S/PV.1196 Security Council

In a letter dated 1 May 1965 ami circulated as document S/6316,l/the Permanent Representative of Cuba to the United Nations has requested that he be invlted to participate wlthout vote in the discussion of the question on the agenda. If 1 hear no objection, I shall invite the representative of Cuba to take a Seat at the Councll table.

1 thlnk it is interesting to bote that Cuba has asked for permission to speak to the Council in regard to this item on the agenda relating totheDomlnlcanRepublic, and we should bs glad to hear the Cuban represenmtive emlaln his country’s role in this matter. 3. Thls. 1 would remind tbe Commil, is the same Cuba which conspired with the Soviet Union to introduce into this hemisphere long-range ballistic missiles which were trained on the cities of the North and South American continents. This is the Cuba wblch stands charged wlth aggression by the Organization of American States and which because of that a ession was excluded from participation in the OAS and later tut off from diplomatie relations wlth the othermembers of that organization. 5. Too long, perhaps, have we pretended that these things canuot be, that modern nations would not wish to interfere in the domestic concerns of others. But round the world we see this aggressive communist intervention carried on under the anomalous title of “freedom fighters”. 6. 1 sbould like to remind the Council that this matter in being aiscussed at the request of the Soviet Union, and now the commuuist Covernment of Cuba bas requested to participate in the discussion. My delegation finds this combination extremely interesting, and it emphasizes again the close relationship between the communist movement and what is going on in the Domlnican Republic today, If the Castro Covernment feels it is SO olosely associated wlth the problem, it might be very useful to bave lt explain its part in this unbappy situation. We have no objection to seating tbe Cuban Government at this table for the discussion this afternoon.

If there are no comments from any other member of the Council, 1 shall declare the representative of Cuba invited to take a seat at the Council table. Af fhe iavifafioa of fhe Presidenf, Mr. Atvarez Tabfo (Cuba) fwl: a place af fbe Couacil fable.

This item was put on the agenda of the Council in response to a request made on 1 May 1965 by the representative of the USSR, asklng for the Counoil to be convened urgently to consider the question of the armed interference of the Unlted States in the internai sffairs of the Dominican Republic: thls request is to be found in document S/6316.2/ In addition, the representative of the USSR has also requasted the circtdation of a statement by TASS as a Council document. This has been done and that statement is contained in document S/6317.a 9. 1 should Iike to draw the attention of the representatives to a number of other communications which have also been received in connexion wlth this question. First. there is a letter dated 29 April 1966 from the Permanent Representative of the Unlted States that has been circulated as document S/631O.g There are also three communications from the Organizatlon of American States, dated respeo’tively 29 and30April and 1 May: these have been circulated in documents S/6313, S/6315 and S/6319.- Lastly. there is a letter dated 30 April 1965 from the Permanent Representative of Cuba: this letter is contained in document S/6314.3 10. Mr. FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): Mr. President, 3-0 12. The Security Council has before it an act of open aggression. United States imperialism is dealing barbarously wlth the people of a sovereign country who have risen against a bloody dictatorship. 13. Already, tn the last few days, 14,000 United States troops have been put ashore on the territory of the Dominican Republic. The City of Santa Domingo bas to a11 intents and purposes been taken over by the United States occupation troops. The operations of tbe d States land forces are being supported by the United States Air Force, and by a squadron of the United States Navy lying off the shores of the Dominican Republic. 14. These are the hard fa& which today are known to all world opinion, facts of which the members of the Security Council are aware. 15. This new act of aggression by United States imperialism-military intervention in the Dominican Repuhlic-is. like the acts of the colonialists in the past, being engaged in on the outworn. false pretext of “protecting American livesv. It is self-evldent that the invasion of the Dominican Republic by United States Marines and paratroop units constitutes nothing other than an act of direct aggression against the people of that small country, flagrant armedinterventien in its domestic affairs, and yet another attempt to maintain in power a reactionary, anti-popular dictatorsbip which suits the purposes of aforeiguPower. the United States of America. It is an attempt to suppress, by the force of fore@ bayonets, the desire of the Dominican people for freedom and independence. 16. The completely bypocritical pretext of a need “to protect American lives”, of a mission said to be dictated by “humée” motives, is in no way new. But this sanctlmonious hypccrisy will deceive no one. If on the first day of the Unlted States military intervention in the Dominioan Republic there could still be fouad a feW nafve people who could believe the barefaced lies about protecting United States citizens in 6ku1t.o Domingo, no one now cari harbour the slightest doubt as to the real intentions of United States imperialism. Iv. FirSt, as we know, on 28 April, hy order of the Pen@on. 405 United States marines invaded the terri- 18. On 29 April, with the approval of the White House, additionaI soldier s-not hundreds but thousands of soldiers-were sent to the Dominican Republic-to be exact, 1.700 marines and 2,500 paratroopers. And this actually happened after the question had arisen of convening the Security Council to consider the question of the armed interference by the United States of America in the affiars of the Dominican Republic. The United States sent a iûrther 2.000 soldiers to that country. Such was the cynical reply of the United States of America to the raising of the question in the Council. Again on 2 May and today, 3 May, a few thousand more United States soldiers bave beenlanded on the shores of that sovereign country. At the present time, as we have already pointed out, there are 14,000 United States soldiers-a whole invading army-on the territory of the Dominican Republic. 18. Blanche, plus Il s’agissait et de 2 500 éléments demandée fins des rieures ont enyoyé a été la rbaction devant l’ordre 19. Do not a11 these facts completely shatter the false thesis about the mission “to protect Americanlives”? But scarcely has a11 this taken place when the United States representative himself-who here has tried to bs “wiser than his eiders”-has the audacity to describe the bloody battles, in whioh regular units of the United States Army and kIarines have engaged the patriotic forces of the Dominican Republic, as a mission to “save the lives of United States citizens”. It must be added that the Unitsd Staies soldiery employed heavy armour and even tanks. That is the actual aspect of the so-called Qescue mission”. But the question arises: whom are the UnitedStates interventionists saving with the help of tanks and heavy armour? It is clear that they are saving a bloody and rotten regime, hated by the people of the Dominican Republic. who have risen with weapons in their hands against the reactionary dictatorship of the militarists, 20. History is full of examples of colonialists using false pretexts to commit monstrous atrocities against the peoples of countries wbich they have lnvaded. 21. Did not the world only recently witness how, on the same cynical pretext of a so-called”humanitarian mission to save the lives offoreigners”, theycommitted brazen armed intervention in the domestic affairs of the long-suffering Congo in order to suppress the struggle of the patriotic forces of that countryfighting for the liberation of their native land? This criminal action by the for-es of colonialism and imperialism rightly met with universal indignation and with condemnation by the peoples of the world. 22. Where, we might ask. were the United States “champions of humanitarianism”, shamelessly speoulating on the meaning of humaniiy? Wbere were they 23. Yet after all this the imperialists dare once more to expntiate on their so-ealled humanitarian motives, on their attempts “to save the lives of United States citizens’ in the Dominican Republic. Now, in the Dominican Republic too. they are ruthlessly exterminating the local population: it is they who are shooting Dominican patriots, they who bave unleashed a new and bloody massacre in that aountry. 24. Strictly speaking. the United States itself bas officially admitted the groundlessness of its false arguments about a rescue mission and, with extreme cynicism and frankness. has recognised the fact that the Uuited States armed invasion of the territory of the Dominican Republic was undertaken in order to preserve a r6gime acceptable to the United States. The V&ite House no longer makes any secret of the hct tbat the Americans are nurturing plans to keep United States troops in the Dominican Republic even after ‘order has been restored” in the country. Already, once again, the holy bogey of anti-communism bas been dragged out. as it always is by United States propagsnda whenever imperialist forces commit a flagrant outrage which cari in no way be justified. And even today, before we had time to begin our dlscus- Sion of the question on the agenda, the United States representative could net contain himself but tried to expatiate on the same haclmeyed notion of a tbreat by communist forces. You are in too much of a hurry, Sir. You must show more self-restraint. Do net show your hand too soon, do not expose it too openly. 25. The officiai statements which are being made on this subject themselves serve as striking proof Of the faot that United States imperialism has committed a monstrous crime against the psople of the Dominican Republic and is guilty of undisguised aggression and intervention in the domestic affairs Of a small Latin American couutry. 25. AH this bears witness to the fact that Unitsd States militarism tries again and again to oonduot itself in Latin America-and not only in that areaas if it was in its own private domain. The United States of Amerioa gives itself the Wght” to undertake punitive military action against national liberatiOn movements. It decides when and where it should act as judgs and assume the shameful role of executtoner. USiUg as a caver the dirty and thoroughly dishonest pretext of “the need to restore law and order” 27. By engaging in this criminal invasion of the territory of another country with the aim of interfering in its domestic affairs. the United States is flagrandy violating the United Nations Charter and in particular the provisions of Article 2, paragraph4, which reads: “Al1 Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial iutegrity or political independence of any state. or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the UnitedNations.” The Uuited States has also violated Article 2, paragraph 7, of the United Nations Charter, which categorically forbids intervention in the domestic affairs of States. 28. It is quite obvious that the United Ststes is again, on this occasion, trying to use the OAS for its imperialisi and interventionist purposes, But what kind of an Organisation of American States cari we speak of after United States armed forces, in accordance with the law of the jungle and by the “right” of the strong, bave intervened on Dominican soi1 in order to suppress a rising of the people? According to the statement made by President Bosch on 2 May 1965 on television in New York, the armed intervention of United States troops in the Dominican Republic rased to the ground and demolished the very concept of that orgsnisation. It should indeed be said that, by using the OAS for its own ends. the Unlted States has even gune SO far as to violate that organisation’s very charter, article 17 of which reads: “The territory of a State is inviolable; it may not be the abject, even temporarily. of military occupation or of other measures of force taken by another State, directly or indirectly, on any gzounds whatever.. . v 29. And after ail this. the United States tries to create the appearance of a legal basis for its intervention by saying that it has taken this action in aocordance with agreements and with the obligations it has assumed. What a monstrous fraud! 30. The international Press testifies to the faot that in the Organisation of American States itself voioes are heard in protest against the American policy of dictation and coercion. It is also well known that the Uuited States, in sending its troops to the Dominican Republio, did not even bother to ascertain heforehand the opinion of members of the OAS. It presented the whole of that organisation with a fait accompli, convening the Council of the OAS only after United 32. Support by the United States of an order hatetul to the Domfnican people is in complete accordance with the interests of United States monopolies. which are counting, with the assistance of the dictatorial régrme in the Dominican Rapublic. on drawing even greater profits from their investments inthat ccuntry. Total United States fnvestments in the Dominican Republic now amount to $llC million. Among tirlargest United States monopolies holding the wealth of this Latin American country in their mortal grip are such ill-famed ones as the United Fruit Company, which was the main force behind the reactionary coup in Guatemala in 1954; the Alumfnum Company of America, which derives large earnings from Dominican bauxite: the South Puerto Rico. Sugar Compaqy, which obtains its profits from sugar-oane plantations, and others. Thus, as The Wall Street Journal franhly puts it, United States companies “bave a stahev in the Dominican Republic. 33. The real aims of the gross United States armed interference in the domestic affairs of the Dominican Republic are these: to impose on the Dominican people, from outside, a régime hateiirl to them; to supprer s patriotic forces in the country fighting for its inde-ndence: and to ensure maximum profits for the United States monopolies. 34. One cannot fail to see that, in prooeeding to armed intervention in the Dominican Republic. the United Skates imperialists are treading a path already well worn by them. As early as July 1950. the State Department published a long list of occasions on whicb the United St&%, under various pretexts. had used its land and marine forces on fore@ territory in psacetime. The list shows that in the period from 1812 to 1932 alone the United States engagedin armed intervention against other States eighty-five times, uslng a wide varie@ of excuses. The United States intervened. for instance, “to prote& American lffev, to demand apologies “for insult to the flag”, “to punish natives for the murder of a wbite mari”, “to restore order”, “to aid in evacuationv, and even “to extinguish fire on Anerican propertyn. In short, the United States ha6 not disdained any pretext-even the most ludiorous-in order to achieve, each time, a single purpose: the landing of its troops in one 36. Su& a V.ervice recmdw of crimes CO Uniteci States soldiery agdst tke cari ayouse in ail kcmest people no condemnation. 37. Alli peace-loving forces must ke particukdy wat&ful becawe of tke very fa& tkat the United States kas recently seen fit once more to a pra@tice of flagrant coercion and piracy. Tk ch-des in tke United States, in tkeir stru@e tke forces of national liberation, are more and more fzrequentJy resorti to armed interference in the affairs of otker coudries. Recently tkere kas been a succession of such acts of a ssion on tkeir part. 38. United Skates armed forces, sent tkausands of miles from tkeir own skores, are expanding armed intervention in Soutk Viet-Nam. They are snbjectfng tke territory of a sovereign State, tke Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam, to barbarie bombardment. They are carrying ont piratical raids on tke towns and villages of Laos. 39. lemkers of the Security Cmmcil aho well remember k~w only a few montks ago tke Couacil was considering tke question’ of aew aggressive action by tke United States and Belgium in tke Congo, as a result of whick tkousands of Congolese lest their lives. 4% As for tke latest crimes of tke American soldiery in Latin America, membe?s of the Secnrity Cou&l will ako recall that Little more tkan a year ago tke CounciP was ctealing witk tke question of aggressionby United States armed forces agaiast Panama, wkickresulted in tke loss of many lives and in tke massacre of Panamanian patriots fighting in defence of tkeir oowtry’s sovereighLtg. 41. Provocations on tke part of United States imperialisln against tke RepublicofCubacontinue. These provocations constitute a serious tbreat to peace and security. Ever since the first days of tke victory of tke Cuban resolution tke United States has been committing a wkole z:eries of hostile a&. one after tke otker, agaainst the Repnblic of Cuba. Tke organization of the piratical attack on Cuba by bands of mercenaries in April 1961, tke inkuman economic blockade, tka contir;ued landing of groups of mercenaries on Cuba, the provwations from the UnitedStates military 42. The new aggressive action by the United Statesthe intervention of American armed forces in the Dominican Republic-is therefore not merely one more link in this shameful chain of crimes by United States imperialism against the world and humanity. This aggression signifies that the UnitedStates is restoring on a large scale to the use of its armed forces for flagrant interference in the domestic affairs of Latin American States. 43, In this connexion it is particularly noteworthy that United States aggression against the Dominican Republic was preceded by large-scale military manœuvres. which were carried out by American armed forces from 9 to 11 April last near Vieques Island. Participating in these manoeuvres, which went by the code-name “Quick Kick ‘7”. were twenty-two ships of the United States Navy, more than 160 United States military aircraft and about 10,000 United States Marines, pilots and sailors. Even at tbat time the American Press, and, in particular. The Wall Street Journal, was saying that the experience gained during these manœuvres could be useful “if the United States has to rush to the aid of any friendly Government in the Caribbean”. 44. Today, units of the United States armed forces which took part in those manœuvres or, more accurately, in that rehearsal for United States intervention in Latin America-in particular the aircraftcurier Boxer-are participating in the American aggression unleashed against the territory of the Dominican Republic. In these circumstances, the alarm and anxiety felt by otber Latin AmerioanStates at the landingof the United States Marines in tbis small country is fully understandable. The MexicanMinister for External Relations is reportedinthe Press to have expressed his distress at the action, which, he said, “stirs such painful memories in various countries of the hemisphere”. 45. The armed interference by the Uuited States in the domestic affairs of the Dominican Republic constitutes military aggression, an openly arbitrary act. and a violation both of the elementary rules of international law and of the United Nations Charter. The attempts of the United States Government to assume the role of ruler of the destinies ofpeoples, to dictate its Will to them and to deal summarily with national Uberation movements cannot be tolerated. Al1 who omà of Ehe Uoited States in aroused in tbe peoples a. 1t is well lmown that s have expressed tbeir action of tbe United 47. According to the P passed a resolution deman~mg the immediate with- Utited states trwps from tbe territory of 48. Press reports state tbat tbe President of Venezuela made an officiai protest against tbelanding of United States Roops in the Dominican Republic. act violating the merican States in The Venezuelan ously passed a resolu- President’s protest and pressing of United States forces. 4% As Stated in tbe Press. the President of Chlle declared, in reply to tbe President of Venezuela. tbat be was in full nt withthe latter% position. 7%~ Cbileara repr e in the OAS bas demanded tbat tbe United States sbould withdraw its troops from tbe Dominican RepubIic. 50. Tbe representative of Colombia stated that tbe Dominican people itself, ami only the Dominicau people, sbould decide the fate of its country. The Uruguayan representative in the OAS stressed that the situation in tbe Dominican Republic-tbe interna1 evants there-in no way threatened the security of any other Latin American country. Ne said that he bad been authorized by his Govermnent to reject any attempts at interference in the domestic affairs of the Dominican Republic. 51. TheSe legitimate demands by Latin American States cannot be passed over by the Security Council. The Couacil oaanot remain indiffereat to an act of armed interference bytheUnitedStateSinthedomestic affairs of auother sovereign State. The United States a eSSion against the Dominican Republic is fraught Witb the most serious consequences for thepreservatien of peace and international security. It is oue of the Iinks in the cbain of United gtates imperialist 52. The Soviet delegation considers that in the present situation the Security Council must condemu the armed interference by the United States in the domestic affairs of the Domlnican Republic as a breach of international peaoe and as an action incompatible wlth the obligations assumed hy the States under the Unlted Nations Charter. and must call upon the United States Government to withdraw its forces from the territory of the Dominlcan Republic immediately. The Security Couacil must fulfil its duty and tbe obligations placed uponit hy the United Nations Charter. 53. Without creating a precedent, 1 would ask that consecutive interpretation into the other European languages be dispensed with.

We bave heard from the representative of the Soviet Union about the Congo, about Viet-Nam, about Panama and about Cuba: we have even had some comments about Alabama and American business. 1 must say tbat after the recent experience we have hadin United Nations bodies with Soviet polemics, reminiscent of. the days of Stalin and Vyshlnsky. 1 am not surprised that tbe Soviet Union ha6 again used a United Nations bcdy-this tlle the Security Council-to dlgress into a whole catalogue of complalnts about UnitedStates resistance to communlst expansion or assistance to those resisting aggression. 55. 1 used to marvel at the audacity of the Soviet Union in pointing an acousing finger at others-the Soviet Union, which signed a pact wlth Hitler, whlch forcibly added 264,000 square miles and over 24 million people to its own territory and population in the sftermath of the Second World War, which subjugated a11 of Eastern Europe. which crushed the uprisings in East Germany and Hungary and which has persistently sought to enlarge lts domination elsewhere beyond its border% 56. Wben one hears, as we did tbis morning. the Soviet Union, which has politically enslaved more people than any nation in this century, attack the good faith, the sincerity and the honesty of the Government of the United Kingdom, which has politically liberated more people than any nation in this century. one geta the measure of the Soviet cynical disdain for fact or fairness in the pursuit of its goals. Thus, when there are difficulties in the Western Hemisphere in wblch the United States is in any way involved, We know from experience that the Soviet Union Will issue a loud ancl self-righmous blast accusing the United 57. Of course, the Soviet Union hnows perfectly well tbat tbe Western Nemisphere bas an active and effective regianal ‘sation. the OAS, to whfoh the vernment also hnows that tbe OAS has for the Security Couacil, wher bers of tbe United Nations are quite familiar witb tbese tactics and witb the traditional charges that tbey always involve. You Will remember similar be Unitecl States 1 believe s to eajoy same Will agents of oiting and mg over a democratic revolutio s they did in Cuba and as tbey bave tried and are trying to do in Venezuela and in otber. countries of the region. That be objective in the Domiuican Republic is from tbe very eageraess of the Soviet Union ba to exploit tbe present ambigaous situation in tbe Security Council before the full facts about this desperate strihe for a Communist take-over in the Dominioan Republic becomes more obvious. 59. I do not propose here CO review in great detail tbe history of the Dominican Republio over the past five years or to spsculate at any length on the origins or tbe political motivations of the mixed forces which bave lad to a state of anarohy in that uafortunate country. Nowever, 1 do believe that it is relevant to our discussion to recall that the people of the Dominican Repubfic have suffered from constant turmoil and politioal conflict following in the wake of the long and tyrannical reign of the former dictator. Trujillo. 60. R is also relevant to recall that the final overtbrow of that régime was brought about in part by the action of tbe OAS in adopting diplomatie sanctions against the Trujillo dictatorsbip. At that time, and 61. After tbe last remnants of the Trujillo régime had departed and the Council of State was established. my Government, in conjunction with the Organization of American States, assisted in the preparation of an electoral code, made available information sud procedures on the mechanics of elections and, finally. again in conjunction with the OAS, observed the actual elections. the first free elections held inthe Dominican Republic in over thirty years. Botb prior to and following those elections my Government has pursued extensive efforts to build a stable and free sociew capable of economic, social and political development. Let there be no doubt in anybody’s mind of my Governrnent’s devotion to the cause of representative government in the American republics. 62. The members of this Cou&l know well the instabilily which often follows the end of authoritarian r6glmes and the difficulties of a people unfamiliar witb the practices of democracy in establisbing effective govermned. The Soviet Union itself has had some experience with the difficulties of transferring power without public participation aud approval. 63. About a week ago the instability which ha6 plagued the Domimcan Republic since the fa11 of the Trujillo r6gïme erupted and the officia& who had governed there for a year and a balf were violently forced out. Rival groups strove to capture power: fighting broke out between them aad among them; and the Dominican Republic was left without effective government for some days. As the situation deteriorated, certain of the contending forces indiscriminately distributed weapons to civilians; armed bauds began to roam the streets of Santo Domingo, looting, burning and sniping; law and order completely broke down. The Embassies of Mexico, Guatemala, Peru, Ecuador and the Untted States were violated and the Embassy of El Salvador burned. 64. The great majority of those who joined in this ‘insurgent cause in the Dominioan Republic are net Commuuists. In partioular, my Government bas never believed that the PRD-the Domintcan Revolutionary Party, led by President Bosch-is an extremist party. United States co-operation with Presidet Bosch and bis Government during his tenure following the ouster of President Trujillo speaks for itself. But, whfle the PRD planned and during its first hours led the revolutionary movement against the Government of Reid Cabral, a small group of well-known Communists, consistent with their usual tactics, quickly attempted to seize control of the revolution and of the armed bands in the streets. Quite clearly this group was acting in conformity wîth directives issued by a Communist conference that met inHavana in late 1964 and printed in PravdaonlS January 1965. These directives called for assistance and continuing Tbis deliberate effort to promote subversion overthrow Governments in flagrant violation of norms of international conduot is responsible for much of the unrest in’tbe Caribbean area. 66, In tbe face of uncontrollable violence, the Government wbich had replacsd the Reid Cabra1 Government tiso qtickly orumbled in a few days. Many of its leaders. and a&0 otbers from the initial leadership of tbe revdt agahast the Reid Cabral Goverament, ah0 SO t asylum. 67. In the absence of any govermnental autbority law enf0rcement and military officials ur Embas bat tbe situation was comment could no longer give a tbe safety of Americans or of me thirty otber countrie United States Embassy was toll in the city. accordïng to bad reached 400; bcspitals were unable to tare for tbe wounded; medical supplies were parer supply had brohen dom and a tbreatened. 68. Faced wihh tbat emergency. tbe tbreat to the Rves of its citisens, and a request for assistance from those Domimcan authorities still struggling to maintain order, tbe United States on 28 April dispatcbed the first of the security forces that we bave sent to the island. Since their arrival, nearly 3.000 foreign nationals from thirty countries have been evacuated without 10s~. although a number of tbe United States military personnel bave been hilled Or unded. We bave made a full report to tbe Or sation of American States; we have successfully evaouated some 2,000 Americans and ahout 1,000 psrsons of other nationalities; we bave established tbe secure zone of refugs called for by the OAS; we bave supported the dispatch by the OAS of the Committee wbicb is at present in Santo Domingo; we bave proposed that other American States make milimry forces available to assist in oarrying out the mission of that Committee and the OAS is considering sucb a resolution this afternoon. 69. TO refresh your recollection of last week’s events. let me remind the Council of the sequence. 71. At the same tlme my Government notlfied the President of the Security Council of the action that it had tsken to evacuate citizens of foreign nationality and to set in motion the machinery of the Organizatlon of American States. 72. The Council of theOASmetonThursday, 29 April, and as a first step called for animmediate cesse-fire on all sides, and then addressed an appeal to the Papal NUUQ~O in Santo Domingo, requesting bim to use bis good offices to help effect a cesse-fire anda return to peace. 73. The Conncil of the OAS continued in session and, in the early heurs of 30 April. took a second action urgently calling upon a11 parties “to pursue immediately all possible means by wbich a cesse-fire may be established and a11 hostillties and military operations suspended in order to prevent any further traglc loss of life “. By the same resolution, the OAS Counoil decided: “TO make an urgent appeal to the.same authoritles, political groupings and forces on all sides to permit the immedlate establishment of an international neutral zone of refuge. encompassing the geographlc area of the City of Santa Domingo immediately surrouuding the embassies of foreign governments. the inviolability of whlch Will be respected by 811 opposing forces wlthin which nations of a11 countries Will be given safe haven.’ 74. At the same time, on the initiative of the representative of Venezuela, an urgent meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the Organization of American States was called for 1 May to consider what further measures should be taken to restore peace to the Domlnican Republic. 75. The Security Council was immediately informed by the OAS of a11 these actions, in accordance with Article 54 of the Charter of the United Nations. In accordance with the OAS resolution of 30 April, United States forces in the Dominican Republic have now established, as 1 said. a safety zone. As I have said, 3,000 persons bave now been evacuated, representing some thirty countries. including fourteen countries of tbis hemisphere; more than 5,000 percons. 1,500 of whom are American. and others of foreign nationalities are still awaiting evacuation. 76. These evacuations continue and efforts are belng made to secure the safety of some 5,000 people who sre awaitlng evacuation. including1,009Amerioan 77. The Council of tbe OAS. on tbe afternoon of 30 April. took anotber step. It dispatcbed tbe Secretary General of tbat organization. Dr. José Mors. to the Dominican Republic. fie departed on Saturday and is now worhing with the Papal Nuncio and otbers to restore order. 78. On Saturday tbe OAS again convened as ameeting of consultation tbe Ministers of Foreign Affairs. Thfs time it dispatched a five-member committee composed of Argentina. Brazil. Colombia, Guat@mala and Panama “to go fmmediately to tbe City of Santo Domingo, to do everytbing possible to obtam reestablisbment of peace and normal conditions”. Tbe Committee was directed to give priority to two tas&: in tbe first place Rto offer its good offices to tbe Dominican armed groups and political groups and to tbe diplomatie representatives for tbe purpose of obtaining urgently: (i) a cesse-fire; and (ii) the orderly evacuation of persans who bave tahen asylum in diplomatie missions and of a11 foreign citizens who desire to leave theDominicanRepublic”;andsecondly, %o investigate all aspects of tbe current situation in the Dominican Republic that led to the convocation of this Meeting”. This Committee, the members of the Council may be interested to hnow, is now actively at worh in the Dominican Republic. 79. The members are no doubt aware that as a result of tbese repeated appeals a cesse-fire was first agreed to-on tbe initiative of tbe Papal Nunciolate in the afternoon of 30 Aprii by tbe military leaders and by some of. the leaders of the opposition forces, and on 1 May it was also signed by Colonel Camafio, their most authoritative leader. Although the leaders of the opposition forces declare that tbey no longer control many elements which are still shwting in and around Santo Domingo. this agreement began to tahe effect among the organised forces Saturday and Sunday. and tbe situation in the City was mucb improved by yesterday afternoon. 69. HoweVer, lawlessness and disorder bave by no means been eliminated. It bas become _.. .>v that communist leaders, many trained in Cuba, bave taken inCreaSing control of what was initially a democratic movement, and many of the original leaders of the rebellion, the followers of President Bosch, haVe teken refuge in foreign embassies. 81. The American nations Will not permit the estabjishment of another communist government in the Western hemisphere. This was the unanimous view of a11 the American nations when in January 1962 they declared. “The principles of communism are incompatible with the prinoiples of the inter-American system”. This is, and this Will be. the common action and the common purpose of the democratic forces of 82. At the ssme tlme, we bave increased our own forces in the light of the urgency of tbe situation. The OAS Committee now in the Dominican Republic has called for the urgent shipment of more food and medical supplies to be made available to the Secretary General of the OAS, and the organization adopted a resolution to that effect just this morning. The United States Will respond promptly. 83. The OAS has bcfore it today. 1 repeat, a resolutien which would request Governments of the American States that are capable of doing SO to mske available to the OAS contingents of their military. naval or air forces, to assist in carrying out the Committee’s mission. The same resolution would also provide for the Meeting of Consultation to continue in session in order to take the necessary steps to facilitate the prompt restoration of constitutional government in the Dominican Republic and the withdrawal of fore@ forces. 84. In this connexion, 1 should llke to reaffirm the statement made by Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker, representing the Unlted States, in the OAS meeting on Saturday. He said: “My Government regrets that there was no inter- American force available to respond to the request of the authorities and the needs of the people of the Dominican Republic. and for tbe protection of the lives and the safety of other nationals. And my Government would welcome the constitution of such a force as soon as possible.” 85. The efforts of the Organisation of American States to deal wlth this tragic crisis in the Dominican Republic bave been carefully considered, prudent and reasonable actions. Heroic efforts to end the bloodshed by cesse-firebave been made by the Papal Nuncio. The Secretary General of the OAS is in the island contributing his prestige and abilities to this effort. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights is also in Santo Domingo and funotioning actively. 86. In the face of these energetio and productive steps. the Soviet effort to exploit the anarchy in the Dominican Republic for its own ends is regrettable, if famtliar. 87. My delegation welcomes the discussion in the Security Council of this situation in the Dominican Republic. Members of the Council are well aware. however, that Article 33 of the UnitedNations Charter states that efforts should be made to find solutions to disputes first of all by peaceful means, including “resort to regional agencies or arrangements”. This, of course, does not derogate from the authority of this Council. It merely prescribes the prootidures and priorities envisaged by the authors Of the two charters, the Charter of the United Nations and that regional problems. Tbe Coumil recognizes the desirabiity of encouraghg regÏonal efforts V and I may e of tbis Council in the abilities of ions to deal with their own prohustified by the blstorical r.ecord. 89. In closiug E sh&d like to make two tbings quite clear. First. the United States Government has no intention of seeking to dlctate the political future of the Dominicau Republic. We believe tbat tbe Dominican people. under the establis.bed principle of selfnation, should Select tbeir owu government free elections. It is not our intention to immilitary junta or any otber goveroment. Our lies in tbe re-establishment of constitutional vernment sud, to that eud. to assist in maintaining tbe stability essential to tbe expression of tbe free choice of the Dominican people. This intent is in full tbe basic democratic tenets of the of American States and tba inter- Stern, tke charter of which calls for tbe maintenance of systems of political organization R~n tbe basis of the effective exercise of representative democh3cyn. 90. Tbe United States intends to continue to work with the OAS in assisting tbe Dominican people to return a peaceful and orderly evolution in tbis small republic which bas suffered SO long from tyranny and civil stsife. 91. Secondly. as President Johnson bas emphasized, the United States Will never depart from its commitment to the preservation of the right of all of the free people of this hemisphere to choose their own course wlthout falllng prey to international conspiracy from any quarter. Cur goal in the Dominican Roppublic is tbe goal wbich bas been expressed again a again in the treaties and agreements which mske up the fabric of the inter-American system. It is that tbe people of tbat country must be permitted freely to choose the path of political demacracy, social justice and economic progress. Neither the United States nor any nation cari want or permit a return to tbat brutal and offensive despotism whicb eai%ed the condemnation and punishment of this bemispbere and of a11 civilized humanity. We intend to carry on the struggle against tyranny, no matter in wbat ideology it closks itself. Tms 1s our mutual 93. Let me also make clear tbat we support no Si”gle man or single group of men in the Domimcan Republic. Our goal is a simple one: we are there to save the lives of our people and to save the lives of all people. Our goal, in keeping wlth the principles of the American system, is to help prevent another communlst State in thls hemisphere. and we should llke to do this without bloodshed or without largescale fighting. 94. The form and the nature of a free Dominican Government, 1 assure you, is solely a matter for the Dominican People. But we do know wbat kind of government we hope to see in the Dominican Yovernment, for that is carefully spelled out in the treaties and agreements which make up the fabric of the entire inter-American system. It is expressed time and again in the words of our statesmen and the values and hopes which bind us a11 togsther. We hope to see a government freely chose” by the Will of a11 the people. We hope to see a government working’every heur of every day feedlng the hungry. educating the ignorant, healing the sick, a government whose only concern is the progress, the elevation and the welfare of a11 the people of that country. 95. Mi-. ALVAREZ TABIO (Cuba) (translated from Spanish): The Unlted States representative, wlth an innocent air that reminds us of his notorious lies at the tlme of the bombardments prior to the mercenary attacks’ at Playa Gir6n. was klnd enough in his first statement to wonder why the Revolutionary Government of Cuba had asked to bs heard by this Council. 1 shall be glad to answer hls question in order ts dispel the doubts which seem to bave arisen in bis mind. 96. The Revolutlonary Government of Cuba felt tbat it was its unavoidable duty to appear before thls international tribunal to denounce to tbis Organisation and to world opinion one of the most criminal and shameful acts of this Century and to request the condemnation of the Government of the United States of America, which bears sole responsibility for that act. 97. My Government feels that the Security Council cannot ignore the monstrous fact of the invasion of tbe Dominican Republlc and the subsequent mllitary occupation of that country. With that conviction, we urge this high organ to discharge its important dutles by taking appropriate action and adopting measures to condemn that act and to prevent the Consommation of its very serious consequences. 99. Once again the United States Government, stick in band, is assuming tire despicable and officious role of policeman of the Caribbean area. Once agafn it is trying to combine tbe “big stick” policy witb bypocritical Messianlsm. in order to present intervention as a bumanitarian gesture and slaughte-- as an act of ~~~t~o~y. 100. Tbe note dated 3OApril1965 [S/6314] addressed to tbe Secretary-General by the Minister for External Relations of my cauntry stated: “On tbe false pretext that troops were Leingfanded in the Dominican Republic solely for the purpose Of saviug tbe lives of United States citizens. theunited States Covernment invaded tbat country with forces numbering more than 4.000 men. and the arrival of additional invading units is reported. In explaining tbese actions. the United States Covernment attempted to distort tbe truc cbaracter of the rebel movement in tbe Dominican Republic; even though rbe charactsr falsely attributed to tbis movement by the United States Governmenl would not justify the invasion of and armed intervention against a sovereign nation, tbese actions provide further proof of the United States Government’s criminal policy of aggression. of imperialist intervention in the internai affafrs of other countries. of complete disrespect for tbe sovereignty and independence of States and for the rigbt of peoples to self-determination. and, consequently. of constant disregard and contempt for the international principtes wbtch justify the existence of the United Nations.” 101. Seldom bas the criminal essence of United State imperialism been SO clearly revealed: its contempt for world opinion. its rejection of the most fundamental standards of coexistence among peoples and respect for national sovereignty. and its deliberate disregard of the precepts and principles of international law. 102. Tbe eVentS whichhavc occurredin theDominican Republic during tbe last few days speakfor themselves. On 24 April the Santo Domingo radio announced at 2 P.m. tkat the Covernment of the “goriRas” had been overtbrown and congratulated “the young officers of the armed forces who bad co-operated in winning freedomv. A few shots were fired in the capital but the Situation was said to be normal. Ear!y in the afteraoon. however. the Government denied tha.t a mflftary coup had taken place. At the same time, it ordered a curfew througbout the country and introduced intensive patrolling of the streets of the City. 104. In the meantime, warships of the United States fleEt were sighted near the toast of Santo Domingo. An aircraft carrier, the U.S.S. Boxer. with 1,000 marines, two transports and a destroyer approaohed the Dominican Republic. The first clashes between the various contending military factions began to occur. Air Force planes strafed the main rebel strongholds and the environs of the National Palace, in an attempt to impose the establisbment of a military jmita tbat had seized power by force. The Navy, for its part, announced that it supported the rebels. 165. Among the vgorllla” officers was General Atila Luna, who seemed to be the principal point of contact of the Central Intelligence Agency and the overtbrovm Dominican Government with the Cuban counterrevolutionaries led by Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo, who were operating from the base at Puma Presidente. The leader of the vgorillas” was General Elfas Wessin y Wessin, Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, the organizer of the military coup which overtbrew Juan Bosch in September 1963 and said to be the confidential agent of the United States military mission in Santo Domingo. 106. The same day, 25 April. the revolutionary movement of the Young officers asked former President Juan Bosch to return to the country and assume the Presidency of the Republic. As the heurs went by. the clashes between the different forces became more numerous; barricades were thrown up in tbe streets; the Navy took up combat positions, while aircraft bombed aiid strafed the City indiscriminately in support of the Qorillas”. 107. On 26 April it was announced that “reliable sourcesn in Washington bad stated thzt the United States warships that were standing off the toast would land at Santa Domingo that night to evacuate United States oitisens. The State Department confirmed tbat there were United States warships in the territorial waters of the Dominican Republic, alleging that they vhappened” to be in the area when tbe uprising began. Heavy figbting, with artillery participating, took place at the Duarte bridge, in the suburbs of the Dominioan capital, while the Santo Domingo radio appealed to the people to go to the bridge and defend it in support of the uprising. The cbief Press officer of the State Department stated 108. On 27 April a meeting was held in the United bassy in Santa Domingo. attended by José lina. tbe President installed by the rebels. en officers. and also by representatives of osch forces. At that meeting it was agreed tbe latter wotid form amilitary junta-apparently headed by Gene& Wessin y Wessin-whiohwouldhold elections within tbree montbs. The United States Embassy thns beosme the centre of negotiations. Some of the rebel soldiers cbanged their attitudeandagreed to negotiate. since the Umted States Embassy bad intemened officially in tbe situation. Meanwhile. serious chsbes continued to mcur. since many civilians and rebel soldiers refused to lay down tbeir arms. The “gmiUa” troops succesckd in crossing tbe Duarte bridge bot were contained. 10% Tbe Navy. wbich bad previously supported the rebel forces, bolding the baiance between the contending factions, changed its position-obviously because of the United States participation through its warships and the United States Embassy-and began sbemiing tbe City on the pretext tbat the rebel troops were refusing to negotiate. At the same time, it was said tbat a thousand United States citizens bad been evacuated by United States warsbips from the port of Haina and that tbe Wnited States Government was hastening to convene a meeting of the Council of the Organisation of American States. 110. On 28 April, President Johnson ordered direct intervention in the Dominican Republic by tbe United States marines and. in an aunouncement broadcast by radio and television, alfeged tbat he had been requested to do SO by tbe authorities of the Dominican Republic. Be coufirmed that 400 United States marines had landed. A spokesman for tbe State Department bad stated that the situation in Santa Domingo was deterioratmg. .ince the rebeis. Bosch% supporters. had rnllkl and were in control of part of the City. 111. Clearly, the reason for this intervention was the withdrawal of Wessin’s troops, which were forced to retreat in the fac? of stubhorn resistence and to abandon tbe capital. Two bours after the announcement that United States troops had landed inSantoDomingo, it was reported that the United States and Venezuela wouid ask for an emergency meeting of the Organizatien of American States to consider the situation. The telegram stated tbat Latin American Ambassadors in Washington were completely unaware of the United States reasons for direct intervention in the Dominican Republic. 112. Tbe State Department amrounced later that the situation in the Dominican Republic seemed “to be growing worse”. In fact. the “gorillav troops had apparently been repulsed on ail sides and were unable to assume control of the capital despite the brutal 114. On 29 April. seven Dominican citizens were killed by United States marines posted around the United States Embassy in Santo Domingo. That night. because of the stubborn resistence of the people and the insurgent officers and because the main stronghold of the “gorillas”. the alrfield at San Isidro, was tbreatened by the defeats inflictedon the “gorillas”. two battalions of the United States 82ndAlrborneDivision. with field equlpment and tanks, were ordered to land at the San Isidro base itself. as a cleardemonstration of United States support for the “gorillas”. Prior to that, United States aircraft coming from Puerto Rico and from the aircraft carrier Boxer had flown in supplies to General Wessin’s troopsathe San Isidro base. 115. On the same day. 29 April. the State Department issued an announcement stating that the 2,500 men making up the‘two battalions would reinforce the 1,700 marines who had begun the occupation of the Dominican Republic forty-eight hours earlier. The United States once again alleged tbat the landings were being made to protect Unitea States residents in Santo Domingo. You Will remember that it had already been announoed that those residents had been evacuated. 116. It was announced on the same day. 29 April, that the Council of the Organisation of American States had adopted a draft resolution, submitted by the United States. requesting the establisbment of a security zone in Santa Domingo whicb would include part of the capital adjacent to the foreign embassies. The Dominican Republlc, Venezuela. Uruguay and Mexico abstained in the vote. The zone was to caver 26 square kilometres, that is to say practically the whole City. which would give Unitecl States troops virtual control of the whole capital and would legalize and consolidate the illegal occupation. The radio controlled by General Wessin asserteù that the marines were in the country to support the anti-constitutionaliste.. In the meantlme, the constitutionalist troops. made up of civilians and mllitary personnel, seemed t0 have the Upper band in the situation. 117. On 30 April, the fortress of Osama. one of the main strongholds of the Dgorillas”. fell into the hands of the constitutionalist forces. As a result the Unlted States prepared to land more troops. The struggle continued to go in favour of the constitutionalists. The Assooiated Press news agency announced that for the II& At the OAS meeting on 1 hiay. the United States prcposed that tbe intervention shculd be internaticnalized and that a security zone shculd be established under the auspices of the OAS. United States trccps once agsin entered into combat wlth the ccnstituticnalist forces. and United States sources admltted tbat tbeir trccps bad suffered more tban thirty casuahies and that two helicopters had been hrcught down by an&-aircraft fire. One dispatch anncnnced that United States paratrocpers were trying to crcss the Duarte bridge in an attempt tc cpen tbe way tc tbe eastero zone of tbe capital and initiate a pincer attach. Morecver, Unlted States trccps fcught alcngside thcse of General Wessln in the battle for tbe ccntrcl of tbe Duarte bridge. United States aircraft ccnthmed tc arrive at the San Isidrc base with military aid for the Qcrilla” trccps. 119. Tbe OAS ccnference. wbich was meeting in Washington, the capital of the aggressor ccuntry. was striving tc find. and eventually succeeded in findiag. an iaterventicnist formula. wbich flagrantly viclates the principle of non-intervention, cae of theprinciples upcn which that very crganizaticn is fcunded. 129. That same day more United States trccps ccntinued tc land in Santc Dcmiagc, as was later anncunced by the State Department and the United States Ambassador tc the OAS. At the ssme time. a Committee was set up by the OAS tc go tc Santc Domingo Early in tbe mcrning of 1 May, it was stated that there had been 300 flights of United States aircraft to Santc Domingo tc land trccps. milltary equlpment and supplies. 121. Yesterday. 2 May.’ new dispatches anncunced tbat in the last few heurs fighting between the ccnstituticnalist forces and United States interventionist trcops had intensified and it was repcrted that casualties had increased on bcth sides. 122. Early in the mcrning. a special OAS mission left for Santc Domingo in an attempt to legalise the United States military occupation. It was ccmpcsed cf tbe representatives of Argentina, Braeil, Cclcmbia. Guatemala and Panama. the five ccuntries which are Perhaps the mcst unccnditicnal supporters of the United States in the whcle continent. The Cclcmbian representativo stated that it was the best way of ccnverting the unilateral action undertaken by the United States intc multllateral action. 123. In Santc Domingo, meaawhile. United States trccps had tahen cver the line of combat frcm Wessin’s soldiers. By then United States trccps in the Republlc amcunted tc 9.500 wlth anctber 2.500 on bcard shlp, sailing for an unhncwn destination, acccrding tC an anncunczment by the Defense Department. On the night of l-2 May. the number of United 124. What is happening in the Dominican Republic iS quite olear. In the face of the impetus of the uprising by the constitutionalist officers and the people, and in the face of the apparent powerlessness of the lackeys of Washington to contain that uprising, Mr. Johnson, in the purest Theodore Roosevelt and Taft tradition, has ordered the landing of contingent after contingent of United States marines andparatroopers. in his radio and television broadcast last night, Mr. Johnson finally admitted what the whole world knew: namely, that the real abject of the UnitedStates intervention is to ensure the establisbment of a régime subservient to the interests of Washington. And he added oynically that he would like to do this without bloodshed. In the meantime Latin American soi1 is once again being trampled by the Yankee invader’s boot. Once again, United States bullets are taking Latin American lives. 125. The United States Government has invoked humanitarian reasons in its attempt to justify its barbarous act of aggression. Presumably they are the same humanitarian reasons as those with wbich it attempted to justify its aggression against the Congo a few months ago. Presumably they are the same humanitarian reasons as those which led it to use poisonous gases against the heroicguerrillafreedom fighters in South Viet-Nam-an act that shocked public opinion throughout the world-and which led it savagely to bomb the territory of the Demooratic Republic of Viet-Nam. 126. Allow me to quote the following extra& from a speech made on 1 May last by Commander Fidel Castro, the Prime Minister of the Revolutionary Government of Cuba, before hundreds of thousands of Cubans assembled in Havana to celebrate MayDay. Fidel Castro said: “The perfidious nature of United States policy has shown itself more clearly than ever before; for sometimes the United States tries to oover up and disguise its aotions as best it cari, but in this case it has really done notbing-and there was absolutely nothing it could have done-to disguise its deeds. The problem of Santo Domingo arose at a time when the’ whole world was profoundly disturbed by United States aggressive actions inSouth-EastAsia, with its barbarous and criminal attacks on the people of North Viet-Nam. its mercenary and criminal war against the people of South Viet-Nam and its attempts to internationalise its aggression there through the participation of South Korean, Australian and other troops sympathetic to its aggressive and criminal plans in Asia. Whib it was proclaiming in South-East Asia that it was committing a11 those outrages in order to defend the sovereignty of South Viet-Nam, that fictitious and artificial republic of its making, it was landing its marines on the territory of a free and sovereign AI%manitarian motives, lndeed! Only a fewmontbs ago, witb those allegedly bumaaitarian motives, the Ualted States. in complicity with its Belglan aIlies. dronped paratroopers in the Congo; aad now it is Ianding marines on Domiaican territory. But let us analyse tbis pretsxt. “In tbe first place. sot ose United States Citizen bad lost his life io the Dominican civil strife whereas hundreds of Domiaicans had. Apart from this, however, what right oan any country have-unless itis tbe rigbt of its guas, tbe right of its warships and military aircraft. the right of its armed forces-t0 land on the territory of another nationon the pretext d protecting the lives aad property of its nationah? According to tbat criterion. tbere is ao sovereignty or independence for aay weah country; in no country of the world has any small people tlte right of sovereignty. For the pretext used by tbe Yankee imperialists for laading in tbe Dominlcan Republic could be used by other nations, too, for landing their troops; the English could land troops to protect the lives and property of tbeir subjects: the French oould land troops to prote& tba lives and prcperty of their citisens; the Italians could land troops to protect tbe Iives and property of their citieens; tbe Japanese could land troops to protect tbe llves and property of tbeir citizens. In short. aay powerful country. any large country, could take upon itself the right to land troops on the territory of any small country ‘in which some of its citizens lived or owned property. Vith that philosophy, wlth that concept of law, with tbat criterion. wbat security or guarantee coald tbere be for any small people? What legality, order or peace coald exist in the world? And yet with nothing but tbat argument, in the second balf of tbe twentieth century, on that feehle pretext whlch is SO untenable, SO unjustifiable from every moral, legal and human point of view. they land their military forces on the territory of an independent nation of tbe American continent. Vet this unjustifiable and unacceptable pretext was nothing more than tbat: it was simplya pretext. aad net only a feeble pretext ‘but a false one. a fabrication. The real reason bebind the landing of tbe troops-forwhlchsucbanuntenable.unacceptable and feeble pretext was advanced-was the desire to save the military reactionaries, to save the Dominicaa ‘gorlllas’, to save the agents of Yanhee lmperialism at a time wben the Dominlcan people were about to settle accounts with them once and for all. FI 128. The Cuban people, too, are famlliar wlth this time-worn pretext of the protection of the llves and property of United States citizens. In 1898 the United States occupation troops snatched from the hands of the Cuban patriots the independence for whlch they had fought SO hard against Spain for more tban tblrty years and which they were about to attain after SO much bloodshed. The Cuban people know how, in 1902, the United States Government forced upon Cuba, at bayonet-point, the infamous Platt amendment, adocument under the terms of which Cuba handed over its independenoe and sovereignty to the mercy and wbims of Washington. As a result. the Cuban people were obliged to suffer armed intervention on their territory in 1906-and Cuba remained under military occupation until 1909-in 1912 and again in 1917. and there were threats of intervention in 1919 and 1933. The recent history of the Cuban people is also one of constant aggressions and provocations committed or supported by the armed forces of the United States. 129. The Domlnican people, who are today writing one of the most heroic and glorious pages of their history. bave had to suffer the tragedyof United States intervention on more thon one occasion. In 1905 the Unlted States took over the customs system of the oountry by force and assumed-also by force-the general administration of a11 the country’s finances. 130. In 1916, following an insurrection in Santa Domingo wblch led to the resignation of the then President, contingents of the United States marines landed in the Dominican capital. The StateDepartment refused to recognise the new president unless he signed a treaty stipulatiag that the United States authorities would control the country’s customs system, treasury, army and police. As the Government refused to accept such humiliating conditions,Captain Knapp. the Commander of the United States troops, declared martial law in November of that year. dissolved the legislature, repudiated the authority Of the Dominican leaders and proclaimed bimself tbe %upreme legislator, judge and executor” in Santo 131. In 1961. as a result of the assassination of tbe dlctator Trujillo aad of tbe crisis whichfollowed. contingents of Unlted States marines landed in the country% capital-allegedly on a holiday visit but wlth the real purpose of guaranteeingthecontiauedexlstenceof the puppet rggime of Balaguer. During the same year. because of the serious domestic situation facing the Goveromeut. the United States sent units of its fleet to Santo Domingo and threatened to lntervene if the situation was net settled ln a way favourable to Unlted States lnterests. 132. In short, Uuited States milltary intervention in Latin America is notblng new; neither is the attempt to bide aggression under the mask of humanitarian action. Tbe belated confession of a United States General, Smedley D. Butler. whiBh appears inbisbook Cormon Sense published in November 1935, is wr>&h quoting as a most strlklng example of the truc nature of United States policy in Latin America. In tbat book General ButIer says: ‘1 bave spent thlrty-three years and four months in active service as a member of the most mobile of a11 tbe military forces of this country. the United States Marines. 1 bave served at a11 levels, from second lieutenant to general. 1 spent most of that tlme carrying out the. functions of a first-class trigear-man for big business, for Wall Street and for the bankers. In a word. 1 was a trigger-man for capitalism. . . . For example. in 1914 I helped to mske Mexico, and particularly Tampico, aa easy prey for United States oil interests. 1 helped to make Haiti and Cuba choice places for the National City Bank to collect income. Between 1909 and 1912 I helped to clean up Nicaragua for the international bankers, Brown Brother?.. In 1916 1 brought light to the Dominican Republic on behalf of United States sugar interests. In 1903 1 helped to ‘pacifyl Wonduras for the benefit of the United Fruit Company and in 1917 1 made it possible for the Standard Oil Company to go ahead in China without being disturbed. . . .” 133. Gnce again hlstory has repeated itself and behind the platonic veil we see clearly the sinister and crlminal act. This time. however, the Marines bave corne up against a people’s determination to resist their criminal intentions to the utmost. “There is no question that Washington is lined up with the three-man military junta, which operates from the San Isidro base aoross the Ozama River from this embattled capital but has no control in Santa Domingo. “The junta thus is ‘an unreal government, whose military forces bave been badly mauled by the rampaglng rebels. In bne sense it owes its existence t0 the United States. which supplied it wlth food and medicine when San Isidro was at a point of collapse earlier this week. “The Johnson Administration bas sent in marine and airborne troops for the avowed purpose of covering the evacuation of Americans and other foreigners and of helping secure peace. But the Administration% attitude shows tbat it also views the junta as a means for ultimately achieving Dominican stability.” 135. Of particular interest is the appeal made by the titular representative of the Dominican Republic, Jo& Antonio Bonllla Atiles, that the Organ of Consultation of the OAS should act wlth the utmost speed in view of the gravity of the situation. Acoording to a Unlted Press International dispatch dated 1 May. he sald that he feared that by the time the OAS committee arrived in hls country the situation would bave developed into a national struggle against the United States forces. 136. The notorious greedof UnltedStates lmperialism compelled the peoples of Latin America toformulate a doctrine of non-intervention, designed to talt the increasing expansionist pollcy of the Washington Government. 137. Tiie efforts of the most outstanding statesmen of Latin America were directed towards demonstrating that the right of intervention cannot be admitted either loglcally or legally, because no right oan be maintained in the face of a greater one: the right of sovereignty is incompatible with the right to violate that sovereignty. It seemed that, thanks to those efforts, the principle of non-intervention was beginning to take root. That was what some na&e people believed on the basis of the results of the Ninth International Conference of American States, held at Bogot6 in 1948, at which the fundamental rights and duties of States were settled and the principle of non-intervention was defined in clear ternis. Experience has shown, however. that the United States joined the OAS for the sole purpose of using it as a legal instrument to carry out its lmperialist activities , sapping and undermining that Organization in order to transform it into nothing but a colonial Ministry of the Washington Government. 138. A reglonal body, established primarily to safeguard the sovereignty and independence of States, is today being used as an instrument to legalize aggres- 139. Once again tbe ~rgan of Consultation of theOAS is meeting in tbe belly of tbe monsteï. nOt for the purpose of condemning tbe aggression committed by tbe United States Ooverament or requestiagthe immediate evacuation of tbe invading troops, whose presence in tbe territory of tbe Dominican Republic violates tbe prmciple of non-intervention clearly laid .down in article 15 of tbe Charter of tbe OAS, according to wbich: RNo State or group of States bas the rigbt to mtervene. directly or ïndirectly. for any reason Wbatever. in tbe interna1 or external affairs Of any other StateA id@. In order to make it easy for tbe crime to be carrieb out. tbe mechanical majority in tbe OAS confines itself to appointing a Committee to investigate wbat everybody already knows: that UnitedStates military forces. in violation of every law and every moral precept. bave invaded the territory of a sovereign State. are trying to crush tbe rebellion of the peoplo of tbat State and are preparing to occupy tbe island indefinitely. Thus they are trampling underfoot the rital principle wbich constitutes the sole reason for the existence of the Orgsnization of Amerioan States. 141. Tbrougbout the entire history of tbe foreign relations of tbe United States. and perbaps of any major imperialist Power. tbere have been few instances of su& arbitrary bebaviour in complete disregard of the principles proclaimed in tbs Charter of tbe United Nations. Once again tbe Oovernment of tbe United States boped that. as in tbe case of Cuba. its unilateral actions against Santo Domingo would in tbe end be supported by its faithful lackeys in the OAS, wbich constitute a solid majority in tbat body. Furthermore. it felt certain that tbat organization wotid give tbe rubber-stamp of legality to tbe barbarous adveuture, whicb could be carried out in the name of tbe “security of the continent” threatened by extracontinental spectres. 142. Tbe imperialists cannot stand by and allow a genuinely popular movement in any Latin American CQmtry to triUmph: as they wish at the same time to tbeir notoriously criminal acts with the mantle bty, tbey convene a meeting of the Organ of ation of tbe OAS, relying in advance on the eftd collaboration of a group of rulers who bave turned their backs on their own people and who deseorate tbs memory of the martyrs and heroes of OUI America. 143. Tbe fear wbicb the imperialists bave of the growing discontent of tbe masses forces tbem to discredit tbe obvious fact tbat revolutions are not imposed from outside but are born and develop as a resub Of the ever-widening gap between the oppressed 144. Once the aggression bas been carried out and tbe principle of non-intervention-the oornerstone Of tbe entire so-called inter-American systemflagrantly violated, then the Orsan of Consultation, far from condemning such aggression and ordering the immediate withdrawal of United States troops fromthe territory of tbe Dominican Republic, confines itself m urging the recently appointed Committee to do all in its power to restore peace. But what peace? It is a peace forcibly imposed by tbe lnvadlng troops, while the Organ of Consultation accepts the fait accompli of the military occupation of a State by foreign forces. 145. The attitude of the OAS ln tbis flagrant case of intervention, aggression and subversion is incontrast witb the attitude taken previously in CostaRica, Punta del Este and tbe earlier meeting in Washington, in wblch it bad no compunction about jolnlng the lmperiallst conspiracy against Cuba. 146. On those occasions tbe Government of the United States sought in vain to find ihe magie formula tbat would legalise tbe aggressions that it was preparlng against tbe Cuban revolution and, by manipulating the interpretation of the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro, managed to organize an anti-Cuban coalition of vgorillasu and henchmen to vote in faveur of sanctions against Cuba. 147. TO the total discredlt of tbe vast majority of Latin American Governments, whose opinion was net requested by tbe United States before it committed aggression and wbich have wltnessedthe unanimous reaction of their peoples angrily condemning the criminal action of tbelr Governments, their representatives in the OAS bave net only had to listen to tbe false.statements made by the United States representative in justification of these facts; tbey bave also had to adopt a shameiül rasolutlon tbat merely endorses the aggression perpetrated and hallows it in the eyes of tbe so-called inter-American system. 148. Wbile Dominicans are dying in the streets of Santa Domingo at tbe hands of the invadlng forces and wblle the marines on a ~humanitarian mission” are advancing in combat formation through the Dominican capital, the OAS is kind enough to think piously of the fate of those who bave tsken refuge in the embassies and of the foreign citisens wlao wish to be evacuated, and bas appointed a committee for tbat purpose. The text of the resolution adopted does net say a single word about the United States intervention; tbere is net a single word of condemnation or even any 149. HI~ short, the Qrganization of American States, after the United States Oovermnent had @ven .the most insolent demmstration of its contempt, lent itself to the mamewre wbicb would allegedly 1egalfr.e Tbe statement made our Prime Minister on 1 May is extremely eral nTn connexion witb these event pened tbat are realbji American Oo-wruments, bave o66urred chat P. Jobkson said that he had order of this order. Et was a when the cwder to land at Santa Domingc t-vas given, no one in the OAS knew aY g about it. According to the United States news agencies themselves. the clelegates of the OAS heard the news that the United States marines had landed in Santa Domingo through the radio and teievision wben Johnson spoke. “It 1s net possible to imagine a worse slap in the face, 2 worse kick, a greater display of insolence and of contempt for ‘&Ose Governments and for the representatives who bave on more thanonecccasion been aC6Omp&eS to tbe arbitraly acts and eti deeds c0mmittee. Vlaey learned of the facts by radio and television but tbere is more to tbe stoîy. AYankee general, tbe Cominander of tbe marines in Saigon, stated several bours before Johnson spoke tbat a marine battalion à landed in Santa Domingo; tbat is CO say, there bad en time to report it. Yet wben the General spoke in Saigon-be apparently made a mistake about the time-tbere had net yet been aay mention of the subject in Washington. The reporters then asked tbe Press Secretary about it and he said no, there were only forty in all. But since the cat was out of the bag and an indiscretion had been comrnitted, they made haste and one or two bours later Johnson hihself ccnfirmed what the Yankee general had sad in Saigon. tbat net one battalion Lüt several “Today, the OAS has met and what did it propose? It proposed to legaliee the intervention: in other words, in order that it should not be a unilateral intervention on the part of the United States, the Governments would agree to internationalise the intervention, and consequently the Yankee troops would not be there as troops of the United States Government but as troops of the OAS. Inother words, what the United States Government is now trying to do by every possible means is toimplicate the other Governments of Latin America in its criminal plans, to stain the hands of those Governments with the blood of this crime and to sanctify and legalise its criminal action. Today pressure is beingexerted on the OAS to agree to internationalise the intervention SO that it Will be a collective venture and net appear to be a unilateral intervention by the United States. ‘%i the meantime, since they could not crush the people, they tried to bring about a truce. And when, according to reports, truce talks had already been held, the United States Government began to say that of course the only autbority it recognized was the authority .of the San Isidro base; in other words, that of General Wessin. Now, when they intervened, they had said that there was no authority in Santc Domingo: that means that even in the middle of the truce they were trying to create conditions in order tc impose the k+,orillas’. It is possible that they may try to disarm the people; it is possible tbat they may try tc get the people to hand over their weapons in the middle of the truce. But what does the Latin American Press tel1 us about the situation today? According~ to reports, the constitutionalist leaders are making the withdrawal of tbe United States troops from Dominican territory a condition for the truce. This point of view does tbe constitutionalist leaders credit. This attitude increases their prestige in the eyes of the wcrld.” 151. In this shameful plot devised to *legslisen the aggression of the United States Government against the Dominican people, attention sbould be draw-n to the praiseworthy attitude displayed by the Government of Chile in asking for the immediate witbdrawal of the United States troops from Santo Domingo. It is certainly net a socialist Government. It is certain@ not a Marxist-Leninist Government. It is only fair to recognize that it was this Government that stated the case most clearly. Its position is the only correct one: there cari be no other alternative, no other formula, for the people would net forgive their respective Governments for legalising the crime. 152. The marines and paratrcopers have not gone to tlae Dominican Republic to fi& a socialist revolutbe fanoy talces it, to anycotmtryofthe Amarican continent. This is the dilemma witb whichalltbe Governrica are faced in respect of their or mt to accepttbe right of interor mttbeyarewlllingto renomme 154. In santo the Governments of Latin America are r bitter fruit of tbe stupid, ible policy wbicb was carried out against Cuba. They are reaping the barvest of tbe severing of relations with our oountry. Today American continent cari appreciate a has defended tbe right of nonotber muntry bas; tbat Cuba bas of independence of tbe peoples of er country has. And it bas dane SO MOt througb any concession on the part of tbe imperidkts, but by vhtue of the integrity, diguity a& people. Cuba alone has ts independent and sove- 155. From the bz@nning of the aggression against Santa Domingo, tbe various spokesmen for the Government of tbe United States-from tbe President down to tbe representative of tbat Government intbis Councilbave tried to find a basis for their revoltingly vacuous arguments in tbe allegation that the constitutionalist movement in Santo Domingo is actingontheinstigation of Cubaa or other agents and tbey bave again played 156. Mr. President, permit me to refer briefly +o those cynical arguments. TO begin with, 1 should like to tel1 the United States representative that no label he may place on the events will justifjf the aggressicn committed and tlrtt none of the fantastic interpretatiens he may give to the struggle of the Dominican pcople Will exonerate his Government from its criminal actions against that people. 157. It is quite true chat in Santa Doming~ elements trained in fc,reign countries are taking increasingcontrol of the situation. But infact those elements are the United States marines and paratroopers trained in military bases in the United States and in the Caribb&n. However, as our Prime Minister also said in the statement that 1 quoted earlier, %ow they are trying to find out wbether there are any Communists among the thousands of people figbting and they are beginning to say that there are Communists among the constitutionalists. It would be very peculiar if they said that there were Communists among the @rilIas*, among the defenders of imperialism, among tbe defenders of Wessin. We ourselves don? know how many Communlsts there are in Santa Domingo. It is possible that there are a few Communists. But there is absolutely no doubt that in a struggle of this kind no Communist would be on the side of the imperialists, on the side of the $orillas’. IIe would fight, since tbat is his revolutionary duty, on the side of the Constitution, on the side of the party which is defending the Constitution, even thougb that pariy may oall itself ‘non-communist’ and may swerp that it wants nothlng to do wlthCommunists.’ 158. The United States Government may try to distort the truth in order to cotise public opinion in this country and to promote anti-communist bysteria and thus justi@ its a ession. What we cannot accept is that the United States representative should try to sooff at tbis Council and tbe representatives here and to administer to ail the same dose of poisonous lies which his Government is in the habit of givingtbe people of the United States. 159. In this the second half of tbe twentieth century, the peoples of tbe world are not prepared to stand by impassively and watch the shameful spectacle of the independence, the territorial integrity and the sovereignty of a nation being trampled underfoot. The mmnimous world repudlation of United States intervention in Santo Domingo should gike the piratical authorities in Washington much fcod for thought when they assess the consequences of thts and any similar policy of lawlessness. But, to use the words of Jo& Martf, the imperialists pause to refIect and yield 166. Never before bave international law and tbe prinoipks of the United Nations Charter been SO grossly flouted. Those standards are qulte obviously sot adequate to protect the privileges for whicb the Unlted States Covernment is fighting. After the events tien place in Santa Domingo, little if mains of the Preamble and C%apter 1 of 161. Cari anyone really the armed invasion of an independent and s State is the method wbich the representatives had in mind when they met in San Francisco vto establisb conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other souroes of international law cari be maintalued~ and “to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom”, as is stated in the third and fourth paragraphs of the Preamble of the Charter? 1s this military presence compatible with the sixtb paragraph of the Preamble, which says tbat %rmed force slnd1 not be us&, save in the common interest”? Wbat interest cari the Dominican peopIe, or the otber peoples of the world, in wbos e the Charter was signed, bave in tbe brutal a sious of imperialism? 162. In Article 1, the Charter speshs of thepurposes of the Uniteà Nations. The first of these is to seeh, tbrough collective measures, to prevent and remove threats to the peace, and to brlng about by peaceful means the settlement of international situations wbich migbt lead to a breacb of the peace. Wbat is the United States’ reply to tbis first purpose? Perhaps unilateral action in place of collective action and tbe use of a hmding forceofmorethan14,OOO men implles tbe peaceful settIement of disputes? 163. Thés is to say nothlng of the violations ofthe second purpose. which is “to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoplesm. Tbe United States aggression is destroying this Purpose Of the United Nations. Perhaps the United States representative is trying to s 8 and the military occupation being phumed are me way Of the United States of developing friendly relations ns hased on respect for the principle of and se&determination of peoples, and of g universal peace. 164. Cari it be tbat tbe thlrd purpose of the Unlted Nations, %o achieve international co-operation in SoIvhig international problems . . . and t3nd encouraging respect for lmman ri fundamental freedoms for alln, is compatible witb the 165. What remalns of the principle of sovereign equality of a11 States enshrined in the Article 2, paragraph 1, of the Charter when, in a shameless confession, the Executive of tiie United States, contradicting earlier statements, considers tbat a mere request from its ambassador in a country gives it tbe authority to order the landing of military forces prepared for action? The same fate hasbeenreserved for the Prlnciples whlch require Member States to refrain from the threat or use of force agalnst the territorial lntegrity or independence of any State, or in any other manuer inconsistent witb tbe purposes of the Charter. The faots here are SO obvious that they need no further explanation, 166. Moreover, slnce tbe Charter, in Article 2, paragraph 7, prohibits the United Nations, whlch is responsible for maintaining international peace and se~urity, from intervening in the domestic matters of Member States, tbe flagrant illegality of the intervention of one of its Members latbeaffairs of anotber is obvlous. 167. In brief, there is nothing in the Principles and Purposes whlch govern this Organisation tbat has been respected by the United States Covernment in the case of the Dominican Republic. It cannot even use its favourite shield of an extended application of the right of indlvldual self-defence whichArticle 51 guarantees to ail Member States and wblch onprevlous occasions it has used as a fig leaf in an attempt to caver up its aggression. It cari mahe no allegations of that nature. 168. The only basis which can sustain the Unlted Nations is unlimited respect for the prlnciple of the sovereign equality of States and of non-intervention in their domestlo matters. If these prlnciples could be vlolated at Will by a great imperialist Power, tben the United Nations would have no reason to exist and would dle unsung as dld its predecessor, the League of Nations. 169. The statement made last night by President Johnson was an intolerable affront to world opinion, to the dlgnity of the peoples of Latin America and to the most elementary decency. In an unholy brew of tbe worst political outpourings ever recorded in tbe bistory of imperialism, lie lied shamefully when he said tbat he had no desire to interfere in the domestic affairs of a sister republic. He lied shamefully when be affirmed that “the Dorninican rebellion was placed in the bands of Communist conspiratorsv. He lied sbamefully wben he said that the purpose of his criminal action was vto prevent tbe establisbment of anotber Cuba in tbls hemlspherew. He lied sbamefully when he said vwe support no single man or any single group of men in tbe Dominlcan Republic”. He lied sbamefully from the beginning to the end of hls despicable statement. The fa& are tbere, like 176. The plicy of blachma& pnrsued by the Government of President Johuson must k stopped by tbe united Nations. The danger it presents is still more evident if we consider that in its growing insolence aunches itselfirresponsibly brutality, wbich may at any a]L conflagration. 171. The Revoktioaary Govermnent of Cuba urges tbe Security Counoil to condemn tbese acts most d to demand tbe immedtate withdrawal of tates military forces, adopting tbe necesares to tbat en& T measures are adopted, tbe Revaluriment and the people of Cuba are %ully convimced tbat tbe Dominicau triump!a, for, as our Prime inister bas satd, ntain the struggle. for tbose d tanks and destroyed tbem the attac? took the fortress rat relax tbeir efforts, tbey *ne way oanother, as they Viet-Namese figbt, or as Venezuelans fight or as the Tbey will continue their struggle, oan crush the will andtbe 173. Tbe PRESIDENT: 1 caU upon the representativo of tbe Soviet Union who wishes to speah in exercise ofbis r 0% reply. 174. r. FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet Sooialist Republics) (translated %mm Russian): Mr. President, the Soviet egation considers it necessary to exercise tbe ri of reply with regard to the inadmissible attachs whicb the representative of the United States made in bis statement a short wbile ago. 175. In reoent times we have often beard United States representatives deliver, in various organs of tbe United Nations, malicious and slanderous attachs upon tbe concept 0% sooialism. tbe principles 0% communism and the international communist movement. 176. We have also frequently beardmalicious attaoks against our socialist country andthepeaceable fore@ policy of the Soviet Union and otber sooialist States. These vile attacks, wbich surpass in cynicism even the fabrications of Goebbels andhfs agents, are merely evidence of the impotent frenzy of tbose defending imperialism infaceoftbeirresistibleprocesswbereby human society is developing towards tbe most democratic and just social order. Nobody Will succeed in suppressing the Will of all tbe world’s peoples to a better future, either by poisonous slander or by force 0% arms. 1’78. The United Rates, naturaIly, is not pleased tbst the Hungarian people gave tho proper rebuff to the fascist coup-organised, incidentally, witb the support of United Skates imperialism. However, the United States Will not succeed in distorting the well-hnown facts concerning the period of the cold war, tbe instigator of which was the United States itself. It Will not succeed in justifying the crimes wbichithas oommitted against the peuples of Viet-Nam, Korea, the Congo and otber Asian, African and Latin Amnrican countries. It Will not succeed in wbitewasbing its criminal collusion wlth the West Gsrmanrevanchists, who, as in the time of Hitler, are preparing for new mllitary adventures and the reshaplng of the map of Europe. 179. It is well hnown that when the representatives of the imperialtst Powers have no arguments they usually pour out the vils of their wrath upon communism. This is the course tshen by the United States representative today, and by the United Kingdom representative at the Council’s morningmeeting. 180. The United States representativedidnothesitate to refer, here in the Security Council, to Hitler, who unleashed a monstrous war against tbe Soviet Union. We would remind the Unlted States representative that the Soviet people, whloh on 9 May of this year Will observe tbe twentieth annlversary of the victory over the fascist invasion, bore on its shoulders a protracted war against tbe fascist bordes. My United States colleague should remember that the Soviet people, pouring out its blood, held out against tbe desecration of its homeland, and saved civilization, including the people of the United States, which at that time was our ally against the Hitlerite invaders. 181. It is appropriate to remind our United States :silleague here of the words of General MacArthur, a mari whom no one ever suspected of pro-communlst sympathies. IIe said-and 1 am quoting from memory, as there are some tbings that are remembered very well-tbat the fate of world civiliration rested on tbe glorious banners of tbe Soviet Army. 182. It does not suit someone lihe tbe Unlted States representatlve, who is no longer a young mari and is well aware of historical truth, to stray into blasphemy and repeat fabrications here with such cynicism, casting a shadow on the Soviet people’s heroic struggle against fascism. It is a11 the more unforglvable since it is precisely tbe United Rates wbich has now extended the hand of friendshiP to the associates of Hitler. who are again threatening Peace in Europe and througbout the world. 184. Matters bave reacbed a point where the United States is making plans to reorganiae the German sevaacbists, to bring tbe West German revanchists doser to obtaining the most terrible weapon of our times-the nucleas weapon. And after a11 tbis, the representatim of tbe United States has the audaoity to remind us of RitIer, wbose followers are now receiving every kind of support fmm tbe United States in the restoration of their military potential! 185. Tbe United States bas found no words of condemnation for the fact that in West Germany-despite the rules of international law, despite the Charter of the Ntirnberg Tribunal, and despite tbe agreements between tbe aRies in the Second World War-a law bas been passed which frees Nazi crimlnals from responsibiliiy. Instead of embarking on distortions of history and truth, the sespresentative of a great Power would bave done better to find the courage to condemn the policy of conniving at aggression, at the aims of German militarism-that same policy of connivance by the imperiallst powers of tbe West which Ied, via Munich, to the unleashing of the Second World War. 186. With regard to the United States sepsesentative’s expressions of solidarity with his neighbour to the rigbt, Lord Caradon, wbo poured out his anger at the Soviet Union during the Secusity Council~s morning meeting .and ventured to make every kind of insinuation about my country, it is hardly necessary to dwell on su& matters in any detail. 1 trust we shaIl net be judged too harshly if we tusn to t$e wisdom of Japan, where there is a saying to the effeot that “even in the lion’s skm there may be a math, and a few otber tbings toow. 187. We wish to state quite fismly that tbe United States will net succeed in diverting tbe discussion in tbe Security Council to another subject, will net succeed in evading here a direct answer for its armed intervention against a small Latin American Country. ‘I!hat is tbe question wbich the Council is discussing at the moment, and not any other matter. ‘J%e statement by the representative of the United States, who mab every kind of attempt to justify tbe United Ststes intervention in the Dominican Republic, rn&S me tbink of the old adage which runs: “An unjust cause cannot be defended”. 188. Armed intervention in the Dominican Republic hy the United States is taking place. ‘Ihe country is occupied by United States troops and the interventionists bave set off a bloody battle there; but the representative of the United States in tbe Security conncil tries t0 smootb a11 this over, distort it, justif? it and transfer the discussion to an entirely different sphere. Ris statement is a reflection of the confusion and feveriph changing of arguments 189. Indeed, only a few days ago the officiai, the acover-up” version, as it were, put out by the United States Government was an argument to the effect that the only motive in landing United States Marines in Santa Domingo was the desire to protect the lives of United States citisens. Proper respect was paid to this argument by the United States representative in his statement, apparently in accordance wlth instructions whioh he had received. However, scarcely had the United States had time to play this worn-out record which it has put on time and again-the most recent occasion being only a few months ago in connexion with the United States-Belgian intervention in the Congo-when another no less well-worn record appeared: the argument that the Dominican Republic was threatened by communism. 190. And now we have United Statespropaganda-this also applies to today’s statement by the United States representative-performing miracles of tightropewalking. It is trying to play both records at once, since it is a little inconvenient simply to throw out the first one. It is naturally counting on being able to use it again for o’her small countries in order to justify United States intervention. 1 have before me an article from the United States Department of State Bulletin, No. 578, of 31 July 1950. We have already referred to it, and shall continue to do SO. We shall also request the President of the Security Council to circulate it as an officiai document.?/ 191. The miserable argument of “protecting the lives of United States citizens”, put forward as a motive for United States intervention in the Dominican Republic, has again deceived nobody. Nobody has been in any doubt about its falsehood-not to mention tbe fact that the lives of these United States citizens were threatened by no one, they were for the most part taken out of the country; not one of them-I repeat, not one-suffered, yet the United States intervention continues. Moreover, it is expanding. There are already more than 14,000 United States troops in that small country. 192. Then, when the deception was unmasked, the United States started to play-first in a soft wbisper, but yesterday at full volume-the second and no Mess well-worn record from its pathetic stock of primitive pretexts. Now, the United States says that, infact, the main reason for the landing of armed United States troops in the Dominican Republic was the fear of a second Cuba materialising there. 193. T~US the reason for United States intervention in the domestic affairs of anotber country is precisely Wut of respect for tbe sensittvity Americaas, it was net, in pub&& Mly a eed, in yesterday’s statement by the White House, it alternates witb tbe argument of a humanitarian mission, And tbis is comprebensible. Tbe ernited ~Mes cammt fail to understand tbat, whatever pretext it advances far its invasion of an Bepublic, the LatinAmericàncouutries en retwn of United States of brute force in Latin bere is certainly not wbat States uses in order to caver up its actions, 196. t tbreat of communism inwhat LatinAmericari country cao be involved, wben United States armed intervention in sovereign Latin American emergence of scienof communism cari in 1824 wben United Puerto Rico? Do not ts make themselves hmk ridioulous, even in their own eyes? Wbat eat of commtism mn tbere bave been in 1846 when United States troops disembarhed at Veracruz in Mexico? 196. ‘IXe facts of bistory show tbat tbe only change . . the pretexts on which United States imperialism mterven@d in Latin American countries; tbe ence of its interventionist policy has remained same. United States marines bave landed in ama and Cuba. in Mexico and Nicaragua, in Kaiti ay, in Chile and Braail, in Honduras and Guatemala. As for the Dominican Bepublic. United St?deS marines landed tbere in 1903 ou tbe pretext of “protecting American lives and property’. Tbey were also tbere fram 1912 to 1914 on the pretext of cari Customs housec+. They were Dominican Bepublic in 1916 an the minieans were unwilling to carry tax reforms whicb were belng imp~sed on s ridicu80u6 pretext, UoitedStates marines the Dominican Republic. on tbat occasion, years. The result of thk UoitedStates occupation of tbe country was, as we hnow, tbe establisb- Republic of tbe bloody r&gime 5, wbo was glven every possible States of An?erica. 198. % iS witb su& a sbameful record of constant damestic affairs of Latin Americao countries that the Unfted States, 199. The truth, the sober truth today facing Latin America is that the United States is now openly proclaiming that the basis of its policy in the Western hemisphere is intervention in any Latin American country whose domestic affairs and aspiration to independence are not to the taste of United States imperialism. Yesterday the victim of United States imperiaiism was Panama; today it is the Dominïcan Republic; tomorrow, if this crime is not resolutely stopped, it Will be other Latin American countries. 200. The situation is, of course, not at all as tbe United States tries to present it. Weshouldremember the truth, enshrined in tbe United Nations Charter but long forgotten by the United States, that it is for the peoples of all countries tc chocse Matever system they please and that no one has the rigbt to interfere in their domestic affairs. 201. What is happening today intheDominicanRepublit iE Clerc to any unprejudiced observer. The Dotiinican people are struggling against a reactionary, anti-popular dictatorship. Tbe aim of those wbo have risen up in rebellion is to re-establish a constitntional govermnent in tbe country, eleoted, incidentally, under the supervision of the OrganizationofAmerican States. The reactionaxy, anti-popular junta in tbe Dominican Republic is a creation of United States imperialism, a puppet of the United States in the Dominican Republic, a mesns of exerting fore@ contml over the country’s life. 202. That is why, striving to perpetuate tbe bases for its interference in tbe domestic affairs of this small Latin ,American country, the United States rushed to the assistance of this handful of usurper& In SO doing, the United States once more confirmed what is becoming increasingly apparent. It lays its stakes on the most reactionary forces in Latin America and, in order to establish those forces in power, resorts more and more to direct armedintervention in the domestic affairs of the Latin American countries. 203. That is wby United States marineshave nowbeen landed in the Dominican Republic. That is wby tbe armed forces of the interventionists are actingjointly with the gangs of the junta and togetber with tbem aie sbcoting down tbe democratic forces of Santo Domingo. Tbis is in direct conformity with tbe nature of tbe interventionist policy of the United States. 204. In these circumstances, the claim by tbe United States representative that the question of United States intervention in tbe Dominican Republic sborrld be referred to tbe Organisation of Lmerican States fez consideration lcoks like a pitii and cowardly attempt on the part of the United States to escape responsibility. 205. The landing of United States troops in the Dominican RepubPic, and the participation of tbese wever, under Article 52 unitea Nations enforcement Mautlmrization 0% TThe Security Councin shall, wbere appropriate, utiki5e such regi0ns.l arrangements or agencies for enfomement action onder its authority. But no enfooreement actian slml) be taken under regional ammgements or by regimml agencies without the a~t~Q~iaat~on of the Securi& CounciL* Did the Wnited States bave tlhie atbosization fmm tbe uncil? L-erhaps M-lr. Stevenson wmld be to 3nswer tbat question. 206. By wbat right, under what charter, on what basis did the invasion by United States tmops take place? 209. lt is no mere chance tbat my United States mlleague b3s prefemeü to remain silent on tbis key question. For wb3t the United States is dring is using armed bore@ in violation of the Wnited Nations C%arter, in violation even of t.be Charter of the Organization of American States. 210. Tho situation wbich bas bsen created by United States armed intervention in the domestic affairs of the Dominican Republic is too serious for the Security Council to ignore. Tbis intervention, which bas 3lready cost the lives of thousands of Domini- Cm, gims rise to tbe danger that the international 211. May 1 follow toclay% practice and, on tbe usual understanding, not ask for consecutive interpretation?

1 cal1 upon the representative of the United States. who wishes to speak in exercise of his right of reply.

1 do not intend to detain the Councll for long at tbis stage, but 1 must reserve tbe right to speak again at somewhat greater length as the discussion proceeds, in vlew of some of the statements that bave been made here this afternoon by tbe representatives of tbe Soviet Union and Cuba. 214. 1 have been interested by the fact that of late the Soviet Union representative seems always to bring two documents wlth him: one is his speech and the other is bts right of reply, prepared in advance. 1 wonder if we had net better re-label the right of reply tbe right to reply by unlimited extension of on& speech. ~-5. 1 should like to enquire: Did I cast any sbadows on tha gallant struggle of tbe Soviet armies in tbe labt war? No, not one. Indeed, tbe SovietUnion representative could have found, had ho wished to do SO, some words of mine toquoteinpraiseof tbat struggle. 216. But 1 do not Lhtzk Chat cn,’ dlversionaryrhetoric cari change tbe facts of bistory, -2: ? change tbe fact that since the war tbe world I?~X been afîIicted by some aggressive Pcwers, but tbe U&ed States has not been one of them. 217. The Soviet Union relmesen+azive &as mentioned some maths in the lion% skiu as exarmples of United States sine.: Viet-Nam, the Congo, Korea. I would point out to the Secudty Council that all bave been cases of attempts to protect the integïity and independence of States from outside interference. 218. 1 am not surprised that the Soviet Union representatlve is rouchy a.bout some of the record of tbe past twenty years, including its acquisition of great amounts of territory and its alliance with Nazi Germany. But 1 am surprised at exactly how touchy he bas turned out to be. The Soviet Army did indeed, as 1 have said, figbt most gallantly in the Second World War. We are a11 profoundly indebted to it for that, although 1 would bardly ascribe the entire credit to it, as the Soviet Union representative seemed to do. We were indeed prepared to continue in ‘he postrecent weeks the Soviet Union -first io tbe 5pecial com- Cperations, then io tbe ion of aggression, tben in the Disarmament Commission, and aowiutheSecurity Council-the language and techniques of tbe StaRa at thii is onIy a passing phase and that tbe Soviet Union’6 troubles with net continue to ~1 e us bere. about the bistory * only a moment, tc tbe esentative of Cuba. he baad spent as much time lear of the freedom of the Dominicao Republic. 224. I remind tbe representati-ve of Cuba tco that it bas been necessary, as 1 bave said, to send United States trcops tc several countries since the Second World War: tc Korea, to Lebanon, to tbe Congo to evacu foreigners, and to Viet-Nam. In no case bave se trcops derogated from tbs sovereignty ad independeace of tlae country in which tbey have been empIoyed. Indeed, one of tbe main reasons for tbeir dispatch bas been to belp preserve that indeprudence, wlaether threatened by direct aggression or by the modern forces of subversion and tctalitarian techniques. 225. Tbe representative of Cuba ha6 used freely scme entreme language to express bis conclusions abcut tbe sins of the United States and our malevolent Pvrposes in the Dominicsn Republic, but few facts to supprt bis conclusions and a pcd many false statement% Let me assure the representative of Cuba tbat he is misinformed and tbat I eau categorically deny that the Unlted States has done any bombiig in 226. However, the extensive attacks we have heard may be pertinent in a way to the subject before us, for they serve to remind us how easily and how qulckly a revolution offered to and accepted by a people in the name of demooratic freedom and social progress cari be betrayed. It reminds us of the grim struggle which took place within the Cuban revolutionary r&lme which overthrew Batista, the struggle between those who overthrew Batista to bringfreëdom to Cuba and those who overthrew Batists to bring Cuba to communism. It reminds us of the tragic outcorne of that struggle: brave men who had fought for the revolutlon wlth Castro were turned upon, suddenly assailed. arrested and driven from office lnto prison or exile, a11 for the single offense of believing in the principles of the revolution they had fought for. This stark reminder of revolution betrayed Will remainfor ever in the minds and hearts of a11 the citiaens of the Western Hemisphere and it cannot but influence actions which are taken to bring order out of chaos in the Dominioan Republic. 227. 1 had not thought of referringtothe contemptuous epithets he has used with reference to sistsr Republics of this hemisphere -“lackeys”, “lickspittles” and SO on. However, it was curious that he first quoted with approval what they said when they expressed concern and doubt about our urgent response to the cal1 for help and he then denounced them in these repulsive epithets when they discovered the facts and joined to help in stopping the bloodshed and to restore order to the Dominican Republic and glve the people of that beleaguered land a chance to restore constitutional democracy to their country.

Mr. President, my delegation is once again obliged to exetcise its right of reply. 229. The Unlted States representative-the tone of whose statement has noticeably improved. if my ears do not deceive me-has been unable to refute a single argument put forward by the Soviet delegation. Although bimself seem to us so flimsy th5t y any need for comment. They speak for Ives. Tbey are a gksrlag catlon of tbe SS of tbe Uaited States resentative to awless acts committed United States 230. In ‘MS reply, the United States representatlve 05 of United States in- That fact is bave, mat two aor yet tbree texts. are requlrecl. We are always ready d belp him to understand the truth. bas dearly beea well tbere is no med for con- 234. Tbe PRESIDENT: Tbe representatlve of the Utited States wisbes to addxess tbe Couacil and 1

Wlth some sense of mercy for the members of the Coumil, 1 resemed tbe rigbt to speak furtber in reply to tbe speeches li bave heard tbis afternoon, tbat sexe of r’estraint was net evldently od by my Soviet coPLeague. I regret I must MS comerà for the endurance of the Security COwm2ll h5s r the better, like my spch. If K t wss revealed in one or even two rigbts of reply. i should be most happy. Tbe thought that it may take several more is, 1 must confess, deeply depressing. 236. Let me conclude the afternoon’s ceremonies, if tbat is possible, by readlng you one paragraph tbat bas just been reported to me. President Johnson said tonigbt, if this is of any reassurance to tbe Soviet and Cuban representatlves, that tbe Unlted States troops would be wlthdrawn from tbe Dominican Republic as saon as the Organisation of American St5teS cari get a plan into effect to bring peace and stab%ity tbere. 237. Tbe PRESIDENT: 1 cal1 on the representative of Cuba wbo wishes to speak in exercise of his right of reply.

1 shall be very brief for 1 only want to refer to an allusion made hy the Unîted States representa- The meeting rose at 6.55p.m. WOW ï0 OBTAIN UNITED United Nations publications moy be obtained distributors throughout the world. write to: United Nations, Sales EN? SE PROCURER LES PUBLICATIONS Les publications des Nations Unies sont agences dépositaires du monde entier. Informez-vous ou adresser-vous à: Nations Unies, Section COMO CONSEGUIR QUBLICACIOP4ES Las publicaciones de las Nociones Ur’das casas distribuidoras en tcdas partes diriiare a: Naciones Unidas, Section Lieno in U.N. Price: $U.S. 1.00 (cr eqtivalenr in other