S/PV.1132 Security Council

In accordance with the decision taken earlier on this matter by the Council, I propose to invite the representatives of Madagascar, Indonesia, India, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Pakistan and Tunisia to take seats at the Council table. At tbe invitation of the President, Mr. L. Rakotomalala (Madagascar), Mr. L. N. Palar (Indonesia), Mr. Narendra Singh (India), Mr. G. 0. Coleridge- Taylor (Sierra Leone), Mr. J. R. Grimes (Liberia), Mr. V, A. Hamdani (Pakistan) and Mr. Taieb Slim (Tunisia) tookplaces at the Council table.

I propose to speak as representative of the IVORY COAST. 3. We have a duty and an obligation to draw your attention to the threat to internationalpeace and security created by the South Afrioan Government% continued pursuit of its ignoble policy of apartheid, 4. The evidence of this threat can be seen by any objective observer, The blacks of South Africa, kept by the Government of the white minority in a degrading situation, designed to destroy them physically and morally, formerly waged their struggle through liberation movements based on non-violence, 5. Their aimwas and still isto obtain a decent life and to create a free and demooratic country where blacks and whitee cari live together as brothers workingfor the prosperity of their common nation. Nelson Mandela expresses this when he says that he has fought against white supremacy and against black supremacy andthat he has cultivated the ideal of a free and democratic society, whese human beings would have equal opportunities and live together in harmony. Mr. Albert Luthuli oonfirmed it in his statement on behalf of those convicted at Rivonia, in which he said that they had adhered oonstantly to a policy of active and non-violent 6. But at the ‘very time when, with the liberation of their African brothers, the blacks of ‘South Africa are becoming more and more impatient, the Government of the white minority, this de facto authority, with stupefying effrontery, enacts a whole series of iniquitous and immoral lawswhichoffenduniversal morality and are unthinkable in a civilized world, thus depriving the blacks of any hope of improving their way of life by peaceful means. 7. However, no one cari be expected to do the impossible, and our South African brothers, through the fault of these barbarians, have become convinced that there is no means of ensuring the triumphof the noble ideal of fraternity, liberty and democracy other than the use of force. They have been driven to this and they are preparing fox it. 8. There are many warning signs, When the sentence ccndemning Nelson Mandela and his companions to life imprisonment was announced, a sentence only equalled by the folly of those who enaotedthese laws, crowds of women defied the police andparaded throughthecentre of the town shouting, “We Will never live under your domination!t’ Those brave sons of Africa have the full support of the African nations, a11 of which endorsed the words spoken by President Houphouet- Bo@y at Addis Ababa: “The roll of cur martyred brothers is a blow to our ownfreedom,a threat to our own independence, and even a denial of that independence, and apartheid in South Africa is the great shame of cur continent.” 9, The white Government of SouthAfrica,for its part, a prisoner of the doctrine it inherited from Hitler% nazism, is convinced of the superiority of its race and is determined tc ensure, it says, the survival of the white nation by destroying the other races, as its ideological precursor Hitler tried to do in his time with other European peoples. In order to do this, Verwoerd has stated on 23 April that he is ready to face any economio blockade and war. 10. That Government has , moreover , begun this war with the extermination of the unarmed black population, which face a militia of some 40,000 white men picked by lots, as well as commandos consisting of those whites who had not been drawn by lot, and a powerful police force that has a budget of $16 million. One out of every two Young white men is draftedinto the army. Able-bodied white men are armed and trained in the use of weapons. There are schools thatfor $1680 Will teach you to kill. 11. At the same time, the Government is preparing for a war of provocation against the African States. Its military budget has risen by 25 percent and amounts to $294 million and its production of arms has increased by 80 per cent, It is now manufacturing gas weapons which, according to Professor Leroux of the South African Institute of Security, cari be dropped in considerable quantities by aircraft or long-range missiles 13. The United Kingdom is not known as a basically racist country. The United States has its problems,but the United States Government is not racist; it is combating racism and has earned our admiration for that reason. As regards France, everyone knows that any suoh ideology is alien to it, and it cari be said without hesitation that the French Government is one of the few white Governments to which racism is totally unknown. It is, therefore, difficult for us to understand them. 1s it a matter of investments? Admittedly, these are considerable: $80 million in 1962 for the United Kingdom, $72 million for the United States. But once they know what these warmongers are doingwiththeir money, they surely Will not let themselves be guided by interest, since that would be a blot on their brilliant humanistic civilization. 14. It is not, in faot, legitimate to grow rich by maintaining a people in perpetual servitude, It is not legitimate to grow rich by destroying family life and separating husbands and wives. It is not legitimate to grow rich by keeping a people forever in poverty, misery and abjection, It is not legitimate to get rioh quick by preventing the people who provide the bulk of the labour from organizing themselves in order to defend their right to work. 15. The very least that cari be said is that this is exploitation of man by mari and that is condemned by every tenet of morality. TO continue in this direction while being aware of the facts is toprofit from apartheid, to be an accomplice in this abomination; and the law rules that the aocomplioe and the accused shall be held equally responsible. 16. An analysis of this situation makes it clear that there is a threat to international peace and security. On this point the conclusions of the experts, of impartial observers and of church authorities coincide. Thus, the experts appointed under the Seaurity Council resolution of 4 December 1963 [S/5471]l/ speak of a general conflagration as the ultimate result of this antagonism, and, the Most Rev. Denis Hurley, the Catbolic Arohbishop of Durban, speaks of an approaching day of reckoning, Sir Hugh Foot, one of the experts, a former Uriited Kingdom Governor of Jamaioa and later of Cyprus, believes that a racial war may be imminent in South Africa and that it will take on such proportions that it will extend to the whole world. y Officill Records of the Security Council, Eighteenth Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1963. 18. While arriving at the same conclusion, theGroup of Experts recommends that we should cal1 on the South Afrioan Government, within a definite period of time, to hold a national convention representative of the whole population to decide the future of the country, and that in case of a negative response we should consider the imposition of sanctions, 19, My delegation considers that the recommendations of experts appointed under a Security Council resolution adopted unanimously cannot be rejected lightly; it further considers that these recommendations oan be regarded as the provisional measures provided for in Article 40 of the Charter. Meanwhile, a detailed study of the possible implementation of Article 41 should be immediately requested by the Security Council. Eminent economio experts of international reputation should be given the task of studying the logistios of sanctions. 20, Peace is threatened by the racial conflict arising from the policies of apartheid of the South African Government. The white Government of Pretoria and its allies, and the blaok people of South Africa and their allies, are a11 caught up in an infernal machine which is carrying them towards war: a terrible racial war which, even if the world was sparedfrom total destruction, would tragically alter the balance betweencivilizations as a result of the choices which Africa would have to make in renounoing its neutrality. Upon courageous decisions of the Security Council depends the survival of the world Organization. Remember the process which led to the demise of the League of Nations! nale qui conduit de s&urite national, à la disparition 21. If the decision you take is not the one that Will reduce tension in this part of the world, we shall corne baok to you, as often as proves necessary, with the same determination and the same militancy; for we need peace, and if, by mischance, anything should happen in the meantime, we should ask ourselves whether it was not because you were unable to transcend your immediate interests in order to preserve the most important thing in the world-peace. tomber quelque demanderions pas su dominer y a de plus important 2/ Ibid., Nineteenth Year, Supplement for April, May and June 1964. ments 3/ .%ne text as A/5692 and A/5707 respectively (See Officia1 Records of tbe General Assembly, Nineteentb Session, Annexes). nexes).

In tsking part in this debate, the Bclivian delegation wishes to begin by making itclear that anything we may say abcut the grievous practice of apartheid Will be said mcst vigorously, since the Bclivian pecple is racially mixed, as a11 Latin Americari pecples are more or less. LatinAmericais prcud of its tradition in this matter since there has never, on its soil, been room for racial prejudice. 24. The Bolivian delegation has carefully examined the most important background factoss in this problem and has followed with interest the statements made by the representatives of the African-Asian bloc who have asked to take part in this debate, 25, The South African Gcvernment, adopting an attitude of defiance, has displayed open ccntempt for the United Nations of wbich it is a Member, deliberately igncring the resoluticns of the General Assembly and the Security Council. 26. In our view apartheid, legally and politically speaking, has ceased to be a prcblemat issue between the African-Asian Governments and the Government of the Republic of South Africa and has become a matter of concern to a11 States Members of the United Nations. Moreover , it affects not only the principles, doctrine and philosophy of the UnitedNations, but the Organization’s actual machinery designed for the keepingof the peace. 27. We must consider what shculd be done with Government that is unwilling to fulfil its obligations as a Member of the Organizaticn, that systematically refuses to accept decisions taken with lofty objectives in view and in the highest interests of mankind. The 28. There have been brutal forms of racial domination in the world, but at periods when human society had not yet reached its present stage of evolution. Until a short time ago, colonialism at least hadthe decency to pretend that it was fulfilling a mission of educating and protecting peoples which were regarded as politically too immature to govern themselves; but apartheid cynically attem.pts to establish social and economic domination by a minority, inciting the lowest of human passions. 28. Le monde a connu dsautres domination Bpoqne ofi la soci&% son niveau actuel d’%volution. n’y a pas si longtemps, P&endre tection mûres elles-m&mes, cynisme d’une minorité, sions humaines. 29, Representatives in the Security Council have shown a unanimous desire to put a Swift and peaceful end to this tragedy of sorrow and death through which most of the South African people are passing. We would like to have seen the Council adopt, without delay, really positive measures such as those requested by the African-Asian representatives; but, aware of the dtiiculties in such a course, we would support any suggestions we consider appropriate, such as that for the creation of a special committee of experts which, within the framework of the Charter, would study the most adequate and effective means of resolving this problem. 29. Les membres unanime de trouver a cette trag6die la aurions des mesures délégations dees, mais, porte, paraissent la cr%ation d’un comit% spécial d’experts cadre adequats blème, 30, The African-Asian delegations well know, as do 30, the members of this Council, that Bolivia has given tout and Will continue to give, unreservedly,its mostresola Bolivie lute support to the independence of the African-Asian porter peoples, ltind%pendance des peuples d’Asie et d’Afrique. 31. Le PRESIDENT: pour pour demain matin, Je propose donc que la prochaine séance soit fix6e a demain 15 heures,

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