask all my colleagues l'ouM this table toweigh carefullythe consequences of goingeven further and of placingthis Council in the position of purporting to.take action in a matter for which there is no proper justification. d'ailleurs, fication 54. Rhodésie trentaine de tion 54. Therealissues here are. simple.In1953 Southern Rhodesia" which !lad by then for some thirty, years beenself-governing, transferred certain pOWE:lrs of itsown .consent to the.Government of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Ten yearlS lateroas a 55. Now, 1 can wIderstand very well that some delegations who have definite views about what should be donf; about Southern Rhodesia are unhappy about this. But nothing has bean done or is being contemplated which can remotely justify the intervention of the Security pouncil on the grounds that peace is being threatened. Indeed, very few l'epresentatives here have seriously attenIpted to pro,,"e that there is any threat to the peace involved; and nobody in fact is being threatened at ail. 1 assume that most of my colleagues have seen the comments of the leaderwriter in The New York Times this morning on this debate. At the most, there have been sorne hypothet~ca.l and remote insinuations that these forces might be used in a way which would be against the wishes of some delegations. 1 do not admit this for a moment; but even if it were true, it is still no justification whatever for action L') the Security Oouncil wIder the Charter. 56. What, then. is left? An empty initiative by the Government of Ghana and a misdirected and futile resolution. It is worse than that. it is a destructive resolution. 1 have warned the Counoil of the likely effects of Security CowlCil intervention at this stage. The delegations which have brought this matterbefore us, however, clll.im to know better and advance the extraordinary thesis that they are trying to help us in our dealings with Mr. Field. 1 beg them to believe that inthis they are quite wrong. 57.1 have said, Ml'. President. that you and your colleagues havebeen very patient, and Ihope that you do not think that your patience has been misplaced. You will surely agree that it is not right, nor in the interest of the peoples of the world. thatthis Council. which is the highestbodyfordealingwithpeace, should be wrongly used for political motives. It would have been far better!f we had had no debate at all; but the debate. has taken place and wehave all spoken. 1 am bound now to tell my colleagues with aIl the authority that Tcan command that they willincrease the damage and weaken the authority ofthis Council by voting for aresolution. To do So cm do no good a.t all and may weIl. as 1 say. havemost unhappy consequences. What has beeri sald hère already will be noted by all our 59. The main issue which we have raised here is that, for over forty years, Southern Rhodesia has been enjoying a kind of spurious self-government; and this self-government was imposed on the majority of the African population by the United KingdomGovernment which, in calling for a plebiscite, did not take into account the large majority of African inhabitants of that territory. . 60. Apart from that, in spite of the efforts which the General Assembly and other friends of the United Kingdom have made to get the United Kingdom to move in the directionwhich it has fol1owed in other parts of Africa and Asia, it is still not considerLL the position and is not using its influence on the minority Government of Southern Rhodesia. 61. Our third contention is that this minority Government is going to be possessed of a very powerful air force and the major part of the army of the Federation, and the representative of the United Kingdom himself agreed with me when he said yesterday: "At no point in my speechdidl say that the assets, including the armed forces reverting to Southern Rhodesia, were the same in quantity and quality as those surrendered in 1953. This would be obvious nonsense. ' A great deal has, of course, been done in the Federation in the past ten years and a great deal has been built up. In the case of the armed forces, there have, of course, been changes in military equipment and arms. No armed forces stand still and l should be the last to contend that the Rhodesian Air Forée is not strong and efficient. No one is going to the expense and trouble of keeping up a weak and inefficient air force." [1068th meeting, para. 111.] This is the air force andthis is the army which is being transferred to a minoritygovernment whichhas a record of oppression, of brutality, against the African majority. Therefore, the issue here is not one of juridical processes. It is a human problem, it is a politicalproblem, and we think that the United Kingdom is inaposition toinfluence eventsill Southern Rhodesia. 62•. Lastly, Ml'. President, l am sure you will agree with me that a decision of the Security Council does not depend on the editorial of a newspaper. Tt may please the representative of the United Kingdom, but The New York Times cannot dictate to the Council.

1 have only one WQrd. It is about Mr.Quaison-Sackey's last remark about The New York Times. He used the word. 1 think. "ins:pired" in relation to today's article. If by that.· MI'. Quaison-Sackey means that 1 inspired it. he credits me•. alas, with an influence and an authority which to my sorrow 1 do not possess.

Therebeing no other speakers, the Security'Council will nQw proceed to vote on the joint draft resolution submitted by Ghana. Morocco and the· Philippines [S/5425/Rev.l]. ' A vOte wastaken byshow ofhands; In favour: Brazil, China. Ghana. Morocco. Norway. philippines. Union of SoViet Socialist Republics. Vênezuel~ Against: United Kingdomof .. Grèat Britain and Northe.rn Ir~land. Abstaîning:. France. United States of America. The re$ultOf the vote' was 8 in favour, 1 against, with2abstentions. the .diaff i'esolution was not· adopted~ one of the Il~gative votes being thatol a permanent member of the.Council. . 65. The. }?RESIDENT:Three represent~tives have â$ked to speak after the vote and 1 will therefore give them the floor in turn. 66~SirPatrickpEAN(UnitedKingdom):WhatI have to.saYat this stage C!1Pbe verybrief. From.my earlier st~tëments, indee.d from aIl· that. ltas. been said by :BritilShl\llIÏisters ànd. spokesme.n on this matter. it will havebeénapparent t()members of the CQuncil that my.Goverrunent regarQs the orderlydis$olution Qf the. Federation at;; a sine ql.la nQnfor further progress in Central Africa•. In this we have the ready agreement .pf the four Governments concerned•. We areentirely.c()nvincèd tllat these processes nowunder way.wouldbe irretr.ievably damagèdwere we to accede to ,thedemands wlilch have been made not to permit thereyersi()nof powers to the GovernmentofSouthern Rhodesia.. 67.InthéElecfrcumstances. my Government was f~ced.w.ith tÎ1e~ltel'n;ltive either pfallO\vingtqepresent dl:'lÛt .. resol~Uoll. to .pass .IlIld..then .lJeingobliged. to ~n()unce:tq~twemust ref~Elewhat the SêcurityCouncil ll.a,dinvited usto 4().o:r.alternativelY. to castanega,- tivevptea,nd thu$ens~re.tpattJ:1e~ec1!rity.Council rejectstb.1$ drlÛt resQlution•. Aftercareful.tll()lJght. we .ha,ve,come.·••t<)·tqe.ç()nClusion ·that the' second of thesecciurses w()uldbe'them()rehonest. , ~ -:" . :-. _.-....• -...•.-.- -. -' ..:.- .- "-.'>:-.-.: :.-' -, :.': -: '.: < ", "-~ ." . ;.- '. - . • Ei&~:Fillally.thea:ritish <Qovernment .hasalways recogp12;ed,>,th~tpo:;sessi(m of. the power of vet() places .a,:very,qeliJ.~·rèsIlonsilliHtyonthoseMembers .'~,tqe lIllitedNations'iwhqPOtsse$sit. We'w()uld'never 'lI.ayeheeng;rj.ventQ1,1.seU.e,xcept inthemostcom,. pelling.cirCUtnstl,mces.lmiist. st~.te thatthe.ci:rCUtn'" 70. My delegation expresses its gratitude' to the delegations of Brazil, Venezuela, Soviet Union, Norway, China, Morocco and the Philippines. The vote which the majority passed here was a vote against minority rule. It was a vote against the transfer of powers to a racist undemocratic goverIlment. It was a vote in favour ofgentle pressures on the United Kingdom not to deviate from its declared path of granting independence to its colonies. 71. The Çouncil debate has not been a waste of tinie. Our warnings have not.been taken as the ravings of Cassandra. We have spoken. 72. Mr. BENHIMA (Morocco) (translated from French): 1 should like to associate myself with what my friend, the .representative of Ghana, has' just said. It is indeed regrettable~andthis is the mildest term that C3.l1 be used in the circumstances-th:lt the privilege of the veto should have been exercised in such an important matter. At the same time, the positive votes of those members of the Council who supported the draft resolution showed clearly the moral value to be attached to such a decision in thè Council.This ",il1 not escape the attention of liberal opinion throughoût the world and 1 am sure that the Power which ûsed ïtsright of veto will not fail to draw the appropriate conclusions from it. . 73. Itls véry difficult to refJ.'âinfrom m.aking another observation ,afteJ.',this morning's vote. Looking at the list of delegations which supportedthe draftresolution before t11e Council, we have good reason to note, once again, that on a colonilll problem the. alignment of opinion isvery significant. For a longtime wehave feIt that thisalignment is no longer as rigid as it was in the past and that the anti-colonial struggle isIlow winning the more, or less definite su:pportof Powers which in the past were clearly colonial Powers and were for a long time in the forefront of the struggle. against the freedom of the peoples. 1 should therefore like' once again to thankthose delegations which supported this draft. résolution. 74. When theGenetalAssemblyadQpted 1>Y'lln overwheIIllingmajorîty, .resolution 1747(4V!) on this subject at the second. part of its sixtsenth session lastyear[1l21st plènary meeting], rmyselfexplained in the Assembly that the vote 'should beinterpreted as an appealto the United Kingdombefdre an irrevocabledecision was taken;Only yesterday, in a friendly exchange of views 'with Sir·Patrick Dean, 1 explained that wehadnot lost coÎÛidence in the United Kingdom, butthat the interpretation.we wished to give to the 75. Unfortunately. this morning. this appeal has been rejected. Sir Patrick Dean also rejected yesterday what he caUed the "accusations" in the Moroccan delegation's statement. The· faet is that wehadformed our opinion in aU good faith and were prepared, in aU good faith. to be convinced by the United Kingdom delegation and any other delegations which want show their sympathy with the United Kingdom; we should doubtless have modified our attitude considerably if we had received such assurances. 76. Our confidence in aU Sir PatrickDean's declaratièms before the Councilremains unimpaired. Unfortunately, if today, after the use whichhasbeen made a transfer and with aU the prospects which are becoming more and more clear to us, the United Kingdomrejects the authority of the Council'sdecision, we must' conclude that it does not wish to recognize that .authorityand, if it does not wish it. that is because it does not want its parliamentary opinion or its . Government to '.exert a good influence on the SoutherIi Rhodesian G6vernment-and Sir Patrick has beengood ènoughto assure us ofthe United Kingdom's good faith-which might be salutary. 77. Whatéver our feelings of bitterness, this is not Mrica's first setback in such problems. There were years. alas, when even' without the use of the veto decisions whichwould have been beneficial for Africa have faUed of adoption. 78, But Africa has chosen its path. l am sure that it will.bepossible for. this 'path to be followed with the lastcolonial .Power in' Mrica., in the same spirit co-operation which that Power has' shown during recent years. If this should not be the case, however, 1 am fully .authorized by the ,delegations of Mali, Tanganyika. Uganda and the United Arab Republic, thérnselves delegated by thirty-two African States, to declare that Aftica will not 'l'est content with this final '. décision; it will continue the strugglè. The councn .has on 'several occasions decided in its favourand Africastill hasfaithintheworld organizati6n. 1 must say, in aIl sincerity. that w~ think that the' situation can still be remediéd. 79. ,Mr. :FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (tra,Îlslated from Russian): The Soviet delegationfeè~s bOund to express its profolÛld regret at c:-the fact that, becauseof the position takenby the Vniteq 'I<îIlglÎorn., it was not poss;ible for. the Security Counciltoadopt a resolution. designed to prevent évents in Southern Rhodesia from developing in a way which wouldbedangerous for the cause of peace and to.· protect thelawful. aIidinalienable rights of the Afticanpe.ople 'living in this tertitoi'y. 80. ..This. i5 all ,the more regrettable since the draft resolution submittedby .Ghana, . Morocco and the Philippineswhlchhll;S justbeen putto the vote qu.tte tn0cterate' in ,chara.êterand, as wehave·already pointed out,representsthe Jeast which theSecurity (JouIlcllmust <do in the prevailingCircumstances. . 8'3. There isnot and cannot be any doubt that the just and rightful cause of the peoples still groaning under the yoke of colonial bondage will ultimately triumph completely. Although the Security Councilwas unable to adopt a positive resolution, the very fact that the question subrIlittedby the African countries has been discussed has drawn the attention of the Whole world to the fact that in Southern Rhodesia a small handful of racists andcolonialists, with the blessing of the United Kingdom, intends to use force' in order to usurp power and suppress the drive of millions of Africans for national liberation and, independence. 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