S/PV.1084 Security Council

The Council will now begin its consideration ,of the applications, for admission to membership of the Unitep. Nations submitted by Zanzibar and by Kenya. Perhaps to expedite the discussion of these applications, 1 could suggest that representatives fee! free ,to ·refer, in the,course of their statements, to ~he applications contained in sub-items (~J and (h) of our agenda; and once con~ sideration has been concluded theCouncilwill, of cour~e, take separate votes on the two applications. The delegations of Ghana, Morocco and the United l{il1gdom have'l:abled two draft resolutions in this connexion: t.,lJ.e first, [S/5483 and Add.l] li relates to the, application of Zanzibar:, the second [S/5:484 and Add.l].Yto the ,application of KenYa. 2. 1 noW give thefloôr to the firstspeaker inscribed on my list-the.representative of the United Kingdom. 2.J'e sur sécurité,dix,..huitième cembre sécurité. cembre 4. Zanzibar and Kenya epitcmize·thediversity of membership of our Organization. The first comprises two islands with a total area of justover 1,000 square miles and a population of approximately 320,000 people. . 5. The second is a large country on the nearby Africanmainland of about 225,000 square miÏes, with a population of nearly 9 million pet;>ple. 6. Both have mutual links that stretch back into history and both came within the British orbit at approximately the same time, in the last.decade of the nineteenth century. 7. Political advance in both territories has followed the. pattern typiéal (-lf most British territories moving from dependent status through internaI self-government to full independence. Both Kenya and Zanzibar took a decisive step towards this goal in 1960. 8. The Kenya Constitutional Conference whieh was held in London in January and Februaryof 1960 led to the introduction of a much broader franchise and the establishment of 'a majority of elected members in the CounciLofMinisters. In Zanzibar, aconstitutionalCommissioner ·recommended. a new constitution with an elected majority in both the Legislative Council and the Executive COUncil, with the leader of the ~ajority part)',becoming Chief Minister. 9. The next decisive step came in the spring of i962 whéIi .'constitutional· conferences on both territories were held· in London. After many weeks of intensive' dis?ussions, tl1.~·Kenya. conferencereached agreement ouille framework of a new constitution which prov:îdédfor a 'bicameral legislature and a strong and effectivl;l ceiitralgovernment undér a prime minister. Ill. lùidition, six regiOI).al assemblie5 were tobe estab~ lished, with· consid.érable responsibilities for such m.atters·. as·'agriculture. education, local government aridpublic ·1'lealth. The conference alsodecided to forro â nationalgélvernment fortlie period prior to the introduètion of the new constitution, and Ml'. Kenyatta and ~Ii-. Ngala, leaders of the two main politicaI'parties, took office as Miri.isters of State in the new Government. 10. The Zanzibar Conference, which was held at the saine time, did not at first succeed in making 0' q\J;i.tesuchprogress,owing te some disagreements hetween the Zanzibar ministers and the delegation fromtpe' PPtJ9sition on the programme forfurt!ler 'àdvance to internaiself-government ancHndependence. Both, parties agreed, however, on the expansion of 11. accéder M. obtenu et plus de 1963, arrêté ment pour 11. General elections were held in Kenya in May 1963, after which Kenya achieved fùll internaI self.. government, with Mr. Kenyatta becoming Prime Minister. Zanzibar achieved full internaI self-government on 24 June 1963 and general elections were held two weeks later. The final step in the constitutiqnal advance of these territories was the holding of independence conferences in October 1963, atwhich the independence constitutions were agreed and the final dates for independence-lO Decembe:r for Zanzibar and 12 December for Kenya-were s~';.. 12. 1 have briefly mentioned the successi.ve stages of constitutional advance in Kenya and Zanzibar, because they illustrate how effective are the methods of discussion, negotiation and conciliation in the process of advancement of dependent territories to independenoe. The accession to independence of both cOuntries hasbeen complicated by the presence, in both, of different racial groups, and bya divergence of view between the two principàl political parties on major· constitutional issues. These have now been successfully overcome by these methods and my Government's brief colonial association with Zanzibar and Kenya has come ta an end. 1 use the word "brief" advisedly, since manyare still alive who remember the first days of J;3ritish responsibility in the area. 12. de zibar, méthodes liation dépendants pendance par différents prinoipalLx titutionnelles dont . ces tion et il viennent britannique 11 1 1 13. envoyé M. 13. 1 should lik~ here to quote from my Prime Minister's message to Mr. Kenyatta on the occasion of Kenya's independence: "Independence .is the fulfilment of the purposes for which the British Government. and the peoples of Kenya have worked together over the past years. We rejoice with you on this memorable day." 14. Our association, henceforth, will be different. As the Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and the Colonies, Mr. Duncan Sandys, put it: 14. différent. relations M. "1 am sure that independence will in no way loosen the ties of friendship between our two countries. On the contrary, 1 feel confident that our new ;elà- tionship will open up widel' opportunities for fruitful oo-operation and willenable us, as fellow members of the Commonwealth, to work more fully together in the cause of international understanding." 15. Conseil la 15. It is traclîtional that the sponsor.s of an applioation for membership, in this Council; should also mnke reference to the economicviabi1!.ty of the applicant. 16. Dans l'exportation 16. Zanzibar is renowned for its fertility. It has, in thepast, had a major tradein the exportof cloves. This ,has now fallen on IIl,ore difficult days,- as former differ~n.ces in crop yields, world priees and tracte policies of importing countries. 17. Kenya's economy is also basically agricultural and pastoral, with agriculturalproducts accounting for betweén 80 and 90 per cent, hy value, of aIl domastic exports. The monetary economy relies heavily on the three principal export cro1liJ of coffee, sisal' and. tea. These were developed. initially by farmers of European·ol'igin who continue to play a major part in th~ir cultivation. Recently,· however, there has been arapidexpansion. in the prodùctionofcash crops by Afripan farmers, a process which has been ac- çelerated since, 1960 when newplans were introduced by the Kenya Government for the purchase of certain European farmlands. and. their resettlement by Africans. 18. Industrial production is also increasing steadily and in 1962 accounted. for some 10 per cent of the total domestic product. Most industries are stîll small but among the larger enterprises are a cement iIidustry, produèing the wholeofKenya's requirements and a surplus for export, and a recently completed oH refinery at the main deep-water port of Mombasa. Plans are in hand for steelrolling mills and the development of pulp, paper and forest products ind~triés, while tourism provides an increasingly important source of revenue. 19~ l havé demonstrated, therefore, that Zanzibar and. Kenya have become independent with established democratic institutions and the resources to sustàin independence.They are-to use the terms of Article 4 of theCharter-"peace-loving States. which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter". l am confident that aIl my colleagues. will agree that they areabJe andwilling ta carry out these obligations. l havé 'no hesitation, therefore,. in recommending to . thisCouncil the drait resolutions which are now before us and which l am sure will receive the unanimous supportaf all of us here. 20•. In view of the time, .I shall be glad, li you agree, Mr. President. and myFrench colleague also agrees, to waive the French translation of my statement, on the usual understanding. 21. .. Mr. QUAISON-SACKEY (Ghana):It is providential thaton this occasion my delegation should be here to. sponsor the .adnü:;;sion of Kenya and Zanzibar, because today may weIl be a fitting culmination of Ghana's stewardship on the Council. 23. montre, universellement principe ici dépendance' les matie et Elle effusions sanctifiées cacité tion 24. rendre Zanzibar, nous, grand pays je cetteenoeinte, pensées gouvernements tageons 23. The independence of Zanzibar and Kenya has once more vindicated the unY:rsally acceptedprincipIe of self-determi'.,ation WInch but a fe\\' days ago in this chamber we were striving hard to convince Portugal to accepte It has confoundedthe protagonists of the pernicious doctrine of white supremacy in Africa. The progress of Zanzibar and Kenya to nationhood has not been smooth. It is a grim story of bitterness. frustration alld even bloodshed.but this has been hallowed by the determina~ion,courage and vision of the leaders who have today realized the fulfilment of their desires. 24. On this momentous occasion, therefore, it is fit~ ting to pay tribute'to the Sultan àndto the Prime Minister of Zanzibar. Muhammed Shamte Hamadi, who is here today, and to the Prime Minister of Kenya, the great Kenyatta, whose inspired leadership has brought their countries to the attainment of nationhood. As l speak, l see Ml'. Oginga Odinga here, and l gre~t mm on behalf of Ghana. Our thoughts and good wishes also go to the Governments and peoples of these two nations whose rejoicing we share. 25. Zanzibarhas been knO\Vl1 as the IiIsIe of Cloves".• This great ancient country has an historie name almost equalling that of Ethiopia inits antiquity. After the interlude of British rule, Zanzibar now belongs to itself and we here salute Zanzibar. 2.E de ,porte que domination de· 2B.Et il des de dans aussi payex.Nousavons c'.est more, l' être' qui 26. And now. Sir. l know that on this occasion it is not thé thing to look back and to speak about painful memories, but l cannot avoid makingabriefreferenCe to the struggles of Kenya, because thereindependenc~ has not come so smoothlY. They have bought their independenoe. We know about the Mau, Mau and, that i8 who l wish to refer to George Padmore, who now lies buried in Ghana, and whose friendship with Jomo Kenyatta cannot be ig"'''ired at this time. It was George Padmore whowrote: "The very term 'Mau Mau' was invented by the settler Press to discredit the popular African leaders and to justify the white man's legalized terror against a once peaceful and long-sUffering people. Long before· the world outside Keriyaever heard· of Mau Mau, the Africans were beggingand praying the British Government for help and deliverance from the white settlers' rule. They did so through what restricted constitutional means were open to them. The firstattempt at peaceful agitation started as farback as 1922, when a group of Kikuyu young men, ,a1'rlOng them Jomo Kenyatta ••• formed the East Afi'5can Association. This society ,was soon suppressed for protesting against the eV:lctionof AfricanEi frorn the Highlands to make 27: Of course,now, everything belongs to history.· Today, after aIl the struggles byJomo Kenyatta,by Achieng Oneko, Fr~d KUllai, Bildad Kaggia, Kungu Kuruma, and Paul. Ngei, Kenya has now achieved its independence. 28. Jomo Kenyatta· is the latest example of the proverbial·stone which the colonialists rej~ctedbutwhich later became tl:l.e cornerstone of Kenya's independence. Like .other doughty freedom fightere, maligned, despised an!l persecuted, he emerge(i' from prison to lead ,his; people to freedom. The London Financial Times of 12 December, this year, quite rightly under... scored this point when it said: "It Is a happy paradox.· that Mr. Jomo Kenyatta, the Prime Ministe:t', once public enemy number one to thé'European. settlers, ls now règarded by them as the besthOpe for moderation in the ruling Kenya Mrican National Union." 29. This ie a great tribute to the good sense and Moderation of Kenyatta. Since assuming the reins of office he has tackled' the nurnerous problems of bis country 'withcandour, realismand courage. One of the greatest challenges facing the Government and people 'of Kenya is thè successfull creationofa multiracial society, or non-racial society, which will guarantee the,fundamental freedoms to aIl irrespective of race, colour or creed. Far from looking back with rancour. Kenyatta isfacingthe futurewith a spirit ofioJ:'giv~It~SSand cc-oPeration for the good of aIl. 30. JomoK:enyattafspublic utterances have given hisbitterestcritics some cause for satisfaction, for contraryto expectation, he haspreached unity, peace and brotherhood. The Government of Kenya is end.eavouring to Iive up to, the parts of its election manifesto which reads : "TheKANU Government will welcome those non- MI'ica.ns >who choose to join with us in the noble task,of building a Kenya nation. Their training, tlleir skillsand their knowledge will be of greatest value to J18. Weare confident that those who show confidence. in us will appreciate the need to pass on to the. nationwhat they. can teachthe people. They 'Will be fully accepted by us, not only through legal forms, but in our hearts. "Fa.r from. accepting the inevitability of tribal andracialantagonisms, we believe these differences are a. challenge and an opportunity for creating a natiCln united. in its purpose, yet rich in the diversity ofitspeople." 31•. 'l\1Y delegation is confident that the success of this •• experitnent in Kenya and Zanzibar will' imbue the. freedom-fighters. ,of SQuthern Rhodesia, South Mricà and South West Mrica~ith.courage to pursue thei!' struggle with Tenewed v,igour and faith in the eventual sUccess of their endeavours. mais 33. Both Kenya and Zanzibar have great potentialities for building a sound, viable integrated community with a common purpose. Theirproblemsare manifold, but we a11 believe that their leaders and people will face them with detel'mination. fortùue. temps: d'ordre: 34. Tc the independent states of Africa, the addition of two new Members is a welcome event. Theil' contributions to our joint endeavours to unite our continent and iree Africa from the last vestiges of colonialism will be inestimable. Tried in the crucible of the anti-colonial struggle, the leaders of Kenya and Zanzibar will no doubt enrich our deliberations in the various committees of the Organization of African Unity. It was Jomo Kenyatta himself who, long ago, said: "The struggle of Africa is inspired by two watchwords : freedom and unity. li 35. The United Nations, that is, our world Organization will also benefit from the accession to membership of thf'se two new States. Their experience . in the successful creation of. multiracial societies will undoubtedly give a new impetus to our efforts in solving sorne of the most intractable problems· now facing us in Africa. It iS8n enccuraging sign that the United Nations is steadily moving towards its objective of universality. We look forward with pleasure to welcoming the representatives of Zanzibar and Kenya as a crowning achievement of the work of the eighteenth session. 36. My delegation bas no doubt whatsoever that Zanzibar and Kenya can bear the obligationsunder Article 4 of the Charter. Thatis why, in concluding, my delegation would like once more to express its sincere congratulations ta the Governments and peopIes of Zanzibar and Kenya and the hope that they will cherish their hard-won independence and develop their countries in an atmosphere of peace and tranqUillity. 37. My delegation supports the statement made by the representative of the United Kingdom and hi~ recommendations and we urge tho Council to a.dopt the two draft resolutions on Zanzibar and Kenya, unanimously. discours. 38. If· there are no objections from the Frenchspeaking delegations, 1 wish, Sir, to waive thetranslation of my speeéh. débat deux d'une

My delegation is particularly glad to note that within a few days this Council has turned frorn a very distressing debate concerning the fate of two African countries to the examination today, on this happy occasion, of the fate and the aâmission of two otherAfrican countries which are joining our Organization. 41. 1 would nevertheless recall that it was a Moroccan historian who, starting from the northernm.ost point of the African continent, Tangier, was the first to giye-at least to Africa-an account of East Africa, that i8 to say of Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika and the islands, particularly Zanzibar. That historian, Thn Batouta, \Vas a symbol of the first link between Morocco and that part of Africa. 42. 1 would also recall that the difficult years .of Kenya's struggle for independence coincided with those in which my country was experiencing the worst of the cr:sis in its relations with France. Not only was there an inherent natural solidarity between two countries, but at the same time whenthe Moroccan crisis was resolved there was the same hope. On the day on which our independence wasproclaimed we prayed for the peoples of Kenya and Zanzibar, who were.not yet independent. 43. There were also relations between Morocco and Kenya at the leve! of that struggle, through contacts between the leaders. 1 am glad to see, among the two delegations, leading personalities whom 1 had the honour of knowing during their struggle'and during ours. 1 rejoice to see them today not merely waiting for the result of a triàl but waiting before the gate of honour for admission to this Organization. 44. The former King of Morocco was one of the first important persons to appeal to Hel' Majesty the Queen of Great Britain for the liberation of Jomo Kenyatta: and the former Minister for National Education of Zanzibar, when his country was going through a very difficult period, made identical approaches to the King of Morocco. 1 would take this opportunity of assuring him that in future my country will offer ta both delegations the samesolidarity and the same support. 45. But 1 should like to make a kind of prayer. At the moment when these two countries areachieving independence, 1 think we should thank God that their struggle is' over and ask that, in addition to the courage and wisdom of their leaders, Gad should grant· themHis help in. the innumerable difficulties which await them. It will be in the interests of all Afiicaif these diffîculties are settled by reasonable and balanced means. The present extension of this freedom to East Africa will benefit the whole of Airica, .whi<;)h is endeavouring, though with difficulty, ta ach!eve that unity which aH desire. 46.' .romo Kenyatta spoke as a guest aUhe Conference of African Uriity in Addis Ababa:we await thé day, which is noUar off, whenhe will spéak as the representative . of a new Inember of the Organization of African Unity. 48. l cannot close without commending the attitude of the United Kingdom, which sometimes, proceeding by roundabout ways which we find hard to follow but which it believes that it alone understands, finally cornes to make gestures of this kind. Our satisfaction today is caused by the presence of these two delegations, t"lt we cannot fail to hope that the same gesture will one day be made with regard to other Mrican territorie.s which remain under the same domination. 49. There is no need for me to add the observations already made by my coIleagues who have spoken before me, but, if my English-speaking colleagues agree, l can refrain from asking for an interpretation of my speech. 50. Ml'. SEYDOUX (France) (translated from French): Only a few days ago two neighbouring Mrican countries achieved international sovereignty. Mter seventy years of British protectorate or colonization, the peoples of Zanzibar and Kenya, at an inter'lal of forty-eight hours, took their national destby into their own hands. The simultaneous occurrence of these two events is not only a symptom of what is called "the acceleration ofhistory". It is also important because it marks the conclusion of a great work of decolonization. One after the other, aIl the countries in East Africa which were undèr United Kingdom administration have now achieved independence. That resuIt is a credit both to the former Administering Power and to the peoples of the a1'ea. 51•. Zanzibar, which enjoys a privileged geographical situation, has always been a "cross roads" of the Indian Ocean and the history of the archipelago goes far back into the pasto l shaIl not recaIl aIl the stages of recent political evolution which our United Kingdom colleague has just described so clearly; but l should like to stress the consistency of Zanzibar's constitutional progress, foeowing the now classic pattern which Is characteristic of British overseas policy. 52. From the first legislative elections in 1957 to the general election of July 1963, Zanzibar rapidly completed the stages which were to bring it to internaI self-government and then, after the London Conference in September 1963, to full independence. 53. It is encouraging to note that the opposition which at times divided the different ,Jectors of the population has now been toned down. The citizens of the new State will therefore be able to devote themselves, without reservation, to the management of the national patrimony. 54. The members'of the Council have seen the cable of 10 December 19631J from the authorities of Zan- 1/ Ibid., document S/5478. 55. In welcoming Zanzibar as the 112th Member of our Organization, 1 am glad to offer my country's sincere good wishes for the happiness and prosperity of the new State and its people. 56. Kenya, with its 8 million inhabitants in an area of 575,000 square kilometres, has one of the best farming economies in Africa, substantial mineraI resources. and an industry which, though still on a. small scale, has been constantly progressing since the end of the Second World War. 57. Admittedly, politica! progress in this area has sometimes been hampered by the existence of communities of very different origins, whose interests it was at first difficult to reconcile. The events of the last decade, however, belong to the past and we cannot but be struck by the speed of the development that has taken place during the last three years. After the London Conference of January 1960, events followed a new course. Beginning with a system under which, in both the Council of Ministers andthe Legislative Counci!, the numbers of nominated members and elected members were practically equal, Kenya last May reached the stage of internaI seif-government. !ts institutions, based on the bicameral principle, are truly democratic in nature. Moreover, in order to take account of local tendencies, an original system has been devised which establishes a balance between the cenhal and the regional authorities. On 12 December, Kenya joyfully celebrated the proclamation of its independence, a short time after its immediate neighbours, Tanganyika and Uganda. 1 am sure that the ceremonies held on that date in the great city of Nairobi, in the presence of the Duke of Edinburgh .and the representatives of eighty nations including my pwn, will be an unforgettable merripry for our Kenyan friends. 58. On behalf of my colÏntry, which maint&'ns close and friendly relations with Africa, 1 offer the leaders and people of· Kenya sincere good wishes for their future, and the hope that aU the c10mestic and foreign problems which they may have to face will always be settled in harmony and concord. 59. The Prime Minister of Kenya, in his cable of 12 December 1963.11 requesting that his country be admitted to our OrganizaÜon, states that.his Government underta.kes to ·fulfi! the obligations contained in .the United Nations ·Charter. The French delegation is glad to take note of thatundertaking. 6Q. My delegation will havegreat satisfaction in voting in favour ·of draftresolution, submitted jointly by our colleagues of the United Kingdom, Gha~a and Morocco. which 1 am sure will also obtainaunanimous 62. Ml'. FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): The Soviet people has always welcomed with sincere satisfaction the appearance on the world scene of new independent States arising in place (Ji colonial empires, as a further step towards transforming the contemporary world into a world without colonies or colonial oppression. 63. During the past few years, and particula:rly since the adoption of the historic Declaration onthe granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, the progress of the national liberation movem~l!lt of the peoples of colonies and dependent territories has led to the cre:üion of a \\lhole series of independent States, especiaUy On the continent of Africa• 64. Whereas in 1958 there were only nine sovereign States in Africa, and more than three quarters of the African people suffered lmder cruel colonial domination, today there are thirty-four independent Africau States. Only a few days age, on 10 December, Zanzibar became a sovereign State. On 12 December, Kenya joined the ranks of independent States, emerging victorious from many years of struggle for its freedom and independence. 65. Up to the present time, 230 million Africans have cast the yoke of colonial rule from their shoulders, and a few centres of alien bondage remain on the map of Africa. 66. As a result of the upsurge of the national liberation movement among the peoples of the colonies and dependent territories, the yearly consideration of the question of the adminissionof new Members to the United Nations has become an important practice of the Organization. As the colonial countries and peoples gain independence, the ranks of Members of the United Nations swell with accompanying change:::; in the qualitative character of our Organization. The Soviet Union regards the grov.th in United Nations membership as a reflection of the victories won by the colonial peoples over the forces which strive to delay the process of liquidating the system of colonial oppression. Much of course remains to be done, in the United Nations as elsewhere, so that freedorn may triumph in every corner ofthe globe; thestruggle for the final victory of the ideas of freedom, equality and brotherhood requires a vast amount of effort aud energy. 67. The Soviet nation is happy to hail the growth of these forces and extend a warm welcorne t() thepeoples of Zanzibar and Kenya upon their entry into our inter... national family. We are sincerely happyto see, and welcome inthishall, the representatives of Zanzibar and Kenya. 68. When we receive these new States into the ranks of the United Nations., the whole oftheroad of unremitting struggle, suffering and privation mûQlds inevitably before our eyes.....fhat road whichthe peoples Qi' Zanzibar a.nd Kenya had to travelbe~oI'ethrowlng off the shllckles of colonial oppression~ 70. It is no departure from historical truth to say that Zanzibar and Kenya did not receivetheirfreedom as a güt. No matter with wha~ eloquence the representatives of the colonial Powers talk.here and in other United Nations organs, about their "magnanimity" and "voluntary departure" from their colonies. Zanzibar and Kenya have drunk ~be cup of colonial bitterness to the dregs. The colonial past has brought much misfortune and difficulty to these countries. and its consequences will be feIt for a long time to come, until measures have been taken for the rapid political. economic and social developmo'lt in which the· real interests of the peoples of Z ..f· ~ibar and Kenya lie. 71. For the former British protectorate of Zanzibar, the attainment of independence is the signal for a rebirth of the prosperity of the country which was once the pearl of Mrica; it is a call to eliminate the one"'sided, single-crop character of the economy, to develop industry in the modern meaning of that word. to apply the country's resources in satisfaction of its population's vital needs, and to eliminate illiteracy-in a ward, to remove everything that Zanzibar inherited from alien domination in the ecenomic and political field, education. health and so forth. 72. The attainment of independence is a turningpoint, the beginning of a new road; but it is at the sametime aweapon in the fight for genuine national sovérèignty .andtheèlimination of thedifficulties confronting the young States on theit path to independent existence, on the path to the strengthening and consolidating not only of theil' political but also of their economic independence. 73.'l'hE:!S~vietpeople welcomes the aspiration of the people of .. ,ZanÛbar:-e~ressed on 9 December by that. countryYs Prime Minister. Muhammed Shamte H!i1p.adi...... to, "createa prosperous, strongand democratic State", and alsD its çourse towards'apolicy ofn6n--alignment and of unity with the Mrican countriesi. The people of Zanzibar. in its Prime Minister's words. "wantsZanzibar to use its influence, however srnaU.àndits voice, however weak, for the goodof the wl1Qle' world andparticularly. for .the good of millions of our.friends and neighbours in East and Central Africa"• . 74•• i. SU,Ch •• a •statement C!UUlot but be" approvedj for experienClE:!shows thafonly a policy of non-particip~tiQtlinthemilitaryblocsof the, Western Powers canfreethe'youngStates of,Asia' and Mrica from the neédio!' a one-sidedoriéntation, and give them theopportunity to Cievelop relations with aU countries. 71).'·'i'It il;; .withspecial'. plèasurè that the Soviet delegati0n.welc0rn.,es. the Independence of Kenya. whose people'was one ofthefirst tostir itself to action on beha.Jf of'itsnationalfi'eedom and independèncG. We ar.ebQund,tOexpress our feeling of admiration ane! profQ'undrespèct for the gallant people of Kenya. ~t:selfwith large-scale optimistic plans. 76.. The election manliesto of the ruling party, the Kenya African National Union, stated that the attainment of independence, which had been fought for so long was not a goal in itself. Itmerely gave the people an opportunity to work, without interference, for the creation of a democratic African socialist Kenya. 77. The proclamation of KenyaIS independence is an outstanding event in the historieal process of the African continent'sliberation from the last remnants of colonial rule. And today the people of Kenya is fighting to put its programme into effect. 78. In the economic sphere, there is Kenya's sixyear development plan, which will begin to be implemented next July. Kenya's economic problems are particularly serious: its Government int0nds to restrict items of expenditure and build up resotr'~es in order to implement its industrial development pla.ns and at the same time, like many other countries on the African continent, to Africanize Us administrative machinel'y. 79. In the political sphere it is the liquidation of military bases as weIl as the elimination of separatist tendencies and tribal rivalries which, li not e:;;.1;irpated in· time, will flourish luxuriantly and weaken the country's° resistance to outside attempts to render Kenya IS political independence hollow. 80. Il1 the social sphere, it means the elimination of illiteracy and disease, and the creating of new livi~g °conditions for the indigenous population of the country. 81. In the international sphere, it means breaking out from the isolation imposed upon Kenya byalien colonialism. 82. There can be no douM that the people of Kenya hassufficient strength and wisdom to solve aU these problems. Late in May of this year, Prime Minister Jorno Kenyatta addressed to the people ofhis country a passionatè and moving manifesto. He read it in Nairobi before a vast gathering: "Harambee~ That is the watchword 1 give to each of our citizens today, as we begin to· build a new Kenya. This word means 'let us aUget up, putour shoulders to the wheel and go'. A hard task awaits uS,the reward for which willbe the knowledge that each of us Is a vitally important part in the splendid and Inspiring construction of a new socialistKenyan nation. Wewill nCit recognize any master In our socialist economy. We will.cast -off theburdenof .colonialism andnot look baokto the past-thebitterness of racial strïfe, the deprivationof basic rights, the suppression of-our culture." 84. The Soviet Government ha3 formally recognized Zanzibar and Kenya as independent sovereign States, and has expressed its readiness to establish diplomatic relations with Zanzibar and Kenya and to ~.. change diplomatic representatives with them. 85. The Soviet delegation extends its warm wishes to the peoples of Zanzibar and Kenya for complete success in their struggle for free and independent devélopment. Naturally, what the young States need above aIl, in order to construct a new Ilie, ispea.ce. This latest increase in the United Nations, therefore, is alsoan increase in the ranks of the peace-Ioving forcesfighting to strengthen peace throughout the \VorId. 86. The USSR delegationsupports the declarations and applications· before the Security Council for the ad,.. mission of Zanzibar and Kenya to membership in the United Nations. Thé Soviet Union de1egation wîll vote in favour of the draft resolutibns submitted to us. 87. MI'. President, 1 should like, if 1 may,· to follow thegood example of mycolleagties and not insist on Consecutive interpretatïon into Englishand,by the saIne token, into French. -- - 88.. MI'. BORJA (Philippines): It.is with genuine pleaf;JlÎ:rethat the· Philippinedelegation, before·ft ends its term. asa non-permanent member of the Security Counoil, is considering the admission of Kenya and Zanzibarto. the United Nations. 89•.. The recent.illdependênce of Kenya. and.Zanzibar s'ignifief;Jonce:-morè.the Inevitable emergence of C()loni~~ .•1nto .independent .'states•. Ris fitting that the cQW'po~itionOf the United.Nations should rèflectthese ess~mtialGl1aIlgesWh19h are trldylandmar}{s, tnarkîng tl1èprO~èss•.•Of •.One ·.of the life-giving· principlesof the. United Nations, which is decblonlzation, or, In0re ftindamenta.lly, the freedQ..... of Ml pèoples. 99••• Kenya, .. elldowedwitl1riGl1naturalresources. and IJopulatecl byvigprous a,ndgiftedinha,l:litants, promiSeS to beone of Africa's mQstpro~perousnations. That . GQYntrr's· future-is,·!l1or~Q';er,brighteIledbythe announcetr:lelltorKeIlya'SOQ\lrageo.us and .wise leader, l?r!Iné. Minister· J OIn0' I<Ell)yatta,.th1'!hisGovernInént aiml:l topurslleapoljcy of m\lltiragïa.lharmoll,Y, 00- 9Pt:lràtiQn·.. ang .enterprise•. The Philippine'.gelegation ispartiGlila.rlybeartenedl)y. tbisdeyelopment, for 'Nebeli~ve,alollg.'Nitbthefal',..si~htedarchiteotsof tnOdt:llm:Kenya,t}?atna,tiqll'""cbuilding ·rnustbl\ll)asedon mtltJ.l,!ih!iooomm,edatiQn !i.nd respect; that iStheeselence gf (}ernQcra,oyand freedom• 92. The Philippine delegation therefore gladly welcornes the admission of Kenya and of Zanzibar to the United Nations. We are certain thatthesetwocountries will creditably ,'1_cquit themselves under the Charter and will contribute their ample share in making our Organization a Vital instrument for creative peace and genuine progress-asother African Member states are now doing. We look forward to collaborating with theïr representatives at the United Nations and to becoming better acquainted with them. 93. As an Asian country, the Philippines conveys to Kenya and Za!lzibar its warm wishes aS they embark ç>n the arduous but nobletasks of nation-builcling and international co-operation. The Philippines welcornes with brotherly and cordial greetings Kenya and Zanzibar and the dignitaries who represent them in these halls. It was precisely in this spirit of friendliness and the desireto welcome African nations into the fatnily of independent states that President Macapagal of the Philippines recently toured some African countries.This, we hope, is the auspicious beginning of a long, enduring friendship between our country and the freedom-loving peoplesof Africa. And this is,perhaps,better appreciated against this background, that in lifting the final curtain of liberty over· the surface of this .earthhistory has imposed a Common destiny on Africa and Asia. 94. If there is nO objection On the partof the Frenchspeaking members of theCouncil, l waiye IllY right ,ofinterpretation. - 95. Ml'. ALVARADO (Venezuela) (transiated from Spanish): The em~r~nce-intoindependent lite of two new African states-Zanzibar and Kenya-ia an occasiOn for particular rej()icing on the part of the delegation of Venezuelà.My delegation :'.3 also pleasèd to notf} that the peoplea of Zanzibar and Kenyahave been able. to achieve independence without.the dfjstruction which accompanies a bloody battle for emancipation, although. they could. not escape aIl the incidents which are part andparcel of the attainment of this Inalienable right. This i8 striking evidence of the worth...while l'ole played by the United Nations, not onlyin thepresent-day process of decolonization itself but also in arrangements to ensure that that process goes forward .under .the most favourahle conditions for the dependent peoples c<:mcerned•.. 96. My delegation is equally gratified to note, Once agliin, that politioal wisdom and respect for Us COIPmitments .ar~ .still ()ut~tandingcharacteristics of the - United. Kingd()m, in.which. that country rn,ay. rightly take pride. .. . 97. Zanzibar and Kenya satisfyall thereqtiirements for membership intheOrganization, and their respective Governinl'ints. have -declared that they fully accept the obligations contained in the Charter and sOleIllnly undertake tofulfil them. We shall therefore vote >in favour·of the draft res()lutions sribmittéd by 98. We are sure that ZanZibar and Kenya will make a usèful contribution to the solution of the many delicate problems confronting our Organization. 99. On behalf of the Goverr..ment and people of Venezuela, 1 extend to the peoples and Governments of Zanzibar and Kenya our warmest congratulations on their independence, and our most sincere and wholehearted .good wishes for their prosperity in this new stage of .thëir history. My delegation also wishes to extend similar congratulations to the· United Kingdom, for the contribution it has made to this happy achievement. 100. Ml'. LIU Chieh (China): One of the principal purposes of the United Nations is. the promotion of free political.institutions so that the peoples of Non- Self-Governing .Territories can be assured of peaceful and orderly evolution towards self-government and indépendence•. In this respect, the United Nations can boast of considerable success, as wit- !1essed by the successiveemergence of new sovereign Stàtes in the brief span of a few years. 101. TheChinese Government and people attach the utmost importance to the principle ofselfo..determinationenshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, anclwehlive given it consistent and unequivocal suppoJ:'t~ We therefore have reason to feel gratified when weextend welcome today to two new nations from AÎrica=Zanzibar· and Kenya.,...on .their attainment of full independence this month. 1 think this .event is not .onlysignificant for the world Organization but also redounds to. the credit of the British Commonwealth of Nations. 102. The representative of the United Kingdom has just recalled the colonial policy of his Government, Which is to promote steady progress, first, to selfgO'\l'ernment, then to self-determinatièln, leadingfinally to independence. The admission of Kenya and Zanzibar to the World Organization today testifies once âgain to the soundness Of t.his policy. . 103. In voting for the draft resolutions before us, may '. 1 express the, confident hope of my delegation tillat the two new States will play a fruitfulrole in furtheting tlle principles and purposes of this Organizationfol' the. common. good of maIlkind. 104.M:r. Preisident, ,\Vith your approval, 1 would also request waiverof interpretation. lOS. Ml'. NIEISEN (Norway): The people and Governmentof NOl'way extend thei1' sincere cong:ratulations to Zanzibar and to Kenya,· upon the!r accession to sovereignty and national independence. Norway, furtl.1er!Ilo.re, .welcomes their applications for mem.. bership in .the United Nations. \Va deem Rfortunate that. ·these .applicatioj1scanbe considered before the ~ndoÏthepresentsession of the Qeneral AsseJnbly, SQ that th.ewish of the two States to become Members oan be actedupon without delay. 107. The long struggle of the people of Kenya for national independence was crowned by final success on 12 December 1963. This struggle has been guided by determined leaders whose status, to our minds, has increased further by their wise and statesmanlike manner during the final phase of their struggle involving difficult negotia.tions. 108. The very narne of the Prime Minister, Jomo Kenyatta, and the Swahili word for "independence, "Uhuru", have become international symbols. Today, they are also symbols of success. 109. The new State of Kenya faces a.variety of problems: ethnie, economic and related to national boundaries. The Norweglan de1egation is convinced that these problems will be tackled by Ml'. Kenyatta and hisGovernment with wisdom and determination. The Norwegian Government and people look forward to close and friendly relations with the new State; as a matter of fact, Norway is aiming at the establishment of an embassy in Nairobi àtan early date. The task of the new embassy will be to èonsolidate the ties between Norway and Kenya. The Norwegian Government is confident that the new State will, in its policy, promote international.co-operation for· mutual benefit. Norway and the other Nordic cOUlltries favour an· expansion of their economic relations with Kenya. uo. The Norwegian delegation will take great pleasure in voting for the draft resolutions submitted by Ghana, Morocco and the United Kingdom. We have no doubt that Zanzibar and Kenya will fulfil, and do fulfil, the requirements for membership under Article 4 of the Charter. We are, furthermore, pleased to note that both countries are founding their political f\lJ.ture on a democratic constitution and democratic processes of Government. We welcome also the stated intention of the leaders of the two countries to safeguard the rights of minorities and to establish societies in which people of different races and creeds will work together in freedom and harmony. 111. Finally, 1 also want, on this occasion, toexpress a word of respect for the contribution of the United Kingdom to this happy occasion. U2. And if 1 may, on the same understanding as the preceding speakers, waive the translation into French, 1 shou1d,be glad to do so. U3. Mr. BERNARDES (Brazi1): The accession of a new state to the free community of nations is always received with gratification by my country. Brazil fee1s that the colonial re1ationshipb still existing are harmfu1, both to the parties cOllcerned, and to mankind as a who1e. We vie,,' the struggle for decolonialization as embracingall the aspects of thesecu1ar fight for freedom and humanrights. The admission of . '-.' 114. It ls with great.satisfaction, therefore.that l ,shaUcast my vote.in favour of the two jointdraft resolutions sponsored. by Ghana, .Morocco and the Unitèd Kingdom recommending to the General Assembly the admission of Kenya and Zanzibar to the United Nations. 115. May 1 take the oppottunity, on behalf of my COUIltIj' and my Government, to C(>nvey to Mt. Jomo K~nyatta, Prime. Ministet of Kénya, and to Ml'. Muhammad Shamte Hamadî. the Prime Mînîster of Zanzibar. and throughthem to their peoples. our earnest congratulations. We wish them the best of success in their efforts toward the construction of their free aii.d progressive countries. 116. MayI also congratulate the Organization on haVing taken one step further towards the goal of universality. . 117. On the usual understanding, Ml'. President, I am also prepared to waive the French translation of my statement. 118. ThePRESIDENT:Now that themembers of the Côuncilhaveallspoken, 1 shaH exercise the privilege of speaking a· word on behalf of the delegation of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. H9. •Let me say that it lS an honour to welcome tQgaythe representatives of Kenya and Zanzibar to thejSecurity Council chamber and a pr-:ivilege and an <]Jonour for my country to vote for \:,;j:r admission to the United Nations. We believe~bè\t these two fiations. will. find active and usefulr,'les to play in the deliberations of the United Nations. The statesmane;hipof their leaders; and of the United Kingaom, the negotiations conducted with honesty, with forbearance and with determination, which have concluded with complete independence for multi-racial societies, cau, setveas .an example of co-operation and of tolerance throughout the continent of Africa. We believe too that thestatesmanship exhibited by Kenya and by Zanzibar bodesweH for their future in this 01'- ganization~ for after aH, the success of the deliperations of the United Nations is also based upon the equality of aU nations, upon forbearance, concern for the views and the interests of others, .imd a sincere search forcommon agreement. 120•. No. nation here is so big that it cannot profit by listeniilg to the views of others and no nation so 'small that it cannotmake a useful contribJ.ltion to ourdeliberations; for in such close èxhanges of views and. of frank expression of opinion lie our hope for deeper friendship amongnations and the best assurance that we have against the dangers of misundel'standing, of mistr.ust and of conflict. The United Stat~s.•. finds. therefore, sincere pleasure in voting for theadmisslonof Kenya and of Zanzibar to the United Nations.- Our country has already enjoyed friendlyand mutuallyprofitable relations with Kenya and Zanzibar fora long time. The establishment of our first consulate in Zanzibar predated the era of major European influence in Africa. A mission of the American Friends' Service was established in Kenya as earlyas 1904, and is stillfunctioning there. Large numbers ofstudents from both of these countries havevisited mine; more than athousandstudents 121. And now, if there are no further speakers, in my capacity of PRESIDENT 1 shall put the admission of Kenya and Zanzibar to the vote, as suggested at the outset of this meeting, first presenting to you the draft resolution submitted by Ghana, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Morocco [S/5483 and Add.1], recommending to the General Assembly the admission of Zanzibar. A vote was taken by show of bands.

Zanzibar has been admitted to membership of the United Nations bytheunanimous vote of the Security Council, subject to approval by the General Assembly. 123. We shall now proceed to the consideration of the draft resolution presented by Ghana, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Morocco [S/5484 and Add.1], recommending the admission of Kenya to Membership ofthe United Nations. A vote was taken by show of hands.

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