S/PV.1126 Security Council

In accordance with the decisions takenpreviously, Ishall invite the representatives of Cambodia and of the Republic of Viet-Nam to take places at the Council table. 1. prises sentants Nam 21 prendre At the invitation of the President, Mr. HuotSambath (Cambodia) andMr. Vu Van Mau (Republic of Viet-Nam) tookplaces at the Council table. Sur (Cambodge) Nam) prennent 2. nant continuer lution [S/5735y]. sentant

The Security Council Will now continue its debate on the draft resolution submitted by the Ivory Coast and Morocco [S/5735].u The first speaker on the list is the representative of Morocco.

Yesterday, when on behalf of the delegations of the Iyory Coast and Morocco 1 had the honour to submit to the Council our draft resolution, we heard comments by the representatives of Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. While the analysis then made of this dooument did not elicit from us yesterday any observations or replies concerning the way in which the draft resolution was commented on in the Council, thisis because certain of the remarks made by the two representatives are in line with some of the feelings of the cosponsors themselves. We even found, during subsequent conversations, that some of the remarks made about the draft resolution reflected certain of our own misgivings and in any case the construction which we place on certain paragraphs. 3. rieur, la délégation notre observations Tchécoslovaquie qui a été faite notre ponses commenté taines sentants auteurs conversations observations correspondent et en tout cas certains I/ année, u See Officia1 Records of the Securiry Council. Nineteenth Year. Swplement for April, May and June 1964. 5. It was from this standpoint that we tried, during our informa1 talks lasting more than a week, to find the formula which would best enable the Council reach a positive solution at the end of this debate. 6. Paragraph 5 contains a passage which has raised certain doubts in the minds of deIegations that have made comments. 1 would take this opportunity to inform the Council of the exact meaning attached by the cosponsors to this criticized passage. 7. In requesting the commission to be appointed by the Council to go to the places where the most recent incidents occurred and to visit the two countries question, we did not intend that the mission of those members of the Council should be confined to mere corroboration of the facts, which have been explained here in a concordant manner by a11 the parties concerned. But we felt that the broadest possible investigation, drawing upon information provided by the responsible authorities in the two countries, would enable the delegation sent by the Council to collect data which perhaps have not been set forth here, and which in a subsequent report might be useful for the Council’s information or at a11 events help to guideit in any decision it might take. 8. There is no possibility that the expression Yo the two countries” means that we place them on an equal footing SO far as tbe analysis and apportionment responsibility are concerned. This point was clearly enough explained in the basic statements by the Ivory Coast and Morocco, and it was naturally logical that a parsgraph of this kind should net be interpreted running counter to what we had said on the matter, 9. Having made this plain, and noting the importance of the comments and observations made at the last meeting of the Council by the representatives of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, we understand objections of principle by which such comments were prompted. Some of them we share, but, having ourselves endeavoured to set aside our own attitudes order to find a solution meeting with gsneral agreement, we make an appeal to the representatives Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. We ask them to display once more, on this occasion, a spirit of cooperation in a problem where their sympathies support go to the country which lodged the complaint, and above a11 to remain true to a tradition of cooperation with the African-Asian metibers of the Council; we ask tbem, in connexion with this draft resolution to do nothing which migbt destroy that permanent co-operation and to ensure, in this partieular case and about which opinions have been unambiguously expressed, the solidarity which unites us in 11. Another observation has been made regarding paragraph 5. No reference to the financial implications of such a mission has been made. As drafters of the text, we wished to avoid saying anything, on this point likewise, that might have produced surprise. In fact, certain delegations have validly and not only in connexion with this case, expressed the reservations of their Governments, whose traditional attitudes to this problem are familiar to us. 1 repeat, we have let it be assumed that the Secretary-General Will naturally be called upon to furnish the mission with a11 the necessary facilities to enable it to proceed in normal and satisfactory conditions to the places where it is to discharge its task, provided of course that the expenditure involved entails no new financialcommitments. It might even be possible, with a view to meeting the objections of representatives on this point, for such expenditure to be provided for under the spirit and the letter of General Assembly resolution 1985 (XVIII) concerning unforeseen and extraordinary expenses for the financial year 1964. 12. 1 hope that these additional explanations, given on behalf of both sponsors of the draft resolution, will satisfy the delegations whichyesterday made a number of valid points, 13. We appeal once more to their spirit of co-operatien. Our prime concern has been, 1 repeat, net to assist anyone, whether present at or absentfromthese discussions, but to show that the internationalorganization has not failed to take positive actionin response to a moving appeal from Cambodia in a case in which everyone agrees that it is the victim.

For two weeks the Security Council has been examining the question of acts of aggression by the United States of America and the puppet Saigon regime against Cambodia. In the course of this examination, the violation of Cambodia’s territorial integrity and the murder of its defenceless civilian population by the armed forces of the aggressors were established as indisputable facts. 15. These acts of aggression were in substance acknowledged by those who bear the direct responsibility for them, although on each occasion an attempt was made to represent them as unpremeditated incidents. 16. The members of the Security Councilhave in their statements already given their assessment of the acts of undisguised armed aggression against a small independent State Member of the United Nations. It is 17. The basis of this general position to be taken by the Security Council on the tragic events which have occurred in Cambodian territory as a result of repeated incursions by units of the United States-South Viet- Namese armed forces into Cambodia is the draft resolution submitted by the delegations of the Ivory Coast and Morocco. Leaving aside for the moment the extremely tactiul wording in some paragraphs of the draft resolution-a matter to which we referred in our statement at the last meeting of the Council-it should be noted that the basic part of the draft resolution correctly and unequivocally expresses the Security Councilf s opposition to the United States- South Viet-Namese aggression against Cambodia. 18. As the Soviet delegation observed in its statement yesterday, the sometimes overly tactful wordingin the draft resolution obviously results from the desire of the accused parties, who are guilty of aggressive acts, to prevent an objective and thorough evaluation of the crime they have committed. 19. We take note of the explanation given yesterday by the President concerning the correct readingof the fourth preamhular paragraph of the draft. As we already noted in our statement yesterday, the drafting of that paragraph could not fail to g;ive rise to confusion, Whether or not the translators are toblame is not for us to judge; as is well known, the difficulties attending the high art of translation are considerable. We may confidently state, however, that the translators undoubtedly deserve sympathy, for we were convinced that even expert linguists would have found it difficult to understand the meaning of the paragraph. We accordingly welcomed the clarification given on this point by the President of the Security Council. 20. In our previous statement we felt that we should dr&w attention to the weakpoints of the draft resolution. As, however, every cloud has its silver lining, we shall now dwell on its positive aspects-its substance and content. 21. From our point of view, the draft resolution as a whole indicates that the United States, the main perpetrator of the aggressive actions, finds itself isolated in the Security Council. The United States has, of course, in its attempts in the Council to justifythe aggressive acts against Cambodia, resorted to the most diverse pretexts, and in doing SO has displayed a highly remarkable faculty of imagination. Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority of members of the Security Council have, as we also know, in one way or another condemned the aggressive acts against Cambodia. 22. This is one of the results of the discussion, reflected in the draft resolution, andfrom it the representatives of the United States of America should draw the appropriate conclusions. It is also takenfor granted that in accordance with the spirit and letter of the United Nations Charter aggressors must bear the material responsibility for the crime they bave committed. It is scarcely worth my while to remind the 23. Thus, Cambodia’s just demands that the Security Council should deplore the repeated acts of aggression by United States-Viet-Namese units against its territory and civilian population and that the Council should propose that the aggressors pay just compensation for the damage inflicted on the victims of aggression have found expression in the draft resolution. 24. The Government and the delegation of Cambodia in the Security Council, seeking to protect the security and territorial integrity of their country from any future encroachments by the aggressors, were perfectly justified in also asking the Security Council to request those responsible for the acts of aggression against Cambodia to take measures to preventfurther violations of its frontier. 25. This demand of a small State Member of the United Nations is also reflected in the Security Council’s draft resolution, as is Cambodia’s demand that its neutrality and territorial integrity should be recognized and respected. 26. As the Soviet delegation has already said, the relevant paragraphs of the draft resolution could, of course, be expressed more clearly and precisely. Nevertheless, the draft in its present form is an expression of merited censure, which the Security Council should address to the aggressors. It clearly embodies the principles of the aggressor’s material responsibility and the need to prevent Cambodials territorial integrity from being violated in any way in the future. 27. The Soviet delegation notes the explanations given in this connexion yesterday in the Security Council by Mr. Benhima, the representative of one of the countries co-sponsoring the draft resolution. We also note the corresponding explanations givenby the representative of Morocco at the present meeting of the Security Council. We have no intention, of course, of reproaching the co-sponsors of this draft. In our opinion, they have made worthy efforts to prepare an acceptable draft resolution. We are inclined to attribute weaknesses and imperfections of the draft resolution,, which many here, including the sponsors themselves, have pointed out, mainly to the obstructionism of certain countries and to a situation in the Security Council which for some time has been used by these countries not in the interests of the matter in hand but for their own selfinterested aims. We hope that this sort of practice Will not continue much longer. 28. As the Soviet delegation has already pointed out, operative paragraph 5 of the draft resolution is clearly unwarranted for the reasons that have been given. It does not in the least conform with the remaining text of the draft. 29. It is obvious that it has been artificially attached to this item of the Council’s agenda. We are considering the question of the aggressive actions of the United States and the Saigon regime against Cambodia. The responsibility of the perpetrators of this aggression is universally recognized and is reflected in the draft 30, A circumstance of paramount importance is that, in the region under discussion, there already exists an authoritative international body, namely, the International Commission for Supervision and Control established in accordance with the decision of the 1954 Geneva C0nference.a The party most directly concerned, Cambodia-as is clear from the repeated statements of Prince Norodom Sihanouk, the Head of State, and from the statements made in the Security Council by the Minister.for Foreign Affairs of Cambodia, Mr. Huot Sambath-considers, as it has in the past, that the immediate conveningof an internationaI conference within the framework of the Geneva Agreements, and relfance on the machinery set up by these agreements, would be in keeping with its interests and the safeguarding of Cambodia’s neutrality and territorial integrity. 31. This stand by Cambodia, which bas been confirmed in every way at these meetings of the Security Council, is fully shared by the Soviet Union. Permit me to refer to the table sent on 26 May 1964 by Mr. Khrushchev, the Chairman of the Council of Mini&ers of the USSR, to Prince Norodom Sihanouk, the Head of State of Cambodia. This table reads as follows: “The Government of the USSR and the entire Soviet nation are deeply shocked at the criminal acts by which Cambodia’s neutrality has been violated and express their support for the measures being taken by the Government and people of Cambodiafor safeguarding the integrity and sovereignty of your State. “Sharing your concern about the security of Cambodia and the future of peace in South-East Asia, the Soviet Government, in accordance with your request, has again proposed to the Governments of the United States of America and the United Kingdom that joint practical steps should be taken to prepare for an international conference having the task of devising measures to guarantee Cambodia’s neutraIity, and in particular that they should agree on a date for oonvening such conference and arrange for the corresponding message to be sent to the Parties concernëd by the Go-Chairman on this question.” 32. It is obvious that when in a given region recognized international machinery-in this case the machinery of the Geneva Agreements already exists for the settlement of various questions, and that when the putting into operation of this machinery corresy Geneva Conference on the Problsm of restoring Peacein Indo-China, held from 16 June to 21 July 1954. 34. At the same time, the Soviet delegation Will vote for the draft resolution as a whole. In this matter we take into consideration first of a11 the position of the Cambodian Government, the interests of Cambodia as the victim of aggression and its justifiable desire that the Security Council should in its resolution condemn the actions of the aggressors and request them to pay just and fair compensation to the Government of Cambodia and to take a11 measures to prevent any further violation by them of the Cambodian frontier.

Mr. President, my delegation wishes to congratulate you and the representative of Morocco on your successful initiative in the preparation of the draft resolution now before the Council. We are well aware, with gratitude, of the great efforts which you have made in bringing about this result. 36. The draft resolution is, on the whole, a forwardlooking document, The preamble is well balanced and it generally reflects the various points of view expressed in the debate. Operative paragraph 5 is a positive and a constructive contribution to the solution of the problem. It opens a way by which the United Nations may render effective help in the stabilization of the frontier between Viet-Nam and Cambodia. If the draft resolution is adopted, it is hoped that the three members of the Council chosen for the mission Will make a thorough on-the-spot study of the situation and corne back with fruitful and practical recommendations. While they are in the field, as the representative of Morocco has said, they may gather information on the subject, of as wide a soope as possible. They may also give consideration, in the light of the situation obtaining there, to the proposals put forward by the representative of the Republic of Viet-Nam during the debate for the establishment of a United Nations police force along the frontier between Viet-Nam and Cambodia. 37. On the other operative paragraphs, my delegation wishes to offer a few brief comme&. 38. Operative paragraph 1 appears to be linked with the third preambular paragraph. Since, in the fourth preambular paragraph, the Council has taken note of the apologies and the regrets already expressed, it is recognized that these incidents have been caused accidentally. Therefore, the word “Deplores” inparagraph 1 seems to my delegation to be over-emphatic. An expression of regret in this regard would be more appropriate. At least, it should reflect the clear faot that the incidents were caused by the accidentalpenetration of the army units of Viet-Nam. 40. Operative paragraph 2 calls for just and equitable compensation to be offered to the Government of Cambodia. In this connexion, it may be recalled that such an offes has already been made in principle. It has been confirmed by the representative of the Republic of Viet-Nam in his statements before the Council during the debate. What is required in this resolution seems to be to have the Council take note of the offer and to cal1 upon the twoparties concernedto settle the question of compensation, in just and equitable terms, on the basis of the offer. 41. Operative paragraph 3 speaks of avoiding “any further violation of the Cambodian frontier”. Here the term “the Cambodian frontier” is unqualified. But what is now under discussion in this Council is not related to the Cambodian frontier in general, but rather to the partioular frontier between Cambodia and Viet-Nam. This point could be made clearer, for 1 amsure it Is the wish of the Council that a11 appropriate measures should be taken to prevent any further violation of that frontier. 42, Paragraph 4 calls for recognition of, and respect for, Cambodia’s neutrality and territorial integrity. We a11 know that respect for territorial integrity is a principle of the United Nations, enshrined in Article 2 of the United Nations Charter, But neutrality is a concept extraneous to the Charter; it is a policy pursued by an individual Gcvernment. When the Council calls for the recognition of Cambodia’s neutrality in this paragraph, the word “recognizet’ cannot have any special or legal meaning. It merely registers or takes cognizance of a fact. 43. These are the ccmments which my delegation wishes to offer and the considerations which Will guide it in voting on the draft resolution. In any case, the vote of my delegation Will be subject to the interpretations which 1 have just made on the various paragraphs of the draft resolution.

The Secretary-General has requested the floor for a brief statement. 1 cal1 upon him.

In the light of the statement made earlier this afternoon by the representative of Morocco. I shall of course give ail assistance that may be required of the Secretariat in the context of operativeparagraph 5 of the draft resolution. 46. On the assumption that the three members of the Security Council would be accompanied by five staff members of the United Nations Secretariat and that the group would spend some four weeks in the two countries, it is estimated that the total costs of travel, subsistence and miscellaneous items would amount to some $29,000.

The Council Will now vote on the draft resolution submitted by the Ivory Coast and Morocco [S/5735]. A separate vote has been requested on paragraph 5 of the draft resolution. No objection has been raised by the sponsors of the text. Consequently, in accordance with rule 32 of the provisional rules of procedure, 1 shall first put to the vote paragraph 5 of the draft resolution. A vote was taken by show of hands. In favour: Bolivia, Brazil, China, France, Ivory Coast, Morocco, Norway, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. Against: None. Abs taining: Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The paragraph was adopted by 9 votes to none, with 2 abstentions,

Inow put to the vote the draft resolution as a whole. A vote was taken by show of hands. The draft resolution was adopted unanimously. 50, The PRESIDENT (translated from French): The representative of the United States has asked for the floor, and 1 cal1 upon him.

I wanted to add a few words to anexplanation of the vote of my delegation on the resolution we have just adopted. 52. For two weeks the Security Cour& has been occupied with a complaint brought to it with urgency by a Member State. In the view of my delegation, as 1 said here on 26 May, our task in the Council has been twofold: n , . . First, that of weighing the evidence and reaching a careful and balanced evaluation OP the full sources and origins of the incidents between Cambodia and the Republic of Viet-Nam: second, deciding on practical steps by which the United Nations cari use its peace-keeping experience to meet the needs of a situation which has been oharacterized by the Government of Cambodia as ‘an extremely grave threat to the peace and stability of South-East Asia’. n [1122nd meeting, para, 22.1 53. With regard to the first task, no new evidence has been introduced to support the grave charges made against my Government which, of course, has not deterred the representative of the Soviet Unionfrom repeating them day after day-a Soviet technique which is as ineffective as it is familiar to a11 of us who have sat in this Council during the past eighteen yeass. 54. 1 turn now to the second task which has assumed increasing importance since the debate began. 1 must say that the action the Security Council has taken today hardly corresponds, in our judgement, to the gravity of the situation as set forth by the representatives Cambodia here in the Council. In our view, the Council might well have taken more far-reaching steps response to a complaint of this nature, steps in which the United Nations has gained great experience in recent years. But be that as it may, the Council now has before it the opportunity to set in motion a procedure by which it cari consider further measures to prevent any recurrence of incidents on the Cambodian-Viet- Namese border, whatever and whoever may be the Cause. 55. This is a beginning. 1 am speaking, of course, operative paragraph 5 which, in our view, is the most significant and important part of this resolution. Under this paragraph three members of the Security Council Will visit both Viet-NamandCambodia, includingthose areas along the border whioh have been the scene of recent incidents, in order to examine and to study those measures which hopefully cari avoid a recurrence incidents in the future. 1 am confident that in undertaking this assignment and in drawing up their report, the three members of the Council will choose scrutinize with thè greatest tare various needs which have become apparent during the Council’s discussion of the Cambodian complaint. 1 have in mind in this connexion the need for Viet-Namese armed forces to redouble their efforts to avoid inadvertent crossing the frontier, even in the heat of battle, the need for clearly marking those areas of the frontier which are poorly defined or are undefined by nature; and finally, tbe need for steps to ensure that Viet-Cong rebels, their efforts to subvert the Government of the Republic of Viet-Nam, are not able to take advantage of an illmarked and inadequately protected border to seek either safe haven or supplies on Cambodianterritory. 56. 1 note with pleasure also operative paragraph in which a11 are requested by the Council “to recognize and respect Cambodia’s neutrality and territorial 57. In this connexion, let me recall to the attention of the members of this Council a message in a letter dated 31 August 1962, sent by President Kennedy to Prince Sihanouk, 1 quote from that letter: “The fundamental and abiding objective of the United States is that each country, large and small, live in peace and independence SO that its people may Prosper, enjoy the fruits of its own endeavours, and pursue a &Ourse of international relations of its own choosing. This applies especially to countries with which we have such close friendly relations as we have with Cambodia. In this spirit and inview of the present preoccupation of Your Royal Highness, 1 assure you that the United States respects the neutrality, the territorial integrity and the independence of Cambodia.” That position remains unchanged. 58. 1 repeat that we felt andstillfeel that the Security Council could have dealt more comprehensively and more effectively with the problem before us. It is perhaps understandable that some members of the Security Council have been hesitant to launch the United Nations on a new venture in an area of the world where the United Nations has SO far undertaken direct activities only on a very limited scale, although even here we must recall the Security Council Sub- Committee that went to Laos in 1959, the representatives of the Secretary-General now serving in Laos and in Cambodia, the Nils G. Gussingmission, and the United Nations Pact-Finding Mission which visited Viet-Nam last fall. Though recognizingthat a hesitancy still nevertheless exists, 1 feel compelled to reiterate our conviction that, since the principal purpose of the United Nations is to keep the peace, it should not exclude itself from any area where disputes or situations likely to endanger international peace and security may exist. 59. In regard to the situation on the Cambodian-Vietnamese frontier, we have felt and we still feel that some form of patrol or surveillance under United Nations auspices would be valuable. We have beenencouraged, moreover, to note that the Republio of Viet- Nam, one of the principal parties to the present dispute, would welcome a similar development. We hope and trust that in their report on measures capableof preventing a recurrence of trouble along this frontierthe three members of the Council Will keep in mind not only those views and any other possible means by which the United Nations could be of assistance, but also the broader purpose of the United Nations and its fundamental and indispensable peace-keeping responsibilities. 60. In conclusion, Mr. President, let me express my delegation’s respect and admiration for the patience, the insight and forbearance with which you, as repre-

The resolution on which we have just voted, and which my delegatien has supported, has been workedout through a long process of discussion and negotiation, and 1 should like to pay tribute to the sponsors:you, Sir, and the representative of Morocco, as well as to those who have played a leading part in the process which has enabled the Council to take unanimous action on the matter which we bave been discussing. 62. 1 have only one commentto make on the resolution itself in elahoration of the vote which 1 have just ca&. This relates to operative paragraph 4. 63. Her Majesty’s Government undertook, by article 12 of the Final Declaration adopted by the Geneva Conference on 21 July 1954, to respeotthe sovereignty, the independence, the unity and the territorial integrity of Cambodia. Her Majesty’s Government has always honoured this obligation and it intends to continue to honour it. 64. 1 have a further point to make. We have heard repeated allegations, during ouf meetings, by the delegation of the Soviet Union of aggression by the United States against Cambodia. These allegations are, in the view of my delegation, unfounded and without any justification whatsoever. 1 should like to make it clear that my clelegation fully accepts the statements made by the representatives of the United States in this regard and considers that these statements are a complete answer to the charges which have been made,

The next speaker on my list is the representative of the Republic of Viet-Nam, to whom 1 give the floor.

The delegation of the Republic of Viet-Nam must express its gratitude to the many members of the Security Council who in this matter bave shown, during the debate, their greatunderstanding Of the incidents before the Council and their profound sympathy with the cause upheld by the Republio of Viet-Nam-namely, the cause of peace and freedom. 67. We would particularly thank you, Mr. President, and the Moroccan representative, Mr. Benhima, who, owing to stubborn resistance fcom certain delegations, have had to exercise tremendous patience and effort in order to submit to the Council a constructive draft resolution in kesping with the mission of peace entrusted t0 this supreme body, the United Nations. The obstacles encountered by the sponsors of this resolutien have materially limited the scope of their efforts. 68. We have just referred to the abusive aTthough isolated censure which has been levelled at the Republit of Viet-Nam by certain delegations during the debate. 1 should not forgive myself for passingit over 70. By any objective standards it is obviously a question, by no means of acts of aggression on the part of the Republic of Viet-Nam against Cambodia, but simply of incidents which have occurred in the frontier zone because the communists have infiltratedinbothdirec- ,tions aoross the Cambodian-Viet-Nameseborder, exploiting a situation on anill-delimited, ill-demarcated and ill-defended frontier. 71. Of themselves, those incidents would not have merited the Council’s attention. The White Paper which we have asked to be published as an officia1 document of the debate [5/5724]3/ oontains a11 the details, which are edifying enough in themselves and to which we shall not revert. It also shows, strikingly and indisputably, the good faith of the Republic of Viet-Nam and the eagerness with which it offered to settle the incidents by mutual agreement between the parties. 72. This being SO, the complaint by the Government of Cambodia loses both its point and its justification, as 1 have already had occasion to stress to the Council. But once the matter was brought before the Security Council the attention of the whole world was directed towards this august assembly, not in the expectation of a solution dealing solely with the recent incidentssince suoh a solution could be only that proposed by the Republic of Viet-Nam on its own initiative, namely f air and just compensation to be paid to the viotims-but rather in the hope of a constructive, forward-looking solution designed to prevent the recurrence of such incidents, in the common interest of the two countries and in the interests of world peace. blée non pas dans l’attente uniquement tion ne saurait Republique solution d’empêcher commun mondiale, 73. et d’analyses ces incidents La tâche s’avère plus monde. obstaoles ouli&rement plans sont r6gion. 73. It is for the Security Council toprobe and analyse the underlyingand immediate causes of those incidents, SO as to apply effective remedies for them. The task is an urgent one, since every day peace is threatened more dangerously in that part of the world. It is also a difficult one, owing to the obstacles of every kind which have been raised, particularly by those who are hatching covert plans of expansion or subversion and who are the real trouble-makers in that area. 74. qu’avant-hier, produit ont étB tués, en territoire cambodgiens Hoang. que ses fronti&res respect& frontières, cation de la Conférence 74. According to the latest news, datingfromonlythe day before yesterday, a further frontier incident has occurred, in which two Viet-Namese police officers were kîlled on Viet-Namese territory by CBmbodian soldiers in the vicinity of the post of Dinh-Tien-Hoang. The Republic of Viet-Nam, too, asks that itsfrontiers and national territory be respecte& and protests against any violation of its frontiers, from whatever quarter. Rejecting the conveningof the Geneva Conference as a solution inappropriate for these frontier 3/ See Officia1 Records of che Security Council, Nineteenth Year, Supplement for April, May and June 1964. année, 75. Apart from a commission of experts to delimit the frontiers, we have proposed the establishment of an international police force-both bodies to be under the auspices of the United Nations, SO that they may have the advantage of its prestige and impartiality. 76. We keenly regret that the Government of Cambodia, after bringing its complaint before the United Nations, has refused to accept the immediate establishment of these bodies, which, placed under United Nations auspices, would unquestionably bave constituted the most suitable means of preventing the recurrente of frontier incidents. 77. Admittedly the Council, in the same line of thought , has, in the resolution just adopted by it, decided “to send three of its members to the two countries and to the places where the most recent incidents have occurred in order to consider such measures as may prevent any recurrence of such incidents”. 78. This, obviously, is a measure muchmore limited in its objective and scope than those which have been advocated by the delegation of the Republic of Viet-Nam in the Security Counoil. It is only a temporary solution, and we venture to hope that it Will result in a final solution which in the circumstances cari only take the form of the establishment of an international police force, affording, under United Nations auspices, the surest guarantee for the maintenance of peace in an area increasingly threatened by the aggressive forces of a form of imperialism which dares not speak its name. 79. While adhering to the views and proposals which 1 had the honour toset forthinmy previous statements to the Council, my delegation reaffirms the complete support of the Government of the Republic of Viet-Nam for the principles of the UnitedNations Charter, It also takes this opportunity to point out that, if the Republic of Viet-Nam is not yet a member of the United Nations, this is due solely to abusive useofthe right of veto by the Soviet Union, to which it is compelled to repeat the challenge formally issued by it on this subject in the Council last week. 80. Pinally, the Republic of Viet-Nam is happy to promise its full co-operation with the mission which is to be sent by the Security Council and to which it wishes the most signal success in the accomplishment of its noble task. 81. M-r. HAJEK (Czechoslovakia) (translated from Trench): Throughout the debate on the question on the Councilts agenda, the delegation of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic has maintained and defended the view that the Council should act in a clear and forthright manner by condemning the acts of Wnited States and South Viet-Namese aggression and by ensuringthe sovereignty, territorial integrity and international status of Cambodia. 83. There is only one point in this resolution on which we had to indicate our disagreement-namely operative paragraph 5, which provides for the dispatch of a group of three members of the Council to the two oountries and to the places where the most recent incidents have occurred in order to consider suoh measures as may prevent any recurrence of such incidents. Far from supplying a fair and viable solution, this measure is likely to compromise the United Nations and toprejudite the only realistic and just solution-that to be arrived at within the framework of the Geneva Conference the reconvening of which has been requested by Cambodia and whose machinery, based on the Geneva Agreements of 1954, is capable of ensuring success. We deplore the fact that obstinate opposition by certain members of the Council-opposition which was again expressed a short while ago-has prevented the Council from supporting Cambodia’s just request in this respect. 84. Thus the text of paragraph 5 constitutes a compromise which reflects the sinoere efforts of its sponsors to lessen the danger, efforts which deserve our appreciation and to which our delegation felt bound to pay tribute. But this text, likewise as a compromise, contains weaknesses; even the explanations which the Moroccan representative has just given have by no means dispelled our serious doubts as to the usefulness of such a measure, and indeed our misgivings about the dangers and negative results inherent in it. For that reason our delegation was unable to vote in favour of paragraph 5. But, respecting the position of Cambodia, we decided to abstain from voting on that paragraph. 85. As for the resolution as a whole, we voted for it, despite its serious shortcomings, in the hope that it would contribute, albeit modestly, towards safeguarding the interests of Cambodia and enablingthe Government and people of that country to pursue with a11 the forces of progress and peace in South-East Asia, their efforts to bring about the complete liberation of the peoples of that region and to establish there a stable, lasting and just peace. In their efforts, the people and the Government of Cambodia Will always have the sympathy and support of the Czechoslovak Government. 86, Mr. HUOT SAMBATH (Cambcdia) (translated from French): Mr. President, 1 in turn wish to convey to you and to the members of the Security Council a11 the gratitude of the Royal Government of Cambodia for the Council’s favourable and positive response to Cambodia’s complaint about the acts of aggression perpetrated against it by the armed forces of the Republic of Viet-Nam and of the United States. 87. The substance of the facts has been established and has been the subject of no dispute, Cambodia is, indeed, the victim. By responding sympathetically and 88. I would also take this opportunity to convey the hearty thanks of my Government to the co-sponsors of this resolution-the representatives of Morocco and the Ivory Coast-and to a11 the representatives who have unreservedly given us their support, including particularly-and 1 emphasize this with pleasure-the representatives of France, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. 89. We should have wished the Security Council to realize more fuily the prospects for peace and stability which an international conference to recogniee and guarantee Cambodia’s neutrality and territorial integrity would afford for South-East Asia. An agreement on this matter between a11 concerned-that Is, the countries participating in the 1954 or 1962 Geneva Conferences-would be the best guarantee of a security which is constantly threatened in that region of the world. 90. We are still convinced that only an early convening of the Geneva Conference would make possible a final and Iasting solution of the substantive problem to which repeated aggressionby theforces of the Republic of Viet-Nam and the United States against Cambodia gives rise. The Conference Will enable the International Control Commission to ensure general control of the frontier between Cambodia and South Viet-Nam by extending the powers which it already has at present. A Child of the Geneva Conference of 1954, the International Control Commission could have its terms of reference defined more clearly in that respect onlyby a further meeting of the Conference. Certain details of its terms of reference were specifically mentioned in my letter of 1 June 1964 addressed to the President of the Security Council [S/5728].4/ 9 1. The present situation results from the non-implementation of the Geneva Agreements; and it is time to return to the spirit and the letter of those Agreements, before the situation SO deteriorates as to become beyond repair. For that reason we continue to believe that an early meeting of the Geneva Conference is more than ever essential. 92. However, Cambodia, which has nothing to hide from anyone, cannot take exception to the Security Council’s decision to send three of its members to Cambodia. On behalf of the Royal Government, 1 here and now bid the distinguished members of the Security Council welcome. My Government Will make a11 the necessary arrangements to enable the appointed members of the Council to discharge their mission. 93. As His Royal Highness Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Head of State of Cambodia, recently declared, thereis clearly no question whatever, SO far as we are concerned, of replacingthe International Control Commission by any other body. 95. Furthermore, using the same threadbare tactics, he has sought to indict the Soviet delegation simply because it has persisted in its irreconcilable stand ooncerning the aggres sive acts committed by the United States armed forces against a Member of the United Nations. 95. typ8es, tique, et implacablement les forces de l’Organisation 96. May 1 point out that this stand of the Soviet delegation is simply evidence of its consistent and principled struggle against those who do not respect the United Nations Charter, who violate its principles, spirit and letter, and who flout the sovereignty of other States, particularly those which oannot immediately repel aggression and bring to their senses those who violate the sanctity of the frontiers of other States. 96. simplement une Charte l’esprit raineté sont pas en mesure agression atteinte 97. The representative of the United Kingdom has, to be sure, also been heard from, supporting, as it were, the efforts of the United States to dissociate itself from the aggressionthat was committed. Perhaps for this service Sir Patrick Dean willreceiveexpressions of gratitude from those who have found themselves in the role of the aggressor. It is as if our United Kingdom colleague has, as the expression goes) spoken meaningfully-with an eye to the future. It is unlikely, however, that the United Kingdom representative’s gesture Will be received with gratitude by the victim of the aggression or by those who defend its violated rights and sovereignty. 97. l’air pour Eluder toute responsabilit8 Il se peut que, pour avoir rendu ce service, Dean assumé coll&ue sance de cause et en pensant B l’avenir. fort soit l’agression fendre porté atteinte. 98. Such persistence as shown by the representatives of the United States, as they obstinately seek to deny the indisputable facts of their guilt, cannot but put us on our guard. It is well known that the United States has been not at a11 enthusiastic about the complaint by the Cambodian Government and its appeal to the Security Council. The aggressor had to be dragged into the Security Council like a wild, untamed bu11 from a dark stall. 9 8. L’obstination qui s’entêtent la culpabilité à rester Etats-Unis du Gouvernement lancé au Conseil seur sauvage du toril. 99. Now , when the Council has already adopted aresolution in which the United States-South Viet-Namese aggression against Cambodia has been unequivocally condemned, the United States representative, contrary to a11 reason, again attempts to exonerate his country of serious blame. The reason for this is clearly not that the United States, as a great Power, cannot overcorne the psychological barrier, SO to speak, of acknowledging its guilt in violating the sovereignty of a small country, in this instance Cambodia. There is obviously some other reason. 99. et condamne mis le Cambodge, tout gouvernement. Etats-Unis, de surmonter, logique et de reconnaître rainet Evidemment 100. The impression is growing that the UnitedStates is not simply overlooking or denying the existingfacts but is, as it were, reserving toitself certain positions which would enable it to continue its arbitrary actions and aggression in the future. 100. contentent faits position, l’avenir et des agressions. 101. rester d’autant 101. Al1 this cannot fail to put the Security Council on its guard, especially in view of the far-reaching, lmrestrained militarist appeals which we unceasingly

would draw the Councilts attention to the decision has just taken, and more particularly to paragraph of the resolution, under which it is decided that three of its members shall be sent to the two countries. 104. I would suggest that the Councilshould authorize its President, after consultation with eachof its members, to appoint the three members provided for in paragraph 5 of the resolution adopted. It was SO decided.

The Councii Will recall the letter from fifty-nine States Members of the United Nations which have requested the Security Council to meet to consider the situation South Africa in the light of the Secretary-Generalls report and the reports of the United Nations Special Committee on the Policies of apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South Africa. 106. Perhaps the Council Will authorize its President after consultation with each of its members to fix the date of the next meeting; in that case, the date Will be given tomorrow in the United Nations Journal. It was SO decided. The meeting rose at 6.25 p.m. Litho in U.N. Price: $lJ.S. 0.35 (or equivalent