S/PV.1090 Security Council

1 listened to the statement Of the Fore@ Minister of Pnkistnn at the last meeting more in sorrow tban in nnger. One onn control one’s angel’, but !t 10 diffioult Eo oontrol one’ s~rrow. My aorrow is due to the fnct thnt the representative of l’akietnn should hnve given expression to sentiments Whbh vilify my country nnd my Government, whlch 8rQ a calumny to the record of pence and progress lbat il hns set up eince its indopendenco. And this by * nuiyhbour, ngnlnst us whoeo only desire is to live 4. Tac repreeentative of Pakistan has realieed $hat the only way he oan seek to justify his approaoh to the Seourity Counoil is to make out a oase of trouble and dieoord in Kashmir or, to quote hls own words in bis opening statement that Kashmir is in open rebellion against India [1087th meeting]. If the faots show that there have been no oommunal disturbanoes in Kashmir, that on the oontrary there hae been oomplete harmony and that far from revolting agalnst India, Kashmir at every stage of this unfortunate inoident of the loss of the saored relia ha8 turned to India for help and support, then it is olear that no ohanse has corne about in the situation in Kashmir whioi, aooording to the representative of Pakistan, justifies the present application of Pakistan to the Seourity Counoil-not that the faot of disturbanoe or trouble in Kashmir -vould justify any intervention by Pakistan, sinoe we have repeatedly stated that what happene in Kaehmir is entirely a domestio matter for India. 6. The Fore@ Mini&er of Pakistan has quoted President Ayub Khan as having said that reoently there was a spontaneous referendum in Kashmir. How right he 1s. And whet was the result of that referendum? The olear verdict that the Kaehmiris gave was that while they were opposed to the Iooal administration, they had full oonfidenoe in the fairness and sense of justioe of the Covernment of India. In my earlier statement I quoted utteranoes of responsible Pakistan statesmen inoiting the people of Kashmir and inflamintz oommunal nassions. 1 said before and 1 repeat thaT Pakistan ex$eoted that the loos of the saored relio would lead to bloodshed in Kashmir and the Muslim oommunity would rise against the Hindus and the Sikhs. Even here the Forelan Minister of Pakistan hae stated that at this veri minute blood 1s flowing in Srinagar. May 1 askwhether it is a statement of faot or a wish and a hope? Let me oategorioally state to the members of the Counoil that there is no trouble whatsoever in Kashmir today, The saored relia has been found and, what is more, it has been identified by the respeoted religious leaders of Srinagnr, inoluding Mnulnnn Masoodl, who 1s not only not a supporter of the Covernment but who is a member of the Cpposltion. 6. We bave been told that Kashmir 1s a vital question. Vital to wbom? TO the people of ltasbmlr or to Pakistan? Presldent Ayuh Kban In moments of self-revelntlon has more than onoe stated that Kaehmir 1s vital to Pnkistan’e economy and defonce. 1 quote: 4. Le repr6sentant du Pakistan a compris que le seul moyen de justifier le reoours de son pays au Conseil de s6ourit0 Btait de pr6tendre qu’il existe des troubles et des oonflits’ au Caohemire et dWfirmer, oomme il l’a fait dans sa d6olaration pr6liminaire [10878me e6anoe], que le Caohemire Btait en r6bellion ouverte oontre PInde. Si les faits prouvent que, bien loin d’avoir 6t6 le th6Rtre de oonflits entre oommunaut66, le Caohemire oonnaftune atmosph6re d’harmonie oomal&e: aue. loin de se r6volter oontre l%nle, il a, but au 1otÏg de 08 malheureux Bpfaode de la dlspai rition de la relique saorBe, fait appel B l’Inde pour lui demander aide et assistanos, il devient olair qu’il n’est survenu dans la situation au Caohemire auoun ohangement qui, selon le repr6sentant du Pakistan, ~uisae luetifier le reoours du Pakistan au Conseil de 80ourid. Les troubles et les oonflits au Caohemirs ne justifieraient d’ailleur pas l’intervention du Pakistan, puisque nous avons d6olar6 Il maintes reprises que os qui se passe au Caohemire rel6ve exolusivement de la oomp6tenoe de l’Inde. 6. D’aprgs le Ministre des affaires ext6rieures du Pakistan, le pr6sident Ayub Khan aurait dbolar6 qu’un df8rendum spontan6 avait r6oemment eu lieu au Caohemire. Il ne saurait mieux dire. Et quel a 6t6 le r6sultat~ de os r6f6rendum? Les Caohemiriens ont r6pondu sans ambiguit6 que, sWs Btaient hostiles 6 l’admtnistratlon looale, ils gardaient pleinement oonfianos dans la justioe et ltimpartialit6 du Qouornement de l%ide. Dans ma d6olaration ant&ieurs, j’ai oit6 les paroles d’hommes politiques autoris6e du Pakistan, qui tendaient !A fanatlser la population du Caohemirs et B enflammer les passions entre le6 oommunautbs. Le Pakistan pensait, je l’ai dit et je le r6p&e, que 1s disparition de la relique saor6s entrafherait une effusion de sang au Caohemire et aue la oommunaut.6 mueulmane s%isurgerait oontrs & hindous et les sikhs. Ioi m6me, le-Ministre de8 aftairss ext6rieures du Paktetan a d6olar6 qu’au moment m6me oh il parlait, le sang ocwlait 6 Srlnagar. A-t-il voulu par-18 rendre oompte d’un fait ou exprimer un vœu et un espoir? Je tiens R d6olarer oat6- goriquement aux membres du Conseil qu’il n’y a absolument nuoun d0sordre nujourdlhl au Caohemire. La relique saor6e a 0t6 retrouv0e et, qui plus est, identifi6e par les ohefs religieux respeot6s da Srinngar, y oompris Maulana Mas&, qui, loin d%tre favorable au gouvernement, fait partie de l’opposition. 9. On nous a dit que la question du Cnohemire 6tait une question vitale; Vitale pour qui? Pour In population du Cachemire ou pour le Pal&&an? Dans des moments de sino6rit.6, le pr6sident Ayub Khan a plus d’une fois d6olar6 que le Cachemire Btait d’une im- 16. Here again the attitudes of Indta and Pakistan are diametrioally different. A3 1 pointed out earlier, the inoitement to communal riots ha8 been a part of Pakistan’s polioy. The representative of Pakistan has quulad Rome statements of members of the Hindu Mahasabha, whioh is a oommunal party in India. The representation of the Hindu Mahasabha in the Indian Parliament-one member out of 600-refleots the following that party enjoys among the people. The Indian National Connress, whioh is the party in power today, is strongly opposed to the philosophy underlying that party, The Fore@ Minister of Pakistan is not in a position, and oannot be in a position, to quote leaders of the Indian National Congres8 or the members of the tndian Government inoiting tbe Hindus in India to attaok the Muslims. Indeed, that would be opposed to ths basio poltoy of the Indian National Congres& Mahatma Gandhi gave his life in the onuse of Hindu-Muslim unity, and, notwithstanding the grave provouations we have had from Pakistan, the party whioh he led and whioh won the independenoe of India has always ‘preaohed communal harmony. There is not a Muslim in India who does not look upon our Prime Minister as a true friend. 17. May 1 refer to the testimony of an exalted and impartial observer of the Indian soene. Even Pakistan will not be able to ohallenge the importanoe and the signifioanoe of his statement. His Majesty King Saud of Saudi Arabia at the oonolusion of his visit to India said this, and 1 would draw the Counoil’s attention to his words: “When 1 set foct on this preoious soil,“-that 18, Iadia-*two questions engaged my mind: the fate of the Muslims of lndia and the general administration of thls sub-oontinent after withdrawal of the British rule . . I 1 desirc now, at the oonolusion of my visit to India, to say to my Muslim brethren a11 over the world, with greater satisfaotion, that the fate of the Indian Muslims is in safe hands., . This assurance has been oorroborated by all Muslim leaders whom 1 met.” 18, Here is another pieoe of impartial testimony-1 am quoting it from a dooument of the Sub-Commission on Prevsntion of Disorimination and Proteotion of Minorities: “In the course of a discussion at ths United N&ions Sub-Commission on 11 Jnnunry 1069, Mr. Riohard Hisoooks (United Kingdom) sald thnt in hidia Mnlmtmn Gandhi and Mr. Nehru, two outstandlng leaders of the world, hnd the oourage to ewlm agalnst tho ourrent and brlng about n revolutlon in tbe approaoh to untouchabllity and to mlnorltles. Mr. Nehru partloulnrly in the last ten yenrs waa responslble for spcnsorlng legislation in the battlc against dlscrlmlnatlon of rellgious mlnorltles. 17. Puis-je invoquer le t6moignage d%me personnalit bminente et impartiale qui a suivi les 6v6nements dont l’Inde a 6t6 le th66tre7. Le Pakistan luim6me ne pourra oontester l’importanoe et la valeur de oette d6slaration. Sa Majest6 le roi Saud d’Arabie Saoudite a dit au terme de sa visite en Inde - et je demande au Conseil de bien peser tous ses mots: nLorsque j’ai mis le pied sur oette terre si ohere” - il s’agit de l’Inde - flj’6taispr6oooup6par deux questions: le sort des musulmans de l’Inde et le urobl6me de l’administration a6n6rale de oette pèninsule apres le retrait des Britanniques,. . Je veux maintenant, au terme de ma visite en Inde, dire A mes fr8res musulmans du monde entier oombien je suis heureux de voir que le sort des Indiens musulmans se trouve entre do8 mains s(ires.. . C’est 06 que m’ont oonfirm6 tous les chefs musulmans que j’ai renoont?6s.n 18. Voioi un autre t6moignage impartial, tir6 d’un dooument de la Sous-Commission de la lutte oonti’e la disorimination et de la proteotion des minorit68. Je oite: “Au cours des d6bnts de la Sous-Commission lo 11 janvier lDGD, M, Richard Hisoooks, duRoyaUme- Uni, a dit qu’en Inde le mahatmaGandhi et M. Nehru, deux 6minentes personnalit6s mondiales, rivaient le courage d’aller a centre-oourant pour amener une r6volution dan8 l’attitude B l’bgnrd des intouchables et des minorit6s. M. Nehru a, plus partloullerement au cours des 10 dernieres ann6ee, pris l%iitiatlve de toute une ~61% de lois visant B combattre la dlsorimlnation h l’encontre des mlnorlt6s religieuses. 9. The whole burden of the Pakistan Foreign Ministsr’s song has been that the only thing whioh poisons relations between Pakistan and India 1s the Kashmir problem, and that, if the Kashmir problem is not solved, relations between the two oountries will not improve, and oommunal troubles ~111 oontinue. This, to my mind, is an open threat to the Seourity Counoil.. Pakistan 1s telling you, Mr. President, in strong, strident and threatening tones, that, if the Kashmir problem is not eettled, there will be bloodshed and war. 1s anyone going to submit to this threat and intimidation? 10. The iron fist is oonoealed in a velvet glove. The representatlve of Pakistan has quoted Chairman Khrushohev and President tiohnson and has relied on what they snid about the settlement of territorial disputes by peaoeful methods. Even the devil oan quote Soriptures for his purpose. 1 oannot imagine a more perverse interpretation of the very noble sentiments to whioh Chairman Khrushohev gave expression, whioh were whole-heartedly endorsed by the Prime Minister of India and to whioh Presldent Johnson responded, than for a oountry to talkof peaoe whlle brandishing a sword. 11. The relianoe of the Forelan Minister of Pakistan on the appeal made by Chairman Khrushohev makes even more inexulioable his refusa1 to loin with India in a no-war deolaration. It is true that these sentiments are embodied and enshrined in the Charter of the, United Nations, but they require oonstant reminders and reiterations. On behalf of my Government, 1 wish to deolare that India under no oiroumstanoes will resort to war for the aettlement of its differenoes witb Pakistan. 1 repeat that India under no oiroumstanoes will resort to war for the settlement of its differenoes with Pakistan, Will the Fore@ Minister of Pakistan also make a similnr deolaration? 12. It 1s true that Pakistan wants peaoe, but it wants peaoe at the point of a bayonet and on its own terms. Why bave we had no refutation from the representative of Pakistan of the statements made by responsible Pakistan leaders threatenins violenoe against India? As 1 have said before, even iihis letter to-the Seourity Council of 16 January 1964 (S/6617].Uthereisa threat of violence whioh 1s not aven deoently veiled but wl~ioh is open und flagrant, 13. The ropresentntive of Pakistan bas repented the slander against Indin thot Knshmir 1s under India’s ~~ooloninl rulel’. Kashmir beonme part of India net as a result of oonquest, nor is it n crise of one raoe ruling over nnother; Knshmir has nlwnys been pnrt ni6 l’Inde en disnnt que le Cachemire se trouvnit sous la lldominntion coloniale” indienne. Si le Cnchemire est devenu partie intagrnnte de l’Inde, oe n’est pas A la suite d’une conquete et ce n’est pas non 14. The Fore@ Minister of Pakistan has spoken with great indignation of the way the Muslims are treated in India and of the frequenoy of oommunal riots. It 1s a gross travesty of truth to say that at every Muslim festival Muslims are being attaoked, 1s the Pakistan oase SO bad and SO weak that it has to rely on suoh patent falsehoods? Muslim festivals are oelebrated from time to time with members of other oommunities refoioing with their Muelim brethren. Fairs are held at Muslim ehrines, where tens of thousands of Hindus and Muslims attend and pay their respect to the saints. Even recently in Kashmir, as I pointed out, the 106s of the eaored relio was mourned not by the Muslims alone but by the Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs, and when the relio was reoovered the rejoioing was not oonfined to the Muslim oommunity, but extended to a11 the oommunities in Kaehmir and ths rest of India. On the oontrary, there waa no rejoicing in Paskistan, where the reoovered relit was desoribed as a fake, presumably to incite further hatred agdnst India. Pakistan has a mentality whioh makes it impossible for it to understand thnt Hindus and Muslims oan Iive side by aide in pence ancl ooncord, 15. The Fore@ Minister painted a lurid pioture of communal riots in India. He mentioned the figure of 650. This 1s a gross exaggeration. Here 1 might sny that we inherited a bad legaoy from the British period of communal rlote throughout the Indian subcontinent. This WRB a phase whiob botb our oountrlcs hava rossons to be ashamecl of, but the whole orientatlon of Indian policy since India became independent lias been to create confidence 80 that these communal incidents should bocome a thing of the past. Since l~akistnn has mentioned certain figures, may 1 also give the Cou~;l some figures. Belween 1860 and 1966 alone, there were 8,021 cases of communal incidents In East Pakistan, in whioh members of the minority communlty were viotims. These incidentswere brought lb. Le Ministre des affaires ext&ieures a d@eint sous des oouleurs sinistres les conflits ~1 ont BolaU en Inde entre oommunaut6s, Il a mentloi& le chiffre de 6GO victimes. C’est 18 une exag6ration gvoseihre. Je reconnais que, dans toute la p6ninsule indienne, l%re de la domination britannique a 6tg marqu6e par des conflits religieux. C’est la une phase de notre histoire don& nos deux pays ont lieu d’avoir honte: mais, depuis l’ind6pendanoe, toute la politique de l’Inde a eu pour objet de or0er un climat de oonflanoe. afin que les incidents entre communaut0s ne se renouvellent plus. Puisque le Pnkistan a mentionA des chiffres, Je vais h mon tour en fournir quelqueeuns au Conseil. Rien qu’entre 1960 et lPS6 il y a eu au Pakistan oriental 8 021 tncidents entre oom- 16. Here again the attitudes of Indta and Pakistan are diametrioally different. A3 1 pointed out earlier, the inoitement to communal riots ha8 been a part of Pakistan’s polioy. The representative of Pakistan has quulad Rome statements of members of the Hindu Mahasabha, whioh is a oommunal party in India. The representation of the Hindu Mahasabha in the Indian Parliament-one member out of 600-refleots the following that party enjoys among the people. The Indian National Connress, whioh is the party in power today, is strongly opposed to the philosophy underlying that party, The Fore@ Minister of Pakistan is not in a position, and oannot be in a position, to quote leaders of the Indian National Congres8 or the members of the tndian Government inoiting tbe Hindus in India to attaok the Muslims. Indeed, that would be opposed to ths basio poltoy of the Indian National Congres& Mahatma Gandhi gave his life in the onuse of Hindu-Muslim unity, and, notwithstanding the grave provouations we have had from Pakistan, the party whioh he led and whioh won the independenoe of India has always ‘preaohed communal harmony. There is not a Muslim in India who does not look upon our Prime Minister as a true friend. 17. May 1 refer to the testimony of an exalted and impartial observer of the Indian soene. Even Pakistan will not be able to ohallenge the importanoe and the signifioanoe of his statement. His Majesty King Saud of Saudi Arabia at the oonolusion of his visit to India said this, and 1 would draw the Counoil’s attention to his words: “When 1 set foct on this preoious soil,“-that 18, Iadia-*two questions engaged my mind: the fate of the Muslims of lndia and the general administration of thls sub-oontinent after withdrawal of the British rule . . I 1 desirc now, at the oonolusion of my visit to India, to say to my Muslim brethren a11 over the world, with greater satisfaotion, that the fate of the Indian Muslims is in safe hands., . This assurance has been oorroborated by all Muslim leaders whom 1 met.” 18, Here is another pieoe of impartial testimony-1 am quoting it from a dooument of the Sub-Commission on Prevsntion of Disorimination and Proteotion of Minorities: “In the course of a discussion at ths United N&ions Sub-Commission on 11 Jnnunry 1069, Mr. Riohard Hisoooks (United Kingdom) sald thnt in hidia Mnlmtmn Gandhi and Mr. Nehru, two outstandlng leaders of the world, hnd the oourage to ewlm agalnst tho ourrent and brlng about n revolutlon in tbe approaoh to untouchabllity and to mlnorltles. Mr. Nehru partloulnrly in the last ten yenrs waa responslble for spcnsorlng legislation in the battlc against dlscrlmlnatlon of rellgious mlnorltles. 17. Puis-je invoquer le t6moignage d%me personnalit bminente et impartiale qui a suivi les 6v6nements dont l’Inde a 6t6 le th66tre7. Le Pakistan luim6me ne pourra oontester l’importanoe et la valeur de oette d6slaration. Sa Majest6 le roi Saud d’Arabie Saoudite a dit au terme de sa visite en Inde - et je demande au Conseil de bien peser tous ses mots: nLorsque j’ai mis le pied sur oette terre si ohere” - il s’agit de l’Inde - flj’6taispr6oooup6par deux questions: le sort des musulmans de l’Inde et le urobl6me de l’administration a6n6rale de oette pèninsule apres le retrait des Britanniques,. . Je veux maintenant, au terme de ma visite en Inde, dire A mes fr8res musulmans du monde entier oombien je suis heureux de voir que le sort des Indiens musulmans se trouve entre do8 mains s(ires.. . C’est 06 que m’ont oonfirm6 tous les chefs musulmans que j’ai renoont?6s.n 18. Voioi un autre t6moignage impartial, tir6 d’un dooument de la Sous-Commission de la lutte oonti’e la disorimination et de la proteotion des minorit68. Je oite: “Au cours des d6bnts de la Sous-Commission lo 11 janvier lDGD, M, Richard Hisoooks, duRoyaUme- Uni, a dit qu’en Inde le mahatmaGandhi et M. Nehru, deux 6minentes personnalit6s mondiales, rivaient le courage d’aller a centre-oourant pour amener une r6volution dan8 l’attitude B l’bgnrd des intouchables et des minorit6s. M. Nehru a, plus partloullerement au cours des 10 dernieres ann6ee, pris l%iitiatlve de toute une ~61% de lois visant B combattre la dlsorimlnation h l’encontre des mlnorlt6s religieuses. 4 ft3vrier 19641 “Le Caohemire cet en flammes, Le sang des musulmans indiens ooule A flots dans le Bharat” - olest-A-dire en lnde - “et les femmes musulmanes sont attaqu6es.” On peut imaginer l’effet que des propos de oe genre peuvent avoir sur l’esprit des musulmans, ausai blen en Inde qu’au Pakistan, Si daolaration a jamais contribut A sxoitsr les passions, oteet bien oelle-18. On vient nous dire que le Caohemire est en flammes, que le sang de8 musulmans oou10 A flots et que les femmes musulmnnea sont attaqu6es. Qu’est-08 que cela sinon une tnoitation A la haine? Je olteral maintenant le m-de Karaohi qui, dans aon numaro du ler janvier 1964, dorivait (il s’agit d’un ‘journal offioiel qui a la b6n6diotion du gouvernement): “Ils” - o’est-A-dire les habitants du Pakistan oooidental - “ont inoit A oette oooaslon les musulmans de l’Inde et du Pakistan A la wjehad* - c’est-A-dire A la guerre sainte - “en vue de prbserver les sanotuaires musulmans de oe pays de tout neuveau sa0rilAge.n Quel sanotuaire musulman a-t-il 6t6 ltob et d’un eaoril&e? Le Ministre des affaires 8 xd rieures peut-il me le dire? Toujours dansle YP w de Karaoht, on lit, dans le numf3ro du 17 janvier 1 64: “Le prasident Sardar Mohammed Alam Khan a don& l’ordre nux representants A la Cor&$- renoe musulmane do reorutor des *rasakarsn - o’eot-A-dire des fanatiques - “pour la *jahnd* et de les tenir pr&s “on attendant de nouvelles +struotlons.* C’est IA un ordre de recrutement, une deolaration de guerre. Les Pakistannie n’attendent que le moment opportun pour marohar sur le Caohomire. 20. Le Ministre des affaires extirleuros du Pakl&an a pnrl8 nveo fie&3 de In façon dont le Couvernoment pakistanais a trait6 BOB minorit6e. Or, il y a divorsos maniAras do traiter 10s mlnorlt6s, et oollo cpto la “Thoy”-that la, the people of West Pakistan- “bave oalled upon the Musllms in Indla and Pakistan to deolare ‘Jehad’ fl-holy war-“on the issue and save Muslim shrines in that oountry from further saorilege.tt Whioh Muslim shrlne has been saorlleged? Will the Fore@ Mlnister tel1 me that? 1 quote again from the m, the issue of 17 January 1964: *The Presldent, Sardar Mohammed Alam Khan, direoted the Muslim Conferenoe offioe-bearers to rooruit ‘rnznkn~s~~~-thnt is, fanatlos-“for ~jehncl~ nnd make them rendy I till scoond dlreotlvel ,11 That is an order for reorultment, n deolnration of wnr. They nre only wniting for the proper tlme to n.aroh on Knshmir. 20. The Foralgn Minister of Pnkistan ho8 taken prlde in the wny the Government of Pnkistan hns trentod its minorltles. Now, thero are varlous wnye of trenting minoritles, and one that Pakistan hns ndopted ls 21. It is, perhaps, easy and possible for Pakistan to gRt rid of its minorities. For us, we look upon the Muslims net as a minority but ns an important and integral part of OUP nation. -Fifty million Musllms live with their Hindu brethren in a11 parts of the oountry, in every village, town and oity. TO us the very thought. of an exohange of Hindus and Muslims is abhorrent, We realize that India would break up and distntegrate if it oannot give a11 the oommunities which live in it proteotion and full rights. 22. The Foreign Minister of Pakistan does not like oold statistioal faots. He prefers to rely on his fanoy and his imagination. 1 am not going into the figures whioh 1 gavs in my earlier stajement on the sübject of the illegal movements of persons from East Pakistan aorosa the bordera into India [1088th meeting]. The patent faot remains, whioh has not been disputed and oannot be disputed by Pakistan, chat while the population of Muslims in East Pakistan has inoreased by 26 per oent during the oensus period 1961-1961, the Hindu population has remained stationary and that the Muslim population in West Bengal has inoreased muoh more than the natural rate, The Foreign Minister is surprised that any Muslim from East Pakistan should want to go to India. Perhaps even the Muslims of East Pakistan find India’ a better and a more peaceful oountry in whioh they oan enjoy demooratic and fhidamental rights. Forty thousand Pakistan Muslim nationals today are working and earning their living in India on a proper visa. Besides, about a quarter of a million Muslims from Pakistan visited India durinn 1963 on short-term Indinn visas. If Muslims wereinseoure in India, would suoh a large number of Muslims from Pakistan be travelling to India? The Foreign Minister also suggested that wlth striot pnssoort rezulations imposed by India, it would be impossible for Pakistan national6 to migrate into India. He forzets that there 1s an open frontier of 2,000 miles between enstern India and eastern Pakistan, an2 no passport regulations and not the strictest police surveillnnce in the world crin urevent oeoole from crossing the frontler. I-le also quoted The Tirnez of London, Let me quote from a dispntch in an equally important English periodical, The Eoonomist, of 5 October 1963 hy a correspondent who clnims to have heen in Pakistan lutely: 21. Il est peut-6tre facile et possible au Pakistan de se d6barrasser de ses minorit68, Pour notre part, nous oonsid6rons les musulmans non oomme‘ une minorit8. mais oomme un Ument important faisant partie integrante de notre nation. Cinquante millions de musulmans vivent aveo leurs fr6res hindous dans toutes les parties du pays - villages, bourgs et villes. La seule id6e d%ohanner des hindous contre des musulmans nous est odieuse. Nous savons que l’Inde se briserait et se dDsint6grerait si elle ne parvenalt pas il assurer la proteotlon de toutes les oommunaut88 qui vivent sur son sol et h leur garantir le plein exeroioe de leurs droits, 22. Le Ministre des affaires ext6rieures du Pakistan n’aime pas la rigueur des chiffres. Il pr6f6re SIen remettre h sa fantaisie et B son imagination. Je ne reviendrai pas sur les chiffres que je vous ai cit6s dans ma premibre intervention [10888me 86anoel au sujet des groupes de personnes qui passent olandestinement du Pakistan oriental en Inde. Le fait demeure - et le Pakistan s’est bien gardI3 de le contester - que, alors que la population musulmane du Pakistan oriental a auament6 de 26 P. 100 entre 1961 et 1961, la population hindoue est demeur8e stationnaire et que le taux d’augmentation de la population musulmane du Dengale oooidental a et8 tr8s sup6rieur au taux dtaocroissement naturel. Le Ministre des affaires extbrieures se d6olare surpris qu’un musulman du Pakistan oriental puisse souhaiter aller en Inde. Peut-Dtre l’lnde apparaft-elle, m8me aux musulmans du Pakistan oriental,oommeun pays plus accueillant et plus pacifique oh ils puvent jouir des libert6s d$mocratiques et des droits fondamentaux de l’homme. A l’heure aotuelle, 40 000 ressortissants pakistanais musulmans titulaires d’un visa en r6gle travaillent et gagnent leur vie en Inde. En outre, pr8s de 260 000 musulmans venant du Pakistan se sont rendus en Inde en 1963 avec des visas indiens de courte dur0e. Si les musulmans ne se trouvaient pas en 86ourit0 en Inde, seraient-ils aussi nombreux il voyager dans ce pays? Le Ministre des affaires ext6rieures a Bgalement laies6 entendre qu’en raison de la striote r6glementntion relative aux passeports appliqu6e par l’Inde il serait impossible k des ressortissants pakistannls d%migrer dans ce pnys. Il oublie qu”‘il y a 2 000 milles de frontibre ouverte entre l’Inde orientale et le Pakistan oriental et qu’auoun rbglement relatif aux paeseports ni auoune surveillance de police, si rigoureuse soit-elle, ne peuvent emp6oher les gens de franchir la frontibre. Il a Ogalement oit6 le m de Londres. Je voudrais citer &I mon tour un article paru dan8 un p6riodique anglais non moins important, I’Eoonomist, du 6 octobre 23. Mr. Richard Critohfield, whose artiole the Foreign Minister of Pakistan quoted with approval, says thie about PD :istan in the New York Herald Tribune of 1 January 1. 94: “West Pakistan still reoeives 61 per oent of the national budget but provides DO per oent of the Central Government staff and almost a11 the armed foroes. “East Pakistan, with more than half the oountryls population but not 16 per oent of its land nrea, earna 70 per oent of the export inoome, but until reoently reoeived only a third of expenditure allooations, a fifth of United Statea aid and almoet no new private development money. “It iti these Pakistanis who have not found the oonoeption of Pakistan a really oaptivating ides. Restoration of adult suffrage and the rinhts of free Prem, speeoh and as8embïy1t-whioh di net exist in Pakistan-“oould help to remedy this. , . President Ayub oannot form the durable politioal base he needs on hatred of India alone.” laquelle repose la pëlitlque Btrangbre du Pakietan - et oela je l’ai d0jA dit dan6 ma premi8re intervention - est la haine de l%de. 24. Est-il surprenant, dan8 08~ oonditione, que la population du Pakletan oriental veuille 8’en aller pour oheroher ailleurs de meilleures oonditlonr de vie? Le8 infiltrations de Pakistanaie or4ent un probltime non pas eeulement pour l’Inde, maie auooi, semble-t-il, pour la Birmanie, qui est le seul autre paye limitrophe du Pakistan oriental, La prenne birmane signale l’entrde en fraude d’environ 260 000 personnes en Birmanie. 26. There hne been no ohange in OUP polloy oonoern- 26. Notre politique oonoernant le6 migrations en ing migrations from Pakistan, but on oompneslonnto provenance du Pakistan n’a pris ohang8, mais nous and on humanitarian grounds WQ rira obllged to offpi sommea oblig&s, pour des raisons do oharit6 et a11 fncllltles and expacllte the procaesos ooncernmg d’humaniti, d’nesouplir et dtnoc818rer, dans le aa the exnmlnntion of npplloatIons Or migration cerdes personnes arrivant du Pakistan oriental en tlîl,cntes from I3atJt Pnlcl8tan lnto India. Al1 States, Inde, la proo8dure rolativa A l’examen des demandes na you rire aware, give oompnselonate oonslderntlon ot aux oertiflonts de migration, T~U# les Etats, vous to the request of refugees fleeing in fear of persale Bavez, Btudiont aveo blenveillnnoe les demnndee outlon. It la rldioulous to suggest that the announoedes r8fugi6e fuyant devant la pera0outlon. Il est ridlment by OUI* Home Mlnlster of better faolllties for oule de laisser entendre que In d&cision annono0o ‘26. In thie oonnexion, 1 should like to menti n that the following report has been reoeived from th \ Qovernment of the St& of AssamlnIndls. It is a ha rowing tale, and 1 am sorry 1 have got to read it before this Counoil. While a batoh of refugees numbering about 1.000 w0re oroseina into Assam from East Pakie& on the evening of BFebruary, the East Pakietan Riflee, a auaisi-militaru foroe of the Pakistan mvernme&, op&ed fire on -them. Eleven refugees, inoluding soma women, were injured and two ohildren were kllled by this fire. The injured persona and the dead bodles were brought by the refugees into Assam, The Assam Qovernment has lpdged a protest with the East Pakistan Government and hae appealed to the Pakistau authorities to put a stop to the shooting down of unarmed persone seeking refuge in India. 27. 1 am surprised at the suggestion made by the Foreign Ministor of Pakistan that there should be an inqulry by an impartial tribunal to deoide whether the Muslims who have been evioted were Indians or Pakistan nationale. The representative of Pakistan has stated that the maintenance of oommunal harmony was a domestio problem for India snd Pakistan. 1s it less of a domeotio problem for Xndla to deoide whether a partioular psrson 1s or is not an Indian national? May 1 ask, with a11 rsapeot, whether any of the oountries whioh bave the honour of heing members of the Seourity Counoil, and whose representatives are sitting around this table, would agree to abdioate their sole eovereign right of deoiding whioh aliens they should admit or permit to reside on thelr territory or of determining who ie a national and who le an alien? 1 bave said before that we do not throw people out arbitrarily and we bave done our bert md we are doing our best to give a fair hearing ta anyone who bas been aggrleved by the quit notioe. 28. The Fore@ Minister of Pakistan has made an unworthy attuok on the Hindu sooiety and religion. 1 oannot oxpe& him to understfmd the philosophy or the tenets of that religion. Slmilar attaoks bave been made by the Preeident of Pakistan during bis goodwill tour of oountriee of South and IJouth East Asia, Apparently goqdwill was to be advanoed by attaoking the Hindu reiigion. It roquiros broadmindedness and toleranoo to appreoiats a faitb whioh ie not one’ own. It le truc that the oaete oyetem still exiets in India, but wo are pledged to aohleve II oasteless EOoiety and we ara oenselessly working townrds thnt end. It is not ensy to ohange institutions thnt have existed for oenturiee. As the representative of Pakistan has hlmself admitted, we bave prosoribed untouohabillty, it is illegal. We hnve mude it a penal offenoe for nny poreon to deny to one who wua known aa untouohable any pub110 rigilt, nnd when we mnke our appointments, frame ouf polioies, and develop les East Pakistan Rifles, unit4 paramilitaire du ~OUvernement palzistanals, ont ouvert le feu sur eux Onee rbfugMf3, et parmi eux quelques femmes, ont &A bless&s et deux enfants ont 6t6 tu68 par cetta fusillade, Les bless4s et les deux oadavreè ont BtB transport66 en Assam par les r6fugi6s. Le Gavernement de 1’Assam a protest6 aupr8s du Gouvernement du Pakistan oriental et a demand6 auxautoritie pakistanaiaes de mettre fin aux massaores de personnes sana armes oherohant rew en Inde. 27. Je m%onne que le Ministre des affaires ext& rieures du Pakistan ait sugg64 de ohargerun tribunal impartial de proo&er B une enqu6te en vue de d&erminer si les musulmans qui ont Bt8 expuls88 Btaient Indiens ou Pakistands. Le reprdsentant du Pakistan a d6olar6 aue le maintien de la paix religieuse 6tait une affaireintdrieure de l’Inde-et du Pakistan. La reo~nnaissanae, ou la non-reoonnaissanoe, fl une personne d6termin6e de la qualiti de ressortissant indien n’est-elle pas Bgalement une affaire 1ntBrisure de l’Inde? Parmi les pays qui ont’l’honneur d9tre membres du Conseil de s6ourit4 et dont les repr& sentant8 sibgent autour de oette table, y en a-t-il un seul, je me permets de le demander, qui aoosptarait de renonoer A son droit souverain de d$oider quels 0trangers il entend admettre ou aocepter oomme r4sidents sur son territnlre ou de d6termlner qui a la qualit de ressortissant et qui ne l’a pas? J’ai d&ll dit que nous n%xpulsons pas les gens arbltrairement et que nous avons fait et oontinuons de faire de notre mieux pour donner A quioonque s’estime 1680 par un arrbtd d’expulsion la possibilit8 de 6e faire entemire dans dos oonditions Bqtdtables. 28. Le Mlnistrs de16 affairer extdrieures duPakistan s’est livr4 B des attauues indignes oontre la oommunautb et la rsllgioi hindouës, Mais je ne peux pas lui demander ds oomprendre la philosophie ou les do es de oette religloa. De6 attaques analogues ont 6 tr formul&as aar le Prbsldent du Pakirtan lor6 d’un voyage dQmi%i$ dans les pays du sud et du sud-est de l’Asie. 11 faut oroire que les attaques contre la religion hindoue sont de nature A favoriser l’amitib! Beauooup de largeur de vues et de tolbrance ost n&%ssnire pour oomprendre une foi clui n’est pas la n6tre. Sans doute le systime des oas@ existe-t-11 toujours en Inde, mais noua nous somme6 engag h rf3aliser une eooi6t4 flan8 oaete et nous travalllons san8 raltlohe A y parvenir, 11 n’est pas faoile de ohanrrer des institutions el%ulairee, Comme le repr6senta~t du Pakiotan l’a lui-m&mt, reoonnuO nous avons orosorit la oondltion d’intouchable. Elle dst i118gale. *Lu 101 indienne punit d6sormnîs quiconque ail. 1 do not envy the repreaentative of Pakistan his ohoioe of metaphors. 1 tbink tbey are in extremely bad taste. He has oompared lndia to a senile person showing Ns falae teeth. India le a Young oountry a8 far a8 freedom le oonoorned, although it is old in tradition and history. It le a oountry whioh, sinoe its lndependenoe, ha8 maintained demccratio institutions and ilas launched upcn its eoonomio development in the settinn of freedom. These are not false tee& They are ho teeth whioh we aoquired with our birth as an independent nation. SO, The Fore@ Minister of Pakistan showed surprise tbat we should resent Pakistan’s friendshipwith China, We do not. We ourselves believe in friendship with a11 oountries snd we were friendly with China before it oommitted aggression on us, The Fore@ Minister objeoted to my expression when 1 spake of Pakistan’s flirtations with China. Perhaps Pakistan has serious matrimonial intentions. What we objeot to and ressnt is Paltistsn~s attitude tcwards us from the time the Chinese aggression began. One would have thouirht that when China attaoked us Pakistan would havë said to us1 “We have our quarrels, we bave our differenoee, but we are neighbours and we will not add to your troublestl That would bave been a helpful attitude. However, not only did Pakistan not stand by us, but it ussd everyargument to prevent friendly oountries from giving ua ai& It used the same taotlos whioh it is using ncw in the Seourity C~~il, and its tirent against its allies in the South-East Aela Treaty Organization and the Central Treaty Organization was that, if they gave aid tous, Pakistan would walk out of tbe allianoes. 31, The Foreign Minister of Pakistan ha8 said that hls oountry has alwaye been loyal tc its allies In thés connexion I shall-oontent myself with quoting a statement made by Premier Chcu En-lai on 10 April 1883 tc the Aasooiated Preas of Pakistan, Premier Chou En-Lai disolosed that the leaders of Pakistan had assursd him in 1964 that Pakistan had joined the Western militarv allianoes onlu to sain nolitioal and military asoend&oy over India and chat “Pakistan had no cther motivation in Joining thepaotsa. 1 wonder whrther the Fore@ Minlster ls gcing tc say: Qave me from my friendsla Having triecl its best to prevent us from strengtbening our defenoos in the heur of Our peril, Pakistan oarried on, and oarries on 6tlll today, a propaganda in support of China and seriously aaggests that we are the aggressors and China the aggrieved party. This seems to bethe îavourite gambit of Pakistan: always to aoouse the innooent party of aggression. 32. The F01wig11 Minister of mkistnn has insinuatcd niat it 1s not only with China butwlth otber neighbcur- 39. Pakistan bas gone to the length of oomparing us with South Afrioa. 1 vividly remember the year of 1046, when 1 was at the United Nations as a member of the Indian delegation and 1 handled the draft resolution against Soutb Afrioa whioh India had submitted and whioh India suooeeded in getting adopted in the United Nations General Assembly by a Iwo-thirds majority as resolution 44 (1). We were the first to lead the orusade against racial dlsoriminntion and SOU~ Afrioa’s raoial polioies. Pakistanla orude attemut to set us at odds with our Afrioan brethren Will-not uuooeed. 1 suppose what Afrioans say ie more authentio than what the distinguished Foreign Minister of Pakistan alleges. Permit me to quote, as an example, what Albert Luthuli has said in his reoent book, Let My People Qo,U As the Counoil is aware, Chief Luthuli of South Afrioa is an outstanding Afrioan leader: he was awarded the Nobel Peaoe Prise and wrote his book in 1062. Cn page 210 of his book ha statesr “The way in whioh India at U.N.O. has taken up the oudgels on behalf of the oppressed South hfrioan majority, and dragged the whole soandal of apartheid into the open, has heartened us immeaeurably, , .” 34. If any parallel exists, it is between the polioies of Pakistan and South Afrioa. The Government of South Afrioa. instead of puttins down raoialism and apartheid, supports it, glories in it and gives it a lena1 and offioial baoking. Pakistan too, instead of w&king for a multi-oommunal sooiety, preaohes hatred of one oommunity against the other and exhibite intoleranoe and fanatioism in every aspeot of its polioy. Here 1 may mention that the General Assembly at its seventeenth session adopted resolution 1781 (XVII), whioh oalled upon Member Rates, among other things, to oease a11 trade with South Afrioa. As le well known, India has had no trade with South Afrioa for the last seventeen years.. In spite of the adoption of thar reeolution, and in spite’wî its oo-sponsoring and voting for the resolution, Paki& oontinued to oarry on trade with South Afrioa, and here 1 would like to quote from a United Nations dooument of 22 November 1063, whioh oontains the replies reoeived from Member States in uursunnoeof acneral Assembly resolution 1761 (XVfi) and tho Soourity Council rasolution of 7 Awust 1963.3/ The replies were oontainod in oommuni&tione to the Seoretnry- General or to the Chairmnn of the Spaoial Committos on the Polioles of nl>nrtheid of the Government of -- the Republio of South Afrion, or in stntements before i?/Naw York, McCras-Ill11 E@ok Cornpnny, hz., 1962. 3/ OfflClPl 1(ccorda of thc secec coulxll, El~taanth ycar, su&ple- -~ mm,t Ier July. August and Septombar 1963, document S/5306. -_- “It hns prohlblted the lmport of South Afrloan goode lnto Pakistan, and ha8 banned the sale of arms, ammunitlon and a11 types of mllitary vehlole and other strateglo goods to South Afrioa. It 1s stlll oarrylng on a oertaln amount of expert trade wltb South Afrlon in pursuanoe of earller oommltments, but 1s aotlvely oonslderlng the termlnatlon of suoh exports.“V The Qeneral Assembly adopted resolution 1761 (XVII) as long ago as 1962, and thls reply of Pakistan mat 1 have quoted was submltted on 22 November 1963. 36. Pakistan 1s one of the few Afrloan and Aslan oountrles whioh stlll has dlplomatlo relations wlth Portugal: not only that-it has had extensive oommeroial and air trafflo relations. Indla broke off dlplomatio relations wlth Portugal a long tlme ago. Surely, lt 1s not merely a vlvid imagination but a diseased and perverted one whioh oan oompare Kashmlr wlth Angola and Moeamblque. Agaln, to equate the question of eelf-determlnatlon in Kashmlr wlth the question of self-determlnatlon in Angola and Moeamblque or in other Afrloan territories 1s ridiou- 10~s. Whlle Jammu and Kashmlr le a part of Indla, Angola and Moaamblque are non-self-governlng territories-speolfloally sodeolared in General Assembly resolution 1642 (XV) adopted in 1960-whose people bave, under the Unlted Nations Charter, the lnallenable < rlght of lndependenoe in aooordanoe wltb the wlshes of the people. 36. The Forelgn Mini&er of Pakistan waxed eloquent over the question of self-determlnatlon. 1 note that though he used many words he had no answer to the question whether he was prepared to oonoede the rlght of self-determlnatlon to the Pakhtuns, the Baluohis or to East Pakistan whose people, as a matter of oommon knowledge, raolally, ethnloally and llgulstloally, are dlfferent from the people of the rest of Pakistan. 37. Let me repeat that the prinolple of self-determlnatlon la applloable to nations and nation States and oannot be used for the breaklng up of a State or the fragmentation of peoplee. It 1s thlsprlnolplewhloh the Unlted Nations and a11 Afrloan States lnvoked to oppose the self-determinatlon of Katanga, No one questions the rlghtnese of thls deolslon whloh saved the Congo and perhnps a large pnrt of Afrloa from further division and fragmentation and ohnos. 1 repent our position whloh 1 think 1 alrendy made olonr in my stntement of 6 Februnry 11088th meeting]. Wo fully ondorse tha prlnclple of self-determinatlot~, and 1 repent: we fully endorse the prlnolpla of selfdetermlnation. But no Member of the Unlted Nations r/ Sao &.tc&~Recotxls of the Chsrnl Assamlly, Elghtoonth SB~ulon~ &umum, Wcdr Item 30, dcoumout A/SPC/94, pu-a. 2 !p 6). q Voir gocumontB OfflClOlS do I’AssemblQe ghlhlc, dix-llultldmu rosrlon, Annexas, point 30 do l’ordre du Jour, documant ~/Sfx/94, par. 2, P 6. 39, Did Pakistan permit the people of the prinoely States in Pakistan to exeroise the right of self-determination after the Ruler nooeded to Pakistan? As was disolosed in the West Pakistan High Court II few years ngo, the nooession of a Bahawalpur had been foroecl on the Ruler of that State. The Khan of Kalat revolted agninst aooession and was arrested and detalned in 1968. In netther oase was tho prinoiple of self-determination applied, When Pakistan purohased-and 1 emphasiee the word *lpurohasedn-the territory of Cwadnr from the Sultan of Musoat, whnt happed to Pakistan8 solioitous regard for the people’ s right to self-determination? No opportunity was giVen the people of Cwadar to say whethar in the seoond half of this, the twentieth oentury, they wished to be bought like ohattel. 40, The Foreign Minister of Pakistan eoughttooounter my argument with regard to aooession when 1 said that the question of religious oomplexion did not enter into the legal validity of the Instrument of Aooession exeouted by the Ruler of Kashmir. He relied on the instanoe of Junagadh. Now in that oase, a00eSSion would have oontravened the prinoiple of oontiguity, apart from the faot that the large majority of the people of Junagadh-and that is beyond dispute-were totally opposeci to the Ruler aooeding tu Pakistan. You have only to look at the map of that part of India to realize how absurd Junagadh’s aooession t0 Pakistan would have been. In the oase of Knshmir, not only bave we a le& inoonditlonnl aooessl~n, but wo ds0 bave the princlple of oortiguity snti6fied; nnd even if we were to tnke into oonsideration the wishes of the people of Kashmir, at the time of nooession, there oan be no doubt that the Nntional Conferenoe-whlcfi, as 1 nlready pointed out in my earlier statoment, wne tho party represen!ing the large mnjority of the people of Kashmir-wns olonrly and emphnticnlly in fnvour of ncoession to Indin. In the on88 of Hytlarnbnd and Jodhpur as well, the prinoiple of contiguity applied, arrd the puople of those stntoe were in fnvour of aooesslon to India. 1 do not wish to repent whnt quelques annaes devant la Cour supr6me du Pakistan oooldental, le rattaohement du Bahawalpur a 0t6 impos6 au souverain de oet Etat, Le khan de Kalat a refus9 d’aooepter le rattaohement au Pakistan et il a 6tB arr&8 et mie en dOtention en 1968, Dans auoun de oes deux oas, le prinoipe de 11autod6termination n’a 6tg appliqu8. Lorsque le Pakistan a aohet6 - et j%isiste sur le mot waohet6m - le territoire du Qwadar au sultan de Masoate, qu’a-t-il fait de son profond respeot pour le droit de la population B l’autod&ermination? La population duQwadar n’a pas eu la possibilitg de dire si, en plein XXBme sibole, il lui convenait d%tre vendue comme du b&ail. 40. Le Ministre des affaires exfirieures du Pakistan, revenant sur mon argumentation touohant le rattsohement des Etats, a essay6 de oontester que la question de la r8partition des religions Mt, du point de vue juridique, sans effet sur InvaliditO de l’instrument proolamant le rattaohement ratifie par le souverain du Caohemire. Il a invoau6 l’exemple du ;~R&I “% adh. Mais, dans oe oas, le ra&ohement‘aurait Penoontre du prinoipe de la oontiguit6, ind0- pendamment du fait que 18 grande maforit8 de la wuulation du Junaaadh 6tait inoontestablement tout L iait oppos&3 a 6s que le souverain proolame le rattaohement au Pakistan, Il suffit de regarder une oarte de oette ri3glon de l’Inde pour comprendre g quel point le rattuohement du Junagadh au Pakistan aurait &tb absurde. Dans le oas du Cachemire, non seulement le rattaohement est inconditionnel et juridiquement valable, mais le prinoipe de la contigolti est egalement reepaotî3, et si nous tenons compte des vœux de In population du Cachemire au moment du rattachement, il ne fait auoun doute que la ConfBrenoe nationnle qui, ainsi que je l’ai cl6jil indiqu0 dans mon intervention prdobdente, roprOsontait l’oplulon de la grande majorit6 de la population du Caohemire, 6talt manifestement et r~BOh~nellt 0n 41. During the disoussion between the United Nations Commission for Xndia and Pakistan and the Prime Minister of Indin regarding trie Commission~s plebisoite proposa1 of 11 Deoember 1948,a whioh later beoame the resolution of 6 January 1949,g the position of A&e Prime Minister of India was the following: “The Prime Minister emphasieed firstly thnt, if the Government of Indin were to nooept the Commissionls plebkoite proposale, no aotion ûould be taken in regard to them until parts 1 and II of tbe Commissionts resolution of 13 August had been fully implemented: seoondly that, in the event of Pakistan not aooepting these proposa16 or, having aooepted them, of not implementing parts 1 and II of the resolution of 13 August, the Indkn GovernmenVs aooeptanoe of them should not be regarded os in ~y wfiy binding upon them. , , .n7/ This 1s what the Prime Minister of India said on 21 Deoember 1948, and this is theexaotposition1 am taking up today in the year 1964. The Prime Minister made it oiear tbat unless the terms of parts 1 and II of the Commission’s resolution of 13 August 194381 were implemented, the aooeptanoe of the Government of India would not be regarded a8 binding uponus. There 1s no differenoe whatever in the position taken by the Prime Minister in 1948 and the position 1 a;n taking at this table in 1964. 42. Dr. Lozano, Chairman of the Commission, aooepted the pointe made by the Prime Minister of India, in paragraphs 2 and 3 of aide mamoire 1 oontained in the Commission~s seoond interim report. Mr. N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, whom also the Fore@ Minieter of Pakistan has quoted, eaid this in the Constituent Assembly of India on 27 May 1949: I’ I’he nooession waa offered by tba Maharajn nnd it wns ucoopted by tba Govorncr-General of the time . , , It ie an absolutely unoonditional offer . , , The nooesoion is oomplete.” “Le rattnoboment a 6t6 offert par le Maharajah et aooeptb par le gouverneur g8nbral de l%poque , . . C’est une offre absolument inoonditionnalle , , , Le rattaobement est oomplet.* -/Sao Offtclnl Ilocordo of dl0 socur1ty counc11, Fourd1 YOPP, supplollmt for January 1949, document S/1196, atuwx 3. y&&, document S/1196, pars. 15. albld;. documetlt S/lI96, annex 4, alda-mbtnolrc 7. !!/ tbld,, Iltlrd Yoar, Supplon~ont for Novembor 192, documotlt s/1100, para. 75. 44. The Prime Minister of India reaffirmed the same position whlle speaking to Parliament on 8 August 1963: “Al1 the States in India aooeded in July or August or later that year (1947) on these three basio subjeots-foreign affaira, oommunioation and defenoe. Can anybody say that aooes?ion of any State wa8 not oomplete in August or September or later in 1047 beoause it oame in only on these three subjeots? Of oourse not. It was a oomplete aooeesion in Iaw and in faot. SO the aooession of Jammu and Kashmir was oomplete in law and in faot on a oertain date in Ootober , . , There the matter resta and it is not open to doubt or ohallenge.” Therefore, we have never ohanged our position. Our position has remained the s.ame from 1941 until today. 46. When 1 eaid that the two reeolutione of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan whioh we had aooepted had beoome obsolete, 1 did not say it out of any disrespeot for the Seourity Counoil. We are a founder Member of the United Nations and we bave the greateot respeot for that Organizatlon and oartioularlv for the Seouritu Counoil. But how else ian you oharaoteriee a res~lution whioh waa adopted sixteen yeare ago and whioh hae not heen aoted upon by Pakistan, exoept as obeolete7 It ie obaofete in the eenee that the very bottom ha6 heen knooked out of it by the oonduot of Pakistan itaelf. The Foreign Minister lias very wlealy not referred to the fnlse etatemants made by Pakiatun with regnrd to its prasenoe in Kashmir, He hns tried to get rid of those inoonvanient faots hy ouggeeting that they are irrelevant, beonuse theee evonts hnppenecl prlor to the arrangement srrived at hehveen ourseives, Pakistan and the Seo,irity Counoil. T%ut la n total misrencling of tho CommlsslonVs resolutione. 1 hnve snld it hefore nnd 1 repent that thase rooolutiona w(3ro aondîtionnl and the oondition was tho vaoation of nggroeslon hy Paldstnn, a oondition whioh wns not aatlsfied and bas not boen satisfiod up to tbis dny. 46. Lorsque j’ai dit que les deux r6eolutions de la Commlssion des Nations Unies pour 1’Indeet le Pakiatan que nous avions aooept0es avaient perdu de leur aotualit6, je n’ai pas voulu manquer de respeot au Conseil de e6ourit.6. Nous somme6 l’un des Membres fondateurs de IlOrganisation des Nations Unies et nou8 avons le plus grand respeot pour l’Organisation et pour le Conseil de s6ourit6 en partloulfer. M~is oomment d6finir autrement que oomme “ayant perdu de son aotualit& une rdsolutfon qui, adopt6e il y a 16 ans, n’a jamais 0t8 mise enoeuvre par le Pakistan? Elle a perdu de son aotualft6 du fait que la conduite du Pakistan lui-m6me l’a priv0 de tout fondement. Le Ministre des affaires oxt8rieuree a trBs sngelnent omis de faire montion des d6olaratione maneongbres du Pakistan oonoernant sa pr6senoe au Caohemire. Il a oheroh6 h se d6hnrrnseer de faits gbnults en pr6tendnnt qu’ils n’avaient rion B voir aveo la questioll du fntt que les 6v6nements en oauae s%taient produits rivant la mise au point de ;‘arrnngement arr&6 entre le Paldntnn, le Conseil de s6ourlt0 et nous-m&mes. C’est lh une interprbtation totalement erron6e des r6solutions de la Commission, Je l’ai dit et je 10 r6p8te: ce8 r6solutions Etalent suhordonn6es h Uno 48. At no time did we abandon our sovereignty over the State of Jammu and Kashmlr, and we have never agreed to any resolution whioh even by implioation questioned this sovereignty. We have taken pains to sec that this basio position, adopted in the Commission’s resolutions of 13 August 1948 and 6 January 1949 is not departed from. We were naturally not prepared to rnodify these resolutiona whioh had been aooepted by both parties, partioularly as the suggested modifioations were only in favour of Pakistan, Al1 the subsequent talks about “synohronieationn and about “balanoed foroes” and SO on were not oontemplated by the Commission in its resolutions. sur PEtat de Jammu et Caohemire et Jamais nous n’avons aooept8 de résolution mettant Oette SOUveraine en oause, Mt-ee implioitement, Nous avons veill6 6 08 que oette position de prinoipe, oonsaor8e par les r8solutions de la Commission en date du 13 aoQt 1948 et du 6 janvier 1949, 8oi.t striotement maintenue. Nous n%#ons naturellement pas dispos88 B modifier 088 r$solutions qui avaient Bt6 aooept$es par les deux parties, d’autant que le8 modifioatione sugg0r6es Btaient toutes 6 l’avantage du Pakietan. Il n’btait pas question, dans les rt3solutions de la Commiesion, de la Qynohronisationfl de V6quilibre des foroesn, etc., dont on a par14 au oours des conversations ult9rieures. 49, 1 have just stated that the resolution of 13 August 1948 has beoome ohsolete and the bottom has been knooked out of it by the oonduot of Pakistan itself. May 1 briefly enumerate some of the major violations of the terms of this resolution by Pakistan: 49. Je viens de dire que la r6solution du 13 adit 1948 avait perdu de son aotualft8 et qulelle S’&ait trouv6 priv0e de tout fondement du fait de la oonduite du Pakistan lui-m0me. Permettes-moi d%num@rer bribvement quelques-unes des prlnoipalee violations de oette rt3solution dont le Pakistan s’est rendu ooupable: 1) Maintien des foross pakistanaises et du personnel pakietanais au Caohemire. - Ce fait n’est pas oontest0 par le Pakistan. 2) Envoi de mat&iel militaire de renfort dans le territoire oocu~. - C0 fait ne peut pafi non plus Btre oonteste par le Pakistan. 3) Construotion dtu6rodromes en territoire ooouph, oonstituant des bases d’attaque contre l’Inde et mettant en danger sa s6ourft6. - inoontesti. (1) Continuing presenoe of Pakistan foroes snd Pakistan personnel in Kashmir. This is not disputed by Pakistan. (a) Introduction of additional military equipment into oooupied territory. This again oannot be dispute by Pakistan. (3) Construotion of airfielda in oooupied territory, tirus oreating bases for attaok against India, endangering its seourity. Again, this 1s an undisputed fact. C’est Bgalement 16 un fait 4) IntBgration et inotirporation de la zone oocup$e du Jamtnu et Caohomire au Pakistan, - Autre fait incontestable, 6) Adoption par le Pakistan, mettant 6 profit h ootte oocasion son oppurtenanoe a des paotes (4) Consolidation and incorporation of the ocoupied area of Jammu and Kashmir into Pakistan. Again, tbere cari be no dispute about this. (G) Using its membership of military pacts to inarense Yakisian’s military potentinl in Kashmir, and (6) Organieing and financing of subversion and sabotage in Jnmmu and Kashmir. Almost every month in Kaihmir there are instanoes of subversion and sabotage organized and financed from Pakistan, (9) Havinrr no common border with the People’s Republio of China, Pakistan has neverthelsss negctiated witb it Kashmir’s border with Sinkiang, thus disruptlng the territorial unity of the State of Jammu and Kashmîr. This is the mcst reoent violation, giving away over 2,000 square miles of Kashmir to China in a SO-aalled treaty reotifying the border between Pakistan and China. Pakistan has no border with China, The only border is our border, the border of Kashmir. They are in unlawful possession of that part of Kushmir and they try to give away scmebody else’s property. 60. The Fore@ Minister of Pakistan has referred to oertain statements alleged to have been made by Bakshi Qhulam Mohammed, who until recently was the Prime Minister of Kashmir. 1 do not know the souroe from whioh he has obtained them. My instruotions are that these statements are not gt~ine, and this is borne out by a olear-cut straightforw i statement made by Bakshi Chulam Mohammed, k I tsident of the National Conferenoe, on 6 February 1964. IIe appealed to “a11 patriotio elemenW in the State as well as in other parts of the oountry to join hsnds in defendlng the oountry’s freedom against inoreasing threats from Pakistan. He drew attention to the everinoreasing threats from Pakistan to the seourity of the State and: “the malicious hate-India oampaign unleashed by Pakistan Press and radio.” And he added: *The need to close our ranks and forge unity among a11 those who believe in democratio seoularism and planned eoonomto progress of the nation has beoome paramount. It is time to forget and sink our past differences.” 1 quote agoin: “Our representative in the Seourity CounoW-he is referring to my humble self-vhas volced the truc feelings of tic peoplo of Jnmmu and Kashmir by asseT.+% onoe again thnt sinoe the people of the Stata hr .ready thrice expressed their verdict to beoome ~1 integral part of Indin, the question of holding a plebisoite muet be trented as olosed. He” -that in, myself-V~as curreotly stated that Jammu and Kashmir îs as good a part of India aa nny other State. Therefore, Pakistan has no right to meddlo 60. Le Ministre des dfaires ext6rieures duPakistan s’est r6fW B certains propos qui auraient 6t6 tenus par Bakshi Qhulam Mohammed, ticemment enoore Premier Ministre du Caohemire. Je ne sais pas d’oh il a tir6 ses informations. Selon mes instruo- Mons, oes propos ne sont pas authentiques et c’est ce que oonfirme une d6olaration tr%s nette faits le 6 f6vrier 1964 par Bakshi Qhulam Mohammed, pr6sident de la Conf0renoe nationale, dans laquelle il a adress6 un appel B %US les 616ments patrictiques”, de 1’Etat et des autres r6gions du pays, pour qu’ils s%nissent afin de defendre la libert8 du pays centre le danger oroiseant repr6sent6 par Ie Pakistan, et attir6 l’attention sur le p6ril de plus en plus grave que le Pakistan faisait oourir A la s9ourit6 de llEtat, et sur *la oampagne insidieuse de haine oontre l’Inde msn6e par la presse et la radio pakistanaises”. Il ajoutait: West aulourd’hui une n6cessit6 imp6rieuse de resserrer les rangs et de r6aliser liunit6 entra tous oeux qui ont foi dans la d6mocratie laique et dans le prcgrbs Boanomique syst6matique de la nation, Il est tempe de surmonter et d’oublier no8 divergence8 pa~&s,~ Je le cite A nou-(eau: “Notre repr6sentant au Conseil de s6curit8” - c’est F, moi qu’il fait allusion - “a exprlm6 les sentiments v6ritables du peuple du JamInu et Caohemire en reaffirmant aue nuiscue cette population a d6jA manifeste par troisfois 80. voIonM de faire nartie int&rante de l’Inde, la question de ltorgai&ation dl& plbbiscite doit OtiW oonsidOr6e comme close, 11” - i.1 s’agit de moi - “a dit fort justement que le Jammu et Caohemim fait partie de l’Inde au mOme titre que ntimports 61. 1 miRht noint out thatI reoeivedthisverv mornine a telegraÏn from Delhi saying that tlie st&ement ot whioh the Pakistan Foreign Minister had relied 1s desoribed by offioml oiroles in New Delhi and by Bakshi Qhulam Mohammed himself in Srinarrar as a orude forgery. 1 really think that when one ralies on statements and flourishos them in the Seourity Counoil, one might take a little oare and flnd out whether they are uuthentio and genuine. A false atatement was relied upon by the Fore@ Minister of Pakistan and we have Just reoeived a telegram that it 1s a orude forgery and we have the stntement of Bakshi Uhulnm Mohammed himself oontradioting the stntement relied upon by the Fore@ Minister. 62. There is a minor matter, thnt 1 must olear UR. It mny be true that as between the United Kingdom, Pakistan and India, India and Pakistanwere suooessor Stntes to the Unitéd Kingdom, but there is no doubt that internntlonally Pakistan was a new State and India was the sucoessor State to undivided India, If that had not been SO, it would net have been necsesary for Pakistan to be ndmitted as a Member of the United Nations. If both of us were suooessor States, then botb of us would have nutomationlly beoome Members of the United Nations. The Foreign Minister hRs also l’Inde qui 6tait 1’Etat suooesaeur pour l’ensemble du territoire indien. Dans le oas oontraire, iln’aurait pas et6 n0oessaire d’admettre le Pakistan comme Membre de l’Organisation des Nations Unies. Si nos deux Etats avaient Bt8 suocesseurs, tous deux seraient devenus automatiquement Membres de ltOrganisation. Le Ministre des affaires ext&ieures a Egalement fait allusion A la m&iiation et A l’arbitrage. Est-il besoin de lui rappeler qu’en matibre de souverain& il n’y a pas plade pour .la m&llation ou l’arbitr e? La souverainefi 88 manifeste p&ois$ment dans le Y ait que le pays qui la revendique ne peut pas tol6mr qu’elle soit soumise A un jugement ni permettre A un autre pays de dboider si oette souverain& existe ou non, 63. On nous a dit que quatre divisions indienne8 Btaient stationn8es au Ctrohetnire. Jo ne suis pas ;oi pour r6v8ler des seorets militaires. Comme dans le8 autres Etats eouverains, notre armhe, oti qu’elle se trouve A lYnt6rieur de nos frontibres, a pour mission d’assurer la ddfonee et la ebouritb de notre territoire et de sa population. Nos oompatriotes du Caohemi.‘o n’ont rien A redouter de leur arm6e. C’est en r8a. itB les aotes d’agression oommis A ltenoontre du Caoh3mire, d’un o0t0 par le Pakistan et de Pautre par la R8publique populG:z de Chine, qui nous obligent A jrandre des mesure8 udfonoivos ad6quntos. C’est 8) aotemsnt ainei que feu M. John Straoheg, membre lu Parlemunt, dant J’ai oit6 dans ma dbolnration pr&Jdente [1088&ne s&noo] la oommunioation A 1tObst rver, a oomprie notre attitude. referred to medintion nnd arbitration. Need 1 tel1 him that in the matter of sovereignty, there oannot be mediation or arbitration? It is the olear insignia of sovereignty that the oountry whioh olaims sovereignty oannot permit adjudioation about it or leave it to some other oountry to deoide whether in faot it is soveretgn or not. 63. We have been told that four Indian divisions are stationed in Kashmir, 1 am not here to disolose military seorets. As In other sovereign Stntes, our army, whorever stationed without our borders, is intended for the defenoe and ssourity of our land and our people. Our people in Kashmir have nothing to fear from their‘owi army. Indeed, aggression h Kashmir, by Pakistan on the one side and the PeoPle’e Republio of China on the other, oompels us totake adèquate measures in self-defenoo. This le exnotly whnt the late Mr. John Struolrey, M.P., from whoso oommunioation to The Observer 1 quoted in my enrlier stato- --- ment [1088th meeting], folt nbout our notion. 64. 1 do not wnnt to po nrrain into the nusstion of the Calouttn riots. 1 lmve-n&ndy dealt wiih it, But it is blally fnlse to euggest. thnt the lnndlorde hnvo beon allowed t0 innke profit out of the property of poor 64. Jo ne VOIIX p’.s revenir sur la question des Bmeuteo de C~~O~(CU. J’en ai dbjh par% Mais il est totalornent fdux ‘63 pr6tondro que les propri6talres ont pu tirer pro :it de l%noondie des biens appar- 66. TO sum up, Pakistan anme totheSeourityCounoi1 on two speoifio oharges. Cne was that we were trying to integrate Kashmlr further into India, andthe seoond was that there is a grave situation in Kaehmir whioh oalled for some aotion by the Counoil. In my submisslon, the Fore@ Mi&ter of Pakistan has failsd to substantiate either of these allegations, and therefore there is nothing before the Counoil on whioh it need take notion, 66. In oonolusion, may 1 end & the 8 ‘.me note tint 1 did in my earlier statement, These reoriminations, this unending debate, this making and answsring of oharaes lead us nowhere. We are prepared to disouss a11 &r outstanding differenoes with Pakistan, inoluding Kaahmir, onoe the bitter feelings and the oommunal passions have subsided. Pakistan oan help in this by esohewing propaganda at home and abroad and by taking every measure to prevent inoitement to oommunal passion in its Press andon Its radio. I wish to assure the Fore@ Minister of Pakistan, with a11 the emphasis at my oommand, chat Pakistan has nothing to fear from India. We have no aggressive lntentions. We tee1 that in the prosperity of Pakistan lies the prosperity of the whole suboontinent of India, and this prosperity, both of India and of Pakistan, depends upon Hindus and Muslims in both oountries living peaoefully aide by slde. Let us make every effort to oome together and sec whether we oannot take the neoessary steps tawards this end. This is easentially a matter for us to deoide: Pakistan and ourselves. No intervention of a third party oan bs of muoh help. There are aertaln matters whioh oan only be settled bilaterally, and the question of oommunal psaoe and harmony In India and Pakistan is one of them. 57. Mr ‘JlnI BABA (Moroooo) (translated from Frenoh): My delegation has listened wilh partioular attention to the statements made to the Counoll by tbs distînguishhed representatives of Pakistan and India. 58. Relations bebveen these two great oountries with respeot to the thoruy question w3 are oonsiderlng have beon highly unsatisfnotory for nnumber ofyears, and thie is indisputably one of the problems whloh oauses my oountry most oonoern. My Covernmenl has very oloee relations with the Covornmente 01 hotb Pakistan nnd Indin, baeed on strong tics ol brotherhood nnd friendship and on the lofty prlnclples of Afro-Asian solidarity. As 111s Majesty the King of Moroooo hns snid on vnrious ooonsions, theee prinoiples, Iargely inspirod by the thinking of gront mer like Gandhi and Prime Minister Pandit Nehru, oonstitute the @ding idoe wl:.oh underllus OUT oonoent 01 67. M. SIDI BABA (Mm): Ma d&l&gatIon a boOut6 aveo une partioulibre attention les d6olarations faitSs devant le Conseil par les repr6eentants du Pakisitan et de l’Inde. 63. L%tat profond8ment dbplorable dans lequel 60 trouvent, depuis de nombreuses annees, les rapports etltre 08s deux grands pays h propos deoette question Epineuse, oonstitue inoontestnblement l’un des problbmes qui pr6oooupent le plus mon pays, En effet, mon gouvernement entretient des relations tr8.3 &roites h la fois aveo le Gouvernement du Pakistan st aveo oelui de l’Inde, relatlons fond4es sur dos liens nrofondp de frnternit6 et d’amltib, ainsi que sur im nobles prinoipes de la tiolidarltiafroasiatique. Ainsi que Sa MnJestB 10 roi du Maroc l’a d4olarb h diffkentes oooasions, oes prinolpes, largement lnsplr& par In penske de grands hommes 60. 1 also take pleasure in reoalling here that it WBR in this same spirit of solidarity chat my oountry, lika SO many others, fully supported India at the time of its decision to terminate Portuguese oolonial rule in the enolave of QOA. 81. This being 80, 1 need hardly tel1 you to whst extent we, AS friends, are affeoted by the reporousaions of this aouto orisis and how relievod we would be if the two parties to the dispute should one day reaoh a solution whioh was just and equitable and henoe oapable of Qiving Patisfaotion to a11 oonoerned, inoluding the population of the state of Jammu snd Kashmir. 62. In that way the twooountries oould, for the greater good of their peoples, inaugurate a new era in their relations, establishing a polioy of gvod-neighhourliness and friendly and fraternal oo-operation-a polioy based, moreover, on a oommunity of oulture and civilieation and on partioularly strong bonds of kinship. We shall not oease to hope and pray for this result. 63. In the interests of finding a solution tothis grave problem and of limiting the soope of the orisis as muoh as possible, my delegation oonsiders it highly deeirablo for the two Qovernments henoeforth to refrain. from taking any kind of unilateral aotion that might give rise to new oomplioetions or in any way oall in queetion the deoisions whioh the Seourity Counoil has already taken in agreement with the parties oonoerned and in the applioation of whioh they agreed, at one Mme, to oo-operate. 84. We tee1 that, in the interests of peaoe and seourity in this sensitive part of the world, eaoh of the parties to the dispute should do what le neoossary to lersen the danger and bring ahout the md&ente” whioh is essential if the problem is to he resolved by ne@iation. That, in my delegation’s view, le the minimum whioh, in the oiroumetanoes, the Counoil should ask for. 66. The grnvity of the problem whioh the Counoil is now oonaidering nt the request of Pakistan 1s oertainly nothlng new. Tho stakes, on the other hand, seem reoently to havo aeeumed Inrgar proportlone as a result of intensive milltnry and diplomntlo efforts, and this, unfortunntely, nppears to hnve made the situation even mord oomplex. Finnlly, there 1s the fnot thnt Urne, instend of holping ta deorense the tonalon, ns mlgbt hnvo boon hoped nt the outset, hns served only to widen the gnp botweon thu two posltlons. kînd as a whole, would be inoaloul8ble. $7. In this matter, mvolving as it does a oonfliot behveon Ro sister StateS, it goés without saying that many oountries, inoluding my own, would prefer not to take aides-oonsidering it the part of wisdom and good sens8 for the oommon friands of Pakistan and India to do everything possible ta enable the dispute eventually to be settled through peaoeful negotiations in a spirit whioh is one of mutu81 oonaession and of oonformity with the earlicr resolutions. My Qovernmentis determination to leave no atone unturned in its efforts to help overoome the uiffioulties arising from this oonfliot is equalled only by our desire that the two pnrties should agree to ait down together and reaoh a solution based on respect for rights, inoluding the right of peoples to deoide t.hi*ir own future, It is interesting to note, indeed, thut the parties to the dispute have on numerous oiroasions sud in various oiroumstanoes defined, eaoh as oonoerns itself, positions favourable to a fOrmulE whioh would permit the people involved to deoide its own destiny. 66. In my delegation’s view, it le only on this basis, perhaps, that 8 valid and at the snme time laeting solution oan bs fwnd for this serious dispute whioh bar, unfortunately, developed frùm a speoifio situation reoocmiced bv a11 as havinrr Pttven rlse to serious oontgoversy. -Thus the two pa?ties, assisted by a11 their friends and with the help of the United Nations, will suooesd in terminating the existence of a problem-that of the State of Jammu and Kashmir-whioh 1s 80 prejudioial to a11 ofus. Theywill thereby remove a souroe of tension whioh for more than sixteen yearr bar been sn obstaole to rapproohement between their two sieter and neighbour oountries. 60, Mr. USHER (Ivory Toast) (translated from F’renoh): The Seourity Counoil is meeting to disouss onoe ngnln the so-onlled question of Jammu and Kashmir at the request of Pakistan. 70. In order to estnblish the faots of the problem as thev nnw stand. we hnvo before us the lettor datecl 1.6 January 1964. from the Minister for External A&irs of Pakistan IS/66171 u and the lotter from the Permanent Repres&.ative of Jndia dnted 24 January 1064 [S/60223Y lnformlng us that the ohnrges oon- -- 70. Pour Etablir les donnees uotuelles du probl8m0, nous disposons de la lettre du Ministre des affairoo oxtbrieures du Pakistan. en data du 16 fanvler 1964 [S/6617wj, et de oelle du repreaentant p&tmment de l’Inde, en date du 24 janvier 1964 (S/66220/], qui noua apprend que les aoousations portees dans lu lettre J in to annex the part of the Rate of Jammu and Kashen oherohant A integrer la partie de 1’Etat de Jammu r whioh 1s held by India. In support of lb argument, et Cachemire qu%ooupe l’Inde. A l’appui de sa thbse, Pakistan retors to the legislative and oonstitutional le Pakistan mentionne les tentatives de modifioations ohanges whioh the Indian Covernment is seeking to 16gielatives et oonetitutionnelles envisa*s par le bring about. Gouvernement de l’Inde. 72. Without, apparently, rejeoting those oharges, 72, A oes aoouaatione, qu’elle ne eemble pas rejeter, India replies that Jammu and Kashmir has betrn an l’Inde r6pond que le Jammu et Caohemire est partie integral part of India sinoe 27 Cotober 1047 under intdgrante de l’Inde depuis le 27 ootobre 1047, oonforthe British SO-oalled Covernment of India Aot of m6ment A la loi britannique de 1036, dite Uovernment 1036, as amended in 1047. It is argued, therefore, of India Aat, amend6e en 1047. Il s’ngirait en oone& that the question 1s a purely interna1 one. quenoe d’une question d’ordre purement interne, 73. The Seourlty Counoil, alas, has had many op- ‘73. Le Conseil de s6ourit5 a eu, h6las, de nomportunities to deflne its position. Its views are stated breuses oooasions de definir aa ,posltion. Ses vues in well-known resolutions. We are not being asked to sont oontenues dans des r6solutions oonnues. On ne invalidate them, any more than we oan be asked at thls stage to prepare an indiotment, to judge and to nous demande pas de les infirmer, pas plus qu’on ne saurait nous demander au stade aotuel de dresser oondemn, That would be futile: moreover, it is my delegation’s understanding that our task 1s to take un aote d’aoousation, de juger et de oondamner. Cela ne servirait A rien, et ma d615gation oroit dlailleurs measures to bring about progress towards a just and honourable solution of the problem. oomprendre qu’on nous demande de prendre des mesures pour assureP que le problbme avanoe vers une solution juste et honorable, 74. However, before dealing with the problem itself, 74, Mais avant de s’attaquer au probl5me, ma my delegation would like to restate certain fundad618gation voudrait invoquer oertains prinoipes fonmental prinolples, First, we aooept a11 the resolutions damentaux. PremiBrement, nou6 admettons toute6 les of the Seourity Counoil and we also reoognlee tbeir tisolutions du Conseil de s8ourlt6, et nous reoonnaisdynamio naturel seoondly, we reaffirm our devotion sons Bgalement leur oaraotbre dynamiques deuxibmeto the saored prioiple of self-determination; thirdly, ment, nous r$affirmone notre attaohement au principe we also oondemn raoial and religious disorlmination. saoti de 11autod6terminat~on; troisl&mement, noua Tbat is the epirit in whioh we approaoh this debate, oondamnons Bgalemsnt toute disorimination raoiale et seeing for ourselves with great sorrow and regret religieuse, C’est dans oet esprit que nous voulons the distressing results of the violenoe whioh has entrer dans le pr6eent ddbat, en oonstatant, aveo ooourred and whioh oannot be explained nway by reason oombien de regret et de douleur, le triste rbeultat or passion, des vlolenoes que ne saurait expliquer nulle raison ni passion, 76. In view of the gravity of me question and the 76. Devant la gravltb du probl6me et devant possibility of a deadlook in the Counoil, every possil~impasee oh pourrait se trouver le Conseil, il y a bility of settling the matter whioh oomes to mind Heu d’exploiter A fond toutes les possibllit5s de ehould be thoroughly explored and we must say at rbglement qui s’offrent A notre esprit, et nous disons cnoe that there le a gllmmer of hope, Thie hope, tout de suite qu’il y a une lueur d’espoir. Cette whioh already exieted in 1061 and 1067, has beoome lueur, qui existait d6jA en 1061 et 1957, a un peu ~Pli a little dimmer in 1084 beoause the situatlon ie 80 fluid. But it 1s etill something to hold on to sinoe, en 1964, en raison du oaraot6re mouvant de la rituatien. Mais elle reste enoore une oooaeion A saisir, in the interert of peaoe, we must oling to Borne hope attendu que lW&& be la paix nous frit obli tion ramer than give way to deepair, de tenir bon plut& que de nous laisser a1 er au P dbrespolr. 76, The peoples of Pakistan and India are one and 76. Les peuples du Pakistan et de l’Inde oonstltuent the same poople. For oenturieo they lrnve lived on un seul et mBme peuple. Pendant dos sieolas, ils gond torms side by side. There are Muelime in India ont v6ou 8’1 bonne intelllgenou. Des musulmnns sont aatl ilindus in Pnklstnn. Surely u Muslirn is no difen Inde, des hlndous uu Pakistan. Un musulmun farent physiologIonlly from a Iiindu, n Christian or seralt-il physiologiquement dîff6rent d’un htndou,d%n an athelst? And yot, whole oommunitles rise up ngainst ohr&len, d’un ath6e7 Et oependnnt des commun&& Lo/Ibld., Slxth Yaar, Suma forlJamry, Fcbruary snd Mwch .!P/ Ibid., slxldlllc Rlln60 su Iomont dB allvler fQvrloretll1arl IY51 J& document S/2017/Rev.l; nndIblrl., ‘Ikolfth Yoar. Suodomont for ..- dowmut S/2m&, doWnie ~nna’e, ,%wnt do ~a,,! J~nuaty, Pobrwry rnd Mat-ch lY57, document S/377Y. vler,fbvrior at nw8 1957, document S/3779. m Ibld,, Thlrd Y.%-, Supplomont for Nowmber 1943, docuIymyt S/llDD u IlrI&, trolrldmo wr80, Snnvlbmant do novembre 194% document , para. 75 ard lbld., Pourth Yoar, buçplomont for rnuary , S/llW par. 73: ot lbld,,A dWtmcnt S/1196, par*. 15. uptrldme annk, SupplBmont da JanvIor 1949, document S/IIY6, par. 1s. 77. The Presldent of Indla ha8 asked the Presldent of Pakistan to joln wlth hlm in appealing to the people of the two oountrles to malntain peaoe and harmony, The Presldent of Pakistan is also asking the Indlan authoritles to take effeotive measures to restore peaoe and order and to give the Mualim minorltles R feeling of fleourlty on00 again. 78, We oannot fall to note the patbetio appeal made by the President of Pakistan to the Presldent of Indin, whloh WAS read to us by the Minlster for External Affalrs of Pakistan, and I quote: “By blaming and thus lmplledly oondoning oommun&l killingtr and destruotlon in one oountry on slmilar lnstanoes in the other, we might unwlttingly lend enoouragement preolsely to these evll foroes whioh lt le Qovernment’s duty ~0 ourb , . . Let leaders in eaoh oountry look lnto thelr own hearts and re- 8OlVe ta put thelr own house in order.” [lO87th meeting, para, 70.1 70. lt ha8 been proved thnt the two oountries are SO oloeely bound together that nothlng that happens in one oan fail to be of oonoern to the other. It ha8 been proved that eaoh needs moral guarantees from the other in order to maintain geaoe wlthin its own border& Lastly, lt has been prowed-if euoh proof were nsoessary-that the two oountries are suffering morally ‘and materially from thie state of latent orisis. 80, Consequently, the immediate prnotloal aotion open to us ie to assist the Governments of India and Pakistan to establish the oonditions for interna1 peaae in thelr respeotive oountries. For this they must do two thi.@r firat, reetore a olimate of undérstandlng between the two oountrles and peaoe and harmony between the oommunities by putting an end to the war being waged in the Press and over the air whioh oan only foster hatred Bnd exaoerbate tensions between them with a11 the rieks of open oonfliot lnherent in suoh a situation; seoondly, use the influence of the eleated authorltles 8’ leaders to 8888 the mlnds of the people, partioularly the majorltles, and thus prevent a reourrenoe of violenoe and ensure the seourlty of tho oommunlties. 81. We bellevo that if eaoh purty took Uose eteps withln Ils own territory it would be furnisblng the beat proof of lts doslro to 80011 n penoeful solution to the dlepute we are ooneldorlng. It must, howover, bt3 reoognized thnt theso are only tentntlve solutions, npplionblo only to tbo immadinte preeent, nnd thnt Kashmlr must oaaeo to be a oonstant subjeot of tonsion in Indo-Pakletan ralntions-musl oenso to be thc onuse of interna1 dieorcler it hns boen slnoe 1647. en deux ooints. En premier lieu, ils doivent r&ablir un olimai d’entente -entre les deux puys et reetauror la naix et l’harmonie entre les oommunaut68, en meitant fin A la guerre des ondes et de la presse, qui n’est propre quIA entretenir la haine et la teneton entre les populations, aveo les risques d’exploeton que oela comporte. En seoond lieu, il leur faut user de l’influenoe du pouvotr et des pereonnallt6s BlUez pour apaiser les esprits, surtout les mnjorit88, afin d’emp6ober nlnsi le renouvellement des notes ds violenoe et d’assurer la s6ourit6 des oommunaut6z. 61. Noua censona quo obacun, ~‘11 prenait oes mesures dans son pays, donnerait la meilleure preuve de son d6slr de rechercher une eolutlon pacifique Ru diff6rend soumls h notre examen. Il faut convenir oesendnnt «uo cc ne sont 18 enoore que dos solutions dlnpproohe,~bonnae seulement pour l~imm6diat, et que le Caohsmlre doit oesser d’btre 08 perp&uel sujet de teneion yu’ll cst dans les relations lndo-paklstanalsee; yu’ll doit cesser do Jouer cw râble dlugeet de d&&pIilibro Interne qu’il Joue doputs 194’7. the interest of averting the threat to peaoe and aeourity in that part of the wosld, not to sidestep the fundamuntal Issue. 83. TO that end, we shall ùegin with the statements of leaders whose words nre to be trusted. In his speeoh of 26 Jnnuary, on the eve of thenational holiday, President RadhakrIehnnn. aooordinrr to Franoe-Presse, aeserted bis desire to bring agout peaoe in the world nnd statod that in its relations wlthChinaand Pakistan the lndlon Qovernment waa gutded hy the deslre to reaoh a peaoeful and honournhle settlement of questions in dispute. In its letter of 24 Jnnuary the Indian Covernment onoe again nppeals to the Covernment of Pakistan to Join wlth lt to devise ways and means of brlnging to an end the reourring oyole of suoh inoidents and disturbanoes whioh werepoisoningrelations between the two oountrles. 84. The ropresentative of India likewise relterated before the Seourity Counoil that he helieved in dlsoussion, In the solution of differenoas by meana of oonferenoes, and he added: “., . we will weloome Pakistan to sit with us and resolve our differenoes* (1088th meeting, para, 871. 8G. Al1 these admisdons convinoe UP of the possibility of a rapproohement. And that, in our view, is somethlng we onn work wlth. Whlle It is true that throughout this long Kashmir episode we may some- Urnes hnve wonderëd ahout the‘underlying Intentions of one party or the other, inoluding these friends, we now feelthat the statements quoted are in keeping wtth tho methods laid down by the Iieads of Afrioan States and Covernmentr at Addis Ababa and proolaimed by them as dootrine In the Charter of the Organlaatîon of Afrionn Unity: the ultimate purpose of a dialogue 1s a positive reeult. 813. We would hope that Pakistan would reaot to that attitude wlth thnt oonstant oonoern for aooommodation and that virtue of wlllingnese to make oonoeseîons whfoh it hns ehown ever dnoe the prohlem of Jummu and Kashmir firet arose. For that matter, Pnklstan hae not ellmlnated that poeslbllity as a means of bringing the two oountrles to the Inexorable and logloal end of their rond, namely, the good neighhourllnese and friendship to whioh they have been destlned by their long oommon hietory. Moreover, the Minister for External Affalre of Pakistan aleo stated in the Ssourity Counoilr *It is within our power to flnd the meane to Hve in peaoe, provlded there te a wtll to Ilve in peaoe.” (1087th meeting, para, 97.1 87. Thesa statements in whioh the words lspeaoell, “juflt” ) nhonourablen are used ngaln and agnin are in oonformlty with the Purposes and Prlnolplos, and In l~artloula I’, with Chaptor VI. of tha United Nations Charter. 88. In tho light of a11 thfs, we are temptod to ask I11d1a and Pnkistan to rusurne nogotlations, lenving 11 to them to soolc tho good offloes clthor of a State 01’ of somc emlnent person If they should feel tha aaed and ths deslru to do 80. OC ooume, thnt solution 8’7. Ces d0olaratIane dans leeyuelles reviennent les mots, “paix”, “juste”, *honorables*, sont oonformas A la Charte des Nations Unles dans ses byte et prlnoipe~, et oh0issent en partioulier A son ohapltre VI. 88. A la lumlbre do tout Oela, nous sommes tent0s de demander A l’Inde et au Pakistan de reprendre les t@ooiations, libre A eux de solllolter les bons offioos soit d’un puys, solt d’une hauk personnalitb, s’ils en bprouvent le besoin et s’ils le d0slrent. 80. The proposa15 of India and Pakistan are 50 far apurt that they seem to be irraoonoilable. The bonds of friendehip between the Ivory Coast and bath of thoee oountries, and its solidarity with them within the framework of the Afrioan-Asian group, preoluded it from siding with one againet the other. 00. Nevertbeleas, we wieh to disoharge our responsibility as a member of the Counoil. We have been oonsidering as one possible solution the proposa15 whioh R number of delegations with whioh we Rave been in oontaot sinoe the beginning of our di5ou55ion5 of the subjeot have enoouraged us to submit to the Counoil, 01. These proposale mp.y be embodied in n resolution, or in an appeal by the President of the Counoil. My delegation would go along with a resolution if the majorlty of the Counoil 80 desired, but it prefers an appeal. We are therefore prepared to give fut1 support to an appeal whioh would read as followst NThe Seourity Counoil requests the two oountriesr (1) to re-eetablish a olimate of understanding t?etweeen them and to restore peaoe and harmony behveen the oommunities: and (2) to prevent the reourrenoe of aots of violence and to ensure the seourity of the oommunities. “The Counoil oalls upon the two parties to resume their negotiations with a view to reaobing n peaoeful settlement of a11 their differenoes, inoluding the question of Kashmir, taking intc aooount past aotion by the United Nations and the wishes of the peuple oonoerned. “The Counoil suggests to the two oountriee that they should have reoourse, by agreement, to the good offioee of a oountry or aperson of thelr ohoioe, if they oonsider it desirable to do 80.~ 02. Thoee are the proposa15 whioh the delegation of tbe Republio of the Ivory Coast wished to submit to the Seourity Counoil. 03, Sir Patriok DEAN (United Kingdom); The statemente whioh we have heard from the rspresentatives of Pakistan and India have revealed yet again the oomplexities of the auestion now before the Counoil and ‘the apparently àomplete inoompatibility of the pub110 attitudes taken bv the two parties to the Kash- ‘mir dispute. This, 1 amafraid, wis an outoome whioh my Clovernment had oxpooted. What WL) had hopod to avoid bore WBB bltter noousntion nnd oountor-noou- SAtIOlI. 04. My OovernmonV8 vlew on the settloment of the Knshmir problem wns stated intheD~~itishParliament in Deoembar lO66 by tho Uuder-Seoretnry of State for Commonwanlth Relntionu in the followlng tortns: “IIer Mnjoety’s &vernment bave always boped that thls dleputa would be settlod by ngreoment 80. Les propositions de l’Inde et du Pakistan sont si 0loign6es qu’elles nous semblent inoonciliables, L’ami#6 que la Cete-dIXvoire Bprouve pour l’un et l’autre pays, la eolidarit43 qui la lie h eux dans le oadre du groupe afrioano-asiatique, ne lui permettent pas de prendre pnrti pour l’un oontrs l’autre. 00. NBanmoins, nous voulons noue aoquittor de nos responsabilit& -de membre5 du Conseiï. Nous nvans oonsid6r6 oomme l’une des solutions possibles 108 propositions qu’un oertain nombre de‘ d616gation5, aveo qui nous sommea demourlk en oontaot depuis l’ouverture de nos ddbats, nous ont enoouragf38 B pr65enter au Conseil. 01, Ce5 prOPOdtiOn5 peuvent &Te OOntenUeS dAn5 une r6EOlUtiOtr, ou dM5 un appel du Pr68ident. Mn d616- gatlon aooeptera un0 r95olutIon si tel est le vœu de la majorit8 du Conseil, mais elle pr6fBreun appel, Auesi sommes-nous prbts B apporter notre entibre adh6eion B un appel qui serait r6diff6 de la manibre 5uIvants: -- “Le Conseil de 86ourM demande aux deux pays: 1) de r&ablir entre eux un olimat d’entente et de restaurer la paix et Ilharmonie entre les oommunautis; et 2) d’emp6oher le renouvellement des aotes de violenoe et d’assurer la 86ourit6 des oommunaut05, “Le Conseil invite les deux partie5 B reprendre leurs n@ooiations en vue d’aboutir B une solution paoifique de tous leurs diffhends, y oompris la question du Caohemire, en tenant oompte de l’aotion exerode dans le pas86 par les Nations Unies et des vœux de la population int8ress6e. “Le Conseil euggbre aux deux pays de reoourlr, d’un oommun aooord, s’ils le jugent utile, aux bons offioes d’un pays ou d’une personnalit6 de leur ohoix.” 02, Telles sont les proposition5 que la d616gation de la RBpubliquo de C&e-d’hoire d85irnit soumettre au Conseil de sbourlt6. 93. Sir Patrick DEAN (Royaume-Uni) [traduit de l’anglaisl: Le6 ddolaratlons des repr65entants du Pakistanet de l’Inde ont r4v616 une-fois de lue la oomplexiti de la question dont le Conseil de o B aurit e8t saisi et les diff6renoea apparemment irr(lduotibles entre les positiona offidellee des deux partie6 au diffhrend relatif au Cachemire. C’est malheureusemont 18 le r05ultnt auquel mon gouvernement s’nttendait. M~is nous osp6rions bvlter un bohnnge norimonieux dlaoousatione ut de oontro-aooueatlons. 94. Ln uositlon de mon nouvernement sur 10 rklement dela question du Cnohemlre a 0t0 exp&6e devant le Parlomont britnnniouo. en d6oernbre 1966, par le Sou&SeorBtaire d’Etat ,oir les rolatlon8 ctitro les membre5 du Commonwenlth dnns les termes aulvante: “Le Gouvernement do SnMajostbutouJours~ap9r6 que ce diffbrend eeruit r6gl6 par volo d’nooord 06. We are still oonvinosd that a solutionoanemerge only from oonstruotive and sinoere negotiations between the Qovernments of lndia and Pakistan. We are anxious lest publio disoussion in thc Reourity Counoil should prejudioe prospeots for suoh sinoere negotia- Mon. Nevertheless, the problem of Kashmir bas onoe more betin brought before us, 96. Nous demourons oonvainous que seules des negooiatfons oonstruotives et sinobres entre les Qouvernements do l’Inde et du Pakistan oonduiront B uns solution et nous oraignans que des d6bats publioe nu sein du Conseil de s6ourit6 ne soient pas favorables B l’ouverture de telles ndgooiatlons. Quoi quIIl en soit, nous nous trouvons saisis une fols de plus de la question du Cachemire. 00. In theso oiroumstanoeo my delegatlon beliaves that it is the olear duty of a11 members of the Counoil, and if 1 may say BO, the delegations of Indin and Paklstnn, to do our beet t0 use this Ooonsion for disoussion and negotiation with a view to moving towards the settlement whioh hns eluded the oolleotivo wisdom of the Seourity Counoil for fifteen years. 96. Dans les olroonstanoes aotuellee, ma d610gation estime qu’il est manifestement du devoir de tous les membres du Consell et, Je me permets de le dire, des d81i3gatlone de FInilé et dü Pakistan, de tirer tout le parti possible de l’oooaslon qui leur est offerts dé disoüter et de n6gooier en vüe d’arriver au rbglement d’un probl8me que toute la sagesse du Conseil de s8ourit.6 se r6vble lmpulssante h r0- soudre depuis 16 ans. 07. My delogation has therefore weloomedtheefforts whioh we understand are belng made behind the soenes to find oommon ground between Indla and Pnklstan. We should indsed tbe well pleassd if n fresh approaoh by suoh members of the Counoil as bave spoken today, whioh hnve not prevlously had direot oontnot with the oonsideration oithis question in the Soourity Counoil, should lead to the break-throunh thnt is DO earnestlv dosircd by a11 membors of thlË Counoil, and shouti enable the negotiations towards whioh my Covernment bas been working for many years to be undertaken on A hasis that holds promis0 of a settlement. 97, Ma d818gatlon se f6lloite donc des efforts qui, B oe qulelle orolt savoir, sont d8ployt3B offioleusement en vue de trouver un terraln d’entente entre l’Inde et le Pakistan, Nous serions en v6rit6 trbs heureux ei oeux des orateurs que nous avons entendus et qui n’ont pas enoore eu 8 a’ooouper dlreotement de oette question au Conseil de sbourlt4 nous permettaient de sortir de lilmpasse ainsi que le souhaitent sino&rement tous les m6mbres du Conseil, et si les nbgoolatlons que mon gouvernement prbooniee depuis de nombreuses annbes s’ouvralent sur une base pouvant oonduire A un tiglement. 06, What 1 have now to Bay, therefore. will be direoted to making plain my- &vernmuntls views on the status of Kashmlr, to outllning action taken by my Covernment sinoe the Seourity Counoil last met to disouss Kashmir in lOR$ and flnnlly to suggesting steps whioh in 6ur opinion would h?lp towurds progress. 08. Mon propos est dono de pr6oiBer la position de mon gouvernement sur le statut du Caohemlre, de donner un aperçu des effort8 qu’il a aooomplls depuis les dernfbres sbanoes que le Consell de sbcwltb a oonsaorbes A la question en 1962, et enfin de sugg4rer des mesures qui, selon nous, oondulralent A des rbsultats positifs. 00, First, 1 wish to relterate my Covernment’s psitlon on Ihe statue of Kashmir and on the question of self-determination. This was made olenr most reoently by our sponsorship of the resolution adoptod by the Seourlty Counoll on 24 Jnnuary 1957,lr/ Aooording to that resolution, the Counoll 09. Tout d’abord, je tiens A rbafflrmer la position de mon gouvernement en oe qui aonœrne le statut du Caohemlrs et la question de l’autodbterminatlon, Nous Ilavons lndtqube trbs olalrement en pr6sentant rboemment aveo d’autres dblbnatlons la rbrolutlon qui a bu) adopt4e par le Cons%11 de sbourltb le 24 lanvier 1957~. Aux termes de oette rbsolutloa. le Conseil$ *rappelalit] aux gouvernements et autorltir lndressbs le prlnoipe bnono8 dans ses rbsolutlonr des 21 avril 1048, 8 juin 1948, 14 mars 1980 et 80 mars 1951, aine1 que dans ha rbsolutlons des 13 aobt 1048 st 6 janvier 1940 de la Commlselon dee Nntlons Unies pour l%da et le Pakistan, h Bnvoir quo le sort d6flnltlf de 1’Etnt de Jnmmu et Caohemire dolt 6tro dboid0 oonfo?m&nont A la volontb dos populations, exprIm6e uu moyen de la proo6dure d&mnoratlquo d’ut) iJ16b!flOftO libre et lmpartlal tenu sous l%gide de ltOrganlsatlon dos Natlons Unlefl”. Mon gouvernement dsmoura rbsolument fldble aux prlnolpofl Bnonobs dans cette r6Bolutlon. n(remindsd] the Uovernments and authoritles oonoerned of the prinoiple emhodled In its res~lutions of 21 Aprll 1948, 3 June 1948, 14 Mnroh 1960 and 30 Ma& 1951, ind the United Nations Commission for Indln and Pakistan resolutiona of 13 Aurmst 1048 nnd G Jnnunry lD40, thnt tho îlnnl dlBposiiion of the Ytnto of Jnmmu nnd Kashmlr wlll bo mnde in nooordrrnoo with tlro Will of the pooplo oxpreuood Uwough tho domoorutio mothod of n freo nnd lmpartla pleblsolto oonduotod undor tho auepioeo of tho Unltod Nations.” My Qovornmunt stnnds flrmly by tho prinolplus onunolatod In thnt rosolution today. 101, 1 now turn to the aotion taken by my aovorament towards trying tu find a solution of the Kashmir dispute in the period sinoe the Seourity Counoil~s last disoussion of the matter in 1962. 1 need not explain to mombors of tho Yeourity Counoil why my Glovernment hus felt oompelled to be native in this matter. The Counoil is wpll aware of our historioal aseooiatien with the problem and the ‘tles of friendshlp nnd Commonwoalth with bath India and Pakistan, whloh mnke tho oontinuntlon of thls dispute between tho two oountrios SO distressing to my Qovernmont. 102. It will be equally oloar to members of this Counoil and, 1 trust, to the delenations of India and Pakistan, that satisfaotory per&tnent politioal de- Eenoe and eoonomla arranlfements for the Indian suboontinent oan never be rea‘ohed until there 1s an agreed Kashmir settlement. My Qovernment is, therefore, bound to regard thls aË the ultimate objeotive and oonsBntly to seek ways and means of movlng towards it. It wae in this spirit, that my çtovernment warmly weloomed the joint statement issued by Mr. Nehru nnd President Ayub Khan on 29 November 1962, whloh rends as follows: “The President of Pakistan and the Primo Minister of India have agreed that a renewed effort should be made to resolve the outetanding differenoes between thelr two oountries on Kashmir and other related matters, SO as to enable India and P,kistan to Iive side by side in peaoe and friendship, In oonsequenoe they have deoided to start disoussions at an early date wlth the objeot of reaohing an honourable and equitable settlement. These will be oonduoted initlally at the ministerial level. At the appropriate stage direot talks will be held behveen Mr. Nehru and President Ayub,” We rogardod thls statoment of intention ns a major 8tap forward and we followod the oourse of the mItlIa terial moetlngs whioh were subseqrtently held wllh keen antlolpntion. 103. ‘I’horo WOI’O 111 nll ELlx roundti !~f~~~;,,ll,lstol~iul talIce. Ilnfortunntely, thoy oame to 1111’ &d on 16 Mny 1903 wlth ~III niu~oun00m0nt thn5 “110 ngroemont oould bo renchotl’~ , At thls stngo tny Uovornmont rovortod to tho tron~l of thought whlOlr :lntl booi~ propou~~dod Iii Lho Seourlty Counoll III lDO2, nnmely, that, In tho faoe of the innblllly of the Lwo oountrles to ngreo, 101. J’en viens maintenant aux efforts que mon POUvernement a d6ploy0s pour essayer detrouver-une solution au differend du Caohemire depuis la dernibre fois que le Conseil de s6ourit6 a exanïin6 ‘1 question, en 1982. Point n’est besoin de rappeler aux memhre8 du Conseil pourquoi mon gouvernement a estima qu’il &ait de son devoir de stooouper aotivement de oetb question, Le Conseil sait qu’historiquement oe probl8me nous touohe de pr8s et il n’ignore pas que noua sommes unis tant & l’Inde qu’au Pakistan par les liens de ltamlti6 et par notre oommunb appartenance au Commonwealth, qui rendent partioull8rement attristante pour mon gouvernement la persistanoe de oe dlfftlrend, 102. Les membres du Conseil et, je l’espBre, le8 d616gations de l’Inde et du Pakistan oomprendront 6galement qu‘il est impossible de parvenir h de8 arrangement8 6oonomlques ou h des aooords de d6fense politique durables et satisfaisants pour l’ensemble de la pdninsule indienne tant que la question du Caohemire n’aura na8 t3tB resolue. Il est dono normal que mon gouvernement oonsicl&e .le rbglement de oe problbme oomme Vobjeotif ultime B atteindre et reoherohe oonstamment les moyens permettant d’y parvenir. C’est dans oet esprit qu’il a aooueilli aveo la plu8 grande satisfaotion la d6oldration oommune publi6e le 29 novembre 1962 par M, Nehru et par le prhsident Ayub Khan, dans laquelle on lieait notamment: @Le PrBsident du Pakistan et le Premier Minietn, de l’Inde ont reoonnu la n6oessit.6 de faire un nouvel effort en vue de r6gler les diff6rends qui oontinuent B oppoeer leur8 pays en oe qui oonoerne le Caohemire ainsi que le8 autres question8 oonnexes, pour que l’Inde et le Pakistan puissent vivre obte B obte dans la paix et l’amfti6. En oons&quenoe, il8 ont d6oid4 d’engager de8 oonversations B une date rapi>roohhe en vue d’aboutir B un r8glemént honorable et Equitable, Cee oonversations auront tout d’abord lieu au niveau minist&iel. En tam$e Utile, de8 pourparlers directs auront lieu entre M. Nehru et le prbsident Ayub.” Cette dbolaration d’intention nous a pnru mnrquer un nrand I)roar8s et @est aveo 10 plus vif int6rOt que - nous ‘nv&o suivi 10s rl3unions minl8t~riellos qui ont eu lleu par la sulte, 103. 11 Y n eu on tout six series de oonversations mInist&ri-elles. Malheureusement, elles 88 @ont sold&es »ar la nublloation, le 16 mal 1963, d’un oommuniqû6 indI&ant qu’ nil n’avnit pas 6tB possible de pnrvenlr A un aooordw. A oe stade, mon gouvernement est revenu A l’idba, qui avait d0jA Qtb 0miee au Conseil do sEourit6 en 1902, que puisque les deux pays ~LU ooum d’une oonf&enoe de presse, tenue le 16 juin, que son gouvernement 6tait dispos8 A “explorer toutes le8 voies posstbles”, Mais par la suite, les Gouvernements de l’Inde et du Pakistnn ont indiqu6 I%n et l’autre que le moment ne leur paraiSSait pas bien choisi pour 6tudier plus avant la possIbilit0 de reoourir A la m6diation. 100. ’ La question en est rost8e 18 jusqu’A l’automne 1963, 6poque A laquelle les relations indo-pakietanaises ont $96 une fois de plus soumises A 1’attentiOn du Conseil de sdourit8 par le Gouvernement du Pakistan. La suite des Bvtlnements est bien connue de ohaoun d’entre nous. 106. En dehors de la question du Caohemtre, les d81Anations du Pakistan et de l’Inde ont 8voau8 dansles d6olarations qu’elles ont faites toi d’au&6 questions litigieuses, notamment celle des 8meutes survenues entre oomncunaUtc3s au Pakistan ortental et au Bengale oooidental, et le problbme des mouvements de population entre oea deux r&lons. Mon gouvernement a appris la nouvelle de oes conflits violents entre oon4&naut8s aveo les marnes senttment8 de profond regret sui ont 0t4 exrwim6s Par les deux dc31flgations enoauae, et il s%st felicit8 des mesures 8nergiques qui ont c3tB prises par les deux gouvernements pour y mettre fin et an emp&aher le retour, Ma d818gation n’est pas qualifi8e pour pr& senter des observations sur l’origine de oes oonfltts religieux, Qui plus est, nous n’avons pas de donn8es suffisantes pour porter un jugement de fond de la question des mouvements de population. 107. A notre avis, la façon la plus lmm&iiate et la plus H3aliste de fatre disparaftre les oauses de tension entre les deux pays est de rhunir les repr& sentant8 des gouvernements intires& autour d’une table de oonft3renoe. Que l’ouverture de n&gooiations puisse se heurter A des obstaolee quels qu’ils soient nous paraIt daplorable en un moment nfl des hommes et des femmes sont expos8s A la s&franoe et A la mort, 108. Ma d&l&Iation se CBltolte dono de la d6olaration par laquelle le reprbsentant de l’Inde a indiqu& au sujet de oes problAmoa, que son gatvernement kit dispos8 R faire tout son possible en cootiration aveo le Pakistan et qu’tl serait en faveur d’une r@union des ministres des deux pays en vue de l’examen des mesure6 A prendre. 106 There the matter rested until the autumn of 1963, when devolopments In lndo-Pakistan relations were onoe more brought to the atiention of the Seourity Counoll by the Government of Pakistan. The subsequent oourse of avents 1s familial* to a11 in this room. 106, Apart from the question of Kashmir, the delegations of Pakistan and India hnve touohed in thefr atatements to this Counoil on other subjeots of oontention between their hvo Govornments, notably, the oommunal rioting in East Pakistan and West Eengal, nnd the problem of population movements behveen these two areas. My Government shared the profound regret expressed by both delegations at the outbreaks of oommunal violenoe, and weloomed the Stern aotion taken by both Governments to put an end to them and to provent their reourrenoo. My delegation in not qua!ified to oomment on tho genesis of these oommunnl outbreaks, Equally we have not got suffioient fnots whioh would enablo a judgement to be made on the merlts of the oaso rolatmg to population movoments. 107. TO us, the most immediate nnd praotioal way of hnndling these souroes of tension between the two oountries is by representatlves of the Covornments ooncerned getting together nround the oonferenoe table. We deplore anything that is allowed to stand in the way of suoh negotiations, whilo men and women are exposed to lnjury and death. 108. My delogation therefore weloomes the statement made IJY the representative of Indin, In the oontext of these problems, that bis Government 1s prepared to take any and every step in oo-operationwith Pokistan and that Lt would weloome a meeting of Mfnisters from both oountries to disouss ways and means. 1 have explalned my Government’s position on the problem before us and the notion whioh it has taken in the pnst eighteen monthe to try tobringnbout a settlement of the Knshmir dispute. 109. 1 have strossod the fnot thnt, now that meetings are taking place in this Counoil, WG must nll mnke avery effort to fincl a oonstruotive solution. My delegntion waloomos the attompts belng mndo by oertain dolegatlons to worlc for SUC~ a solution nnd we hnve no doslre to oompliooto tholr efforts by laying down rigld Unes of aotion whioh in our view should be followocl. Ilowever, 1 shoultl Ilko tcj suggest thnt the Soourity Counoll should beur two fnctore in mlnd. 109. J’ai expose la position de mon rrouvernement sur le probl&ne dont engoue sommes sdsis et d6orlt les efforts qu’il a dtlploy6s au oours des 18 derniers mols en vue d’un rAglement du diffclrend relatif au Caohemlre. J’ai soulign8 que, puisque nous nous r8uniseons ici, nous devons faire tout oo qui est en notre pouvoir ur parvenir A une solution oonstruotivo, Nous nous r f lioitons des efforts d6ploy8s par oertainos d818gations pour mettre au point une telle solution ot noue nlavo;is auoun desir de leur oompllqtier In 111. The second is that the passage of resolutlons whloh are lgnored by one of the parties takes us no further forward and has not in the past led to the oonstruotive solution whlch a11 members of the CounoiI, SO 1 presume, deslre. 112. The Seourlty Counoll~s attention ahould therefore be dlreoted in the flrst instance to searohlng for. oommon around between lndla and Pakistan. The direotionsin whloh thls oommon ground mlght be found appear to my delegatlon to be the following. Flrst, both India nnd Pakistan should restore normal conditions and inter-oommunal s harmony in their lwo oountrles and forthwlth undertnke talks on thelr oommunal and related probIems wlth a vlew to preventlng further outl.reaks. If the two parties belleve that the exerolse of good offloes in thls oonnexlon would be helpful, my delegation suggests that the Seourlty Counoll should stand ready to dlsouss thls aspeot. In the seoond plaoe, Indla and Pakistan should be prepnred to resume negotlatlons on Kashmir and, as neoessary, other related matters. 113. In thls oonnexlon 1 must emphasize that my Covernment’s experienoe of the negotlatlons undertaken between the two oountries Tn the oourse of 1962 anc! 1963 has oonvlnoed it that some dearee of outside help wlll be neoessary if satisfactory results are to be aohleved. It is for thls reason that we bave favoured medlatlon, as both parties are aware from dlsousslons we hsve had wlth them from time to tlme. 114. We reallze that nelther Government aooepted this contention last August, largely on the grounds, as 1 sald, that the tlme was not propltlous, although our impression was that both agreed that mediatlon would be helpful at the rlght time. Wenow put forward for consideratlon the vlew that the extreme tension whioh oharaoterizes Indo-Pakistan relations at the oresent time, as rofleoted in the bloodshed of the htst few months, renders urgent the need for a bold approaoh. 116. This, however, is a matter whloh we oannot press if it is not aooeptable to both Indla and Pakistan, We shall therefore content ourselves wlth commendlng lt +o the urgent uttentlon of both delegntions. We suggest that they oonsider nll posslblllties in thls regard, lnoluding thnt of engaglng the nsslstanoe of the Secretnry-General of the Unlted Nations. In oonoluslon, 1 would say thnt muoh olearly hangs on the efforts now belng made by certain delegatlon behlnd the soenes. Thelr wllllngness to aooept thls roeponsiblllty, in splte of the Ëorry hlstory of the Seourlty Counoll~e pnst failure to resolve the Kashmlrdlspute, 1s ndmired by my delegatlon. We havenodesire whatever to lnterfere wlth thelr efforts, but we wlsh them to know that they have our full support. 117. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l’anglais): Je n’ai pas d’autre orateur inscrit sur ma liste pour la s6ance de oet aprbs-midi. 118. Compte tenu des oonversations offioieuoes qua j’ai eues aveo les membres du Conseil, je suggbre que nous reprenions l’examen de la question Inde- Pakistan le meroredi 12 favrier, A 10 h 30. S’il n’y a pas d’objeotion, je oonsid6rerai que le Conseil aooegte ma suggestion, 118. After having oonsulted informallywithmcmbers of the Counoil, 1 should like to suggest that the Counoil should resume oonsideratlon of the India-Pakistan question on Wednesday, la February, at 10,30 in the morning. If 1 hoar no objeotion, 1 will assume that the Counoil agrees with thie Auggestion. It was SO &0ldtxi, The meetinng rose at 5.45 p,m. Il en est ainsi d6oidtf. La etfanoe est levtfe d 1T h 45. LIBI‘IIA CAWAM7”lCANrL Y*4u(uam4. nlYlco HWQU‘I ‘oI1o”IAL ,““Y‘*, 0. 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