S/PV.1190 Security Council

Before taking up the question we have met to discuss, I should like to perform the pleasant duty of paying a tribute, on behalf of all the members of the Council, on behalf of my delegation and on mJ' own behalf, to Ambassador Rogel.' Seydoux, the Permanent Representative of France, who was President of the Council during the month of February. Although Mr. Seydoux was not called upon to convene the Council, he nevertheless played an important part on the Councilts behalf in the consultations concerning recent events affecting peace, and I take pleasure in thanking him. 2. Mr. SEYDOUX (France) (translated from French): Mr. President, I aIil deeply touched by your kind words; I accept them witha certain degreeof modesty, for my activity as Presidentfor the monthof February was, in fact, very limited. It will not be the same in your case, and I am glad of that, for all who know you appreciate your impartiality, your diplomatic skill and the strength of your convictions. 3. In wishing you success in the lofty mission Which will be yours during these last weeks of March, may I say how pleased I am that an African will preside over the discussions in which a new African State's application for admission is to be considered. 4. The PRESIDE~T (translated from French): I thank the representative of.France. WeIcorne to the new members of the Security Council

.On behalf of the Council, I should also like to thank the representatives of Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Morocco President: M. Arstlne A. USHER (C6te-d'Ivoire). Presents: Les repr~sentants des Etats suivants: Bolivie, Br~sil, Chine, C6te-d'Ivoire, Etats-Unis d'Am~rique, France, Jordanie. Malaisie, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni de. Grande-Bretagne et d'Irla.nde dn Nord, Union des R~pubhques socialistes sovi~tiques et Uruguay. Ordre du jour provisoire (S/Agendo/H90) 1. Adoptionde l'ordre du jour. 2. Admission de nouveaux membres: Lettre, en date du 18 f6vrier 1965. adrE?Ss6e au Secr~taire g{ln~ral par Ie Premier Ministre de la Gambie (8/6197). Remerciements au Pr~sident SOf'tant 1. Le PRESIDENT: Avant d'aborder Ill. question qui fait l'objet de notre r6union. je voudrais mtacquitter d'un agr~able devoir, celui de rendre hommage. au nom de tous les membres du Conseil,· au •nom <Ie ma d61~gationet enmonnompeI"~OImeI,b.!.l'Ambassadeur Roger 8eydoux. repr~sentant.perm~nEli1t .!iela France, qui a assum6 la pr{isidence du Consei1. durant Ie mois ~oul6. M. Itambassadeur 8eydoux. stil uta pas au 11 convoquer Ie Conseil. a mal~ toot jou4!. au nom duConseil, ungrandrOledanIilles consultations au sUjet d'~venementsr~entstouclw1tb.1a paix,et ee m'est un plaisir de l'en remerf;lier. 2.M. SEYOOUX (France):Jtlll~tll.trbssenf>ible, Monsieur. Ie Pr€lsident.l'I.vosaimablesparol~;je les aeeepte avec un certain coefficient de modestie, car 1'ex-Pr~sident du. mois!ie f~vrier<lu~"?U~r~nd ntaexerc~ qutuneactivit6e~.faittr~1~.Ill.}~.n n'en sera pas de m@me .devou~. at j43~'~~~jouis, parce que tous ceux qUi veus.connais~e~tappr~ient ves qualit€ls d'imPartialitll etvetre.s.ells~lan~­ eiation aussi bien que la rigueur de vos convictions; 3. Permettez.,..moi, en .vous exprimant.ffiesvooux pour Ie succ~s de Ia haute mission qUiestlav(ltre pendantces dernibres· semaines· de\mars,deme f6liciter que se.solt un Africain qui preside ledebat au cours duquel est examin6e la demande d'admissioii d'un nouvel Etat afl'icalin. 7. >Mr.RIFA'I .(Jordan): The seat which my country and .my.delegationha.ve the honour to occupy today in thisCounc,ilwasoccupied by the sister state, the Kingdom of·Morocc().,and its distinguished and most able representatives. It is. our sincere hope that we shaUbe worthy of the. high standard which Morocco has set during its representation. S.Ten years of. membershipat the United Nations have qualified the Hashemite Kingdom. of Jordan to seek a non-permanent seat in the' Security Council. The Member States which enabled us to join you in this high circle have. ind~ed extended to us a token of friendship which we hope we shall reciprocate. The kind .words.of welcome and encouragement expressed to my country and to me personany by you, Mr. Pre· sident,will, I am sure, be received in Jordan in the same-manner as they are received by me and my delegation-with deep gratitude andgreatappreciation. 9. May I be permitted to seize this opportunity to make a tJ."ief statement regardingthe generalapproach to problems which we intend to follow in this Council. The JK)1itical attitude which my country has adopted nationally and· internationally, •under the guidance of His MtijestyKingHussein, will enable my delegation to finO Us way clear in discharging its. new responsibilities. Durway is drawn by the purposes laid down in Article lof the United Nations Charter, the fulfilmentof which we are pledged to work for. Our way is drawn. by•the representative .character of our place in.this Council, 10. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a part of the i.Arabhomeland. Its people are a part of the Arab nation, and .its interests and aspirations stem. from that solid reality which shall direct our attention in the deliberations of this Council. Lying in thewestern sector of Asia. in the Arabianfertile crescent, Jordan se~:~9~.its horizons thatht;lavenly lightwhich appeared from witbinits . borders at the hands of the prophets and spread overJimitless dimensions. And beyondthe borders; in the .great continent of Asia, the cradle of civiUzation.·thereflourished what man hadoffered to e~E!rnityof'human thought. and superior. ideologies. Iri~Ilired •by such reflections, we shall see our. way ~lellr.jnoureffortsto serve the cause of peace and brotherhood amOng men. e~rience au mieux des int~r@t de la paix et de la s€lcurit6 internationales. 7.M. RIFA'! (Jordanie) [traduit de l'anglais]: La sitlge que mon pays et ma d616gation ont 1'honneur d'occuper aujourd'hui au Conseil vient d'~t:re occup6 par un Etat frtlre. Ie Royaume du Maroc, et par ses representants si distingues et eminents. Nous nous efforcerons sinctlrement d'@;tra de dignes successeurs du Maroc 1l. ce si~ge. 8. Dix annees d'appartenance 1l. l'Organisation des Nations Unies ont fait que Ie Royaume hach6mite de Jordanie a cru pouvoir poser sa candidature h un sibge.de.membre nonpermanent duCODSEdl de securit~. Les Etats Membres qui nous ont permis de venir y si6ger MUS ant donne un temoignaged'amitiequenous esperons pouvoir leur rendre. Je suis certain que les paroles aimables de bienvenue etd'encouragementque vous avez prononcees, Monsieur Ie President. h l'adresse de mon pays et 1l. la mienne, seront accueiUies en Jordanie avec la m~me profonde gratitude et Ie m@me plaisir qu'elles l'ont ete par rna de16gation et par moi-m~me. 9. Je voudrais saisir cette occasion pour faire une brllve declaration sur ce que sera l'attitude de ma delegation au se:n du ConseU. La politique quemon pays a adoptee.sur les plans national et international, sous la direction de SaMajesteIe roi Hussein, guidera rna delegation dans1'exercicede ses nouvelles responsabilites. Notre attitude se fondera sur las principes inscrits h l'Article 1 de la Charte des Nations Unies, h Ia realisation desquels nous nous sommes engages 1l. travailler. Nous tiendrons egalement compte. dans notreattitude. du caract~re representatifdenotre place au Consail. 10. La Royaume hacMmite de Jordanie est une partie de la grande patrie arabe. SOn peuple est une parti2 de la nation arabe, et ses inter~ts, comme ses aspirations, d€looulent de oe fait, quenousneperdrons pas de we. au cours des deliberations du ConseU. Situ€le dans la partie ouest de I'Asie. au sein du fertile croissant arabe, la Jordanievoitbriller sur elle la lumitlre divine que le~ proph~tes ont allumee et qui s'est etendue 1l.1'infini. Au-del~des fronti~res, Ie grand continent asiatique, berceau delacivilisation, a vu eclore les plus hautes formes de la pens~e et de la philosophie. Cas consid~rationsnous guideront dans .nOS efforts pour-servir la causa de la paix et de la fraternit6 entre leshommes. 12. In our two continent:,; there are spots of conflict and violence, and there are tragic and serious problems spread from coast to coast. In the Far East a most disturbing situation exists which knocks heavily at the doors of a major war. The concern is· equally shared by all and the responsibility for saving the situation must therefore be shared by all. Itprimarily rests with this Council. • ~ 13. In the Middle East foreign aggression is seeking further reinforcements from certaincentres ofsupply, in preparation for a second round. The present moment strongly calls for the re-establishmentofconditions ·ofpeace in which the declared principles of right and justice are applied and in which our people could live in their motherlands in freedom and prosperity. In Africa the struggle for the respect of human ,jignity is still finding a rough road. Thequestion requires no less than concerted efforts in the pursuit I')f right. 14. It is with such sincere intentions that we shall .approach the problems taken up by the Security Council, and, in this regard, we feel thatthe authority and prestige of the Security Council should not justify any tendency towards vagueness or ambiguity in its pronouncements, but should rather demand clear expressions in .. matters. which, if left unsettled, will endanger international peace. 15. On this. Council we build highhopes, andin this Coun.cil we. try to .serve. May God the Almighty gl.ve us the strength to carry out.our duties.

I am obliged to you, Mr. President, for your very kind words of welcome. The Government of Malaysia, of course,deems it a great honour to be seated in this Council, and in the company of such colleagues. It feels also that it could not have chosen better company in enteringtheportals of this august body.·But it.regards its membership as something more than a mere honour, high as it is: it regards it as an opportunity for service to the world Organization, in terms of its own dedication to the principles and purposes of the Charter.· In common with the •smaller States which c()!:lstitute.theillajority of ..theUnited.Nations .• D1embership,iwitha /c()mparatively short span of }ndependentexistence, and as a· developing ..•State .possessing .the n:l.0ral ••and material·· resources needed for such development, Malaysia .has .. perhaps· more need for.• the United Nations than the United Nations may have for it; 17. Against the bnckgroundofthel'atherunhaPPY memories of the inactivity of the nineteenth session 12. Sur nos.deux continents, il subsiste des foyers deconflit et de violence, et des probl~mes graves, tragiques m~me, y existent d'une cOte ~ l'autre. En Extr~me-Orient, la situation est si alarmante qU'elle fait craindre un conflit international. C'estunecrainte que nol'~ partageons tous et il nousincombe ~tous de sauveI' ·lasituation. C'est, au premier chef, la responsabilite du Conseil de soourite. 13. Au Moyen-Orient, 1'll.gresseur etranger, .• qui prepare un deUXi~me assaut, cherche. ~ ·renforcer ses moyens en s'adressant lA certains fournisseurs. nest imperatif de retablir des conditions de paix par l'application des prmcipes doolar!s de droit et de justice, min que nos peuples puissant vivre libres et heureux dans leurspatries. En Afrique, la lutte pour Ie respect de In digniWl humaine se poursuit dans des conditions toujours difficiles. Des efforts concertes ·au servicedu droit sont indispensables pour son succ~s. 14. .Telles f!ont les pr~cupll.tions sinc~res ..avec lesquelles nous aborderons .les probl~mes e~s par Ie Conseil de s:OOurit6, et je dois dire la cesujet q,ue. pour nous,l'autorit! at leprestigedu Coos.eil ne peuvent s'accornmoderd'aucunetendance au~e au ~ l'ambiguit6dans ses dOOiEiions,lesquelles doivent ~tre tr~s claires, dans toutes lesquestions. 'lui mettraient en danger la pm internationale si· eUes restaient sans·solution. :1.5. Nous fondonsde~ll.Jl<hs ~spo~lSsurleq<>ns~il de. s~urite etll()ul3..~\.~or()eron!3i~.J~.S~. QUe Ie Tout-P\i.issant nous donne laforcede .. nous acquitter de nos devoirs! 16. M.RAMANI(Malaisie) [tl'll.duitde !'anglalsj:Je vous sais gre, Monsieur 1e President, de vos aimables paroles .de bienvenue.· Pour Ie. GouveEooment de\la Malaisie. c'est. naturellElment ungrandbonneurque de si€lger ~ ce conseil, aux cOtes de coll~esaussi €lminents,et il consi~re qU'il n'auraitpucboisir meilleure cOillpagnie. pour franchirleseuil· de· (let auguste .arOOpage.Maisil ne voit passeuJ:~~~~ grand bonneur .·.dans. sa .@ualite de.•·.illembre"'~3.pe .conseil:·U y voit une possibilite de servirl'(>rl@rlsationmondiale,l¢ceil sonpropre att9.C~~ent aux .bu~/'e~//I>~i!l~*~~·."'.~ .. ·•••~.·ic:~pt~.\\c:t()n:l.lllte.\\!~1il autre!3•• ~~itf\l./~~~·\llui··.··cons~~~~~t .• I~/majo~it6'~s Etats~en:l.bf~s, .Ill .• Malaisie, ind6pendanteXdEl~is relll.tivement~u~tem}lset p~ys~v?ie ~...d6V~1?P7 pement qUipossMeles .l'essourcesmorll1~set!l1..t6- rieUes..D.ooessaires pouroed6veloppement,apeut-&tre· plus besoindes ,Nations Unies que les .NationsUnies n'ont besoin d'elle. 17. COMciente •••...•de •.... 1.llregI'ettable ···i~cti()n9.uia ·caractl!lris6 .ladix"'neuvi~me session del'Assemb16e 18. If I may be permitted to say SO,the Securio/ C()U!lcil has nOw an opportunity it has not had since thefateful "Dniting for Peace" resolution [377 (V» to dem.0nstratetothe world that the United Nations is very much alive; that its right arm, which is the Security Council, is by no means paralysed; that to its power and authority it can match the willingness to listen and the readiness to act in the face of cries for help.• To say that these cries are still being heard from .far •• comers . of .• the world-some, of course, more strident, others more muted,.-is not so much to take a pessimistic as .arealisticview of conditions in this strife-ridden world. The Security Council cannot plug its ears against these cries of anguish. 19. In this context, Malaysia regards it as an inescapable duty of the representatives ofthe smaller States on the Council, that is, the non-permanent members, to be the. bridge between the Organization as a whole and the major Powers of the world, whose membership of the Council is sQ.i generis. Malaysia approaches.its. tasks in· the Security Council with a clear consciousness of this duty. It has no reason to believe t..'1at its other five. colleagues feel any differently.. The confidence.of a majority ofthe membership, that has made it possible for Malaysia to participate,howeverhumbly, in the high tasks of the Security Council, would lose all meaning if it did not give it a measure of courage to say a word about its own attitude to these tasks. It trusts it will fall on receptive ears. 20. It is.no secret that tM principle of unanimity of the great Powers in the peace-keepingactivities ofthe United Nations is the cornerstone of the Charter and, as long as the Charter continues in its present form, that is, we venture to think, a fact that has to be accepted and not a fiction that may be circumvented by ingenious. formulae. It is equally no secret that the basic conflict that has preventedthe GeneralAssembly from. functioning normally this year was born of the endeavour,however well-intentioned, to find an alternative to this principle of unanimity, should it break down, by regarding the peace-keeping responsibility as one· that the Security Council can and must share With the General Assembly. Tentative first steps towards resolving this conflict have just been taken. It .. needs no .prescience to say. that the .road is going tOibelong and tortuous. The question therefore inevitably arises: What is to happen in the meantime to the peace-hungry regions of the world perilously perched on the edge of a precipice, which find that a step either way, backward or forward, .is fraught witl;1 danger of the gravest kind? . 21. )It is in this situation, and with a desire sincerely to contribute to a morfJ helpful approach to a solution 18. 8i je puis me permettre de Ie dire, Ie Consell de securite a maintenant, plus qu'll n'a eu 1l. aucun autre moment depuis Ill. fatidique resolution "I'Union pour Ie maintien de Ill. paix" de l'Assemb1ee generale [377 (V»), l'occasion de prouver au monde quel'Organisation des Nations Unies est bien vivante. que son bras droit -Ie Conseil de securite - n'estnullement paralyse et qU'elle joint 1l. ses pouvoirs et droits Ill. volonte d'entrendre les cris d'alarme et d'y repondre par des actes. Dire que de tels cris continuent de lui parvenir de beaucoup de points du monde, certains stridents. d'autres plUS assourdis, n'est pas pousser 1es choses au noir, mais les voir de fa<;1on realiste, en notre monde si dechire. Le Conseil -de soourlte ne peut faire Ill. sourde oreille devant ces appels angoisses. 19. Dans de telles conditions, la Malaisie consid~re que les representants des petits Etats membres du Conseil, c'est-b.-dire des membres non permanents, ont Ie devoir imperieux de servir de pont entre 1'Organisation dans son ensemble et les grandes puissances, qui sont en tant que telles membres permanents du Conseil. La Malaisie aborde sa tll.che au Consell de soourite en ayantclairementconscience de ce devoir:: Elle n'a aucune raison de croire que ses cinq autres coll~es pensent differemment. La confiance d'une majorite d'Etats Membres, qui a permis 1l. Ill. Malaisie de venir participer, si humblement que ce soit, aux nobles ttl.ches du Consell de securite, n'aurait plus de sens sl la Malaisie n'y puisait pas Ie courage de dire quelques mots sur Ill. fagon dont elle conQoit ces t!ches. Ellees~re ~tre OOoutee. 20, Ce n'est un secret pour personne que Ie principe de 1'unanimite des grandes puissances dans les activltes des Nations Unies en mati~re de maintien de Ill. paix est Ill. pierre angulaire de Ill. Charte. Aussi longtemps que Ill. Charte restera ce qu'elle est, c'est Ih, pensons-nous, un fait qU'll faut accepter, et non une fiction qU'il est possible de tourner par des artifices ingenieux. On sait aussi que Ie differend qui a emp~che cette annee Ie fonctionnement normal de l'Assemblee generale est ne de Ill. tentative, pourtant bien intentionnee, qui a ete faitepourtrouver un moyen de suppleer, en cas de hesoin,1l. ce principe de 1'unanimite, en considerant que Ill. responsabilite du maintien de la paix est une responsabilite que Ie Conseil de securite peut etdoit partager avec l'Assemblee generale. L'Assemblee vient de prendre les . premitlres .mesures en we du rtlglement du difierend. n est facile de prevoir que Ill. tllche sera longue et ardue. Aussi la questionsuivante se pose-t-elle: que vont pouvoir faire, en attendant, les pays avides de paix de certaines regions du monde ob. la paixesten ~riletpour lesquels tout mouvement, en arritlre ou en avant, peut avoir de gra.ves consequences? 21. C'est pour cette raison, et dans un desir sinc~re d'aider h favoriser Ill. solution du pl'obl~me, que Ill. 22. My delegation Wishes respectfUlly to commend this suggestion to the attention of the permanent members so that the SecurityCouncilwill,mpractice, whatever the academic or legal position. havedemonstrated its readiness and Willingness to face up to its responsibilities and thus restore to itself its primacy in peace-keeping functions. And. in the processt it will have justified the hopes of mankind and wiped the t~ars from the faces of suffering humanity, for which alone the wise framers of the Chsrter brought It Into existence and gave It Its extraordinary powers. 23. This is an immediate and practical solution to the problem, which, left to drift, will lead us to disaster. It is a compromise; but we venture to think. that a compromise. particularly in a political forum like the Security Council, is' less a sacrifice of any sacrsd principle thsn anadmisslonofhumanfallibility. Approached in this spirit. a door may yet open to an ultimate solution. the need for which is perhaps iess urgently felt by the great Powers than by all the rest of us. 24. Malaysia therefore hopes that, in due time, when It lays down the dignity of Its membership of this Council, It may be able to reel that during its time on the Council it not merely bore its less than oneeleventh share' of the blame that has forever fallen on the SeC',rrity CQuncil. but also, and more hopefully, helped to contribute at least its one-eleventh part to the success of its functioning. 25. Mr. de BEUS(Netherlands): Mr. President, may I first of all thank you most sincerely 011 behalf of my country and of myself for your kind words of welcome to the Netherlands In the Security Councll. l:i See Offic1al Records of the General Assembly, Nineteenth Session. Plenary Meetings. 13O&th meetina. paras. 180-185. matn~re de maintien de la paix, comme tenus d'agir unanlmement 11 seule fin d'arrateo: ImmMlatement Ie conflit, pour &viter qu'll ne s '6tende rapidement et qu'un petit incendie non martris~ ne Mg6n~re en une grande Jonflagration. n ne serait pas uooessaire qu'un debat ult6rieur sur les causes·du conflit et la rapsrtltlon des responsabilltlis solt snbordonn6 h. cas restrictions librement ac:cept@es. Des consid6rations politiques interviennentalorsioovitablmnent et, comme Ie oonflit aurait ~ arr~atson extension empecMe, un long ~bat, ~me, ne conduisant pas 1l des d6clslons nettes, ne pourralt avolr des effets !rriparables. 22. Ma dlilagatlon se pennet de recommander cette suggestion ~ l'attention des membres permanents du ConseR, afin que Ie Consen ~montre ainsipra.tique~ ment, qnelle qne solt la posltiontMoriqneoujurldlque de sea membres, qu'll est p~t l falre face lsea responsabilit6s et qUill retablisseainsi sa prlmaut6 en mat~re' de maintien de la paix. Ce fai.sant, n r4xtndrait aux espoirs delthumanit6 souffranteet en s~rait les larmes. N'est-ce pas 111. la raison pour laqne1le I~s auteurs de la Chsrte I'ont cr~ et In! ont confar6 ses pouvolrs extraordlna1res? 23. La suggestion de 111U dli1agatlon faurelt une solution immMlate et pratique d'un probltmle qui. 8i on ne Ie resout pas. nous, conduira au d6sastre., q'eB:t 6videnunent uncompromis. mais nous ,"pensons qutaccepter ce oompromis, surtout dans un organe politique comme Ie Consen de 'soourit6,ce serait reconnartre 'que les hommes sont faillibles. etnoz:t. renoncer 1l quelque' principe sacr~., En ,envisageant ainsi tout Ie probl~me. On ouvriraitpeut.;.l1tre 1aporte h. sa solution dMinitive, clont la nkessiOO urgente,est peut-&tre mains ressentie par les grandes puissances que par toutes les autres. 24. La 'Malaisie esp~ done 'qu'au moment'otJ. cessera pour elle Ithonneur dt@tre membre ,de,:,Qt:i_,_..~ Conseil elle pow'rase dire que, pendant qu'~ne'y sibgeait,elle n'a passeu1ement risqu6d'endosserun onzU~;me du blame quepouvait' encourirle 'C,onseU, mais a heureusementcontribu6potlr au moiDSun onzi~me au succ~s de son fonctionnement. 25. M. de BEUS (PayS-BaS) [tradnlt de l'anglaisJ: En tout premier lieu, je,voudrais, l'4onsi,eur, Ie Prasident, vous remercler trlls aiDC~rem~nt.aunom de man pays et en mon nom personnel, des a~ables Y Voir Documentl offi~eli de I'Assemb!ee gbirale. dix-DeUYi&ie SesSIODt 'sbnees pU:~.1300ameseance. p;.r. 180 lIas. 28. Under these circwnstances, my country considers it not only an honour but even more so, a great responsibility to have been chosen te occupy a seat on the Security Council for two years. 29. In taking that seat today 1wish te pay tribute io Norway, the country which has occupied this seat with so much distinction before us and, in particular, to ita representative, Ambassador Nielsen, who managed to gain the confidence of all groups in the United Nations, by his constructive efforts in many difficult situations. 30. Finally, 1 only wish to assure this Council that, as a member, the Netherlands will now, as before, act in accordance with an age-old tradition, which is that we shall try to do everything in our power to preserve and strengthen peace and to work for the establishment of a just and stable internationalorder. 30. Enfin, je voudrais assurer Ie Conseil que mon pays continuera d'agir, entantquemembreduConseil, en se conformant II sa tradition ancienne r.ui est d'essayer de faire teut ce qui est en son pouvoir pour pr€>server et renforcer la paix et pourtravailler ll. l'€>tablissement d'un ordre international juste et stable.

First of all, Mr. President, I should like to thank you for the cordial words with which you have welcomed my country to this Council. 31. M. VELAZQUEZ (Uruguay) [traduitde1'espagnoll: Monsieur Ie PrClsident, je d€:sire tout d'abord vous remercier des aimables paroles par lesquelles vous avez accueilli mon pays au sein du Consell. 32. The happy circwnstance that the representative of the Ivory Coast is presiding over this meeting gives me added satisfaction, as I remember what close relations there have been betweenour Missions, which have been engaged for the last two years. in the Committee of Twenty-fourY in the joint and noble enterprise of striving for the cause of the liberation of SUbjugated peoples. 32. L'heureuse circonstance qui veut que Ie repr€>- sentant de la COte-d'Ivoire pr6side cette s6ance est pour nous un motif suppl€:mentaire de satisfaction, car nous n'oublions pas combien sont 6troites les relations qui se sont €:tablies entre nos deux missions, depuis deux ana, au seindu Comit6 des Vingt-QuatreY , dans la noble entreprise qu'est la lutte en commun pour 1'6mancipation des peuples assujettis. 33. AlthOUgh from its very first days in the Organization as a founder Member Uruguay has participated in many important activities of the United Nations, it was only at the nineteenth session of the General Assembly that it intimated for the first time its aspiration to a seat in the Security Council. I take this opportunity to express publicly my appreciation of the unanimous support which the Latin American countries gave this aspiration and of the very favourable reception it was given by the other Members of the Organization. 33. Depuis son entrlle IlI'Organisation commemembre fondateur, l'Uruguay a particip61l de nombreuses et importantes activit6s des Nations Unies, mais ce n'est que lors de la lllic-neuvitlme session de l'Assembl€:e g6nl!rale qu'il a exprim6pour lapremitlre fois Ie d6sir de si6ger au Conseil de soouritl!. Je saisis cetta occasion pour remercier publiqllement les pays d'Am6rique latine d'avoir teus appuyl! notre demande et pour remercier les autres Membres de 1'Organisation de lui avoir rllserv6 un accuen tr~s favorable. Y Special Committee on the Situation with regard Il) the Implementation of tite Declaratioa on tite Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. Y CornU.e special charge d'itudter la situation en ce qui concerne I'application de Ia Declaration aur I'octroi de l'independance awe pays et aux peuples coloniaux. 3&. The second consideration derives from the fact Cult Uruguay is a member ofthegreat Latin American family. It is common knowledge that perhaps themost imJVolrtant contribution that Latin America has ma:!e to international law lies precisely in its abiiling and steadfast loyalty to the lofty ideals of pt:ace. In the course of 'lUl" bistory this has been reflected in a corp'.lS of legal instruments wbichare beingconstantly improved upon, for the peaceful settlement of all Latin American disputes; my cou"try has always played an active part in the drafth.!!. of these instru~ ments. 36. If we bear in mind that, in acccrdance with the Charter, in electing the non-permanent membdrs of the Security Council the General Assembly mu"t pay due regard, in the first instance, to the contribution of each country to the maintenance of peace and security-and this, of course, is not to be interpreted in a material sense-it is easy to understand the satisfaction felt by Uruguay at this moment, on becoming for the first time a member of the organ wbich, in our contemporary world, is uniquely entrusted with the most important oftemporalfunctions, namely the preservation of world peace, 37, I should like, before concluding, to pay a tribute to the delegations of Brazil, to whose seatmy country now succeeds, Czechoslovakia, Morocco and Norway for their important contributions to the work of the Council during their term of office. At the same time 1 should like to extend my contraguIations to the colleagues who are taking their seats today and to assure the members of the Council of mydelegation's close collaboration in carrying out the common tasks before us. Adoption of the agenda The agenda was adopted. Admission of new Members Letter dated 18February 1965from the PrimeMinister of the Gambia addressed to the Secretory-General (5/6197)

On 18 February 1965, the Prime MinisteI' of the Gambia addressed to the Secretary-General his country's 35. La seconde raison est 1e fait que 1'Uruguay est l'un des pays de la grande famille latino-llIL1iricaine. Chacun sait que la contributioll la plus importante de l'Amllrique latine au droit def-' gens a sans doute lltll sa fidllHtll constante III'idllal de la palx, qui s'est traduita, al, cours de I'bistoire, par l'adoption d'un ensemble toll;Q1ll'>;: plus complei d'instruments jUI'idiques pour lasolutionpacifiquede tous nos diffllrends, instruments k l'lllaooration desquels mon pays a touiours activement coopllr~. 36. Etant donn€! que, selon la Charte, l'Asscmbl€!e glln~rale doit tenir spooialemcnt compte, pour I'lliection des membres lion permanents du Conseil de soouritll, de la contribution que les pays ant apport~e au maintien de la paix et de la soouritll, contribution qui peut, bien entendu, s'entendre au sens figDl'll du terme, on comprendra la satisfaction qu'llprouve l'Uruguay de sillger pour la premi~re fois II l'organe qui, dans Ie monde contemporain, est charg€! de fallon prMminente de la plus haute des t!l.ches ttlrnporelles: celIe de sauvegarder la paix dans Ie monde, 37. Je nevoudrals pasterminer sans rendrehommage a la dlllllgation du Br€lsil, dont ma dllillgation prend maintenant la suite, et li'.tXdEH€lgations de laTcMcoslovaquie, du Maroc et de la Norvl:lge, pour Ie concours qu'elles ont apportllau Consetl pendant leur mandat. Je presente mes f~licitationsll. ceux de mes collllgues qui sil:lgent ici aUjourd'hui pour la premil:lre foiset je tiens li assurertous les membres duConseil.que rna d€llllgation collaborera lltroitement avec eux lila rllalisation des t!l.ches qui nous sont maintenant communes. Adoption de I'ordre du jour Admission de nouveaux membres Lettr!', en date du 18 fevrier 1965,C1dre$s~.au Seeretaire g6neral.par Ie Premier Ministrede 10 Gambie (5/6197) 38. Le PRESIDENT: Le 18 fllvrier 1965, Ie Premier Ministre de la Gambie a soumis au8ecr6t!iire gllnllral la demande d'admissiondecepayscommeM'3mbredes ....... DrT",I.., and NorthSm Ireland. .. I IIIIUlIt lIlat the Council is now ready to begin 40. Je erois que Ie Conseil est maintenant pr~t lJ. commencer I'examen de la demande dont il est saisi et je "lonne la parole au prnmier orateur inScrit sur la !.iSte. Ie reprllsentant du noyaume-Uni. Ibis application. I call on the first IIlO my list. the rE!preslllOtative of the United 41. Sir Roger JACKLING (Royaume-Uni) [tradnit de l'anglals]: Ma dt:16gation VOlldrait, comme premier devoir et comme un plsisir allSsi, s'associer allX pa- roles de bienvenue que VOllS avez adress6es, Monsieur Ie Pr6sident, 11. nos nouveaux collflgues de Jordanie, de Malaisie, des Pays-Bas et d'Uruguay. Je vous assure que rna d61egation sera beureuse de travailler en 6troite collaboration avec ewe pour servir les objectifs de notre charte. Sir Boger JACKLING (United Kingdom): My de- W<lldd lllre liS its first duty and its pleasure _lim~ri;te your welcome, Nr. President, to the e-l.1, to our new colleagues from Jordan, the Netherlands and Uruguay. I assure lbi.t my delegation looks forward with keen lIIIIlidil'lltLoa to worIUIIg closely with them in further- purposes of our Cbarter. 42. We lire particularly pleased lbi.t two of them, Jordm and Malaysia, bave joined with the delegation of the Caut and with my delegation in co- dnft reaolution [5/6226J which re- the General Assembly lbi.t their fellow ~Asilm COIIIltry, the Gambia, be admitted to meznberahip in the United Nations. 411. I Iaioo the ~rtunityat the same time to record our to the delegatioos of Norway, Brazil, Clloolwslovakia for their contributions to the _rit of the Council in an exceptionally bl<sy perkld. And it will not, I trust, be thought invidious if I make specific mention of the only one of our 10..-1' colleagues who represented bis Government ~Iy during the full two-year term of their ~ on the COOllCil. Ambassador Nielsen, the ,...__,t representative of Norway, bore a heavy of respoosibility while his country was a YMmber of the COOllCil, and I think that we are all i1lWare of the great contribution which he made, in liis close collaboration with other representatives wB<:> were serving with him on the Cmmcil at lIlat time. «. It bas become traditional in this COtmcil lIlat wllen a former colonial territory, now independent, oeeks admission to the United Nations. the former administering OOWItry should spOnsor and speaK to its application. This is the privilege of my delegation today ia respect of the Gambia. 45. Ny oountry can claim to speak from experience of the Gambia and its people for our links date baCK nearly 400 yours. The first Britons arrived in the Gambia in 1588. the year of the Great Armada, and Ie 1618 their successors began to explore the river winch !pves the country its name. Their purpose was trade In ivory, hides and beeswax, and this trade was continued under companies of merchant adven- turers until, in 1765, the forta and settlements from ~ it VIlIS couducted were vested in the British Cr<I'WIl. 42. Nous sommes particuli&'ement beureux que deux d'entre eux, la Jordanie et la Malaisie, se soient joints lila dt:16gationdelaCOte-d'Ivoil"e et1l.la mienne pour presenter Ie projet de resolution [5/62261 qui reoommande lJ. l'Assemblee g€merale d'admetire aux Nations Unies un autrepays afro-asiatique, laGambie. 43. Je profite de cette occasionpourexprimerllgale- ment notre reconnaissance aux delegations de la Norv~. du Bresil, du Maroc etdelaTchlloosloVllqllie pour Ie rOle qU'elles ont jOne dans Ie travaux du Conseil pendant une pllriode exceptionnellement chargee. Et je pense que I'on ne m'en voudra pas si je mentionne nommllment Ie seul de nos anciens coll~e" qui ait represent6 ici son gouvernement sans interruption pendant les dellX annees de son mandat au Conseil de soou1'ite. M. l'ambassadeur Nielsen. representant permanent de la Norv~ge, a assume de lourdes responsabilit6s pendant que son pays 6tait membre du Conseil, et je crois que bOUS sommes tollS conscients du rOle trlls Important qu'il a j0ll6 en coUaborant lltroitement avec les autres repr6sentants qui si6geaient au Conseil de sllcurit6 en meme temps que lui. 44. 11estmaintenantdetradition. auConseU,lorsqu'un ancien territoire colonial, devenu indt:pendant, de- mande 11. etre adIois aux Nations Unles. quel'ancienne puissance administrante Ie parraine et appuie sa demands. C'est ce qus ma d6111gation a aujourd'hui Ie plaisir de faire lJ. propos de la Gambie. 45. Mon pays peut pretendre parler d'~rience, s'agissant de la Gambie et de son peuple, car nos liens avec lui remontent lJ. pr~s de quatre cents ans. Les premiers Britanniques sont arrives en Gambie en 1588, annlle de la Grande Armada, et c'est en 1618 que leurs Sllccesseurs ont commence 11. explorer Ie neuve qui donne son nom. au pays. Le but de ces Britanniques etait de faire Ie commerce de 1'ivoire, des peaux et de la cire d'absille, et cs commerce fut poursuivi par des compagnies de marchands aventuriers jusqu'en en 1765, date 1l.laquelle lesforts 47. Thereafter, European activity in the Gambia was limited to the operations of a few individual traders, until in 1816 a Captain Grant, sent out to West Mrica to establish a base for the suppression of the slave traffic, founded a settlement at what is now the capital of the country, Bathurst. 48. For two distinct periods during the nineteenth century the Gambia was admini.stered joiotly with Sierra Leone, but from 1888 onwards it was admini- stered as a separme territory With its own governor and executive and legislative councils. SuccessivE'> stages of constitutional advance led to the iotroouc- tion of full iotemal self-government in October 1963, and, followiog a constitutional conference in 1964, CUlminated in indepenlience on 18 February 1961>. 49. Geographically, the Gambia forms an enclave of 4,000 square miles surrounded on three sides by Senegal, and extending eastwards from the Atlantic along both sides of the Gambia river for 300 miles. With a population of 316,000 it is one of the smallest nations in the world. It is, unfortunately, not rich in natural resources. 50. These facts have combined to make the Gambia, which was the first territory in West Mrica to come under British admi.'\istration, the last to achieve nationhood, and they make it inevitable that the road ahead for the Gambia in independence will not be an easyone. 51. The economy remains largely dependent upon agriculture, and for its export earnings upon a single agricultural product, ground-nuts. which were first introduced by the Portuguese, and· which nOw make up over 90 pel' cent of the country's exports. 52. Th!, dovernment of the Gambia has naturally devoted its efforts towards diversification, and bas had some success in recent years in introducing rice as a second crop. Nevertheless, tI.e Gambia cannot finance development without external assistance, which my Govel"llD1ent has readily made available. 53. We have in recent years provided by grant about One quarter of the budget expenditure of the Gambia and have promised continued financial and eConomic aid on a substantial scale after independence. The Gambian Government has set in hand a development programme for the period 1964-1967 directed in the first instance towards improvement of internal com- munications and to the increase of the output of all sectors of the agricultural system. This development plan will be assisted by $2.240,000 a year by my Government, which has in addition underwritten a local loans programme of $1,120,000. marchande. 47. Par la suite, lesativites des EUl'Opeens enGamhie sa limittlrent aux operations de quelques Mgociants, iusqu'au moment alii, en 1816, un certain capitaine Grant, envoy€> en Mriqllle occidentale pour y installer une base pour Ia r€>prassion de Ia traite des esclaves, fonda un lltablissement ll.l'endroit qui est aujourd'hui la capitale du pays. Bathurst. 48. Au cours dill X1X~me si'ecle, la Gambie fut administrf;e conjoiotement avec Ie Sierra Leone pendant deux periodes mais, ll. partir de 1888, elle fut administroo en taut que territoire distinct, ayant son propre gouverneur et des conseils exllcutif et lllgislatif. Des €>tapes successives de progrl!s consti- tutionnel ont conduit h I'autonomie interne compltlte en octobre 1963 et, ll. la suite d'une confi3rence oonstitutionnelle tenue en 1964, ont abouti 11 1'indll- pendance Ie 18 fllvrier 1965, 49. Geographiquement, la Gambie forme une enclave de 4 000 milles carrlls entcurlle de trois d\~s par Ie Sllnegal, et elle s'lltend Ie long des deux rives du fleuve Gamhie, sur 300 milles hpartirdel'Atlantique. Avec une population de 316 000 habitants, c'est I'une des plus petites nations du monde. Elle n'est, malheu- reusement, pas riche en ressources natureUes. 50. C'est ll. cause de cesfaitsque la Gambie, premier territoire d'Afrique occidentale ll. ~tre placll sous administration hritannique, a llt€> Ie dernier territoire l\ devenir ind€>pendant et ils feront in€>vitablement que I'avenir de la Gambie ind€>pendante ne sera pas un avantr facile. 51. L'tconomie continue d" dlipendre surtout de l'agriculture et de recettes d'exportations fournies par un seul produit agricole, 1'arachide, introduite dans Ie pays par Ies Portugais et qui constitue maintenant plus de 90 p. 100 des exportations. 52. Le Gouvernement gambien a naturellement fait des efforts pour diversifier l'agriculture; ces der- nillres annees, il a introduit avec un certain succi'!s Ie riz comme deuxi~meculture. Nllanmoins, la Gambie ne peutfinancer sondeveloppementsans une assistance extllrieure que mOn gouvernement a dejh commenc!! 11 lui fournir. 53. Nos subventions ont couvextces dernii'!res annl!es pri'!s du quart des dlipenses budgMaires de laGambie, et nous aVOnS promis de continuer ll. lui accorder une aide financillre et llconomiqueimportante apr~s I'ind£>- pendance. Le Gouvernement gambien a mis en train un programme de dl'lveloppement pour la pllriode 1964-1967, qui Vise surtout ll. ameiiorerles communi- cations intllrieures et ll. accroftre Ie rendement de tous les secteurs de 1'agriculture. Man gouvernement fournira une aide annuelle de 2 240 000 dollars pour l'exllcution de ce plan de developpement et, de plus, il a garanti un programme de pr~ts locaux de 1 120 000 dollars. 5~. Needless to say, ,the close historical,economic, ethnic ,and linguilltic. links ",hich.'exist between the Gambia and Senegal plsy a major part in the politics of the Gambia. 57. '. A groUPof United Nations experts who visitedthe area in 1963,presented to the Government of Senegal and the Gambia,in March 1964, a report whichre- commended. a. process, of closer association in suc- cessive stages between the two countries. 58•• Following joint discussions in May and June 19M,agreements-which came into force on the Gal11bia's independence-were initialled by the two Governments on co-operation in defence and foreign affairs,' ,•Joint .' economic development. projects are aleo being studied by the two Governments. 59.•"The Gal11bia has come to independence after a long history of' increasing responsibility for its own affairs. Its Government was returned to office in free democratic elections held in 1962, and its Prime Minister, Mr. David Jawara, e,njoys the confidence of the nation. He has described his Government's purpose, in an Independence message, in the fonowing terms: "to work in a spirit of liberalism for the advancement of the Gambian people...and for the promotion of Mrican unity" . 60. He has set his country's course firmly on the path of development and improvement of the lot of its people, backed by substantial assistance from my own country, and in co-operation with its neighbour, Senegal. 61. His country's application for membership is before us in document S/6197, together with his de- claration that the Gambia accepts the obligations contained in the Charter and solemniy undertakes to fulfil them. My de1e&'ltion has no doubt about the Gambia's qualifications for membership of thisOrga- nization, and has no hesitation In recommending its application to this Council.

I am sure that the Council wiil allow me, contrary to the usual practice, to speak as the representative of the IVORY COAST and a sponsor of the draft resolution on the admission of the Gambia. 63. A country's accession to independence in order and dignity, with democratic institutions, is a sign of great merit, both in those who cede the rights and de~ rllsultats d'une ei1qu6te effeetu6e en 1964 ,pal' una 6qu1ped'experls de laFAO,qui a6tudillles possibilit6s de mise en valeur du neuva par uneffort comlDWl des deux,pays. 56. n •est ll. peinebesoin de dire que Ies liens lltroits, d'ordre historique, 6eonomique, ethnique 'et linguistique, existant entre ia Gambie et Ie S~~ jouent ,un ,rOle ~s lm\JOrtant dans Ia vie politique gambienne. 57•• Un groupe d'experls des Nations Unies qui s'est rendu dans ia ~gion en 1963 a pr6senUl aux Gouvernements idu S6Degal. et de IaGambie, en mars 1964, un rappert recommandant un processus d'association plus ~ite. par 6tapes successives, entre les deux pays. ' 58. A la suite de conversations qui ont eu lieu en mai et juin 1964, Iss deux gouvernem~ts ont parapll& des accords portsut sur la cooperation en mati~re de dMense et d'affaires 6tra.ng&es, qui sont entras en vigueur au moment de l'ind{,pendancedelaGamble. Des projets commune de d6veloppement6conomique sont6galement 11l'tltude de part et d'autre. 59. La Gambie a aceMll !L l'indApendance aprlls un long processus d'autollOmle accrue dans la gestion de ses propres affaires. Son gouvernement a 616 maintenu au pouvoir par des 61ections democratiques et libres en 1962, et son premier minlstre, M. David Jawara, jOuit de la confiance de la nation. n a: d6crit les buts de son gouvernement, dans un message Ie jour de l'indllpendance, comme lltant: "de travailler dans un esprit lib6ra! pour Ie progrlls du peuple gambien ••. et pour l'unit6 de l'Afrique". 60. II a farmement engagll son pays sur la voie du developpement et de l'am6lioration du sort de Is population, avec una aide considllrable de mon propre pays et en coopllration avec Ie voisin de la Gamble, Ie S6nllgal. 61. La demande d'admission de la Gamble aux Nations Unies nous est pr6senUle dans Ie document S/6197, avec nne ~clarstion selon Iaquel1e laGambie accepte ies obligations ccntenues dans Ia Charte et s'engage solenneHement ll.les remplir. Ma ~16gation n'a sueun doutsquant an fait que la Gamble remplit les conditions'requises pour atre Membre de 1'01'&'1- nlstationetel1e n'6prouve aueune' Msitatlon ll. recommender sa demande au Conseil de soouri~. 62.Lll PRESIDENT: Je suis certain que Ie, Conaeil me permettra, contrairement !L I'usage, de prendre In paroie ,en rna qualM de repri'lsentant de la COTE-D'IVOiRE et de coauteurduprojetderi'lso!ution sur l'admission de la Gambie. 63.L'sccession d'un pays !L l'lndependance dans I'ordre, Is digni~,avec des instiintionB ~mocratiques, est signe d'un, grand mllrite h la fois pour ceux qui 65. The indepenl!eIJ(le of the Gambia, whichisa small country, is of significance to all Africancountries. To us, Members of the United Nations and members of the Security Council, who are responsible· for the promotion of peaceful coexistence, intetl\S.tioual solidarity and therefore peace, this independence is doubly signific!Ult. 66. That is why Mr. F61ix BoupIlouISt-BoIgny, President of the Republic of the Ivory Coast, sent a special message of congratulation and friendbip to the Prime Minister of the Gambill. on the OO<l9.sion 0{ Its Independell<le, expressing in particular the hope that the Gambia would take Its place in the great family of independent African States and make an important contribution to the achievement of our common objectives. 67. Similarly, the numerous African delegatiollS attending the independence celebrations in this small country, and the agreements signed that very daywith its neighbour, Senegal, which shares with it many common traits-such as community of race, of civilization and of religion-are signs that the Gambia will enjoy a certain prestige amq the nations and that it will In any case have a prosperous future and develop in peace, understanding and friendehip with its neighbours, 1n accordanoe with the conditions and obligations prescribed by the Charter for admission to the community of nations. 68. We know that the experiment In the exercise of sovereignty which the Gambia bas just begun is boUlld to be successful. But the Gambia has not ohosen to undertake that experiment alone and in isolation; it wishes to progress in unity, in faith, and with the assistance of tile United Nations. That Is why my delegation, which sponsored the admission 0{ Zambia and Malawi, is partiCUlarly happy to sponsorthe entry of our sister State of the Gambia into international life. 69. We therefore hope that theSeourity CounQiI will recommend to the General Assembly the admission of this State, by unanimously adopting the draft resolution which the Ivory Coast, Jordan, Malaysia and the UnitedKingdomhavetbehonour jointlytosubmit to you. 70. In conclusion, I should Ilke to congratulate the United Kingdom on its achievement in granting Inde- Cas llellS nouveaux sont Ies germespromis deIapaix, de la fraternit6 et de la coo¢ratiOll in~erna~ona1e, pour Iesquelles, ensemble, nous falsons campa~. 65. L'ind6pendanoe de·la Gambie, petit"illlYS, est significative pour tons lea pays africaillS,POurnous; Membree des Nations Unies, .meJIlbrelJdu··Gdr1i!Elii de s6curit6 ~ de promouvolr Is. ~x1s~ pacifique, la solidarit6·internationale'et,parcousA.- quant, la paix, cette ind6pendance~tdoublem~ significative. 66. Et c'est poIUquoi M. F61.ix Houpbl:>uet-BOi8nt, pr6sident de laR6publlquede Cllte-dIIwire'lIad#ss6; II l'occasion de I'~danoe, un message tout sP60ial def€llloitations at d·amiti€l..... Pre~er M:l1rl~ de la Gamble, en exprimant notam.tl.l~t I~~~~9,U~ Ia Gambie prendra place dans Iagran~ fllWilltl~s !:tatS ind6pendants d'AUique et a~rt"",au'1-"~~I-; bution importante II la r6alisation de nosobjectifs commune. 67. De m&ne, .Ies nombreuses d6l6gatiollSafricames venues assister .ll Ia c616bration de .•1'in~dallce de ce petit pays, Ies acoords qni ont 616 sign6s Ie jour m~e avec ~n voisin, Ie S6ntlgal., qui Parl;llge avec lui.de multiples traits commune - communQuta de race, communautl! de civilisation, communautl! •.de religion -, pr6sagent d'un oertain 0riditdela Glmlble parmi lee nations, en tout cas d'un bon avenlr ~. d'un d6veloppement .dans la paix, la compr6b,e!:lsi<.met l'amitil'l avec lee voiSinS, conditions at obligations qui neue sont impos6es Far Ia Cbarte pour appartCllir , la communaut6 des nations. 68. L'exp6rience que va faira,que vient de com., mencar la Gambie dans la jouissance de 1a souy-6rf!!- net6, est. nne exp6rienee que nons savona ~f1Is­ sairement heureuse. Mais 1a Gambie n'a pas choisi de II. fll1re. stll!1e, i~()16!;o;~lle.'I1'~~ union, dans 1", f(ji, at a~.l'll.idedes Aussi rna d61€lgation.est-ellep...... . reuse de pouvoir, une fois enc()l'e'.lIIll"~s et Ie Malawi, parrainer la naissance de I' de.Gambie h la vie internationale. . . 69. Nons esp~rons done que leconsE!M.~..;~l1ri~ recommandera b. l'Assembl6egen6r~.l'~~1Sio~ de cet Etat en voiant b. I'unanimit61ePl'?~~de r€lsolution .que II. Cl)te-d'IV()il"~' .la!.Jo~e,/Ja Malaisie et Ie Roya.ume-Uni ont l'llDnnsur:lIe: vou.S pr6senter an commun. 70. Je me dols, pour terminer,d'adres"eriQ.:Ia: Grande-Bretagne nosf6licitations pourl'OlUvrBqu'"lIe Uni~ed King<iom. the Ivory Coast and Malaysia in cosponsoring the draft. resolution before the members of .the. Council recommending the admission of the G!,mbiato membership Of the United Nations. 72. The African-Asian states realize howgreattheir task. in .the world is becoming as they continue to celebrate the arrival at the United Nations of new indepemellt /l!ldsoverei~.sister states. Our feellugs are a mixture of deep satisfa.ct1on and of great hopes. 73. As I speak today I have the honour to express . the most sincere congratulations of the people and Government .of Jordan to the people and Government of. the Gambia for the exalted status which they have successfully achieved and which they rightfully deserve, ~to wish them the best in carrying out the important responsibilities ahead of them. 74. We also wish to express our specialappreciation to the Government of the United Kingdom for the construotive manner in which it helped the process of the .independence to develop to a satisfactory <lOnciusion. 75. •And itdoes not escape my mind tonote the happy coincidence that the meeting of this. Council for recommending the admission of the Gambta is held umer the presidency of a true son of Africa and a most distingnished representative of his country. My compliments, therefore, are extemed as well to you, Mr. President. 76. Mr.RAMANI (Malaysia): The Security CouncUis a forum where the atmosphere is more often than not riven with the soums of conflict. and acrimonious eloquence thundering back and forth is caught and conveyed around the world. It ietherefore a particular pleasure that Malaysia's first task atthefirst meeting in which it is participating is to perform the pleasant duty of proposing a new State to membership of the United Nations and offering it its good wishes. 77. Each new addition to the membership signals the flowering into independence of a new State which, by its very first act. undertakes to be bound by the obligations of membership as the legitimate price for seeking the benefits thereof, which, for a developing State, are vast and varied. The more numerous the membership, the wider become the areas of acceptance of the purposes and the principles ofthe Charter. so that the edifice of peace that we are striving to build keeps rising in the full view of the world. 78. The Gambia, 1 believe, is today the smallest sovereign State in Africa in area as well as in population iUld. upon admission. it will become the thirtyseventh AfriciUl State in the United Nations. With its peculiar geographical situation and political associations, the Gambia starts its Independent life with problems more varied and vital than many another independent State that has come out of colonial shackles. But one already observes that the state 72. Les Etatad'Afrique et d'Asie se reDdent compte de l'importance accrue que pram leur tache dans Ie monde It mesure qu'Us volent de nouveaux Etats in~ndants et souveralns les rajoindre au sein de l'Orga.nisation des Nations Unfes. Nous @prouvonsnne profonde satisfactionatconcevons deoouveaweespoirs. 73. Prenant Ill. parole aujourd'hui. j'at Ie plaisir d'exprimer lee plus sincbres £lllicitations du peuple et du Gouvernement Jordaniens au peuple et au Gouvernement de la Gambie pour Ill. dignit€llt Iaquelle fis se sont·lllev(!s at qu'ils mllritent sl bien, et de leur souhaiter Ie plus grand sucOOs dansl'exereicede leurs futures responsablllt€ls. 74. Nous tenons 6galement h exprimer notre reconnaissance au Gouvernement du Boyaume-Unl pour Ies efforts qu'il a faits afin que Ie processus d'acheminement de Ill. Gambie h 1'ind~dance solt oouronnll de succbs. 75. Je me permettrai de constater nne heureuse colhcidence: c'est SOllS la prllsldence d'un vrai fils de l'Afrtque et d'un eminent representant d'un pays d'Afrique que Ie Conseil s'est r€>uni aUjourd'hui pour reoommander I'admission de la Gambie. MescompUments s'adressent donc €>ga1ement l vallS, Monsieur 'Ie Prllsldent. 76. M. RAMAN! (Malaisie) [traduit de l'anglais}: Le Consell de s€lcurtt6 est bien SOUVBn! un organs oll retentlssent des crls de discorde, et 1'6cho de harangues acrimonleuses parvient 8UssltOt au monde entier. C'eat done un vif plaisir pour Ia Malaisie, h la premibre sllance duConsellhlaqueileelleparticipe, que d'avoir It s'acquitter d'un agrllable devoir, calui de proposer l'admission d'un nouvel Etat awe Nations Unies et de lui exprimer ses VlEUX de succbs. 77. L'admission h l'Organisation vlant couronner l'accession It 1'independance de tout nouvel Etat. Son tout premier acte est de s'engager b. accepter lea obligations qui lui incomberont comme Etat Membre, en ~hange des avantages que lui vaudra oettequalit€>, avantages qUi, pour un pays en voiede dtlveloppement. son nombreux et vari€>s. Plus les Etats Membres sont oombreux. plus s'61arglt l'acceptation des buts et des prlncipes de la Charte, et l'€>dlflce de palx que nous nous efforgons d'eriger continue ainsi de s'€>leveraux yeux du monde entier. 78. La Gambie est aUjourd'hnl, je crois bien, Ie plus petit Etat souveratn d'Mrlque, par sa superficle comme par sa population, et va. devenir Ie trenteseptlbme Etat aftioain Membra des Nations Unles. Du fait de sa situation googra.phlque et de see liens politiques particullers, elle a accM(! U'independance en ayant des probl~mes plus divers et plus cruclaux que bien d'autres pays liblirlls du jougduoolonialisme. Mats on peut heureusement noter qu'elle a la chance its peculiar SituatiOll, of securing interdependence with its bigger neighbour and, with the assistance jointly requested from the Secretary-General, has already been considering ways and means ofretaining its identity and engaging in closer co-operation with its neighbour in nation-building activities, of which it is very much in need. Malaysia hopes these efforts will be crowned with success and the Gambia will have the fullest assistance of the United Nations agencies in giving economic content and well-being to its political independence. 80. On behalf of Malaysia. I have great pleasure in commending the draft reSOlution, which we have sponsored jointly with other colleagues of this Council, recommending that the Gambia be admitted to membership of the United Nations. 81. Mr. YOST (United States of America): Before making my statement on the subject of our agenda. I should like to join in welcoming to the Council table the four new members: Jordan, Malaysia, theNetherlands and Uruguay. Each one of these nations has already proved in and out of the United Nations that it is devoted to the causes of the Charter and of world peace. We are certain that they will continue to give to this Council· the benefit of their unique experience and keen devotion to the difficult tasks which lie before us, 82. We are happy. too, Mr. President, to welcome you as this month's Council President. and we trust that your tenure in this office will be as fruitful and auspicious as on those previous occasions when you so effectively presided over our meetings. 83. The United States is pleased to vote for the draft resolution now before the Council recommending the admission of the Gambia to the United Nations. 84. The Gambia's long history. culminating in the achievement of independence on 18 February of this year. has been one of an indus~rious people, enriched through its contact with several foreign cultures. The determination, the sense of responsibility and the practice in democracy with which the Gambian people have advanced toward independence, will now serve it well in its efforts to achieve. despite the inherent difficulties which the representative of the United Kingdom has outlined, the full measure of its economic and political potential. We are happy to hear that. just as the United Kingdom assisted the Gambia to independence, so it will provide economic aid to help the new State toward a stable future. 85. The United states has long enjoyed cordial relations with the Gambia. It was indeed a special honOur autre Etat du moncte..petitougrand. ef)t <a~s~r' difficile 11 surmonter. Mais nous sayo~quel.l1; q~~~e, sipetite soit-'elle. a d6jh trl0 n.tr€>9.u~~lleC?Omp~eJTI)j7 la n~essit~. imperieuse dans soncas.(l'unemt~rd~.. pendance avec son voisin plus grand.etque, avec l'assistance demand6e par les deuxpayslluSecr~taire g€looral, elle a d~jh commenc6 h €>tudier les moyens de conserver son identite tout en s'engageantdansune ooop6ration pIns ~troite avec son voisin pour assurer son d~veloppement. dont elle a grandbesoin.La Malaisie esp~re que· ces efforts seront couronn~sde succ~s et que laGambie recevra toute l'assistance des institutions sp6cialis{)es des Nations Uniespour ajouter 11 son in~pendance politique Is.. prosp~rit~ ooonomique et Ie bien-~tre. 80. Au nom de Ia Malaisie, i'ai Ie grand pIaj,sir de demander I'adoption du projet de.r~solutionclont ma d~l~ation est I'un des auteurs et qui tend. h ceque Ie Conseil recommande I'admission de III Gambie.aux Nations Unies. 81. M. YOST (Etats-Ums d'Am~rique) [traciuit. de l'anglais]: Avant de parler du sujet11 l'ordre dujour, je voudrais souhaiter· ~ mOn tour Ia bienvenue .IlUX quatre nouveaux membres o.u Consei! - laJordanie. la Malaisie, les Pays-Bas et 1'Uruguay. Chacun. de ces pays a d6jh prouv6, awe Nation~ Uni.6S .. e~h l'ext~rieur. qU'il est attacM 11 la cause de laCliarte et de .la paix mondiale. Nous sommes certainsqu 'il~ voudront tousfaire ~nllficier Ie Conseil de .leur grande e~rience et de leur profond d6vOuement h ses !tches difficiles. 82. .Nous nous f~licitons ..egalement, Monsieur Ie Prllsident, de vous voir. pr~sider. Ie •Conseil ce mois-ci. Nous sommes persuades que, sous votre pr€>sidence, ses travaux seront fructueux et positifs comme Us l'ont eta en d'autres occasions oll vous avez pr~s1de nos s~ances de fagon s1 comp~tente. 83. Les Etats-Unis seront heureux de· voter. pour Ie projet de. r€lsolution prllsent€l au Conseil recommandant l'admission de la Gambie awe Nations Unies. 84. La longue histoire de Ia Gambie, qui a abouti It l'accession 11 l'ind~pendance Ie 18 fllvrier demier, a 6te celIe. d'unpel1ple indus!l'~~tt)('~\li~tiJ;.~.pm~~t de ses contacts avec plusieurs .·9U1tul'e~~tl'~~1'~~' La dlltermination, Ie sens des responsabil!~~r·/~a pratique de la dtJmocratie, aveclesquelslepeuple gambien a avanc6 vel'S l'ind6pendance, lUiseront maintenant tr~s utiles dans .1eseffortsqu'Ufera., en depit des grandes difficult€ls. clont .a. par101el'epr6- sentant du Royaume-Uni, pour .r.6aliser son plein developpement ooonomiqueet politique.Noussomme.s heureux d'apprendre que leRoyaume-Uni.quiaai~ la Gambie avant l'ind~pendance,continuera defournil' une assistance €>conomique aunouvelEtat .•. pour l'aider h. s'assurer un avenir stable. 85. Les. Etats-Unis entretiennent. depuislongteWps des relations cordiales avecla Gambie. Le Gouver- 86. In the ensuing years, exchanges of visits between the •• Gambia and the United States have continued. Somstwenty Gambians are studyinghsre now. If I may be permitted to inject a personal note, my son is rooming at the university with one of the Gambian st\ldents here. We hope that many more will come to the United States in the future. 87. "In the realm of world affairs, Prime Minister Jawara has left no doubt of the Gambia's will to contribute ,to the' building of world peace. The United States welcomes the Gambia, therefore, as a future member of the United Nations with the conviction that the Gambia's role in this Organization will be a positive and constructive one. In the importantworkwhich stands before all Of us, we wish it all success and Godspeed. 88. ,,Mr. VEL.<\ZQUEZ (Uniguay) (translated from Spanish): It is with great satisfaction that my delegation will vote in favour of the draft resolution before the Council, the adoption of which will, we hope, enable a new State of the new Africa to join th"United Nations very soon. I say with great satisfaction, not only because the cause of freedom, like the cause of peace, is indivisible, but because, as a memberof the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, my delegation, had an opportunity to follow closely the political and constitutional precess which on 18 February 1965 culminated in Gambia's independence and to co-operate, within the limits of its competence, in bringing that process to a happy conclusion. 89. At the same time I take pleasure in expressing U> the representative of the United Kingdom my delegation's sinoere appreciation of what his country has aooomplished in West Africa. 90. I have said on another occasion that the fact that since 1939, over 500 million people who were SUbject to British authority have become free andIndependent was not only due to the new winds which are blowing today and which are making theworld-wideemancipation movement irresistible, it is ene above all-to the hOnour of that country-because emancipa.tion was and is an act of justice, as we are about to confirm. sident des EtatS-Unis qui se solt rendu en Afriqne. Sa premibre 6tape avait 6t6 Bathurst. otI fis'litait arr~t€l 'il la fois en se rendant ll. II. Conf6rence de Casablanca et en revenant, en janvier 1943. 86. Dans les .ann~es quisuivirent, ,les 6changes de visites continullrent entre la Gambie at les Etas- Unis. Une vingtaine dejeunes Gambiens font actuellement des €ltudesdans ootre pays. Je me permettrai d'ajouter un d€ltail personnel: moo fils partage una chambre, ll. l'universitli, avec un 6t\Idiant gambien. Nous esplirons quebeauooup· d'autres €ltudiants gambiens viendront aux Etate-Unis. 87. Pour ce qui est des affaires internationales, Ie Premier Ministre, M.· Jawara, n'a laiss€lp1aner aucUR doute quant ll. II. volontli de II. Gambie d'aider ll. I'6dification de. la paix mondiale. Les Etsts-Unis serent donc heureuxdevoirlaGambieentrer1l. l'Organisation des Nations Uuies, litant convaincus qU'elle y jouera un rOle positif et constructif. Dans Ie travail important qui DOUS attend tous, DOUS lui souhaitons un plein succ~ et lui adressoDS ncs meilleurs VlEUX. 88. M. VELAZQUEZ (Uruguay) [traduitdel'espagnol]: Mil. d6l6gatlon votera avec grand plaisir pourleprojet de r€lsolution present6 au Conseil et dont l'adoption permettra trlls prochainement, neus l'esp6rons, ll. un nouvel Etat de l'Afrique nouvelle d'€ltre admis ll. l'Organisation. Si je dis "avec grand plaisir", ce n'est pas seUiement parce que II. cause de 11. libert€l, COmme celIe de la paix, est indivisible, ma.is aussi parce que, cOmme membre du Comit6 sp6eial charg6 d'€ltudier II. situation en ce qui concerne l'applioation de II. D€lclaration sur l'octroi de 1'ind6pendance aux pays et aux peuples co10niaux, mil. d616gation a pu snivre de prlls Ieprocessuspolitiqueetconstitutionne1 qui a abouti Ie 18 f6vrier 1965 ll. 1'ind4!pendance de II. Gambie et, danS la mesure de ses moyens, aider ll. cet heureux aboutissement. 89. II m'est €lgaIement agr€lableancBttecirconstance de dire au repr€lsentant du Royaume-Uni combien mil. dlilligation appr€lcie 1'oeuvre que son pays a accomplie en Afrique occidentale. 90. Si, depuis 1939, comme j'ai d4!jb. au l'occasion. de Ie dire, plus de 500 millions d'bommes assujettis ll. l'autoritli du Royaume-Uni sont devenus li~es et indlipendante, ce n'est pas seUiement parce qu'un vent de changement a renliu irr6sistibleIemouvement universel d'6mancipation; c'est aussi et surtoutparoe que Ie Royaume-Uni a recoonu - ce qUi est ll. son honneur - que 1'6mancipation est et demeure un acte de justice, dont ocus veocns maintenant d'avoir une nouvelle preuve. 91. M. SEYDOUX (France): Je voudrais tout d'abord m'associer aux voeux de bienvenue que les orateurs 92. I should also like to express my regret at the departure of Morocco, Brazil. Norway and Czechoslovakia. These four countries have made an important contribution to international understanding and to a rapprochement of points of view in several delicate matters. One of our colleagues. Mr. Benhima, has since then been called upon to directhis country's foreign policy. I hOpe thathis distinguishedsuccessor. Mr. Sidi Baba. will be good enough to transmit to Mr. Benhima our gratitude for the work which he, together with his colleagues who have just left us, accomplished in this Counoil. 93. It is now el\llctly one month since the Gambia became independent. We cannot but be glad that the Bathurst Government has so promptly requested admission to the United Nations, and France will very Willingly support the draft resolution submitted for this purpose by the Ivory Coast, Jordan, Malaysia and the United Kingdom. 94. The peacefulandorderlyevolutionwhichpreceded the Gambia's accession to national sovereignty is, indeed, our guarantee that it is resolved to fulfil its obligations as a Member of our O1'ganization. There are other factors which appear to us to herald a harmonious future for the Gambia, particularly the good will of aU nations, inoluding the United Kingdom, which for many years presided over its destiny. 95. But even more important. as far as that future is concerned. is the agreement which the Gambia has concluded with its neighbour Senegal. I think that this agreement, hased on the realities of gecgi-aphy, of economy and of friendship. represents an outstanding example of the African continent's evolution towards co-operation and understanding. We are sure that in the same spirit the countries of the reglon of Africa to which the Gambia belongs will glve the young nations the benefit of tlleir administrative, economic. and cultural experience. 96. The French delegation therefore most sincerely expresses its warm wishes for the prosperous future of the people of the Gambia and their leaders.

Mr. President, I wish, first of aU, to associate myself with the expressions of welcome which you and the other members have extended to Ambassador RUa'i of Jordan, Ambassador llamani of MalaySia. Ambassador de Beus of the Netherlands and Ambassador Velazquez of Uruguay, whotaketheir places at this meeting as new members ofthe Council. All of them have served with great distinction in the United Nations and will, undoubtedly, as their initial speeches presage, bring their experience and wisdom to bear on the work of this Council. 92. Je voudrals~galeme!!texprlmer mes regretsdu ~partdu Maroc. du Br~sU, de la Norv~ge et de la TcMcoslovaquie. Ces, ,quatre" paysont fourni une ~ntribution importante II la compr~hensioninternationale et au rapprochement des points de we dans plusieurs affaires d~licates. L'un de nos coll~gues, M. Benhima. a litli appel~ depuis lors II dirtger la politique ext~rieure de son pays. Je souhaite que Son ~minent successeur, M. Sidi Baba, veullle bien en cette occasion lui rappel~r n?tre gratitude pour l'action qu'U a men~. ainsi que~~scoUllgues qui viennent de nous quitter, au sein de ce Conseil. 93. Voici tout juste un' mois que la Gambieest devenue ind~pendante. Noune pouvol\s que nousfliliciteI' que Ie GouvernelIlent d~ .Bathur~t aitsi rapidement demand~ son adh~sion a,w< NatI?ns Unies, etc'est tr~s volontiers que laFrance apportera sa voix au projet de rlisolution prl'>sent~ A CEltte fin par la cote... d'Ivolre, la Jordanie, la Malaisi" et Ie Royaume-Uni. 94. L'~volution pacifique etordonn~quiapre~ l'accession de la Gamble il.la souveralnet6 nati"na,le nous est garante. en effet. lpl'eU(l est~~~ol\le are,specter les obligations queluiimposerasa quaJ.itlide Membre de notre organisation. D'autres61en:tents nous paraissent annoncer pour elle un svenir ,harmonieux. en particulier la sympathie de toutes le~ puissances et, parmi elles,duRoyaume-Uni, quiapr~sid~ pendant de tr~s nombreuses aun~es aux destin~es'de ce pays. 95. Mals plus important ,encore est, 6vi~eJAJAe'l\t, en we de cat avenir,l'accord que la Gambie a ,conclu avec sonvoisin,le Sl'>n~gal.Fon~sur les rbUt~sde la gIlographie, de l'6conomie et aussl. de l'aJAiti6" cet accord offre, U me semble. un exemple privU6gl6 de l'~volution du continent africain vel'S la coo~ration et vel'S l'entente. C'est dans Ie m~me esprit,nous n'en doutons pas, que les puissances de la r6glonde l'Afrlque alaquelle appartient la Gamble ferontMnlif1cier la jeune nation de leur exp6rience administrative, 6conomique et cultureUe. 96. C'est done tr~s sinc~rement que la d~l~gation fran~aiseformule des vceux chaleureux pour Ie destin prosp~redu peuple galIl~I~~et d~ses,~I~I~~~~; 97. M. LIU (Chine) [traduit~e 1'Sl)glaisl:J(lY9,\l\!r~i~ tout d'abord, MOl\sie\lr}(ll?r~~idel\t~ml!l~~o?i(lrT~ paroles de bienvenu(lqu(l YO\l!l,!lveza.dr(l,ss~(l~;a!,~s, que d'autres In(lmbres, ll, ~.},'alIlb!lssllde\lr~1fa.,'I, repr~sentant de la J0l'dSllIe. ft M, l'alIllla!ls~\lr Ramani, repr~sentant ~elal\1alaisie, ~l\1'l'alIl~!l!l: sadeur de Beus. reprl'>Sen~tge,s P\lya...Bas. et,ll M. l'ambassadeur Velazquez, -reprlisentillltd~l'YI.}l.. guay, qui sillgent ici aujourd'hui comme -nouveaux membres du Conseil. Tousontd~lll repr~lMln~leur pays avec distinction aux Natlons,Unles etilsc.saur()nt sans aucun doute, comme Iefont prhagerleurspremillres d~clarations.mettre leur exp6rlenceetl6JIrs talents au service du Conseil.< qalIlb~a·.and of the progress of political development which. culminated in self-government in 1963 and full independllnce in February of this year. This peaceful and orderly attainment of freedom is a tribute both to the resolute exertions of the Gambian leaders and to the far-sightedness of the former administering Power. 99. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Jawara, whose qualities as a statesman and an administrator are widely recognized, the Gambia should be able to look to the future with confidence. The United Nations should, I· think, for its part render such assistance as may be needed to enhance the Gambia's economic viability. As far as the United Nations is concerned, all Member States, large and small, are equal in weight and importance. I am sure that a small country, in its resolution to uphold and defend the principles of the United Nations Charter, is just as capable of maldng valuable contributions to the world community as any other Member State. 100.. My delegation therefore supports the Gambia's application and will vote for the draft resolution now before the Council.

The Netherlands delegation is happy to express its full agreement with the admission of the Gambia as a Member of the United Nations. I may in this connexion mention that the Netherlands Government has, with greatpleasure, by Royal Decree of 2 March 1965, officially recognized the State of the Gambia, a recognition which Is being communicated to the Government of the Gambia through the normal diplomatic channels. 102. The Gambia's membership in theUnitedNations will constitute another symptom of that tremendous movement towards independence of Mrlca which we have witnessed In the last few years. For someone who has had the privilege of participating in United Nations activities In theearliestyears ofits existence, this Is probably the greatest change which has taken place since 1945. Nowhere, I believe, has this been expressed more olearly and more sucoinotly than In a book ,"~itten by a well-known African statesman whom w" oj, know and respect, and who is now the President of the nineteenth session of the General Assembly. Bacause he says it so succinctly, I should like to quote several sentencesfrom what Mr. Quaison- Saokey wrote a few years ago in his book called Africa Unbound. These sentences are very much to the point today: "It has become so fashionable to speak of Africa and the African point of view in the United Nations that it Is often forgotten that as recently as June 1945, when the Charter of the United Nations was signed, Africa was still the forgotten continent.' Le representant du Royaume-Uni a t'voqul> la longue association de son pays avec la Gamble et nous a dl>- crlt Ie processus de dl>veloppement polltlque qui a aboutl II l'autonomle interne en 1963 et II la pleine Indt'pendance en ft'vrier dernler. L'accession sl palsible et sl ordonnl>e de la Gamble ll. l'lndt'pendance fait honneur ll. la fols aux dlrlgeants gamblens, qui ant tl>molgnl> de leur dl>termination, et ll. I'anclenne puissance adminlstrante, qui a su etre clalrvoyante. 99. Sous ·la direction de son premier mlnlstre, M. Jawara. dont lea qualltlls d'administrateuretd'homme d'Etat sont bien connues, la Gamble doit pouvoir envisager l'avenlr avec conflance. Les Nations Unles devront de leur c8tt', l'en suls convaincu, lui fournir l'asslstance dont elle pourra avolr besoln pour consolider son llconomle. Aux Nations Unles. tous les Etats Membres, petits ou grands, ant Ie meme polds et la meme Importance. Je auls certain qu'un petit pays rllsolu ll. soutenir et ll. dl>fendre les prlncipes de la Charte des Nations Unies est tout aussl capable qu'aucun autre Etat Membre d'apporter une contribution prllcleuse ll. la communautll mondiale. 100. Ma dllillgation appule donc la demande d'admissian de la Gamble et elle votera pour Ie projet de rlisolutlon dont Ie ConseU est saisi. 101. M. DE BEUS (Pays-B~s) (tradult de l'anglatsj: La dllillgation nllerlandaise est heureusede dire qu'elle est entlllrement en faveur de l'admlsslonde laGamble aux Nations Unies. Je puis signaler ll. cet llgard que, par dllcret royal du 2 mars 1965, Ie Gouvernement nlierlandais a eu Ie pialsir de reconnartre offlclellement l'Etat de Gamble, ce dont Ie Gouvernement gambien a lltli Informli par la vole dii>lomatique. 102. L'admission de Ia Gambie aux Nations Unies va constltuer une nouvelle illustration de la puissancedu mouvement d1limanclpation de l'Afrlque, dont nous avons lltll tlimoins ces dernillres annl>es. Pour qui a partlcip~ depuis Ie dl>but aux activitlis de l'Organisatlon des Nations Unies, c'est Ill. peut-!lire Ie plus grand changement Intervenu depuls 1945. Nulle part, le crols, cette idlie n'a ~tli exprimlie avec plus de clartll et de concision que dans un ouvrage de l'Africain si llminent et sl respectli qui est prllsldent de la dlx-neuvillme session de l'AssembMe glinllrale. Prllclsliment parce que cette Idlle y estexprimliede fa~on sl concise, j'aimerals clter quell[Ues phrases du livre que M, QUaison-Sackey a ~crlt il y a quelques annl>es et qui a pourtitre Africa Unbound, des phrases qui sont aUlourd'hui trlls ll. propos: "11 est tant ll. la mode maintenant de parler de l'Afrique et des weS des Afrlcalns aux Nations Unles qu'on oublle souvent qu'en luln 1945, quand la Charte des Nations Unies a lltll signlie, l'Afri'l',e litait encore Ie continent oUblili." . 103. In actual fact, happily, as we all know, the developmmt has been far more rapid and we can now say that the admission of the independent States of Mrica has greatly contributed to make the United Nations a truly universal Organization embracing all continents. 104. In these days, when we are approaching the twentieth annivarsary of the United Nations-and we hear a certain amount of pessimism about what it migllt come to-it is perhaps useful to remind ourselves of the facts I have just mentioned, at the moment when we are about to welcome a new Mrican country in our midst. because these facts prove how the United Nations has in fact developed far more rapidly and widely than its authors antiCipated twenty years ago. 105. My country rejoices in the continued development towards independence in Africa, which ie nOW approaching its final phase. Ae a country located far from Mrica, but with close ties with that continent throughout history, ties which have been revitalized in our present day, we extend the handof welcome to I this new Member and we promise to give it our sup- I port in order that the maximum in stability and pros- . perity may be achieved by the newly awakened con- I tinent of Mrica. I 106. It is in this spirit that my delegation heartily supports the application of the Gambia for membership in the United Nations and will vote for the draft resolution now before us.

Mr. President, I shOuld like to begin by associating myself with your cordial words of welcome to our new COlleagues, the representatives of Uruguay, Jordan, Malaysia and the Netherlands. 108. The Bolivian delegation. which respects the Gambian's people's right of self-determination and honours the four sponsoring members of the Security Council. will vote in favour of the draft resolution, Which recommends to the General Assembly the admission of Gambia to membership of the .United Nations. 109. It gives the Bolivian delegll.tionparticularsatisfactiOn to associate itself with this most Imporlant act in the life of the young Stateof the Gambia.

First of all the Soviet delegation woUld like, in its turn, to welcome the new members of the Security Council, elected at the nineteenth session of the General Assembly, and to express confidence that they will make their contribution to the Security Counoil's extremely responsible and complex work for the maintenance of international peace and security. probl~me, il. leurs futurs petits-emants.· 103. Comme nous sa.vons, 1'6volution a.l:it6heur!"use.., ment beaucoup plus rapide, et il est possiblede,~re maintenant que I'admission des nouveaux Etats ind6- pendants d'Afrique a beaucoup contribu6 11. falre des Nations Unies une organisation mondiale vraiment universelle. 104. En ces jours oil. nous approchons du vingtillme annlversalre de notre organisation et oil· un certain pessimisme se manifeste quant 11. son avenir, II est sans doute bon que nous nous souvenions de ces faits. au moment 011 nous nous apprlltons ll. accuelllir parmi nous un nouveau pays africain, car ces faits prouvent que l'Organisation s'est d6veloP~ll bea~lloup plus rapidement et compilltement que ses fondateurs ne I'avaient pr6vu il y a 20 ans. . 105. Mon pays se r6jouit de voir se pourvuivre Ie mouvement d'indl!pendance de l'Afrlque, qui approche malntenant de so. phase finale. En tant que pays situ€! loin de l'Afrique mals ayant avec ~l1e depulS tr~s longtemps des liens I!troits qui se trouvent,aujoUrd'hul remorOOs, nous accueillerons chaleureusemE\nt. Ie nouvel Etat Membre et lui accoraerons tout notre appui, afin que Ie nouveau continent africain qui s'6veille puisse connaitre 1a plus grande stabillt€l et la plus grande prosp6ritl! possibles. 106. C'est dans cet esprit que ma dl!16gation appuie avec grand plaisir 10. demande d'admissiondelaGambie allX Nations Unies et votera pour Ie projet de r6s01ution dont nous sommes saisis. 107. M. ORTIZ SANZ (Bolivie) ltraduitde l'espagnol): Monsieur Ie pr€lsident, je m'associe tout d'abord aux paroles de cordiale bienvenue que vans avez adressOOs 11. nos nouveaux collilgues, les repr6senlants de l'Uruguay, de Ill. Jordanie, de Ill. Malaisleetdes Pays- Bas. 108. La dl!16gation bollvienne, respectueuse du droit du peuple de Gambie il. l'autod6termination et se f611- citant de I'initlatlve qu'ont prise quatre membres du Conseil de sEcurit€l. votera pour I'adoption du projet de r€lsolutlon qui tend ll. recommander ll.l'Assembl€le g6nl!rale d'admettre Ill. Gambie comme Membre.des Nations Unies. 109. La d61Egation bollvienne (lprouveraune satlafat:.;; tion partleulillre ll. s'associer 11. cet acte. qui est d'une si grande importance pOllr Ie Jenne Etat de Gambie. 110. M. FEDORENKO (Union des Rl!publiques socialistes sovi13tiques) [tradult du russe):Ason t()ur, Ill. d6113gation de l'Union sovl6tique $ouhalte la blenvenue aux nouveaux membres du Conseil de~13ourit€l que l'Assembll!e g6nl!rale 11 I!lus 11. sa dix-neuvlllme sesslon~ Elle est convaincue que ces nouveailxmembres contribueront aux travaux sl importants et sivarll!s 11. la fois' du Consell de sl!curitl! visant amaintenir 10. paix et la s6curit€linternatlonales. ' 112. May I also, on behalf of the Soviet delegation, express satisfaction at the business-likeco-operation which all members of the Security Council have had with the representatives of the CzechoslovakSocialist Republic, Morocco, Brazil and Norway. 113. At the. same time, the Soviet delegation cannot but express deep regret that the socialist countries of Eastern Europe have now been deprived of their representative in the Security Council. The Security Council seat which by right belongs to the socialist countries is being unlawfully occupied by Malaysia. This is all the more an intolerable injustice and a violation of existing understandings in that Malaysia, in its present form, is the outcome of neo-colonlalist policy.in South-East Asia•. It is obvious to every objective person that the unlawful occupation by Malaysia of the seat belonging to the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic cannot in any way contl'ibute to the strengthening of the Security Council. 114. The Security Council has before it today a letter from Mr. Jawara, the Prime Minister of the Gambia, a new African State, requesting the admission of the Gambia to membership in the United Nations. I refer to document S/6197 and the declarationbytheGovernment of the Gambia to the effect that the Gambia accepts the obligations contained in the Charter of the United Nations and solemnly undertakes to fulfil them. 115. In welcoming the birth of a new independent State, the Soviet delegation expresses satisfaction that on 18 February 1965 yet another step was taken in the victorious march of Africa towards the restoration of its freedom and of its independence from colOnial foreign domination. H6. The African peoples, in a historically short period of time, have travelled the. long road from an Africa fettered by colonial chains to the Africa which today occupies a worthy place in the family of continents. However, every new success. on this road serves to remind us that the process of decolonlzation of the African continent is not complete, and that a stubborn struggle still lies ahead before thepeoples of Angola, Mozambique, so-called Portuguese Guinea, Southern Rhodesia, South West Africa, the Spanish colonies, BechuSllllland, Swaziland and Basutoland,the Republic of South Africa and other colonialterritories I~es, M. l'ambassadeur Velazquez, de l'Uruguay, M. l'ambassadeur de Bans, des Pays-Bas, et M. l'ambassadeur Rlfa'i, de la Jordanle, ne reprl!senteront pas seulement leur pays, mais Us seront aussl souvent appell!s 11. exprlmer les vues du groupe auque1 Us appartiennent. 11 est l!vident, par exemple, que M. l'ambassadeur Rifa'i,ce diplomate l!minent et expl!rimentl!, reprl!sente au Conseil de recurltl! 1es nombreux pays du monde arabe. 112. Permettez-moi aussi de dire toute la satisfaction que la dl!ll!gation de l'Union sovil!tique al!prouvl!e devant la collaboration constructive qui s'l!talt instaurl!e entre tous les membres du Conseil de recurltl! et les reprl!sentants de la Rl!publique socialiste tcbl!- coslovaque, du Maroc. du Brl!sil et de la Norrege. 113. En mllme temps, la dl!ll!gation de l'Union sovil!- tique ne peutmanquerde manifester sonprofondregret de ce que les pays sociallstes d'Europe orientale n'alent plus de reprl!sentant au Conseil de sl!curltl!. La place qui, au Conseil de sl!curitl!, revient de droit aux pays sociallstes est occupl!e illl!gaiement par la Malalsie. Cette Injustice et cetteviolationdesaccords l!tablls sont d'autant plus inadmissibles que la Malaisie, sons sa forme actuelle, est une cr~ation cJAi la politique nl!o-colonlaliste dans I'Asie duSUll-Est. 11 est l!vident pour quiconque fait preuve d'objectivitl! que Ie fait que laMaiaisie occupeilll!galementIe siege qui revlent II. la Rl!publique socialiste tchl!coslovaque ne saurait contribuer 11. renforcerl'autoriteduConsell de sl!curitl!. 114. La Conseil de sl!curitl! est salsi aujourd'hui d'une communication du Premier Ministred'unnouvel Etat africain, M. Jawara, demandant que son pays, la Gambie, soit admis ll. l'OrganisationdesNations Unles [S/61971. et d'une dl!claration du Gouvernement de la Gambie indlquant que ce pays accepte les obligations de la Charta des Nations Unies et s'engage solennellement ll. les remplir. 115. En saluant la naissance d'un nouvel Etat indl!- pendant, la dlill!gation de l'Union sovil!tique constate avec satisfaction que, Ie 18 fl!vrier 1965, un nouveau pas a litl! franch! dans la marche victorieuse de l'Afrique vers Ie retablissementde salibertl!etde son indlipendance vis-il.-vis de la domination coloniale l!tran~re. 116. En un temps qui du point de vue de 1'h1stolre est relativement bref, les peuples africalns olii parcoum un long chemin. Nagu~re, l'Afrique etalt enchafnl!e par Ie colonialisme; aUjourd'hui, elle occupe une place honorable dans la famille des continents. Toutefois, chaque nouveau succlls dans cette voie vient nous rappeler que Ie processus de dl!colonisation du continent africain n'est pas encore achevl!, qu'il faut encore lutter oplnilitrement pour que les peuples de l'Angola, du Mozambique, de laGuinl!edlte portugaise, de la Rhodl!sie du Sud, du Sud-OUest africain, des colonies espagnoles, du Betchonanaland, 117. As "erpinent sons of Africa have repeatedly stressed, the process of freeing the African contine; ~ from colonial domination will not come to an end so long as a Single inch of African soil remains under foreign domination. 118. Obviously, the Gambia's acquisition of independence is of particular importance. first and foremost for the people of tJuit country itself. The national liberation movement on the African continent is not only a process in breadth-that is, towards the acquisition· of independence by more and more new States which were formerly colonies-but also a process in depth. Whereby the independence ofpeoples that have freed themselves from colonial oppression is strengthened. 119. Political independence alone does not do away with all problems, nor does iteliminate allthe baneful consequences of centuries of colonial domination. It does, however, create conditions under which the peoples of lands that only recently were colonial territories can themselves decide how their young countries shall in future develop. It creates real opportunities for all-round development. 120. The great task before the people of the Gambia was referred to by Prime Minister Jawara in his statement of 18 February 1965. when he said: "The people of my country are happy that henceforth it is indepondent and free. The country faces important economic tasks-the development ofagriculture, and the improvement of the life of the people." 121. On the day when the Gambia attained independence, the Soviet Union and its peoples greeted the people and Government of that country. In a ('able from Aleksei Nikolaevich Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. to Mr. Jawara. Prime Minister of the Gambia, it was stated in particular: uThe Union of Soviet SociaUst Republics. being a sincere and consistent supporter of the principle of the self-determination and independence of peoples. solemnly proclaims its recognition of the Gambia as an independent and sovereign state. and expresses readiness to establish diplomatic relations and to exchange diplomatic representatives with it. The peoples of the Soviet Union wish the people of the Gambia, now embarking on the building of a new life, success in strengthening its young and independent State. May I express the hOpe that relations between the Gambia and the Soviet Union will develop in a spirit of friendship and co-operation. in the interests of both countries and of peace throughout the world." 122. The Soviet delegation likewise congratulates the people and Government of the Gambia on the attainment of independence, and declares that it supports the application of the Gambia for membership In the 117. Comme 1'ont soulign6 plus d'unefoisd'6mlnents fils de I'Afrique. Ie processusde lIMration do continent africain du joug colonial ne sera pas ,ac qu'un ponce de terre africaine resterasous tioD ~traDgllre. " . " ,. ,. 118. 11 va sans dire que l'accession de cia Gambie ftc 1'ind6pendance rev~tune Importance partlculillre, surtolit pour les popUlations de ce pays. Le mouvement de lIMration natlonale du continent africalnne s'6tend pas seulement en surface. pa!.'" l'accesslon ftc1'lnd6- pendance de nouveaux Etats qui ~talent" auparavant des colonies, mais il va aussl en profondeur. renfor<;ant l'ind~endance des peuples qui ont secou6 Ie joug colonial. 119. L'lnd~pendance polltique ne suffit pas 11 elle seule 11 r6soudre tous les probillmes ni 11 fatre dtsparaftre toutes les cons~quencesnl!fastesd'unedomlnation coloniale qui a dur6 des sillcles. Cependant. l'lnd~pendance politique cr6e les conditions n6cessalres pour que Ie peuple m~me d'un pays qui hier encore ~talt une colonie d6clde du futur d6veloppement du jeune Etat. Elle donne la possibUit6 concrllte d'un dl!veloppement harmonieux. 120. Dans sa d6claratlon du 18 f6vrler 1965, Ie Premier Mlnlstre de la Gambie, M. Jawar"a. a ~voqu~ les Immenses taches qui attendent Ie peuplede ce pays en ces termes: "Le penple de mon pays est heureux d'~tre~sor­ mals lIbre et Ind~pendant. Mon pays dolt malntenant entreprendre des taches ~conomiquesImportantes: Ie dl!veloppement de l'agriculture et Ie reillvement du nlveau de vie de la population." 121. Le jour oil. la Gamble a accM~ 11 h,ld~pendance, l'Unlon sovi~tlque et ses peuples ont saln~ Ie peuple et Ie Gouvernement de Ill. Gambie. Dans Ie ~ll!gramme quIll a adre':s~ i\. M. Jawara. premier mlnlstre de la Gambie, M. Kossyguine. pr6sldent du ConseU des mlnistres de l'URSS. dlsalt notamment: "L'Union des Rl!publiques socialistes sovi6tlques, partisan slncllre et resolu de 1'appllcatlon du principe de 1'autod6tern.ination et de l'tnd6pendancedes peuples, declare solennellement reconnaftre Ill.Gall)- ble comme Etat ind6pendant et souverain et se ~­ clare disposee 11 ~tabllraveclaGambied~llrelati()lllJ diplomatiques et i\. procl!der i\. un~change de.rep~llb sentants diplomatiques. Les· peuples de /1''lJ~~ sovI~tlque souhaitent au peuple de lll.Gatt1bl(!"i~lf moment oil. Ii commence une vie nouvelle.pleltt succ1!s dans la tiiche qui conslste 11 conlJ(JlIder/()C jeune Etat independant. Le Gouvernement de l'U!1ion sovi6tlque exprime 1'espoirque les relations entr~la Gamble et 1'Union sovil!tique se d~yeloppe~()Iltdans un esprit d'amlti6 etde coop6rationdans Illnt~l:'~tdes deux pays ainsi que de la palx du monde entler.". 122. F611cltant 11 son tour Ie peuple et1(!g,?...ye~ne­ ment de la Gambie de leur accession i\.l'lnd~n.dlIn.ce. la d616gatton de 1'Union sovi6t1que d6clarequ'(!l1e appule Ill. demande d'admisslon de ce pays i\.I'Organi- 1~. n.e S<met delegation does not insist on colise- ~ ~t1on. subject. of course, to the usual ~asto prooedure. 1M. n.e PRESIDENT (translated from French): I bl!.ve SO mon lIl~rs on my list. I siIltll therefore to the vote the draft resolution [S/6226) submitted IV~ CQast. Jordan. Malaysia and the United of Great Britain aM Northern Ireland. A ~ _ ~ by slow ol1wlds. Dill dmJt f'eI!O~ _ adapted fJlllJlIimously.!/ 125. The l'ImSIDENT (translated from French): I _ Iithe noor to the representative of Malaysia, wlJ>i) _ uIlM to speak in exercise of his right of reply. 1.. Mr. RAMAN! (Malaysia): I regret exceedingly _ ~ty tiIltt compels me to tske the floor once apia. Iblllily IWf an hour ago. in speaking abOut the <Ambla. I said tiIltt the Security Council normally IIUlU Ia atmol!pl1eres of conflict, but tiIltt today there w_ SO -mot aM we were gathered on a happy ~fi_. Withm thirty minutes my prophecy was fllls>fied and, in terms of Security Council activity, I have become a poer prophet; tiIltt, I sbOlild have lm.own in the presence of the company tiIltt we have in _ security Council. 12'!'. That the represSlltative of the Soviet Uniondoes IWt wie to welcome Malaysia to occupy its seat in the security Cooncil is well understood and I allow !lim. the pleasure ill the thought that he can feel that way. But then lle went on to say that tb' right to this seat MS that of Czechoslovakia and that Malaysia was unlawfully occupying tbe seat of Czechoslovakia. 128. Aput from Malaysis.'s having been elected to the IIeat according to the well-known procedures provided in Article 23 of the Charter. I wish to remind !lim. that Malaysia was elected not once. but twice. to Ws seat in. tba Security COIIDCU. We were elected on 1 November 1963 when, by consent of Czechoslovakia Md by its concurrence, Czechoslovakia agreed to taIte the first year of this tenure. The Czechoslovak representantatlve himself went up to the rostrum of the Assembly and said that he wOlild resign on 31 December 1964. and for the vacancy thus created Malaysia wOlild be the sole candidate.JiI And so it came to pass that, in December 1964, after the nineteenth session started on its duties. another election by the process of consultation took placeandMalaysla apin obtained the necessary majority of votes.21 Therefore. I wish to remind. very respectfully the representative of the Soviet Union that even though we were elected for hslf a term we were so elected on tWo cccasions. 129. Now I wish to refe],' to one last matter. The representative of the Soviet Union mentioned this !/.see reooludott 200 (1965). §I see 0fflda1 RBcords <If the General Assembly, Elgltteen<b Sesslcll, 1'1....,. Mo«!!!p, 1254tb m-.s, para. 7. Y 11li<!.. _ 5essloo, Pieoary Meetlnp.13l3tbmeeUDg,paras, 4amd5. nestprocetM au vote a main levee. A l'unanimiM. Ie projet de resolution est adopteY. 125. Le PRESIDENT: Je donne la parole au repr~­ sentant de la Malaisie. qui d6slre exercer son droit de r~ponse. 126. M. RAMAN! (Malaisie) [traduit de l'anglais): Je regrette beaucoup d'avoir II reprendre la parole.IIy a l peine une demi-heure, en parlant de la Gambie, j'ai dit que Ie Consell de s~curit/; se r~unissaitIe plus souvent dans une atmosphllre de discorde, mais que tel n'~tait pas Ie cas aujourd'hui, ear nous nous litions r6unis en une heureuse ciroonstance. Enmoins de trente minutes. cette observation trop optimiste que je n'aurais pas dO. faire s'est trouvoo d~mentie. C'est ce que j'aurais dO. pr6volr. connaissantcertains des membres du Conseil. 127. Je comprends que Ie repr6sentant de l'Union sovilitique ne veuille paS souhaiter la bienvenue II la Malaisie au moment oil elle commence h oocuper son ei~ au Coneell de s6curitf: et jladmets que teUe soit son attitude. Mais il a dit ensuite que c'6tait h la Tchlicoelovaquie que ce sitlge revenait de droit et que la Malaisie l'occupait ill6galement. 128. outre que la Malaisie a 616 6lue 11 ce si~ge conforml\ment lila procMure pr6vue ll'Article 23de la Chsrte. je me permets de lui rappeler que ce n'est pas une fois. mais deux fois, que la Malaisie a 6t~ l\lue II ce sillge au Conseil de sl\CI1rlt~. Nous y avons ~t/; 6lus dlls Ie leI' novembre 1963, date lliaquelle la TcMcoslovaqule a accep16 de n'occuper ce sillge que la premillre annl\e. Le repr6sentant de la TcMcoslovaqule est montl\ II la tribune de l'Assembl~eet a dit qu'il d~missionneraitIe 31 d~cembre 1964et que la Malaisie serait alors Ie seul candidat au sillge devenu vacantJil. C'est ainsi, par cons~quent. qu'en d~cembre 1964, aprlls Ie d6but de la dix-neuvillme session de l'Assembl6e, une autre 6lection a eu lieu par voie de consultation et que la Mala!sie a de nouveau obtenu la majorit6 n6cessaire2l• Je tiens .donc II rappeler trlls respectueusement au reprl\sentant de l'Union sovi6tique que, si nous n'avons 6t6 6lus II ce sillge que pour la moitil\ d'un mandat. DOUS y avons 616 ~lus deux fois. 129. Je voudrais aussi faire une deuxi~me observation. Le repr6sentant de l'Union sovi6tique a parl6 ~ Voir ~oludon 200 (1965). JiI Voir DocumentS om.lela da i'Aaaembloo generale, dix·huid~me session, 5e7mc:es plenU!:rUo 1254:&ne seance, par. 7.

I give the floor to the representative oftheSoviet Union to exercise his right of reply.

The remarks of the representative of Malaysia do not and cannot in any way detract froIIl. the validity and rightfulness of the considerations put forward by us a short time ago. Of course, in this situation. the only course left open to him is to justify himself. 132. We consider it necessary to reaffirm everything said by the Soviet delegation, both with regard to Malaysia itself and in connexion with the unlawful occupation by Malaysia of the Security Council seat Which by right and by law belongs to the socialist countries.

Our proceedings for this afternoon are now concluded. The Security Council will meet again at 3 p.m. on Wednesday, 17 March, to deal with the question of Cyprus. The meeting rose at 5.25 p.m. 130. Le PRESIDENT: Je donne Ia parole au repr6- sentant de PUnion sovi§t1que pour I'exercice de son droit de r(iponse. 131. M. FEDORENKO (Union des R§pubUques socialistes sovi§tiques) [traduit du russel: Les remarques que vient de faire Ie repr6sentant de Ia Malaisie De modiftent et ne sauraient modifier en rien la justesse et Ie bien-fond~ des o1)servatiollsquenousavonsfaitea il y a quelques instants. Vu la situation, 6v1demment, 11 ne peut qu'essayer de se justifier. 132. Pour notre part, nous estlmons devoir confirmer n. nouveau tout ce que la dlll6gation a l'Unlon sovi6- tique a d6i~ d6clar6tantence qui concerne Ia Malaisie elle-mAme que Ie sil!ge que ce pays occupe ill6galement au ConseU de siiourit6 et qui revient de droit aux pays socialistes. 133. Le PRESIDENT: Ainsi se terminenotrediibatde cet apr~s-midi. Le Congeil de s~urit6 se r6unira Ie mercredi 17 mars n. 15 heures pour s'occuper de la question de Chypre. La seance est levee a17 h 25. HOW TO OBTAIN UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS United Nations publications may be obtained from bookstores and distributors throughout the world. Consult your bookstore or write to: United Nations, Sales Section, New York or Geneva. COMMENT SE PROCURER LES PUBLICATIONS DES NATIONS UNIES Les publications des Nations Unies sont en vente dans les librairies et les agences depositaires du monde entier. Informez-vous aupres de vofre librairie au adressez.vous a: Nations Unies, Section des ventes, New York au Geneve. COMO CONSEGUIR PUBLICACIONES DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS Las publicaciones de !as Naciones Unidas estan en vento en Iibrerias y casas distribuidoros en todas partes del mundo. Consulte a su librero a dirljase a: Naciones Unidas, Seccian de Ventas, Nueva York a Ginebra.