S/PV.1079 Security Council

The President has received requests from the represe~tatives of Madagascar, Tunisia, Portugal, Liberia and Sierra Leone to take part in the Council's discussion of the question which has just been included in our agenda. 2. If there is no objection, 1 propose, in accordance with the usual practice, to invite the representatives of.· these countries to take places at the Council table and to participate, without the right to vote, in the discussion of this question. A t the. invitation of the. President, Mr. Albert SyIIa (Madagascar), Mr. Mongi SIim (Tunisia), Mr. Vasqo 'V. Garin (Portugal), .Mr. Rudolph Grimes (Liberia) ~d Mr. John Karefa-Smart (Sierra Leone) tookplaces at the Council table.

At the conclusion of the Council's previous consideration of the question of the situation in the territories under Portuguese administration, the Council adopted a resolutionat its meeting on 31 July 1963•.Y This resolution, amongotherthings, requested the Secretary-'General to report to the Council by 31 October 1963. The report of the Secretary-General is now before the Council [S/5448 and Add.1-3]. 4. On 13 November 1963, twenty-nine African repre- Sentatives addressed a letter [S/5460] tothe President of the Council requesting the convocation of a meeting to consider the Secretary-General's report. Accordingly, today's meeting has been convened. 5. The agenda which has just been adopted includes the report Of the Secretllry-General and the letter requesting its consideration. In addition, 1 would like to draw the attention of the members to a letter dated 3 necember 1963 from the President of the General Assembly transmitting th!,! text of resolution 1913 (XVITI) adopted by the General Assembly on 3 December on the question of the territories under Portuguese administration. The text of that letter and of the General Assembly resolution have been circulated to the members of the Council [S/5470]. 6. The first speaker on my list is the representative of Liberia, on whom 1 now call. 7. Ml.'. GRIMES (Liberia): Once again fexpress appreciation for having been permitted to participate in the li Qffidal Records of the SecuritY Council, Eighteenth Year, Supplement for JulI, August and September1963, document S/5380. 9. Because of the exhaustive discussion of this matter during its previous consideration by the Council at the meetings in July 1963, there seems ta be no need to repeat these arguments, and 1 shall therefore confine myself as much as possible ta the report of the Secretary-General. He has already reported to the Council the steps he took to ensure the implementation of the resolution. 10" Representatives will observe that the Secretary- General initiated cont3,~ts, in whichnine MricanStates paI1icipated on the one side and Portugal on the other, on 17 October 1963 in his office. On behalf of my co!leagues and myself, and of aIl the Mrican States, 1 wish to express my sincere appreciation to him for this initiative. 10. taire contact d'une lieu de qu'au exprimer ciements 11. n'en Au affaires 'sur rapport 11. These contacts were exploratory but, in our opinion, quite revealing. In the second meeting the Portuguese Foreign Minister expressed his view on self-determination as quoted from the record in the Secretary-General's report: "There remainf,1d the burning question of selfdetermination, which he believed was a very important one. The point at issue appeared to be not so much as to the question of self-determination, but as to agreement on a valid definitio~ of the concept of self-determination. Frankly,Portugal was "The position of the Portuguese Government on the· question of self-determinationhadbeen officially stated by Prime Minister Salazar in .an interview with Life magazine in 1962. It was interesting that this statement had been overlooked during debates on this question. but it wasvery important and meaningful'. This statement presented Portuguese policy in a very different light to that presented in statements made in the United Nations. "To Portugal. self-determination meant the consent of the people toacertainstructure and.political organization. Itcame aboutbyparticipationin administration and byparticipation i.'lpoliticallife. Portu- ... gal submitted that when in any givencountry the population. participated in administrative matters at aIl levels and in politicallife at aIllevels. then the population wasparticipating. in decisions regulating the country's affairs and decisions affecting the life of that country. This was what was happeningin Portugu~se.territories. The basic realities were there and he. was sadly surprised thatstatements on Portuguese policy didnotcorrespond withthefacts.Thepopulationin Portuguese territories participated in the e~ections for, and. were electedtO, the "Regedorias". thel,\funicipal Councils, the LegislativeCouncils. the economic.. and Social Çouncils. t}:le. National Assembly., the. Corporative Chamber .and the Overseas Councib They. part!cipated indiscussions, notcnlyon ânYgiYen territqry, but·on.matters pertaining tothe .,overallState. This represented thefree expresSlion of thë'wishesand will of thèpopulationand their p~rtiÇlÏ'pation.inadministratiori and in politièal life ofthèterritory." [8/5448. para.n.l . 12~. The' .African .States cO!Ild .not .and.cannotacèept this~nterpretationof"self-cteterniination",becauseif .tlli!'!, interpretationwere accepted .it.wouldin effect tn~ànthatPortitgalhàdalreadyappliedthe.· rightof ~êlf-determinàtîontoits.'territoi'ies. Wetherefore reqùested'qiarificationof the.l?ortuguese Foreign Mini.ster'Slstaiement,andso didtheSe~retary-Œ:meral.The .'çla.r~jCati<;)ngivenbYRortugàtls'qllotedin the report àfthe::geqretar:y-Genera1asfollows: ....:',' ·"'>·'"~.ri,(:"; _. '. ",.. .~(~j.' Th~~~tio~al Assembly h~d recently approved ····a Îiew org~t1iç law'Wllich wot,1lderiable the.enàctment .' .Qfnew politièlllai1:d admtnistrative. stiltutes for the .. _>overselis ferritorjés.The mainproVisi6nsofthe new (j!r~~~ie!.lawa.re: '. . . "(iv) A new electorallaw which was a logical exten!3ion of the previous law of1961, whencivil rights were granted to aIl illhabitants. Under the newelectorallaw. thepeoplewouldelectthe 'Regedorias'. the Municipal Councils, the Legislative Counoils, the Economic and SocialCouncils, the Overseas Council, the Corporative Chamber and the National Assembly; "(Q) After consulting the overseas territories, new electoral laws had been promulgated. As a result of these laws, the electorate would be considerably enlarged and the overseas territories had been asked to organize new electoral rolls; "(Q) Elections, based on the new laws and regulations and the new electoral l'ol1s, were scheduledfor March 1964; "(fD The purpose of the elections wouldbe to elect the members of the various administrative andpolitical bodies at all1evels, except the members of the National Assembly; "(g) A plebiscite 'within the national framework' was envisaged. The purpose of the plebiscite was to enable the people to have an opportunity to express their views on the Government's overseas policy; "(f) The Portuguese Government would continue to accelerate its programme of development in aIl fields, especially education and economy, soas to foster an increasing participation of the population in the administration and political life of the territories." [Ibid., para. 13.] 13. Let us note that in sub-paragraph (g) the Portu,- guese Foreign Minister used the expression "withiri the national framework" in connexion with the plebiscite. In addition, hesaid that the plebiscite was to enable"the people" to have an opportunity to. express their views on the Government's overseas policy. Taken together we interpret this to meanJhat "people" refers to Portuguese people and not Af;ricans, andthat "within the national framework" means that the Mricans would not be given a freedom of choice so that their true aspirat~onscouldbe madeknownelearly. To agree witll this wouldmean that many of the present 'M:embers of the United Nations would still be parts,of metropolitanterritories. In short, the oppressors \vouldstil1 be part~ of metropolitan territorie~. In short, the oppressors would for aU time have in their hands the fate of the oppressep.Tha.t iswhy the latter .Portuguese concept Wils rejected.at San Franciseo in 1945, as 1 shall show laterin my statement. 13. étrangères le il donner sur nous, et cadre n'auront, de rations. nombre Unies' <feraient politains.En jamais pourCJ.uoi Francisco 14. indiquait prèndre fait 14..'.Pllis r~ply further eonfirmedour misgivin~ and indicat~d, moreover, that Portugal wastaking unilatexlllmeasuresto. ensure ,a fait accompli whereby it could hold. on to these territories. We considerthe 15."" Thé United Nations has set out in clear terms what i8 intended and what is meantbyself-determination. and' aU Member states are obligated. by virtue of their commitment to the C:tarter. to respect and uphold the accepted view. 16. The·concept of, self··determinàtion advanced by Presi4ent Woodrow Wilson and lar~ly accepted by the United Stàtes andother Governments clearlymeans that the inte:rests of the pOpulations. concernedwere to have large weight. . 17. It istoberecalled that, duringtheBig Four consultations at San Francisco, it was the SovIet Union that proposed the addition of the \Vords "based on respect for the principles of equal rights andself-determinatiol;1 ofpeoples" so that Article 1. paragraph 2 of the Charter, describing the second Purpose of the Organization, read when adopted by the Conference as follows: "To develop friendly relations amongnations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and selfdetermination'of "peoples, and to take other appropriate measures 'to strengthen universal peace." 18. Thisamendment was accepted by the other spOnsors. There was never any doubt about what the Soviet Unîon hadin mind because the Foreign Minister. Ml'. Molotov. said in a press conference that hisGo'lernmentattached special importance to thîs addition. The SC)vietGOvernment feIt that the amendment would help the population of coloniès and mandated territories to relllizethe pur.pose sooner and it also felt the United Nationsshould promote the realization of these principles .aIld see to it "that dependent countries are enabled as .soon aspossi1>le to take the path ofnational independence". . 1!J. .Although two.conflicting viewpaints emerged. in çomrpittee••onebeÎIlg tlJ.&.! these purpOses implied the l'igbt Qfself-~vernmentbut not the right of secession. the othèrbeing.that the principlecorrespondedclosely .00 the Willailddesiresof the peopleeverywhere. it mustbë remèmbered" thatBelgium ledan attempt to nauowthe application in Urie with the first viewpc:>int, butthat.thislittempt failed~ 20•.....'. 'Î'he<4'#t Was then.•adoptecl with tlie followirrg ex- ~lllJ111~ion:' . .'. " . . <"The Conl1nitteeunàerstands thatthe principleof ..'".equalrigbtsofpeoples aildthatof self-determination :aré tWocomplemel;1tàI'y Parts ofonestandardofconduct;:thattherespect ofthatpritlc'iple is abasisfor .... the' dèv~loi)1n~ntoHl'iendlyrelations and.is one of the .. rn.easul'es .. to,l!ltr~IigtheJ.l.univer$~lpeace;that an ;ès$ential elem~nt ()fJlleprinciple inqu~stion!~a '; ·:tre,~~il.â~~rtUineexp~ssiolloftb:eWiU()féthe ~~Qplé~~•• "~#' .......; . "•..... :.", 21.;'l'l1e\historicllrdevelopm~ntof CballterXlof the (Jharteris:~lsointeresti"n~fQritleftnodoubt that.the ·;,Y .united:N~h~~iÙ'OÎlferÉ!nCEl'on.nt~i:imtioÎlal()rganization~l/l.l34 (1). 23. Nations un colonies situation point de les les sept autonomes de de tenant 24. résultat du est ont de 25. l'exception dispositions appliquées des 26. les tairement responsabilité formément c'est-à-dire de administrantes l' progrès régulièrement ments 27. puissances et d' de ont plus quences PortugaL 28 ont des le l' du doivent 23. When the United Nations Charter was signed at San Francisco on 26 June 1945, about a quarter of the world's population lived in colonies, goTTerned by distant metropolitan countries. This situation so aroused the t>roper concern of the framers of the Charter that they feIt compelled to give expression to the principle of equality and self-determination in order that a11 dependent peoples would eventua11y enjoy the common blessings of freedom and independence. Seventeen years later the number of people of Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories hadbeenreducedfromabout 215 million to approximately 45 million. More than forty formerly dependent territories have attained sovereign statehood. 24. 1 am convinced that this has been the resuIt of interpreting self-determination in conformity withthe United Nations Charter. 1 am convinced that this has been the resuIt of the attitude of administering States which, living in today's world, have sought to conform to the realities of today. 25. So far, aIl Member States have, withthe exception of Portugal, accepted and interpreted Chapter XI of the Charter, and applied ît to miHions ofothers living in Non-Self-Governing Territories. 26. The significant aspect of this is that the colonial Powers almost voluntarily accepted, as an international obligation, the responsibility to administer the territories in accordance with the principles contained in the Charter, thr,t is to say, to administer these territories in the interest of the il1habitants and to help them to attain self-government. The administering Powers also agreed under Article 73 e to report on the progress of the territories by tansmitting regu.. larly to the Secretary-Generalthe necessary information about their development.. 27. Which Statehere·can claim that these administering Powers. have misinterpreted the Charter and have unilaterally decided upon its own definition of self-determination? 1 think it would beridiculous, aimost bordering on the absurd, to even think that a11 of the othel' administering .Powers .are wrong and only Portugal is right. But it is more. It is serioU!'! because of the implicationsimplicit in a continuance of Porll'.!gal's intransigence. 28•. The architects of the United Nations Charter devoted three of its nineteenchapters to the subject of dependentpeôples. mhérent in a11 thesechaptersôf the. Charter is the principle that the people· living in the territories of the worldsha11 be&ssuredof human rights andfreedom, includingthe rightofbeingassisted in their· over-alldevelopment toward self-govermnent or independence. 30. This, and this alone, is the context in which the Government of Portugal must, in the interest ofits own future and of the future ofthe Mricans, view the question of self-determination. ' . 31. If the Portuguese Government had been in any doubt as ta whether, in the Charter, the United Nations had established a valid definition of the term "self-determination of dependent peoples", the decisions ofthe General Assembly OVer theyears shouldhave removed aU such doubts. 32, At the fifteenth session the General Assembly solemnly proclaimed in resolution 1514 (XV) "... the necessity of brfnging to a speedy andunconditional end colonialism in aU its forms and manüestations." The Declâr.ation stated further that: "The subjection of peoples to alien subjugation, .domination and exploitation constitutes a denial of fundamental human rights, is contraryto the Charter of the United. Nations and is an impediment to the pr0ln0tion of world peace ând co-operation." And ~hat: "Immediate stepsshall be taken, in Trust andNon- Self-Governing Territories or· aIl other territories which have not yet attainedindependence, totransfer aIl powers to the peoples ofthose territories, without anyconditions or reservations, in accordance with theirfreelyexpressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enablethemto enjoy complete independence andfreedom" . ."' _. 33. There are also.·General Assemblyresolutions 1542 (XVl and 1742 (XVI), andtheSecurity Couneil re"" sollltion,of9June 1961. Thereappearsnodoubt as to what the General ;Assembly and theSecurity.Couneil Dleant bYtheseresolutions.~ 34•.. ShouldtheGovernment of Portugal wish to contiDue. its••'argument. that its territories .are· "overseas prc;>vinces"anli, tllerefore, do not fallunder the category ,indieatedby.Article73e of the Charter, that is'one thiQg-even ...though, .•with. reElpeet to thisargument,thePortuguese •.'Qovernment must acceptthefact . that the General AssemblyandSeeurityCouneil resolutions haveelearly denied any vali<~ityto sucha belief. ~1,ltilifil.@entireIYclifferent andmifilehievousthing for ~~qqV'e:rnmentofI>ortugaltoseek now.tointroduce !l~9therargutJl7ntwhieh,iit.E!ub$taIlce,saysthat.self­ cletercmi~àtiÇ)IlIIlea..~ on~ thillg' to the hundred-.odd :Me~l)ersoft~e lInitedNationiS. alldanotJ:ier thing. to l?O~~!. ~i&fh~iatiêco1'dso(thêSecUl',î.tyCouncil.Slxteenthyear.Sopp1ement , f~l'o'\J?ril,~x,ariclJurielg61,dQ<:Wn~rit S/~~~.· . ... 37. We continue tà offer our assistance to the Portu- , guese Government to facilitate direct contacts with African leaders of Portuguese territories presently outside the said territories. 37. assistance des territoires dehors 38. les immédiate notamment 38. We calI on you to take such measures as will ensure that the provisions of the resolution of 31 July, and particularly paragraph 5, be implemented by Portugal without any further delay. 39. The struggle for independence in the territories under Portuguese administration iscontinuing, and will continue as long as there is a denial by Portugal of the right of self-determination to the inhabitants of the territories. The use of repression to frustrate these legitimate aspirations can leadonly to a continuation of the disturbance to peace in Africa. 39. portugaise durera le répression ne 40. Please permit me to reserve the right to intervene again, should 1 deem it necessary. 40. à 41. Mr. Mongi SLIM (Tunisia) (translated from French): 1 should like to thankyou, Mr. President, and the members of the Councnfor once again allowing me to participate, without right ofvote, inthe debate which i8 opening today. 41. Monsieur du à aujourd'hui. 42. The Council is embarking on a new discussion of the situation'in the colonial territories under Portuguese âdministration. It is doing sa at the request of the Mrican delegations, a request made on 13 November 1963 [S/5460] for the consideration of the SecretarY-General's report submitted on 31 October last in pursuance of the Security Council resolution dated 31 July 1963. 42. discussion. niaux demande 13 Secrétaire exécution en 43. This request recently received support from the resolution 1913 (XVIII) adopted by the General Assembly, on 3 December 1963 by 91 votes in favour to only .2 against,. requestingthe Security Council "to consider immediately the question of Territories under I>ortuguese administration and to adopt. necessary measures to give effect to its own dec',;~Qns, Plirticularly those contained in the resolution -of 31 July 1963". 43. résolution par. générale, iniInêdiatelllent par pour ticJ,1lièrement du 44 résolution,etaprès qlle ml'lnt cer1;a.innombrelie.mesures; Portugal, a.utl.'es,à dans g;raphe7, des rapport. M. The Council will recall that, inthe last-roentioned resolution, after determining .in the operative part that the-E?ituation in.thE! TerritoriesconcernE!d. "is seriously· disturbing peace anli security inMrica",it teok a.certain num1:l.er of.steps, some direotedtowards Portugal and containE!d inparagraph.5, and sorne liirected towards aIl other States.and set oUf in pa,ragraph 6. Finally, in paragraph7, the Councilrequested the Sec.retary""General toensure the implementationof the provisions of theresoll.ltion·and·toreportto the .COl1D.cil. 47. 1 must state at once that werespondedfavourably to that invitation, in the first place, because we are always ready to co-operate in any initiative by the Secretary-General, who enjoys our full and complete confidence. 48. Secondly, we responded because we were anxious to give him any assistance, within our means and the limits of our competence, which might helphim to fulm the mandate given him by the Council in its resolution of 31 July, with a viewto ensuring the implementation of the provisions of that resolution. That is why discussions, to which we were invited and which we attended in response to that invitation, took place in the Secretary-General's office in the presence of the Secretary-Genral'- By participating in these talks we thought that \Ve could help the Secretary-General, as have said, tofurnish whatever assistance he might con.. sider n.ecessary in order to bringaboutthe implementation by Portugal of the special provisions of paragraph 5 of the resolution of 31 July. 49. A summary of these conversations is given by the Secretary-General in sections IV and Vof his report. -If weexamine them objectively, we cannot fail tonote that these discussions unfortunately revealed that· the Portuguese Government is still a long way from applying, in its·commonly accepted meaning, true self-determination as reflected in the relevant r~solutionsof our Organization, which has repeatedly had occasion _to discuss and define the meaning and scope of the right of peoples to se~-determination. 50. During the conversations, indeed, the_Ministerfor Fc>reign Affairs of Portugal, while declaririg that he approved the principle of self-determination, stated that his G<>vernment intended ta apply tne principle te> the territories under its rule "in a specialcontext and withinanational framework". 51.. tJnfartunately,bygiVing this interpretation to the principle, he issubstitUling for its true Sense a meaning which destroys Us legal value at the international level andits political significance in relation to the proVisions -of the SecurityCouncilresolutionof 31 July. 52. .Thesecretary-General reportsthat "self-determination", . fa.r the Portuguese _Government, -means "thèagreement and consent of the populationtoa certain politicaIstrucfure,type of State and-àdministra;" tive organization". lrepeat, it means "the."agreement and consent ••• "~ 53. However, to restrict apopulation's choice to giwn.g~tl;l·cog~ent()rits "agreetnentto one "proPQ.l;Iition only àmoUnts to predetermining"its choice and thus 54. cer cation, séparation à coloniaux à en à formément générale d'ailleurs l'Assemblée la d'eux-mêmes, coloniaux. 55. tance ment cette mais Troisième consacrés national, mêmes". ment alors mieux cette à Mais 55. 1 should like to stress here the importance of the right to independence as being inseparably bound up with the concept of self-determination itself:thisconcept received its true and definitive interpretation in the discussion in the Third Committee at the General Assembly in 1958, on the subject of "internationalrespect for the right of peoples and nations to selfdetermination" where the idea ofdisguised integration now being advanced by the representative of Portugal was explicitly mentioned and challenged. No one expressed the notionof a communityof peoples integrated with the metropolitan country more clearly than the representative of France when he pointed out that: "The European nations therefore preferred collec- .tivism to individualism-the fruitful concept of the community, which best served present-day needs. The provisions of the new French Constitution"- that. of 1958-"were based on that concept of com.., munity." But he feIt it necessary to add immediately: "•••the communities associated with France had been given an opportunity to exercise rreely their right to.self-determination. Guinea had chosen independence: the other peoples had preferred toparticipate in the French-African community."~ 56. Thus, because of its desireto apply theprinciple of .self-determination correctly and honestly inits full meaning and il} spite of the iIpportance it attached to the concept of community, France feIt obliged in 1958 ta re~ognize, along with the right of association, the right of secession implicit in the idea of self-deterlIlination. 56, et tioncomplète, attache en de nation. 57 i. This concept, the onlY'one acceptable to our Or':' ganization, was stillbetter defined in connexion with the Algenan question.In bis statement.of 16 Septem- 57. organisation, l'affaire 11 TroisiêmèCommission. 58. Where there is a basic recognition of the right of the population concerned to a free choice between constitutional ties with the metropolitan country and separation from the metropolitan country, self-determination is completely justüied: othe'!; possibilities can theoretically be added to these two, but neither of these can be omitted without violating the very princ~ple of theright to self-determination. 5~. The Portuguese Government, by pretending to recognize the right of the peoples under its rule to self-determination while dellying them the essential choice between accepting and rejecting external sovereignty. is in fact merely usurping the term and adhering to its untenable position that the colonial territories under its administration are Portuguese provinces. The POrtuguese·Government acts as though it were entitled to decide the destiny of the peoples in their stea,d, OOfore they are able to exercise that right themselves: by dènying them the choice ofsovereignty. it is in fact denyingthese peoplestheir legitimate right to determine their own future-that is, it is simply denying their l'ight to self-determination. 60. This truncated definition of the right of selfdetermination given by the Portuguese Government is not simply a restriction of the right but its very negation. We find the true meaning of this right confirmed in the statement made by the Belgian representative in the First Committee in DecemOOr 1959 during the debat~ on the Algerian question. He said: "•• •the Belgian public had welcomed France's proclamation of the right of Algeri.a ~o self-determination. a concept which included the right to independence."§! 61. However. from· our point of view as a Member of the United Nations. aIl controversy on this question became·obsoleteWith the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 1514 (XV) onthe grantingof independence tocolonial countries and peoples. Our conception was finally sanctioned. with respect to the tel'ritories under Portuguese rule in particular. by General Assenmly resolution 15~2(XV). 62. Furthermore, theSecurity Councn itself•. in its resolution of 31 July 1963, made a pointofreaffirmbig that the .right of the peoples ruled by Portugal to choose their destiny freely should lead to complete independence. With the oost will in the world, we cannoHail to observe that the Portl,lguese Government is still tJ:li.nkï.ngintermsnot. ofself-determination but ofa predeterrnined choice for the peoplesof so-called Portuguese. Guinea,. Angola and Mozambique. That Govermnentholds that it has itself the right to decide andcreatfl the administrative andgovernmentalsystem .§/lbicL. FourteenthSession, First. Committee, 1070th meeting, para. 14. 63. It is clear then that the Government of Portugal is refusing in fact, in spite of all the efforts that have been made, to admit the right of the colonial peoples under its adniinistration to self-determination and independence. 64. We tried, along with the Secretary-General, to convince the representative of Portugal that for us, as MeÎÎ1'Qers of the United Nations anxious that the principles of the Charter and the obligations it lays down should be complied with, as well as for Portugal itself as a Member of this Organization, there could be no other interpretation of theright of.peoples to self-determination than that reaffirmed by the highest organs of the United Nations. 63. Portugal de peuples à 64. de saura.it y des de plus même peuples réaffirmée organisation. 65. We know that it is' sometimes difficult for some people who have a special notion of prestige to admit in public certain truths or certainundeniable realities. We had hoped, therefore, that private contacts in the Secretary..General's office would enable us to register some progress or some development however slight, entitling us to a degree of optimisme 65. certains d'admettre réalités le nous ou un 66. ment regrettons l'initiative dans trait fique justice.' 67. de sur aient sable persiste vincialité contrairement Conseil,' à sort reusement et droit 68 dispositions 31 le à qu'il fication se portugaise; territoires amnistie valablepermettantle politiques le de 66. AlI our efforts in this direction were unfortunately fruitless and our hopes disappointed. We do of course regret having made this endeavour and we appreciate the initiative taken· by theSecretary"'General in this regard, in a desire to provide whatever assistance seemed necessary for the achievement of a peaceful solution to the problem of the basis of law and justice. 67. We cannot but regret, however, that these con..., tacts did not lead to thedesired results, on the basis of theSecurity Council resolution. On the contrary, they· ended in complete deadlock owing to the Portugilese Government's persistencein its mediaevalconcept of the provincial nature of the éolonialterritories which it administers, contrary to.paragraph.2·of the Security Councilresolution of 31 July while it also clings to the notion that it has the right to predetermine the destiny of the peoples of the territories concerned, who are unfortunately obliged to testify, by their sacrifices and their losses, to their determination to recovertheir rights toindependence and dignity. 68. It is not surprising, in these circumstances, that n()ne of the provisions of paragraph 5 of the Council's resolution of 31 July 1963 has been implementedby the Lisbon Government. There 1s no evidence, rnoreover, in our view, to suggest that it intends to implement those provisions. We are witnessing, then; an intÈmsification of the colonial war, and military repression is continuing, particularly in Angola and in so-called Portuguese Guinea. The.Portuguese military forces in these territories. are .. still being reinforced. No amnesty has been promulgated and no genuine conditions established to allow the free functioning of political parties in these territories, as is explicitly requested in the Security Council resolution of 31 July 1963•. 70. FoUowing thefrontier incidentsbetweenso-caUed Portuguese Guinea and Senegal, and the bombing of Senegalese village, whichcame to the CoUDcil's attention ln April this year [1027th to 1033rd meeting], the Portuguese ..naval authorities threatened, during Press conference at Luanda last September, to block thefairway at the mouth of the Congoby sinking three ships at Santo Antonj.o do Zaire. This would have put out of service the important and sole means of aCcess to the sea of the Congo (LeopoldviUe) and have established ·an effectiveblockade of that country. 71. 1 do not wish to abuse the Council's patience and to study in detail the explanations givenbythe Mi.nister for Foreign Affai~s of Portugal tothe Secretary- Qeneral regarding the PQlicies of his GOvernment towards its colonies. The mèmbers of the Council are too. weIl aware of the different phases passed through by .a number .of African countries which today are independent not· to. recognize that these are mere pseudo--reforms within the framework of. a colonial systèm· which dOes not confess to the name. Tunisia expèrienCed sirnilar'manoeuvres, andso did Algeria; the.· Afric:an peoples .under Portuguese domination, which are. struggling against that domination, do not seem, .from aU· the evidence, to want these reforms and seek only their ~ght to dignity. ~d independence. 12. These reforms within the colonialframeworkare clearly s.ummed up by •.the. Portuguese Mi.nister for :fo.re!gri Af{.airs. in .his expOsé.before the Secretary- Qe~eral,appearingin paragraph 13, sub-paragraph (~) of the .report [S/5448] where we read:"A plebiscite 'Within the national framework' was envisaged." 73~ In any case, to argue the value of these reformg in··order to determinè whetlier they are good or bad, accèptable or unacceptable, ls completely outside our competence and the mandate given to us bythe Summit Conference of ··Independent African states at 4ddis Ababà in May 1963. It is essentiaUy wiihin the com- Pêtènceof the nationalists ofthe territories concerned themselves, with whom the Security Counc,il~ in its résolution has specificaUy called upon Portugal negotiate, on the basis of the recognition of the right to self-determination,. in ·accordance With General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV). 74•. These nationalist leaders, moreover, have shown àn lldn)Ïrable political sense. 1 should like to quote thiscontleXion whatone of them, Mr.HàidenRoberto, Head of the Àngolan Provisional GOvernment in Exile, saidhere on 27 Nr,wember 1963 before the Fourth COrnmittee of the GeneralAssembly: "•• ~But that doesnot rnean that we refuse to negatiate, quite the contrary. It is not we who want war, itisSalazar's.Portugalthat is forcing it on us, and 'if tomorrow· ·the Salazar GOvernment ·agreed negotiate with us, we should he ready,provided that theoutcome of the negotiation was to be the independence of Angola. 75. Secrétaire souhaitables. por.tugais tion réalité ment territoires maintenir provincial interprétation clairement. 75. In conclusion, the undeniably praiseworthy endeavours of the Secretary-General have not given the desired results. It seems to me that the Portuguese Government took part in these talks with the object of distracting international attention from the realityof the repressive and typically colonial war which is continuing to develop in the territories under its domination. Its stubborn insistence on the same old concèpts as far as the provincial nature of its territories is concerned, and its curious so-called interpretation of self:-determination, show this clearly. 76. gravement donc 76. Thus the situation, whichhas alreadybeencharacterized as seriously disturbinginternationalpeace and security, has only deteriorated, and gravely so. 77. The embargo on arms and military equipment. decided upon in paragraph 6 of the resolutionof 31 July, does not seem to have affected the military capacity of the Portuguese Government for the repression of the peoples of the territories it administers. Using reserves and supplies received under coyer of the Atlantic defence treaty, it continues to benefit from aIl kinds of facilities and assistance from its allies for the intensification of the colonial war in Angola and "Portuguese" Guinea. 77. équipement~ de affecté ment qu'il tures atlantique, et la portugaise. 78. forcer le effet. principalement internationales, et portugais à cipes disposer ceptibles pertinentes de exige. 79. autre matin. la se du je à 78. Itis therefore the Council's duty, in our opinion, to strengthen and supplement the measure already adopted by it on 31 July 1963 in orderto give it full effect in reality. It is for the Security Council, which has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and secùrity, to consider active and effective measures which are likelytobringthe Portuguese Government to a healthy understanding of its obligations under the Charter of the United Nations, of the principles enshrined in it and ofthe right of peoples to free self-determination, and of the measures likely to induce it to comply with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and ofthe Security Couneil, with aIl the seriousness that the situation demands.

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