S/PV.1139 Security Council

In acoordance with the decision previously taken ky the Counoil, 1 shall invite the representatives of Cyprus, Turkey and Greece to take places at the Council table. 1. Le PRESIDENT: Conformément àladécisionprise antérieurement par le Conseil, je vais inviter les représentants de Chypre, de la Turquie et de la Grece & prendre place & la table du Conseil. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Spyros A. (Chypre), M. Orhan Eralp (Turquie) et NI. Dimitri S. Bitsios (Grèce) prennent place à la table du Conseil. K~PF~CUIOU (Cyprus), Mr. Orhan Eralp (Turkey) and Mx. Dimitri S. Bitsios (Greece) took places at the Council table. 2. The PRESIDENT (translated from French): 1 have no speakers listed as wishing to speak in the general debate on this item of the agenda. That being SO, 1 shall now give the floor to the first speaker on the list for an explanation of vote before the voting-namely, the representative of Czechoslovakia on whom 1 now call. 2. Le PRESIDENT: Je n’ai pas d’orateurs inscrits pour parler sur le problème a l’ordre du jour dans le débat général. Dans ces conditions, je donnerai la parole au premier orateur inscrit pour explications de vote avant le vote, le représentant de la Tohécoslovaquie . 3. M. HAJEK (Tch&oslovaquie): Dès le d8but des débats concernant Chypre au Conseil de sécurité, notre délggation a maintenu l’opinion que la raison des troubles qui ont amené ce problème devant le Conseil ne réside pas dans la situation intérieure de Chypre, c’est-a-dire dans les communau& ethniques grecque et turque. L’histoire de Oes rapports depuis le XVIBme Siècle nous avait fourni la preuve qu’une coopération étroite de ces groupes était possible, que leur coexistence pacifique et amicale était m&me une réalité dans laplus grande 3, Mr, HAJEK (Czechoslovakia) (translated from Frenoh): From the outset of the discussion on Cyprus in the Secusity Council, our delegation has held the tiew that the reasons for the disturbances which have OaUsed this problem to corne before the Council did not lie in the countryfs domestic situation,-that is to say, in the relations between the Greek and Turkish communities, The history of these relations since the sixteenth Century has proved to us that peaceful and frlsndly coexistence and close co-operation between these ethnie groups were possible and have, in fact, “It is necessary to say that the atmosphere in which bloodshed and regrettable conflicts have taken place is the result of the continuous thxeat of foreign aggression, invasion, intervention, occupation and partition of Cyprus, which constitute a heavy element of nervousness, over-irritation, suspicion and tension. Only in an atmosphere completely free from the dangers of an extexnal attack and pressure, and in which every possibility of invasion, occupation or partition is unambiguously rejected, Will it be possible to reintroduce into the relations between the Greek majoxity and the Turkish minority in Cyprus that element of confidence and harmony which will enable their coexistence to be seoured in full respect for their rights,” [109’7th meeting, para.58.1 This was the view which guided us in the discussion and voting ontheresolutionof 4March1964 [S/5575].u 5. Our position was completely vindicated by subsequent events-flrst by the Security Council meeting urgently convened on 13 March to counter the threat of an immi.nent invasion of Cyprus, and then by the series of ovents mentioned in the Secretary-General’s report [S/‘5’764 and Add.112 concerning the presence of the Force and the United Nations Mediator in Cyprus during the thxee months which have just elapsed. 6, While the repost indicates progress in the efforts of the Cypriot Government to stabilize the situation, it states, in its paragxaph 119, as follows: Y’he xeourrent threats of a landing of Turkish military forces in Cyprus impede the efforts of the Unfted Nations to restoxe normal conditions ancï to prevent fighting in the island of Cyprus. Suchthxeats serve as well to make the Turkish Cypriot leadership Iess amenable to the acoeptance of arrangements designed to contribute to a xeturn to normality in the island.” 7. The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Cyprus has cited a numbex of facts and statements as proof that this threat is genuine and continues to exist. The truth of this proposition is inevitably confirmed by the Turkish represent&ve’s silence in face of the request u See Officia1 Records of the Security Council, Nineteenth Year, Supplement for January, February and March 1964. -! Ibid., Nineteenth Year, Supplement for April, May and June 1904, g. Consequently, the basis for a stable and durable solution must be sought in safeguarding the islandts sovereignty, which should not be restricted by colonialist relies stemming from unequal treaties of the past, and in the guarantee of the independence and territorial integrity of Cyprus. This is the main, the principal task of the United Nations SO far as solution of the cypxus problem is concerned. 9. et durable la souverainet limitée des trait& tie de Chypre. pale, ce qui est de la solution du problbme 10. The constitutional Government of Cyprus is the sole representative of the national sovereignty. Every means should be granted to this Government to enable it to reaffirm its authority, restore order and defend the countxy against any attack or pressure from outside. 10. le seul représentant C’est a lui que tous les moyens doivent être concédés pour ainsi que pour défendre ou pression 11. As for the measures taken by that Governmentto ensure its defence, they are based on the incontestable right recognized in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, It is impossible to invoke a single provision of previous Security Council resolutions in order to deny that xight to the legal Government of Cyprus. The quarters least justified in doing SO are, either those whose attitude is the very origin of the external threat, or those that are responsible for it by reason of having for many years supplied enormous quantities of war material to the men who represent that threat today, and of having built up vast arsenals in the eastern Mediterranean. 11. Quant aux mesures pour droit Charte gouvernement rgsolutions peut faire de la menace extérieure sables des quantités qui, précisément, avoir orientale. 12. The Secretary-General’s report, in line with what the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Cyprus has said, recommends that the United Nations Force in Cypxus be extended for three months. 12. discours Chypre, Nations 13. est de contribuer contre raineté, Chypre, position. quant aux limites des Nations Unies et quant 8 son financement, que nous avons définies lors du 4 mars que la délégation “e2t$e 13. We are prepared to adopt that proposal, inasmuoh as the fundamental purpose of the Force is to ensure international peace-that is, to oontribute tcwards the protection of the Republio of Cyprus against the danger of invasion, and to affirm the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of cyprus. of course, we adhere to our position concerning the strict limits to the competence of the United Nations Force and its financing-qualifications which we stated at the time of the voting for the resolution of 4 March [1102nd meetingl. It is on this basis that the Czechoslovak delegation will vote in favour of the draft resolution contained in document S/5’776/Rev.2.3/ 14. dglégation trss

My delegation wishes to mb a few very brief remarks at this stage of the debate, 15. Nous voulons délégations général 15. FirSt Of all, my delegation wishes to join with othex delegations in paying tribute to the Secretary- General and bis military and political representatives 3/ Ibid -.2 16. Secondly, from the report of the Secretary- General and the statements made in the past two days by the representatives of the parties directly ooncerned, it appears that the situation in Cyprus is still far from satisfactory. Mutualfear and distrust between the two communities continue to exist. The resulting tension has led to shooting incidents and other untoward events which have, in turn, further exacerbated the tension, This has become a vicious circle. While the return of normal conditions depends basically on a political solution acceptable to a11 parties directly ooncerned, this vicious circle cari be broken only if the fighting is stopped and law and order is restored, thus creating a favourable atmosphere for the negotiation of a final settlement. 17. Thirdly, as stated by the Secretary-General in his report: “The presence of the United Nations Force has clearly prevented a recurrence of open fighting during the period under review”. [S/5764, para. 57,] This alone is no mean achievement. 18. The United Nations Force has made other notable achievements, such as an improvement in the free use of roads throughout Cyprus, and its success in helping to make harvest arrangements. Al1 this has contributed to the well-being of the people of Cypxus and to the return of normal conditions. However, the task entrusted to the United Nations Force is obv-iously unfinished, Therefore we endorse the view of the Secretary-General that its oontinued presence in Cyprus is desirable and necessary. We are gratified that those countries which have contributed to the Force are willing to continue to do SO. 19. For these reasons my delegation Will support the five-Power draft sesolution. 20. My Government wishes Cyprus, Greece and Turkey well. We sincerely hope that during the extended period of the presence of the United Nations Force, they Will be able to work out a satisfactory political solution with the help of the Secretary- General and the Mediator of the United Nations,

As 1 have no more speakers on my list for explanations of vote before the voting, 1 think 1 oan put the draft resolution submitted by the delegations of Bolivia, Bsazil, the Ivory Coast, Morocco and Norway to the vote [S/5776/Rev.Z], A vote was taken by show of hands. î‘he draft resolution was adopted unanimously.

When the Security Council discussed the Cyprus question almost three months ago, the delegation of Bolivia expressed its deep feeling of sorrow at the loss of human life in the strife-torn island and expressed its hope that the fratricidal struggle would cesse. Unfortunately, the latest developments have shown that it has not been possible 23. We recognize, however, that the presence of the United Nations Force has avoided greater tragedies. We pay tribute to this Force and to the States which have contributed to its financing. The Secretary- General of the United Nations, with his usual tact, his outstanding intelligence and his devotion to the cause of peace, has in the matter of Cyprus taken prompt action which is worthy of the highest praise. 24. The delegation of Bolivia, together with thedelegations of Brazil, the Ivory Coast, Morocco and Norway, prepared the draft resolution which has just been unanimously adopted. This document reaffirms the resolutions of 4 and 13 March 1964; it calls upon a11 Member States to comply with those resolutions, takes note of the Secretary-General’s report and extends for an additional period of three months, ending 26 September 1964, the stationing in Cyprus of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force established under the Security Council resolution of 4 March 1964. The delegation of Bolivia sponsored this draft resolution because it believes that the most effective steps should be taken as a matter of urgency to arrive, even ‘if only gradually, at an appropriate and final solution of the Cypxus problem. 25. We would stress particularly the positive aspects of the statements which have been made by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Cyprus and the representative of Turkey. Mr. Kyprianou has reaffirmed his Government’s decision to maintain the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Cypxus intact, He has offered, as on previous occasions, unlimited recognition of human rights, guaranteeing the individual freedom of a11 Cypriot citizens, regardless of race, religion or political belief. 26. We think that the guarantee offered by the Cypriot Government to respect the equal status of a11 its citizens is of the first importance. In our view, the Council has not studied the merits of this guarantee sufficiently. We would draw attention to the fact that Cyprus, since it became independent, has not had an opportunity to put these principles into practice, because since the date of its foundation the Republic has lived under the disruptive influence of treaties which impair its national sovereignty. It might be well to imagine how Cypriot democracy wouldfunction if it were not handicapped by those treaties, for it is well known that the Greek and Turkish Cypriots lived in an atmosphere of Concord when there were no elements hampering mutual relations between the two communities. 27. The delegation of Bolivia understands the feaxs of the ‘Iurkish Government regarding the fate of the Turkish population in Cypxus. In this connexion we believe that Cy-pxus on the one hand and the Wnited Nations on the other should give the most categorical assurance that there Will be no illegal discrimination in Cypxus against that community. 29. It is not easy for those unfamiliar with the tragedy now experienced by Bolivia to understand the enthusiasm with which we have greeted the Turkish statement, From the legal standpoint, and 1 have pointed this out before, Bolivia is experiencing and suffering the same tragedy as that overtaking Cyprus. Bolivia has been condemned to geographical imprisonment, with no access to the sea, by atreaty which for moral, legal and political reasons should be re-examined in the light of the new trends in international co-operation. It would not be surprising should my Government at some time request the Council to studythe question of Bolivia’s geographical imprisonment, a problem which alseady constitutes a serious threat to the peace of the Americas. This explains why the delegation of Bolivia feels a special sympathyfor the struggle of the Cypriot people. 30. The resolution which has just been adopted does not go to the root of theproblem. The Security Council has laid aside that aspect of the matter, given the urgent need to prevent fresh outbreaks of violence; but a discussion of the political factors Will necessarily supervene, and the Council cannot avoid it. The delegatien of Bolivîa believes that when that time cornes it Will be possible to adopt a plan designed to solve the Cyprus crisis, which cari only be done by disarming the assailant forces of the two oommunities and evacuating the foreign military forces stationed on the island. Al1 this must be based on the need to produce a symbiosis between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots, SO that they may live together with common aspirations to peace, freedom, justice and progress.

My delegation feels obliged to explain its vote. 32. We have just voted for the adoption by the Security Council of the draft resolution submitted by five nonpermanent members of the Council. 33. We should like to emphasize that the Soviet Union’s position of principle on the question beforeus remains unchanged. As you know, we stated this position at the 1102nd meeting of the Security Couneil on 4 March 1964 and reaffirmed it in our statement at the 1138th meeting of the Council on 19 June 1964, 34. My delegation again expresses the hope that a11 interested parties will take the necessary steps to implement the decisions of the Security Council on the question of Cyprus and to normalize the situation on the island in the interests of international peace and security.

On behalf of the Seourity Council, 1 should like to thank the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Cyprus, the representative of Turkey and the representative of Greece, for the considerable contribution they have made to the Council’s discussion of this matter. The decision which we have just taken concludes the Security Council’s debate on the item placed on its agenda. The meeting rose at 11.20 p.m. HOW TO OBTAIN UNITED United Nations publications may distributors throughout the world. Write to: United Nations, Sales COMMENT SE PROCURER LES PUBLICATIONS Les publications des Nations Unies sont agences dépositaires du monde entier. ou adressez-vous à: Nations Unies, Section COMO CONSEGUIR PUBLICACIONES Las publicaciones de las Naciones casas distribuidoras en todas partes dirijase a: Naciones Unidas, Section Litho in LJ.N, Price: $LJ.S. 0.35 (or equivalent in other currencies)