S/PV.126 Security Council

Before we begin the discussion on the Greek Question, there is a procedural matter on which I should like to obtain the view of the Council: namely, whether the representatives of Albania, Greece, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria should be invited to the table. By mistake, they were not invited to the table at the last meeting. Unless I hear any objection,· I shall invite them to take their seats at this table. (The representatives of Bulgaria, Greece, and Yugoslavia took their places at the Council table. )

I understand that the Albanian representative has not yet arrived, but he is on his way. I now recognize the representative of the Soviet Union. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Sovie'i: Socialist Republics): The statement made by the United States representative at the meeting "of the Security Council on 28 March 19471 deals with an important question. The United States action with regard to Greece and Turkey cannot but CONSEIL DE SECURITE CENT-VINGT-SIXIEME SEANCE T enue aLake Success, New-York, le lundi 7 avrill947, a15 heures. President: M. Quo Tai-chi (Chine). Presents: les representants des pays suivants: Australie, Belgique, Bresil, Chine, Colombie, Etats-Unis d'Amel'ique, France, Pologne, Royaume-Uni, Syrie, Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques. 120. Ordre du four provisoire (document 5/319) 1. Adoption de l'ordre du jour. 2. La question grecque. 121. Adoption de I'ordre du iour L'ordre du jour est adopte. J 122. Suite de la discussion sur la question grecque Le PRESIDENT (trar!uit de Z·'anglais): Avant que nous n'entamions la discussion de la question grecque~ je voudrais avoir l'opinion du COl1seil sur un point de procedure: allons-nollS inviter a sieger parmi nous les representants de l'Albanie, de la Grece, de la Yougoslavie et de la Bulgarie? Par suite d'une erreur, ils n'ont pas ete invites a la derniere seance. S'il n'y a pas d'objections, je vais les inviter a prendre place a la table du Conseil. Les repres~ntanis de la Bulgarie, de la Gr~ce et de la Yougoslavie prennent place ala table du Conseil. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'angiais): Jecrois savoir que le representant de l'Albanie n'est pas encore arrive, mais qu'il est en route. Je donne maintenant la parole au representant de I'Union sovietique. ,M. GROMYKO (Union def, Republiques socialistes sovietiques) (traduit de l'anglais): La decIaration du representant des Etats-Unis a la seance du Conseil de securitedu 28 mars 19471 traite d'une importante question. L'action envisagee par les Etats-Unis a l'egard de la Grece .Such action by the United States not only does not contribute to the strengthening of the United Nations, but on the contrary weakens this Organization and undermines its authority. Instead of strengthening international confidence, such action brings about unavoidable suspicion with respect to its actual aims, and hampers the development of friendly relations among States. First of all, just for those very reasons, it does not correspond to the principles on which the activities of our Organization are based. The purposes and principles of the United Nations require that all nations, small and large, co-operate in the solution of international prob- 'terns, and particularly of those which relate to the maintenance of international' peace and security. Only such co-operation by all Member State~ of the Organization can ensure its success and make an effective instrument in the struggle for peace and security. Only such cooperation can contribute to the strengthening of good-neighbourly relations among nations and lead to -the strengthening of international confidence .which is still lacking in the activities of .the United Nations and in international relations. The United States representative tried to con:' vince us that the so-called United States aid to Greece and Turkey would contribute to the strengthening of peace and security in that area. At the same time, he pointed to the tense situation existing in Greece, particularly in its northern part, linking that situation with the alleged existing threat to Greece from outside. It would seem only natural and fully in accordance with the spirit and letter of the Charter to appeal in such case to an appropriate organ of the United Nations to take necessary measures in .order to remove such an alleged existing threat. But in such a case, the United States Government would be obliged to prove to the appropriate organ of the Unite~ Nations-under the However, for its part, the United States Government has evidently preferred to adopt a considerably easier method of unilateral action, instead of submitting proofs to the Security Council to the effect that the threat to Greece and Turkey actually exists. Only by those facts can one explain why the United States has ignored the United Nations in this important matter without taking into account the fact that this action deals a serious blow to the Organization's authority. Only after the United States Government had made statements on the measures undertaken by it in regard to Greece and Turkey did it; evidently, begin to realize the fact that its action was obviously in contradiction with the principles of the United Nations Charter. Only by that circumstance can one e..xplairi the attempt of the United States representative who not only informed the Security Council of the above action post factum but also connected the socalled aid to Greece and Turkey with the work of the Commission of the Security Council carrying out the investigation of incidents on the northern Greek frontier. Is it not clear that the attempt of. the United States representative to connect such two different matters as the work of the Commission of Investigation, on the one hand, and the United States aid to Greece and Turkey on the other, is of an artificial nature and absolutely unfounded? In reality, the very fact that the Security Council is dealing with the question concerning the incidents on the Greek border and that a special Commission appointed by the Council is investigating the situation on the spot. in Greece itself would seem to require, in the first place, that the Security Council should '"",ait the completion of the work of the Commission and, secondly, that the Security Council should take necessary measures as a result of a finding based on the conclusion of the Commission. Meanwhile, the United States Government not only considered it unnecessary to await the completion of the work of the Commission appointed by the Security Council with active par"' ticipation of the United States, and to await an appropriate decision of the Security Council, but has taken measures on its part which ~ntirely ignore the work of the Commission and the conclusions at which the Conrinission might arrive, as well as the future decision of the &lcurity Coun- .cil itself on the question. Such· actions have nothing in common with methods of international co-operation on questions. of the. maintenance of peace, which every Member State is Toutefois, au lieu de soumettre au Conseil des preuves de l'existen~e reelle d'une menace envers la Grece et la Turquie, le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis a apparernment juge preferable, pour sa part, d'adopter une methode infiniment plus aisee, celle de l'action unilaterale. C'est seulement ainsi que l'on peut expliquer pourquoi, en cette importante question, les Etats- Unis ont ignore les Nations Unies, sans tenir compte du fait que leur action portait un coup serieux a l'autorite de l'Organisation. C'est seulement apres avoir fait des declarations sur l'action qU'il a entreprlse a l'egard de la Grece et de la Turquie, que le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis a commence a se rendre compte que son action etait manifestement en contradiction avec les principes de la Charte des Nations Unies. C'est la la seule explication possible de la tentative faite par le representant des Etats-Unis, non seltlement d'informer apres coup le Conseil de securite de l'action mentionnee ci-dessus, mais aussi de rattacher le plan dit d'assistance a la Grece et a la Turquie aux travaux de la Commission du Conseil de securite qui procede actuellement a une enquete sur les incidents survenus a la frontiere nord de la Grece. N'est-il pas evident que la tentative du representant des Etats-Unis d'etablir un rapport e~tre deux questions aussi differentes, a savoir l'activite de la Commission d'enquet"e, d'une part, et le plan des Etats-Unis d'assistance a la Grece et a la Turquie, d'autre part, a un caractere artificiel et est absolument sans fondement? En realite, le fait meme que le Conseil de securite est en train d'examiner la question conc;ernant les incidents survenus sur la frontiere grecque, et qu'une Commission speciale, instituee par lui, procede sur place, en Grece meme, a une en- . quete sur la situation, semblerait exiger, en premier lieu, que le Conseil de securite attende l'achevement des travaux ,de la Commission et, en second lieu, qu'il prenne les mesures necessaires decoulant des constatations fondees sur les conclusions de la Commission. Non seulement le Gouvernement des Etats- Unis a juge inutile d'attendre que la Commission, instituee par le Conseil de securite avec l'active· participation des Etats-Unis, ait acheve ses travaux, et que le Conseil de securite ait pris une decision appropriee, mais il a encore pris, de son cote, des mesures qui ne tiennent aucun compte des travaux de la Commission et des conclusions auxquelles elle pourrait arriver, non plus que de la future decision du Conseil de securiw lui-meme sur la' question. Ces mesures n'ont riende commun avec les methodes de col.. laboration internationale dans le.5 questions fnteressa.nt le maintien de la paix, metb.odes ~ que It is impossible not to point out some other important aspects of measures undertaken by the United States in regard to Greece and Turkey. The "aid» itself which the United States Government intends to render to Greece and Turkey is of such a nature that it cannot be recognized to be consistent with the purposes and principles of the United Nations. This is apparentfrom the mere fact that the policy stated by the United States Government, with respect to those countries, provides, as is known, not only for economic aid, but also for military and other "aid» as well. Moreover, it follows from the statements made in Congress by United States Government representatives that the major portion of the sums assigned for Greece is intended neither for the reconstruction of the economy of that country nor for rendering material aid to the population, but for military needs. This means that the rendering of the so-called "aid» cannot bring economic recovery to Greece or improvement of the living conditions of the Greek people. As to Turkey, it follows from the statements made in Congress by the same United States Government representatives that all sums planned for that country are intended, in fact, for military purposes only. I should like to draw the special attention of the Security Council to one particular kind of this "aid»: namely, to the sending of United States instrUdors, both on civil and military matters, to Greece and Turkey. No one can dispute the fact that the sending to this or that country of civil and especially military instructors, regardless of the position taken by the Government of the country to which those instructors are sent, itself constitutes an interference in the internal affairs of that country and deals a serious blow to its actual independence. The Greek people have made a large enough contribution to the common struggle of the democratic countries against the German fascist aggressors. The Greek people have considerable merits which were won in the struggle against the fascist invaders who tortured the land of Greece during the several years of brutal occupation... The Greek people have' deserved to be treated with greater respect than they are being treated by the United States. In any case, the Greek people have deserved that they should be given.the opportunity to dedde their internal a;ffairs and be free in settlin~ .them. We 'should lend o1,lr ear to $e :voice of Greekdemocra.tic spokesri1en, who protest against the continuation It goes without saying that aid to Greece should be rendered and used in the interests of the Greek people. That aid should in no case serve as fu"l instrument of foreign influence in Greece. Such aid, free from the tendency to use it as a means of pressure and foreign interference in the internal affairs of Greece, would be in accord with the spirit of the Charter and with the purposes of the United Nations. Such aid could be carried out with the participation of a special commission of the Security Council which would supervise the proper realization of such aid in the interests of the Greek people. I have already pointed out that Greece, as an Allied country which seriously suffered flom the war and enemy occupation, has the right to receive aid from outside. Is it possible, however, to say the same about Turkey? As far as Turkey is concerned, we cannot say this, if we deal with the matter really objectiv~ly, and if we appraise justly and i..-npartially the facts characterizing Turkey's position, her role in the last war, and all other data bearing on this question; I'ai deja fait observer que la Grece, en tant que pays allie qui a gravement souffert de la guerre et de l'occupation ennemie, a le droit de recevoir une assistance exterieure. Mais peut-on , en dire autant de la Turquie? On ne le peut pas, si 1'0n examine la question d'une maniere vraiment objective et si I'on apprecie d'une maniete juste et impartiale les faits qui caracterisent la position de ce pays, son rOle dans la derniere guerre et tous les autres aspects de cette question. Le saud de I'objectivite et la justice obligent a reconnaitre que la Turquie n'a aucun droit de recevoir une assistance exterieure, car eIle n'est pas au nombre des pays qui ont souffert de la guerre. Son territoire n'a pas ete occupe.. La Turquie n'a pas aide les Allies dans leur lutte contre l'Allemagne hitlerienne. En outre, la Turquie a foumi a l'Allemagne hitlerienne des matieres premieres d'importance strategique dont ce pays avait besoin pendant la guerre; la Turquie a retire pendant la guerre d'importants benefices de I'aide qu'elle a fournie a l'Allemagne hitlerienne. Les efforts des Puissances alliee's tendant a persuadeI' la Turquie de prendre part Objectivity and justice demand recognition of the fact that Turkey has no such right to receive aid from outside, since it is not a country which has suffered in the war. Its territory was not occupied. Turkey did not assist the Allies in their struggle against hitlerite Germany. Moreover, Turkey supplied hitlerite Germany with strategic raw materials which the latter needed during the war; Turkey profiteered during the war from the help to hitlerite Germany. The efforts of the Allied Powers to persuade Turkey to take part in the common struggle of the United Nations against fascist aggressors did not bring, as is well known, positive results. The La declaration du representant des Etats-Unis precisait que la Grece avait beaucoup souffert de 1'0ccupation ennemie, que son economie avait ete ruinee, qU'elle avait eu besoin d'assistance exterieure dans le passe et qu'elle avait toujours besoin de cette aide a l'heure actuelle. Cette declaration presentait egalement des donnees analogues relatives a l'aide fournie par I'UNRRA ~. la Grece, et soulignait qu'il etait necessaire de continuer a aider la Grece pour la sauver de la ruine, d'une degradation plus accentuee et d'une nouvelle aggravation de sa situation economique. Ce que 1'0n a dit de la gravite ~e la situation economique en Grece correspond a la realite. La Grece a, sans nul doute, subi d'importantes destructions du fait de la guerre et de I'occupation ennemie. La Grece a done, comme les autres pays allies qui ont souffert de l'occupation fasciste, indemablement le droit de recevoir une assistance exteneure. Il va sans dire que l'aide a la Grece doit etre foumie et utilisee dans l'interet du peuple grec. En aucun cas, elle ne devrait servir d'instrument a une influence etrangere en Grece. Si l'on ne tenait pas a I'utiliser comme un moyen de pression et d'ingerence etrangere dans les affaires interieures de la Grece, cette assistance serait conforme a l'esprit de la Charte et aux buts des Nations Unies. Elle pourrait etre menee a bien avec la participation d'une commission spedale du Conseil de securite, qui veillerait a ce qu'elle soit utilisee dans .I'interet du peuple grec. Mr. Austin spoke extensively about the Commission of the Security Council investigating incidents on the Greek frontiers. He made a proposal on the desirability of leaving the representatives of the Commission in northern Greece, until the Security Council took an appropriate decision on the report of the Commission. Since the question about that Commission is 3. rather, narrow and separate one, I shall express my attitude regarding that proposal in a separate statement. All the facts which I have stated make it necessary for me to draw the following conclusions: The measures taken by the Government of the United States \Vith respect to Greece and Turkey seriously undermine the authority, of the United Nations and inevitably produce distrust in relations among the Member States of the United Nations. , The attempt of the United States Government to connect post factum its action in regard to the above countries with the work of the Commission of Investigation Of the Security Council in Greece is unfounded, and only emphasizes the danger to the authority of the United Nations represented by the blow which is dealt by a unilateral move of the United States Government. The actual material aid needed by the Greek people can and must be real aid, and must not serve as a screen for the purposes which have nothing in common with aid at all. Aid must be rendered through the United Nations, in which case it will exclude all possibilities of any foreign influence in that country. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom): In the view of my Government, it is indisputable, on the basis of the studies of the Special Technical Committee on Relief Needs after Termination of UNRRA, that Greece is in immediate need of relief, and it is equally clear that the United Nations as ,such is in J;l0 position, at this moment, to proW-de the necessary financial assist- M. Austin a longuement parle de la Commission du Conseil de securite qui procede actuellement a une enqucte sur les incidents survenus aux frontieres grecques. Il a presente une proposition tendant a faire rester les representants de la Commission en Grece du nord jusqu'a ce que le Conseil de securite ait pris une decision appropriee sur le rapport de la Commission. Corrune la question relative a cette Commb:.ion est une question distincte et assez limitee, je preciserai mon attitude a l'egard de cette proposition dans une declaration separee. .Les remarques que je viens de faire m'obligent a tirer les conclusions suivantes: , Les mesures prises par le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis a l'egard de la Grece et de la Turquie sapent gravement l'autorite de 1'0rganisation des Etats-Unis et eveillent inevitablement la defiance dans les relations entre les Etats Membres des Nations Unies. La tentative du Gouvernement des Etats-Unis de rattacher apres coup les mesures qu'il envisage de prendre a l'egard de ces deux pays aux travaux de la Commission d'enqucte du Conseil de securite en Grece, n'est pas fondee et ne fait que mettre en relief le danger que presente pour l'autorite de 1'0rganisation des Nations Unies le coup que lui porte l'action unilaterale du Gouvernement des Etats-Unis. L'aide materielle effective dont le peuple grec a besoin peut et doit ctre une aide reelle, et ne doit pas servir amasquer des objectifs qui n'ont ,absolument rien de commun avec une aide. Elle ' doit etre fournie par le canal des Nations Unies; dans ce cas, en efIet, dIe exclura toute possibilite d'influence etrangere dans ce paYl!. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (Royaume-Uni) (tradv.it de l'anglais): De l'avis de mon Gouvernement, il est indiscutable, si 1'0n se fonde sur les etudes du Comite technique special charge d'etudier les besoins d'assistance apres la cessation de l'activite de I'UNRRA, que la Grece a besoin d'ctre ;secourue immediatement, et il est egalement clair que l'Organisation des Dans ces conditions, le Gouvernenlent de Sa Majeste pour le Royaume-Uni considere que l'action du GOuvernement des Etats-Unis est absolument conforme aux buts et aux principes de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Au cours de fa cent-vingt-troisieme seance du Conseil de securite, apres avoir traite de la question de l'assistante a la Grece et a la Turquie sur le plan general, le representant des Etats- Unis a presente certaines propositions concretes concernant la Commission d'enquete2• Le representant des Etats-Unis a presente des propositions concernant les travaux ulterieurs de cette Commission, qui a ete envoyee dans les Balkans en application de la resolution du Conseil en date du 19 decembre 1946 3 • Le representant des I'.tats-Unis considerait, nremierement, ou'une sous-commission devrait In those circumstances, His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom consid('rs that the action of the United States Government is in full accord with the purposes and principles of the United Nations. At the hundred and twenty-third meeting of the Security Council, the United States representative, besides dealing with the general question of aid to Greece and Turkey, made certain concrete proposals in regard to the Commission of Investigation.2 The United States representative made suggestions with regard to the future work of that Commission, which was sent to the Balkans in accordance with the Council's resolution of 19 December 1946.s The United States representative contemplated first that a sub-commission should be left on the Greek border to observe the situation while the main body of the Commission was drawing up its report, and secondly, that the sub-commission should remain there, between the time when the Commission presented its report and final action by the Security Council. ~tre laissee a la"'frontiere de la Grece pour observer la situation pendant que le groupe principal de la Commission redigerait son rappo~, et, deuxiemement, que cette sous-commission devrait rester a la frontiere grecque entre le moment ou la Commission presenterait son rapport et celui ou le Conseil de securite prendrait sa decision definitive. Je tiens a dire, au nom du Gouvernement de Sa Majeste pour le Royaume-Uni, que nous partageons les vues que le representant des Etats- Unis nous a exposees. A notre avis, la souscommission qui serait iaissee en Grece du nord pendant que la Commission redigerait son rapport a Geneve, serait un organe subsidiaire de la Commission, similaire aux diverses equipes que celle-ci a, jusqu'a present, envoyees en differentes parties du pays,'au cours de ses travaux. I wish to say, on behalf of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, that it shares the ideas which the United States representative has put before us. In our view, the sub-commission which would be left in northern Greece, while the Commission itself is drawing up its report in Geneva, would be a subsidiary organ of the Commission, similar to the various teams which the Commission has hitherto dis~ patched to different parts of the country in the course of its work. - The terms of reference of the sub-commission would very properly be, for instance) to report on border violations and disturbances along the frontier, as well as to perform such other acts as the Commission might direct. It could have the same authority as regards the Governments concerned as the Commission itself, and would be guided in its work by the precedents and practices of the Commission. Il cOTIviendrait tout particulierement que la sous-commission eut pour mandat, par exemple, de faire rapport sur les violations et incidents de frontiere, et aussi de remplir toutes les autres taches que la Commission pourrait lui fixer. Elle pourrait avoir, a l'egard des Gouvemements interesses, l~ meme autorite que la Commission elle-meme, et serait guidee dans ses travaux par les precedents et les pratiques de la Commission. Mon Gouvernement serait en faveur d'un arrangement de ce genre, car il estime qu'il serait tout a fait illogique que la Commission My Government would favour such an arrangement, for it considers that it would be quite illogical for the Commission to send in a report 1 Voir les Resolul'ions adoptees par l'Assemblee gene~ rale pendant la seconde partie de sa premiere session (document A/64/Add.l, page 75). 1 See Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly during the second part of its first session (document A/64/Add. 1, page 75). 2 Voir les Proces-verbaux officiels du Conseil de securite, Deuxieme Annee, No 30. • Voir les Proces-verbaux officiels du Conseil de securite, Deuxieme Annee, No 28. There is always the possibility that the occurrence of a major incident illVolving foreign intervention during the next few weeks might perhaps alt{;r the whole tenor of the report. It would be ridiculous if the report were to ignore such an incident, simply because the Commission were not represented on the spot at the time. The only way to ensure that the Commission's report is complete would be for the Commission to appoint a sub-committee, as suggested by the representative of the United States. As regards the suggestion that the sub-commission should remain in the border area between the time when the Commission presents its report and final action by the Security Council, my Government considers that it would be desirable for the Security Council to send instructions to the Commission to make arrangements in that sense. Both this suggestion and that to which I have previously referred would be fully in accord with the spirit of the resolution which the Council adopted on 19 December 1946, since they would, in our view, constitute steps to avert a repetition of the border violations and disturbances in those areas. Such a procedure seems to me to be of obvious practical advantage, and I cannot believe that it would meet with objection from anyone who has sincerely at heart the re-estabfu:hment of normal peaceful conditions in that disturbed part of the world.

I should like to ask the United Kingdom representative whether he has formulated his proposal in writing. The suggestion which the United States representative originally made was part of his speech, so far as I am aware, and there was no resolution introduced. Sir Alexander CADOG~ (United Kingdom): I have not formulated any resolutions or proposals. I was only making favourable ccmment on certain suggestions which the United States representative made at our last meeting devoted to this subject.

Does anyone wish to speak in connexion with Mr. Gromyko's statement, or on the subject that the United Kingdom representativehas just raised? Mr. EL-KHOURI (Syria): When I heard the statement of Mr. Austin, I thought that he did. ~ot intend to make any special proposal or request any resolution of the Security Council on the sta~ementwhich he had made. It was simply in the forin of information. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais): Je voudrais demander au representant du Royaume-Uni s'il a formuIe sa proposition par ecrit. Si je ne me trompe, la proposition du representant des Etats-Unis faisait. a l'origine partie de son discours, et aucune resolution formelle n'a ete presentee. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (Royaume-Uni) (traduit de l'anglais): Je n'ai pas formuIe de resolution ou de proposition. 1'ai simplement fait un oommentaire favorable sur certaines suggestions presentees par le representant des Etats-Unis au cours de la derniere seance consacree acette question. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais): Que!- qu'un desire-t-il commenter la declaration de M. Gromyko, ou parler de la question soulevee par le representant du Royaume-Uni? M. EL-KHOURI (Syrie) (traduit de l'anglais): Lorsque j'ai entendu la declaration de M. Austin, j'ai pense qu'il n'etait pas dans ses intentions de faire une proposition speciale, ni de demander au Conseil de recurite de prendre une resolution au sujet de sa declaration. Je pense que cette declaration a ete faite dans un but d'informa~ tion. In that respect, I do not think it necessary to adopt any resolution now. As long as we have not received anything from the Commission of Investigation it would be premature. In order to be able to make any statement or to form an opinion which would be adequate and in conformity with that situation it would be better to dismiss this question now and'to wait until we receive a communication or report from the Commission regarding its recommendations and the situation in Greece. I think that any discussion, or resolution which would be adopted now, would be premature and untimely. I think that we had better dismiss the question until we rectrive 5uch a report. Colonel HODGSON (Australia): The Australian delegation welcomes the proposed assistance to Greece by the United States. Such aid is, 1n our view; entirely in conformity with the purposes and principles of the United Nations. From the economic standpoint, it is a further example of the historic humanitarian spirit of the people of the United States, which made. such an outstanding contribution to UNRRA. From the political standpoint, it is a recognition of the basic fact that there cannot be political stability or true independence in a country whose Government is beset by conflict and has no means of exerting its authority. It-is difficult to see how anyone with the interests of the Greek people at heart can genuinely condemn or even criticize an attempt to restore political and economic stability in Greece. Those countries which, like Australia, had the privilege of fighting side by side with the Greek soldiers in their historic struggle against the fascist and nazi invaders, appreciate the immense sacrifice incurred by Greece and the contribution which Greek assistance made to the victory of the United Nations on the eastern front as well as in the Mediterranean area. We all heard with pleasure this afternoon the tribute of the Soviet representative in that respect. The trials and sufferings of Greece, however, did not end with the defeat of our common military enemies. Economic and political difficulties scarcely less devastating than war itself remained to be faced and fought. Again, the Greek people have been tough and tenacious against almost overwhelming odds. The Greek people are hard pressed, and they have appealed to their allies for assistance. Their appeal has Sur ce point, je ne pense pas qu'il soit necessaire d'adopter maintenant une resolution. EIle serait prematuree tant que nous n'avons rien re~u de la Commission d'enquete. Il vaut mieux, pour le moment, renvoyer la question et attendre de la Commission une communication ou un rapport sur les recommandations qu'eIle presente et sur la situation en Grece. Nous serons alor.. a meme de formuler une declaration ou de nouS faire une opinion satisfaisante et correcte sur cette situation. Toute discussion sur ce probleme, ou toute resolution que nous pourrions adopter maintenant seraient, a mon avis, prematurees et inopportunes. Nous ferions done mieux, je pense, de remettre l'examen de la question jusqu'a ce que nous ayons re~u ce rapport. Le colonel HOnGSON (Australie) (traduit de l'ang1ais): La delegation de l'Australie accueille avec faveur le projet d'assistance des Etats-Unis a la Grece, NOllS estimon~ que cette aide est absolument conforme aux buts et aux principles des Natit)ns Unies. Du point de vue economique, eIle constitue un nouve! exemple de I'esprit humanitaire bien connu du peuple des Etats-Unis, qui a apporte une si importante contribution a I'UNRRA. Du point de vue politique, eUe traduit et reconnalt ce fait fondamental qu'il ne peut y avoir de stabilite politique ni de veritable independance dans un pays OU le Gouvernement est aux prises avec un conflit, et n'a aucun moyen d'exercer son autorite; On voit difficilement comment on pourrait, lorsqu'on a a creur les interets du peuple grec, condamner ou meme critiquer, d'une maniere sincere, un effort visant a' retablir la stabilite politique et economique en Grece. Les pays qui. comme l'Australie, ont eu le privilege de combattre cote a cote avec les soldats grecs dans leur lutte historique contre les envahiSseurs fascistes et nazis, apprecient a leur juste valeur l'immense sacrifice fait par la Grece et la contribution qu'eIle a apportee a la victoire des Nations Unies sur le front oriental ainsi que dans la zone mediterraneenne. C'est avec plaisir que nous avons tous entendu, cet apres-midi, I'hommage que le representant de l'Union sovietique a rendu a ce propos a la Grece. Les epreuves et les souffrances qu'eIle a subies n'ont toutefois pas pris fin avec la defaite militaire de nos ennemis communs. 11 restait' encore a affronter et a combattre des difficultes de caractere economique et politique, a peine moins devastatrices que la guerre eIle-meme. La encore, le peuple grec s'est montre tenace et ferme, bien que presque toutes les chances aient ete contre lui. Le peuple grec est au."'C What was the alternative? To wait until joint United Nations assistance could be organized? To do so might have rileant seeing the Greek people collapse under the weight of economic blows which would test the strength of States far richer in. natural resources and far less affected by the dislocations of war arid invasion. In the view of my Government, the ac.tion proposed by the United States is not only justified and correct in principle but should be welcomed with gratitude by all the Members of United Nations. As the United States representative has pointed out, the present emergency and temporary programme will not conflict with the long-range responsibility of the United Nations for the reconstruction of Greece. The United States has aiso taken two steps of great significance for the future of the United Nations. The United States, far from ignoring or by-passing the United Nations, has done exactly the opposite. Fi..--st, we have an assurance that any agreements entered into with Greece in connexion with the execution of this programme will inimediately be registered for publication by the Secretary-General. In the second place, we have the action of the United States in coming before this Coundl to explain its proposals and the reasons for its action. The Australian delegation feels that those steps show an admirable recognition of the role of the Uni~ed Nations and a clear desire to do nothing which would impair its strength or prestige. We also have in mind an amendment to the Bill which will shortly go before Congress, to the effect that either the Security Council or' the General Assembly can resolve that United States aid to Greece is no longer necessary or advisable, and, on such resolution, the United States will immediately take appropriate action. ; , I come now to the other aspect of the Greek problem: namely, the work -of the CrJmrnission of Investigation, regarding which the United States representative made some specific suggestions. The Australian delegation ~grees that a section of the Commission should remain in Greece when the main body leav~ the Balkans to begin preparation of its report. Such a group could exercise a stabilizing influence along the frontier and, could also submit, to the Commission, any further evidence which might come .,to hand, so that the report may reflect the situation up to the time when it is, actually presented' to the Security Council. It is most essential that the w:ay should not be opened, by the withdrawal of the, entire Commission, to make indicate~. This does not require a formal decision of the Council, which has already given the Commission broad powers in its terms of reference, but if it is the view of the Council that we should formulate some instructions to the Commission in that respect, we should be pleased to join in any such instructions.

I am informed by the Secretariat that the main body of the Commission of Investigation concerning Greek Frontier Incidents has already arrived in Geneva and that the remaining members are on th~ir way to Geneva, \'vaere the Commission expects to draw up its report. If it is the view of the Council .that the Commission should appoint a sub-commission to keep watch over the situation, I think that, unless some instruction is sent to the Commission to that effect, it may not designate such a sub-commission by itself, inasmuch as I am informed by the Secretariat that the Commission has been complaining of the lack of hotel accommodation in Greece, and that even now it is complaining of poor hotel accommodation in Geneva. Pardon me, I should like to stand corrected: I am told that the Commission made no complaint of the hotel accommodation. in Greece but I am a little surprised that it is complaining of poor hotel accommodation in Geneva. I should like to hear further opinions from the members as to whether the Council wishes the Commission of Investigation to designate a sub-comrrUssion to keep watch over the situation. Mr. AUSTIN (United States of America): The position which the United States took originally, and to which it still adheres, was the following-I am quoting from the exact language of my original statement: "The United States understands the resolution creating the Commission of Investigation as giving the Commission full authority to leave representation in Greece during the next few weeks. It is implicit in the resolution and its purpose that the Commission would continue in existence until the Security Council either disposes of the Greek case or acts to terminate the Commission's existence." 1 I think that in another part of my address I called the attention of the Council to the desire of the United States to have members express their views about our position, in order that we might know whether we agree on the interpretation of that resolution. No opposition has been expressed to that interpretation. The resolution stands just as it was written and passed, Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais) : Le Secretariat m'informe que le groupe principal de la Commission d'enquete sur lea incidents a la frontiere grecque est deja arrive a Geneve et que les autres membres sont egalement en route pour Geneve, ou la COlTh."llission compte rediger son rapport. Si le. Conseil estime que cette Commission devrait designer une sous-commission chargee d'observer la situation de pres, je pense qu'il pourrait se faire, si nous ne lui envoyons pas de directives en ce'sens, que la Commissionne designe pas d'elle.;.meme une sous-commission; et cela d'autant que le Secretariat m'informe que les membres de la Commission se sont plaints des conditions de logement dans les hOtels en Grece, et se plaignent meme maintenant des conditions de logement dans les hotels a Geneve. Excusez-moi, je rectifie: on nie dit que les membres de la Commission ne se sont pas plaints des conditions de logement en Grece, mais je suis plutot surpris qu'ils se plaignent des conditions de logement a Geneve. J'aimerais entendre l'avis d'autres membres sur le point de savoir si le COllSeil desire que la Commission d'enquete cree une sous-commission chargee d'observer la situation. M. AUSTIN (Etats-Unis d'Amerique) (traduit de l'anglais): La position que les Etats-Unis ont prise a l'origine, et a laquelle ils restent fideIes, est la suivante. Je cite le texte meme de ma declaration originale: "D'apres le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis, la resolution qui a institue la Commission d'enquete donne pleins pouvoirs a cette Commission pOUf laisser des representants en Grece pendant les quelques semames a venir. Le te..'{te et l'objet meme de cette resolution impliquent que la Commission restera en fonctions jusqu'a ce que le Conseil de securite regIe l'affaire grecque, ou decide de mettre fin a l'existence de la Commission1 ." Dans une auu'e partie de mon expose, j'ai attire, je crois, I'attention du Conseil de securite sur le desir des Etats-Unis df: voir les membres du Conseil formuler leurs vues a ce sujet, afin que nous puissions savoir si nous sommes d'accord sur l'interpretation de cette resolution. Personne n'a pris la parole pOUf s'opposer a cette interpretation. La resolution subsiste telle

I think that under the present circumstances such instruction will be necessary. Mr. AUSTIN (United States of America): Accepting the ruling of the President as accurate, I offer this resolution: reResolved that during the absence of a Commission from the area in which it has conducted its investigation, the Commission shall maintain in the area concerned a subsidiary group composed of a representative of each of the members of the Com.mission." Mr. ATHANASSOV (Bulgaria): In connexion with the dispute between Greece on the one hand, and Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and Albania, on the other, the United States representative made a statement to th~ Security Council on 28 March 1 which could be summari-zed thus: the United States Government contemplates sending to Greece goods for the needs of the civilian population, military supplies and a military mission to help tIc;.; present Greek Government in its military operations against the Greek partisans. Taking into consideration the humanitarian motives of the United States Government to bring help to th~ suffering civilian population of Greece and to rontribute to the improvement of the economic situation of the country, the Bulgarian Government considers that the first f1a..rt of the programme should be carried out by the United Nations or under its guidance. As regards the second part of the contem- - plated actiol!, the Bulgarian Government shares the apprel-:.ensions repeatedly expressed in various quarters, both jn Europe and in America, that the m7Jitary aid may bring about a worsening of political conditions in Greece and nlay create international complications. The ,Bulgarian Govt': nmeDt find::. .hat such an action might be .considered as taking sides in the Greek civil war, which is incompatible with the principle of non-intervention accepted in international la'N and underlying all the decisions of the Security Council on the Greek Question. Should there be any action aiming at the pacification of Greece, it must betaken under the auspices of the United Nations. ........ Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais): Je pense que de telles directives seront necessaires dans les circonstances actuelIes. M. AUSTIN (Etats-Unis d'Ame..rique) (traduit de l'analais): Je considere que la decision du President est correcte; voici donc la resolution: "Decide que, pendant que la Commission ser~ absente de la region dans laquelle elIe a mene son enquete, elle laissera dans cette region un groupe subsidiaire compose d'un representant de chacun de ses membres." M. ATHANASSOV (Bulgarie) (traduit de l'anglais): Apropos du differend qui g'est eleve entre la Grece, d'une rart, la Bulgarie, la Yougoslavie et l'Albanie, de l'autre, le representant des Etats-Unis a fait, le 28 mars, au Conseil de securite, une declaration1 que l'on peut resumer comme suit: le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis envisage d'envoyer en Grece des produits destines asatisfaire les besoins de la population civile, des fournitures militaires et une mission militaire pour aider le Gouvernement grec actuel a poursuivre ses operations militaires contre les partisans grecs. Tenant compte des sentiments humanitaires qui poussent le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis it aider la malheureuse population grecque et a contribuer it ameliorer la situation economique du pays, le Gouvemement bulgare estime que la premiere partie du programme devrait etre realisee par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, ou sous sa direction. Quant it la'deuxieme partie de l'action envisagee, le Gouvernement bulgare partage la crainte exprimee plus d'une fois en divers milieux, tant en Europe qu'en Amerique, que cette aide militaire ne vienne aggraver la situation politique en Grece et susciter des complications internationales. Le Gouvernement bulgare estime que ron pourrait considerer qu'en agissant ainsi, les Etats-Unis prennent parti dans la guerre civile grecque, attitude incompatible avec l~ principe de non-intervention, principe reconnu en droit international et qui est it la base de toutes les decisions du Conseil de securite ~'elatives it la question grecque. Si une action quelconque visant it retablir la paix en Grece doit etre entreprise, elIe doit l'etre sous les auspices de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. On this occasion, I wish also to reject tales about an existing danger to Greece from Yugoslavia. Such tales are only intended to cover up the Greek Government's unlawful terrorism over the democratic masses in Greece and over Macedonian people in Agean Macedonia. But we had better wait for the report of the Commission in that respect. However, as regards pure economic aid~ we feel that it should be granted in the spirit of co-operation and not in one of animosity and discrimination among the United Nations. May I add to all the other objections which have already been heard about the United States plan for economic aid to Greece and Turkey the argument as to whether economic aid to Greece under the present conditions, and without the intervention of the United Nations, not through the United Nations, could really be beneficial and intended for the pUrPose alleged. In that respect, I am convinced that serious doubts exist. Greece has consumed per' capita more economic aid granted from UNRRA than many other devastated and liberated countries, more, for instance, than my own country. Since the end of the war until January, Greece has received $185,00~000 of United States aid, considerable loans from the United Kingdom, and was assisted by the War Assets Administration. During the war, when Yugoslav children were starving, the Greek people received foreign aid even through the blockade. But, in spite of that, Greece is, today, in a disastrous financial and economic situation. It is not necessary for me to illustrate that situation, because the picture has been described in detail by Messrs. Clayton and Acheson before the United States legislative bodies. ';£'his picture shows that conditions in Greece are unhealthy and rotten. A comparison with all other .devastated countries which received: less relief from abroad-for instance, my own country, Poland, Norway, the Netherlands, and France-will confirm that. ~f I limit myself to the positipn of Yugoslavia, of which I am best qualified to speak, there is no doubt that my country suffered more and was exposed to relatively greater devastation That represents, I think, a success of a nation and also a success of the United Nations,- especially a success of UNRRA and of those countries which have, more than others, contributed to UNRRA. On the other hand, I believe that the unhappy picture of economic conditions in Greece must be interpreted as a failure of the common efforts of th~ United Nations, a failure which encourages al1 hidden and open enemies of the United Nations. I should prefer-and. again, I think it our duty to do so-to await the report of the Commission of Investigation which will des,cribe the conditions in Greece. It would be a blow to the prestige of this Council if the report of its own Commission were not awaited. But, if that report confmns our opinion as to the unhealthy conditions in Greece, the inability of the present Greek Government, and the fact that it is not representative of the Greek people, and if it is confirmed that the Greek Government is ruling against the will of the people, I think, ,again, that a Member of the United Nations should not give help to such a country under the present conditions without United Nations control. Otherwise, such help would not be used to :the benefit of the country and it would be a waste of money for the country which has given it. We firmly believe in the United Nations, in spite of all difficulties, shortcomings, and errors, and think that the· Special Technical Committee on Relief Needs after UNRRA has recently clearly established, after thorough investigation, which countries need relief and which do not need it quite so urgently. Among those countries, Turkey was not listed. Among ,the needy countries, the committee found that Yugoslavia-which, however, was later proclaimed by two States as a country not in need of relief-required about the same amount of relief as Greece in order to prevent starvation and economic retrogression. It is thus all the more strange for our people -and I drink for other liberated peoples in Europe-to hear that economic aid should be given to a country which did not have a single soldier in the war against Germany and fascist Italy and whose behaviour was certainly questionable, to a country for which it would be difficult to prove, in an academic way, which side it aided more objectively during the war, and which made use of the war to its own profit. I read with interest the remark of a member of the United States Congress that he was convinced that Turkey is in even a better financial condition than the United States. I have dedared to the Uilited Nations, on behalf of my Government, that Yugoslavia would be prepared to give all its scarce resources and, in spite of devastation, goods to the value of approximately one million dollars in lumber, fruits, and medical herbs to other devastated countries, without discrimination. J'ai Iu avec interet la remarque d'un membre du Congres des Etats-Unis, qui est convaincu que la Turquie se trouve dans une situation financiere encore meilleure que celle des Etats-Unis. Au nom de mon Gouvernement, j'ai declare aux Nations Unies que la Yougoslavie etait prete a mettre a la disposition des autres pays devastes, sans aucune distinction, la totalite de ses maigres ressources et, malgre les devastations qu'elle a subies, pour un million de dollars environ de marchandises, en bois de construction, fruits et herbes medicinales. Le Danemark, lui aussi un pays libere, qui a soufl'ert pendant cinq ans sous l'occupation nazie, s'est egalement declare pret a porter assistance aux pays dans le besoin. 11 en est de meme de la France. La Norvege, l'un des pays dont les souffrances ont ete considerables pendant l'occupation, a declare qu'elle ne tablerait, pour le moment, sur aucun secours pour ses enfants. La Turquie, au contraire, qui n'a fourni aucune contribution pendant la guerre, qui n'a pas subi d'occupation et qui, meme maintenant, la guerre etant finie, ne contribue 'pas asecourir les pays devastes et les enfants necessiteux, vient reclamer une contribution pour elle-meme, et cela au detriment des pays devastes. Je ne peux rien dire pour l'instant au sujet de la proposition concrete relative au maintien en Grece d'un groupe subsidiaire de 1& Commission d'enquete, et je reserve le droit'de mon Gouvernement d'en parler plus tard; neanmoins, j'estime que, du point de vue politique, moral et economique, la mellleure fagon d'aider ' le peuple grec serait de retirer de Grece les troupes letrangeres et de permettre aux Grecs d'etre leurs proprep aitres. Denmark, a liberated country which suffered for five years under nazi occupation, also declared itself prepared to give assistance to needy countries. The same is true of France. Norway, one of the countries which suffered considerably during the occupation, declared that it would not, for the time being, count on any relief for its children. Turkey, on the contrary, which contributed nothing during the war, which suffered no occupation, which even now after the war does not make ,any contribution for the devastated countires and needy children, now claims a contribution for itself, and this to the detriment of the devastated countries. I can say nothing for the time being with respect to the concrete proposal concerning the maintenance of a subsidiary group of the Commission in Greece, and I reserve the right of my Government to say a word at a later stage. But, nevertheless, I think that the best political, moral, and economic aid to the Greek people would be to withdraw foreign troops from Greece and. allow the Greek people to be its own master. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de, l'anglais): Nous sommes saisis d'un projet de resolution revise, qui est soumis par le representant des Etats- Unis, et redige comine suit:

We have a revised draft resolution before us, .submitted by the representative of the United States, which reads as follows: Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): I should like to have an explanation regarding the following question: are we going to discuss concrete draft resolutions or are there still some members who wish to make general statements on this question? In the first place, if we are now to discuss 'the draft resolution, as I already intimated in my first statement, I should like to express my views on the United States draft. Secondly, I also made a proposal in my statement regarding the necessity for setting up a special commission to ensure that any assistance given to Greece from outside will really be used in the interests of the Greek people. If we are going to discuss draft resolutions, I should like to deal with those two questions. The matter of the Commission of Investigation is an independent and separate one, and I therefore wish to deal with it separately. I should like, Mr. President, to ask you for an explanation on that point.

In reply to the question of the Soviet representative, I think that'the general discussion raised by the statement of the United States representative and by Mr. Gromyko's statement this afternoon is by no means closed. So far, I have received no further requests from any members who wish to speak on the question in a general way. I think that this is natural, owing to the fact that the importance of the question raised is such that members would like to have more time to study it. I, myself, should like to speak on that subject. That is why I have invited the opinions . of the members regarding the draft resolution before us. Since there is no other matter before the Council, we can continue our discussion. I call upon the representative of Greece. Mr. DENDRAMIS (Greece) (translated from French): I have no int~ntion of entering into polemics with the representatives of Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. Moreover, I do not wish to anticipate in any way the report of the Commission of Investigation. The time will come when that report will be submitted, when we shall be able to read it and get an idea of the situation. Nor should I like to pass judgment upon the political regime of the neighbouring Governments. What they do on their own territory is their co:p.cern, but ...the Greek people refuses to have imposed upon it, by force and violence, a regime contrary to its aspirations. Nous allons passer a la discussion de cc projet de resolution. M. GROMYKO (Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques) (traduit du russe-): Je voudrais demander deseclaircissements sur le point suivant: allons-nous discuter des projets de resolution concrets ou bien y a-t-iI encore des representants qui desirent fake des declarations d'ordre general sur cette question? En premier lieu, si nollS passons maintenant a I'examen du projet de resolution, je voudrais, ainsi que je I'ai dit dans ma premiere declaration, exposer mon point de vue sur le projet des Etats-Unis. En second lieu, rai fait moi aussi, dans ma declaration, une proposition en vue de creer une commission speciale chargee de veiller a ce que l'assistance exterieure donnee a la Grece soit reellement utilisee au profit du peuple grec. Si nous passons a I'examen des projets de resolution, je voudrais toucher a ces deux questions. Pour ce qui est de la Commission d'enquete, c'est une question independante et distincte; je desire donc la traiter separement. Je vous demande de m'eclairer sur ce point, Monsieur le President. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais): Je repondrai a la question du representant sovietique, en disant qu'a mon avis, la discussion generale provoquee par la declaration du representant des Etats-Unis et par ceDe que M. Gromyko a faite cet apres-midi n'est nullement close. Jusqu'a present, aucun membre n'a demande a presente des observations d'ordre general sur la question. Cela me semble naturel, car l'irnportance de cette question est telle que les membres peuvent desirer avoir plus de temps pour l'etudier. J'aimerais moi-meme faire une declaration ace sujet. C'est pourquoi j'ai invite les membres du Conseil a formuler leur opinion sur le projet de resolution que nous avons devant nous. Puisque le Conseil n'a aucune autre question a traiter, nous pouvons poursuivre notre discussion. Je donne la parole au representant de la Greee. M. DENDRAMIS (Grece): Je n'ai pas l'intention d'entamer id une poIemique avec les representants de la. Bulgarie et de la Yougoslavie. D'autre part, je ne veux pas en aucune fa~on prejuger le rapport de la Commission d'enquete. Le moment viendra ou il nous sera presente, ou nous pourrons le lire et nous faire une idee de la situation. Je n'aime pas non plus porter de jugement sur le regime politique des Gouvernements voisins. Ce qu'ils font sur leur propre territoire les regarde, mais le peuple gree refuse de se voir imposerJ?ar d'autr(:s, par la force et la violence, un regime contraire a ses aspirations. Mon Gouvernement est absolument convaincu que la Commission d'enquete nommee par le Conseil de securite presentera des recommandations qui contribueront a. l'etablissement de conditions permettant a. la Grece de se consacrer sans entraves a. son reuvre de reconstruction et d'edifier l'avenir de son peuple dans la securite et la paix avec ses voisins - non pas une paix momentanee et precaire, mais une pai.x durable, solide, faite de quietude, de comprehension et de confiance mutuelle. La Grece declare qu'elle accepte d'avance les suggestions et la resolution qui ont ete presentees tout a. l'heure. My Government is absolutely convinced that the Commission of Investigation appa.i.n.ted by the Security Council will make recommendations which will contribute to the creation of conditions in which Greece will be able to devote itself without hindrance to the work of reconstruction and build its people's future in security and peace with its neighbours-not a temporary and precarious peace, but a durable peace based on tranquillity, understanding, and mutual confidence. Greece declares that it accepts in advance the suggestions and the resolution just submitted. M. PARODl (France): L'observation que je veux faire se rapporte seulement au projet de resolution presente par le representant des Etats- Unis. C'est une des difficultes et des anomalies de la discussion dans laquelle nous sommes engages que nous soyons amenes a. discuter de la situation en Grece alors que nous avons dans ce pays une Commission d'enquete et que celleci ne nous a encore saisis d'aucun rapport. Mr. PARODl (France) (translated from French): The comment I wish to make refers only to the draft resolution submitted by the representative of the United States. One of the difficulties and anomalies of the discussion in which we are involved is that we find ourselves discussing the situation in Greece while we have in that country a CommiSsion of Investigation which has not yet presented us with any report. I regard the resolution submitted to us as provisional. I regard it as a purely conservative measure in no way anticipating the decision which we shall take when the Commission we have sent to Greece renders its report. For my part, I would not be inclined to accept this resolution unless it had, in fact, only this purely conservative character. If that is really the sense of it, I consider it extremely useful for the maintenance of peace, and I entirely agree with it. Je considere la resolution qui nous est proposee comme une resolution d'attente. Je comprends qu'il s'agit la. d'une mesure purement conservatoire qui ne prejugera en rien la decision que nous serons amenes a. prendre quand la Commission que nous avons envoyee en Grece nous aura fait son rappert. Cc n'est que dans le cas ou cette resolution aurait ce caractere purement conservatoire que je serais, pour ma part, dispose a. l'accepter. Si tcl est bien le sens qu'elle a, je la crois, en effet, extremement utile au maintien de l~, paix et je l'approuverai entierement. Je voudrais faire egalement, si vous le permettez, deux observations portant sur des points de redaction. Je voudrais que ce caractere conservatoire, provisoire, de la mesure que nous decidons de prendre, apparaisse davantage dans la resolution. La resolution dit: "Decide que, pendant que la Commission sera absente .de la region dans laquelle eUe a mene son enquete . . ." Ccla paralt signifier que la Commission reviendrait en Grece, ce qui n'est pas le cas, car je ne pense pas qu'elle doive y revenir. Si je me trompe, je ne ·demande qu'a. revenli a. une interpretation plus exacte. If you will allow me, I should also like to make two remarks regarding the drafting. I should like the cOIl..servative, provisional, character of the measure we are deciding to take to appear more clearly in the resolution. The resolution reads: "Resolved: that during the absence of the Commission from the area in which it has conducted its investigation . . ." That appears to imply that the Commission will return to Greece, which is not the case, for I do not think that it will return. If I am mistaken, I am perfectly prepared to accept a more accurate interpretation. In any case, I th.ink it would be well to -make the provisional character of our decision clear by saying, for example: De toute maniere, je crois qu'il serait utile de faire apparaitre le caractere provisoire de la decision que nous prenons en disant, par exemple:

In reply to the representative of France, I would say that tllat is also my interpretation of the United States draft rc."olution and of its temporary character. This subsidiary group will' naturally cease to function upon the termination of the Commission, of Investigation itself, so I think that this temporary character is implied in the draft resolution. May I ask the representative of the United States if that is the correct interpretation? Mr. AUSTIN (United States of America): Mr. President, the answer is yes, and. the suggestion of the representative of France is accepted as an amendment, I shall ask the representative of France to repeat his amendment. Mr. PARODl (France) (translated from French): I tbink that the wording could be modified as follows: '''Resolved: that pending a new decision of the Security Council;, the Commission shall maintain in the area concerned a subsidiary group composed of a representative of each of the members of the Commission," I think that, since it is the Security Council, and not the Commission, which will now decide to leave a subsidiary group on the spot, it is more normal to say: " ... pending a new decision of the Security Council. . ." . That new decision could be either to recall the subsidiary group or to confirm it for a new period. Mr. AUSTIN (United States of America): Mr. President, I accept that amendment.

I shall ask the representative of France whether he means to leave out the first part .of the original' resolution, namely-the phrase"...during the absence of the.Commission from the area in which it has conducted its investigation... " Mr. PARODl (France) (translated from French): Yes, Mr. President; in the text which I have just read, I left out the phrase: "...during the absence of the Commission from the area... " The, PRESIDENT: I shall now ~\ the Assistant It.e PRESIDENT (traduit de l~anglais): En reponse au representant de la France, je dirai que c'est aussi de cette maniere que j'interprete le projet de resolution des Etats-Unis, et que je considere egalement cette mesure comme provisoire, Les fonctions du groupe subsidiaire prendront naturellement fin lorsque la Conuni&- sion d'enquete elle-meme aura achevc ses travaux; le projet de resolution me parait done conferer implicitement ce caractere temp.'raire au groupe subsidiaire. Je demanderai au representant des Etats-Unis si cette interpretation est exacte. M. AUSTIN (Etats-Unis d'&'11erique) (traduit de l'anglais):- Qui, Monsieur le President, et nous acceptons la proposition du representant de la France comme un amendement. Je demanderai au representant de la France de bien vouloir en relire le texte. M. PARODl (France): Je pense qu'on pourrait modifier ainsi la redaction : "Decide que, jusqu'a, nouvelle decision du ConseiI de securite, la Commission laissera dans la region ou elle a mene son enquete un groupe subsidiaire compose d'un representant de chacun des membres de la Commission." Je. crois que, du moment que c'est le Conseil de securite et I10n la Commission qui decide maintenant qu'il y aura lieu de laisser sur place un groupe subsidiaire, i1 est plus nonnal de dire qu'il en est ainsi ".. : jusqu'a, nouvelle decision du Conseil de securite ..." Cette nouveIle decision pourra consister, soit a rappeler ce groupe provisoire, soit, au contraire, a confirmer son mandat poUf une nouvelle periode. M. AUSTIN (Etats-Unis d'Amerique) (traduit de l'anglais): J'accepte cet amendement, Monsieur le President. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais): Je voudrais savoir si le representant de la France entend laisser de cote la premiere partie de la resolution initiale, c'est-a-dire la phrase ". . . pendant que la Commission sera absente de la region dans Iaquelle elle a mene son enquete ..." M. PARODl (France): Qui, Monsieur le President; clans le texte que j'ai Iu, je n'ai pas repris la phrase ". .'. pendant que la Commission sera absente·de la region ..." Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais): Je vais maintenant demander au Secretaire. general adjoint de lire le projet revise. M. GROMYKO (Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques) (traduit du russe): A mon .avis, nous avons commence trop tot a. discuter de la forme de ce projet de resolution. J'ai encore quelque chose a. dire sur le fond de la question, Si nous examinons aujourd'hui les projets de resolution et si nous prenons des decisions, je soumettrai moi aussi un projet de resolution correspondant a. ma proposition. Dans ma declaration d'aujourd'hui, fai, pour ma part, propose de creel' une commission speciale du Conseil de securite qui pourrait participer a l'reuvre d'assistance a. la Grece et qui, en excr- If draft resolutions are to be considered today and decisions adopted, I shall also submit a draft resolution in accordance with my proposal. In my statement today, I for my part proposed that the Security Council should set up a special commission which would participate in the giving of aid to Greece and which, by appropriate supervision, could guarantee that such aid as Greece might receive from outs~de should be utilized only in the interests of the Greek people. I beg the President to consider the suggestion which I have just now put forward regarding the establishment of a special commission as a formal proposal which I submit for the consideration of the Security Council. ~ant un controle approprie, pourrait veiller a. ce que l'aide que la Grece recevrait de l'exterieur flit utilisee au seul profit du peuple grec. Je prie le President de bien vouloir considerer l'idee que je viens de mettre en avant, au sujet de la creation d'une com..rnission speciale, comme une proposition formel1e soumise a. l'examen du Conseil de securite. Je passe a. la proposition des Etats-Unis de laisser, dans la region frontiere du nord de la Grece, des representants de la Commission creee par le Conseil de securite en vue d'enqueter sur la situation existant a la frontiere grecque: Je ne puis donner mon accord a la proposition du 'representant des Etats-Unis, et je ne puis l'appuyer. J'estime qu'elle est irreguliere et qu'on ne satirait en justifier la presentation, ni, a. plus forte raison, l'adoption. En efIet, quelle est la situation? Le Conseil de securite a cree, il y a quelque temps, une Commission d'enquete sur, les incidents qui se sont produits le long des frontieres nord de la Grece. Cette Commission s'est rendue sur les lieux; elle a procede a. son enquete et, actuellement, seIon les informations que vient de nous donner le President, elle est en route pour Geneve, ou s'y trouve deja., et commence it pre-, pareI' son rapport au. Conseil de securite. Comment pourrions-nous prendre des decisions qui affecte"'.)nt le sort de cette Commission sans avoir pris connaissance, au prealable, du resultat de ses travaux? A mon avis, le Conseil de securite ne peut prendre de decision sur ces questions sans avoir entendu l'avis de la Commission qui a ete creee pour les etudier. ' Notons en passant que le representant des Etats-Unis a .propose de prendre des decisions au sujet de la Cortmiission, bien que nous n'ayons re~u de celle-ci aucune communication concernant le resultat de Se8 travaux. Nous disposons d'un certain nombre d'informations fragmentaires, parues dans la presse mondiale, et qui ont trait a. certains episodes des travaux de la Commission d'enquete; ces informations se rapportent surtout a l'organisation et a. la A£ regards the United States proposal that representatives of the Commission set up by th~ Security Council to investigate the Greek frontier situation should be left in the frontier districts of northern Greece, I am unable either to agree to or to support that proposal. I consider that the proposal is incorrect, and that its submission cannot be justified, even less its adoption. What is actually the situation? A short)while ago the Security Council set up a Commission for the inve.stigation of incidents along the northern Greek frontier. That Commission went to the spot, carried out appropriate investigations and is now, according to information given by the President, either on its way to, or already in Geneva and is beginning to prepare its report to' the Security Council. How is it possible to adopt a decision concerning the fate of that Commission without having first learned the results of its work? I consider that the Security CQuncil cannot take a decision upon this question without having heard the opinion of the Commission which was established to study it. Hdwever, the representative of the United States has submitted a proposal to adopt a decision concerning the Commission, although we have received no' communication from the Commission as to the results of its work. A few fragmentary items of information published in the world press, concerning certain episodes in the course of the work of the Commission of Investigation are known to us, but in general thos~ items deat with the organization and progress Regardless of whether the resolution in question is adopted or not, I wish to draw the attention of the Security Council to the fact, that a decision to maintain the Commission in northern Greece (there is no need to use the words "representatives of the Commission"; we are not concerned with persons or representatives of States, because it is of no importance to the substance of the question who is on the Comn'lission- Smith or Jones, Petrov or Ivanov) may be construed as an attempt to set up a screen behind which activities 'Nill be pursued by the United States Government which are not in the interests of the United Nations because they constitute int.ervention in the internal a:ffairs of Greece. Comment, et par quoi, s'explique une telle tentative? Il n'y a qu'une reponse possible: le representant des Etats-Unis s'efforce de rattacher apres coup la Commission creee par le Conseil de securite pour enqueter sur les inci· dents qui se sont produits aux frontieres grecques, a I'autre question qu'il a soulevee dans sa declaration du 28 mars; le :representant des Etats-Unis essaie apres coup de reunir en que!- que sorte ces deux questions, sans doute pour faire croire qu'il y a un certain lien entre la Commission d'enquete actuelle et l'action que le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis a decide d'entreprendre a l'egard de la Grece et de la Turquie - dans le cas present, a regard de la Grece. C'est seulement ainsi qu'on, peut expliquer pourquoi le representant des Etats-Unis a decide d'etablir apres coup une connexion entre l'action de son Gouvernement et la Commission d'enquete sur les incidents de frontiere. n n'y a pas d'autre explication. C'est la seule maniere dont on puisse expliquer la proposition du representant des Etats-Unis et les motifs qui semblent l'avoir inspire. Je voudrais faire observer au Conseil de securite que la decision de maintenir la Commission dans le nord de la Grece (il n'y a pas lieu d'employer ici le terme "representants de la Commission"; il ne s'agit pas de personnes, ni de representants des Etats, et il importe peu que ce soient Smith ou Jones, Petrov ou Ivanov qui siegent dans cette Commission), que la decision, dis-je, de laisser la Commission en Grece peut etre interpretee - que cette resolution soit adoptee ou non - comme une tentative de placer un ecran derriere lequelle Gouvernement des Etats-Unis poursuivra une action qui ne sera pas conforme aux interets de 1'0rgcmisation des Nations Unies, car cette action constituera une intervention dans les ail'aires interieures de la Grece.

The Secretary-General has Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais): Le Seasked me not to continue the meeting after cretaire general m'a demande de ne pas prolon- 6 p.m., out of consideration for his staff and ger la seance apres 18 heur~ par egard pour budget, I think, because overtime involves extra son personnel et pour son budget, car les heures pay. I still have two speakers on my list. Since supplementaires sont, je crois, payees a un tarif the United States resolution was introduced this superieur. 11 y a encore deux orateurs sur Ma afternoon, and since the Soviet representative liste. Puisque le representant des Etats-Unis a has informed us that he is introducPIg another depose sa resolutioncet apres-midi, et que le resolution, we cannot hope to fmish our discusrepresentant sovietique .nous a informes qu'il sion on either resolution.' We shall have to allait deposer une autre resolution, nous ne poupostpone our general discussion until the next vons esperer terminer la discussion de l'une ou meeting. l'autrede ces resolutions. Il nous faudra remettre la discussion generale a la prochaine seance. I propolle that we adjourn until the next Je propose que nous nous reunissions a nouavailable date which is next Friday, since Tuesveau le plus tat possible, c'est-a-dire vendredi day, Wednesday, and Thursday are all taken prochain, puisque mardi, mercredi. et jeudi sont for various other meetings. If the Council agrees deja reserves pour d'autres reunions. Si le Conto that suggestion, I shall now adjourn the seil approuve cette proposition, je vais lever la meeting. seance. The representative of Greece has asked for Le representant de la Grece alemande a recognition, but I must ask him if he wishes to prendre la parole, mais je dois lui demander speak on a point of order, because the Chair s'il desire parler sur une motion d'ordre, car je has already asked for adjournment. viens de proposer l'ajournement de la seance. Mr. DENDRAMIS (Greece) (translated from M. DENDRAMIS (Grece): Monsieur le Presi- French): Mr. President, I am of the Orthodox dent, j'appartiens ala religion orthodoxe, et je faith-.and I think that the sanle is true of, crois que certains autres representants ont la other r;:;presentatives. Next Friday is our Good meme croyance. Or, vendredi prochain est notre Friday, and- I should like to ask you, if possible, Vendredi saint· et j'aimerais, si possible, que to set a:nother day for the next meeting on this vous reportiez la prochaine seance ou nollS dis~ questiOJ1,. . cuterons cette question a un autre jour. The PR~sIDENT: h I have already an- Le PRESIDE,NT (traduii de 'fanglais): Comrne nounced, we have meetings scheduled for toje l'ai deja d~t, d'autres seances doivent avoir morrow, Wednesday, and Thursday. Tomorrow lieu dernain, rnercredi et jeudi.·Dne seance de La seance est levee a18 h. 05. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS DES NATIONS UNIES II Security Council Publications Publications' du Conseil de securite Journal du Conseil de securite (18 janvier-11 juillet 1946), bilingue:anglais-franc;;ais, 42 numeros, 868 p.ages, la serie $4,20 Journ.al of the Security Council (18 January - 11 July 1946), bilingual: English-French, 42 issues, 868 pages, the set $4.20 The Jou-mal of the Security Council, issues 1-42, contains the records of the first 49 meetings of the Security Council in their pTOvisional form. These records are now being re-edited and will later appear as Security Council OIJiCial Records,"First Year, First Series. Publication of the Joumal of the Security Council was discontinued on 11 July 1946. . Les numeros 1 a 42 du Journal du Conseil de se- cUTite contiennent sous forme provisoire, les prod;:s- . verbaux des 49 premieres seances du Conseil de secu- rite. Ces proces-verbaux sont actuellement reedites et paraitront ulterieurement sous le titre: Proces- ve1'baux olJiciels du Conseil de securite, P1'emie1'e Annee, Premiere SeTie. Lq. pubHcation du Joumal du Conse(l de securitla ete interrompue le 11 juillet 1946. . . / Proces-verbaux olliciels Nos I It 29, cinquantie~e seance a' quatre-vingt-huitieme seance, 702 pages, la serie $4,90 Official Record~ Nos. I to 29, fiftieth meeting to eighty- eighth meeting, 702 pages, the set... : $4.90 Supplements Nos. I to 10, 190 pages, the set... $I.95 Special Supplement: Report of the Sub-Committee on the Spanish Question, 104 pages, English edition $ .90 1 Provisional Rules of Procedure nf 'he.Security Council, ~nglish edition $ .20 Proces-verbaux officiels du Conseii de securita, P1'emih'e Annee, Seconde Stfrie, bilingue: anglais- franc;;ais. Supplements CiUX proces-verbaux offieiels du Con- seil de securite, PTemieTe Annee, Seconde Serie, bilingue: anglais-franc;;ais. Supplements Nos I a 10, 190 pages, la serie $1,95 Supplement special: Rapport du Sous-Comite charge de la question espagnole, 104 pages, edition fran~ise..........$0,90 Les Proces~verbauxoHiciels du·Conseil de securite,· Deuxieme Anrl.ee, ainsi que les Supplements, sont en cours de publication. Une liste de celL": qlJi sont deja livrables peut et.re obtenue sur demande adressee aux agents de vente. 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