S/PV.1082 Security Council

ln accordance with the decision previously taken by the COUDcil, 1 shall invite the representatives of Madagascar, Tunisia. Portugal, Liberia and Sierra Leone to take places at the COUDcil table. . . . . Aftheo itlvitation of the President, Mr.Albert Sylla (Madagascar), Mr. Mongi Slim (Tunisia). Mr. Franco Nogueira .. (Portugal), Mr. Rudolph Grimes (Liberia) and Mr• .Johtl Karefa-Smart (Sierra Leone) tookplaces at the CO'fi!lcil table. 2.Mr. BENHIMA (Moroèëo) (translat~dfromFrench): ~embers of the COUDci1willsurely recaU the efforts 1i1aàe by the delegations of Ghana, ·the·Philippines and Morocço to enslire that the resolution which they submitted to the COUDcil on 3i July 1963Yrefleèted as closely as possible the actual situation in the TerritOriès UÎldèr Portuguese administration, èxpressedthe 'desire. of .the COlmcil to bringabout the necessary changes inthat situation apd gave Portugal one more opportunity. to show a spirit of sincere co-operation ~norder to avoid aggravation of that situation~ S.Pa,ragraph7 of the· resolution lefta fair amOU;Ilt of latitude.to the~ecretary-Gel1eral,andinfaot toPor~­ g~ .as well. with a view to ensuringiro,plementation of thé .pl'ovisions ofthe resol~tionbythe !Aostappropriate waYlilapcl 1i1eans, whicl1 would laave :Qluch ta th,espirit of c~llaboration.expected from Portugal. 4~ The talks which the Secretary-General's special envoy nad in. Lisbonseemedsufficiently encouraging to. suggest thedesirability6f a. meeting between the Po~ese Foreign Mimster and the repre'sentatives of African states, and the possibility ofa new approach to the problem. 5. A desire for such talkswas expressed on several occasions by Portugal while .the African States~.without 'prejudice· to the principles which haveconstall,tly guidadtheiraction,were able ta c6ntemplate a dialogue whiéh in ·any case would· have the mèrit.of clarifying thescope ofthe new provisions whichPortugal was publicizirigeverywhere. ' ;.![OffiçialR~~ordsOfthe ~Ct!1"i~ Çounçij.~igh~eenthYear,SuPPle­ iti?ndôrJuly,AugySt alld-Septernbér 1963, document S/5380. 7. l should like tO.join the African }~oreignMinisters who have preceded me and also the representative of Ghana in paying a tribute to the Secl'etary-Generalfor his initiative and in welcoming c.~ way in which the. talks progressed, thanks to his gui~lance. 7. des et hommage a sa 1 r 1 8. The Portuguese Foreign Minister, for his part, usedaU his qualities as li man and as a diplomat to prevent the deep divergencies of view which separate us .from affecting in any way the courtesy and mutual esteem which characterized those meetings. 8. a, et de mer caractérisé 9. Thinking that he had new proposalstoputto us, we allowed him the advantage of presenting his GovernmentIs gase first, whiCh he developed around three main ideas: living conditions in the overseas Territories; the threat to peace; and the nature and essence of portuguese policy. 9. nous d'exposer qu'il essentielles: territoires la 10. Irrespective of any interest we might have in the materil:'l living conditions of the peoples of the Territories in question, and irrespective'of the sophistry withwhioh attempts are made to refute the existence of a threat to peace, it is natural that the fundamental concern of the' African delegations should continue to be the' definitionof Portuguesepolicy andthe new outlook which should constituté its projection into the future. - 10. nous d'existence quels essaie la caines portugaise constituer 11. An analysis ofstatistics relating to the living conditions of a colonized people·cannot hide or erase a fundamental aspectof colonial1ife-the subordination of the interests of the indigenous population to those of the metropolitancountry and its nationals. When the Portuguese Foreign Minister tells the Portugüese Pressthat the Afrièan delegationS showedno interest in thefirst two points in his statement,hethereby shows that Portuguese· policy classifies problems according to a priority of lts owninwhich thepolitical development of the Territories under its administratiOn is relegated to the position of least importance. 11. tions n:l qui tones sants. du les aux ainsi hiérarchie politique·. est 12 Portugal, Nous les cbement, atmosphère sion,même 12. In meetingthePortuguese representative we had clearly defined our intentions. We.wished to mapout in agreemel1twithhim a coursewhich, ifpursued, could transform .the .·stateof chronic crisis ·into an easier a.tmosphere ..which wouldenable anew .situation .to etrlerge~albeit gl'aduallYiland thus provide the best guarantee for. the aCGession of these .Territories to 14. At a Press Con.ference in Lisbon,held by Ml'. Nogueira on 20 November 1963, the Portuguese representative feIt bound to express his disagreementin the following terms (my quotation is basedon an unofficial French translation; 1 am ready to examine any objections to which it may give rise if it dQes not exactly match the Portuguese text): "1 made itclear that to us the word 'self-determination' implies the consent or the adherence of the population. expressedthrough administrative acts, to a certain form and a certain structure of the State and of Government. As far as the African group is concerned, theonly vaUd self"-determination is that whichinevitably involves the dismemberment of the structure of·thè portuguese nation in a wayto be determined by that group. The. problem stated on that basis was noteven capable of discussion. because we cannot -allow -theexamination of political problems which concern only ourselves to be sharedby others orby a.n international body, whatever ft may be." 15. After that explanation given by the Pori;uguese FOreign Minister, is thereany need to dWell-further on the_ reasons which led _. the African d~legationsto breaK off talks whi.ch should have resulted in agreement on a policy lea,ding to self-determination, but which unfortunately began with a profound disagreement onthe word whose meaning should have beena commondenominat()r between Portugal and ourseIves? ~6. The present meeting of the. Council had to take place in any case in order to.examine the Secretary- General'sreport and the outcomeofthetalkswhich he had been good enough to arrange. Of course, .we could hav~ confined ourselves to taking note of this report withoutany further action. Our desire to takesuch an interest in the examination of the reportunforttmately prompts the Portuguese Foreign Ministet to say that thetime when the Council enjoyed prestige is gone. Does thatm:eanthatthe prestige of the Security Council should henceforth be measuredinterms ofindifference .dans quences 17. 1 am sure that the distinguïshed Portuguese Foreign Minister has not deliberately abandoned the courtesy which has become second nature to him. And the .personal esteem in which a11 the African delegations hold him makes us inclined to think that th~ deliberate remarks wi.th which he began his statement yesterday afternoonvere iatendedrather to create an atmosphere which would divert the Council from a perhaps e~barrassing spirit of moderation; in the sarne way, the Portuguese Foreign Minister, byhis intransibent attitude,has tried to prevent the Africài1 delegations from finding a reasonabl.e solutionin order to avoid the consequences of Portuguese behaviour which is unreasonable. 18. The African representatives who have preceded me.have alle,-rplainèd that the African delegations, by having these talks with the Portuguese representatIve, wished to express their appreciation of a gesture, which, if it had had happier results, would have justified Africa in its final hope that Portugal did not intend te. ernulate South·Africa and thatthe ski11 of some.of its rulers couid stillinduce it to ch,ange its policy smoothly and without tragedy. faire de 19. The lack of understandingofwhichweareaccused and the extremism which is attrlbuted to us were the only points made in the long speech by the Portuguese Foreign Minister. He came from Lisbon to tell the Security Council thatit was d6ing no service to 'the population of these Territories by holding such meetings, and that the CoUlicil was even retarding the progressive development of the peoples of Mozainbique, PortugueseGuinea and Angola. He alsocame to tell the Africans that they, to use his ownworde, had contemptuously refused to examine any questions which did not concern the self-determination ofthe.::le Territories, and that cOnsequently they were no longer entitled to. interyene or cast reproaches at Portugal. In his long and brilliantstatement, we triedin vain to find the sl1ghtestrea;;surance that portugal, even in a policy of ip--Iation. intended to pursue a course in which theOrganization could believe. . qu'Africains ne férence exclure la Elles que· force dans le ne desquels 20.. The criticisms which ha:ve been levelled at us, both as AfricaIUr and as member·s oftlîe Council"ought not to lead us.to indifferenc:e or to extremism. OUr çonvictïons role out indifference tQ theproblems of thefreedom of peoples and the freedom of the wol'1d. They also rule out extremism, because we are neither weak enough. to yie1.d to· it' nor str<:>ngenough to impose it•. Weshall continue,.in respect forrights, to calI Upon Portugal con~\tant1ytoremain true toprinciples which arenot onlyours, but whicMt helped to elaborate even' before we were to benefit from them. But in the face of total obstinacy.we shall continue totell Portugal, in the frankn.ess offriendship andwitha refusaI to d~ntandtheothermambersofthe Security COUllcil for perrn.tttiIlgmetoexercise the right of reply. '2~•.Some years·ago,whenI was aooy, Thearda 'ministerwho waS preaching say",among other things. that Satan· was 'goOd. at.quoting· Scriptltl.'esbut Satan usuallymade quotationsoùtOf context tersuit his own llurposes. Yesterday. as! listened, to the Foreign Minist~l'ofportugalthat incidentwasreçalled.and aIl lcouldsaywasthat Ml'. Nogueirasucceèdedexcellently in bis, staternentin making lluotàtionsoutof context to sufthis ownpurposes. . 2~.isha.1l not. dwell. on the Foreign lWinister's bold andUilsucessfUl attempt to degrade and beUttle the effortsarid work of the SecurityCouncilinits endeavour tqfin.dasolutiontothis.problem,. Wbichis its true duty. Tl1~s transparent a,ttempt of the Foreign Minister fell Ji~ea. (.ttI,q" as the Councilknows. •• .•~... " ',' , " - .' ·,C. . ~,. , __.'. _ ~~.Lettriè observethatMr•Nogueiraandhis Govern- JlleJ1tsë~m_nottohavebeen content to trea~ the -:recolJlrn.en~ationsofthe .'Général Assembly and the c:leçiSionà .ofthéSécurityCouncil with total disregard @c:lc~ntètnpt. They are emboldenednowto trytoridi- Q~e •. th.eQrganization, have decided to question, the abilityandcompetènce ofthe Governments which made up thîeJ Council, anddesireto a:rrogateto Portugal-and t(»):p()1'1:u.gar~one-4heallthority.to ,determine. what shOUlâconstitùte the scope'of the Council's workand wh~n"how andwher(;l it sMuldgo about this.While 1 be,l~~"Vé that,Foreign Minister '!IIog\ieirais unconvinced l>Y,1l1sownstatèment. ithasorilYP:rovided additional pro6f, ~ Inci~edthatwas necessary, .bf whatI had said bèf()re.F,ive:ryboclY is wrongan.dorilyPortugal is right. ;,~5......·.Mycolleagtte fr()m Tunisiaimmedfately answered l~lr.:NogueJrayesterclayon,sorne, of the points the portugueseForeignMinister thought he was making. andIsha.l1notrepeat what hesaid. But Ido want to l>:ringsomepointsback into true focus. .2§.:rt Isinterestingtoobserve that a,fter the Portugueele (;byerIlment, in Us letterof29 AU.g\ist, admits .totQéS~Clreta:ry-Generalthathes.e matters are "withj.n..tll.~'slleèUJc_competencl~"ofthe Security Council, the F9reign Minister castigat~~s the Council and says· that ithasno suchcompetem~e. Is this another case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr., Hyde? Ml'. President. this matter IsMtftmny,bu.t it shows the mentalityof the Govern;" ment'With whiclj 'wéarc:l qealing. Itsàys one thing toda}" ~4 'sbmethingelsc:ltomorrow. . ~,.2'i'•. :rn.otice.that the •• PQrtuguc:lEle. Foreigp Minister <.ifqnotrl:lfllte.the Interp:retation 1 put on "within the ·D,lI:,iQna.lfrarnework".ande;o implicitly. admitted. for a 9Jta,n.~e'~.t1)atI wa,El ,right. Nordidhe contest the histqriCa,~deY~l()I>mentofthemeaningof.self-determination.f()rh~kn.ew:quite\Vellthat.asI stated.thc:l Belgian aftémpt. to narrow: theprin.ciple .of ,self-determination 28. Regardless of what Mr.Nogueira says. weshall continue to repeat the true Interpretation of aIl the Articles in the Charter. especially Article 1. paragraph 2. and Article 73. which apply to the question of the territories under Portuguese administration. and we shall be prepared to refute Mr. Nogueira's dogmatic and unsupported contention that these principles in 1955 mea..').t something quite different from what they meant in 1945 and from what they mean today. l must repeat: "•..it would be ridiculous. almost bordering on the absurdo even to think that aIl of the other administering Powers are wrong andonly Portugal is right" [1079th meeting. para. 27]. 29. Turning now to the conversations to which the Portuguese Foreign Minister referred. l should like to stat": that he. certainly outlined the order in which he wanted the conversations to proceed; but he also admitted that the question of self-determination was a burning one. ao. Contrary ta what Mr. Nogueira statedthe African states did not refuse to discuss the question ofpeace and security andof educational and socialdevelopment, but wanted to discuss self-determinationfirst andthen turn to theterms of the resolution of 31 July 1963. 31. To illustrate once againthe "great respect" which the F9reign Minister showed for facts. l shall quote the relevant portion ofthe Secretary-General's record of the conversations: "The African States did not denythat sorne developments hadtaken place in ~hese territories. Portugal had been in Africa for fiV'e hundredyears and no .one maintained that they had done nothing. The educational and economic developments that had taken place in the Portuguese territories were to be expected and were adjunctsof the present day. but the important issue was that of self-determination. which wasa political issue and oV'er""lShadowedquestions of economic and social development. The issue was whether Portugal was prepared to carry out the obligations it had already acceptedunderthe Charter of the United Nations." 32. Then as now Mr. Nogueira tried to twist this statement and ft was repeatedfor. hisbenefit. but we can understand his interest in presenting apicture not quite in accord with the records. Half truths are difficult to answer and so the Foreign Minister has tried to hide behind thilS. 34. 1 sp.all eonelude this brief statementbyreminding the Couneil about. the existence of the resolution of 31 Julyand thenI would like the Foreign Minister of Portugal to tell this Couneil, sinee this was not stated in the Seeretary-General's report whether Portugal has implemented sub-seetions (~), ®, <m, @ and ~ of paragraph 5 of that resolution. 35. The PRESII;>ENT: The ne~t speaker on my list is the Foreign Secretary of Sierra Leoneto whom Inow give the floor. 3(j.Mr. KAREFA-8MART (Sierra Leone): Ihadasked that· 1 be given a further opportunity to addrel:\s the Couneil so that 1 might make some observations on the speech of the ForeignMinister of Portugal. Ifind, however, that ·the representative of Morocco and my colleague .-. the Foreign Ministerof Liberia have srI adequate~yexpressed most of what Ihad to say that 1 have decided not to repeat these observations, in the interest of saving time and so that the Council might proceed at once to its deliberations on the kind of resolutionwhich the convincing case we ·have put before it might lead it to adopte 37•. I1ow~ver, the Forelgn MinisterofPortugal seems tobelieve that. it .is. only necessary to accuse the African. States that they have. slandered and insulted Portugal to.prove his case. 1 am sure, however, that members . of the SecurityCouncil are able to· make their own judgements about the incontrovertible facts whichmy colleaguesand 1have adduced, not only about the ruthlessmeasures taken byPortugal to suppress any expressionofnationalism in the Africanterritories under Portuguese rule, but also aboutthe actualcondi;' tions existing.at present-in those.territories and about the .realities of. the dictatorial rêgime in Portugal which, extende<J. to the African continent, make .a mockery even of the so-called "consultation" of the Afrieân: populations. 38•. AsMr.N(jgueira was not present at the 10S0th meeting ofthe.Gouncil, may 1 be perlllitted to ask the Foreign Minister.of Portugal if he.is indeed prepared to ..makea· clear statementbefore· this Council which wiU.remove any.dollbt whlch might existin the mincis oftbosewho heard hisvery lEmgthyaccJ1sations. as to whether the Portugueseconcept of self-determlnation· includes the offering of aH choices. and the exclusion of .n<.>alte:rllatives•. to the.Africall· peoples about their pc>l1tica}. fJ1ture. 39J< JVIl'~ .. ·F~DORENKO -(Union.of Soviet. Socialist RepUl:>lics) (translated from R.ussian): At the request of a l~:i'l;WgrouPof A:fJ.'.Ï.can countriesthe Security Council is.nowc~nsidering the. question of the Portuguese cqloriies in Africa. 41. My delegation does not proposeto make a detailed analysis of the situation prevailing in the Portuguese colonies in Africa; Much has been said ontbis subject both at the Security Council meetings lastsummer and in the course of the recent discussion of tbis question at the current session of the General Assembly. 42. The Security Council has also heard statements by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Liberia, Tunisia, Madegascar and Sierra Leone and by the Ghanaian and Moroccan representatives who have emphasized that immediate independence mustbe grantedto the African peoples who are still under.Portuguese colonialist rule. 43. The envoys of the African continent have again dl'awn attention.to the fact that the Summit Conference of Independent African States held at Addis Ababa in May 1963 demanded the immediate implementation of the historicDeclaration onthe grantingofindependence to colonial countriès and peoples, and the cessation, without exception, of direct or indirect support or assistance to all those colonialist Governments whlch might use such assistance to suppress Africannational liberation movements. 44•. A fact that needs emphasizing ~ '3 that, as the representatives of the African countries have pointed out.·far fromcomplying withthe Security Council's decision, the Lisbon Government has, on the contrary, intensified its acts of reprèssion and terror against the peoples of Angola, MozambiqUe and so-éa1led Portugtiese Guinea. It is perfectly obvious that the tension in the Portuguese colonies in Africa. and the attempts by the Portuguese authorities to crush· by force of arms the African peoples' will to be free and independent are creating a serious threatto international peace and m~e it inCtlmbent upon the Security Council to adopt energetic and effective measures against the Portuguese colonialists. 45. As we aIl know, in its resolution of 31 July 1963 the security COuncil found that l?ortugal's claims that the Airican territories. under its administration. are "overseas" territories are totallyunf0Ullded and affirmed that those claims are contraryto the principles of the Charter and the.relevant resolutions of. the General Assembly and the.Security Council. The Council then ca1led upon Portugal togive •"immedia~ recognition" to "thel'ight oUhe peoples of the Terri,.. tories under its administration to self-determination alld independence" and to initiate "negotiations, onthe basisof the recognition of the.I'ighttoself..deterIIli.natiol'l.,with the authorizedrepreseIltatives of the politicalpartieswithin. and outside the Territories with a view to the transfer of power topolitical institutions.• freely elect.ed andrepresentative of the peoples, inaccordancewith resolution 1514 <XV)". 46. Ascanbe seenfrom theSecretary-General's reportto the SecuritY.Council,theLisbonGovernmeIlt "Loud calls are being heard abroad for the 'independence of Angola'. but Angola has been createdby Portugal and does not exist apart from Portugal. The only national sentiment that has taken root in this province is Portuguese and not Angolan national sentiment. There are no Al1g01ans; there are only Angolan Portuguese." MI'. Salazar said the same thing about Mozambique and the Mozambicans. for he. had added. and 1 quote: "Mozambique is Mozambique only because it is Portuguese." 47. Such unequivocal statements do not leave even the shadow of a doubt as regards the policy which the Lisbon Government proposes to pursue with regardto Angola. Mozambique. Portuguese Guinea and the other territories 'under Portuguese administratioîl" namely. to deprive the peoples of these countries of the right to independence and to autonomous development. It is true that in order to mislead world public opinion Portuguese representatives assert that Portugal does not. as they see it. deny self-determination to the peoples of its overseas territories and has èven taken steps-or so we are asked to believe-tobroaden those peoples' political rights. one sllch step beingthe recent adoption of a new Organic Law on the basis .of which eleotions to local organs of self-government are tobe held in March 1964. 48. It is common knowledge. however. that in actual fact there is no "self-government" in Angola. Mozambique or Portuguese Guinea and that there willbe none until sueh time as the Portuguese colonialists packup and leave or are thrown out. Those countries are in the grip of blaody terror; the indigenous inhabitants are denied all political and otherrights; political and trade union organizations and groups have b"len banned. The new so-called Organic Law does not make the slightest change in the situation of the colonial peopleswho are groaning Under the Portuguese yoke. Ashas been shown during the discussion of the questionofthe Portuguese colonies at the eighteenth session of the General Assembly. thi·Si law does not guarantee any rights to the peoples of these colonies. ls it not characteristic that the law has nothing to say about which sectors of the population will have the right to vote ançI who will be eligible to the local organs of self-government? We are 'left in no doubt that aIl such matters will continue to be decided by the colonial administration. 49•. Everyone is aware that the concept of "self-determination" "à la portugaise" has been emphatically rejected by all repre.sentatives of the parties of the national liberation movements in Angola. Mozambique andPortuguese Guinea who. as we know. have testified before the Fourth Committeeofthe General Assembly. Ithas also been categoricallyrejected by the repre- 50. It is ourfirm convictionthat true and genuine selfdetermination means the immediate granting to the colonial peoples of completeindependence andfreedom to build their own national states in acccrdance with' their own freely expressed will and desire. Colonial régimes and administrations of every vl.'.riety mustbe totally abolished so as to enable the peoples of the territories concerned to determine their own fate and their own form of government. 51. This, however, is something to which, as we can see, the Portuguese colonialists are not ready to agree. Indeed, here in the Security Couneil. the behaviour of the Portuguese Minister for Foreign Affairs and the attacks on the Counci! which he made inhis statement yesterday are ample evidence that the Lisbon régime has no intention of respecting the will of the peoples J of Airica or eomplying with the resolutions oÏ the Security Couneil and the General Assembly. , sont 52. The representative of Salazar's colonialist régime seems to have forgotten that the reason why he has been allowed to take a place at this table is not in order to lecture the members of the Security Council on w11at questions they should consider and what questions they must leave aside. The Security Council does not need lll1Y advice from the colonialists and the latter should not forget where they are and why they are here. 53. The representative of the Lisbon régime should begin by informing us what steps have beentaken by his Government to implement the Security Council resolution of 31 July 1963 and by explaining by what right Portugal. a Member of the United Nations. has been disregarding the resolution)f a principal organ of the United Nations. It would be intolerable if the demagogie speeches of the Portuguese diplomats and their attempts to mislead nations through contrived debates on the interpretation of theterm "self..determinationft were to enable the Sàlazar régime to gain time in which to developits milit?.ryoperations against the peoples of the Portuguese colonies in Africa. f 1 1 11 1 i1t! 54. In this context one cannot but agree with the apt remark by Ml'. Mongi Slim. the Tunisian Minister for Foreign Affairs. at the Councilmeeting on 6December [1079th meeting]. that, the Portuguese Governmentis now trying to divert world public opinion from the realUies of the situation, which are that it continues to wage a typieal repressive colonial war in the Territories under its administration. 5.5. 'rhe Salazar régime is sendingInoreandmore reinforcernents in order to erush the African peoples who have risen in a just struggle against their Portuguese oppressors. It has been reported inthe Press that last Augustanother 2,000 Portugu(;}Se,soldiers were sent to Angola on the pretext of i1need to ,restore 56. It is also common knowledge that the Portuguese rêgime is constantly stepping up itsbombing raids in Portuguese Huinea. It is re\Tolting that thousands of persons. includingoldmen. women and cbildren. should he forced to bide in the jungle inorder to escape death from napalm bombs. How can the Security Council remain Indifferent to the fact that the colonialists are going through Angola and Guinea with fire anà gword? 57. As Mr. Diallo 8eydou. the Guineanrepresentative said on 19 December 1963: "At the frontiers of our country an inhuman war is raging. The Portuguese divisions burn and destroy everyth1ng in their path. Our bospitals are overflowing with our wounded brothers from Portuguese Guinea."y 58. The "scorched earth" policy. the policy of mass murders andexecutionsbyPortuguesepunitive expeditions. is not confined to the Territories of Angola and Portuguese Guinea. The indigenous inhabitants of Mozambique are alsobeing subjectedto mass annihilation and e~ermlnation. These are all self-evident and well-known facts, from wbichthe Portuguese colonialists cannot escape. 59. There arises the question how Portugal. one of Eurc:Pe's most backward countries which. as we know. is incapable even of manufacturing its o~ bicycles. can afford to disregard the resolutions of the General -Assembly and the 8ecurity Council and. as ithas been doing-for severalyearsnow. to wage war on Angola and Portuguese Guinea and to pursue the criminal policy of exterminating the indigenous inhabitants of Mozambique and of the other peoples groaning under its .colonial rule? The answer to this question is no secretto .anyone.The representatives of A'frican and Asian countriea and also petitioners have repeatedly submitted numerous facts and data to various United Nations.orglUls proving that the soldiers. w~o make up the. Portuguese army in Af!'ica 9f 80.000 str9ng. whichis engaged in punitive operations against the oppressed peoples ir1 Portugal's colonialpossessions. receive .their military training under the auspices.of NATO. It is there that they are equipped, taught and trained forcrlminalpurposes. 60. May 1 recall that African representatives have repeatedly drawn attention to the fact thatthe Western countl'iesareglving economic and militaryassistance to Portugalandare supplyingitwith arms and ammunition.Thlls. Mr. Mongono. the Nigerianrepresentative. told the Fourth Comfiùttee of theGeneral Assemblyon 18 November 1~63that . "•• ·,the .napalm bombs· used against the people of Angola. were known to have been manufacturedinthe Western countries belonging to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It was imperative that the Western Powers, whichhad hitherto argued that -themilitaryequipment theywere supplyingto Portu... g~ coUldbe used only forexternal defence. should Y1'hisstatementwas madeatthe 1486mmeetingofthe Fourm Committee. me·()fficiai record ofwhichwas publishedonl1' in suinmary form. Il •••the distinction between arms soldforinternal use and arms for external defence is sometimes nebulous. Arms sold for so-called 'external defence' have been used for local repression. Il [1073rdmeeting. para. 47.] 62. l should also like to quote from the statement by Mr. Kundya, the Tanganyikan representative, in the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly, on18 November 1963. He said, inter alia, that the Western Powers "were placing an inexhaustible pool of J:l.rmour at the disposal of Portugal, which proclaime<... itself to be the guardian of Western civilizationandinfluence in Africa. That aid was used, not only to intensify massacres in the Portuguese territories, butalsoto commit frequent acts of aggression against independent African States. Il Y 63. It may be recal1ed in this connexion that in April 1963 [1027th to 1033rd meetings] the Security Council considered 'acomplaïnt by Senegal against actions of the Portuguese authorities entailing the violation of Senegal's air spaceby Portuguese aircraft and the bombing of inhabited localities in Senegalese territory. Moreover, it has recently been established that Portuguese aireraftsystematical1yviolate the frontiers .of. Tanganyika and Guinea. The only reason why the Portuguese authorities can al10w themselves these provocative sorties against African countries is that theyknow they have the backing of their protecitors. It is ·clear that without that backing Lisbon would nothave daredto engage in acts of aggression and to expand its military operations inthis part of Africa., 64. Nor, of course, can we overlook the fact that between the Portuguese Government, the South African régime and Mr. Field's racist régime in Southern Rhodesia, there exists a notorious "unholy alliance", the purpose of which is to unify all the rel'!,ctionary, racist and fascist forces to combatthenatiôÏialliberation movementin Central and SouthernAfrica. This fact causes Independent African States to be seriously alarmed and concerned for the fate of peace in this part· of.the world. 65. .The .Security Council cannot disregard the dangerous situation created by.the activities of the Portuguese régime. It is incumbent upon the Security Coun.;. '§j Official Recorqs of the General Assembly. EigQteenth session, Fourth.Cominittee, 1483rd meeting, pàra. 8. .~I'IbicL. 14B4th meeting. para. 29. 66. The Soviet Union. whose position on the question underconsideration is well lmown. has consistently upheld the principles of self-determination with respect to peoples still under. the colonial yoke•. and strongly advocates the Immediate anduniversalimplementation of the General As~embly's Declaration of 14 December 1960 on the granting of independence to eolCînial countries andpeoples. 67. The Soviet Government's reply to the inquiry by the 8eeretary-General of 19 August 1963 stresses that the Soviet Ullion has .eonstantly urged·that an end shauldbe putto the harsh repressive measures carried out by the :Portuguese colonialists against the indigenous inhabitantsof their colonies. that the supply to Portugal of arms and military equipm&nt. which are used.by the PortugueseGovernment to carry on colonial wars.s.hould cease.and that independence should be grantec:i immediatelytothepeoples ofthe territories underPortuguese administration., ' 68. ,The ,Soviet Union has no diplomatie. consular or economic,relations·with Portugal. Neec:lless to say. the Soviet Union bas not supplied and is. notsupplYing the PôrtugueseGovernment witharIns or military equip-, ment and ha$not give~ and is notgiving Portu~al any other.kind. of assistance which might be usedby it for caJ,"rylngo-ut repressive meas'Ures against the peoples of the'territories under Portuguese administration. 69. ,May l recall that Mr•. Khrushchev.· the Head of th~ SQviet .'Government•.had the following to say'. in bis messaçe t() the Addis Ababa Conferellœ: "Weassoeiate'ourselves with the unanimous de- .mandby . the Conference for the cessation of aIl aSl;listance to colonialistGovernments whieh might uses'Uch assistance to suppress .African liberation move~ents•• As stated in the.rel;lolutions of the Confetenee~ the •allies .of eoloniali;>owers must Indeed çMose .betweeJl •• thei:t. friendship for the African peoples .~ll(i.their sllPport of Powers that oppress Afriçall peoples." 70••. The· Seeurity·· Couneil, beiJlg invested with· wide rightsandpowers with .re~ard to. those violating its decil;llons.whtch are mandatory cannot and must not bea p~ssive onlooker when fàeed with the Liebon r~gime'$aggrel;ll;livepoliey. 1'he.Portuguesecolonialists 'Ï,riu$tbe cgmpeHedto l'eSPectothel' p~oples' rights tQ.freeQom,tnc1epeJldenoeand Ileàeefulprogresl;l. 71~ .Tosavetime.lsh:il1waivethe eonsecutivetnterpretationof ml' statement intoEnglisb and French. 75. Yesterday the Malagasydelegationthought thatthe Minister for Foreign Affairs ofPortugalwouldbe good enough to inform this high body of the specific and tangible steps his Government was going to take in order to meetits obligations as a Member of the United Nations whose Charter-need Irecall-itsignedvoluntarily and freely. 76. The honourable MI'. Nogueira. much to our surprise. adduced arguments whichmydelegation regards as specious and dilatory. He challengedthe competence of the Councn to consider this question WhiC:l. he believes. does not threaten either peace or security; he rejected the statements of the representatives of African States concerning the repression that is rife in Angola. Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea. 77. Regarding the real problem. that of the self-determination of the peoples still under Portuguese 'administration. MI'. Nogueira neither proposed nor outlined any new solution. He merely recalled-quite briefly. moreover-that his Government continued to take the position he had outlinedto the representatives of Afrlcan states in the presence of the Secretary- General. and he referred to the latter's report dated 31 October 1963 [S/5448 andAdd.1-31. whichcontained the 'Portuguese concept of self-determination and a list of new legislative. electoral. economic and cultural measures that Portugal intended to take with regard to its overseas provinces. which are attached to the metropolitan country. At no time did the representative of Portugal mention the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly àndthe 8ecurity Council onthe question of the Territories under Portugliese administra... tion•. He feigned ignorance of the recommendations made to his country in the higherinterests of peace and. on behalf of· the peoples whom his country continues to hold in subjection. As far as the representativeof Portugal is concerned. itis asthough his country had unilaterally decided that the peoples of Mozàmbique. Angola and so-called Portuguese Guinea were no longer African but Portuguese and thatit was for Portugal alone to legislate and to punishall those who dared to oppose the maintenance of the only order which it considers valid-tM order setupbythe· Portuguese. In his opinion. tllere ls no war. and the,refore there is no threat to peace or security. 1l t f 78. In the face of such lack ofunderstandingand such badfaith. the Malagasy delegation canonlyexpress regret thatPortugal does not.realizethe·tragicsituationcreated by its adherence toobsolete and anachrodecla~-that thèreisno validreason for the present . meetf,ngof the securttyCouncil on the deèolonization .0f.Portuguese Terrltories•. when••.Portugal is at war withthe Afrlcanpatriots. ofthose Territories? In this coJlilexion. 1 should Uke to recall General Assembly resolution 1810 (XVU)of 27 December 19t12. which r~affil'meditsresolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960èontaining the Declaration on the granting of independence .to .colonial countries and peoples. and quote somè ofitspream.bular and operati~paragraphs: . ' " "peeply·concerned by the negative attitude andthe delibe:rate1'éftisalofcertainadministel'ingPowersto èo~oPèl'ate with.the Special,Committee. - ":Rèaffirming its .conviction that· any .delay in·the Implementation of the Declaration constitutes a contiJ:iufngsQul'ce. of international coQflict.seriously .. impe/jfng.lntel'Jlational co-operation and creating in -manyregiolls of tbe worldiIlcreasingly dangerous ~itgatiolls likely tothreateninternatioJlal peace and ·securlty. ,n••• "Solem:nly reiterates andreaffirms the objectives andprlnclplesenshrlned both ln the Declal'ation çontained ln resolutlon 1514 (XV) and inresolution 16G4(XVI), ... "UNes.·aIladIrlinisterlngPowerstatake hnmediate .. steps.inorc:iertMt all. coloDill~ territoîies andpeoples .-WllY ~ccede. to inc:iependencèWithoutdelayinaécordan.èe •• With •. the· provisionS·· of paragraph5 of· the Deèlaratioh~" .- , , - . . , 80.<Isho11ldalsolike to quote fl'om.resolution 1819 (XVII) Which the General Assembly adoptedon 18.Oec~mber1962afterhavingconsideredthe critical si~a­ tion in i\Jlgola. thel'eport oi the·SpecialCommittee on Territortesunder po~eseAdministratioIiand the .report ofthe<81lb-Committeeonthe SituationIJlAngola: .."Jtes(jlu~lyc911c;1e1'll!l,iggthe ma.s~é~rminatiohof t~e.1.ndigeJlol.lS P9pulàtioJl·of .Angola and.oth.ersevere J'éPreSSive ··lllea§Üresl:Jeing\lsedby the Pol'tugllese colQPial"ll\ltbotities.agàinst tlîeI>e0Pl~.of A.r1go1a. "Depkrl.'iJlgthe armed action beingtlikenbyPortu- ·ga}foi'thesuppre.ssion. of· the people Qf.Angola••• ....".1lilllatlJltltê'i'erl'itQrY ofAngol.a. llsip otlièr "];>0 .•.......•• '.• e$e"C91()IliEls.tl1èlnd1gl!nou.~poIm,latioll ls 4~llieq ~ll fûil(;Ùl.Ple~tal :r1.ghts.~" ... .••...····"ConVihoedthatthé c()loniaîwar~ing carried on bythéGo:vernment'ofPortugalinAngola •••• (constl- .tute.~l a ·sQQi'ceofinternl!.tional confUct' llndtéllsion • as, weil .·é!!àseriousthreattQworldpeaéeâïld seçuri~, . "Ù!) To release aIl political prisoners; "(Q) To lüt the ban on political parties; "(Q) To undertake extensivepolitical, economic and social méasures that would ensure the creation of freely elected and representative political institutions and transfer of pOwer to the people of Angola iÎl accordance withthe Declaration on the granting of independence to colOnial countries and peoples;". 81. What.halS Portugaldone J.nresponse to aU thes~ recommendations. dictated solelybythe desiretosafeguard peace .• and preserve co-operation amongpeoples after the elimination of colonial e.ubjection? Nothing. 82. How can Portugal believefor a single instant. with equanimity. that.itspersistentrefusalto implement.not only the very principles of our Charter concerning self-determination. thus depriving millions ofAfricans of their freedom to choose their future. but also the letter and spirit of resolution1514 (XV) which contains t'he Declaration on the grantiilgof independence to colonial countries and peoples-Irepeat. how can Portugal bèlieve for a single moment that aU these conditions taken together are not sufiiciently sertous to justify the convening of the Securtty Council? 83. The Malagasy delegation readily recognizes that Portugal has taken a fil'st step byagreeing to hold conversations with qualüied·Afrtcan representativês. However.my .delegation· expected more. and'.caililot conceal its disappointmént and surprtse at the lackof appreciati6n .or the ignorance that the representative of Portugal has shown regarding the goodwiU of the Afrtcanrepresentatives. WhO have neverhad any other atm than to defend the sacred cause of thefreedom ahd·independence of their oppressedAfl'icanbrothel's. We do not have. as he said yesterday. any"divine" mandate. but· simply a "human" tnandate to defenda Just cause: decoloDization. 11 1 11, l'iilvitation . ·leu:rs, 84.. Does the Foreign Mintster of Portugal reallybelieve' that. the fact that thé four Foreign Miilisters ! 1! 1 d~signatedby the oioganlzatio~ of Afrtcan Unity àccepted· the'. invitation to. go tOP0rtugal to investigate . the conditions prevailingin the Portugtiesè Overseas .Terrttories. to ..consider.questions relating. topeace and security and. lastly to discusspolitical andeconomicproblems, would· have made ..itpossibleJor them toachieve their goal. te~ the granting ofself-determinationandInèlependence to the Afrtcansof Angola. MozaIllbiqueand· so":calledPortuguese Guinea? 85•. AlI ofushere know thateven if the POrtqguese ,85; ·qov~rnIllent. shouldclecideto make improvem.ents. within the Portuguese nationalframework; în the administrativeorganization. the electoral systeIll.the various ....development· programmes •. particularlythosé relating to education andto the economy, to the Afri- 87••.......Eachcase,because of specialtechnicàl questions which·May arise, must he examinedinits own contexte •The Malagasy deiegation recognizes the need fOl'adequatelypreparlngthe colonial peoples for .self-determin:ation andindepenclence. That is why it would have been grateful to the repl'esentative oLPortugal for a statementofhis Govermnent's intention, setting up a time~table for a. scrupulous and sincere implementatiOn of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and the Secul'itYCouncil resolution of 31 July 1963. But the len:gthy stateinent .of the Portu~èse representativemadeyestel'day did riot containa single specific proposaI. 88. Inview ofsuchinconsistencyand Iack of ünderstanding, ft now· lies with the members of thishigh body to take adecisi.on in the light ofthe information atits disposaI and thll.t put before itby Afl'ican states. 89. The Mâlagasydelegation, like aIl AfricaftdelegatiQns,. desires.to-co-opera:te with. aIl peoplesprovided -that.theycQmply-with thefundamental principles of our ChaJ:'terand show respect for humanrigqts. My delegatipn. cationly deplore thefactthat the representativêof Portugal should still so fài;' rnisunderstand the deep..·feelings of Africans that lii. couldsày in bis _. si!~eçhyest.erday that when the ,\fdcand,elegations S'pè~Clf péace, andse~rity. they mean their peace apd~their secui'ity, thus implying that t~ey are not i.ntè~este~inthepeaceandsecudtyofthe re.stof the w:orld.'thatasserti0n is not true, for he knowsbetter tllan anyoneelse tl1at A,fI'icahasneither the financial and ·militâ,J:'Y· means, nor thetime and desire ta wage war. ·~eliigerellceis alien to itspersonality·and contral.'Yto itscOnvictions. . . 90~'1'he,Umehascome tocallPortugal toaccount. Now thatworiclcoIlscience has. recogni?Jed thatan end must be· pUt to colonialism andtoits attendant practices .ofsegregll.tion anci .discIimination,now that a nUlllbel',oÎdèpéncÎenfterritprieshavè.acceded.or.are .ev~,nnowacc:ledingtofreedom anciJndependencethrough tlll~processc6fse]f-determillation,~tis.inconceivable tllât)?ortllgaishouid nersist, iIlthename ofcompletely J)ut,,:datedprinCip'~es•. in •its .refUSaI to move forward with·.th~streamofl1istory,f1agrantlyviolating thepro- -rli;JioIlsç,fthe United NatiorisCharteruppnwhicl1 our action isfounded. Mozambique, Angola and the other :Ter:r:.ltol'ies are DOt. Portuglleseprovinces; they are t,errttOriesiQliapitedbY AfI'ica~s who arejustly and legltiihately.qesirous ofe1Cpressing theirAfrican ~l"sonality. •. J~l•. ·Â_âraftr~solution [S/5480]has.been subinitted· f()r',thécÇou~ci1's_consideration.Itwas draÏtedin dis- .'~ -otficial.R~ëordsotthe GenèralAssernbly, .SèventeeIith Session, ·pienaFYMeetings,-H72ndmeflting, .plQ:'a.llS. 92. The .PRESIDENT: 1 thank the representative of Madagasoar. 1 have no further speakers onmylist for Ws afrernoon. Several delegations' have expressed a desire f() have a little time ta obtain instruotions in regard ta the dtaft resolutiôn whloh ..'lad Just been submitted and to prepare their comments upon it. Therefore, if there is no objection 1propose that'we adjourn until tamorrow afternoon at 3 o'olock. 92. cie orateur gatlons de vernement d'~tre suree tions,que 93. Ml'. QUAISON-SACKEY (Ghana): Ml'. President, we had already, indicated our intention that this draft resolution shouldbe, introdueed this afternoon, sinee it is before the Counoil, to allow'members to ponder and, to act upon it tomorrow. We feel that it should he possible for a decision" to ·be made by theCounoil ta allow the Foreign Ministe~s who want ta travel ta do so. Therefore, with your permission, Ml'. President, 1 should like formaUy to introduee the draft resolution [S/5480]. 93·. glais]: présenter puisqu'il du sion deql8.in. au aux de, Président, le 94. sentant du 95. glais]: et des le saisi[S/5480].

The representative of Ghana has the floor. 95. Ml'. QUAISON-SACKEY (Ghana): On behalf of the delegations of Moroooo, Philippines and Ghana, supported by the fOUI" ForeignMinisters~ 1introduCe the draft resolution, which' is now before the Council [S/5480]. 96~ ,Thedraft resolution is the result ofbardthiIiking and cloSe consultation with the members ofthe Counoil and other interested parties. It ls basad on the main points which have been advaneed here in regardto the report of the Secretary-General. In this draft resôlutionthere are foui' preambular paragraphs recalling the' last security Council resolution and the General Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) of 15 Deceinber 1960, which laid down prinoiples regarding the concept of self-determination and mentioned with appreciationin thelastpreamb.ularpa:ragraphthe secretary-General's initiative in establ,!shing contact between representatives of Afl'ioa.n States and representativesof tlle Portuguese Government. 96 pesés. avec intéressées., vations d\l prend résolution (XV) 1960, l'autodétermination, avece;atisfaction général sentants du 97. existait et tation a qui entendent 98. contacts Portugal le née 97. It ..'las been made abundantly cieal' to the Council that there was a divergence be~een Portugal and the African states concerning the' interpretation of the princlple of self-determination. Therefore,the Council ..'las beenrequested to confine itself to establishing beyondany doubt what the United Nations means by .self-determination. 98. In paragraph 1 the Counoil is to regret that the contact whioh was established between the African Stll.tesand Portugal did not achieve the desired ree;ults because, .ae; we made very cleal' he,re, it was Portugal's refusaI to aceept the United Nations in- "Requests that aIl States should refrain forthWith from offering the PortugueseGovernmentany assistance which would enableitto continue its repression of the peoples of the Territories under its administration. and take aIl measures to prevent the sale and supply of arms and military equipment for this purpose to the Portuguese G<)vernment;". 100.. In paragraph 3 we ask the Council to deprecate the non-compliance of the Government of Portugal With the resolution .of 31 JuIy. In facto we could have used the term "condemns" but "deprecates" has been used.as a result of consultation and agreement. 101. Paragraph 4: "Reaffirms .the Interpretation of self-determina- :lon aslaiddowninGeneralAssemblyresolution 1514 (XV)asfollows: "'AU pëopleshave the right toself-determination; by. virtue .of that right they freely determine.their political status and freely. pursue their economic. !=IClCial aM cultural development';". Paragraph 5: "Notes General. Assembly .resolution 1542 (XV). which .en.umerated. interalia. territories under Pbrtugllese .adn:l.inistratfon as falling underthe category· of .Non-8elf-Govern.ing Territories Within the ~ meaningofChapter XI of the Charter;". Thisparagraphis important beca'Use resolution 1542 (~l enumerated anum:ber ofcountries. We agree that a great delllllas happened since that resolution was palSsed. but we think tbat there are still in existence Non-$élf-Governing Territories under Portuguese administration. We think the Council should take note of the.. fact· that· Angola. Mozatnbique. Cabinda and Portuguese Gtûnea are those countries whichwe have ÏJ11lling. . 102.>Inpa.ragraph 6 weexpress the be1ief tbat if the Portugue$e Goverhment takes action to grant an amnestytoallpersons who.have been imprisoned or exiled foradvocating s.elf-determination or fighting f()r the independence of their territory•. this·act!on by the Port'\lguese GovernmeJlt WiU bean evidence of its ~ooQ f~th. 10~. .Opè:rative paragraph 7: "Requests the 8ecretary- GeJleralto cont!n\le With hisefforts and report to the Cq\,U1ciLngt later than l June 1964"• 10:4. . It·ls··our view.ihat.the present draftresolution which 1 havejust introducedshould be read in conjtUi.ction. Witll the Security CÔunçf.1 resolutioJlof 31 July 1~63; in.fa,ct. Urey. a,re complelllelltary~ l05.··lShouldÎiketo enrphasiz& the last paragraph qtthe>·present.draft. resolùtion....paragraph 7.· Tllis pa.:r.agraphismeant torequest tbe 8ecretary-General 106. particulièrement .de les voie colonialiste portugais. 106. We are confident that if the right pressures are exerted on Portugal by all of us, especially by the permanent members ofthe Security Council and Brazil, we should be on the road to removing the Portuguese colonialist incubus in Africa. 1/)7. inscrite lution, au de Nous mesures res pines élaboré prêts mettent dont 108. étrangères droit il au·Portugal. 109. représe1;ltants aprèS-midi? .l10. .n'y se. pourrons 107. We would inform the Council that the date of 1 June 1964 has been putthere deliberatelybecause by mid-year of 1964 the African Heads of State will be meeting to discuss a number of vital issues affecting Africa. We could have asked for sterner measures at tbis time, but the ForeignMinisters ofGhana, Morocco and the Philippines have producedthis draft, backedby all African States, to indicate our willingness to adopi: measures which would bepracticable andwouldenable thefriends of Portugal ta exert the pressures which 1 have mentioned. 108. As the Foreign Minister of Madagascar has just said, our mandate is not a divine one; it isa.human mandate. And, as he said, the time has come when Portugal should be brought to bOt)k.

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