S/PV.1262 Security Council

I should llke to remind the members of the Counoil tbat at its 1236th meeting, held on 10 August 1965 of this year. the Cwncil adoptedresolution208 (1965). in which it decided that an election shauld be hePd M&es to proeied v& the election. 11 0 11 11 6 Iezmk?r of votes oomed: r. Fouad Ammoun (Lebanon) . . . . . . . . 11 4. Tke PRESIDENT (translated from Spaaish): Tkt General Assembly will p1ow be informed of tbe retitr of tke wte ami in a few minutes we s.w.dd receiv~ a ~o~~~t~eto~ froc tke Presidsnt of tbe General mbly concerning the result of tbe votïng in thal With tbe consent of tbe Coo&l. 1 sbti swpenc tkis meeting for tbe time it Will take to weeivf mis commuticati~r4.

: bave just received the following communication frou the Bresident of tbe GeneraP Assembly: “1 bave tke honow to inform you that at tbe 1310tb -&mary meetii of tke General Assemblé bbd on thés date in order to elect a member o th@ International Couti of Justice to fil1 the vacanq czmed by the death of Judge Abdel Hamid Badawi “Therefore. 1 bave declared tothe General Assembly tbat Mr. Fouad Ammoun ha6 been elected a member of the International Court of Justice.’ 6. As President of the Security Ccunoil, 1 bave tbe honour to declare the distinguished jurist, Mr. Fouad Ammoun of Lebanon, elected a member of the International Court of Justice, He was eleoteduuauimously by this Council and on its behalf 1 wish him complete success in the high and difficult office he is assuming. Question concerning the situation in Southern Rhode&: letters doted 2 and 30 August 1963addressed to the President of the Security Council on beholf of the representatives of thirty-two Member Stotes (S/ 5382 ond S/5409): (0) Letter dated 11 November 1965 from the Permonent Representative of the United Kingdom of Great Britoin ond Northern Ireland )o the United Notions oddressed to the President of the Security Counci I (S/6896); (b) Letter dated 10 Novamber 1965 from the President of the General Assemblv to the President of the Security Council (S/6897j; (c) Letter doted 11 November 1965 addressed to the President of the Security Council by the representatives of thirty-five Member Stotes (5/6902); (d) Letter doted 11 November 1965 oddressed to the President of the Security Council by the representatives of twenty-two Member States (5/6903); (2) Letter doted 11 November 1965 from the President of the General Assembly to the President of the Security Council (5/6908).

The Council will now resume its consideration of the question of the situation in Southern Rhodes& In accordance with the Council’s previous decisions, 1 propose to invite the representatives of Alger% Jndla. P&istan. Ghana, Gambia. Sierra Leone. Senegal, Mali, the Wnited Republic of Tanzauia. Nigeria, Guinea, Ethiopia, Mauritania, the Gambia and Jamaica to participate. without vote, in the Council’s discussions. Af fhe invitation of fhe Presidenf, Mr. T. Bouaffourc (Alger%), Mr. S. K. Dehlavi (Pakistan), Mr. F. S. Arfchursf (Ghana), Mr. F. M. MuHkifa (Zambia), Mr. (3. B. 0. Collier (Sierra Leone). Mr. E. P. Mw&kc (Unifed Republic of Tmzania), Mr. A. B. N’Jie (Catnhia, and Mr. E. R. Richardson (Jmaica) fmk fhe placer reserved for fhem in front of fhe Cooncil table.

give the floor to the representative of Jamaica.

Mr. President, should like first of a11 to express to the memberr of the Council my Government’s appreciation o your courtesy in having invited me to participate 0. La J&mafque rtervenir uadés cpe le Conseil ience Ieinsment mportaut aisons, ontmindre. e se promoce ber in order to b4-2 bearel before the seecuritg es at B conclusion on the question of 11. In tbe first place. sv.e wauld net wkb it tc he heliewd tbat thïs qtestion is me of which &y Africm Xembers of tbe United Nations, or only Africao sud Asiau &I@mbers. feel strongly. lt is pmper. in <pur view. tbat a voice frorn tbe ather side of the Athmtie &akJ be heard. 1. roit :tats hIembres Gris [nies. endrs une voix d’outre-Atlantique. 2. pe le Conseil dner purement pe le Royaume-Uni. S/6926]. 12. h me secmd puce. Jamaica is cancerned lest persuaded to be content simply ous mensures which ihe United r@sohtion [Sf69261. ha-3 invited to the iuture. tt seems to us also that tbe decision wbicb the Council vil1 arrive at on tbls issue is fraught witb grave consequences for the future of international co-operation. 1t may very well be tbat the Southem Rhodesian affaIr Will rnarh a turning point In the progress ofthe internationai effort tow- ‘s tider understmnling be- Ween nations and betwee.. peoples of different races. 13. A plus ment que la décision lwstion le la coopération L’affaire %ape décisive nationaux vers nations et entre 14. Tbe action by tbe leaders of tbe shite minority in Soutbern Rbodesia. Iong premedlatedandr??soIutely csrried out, is a direct nnd brutal challenge to the prineiples of democracy which are internationally sec-ept& TI?ey ougbt not to be allowed to get away with it. If tbey do. snotber naIl will be driven lnto tbe coffin of tbe concept of our multiracial British CommomveaPth. oui ünited Nations in microcosm, snd lastii damage wIll be done to the prospects of ~onthiulug understandlng and co-operation between tbe peoples of tbe world. 14. Rhodésie d6lIbkément aux principes La communaut6 que cet acte demeure B enterrer multiracial, tions Unies, durable coopération 15. Perhaps Jarnaica bas a domestic and particnlar interest in this question. In a certain measure, the drama which is beii acted out between Salisburp and London threatens toundermine the whole ed& of Interracial co-operation and harmony which bas bsen cw&lly IndIt up witbin the JamaIcan sotie@ over thase many decades, and whlch is symbolizec in the motte of our new nation: “Out of many, one people.w 15. directement certaine et Londres ration jamsIquaine klifier velk seul”. 16. Lastly, the state of Internal relations betweer the main organs of the United Nations where thr maintenance of international peace and security ir inrolved also denmnds. in our view. that the Securitl Coumil arrive at decisions which are consisteni wlth its primary responsibilities in this field. It ii vital to the future of the whole Organisation that tlu Southern Rhodesian situation should not provide i new occasion for revivlng the jurisdktional disputi 17. For aI1 these reasons, it seemed tous appropriate that Jamaica should ask to be alfowed to brîng one or hvo considerations to tbe attention of the Security Council before tbis issue is decided. 18. We wish to ask the Council to find that tbe sitnation in Southern Rhoclesia constitutes a threat to international peace and secnrity. The United Kingdom Government, the only lawful Government in the Territory of Southern Rhodesia, has brought tbe situation in that Territory before the Securfty Conncil. The United Kingdom has stated that it intends to take certain measures not tnvolving the use of force, and has asked for the support of the United Nations for these measures. Conclusive arguments were adduced in thie Council last week to show that tais reference of the matter to the Securitv Council bas been made, and could only bave been made, under the provisions of Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. Before the Councilcanproperly cal1 upon other Member States to support measures of the kind contemplated by the United Kingdom, thus giving the imprimatur of the Council to those measures. it is essential, in our view, that the Council should find that a breach of international peace and security or a threat to international peace and security exists in the situation. 19. If any doubts lingered in the minds of the members of the Counoil throughout the day’s discussion on Friday that such a threat existed, those doubts should bave been entirely dispelled on Saturday morning, when the representative of the Ivory Coast quoted the statement made by the four leaders of the Senegal River States. The members will recollect that these four Heads of State called upon a11 African leaders, with effect from the date of their announcement. to ensure “That ail African States should immediately considsr themselves to be in a state of armed conflict wlth the illegltimate racist Government of Southern Rhodesia and should send contingents to Rhodesiato help the Zimbabwe peopie toliberate themselves and to protect their own independence.” [1259thmeeting. para. 71.1 20. Then we would ask the Council to find that the narrow range of economic .sanctions proposed by the United Kingdom Will, in fact, be ineffective. Jamaica has examined with great tare the statement made by the representative of theUnited Kingdom at the 1257th meeting. We searched for soms evidence of a resolute intention to deal with a situation which his Government has already characterized as rebellion. We searched in vain. What we found instead was a plea to the Council to endorse his Government’s decision not to resort to the use of military force and an appeal to Member States of the United Nations to support those obviously inadequate economic sanctions. 22. In the circumstances, what Cm-operatican Can be zted fmro tbem in amkdag the smctioes effective? relationsbip between ia aod the? peopli? of vlew of my Govemin any attempt to isolate slan leaders and to bring tbem wn by economic measures alone. In tbe view of rngr Govemment, tive sanctions Will be worse than useless. No less thao a total embargo of all trade and a complete dismptiw of economic and diplomatie relations is naw required, and even these are net likely to be felt in tbeirfallforce in 1ees thm 8 year. OI! even two y@-. 23. l+X&ber or mt economic sanctions proved to be effective. &mmiea would wish to sec tbe Council cal1 imm~ately on the ?Jnited Klagdam ta put down tbs rebelkn in its sauthem Rhodesiao territory. The wnited cm need neitber advice nor guidsnce from anyon@ an bow to deal witb rebellion. The armais of Britisb colonial bistory are replete witb examples of British experience in tLxis area. It bas been a cardinal principle of British colonial policy tbat all defiance of constituted autbority must be met witb the full strengtb and vigour of the forces at the conunmd of the legitimate authorities. Thts Princip&e bas goickd Britain for centwies. 24. How ca0 the United Kingdom be allowed to say: We bave no presence in tbat territory (except a solitaq Governor, now under bouse arrest). aad net to say: We do propose to establish a presence? But the Unïted Kimdom wants the Securitv Cooncil ta accept its judge&ek that tbïs is the oniy methoc of dealiog with the situation. NO~, let us suppose that the economic sanctions cao indeed bring the rebels to their senses. and that tbese measures would be effective in a year or hvo. What Will ti the situation in tbe Territorv in tbe meantime? Q%c willssfe the rights and iïberties of tbe 4 millior Africans md of tbose non-Africans who are opposec to the policies of tbe Smith r&ime? These are al: people for whom tbe United Kingdom bas clea~ constitutionaI responsibility. 25. Will the African leaders now in detention con. tinue to be held as hostages foi the good behaviou] of tbe populace. and held as hostages by rebell in a country about which tbe Uni+ed Kingdom ha: told us in rtnging tones that it has an obligation to tbe people of Southern Rhodesia and is determïnec to folfil tbat obligation? “1 listened to your statement regardling Rhodesia over the British Broadcastlng Corporation. If that is all you bave to tel1 the democratic world, 1 am net impressed. In the meantime, millions of humaa beings, men, women aad children, are sweating uader this illegal seizure of power by the Smith Government. Please talk less aad act ltke a fearles6 leader. We know that they are Negroes, bat they are entitled to the 8ame protection as the mites. Thls is how we feel in Jamaica.n The Prime Minister of Janmica then made a public statement in the followlag terms: “1 wa8 shocked and amazed that Rhodesia’s Prime Minieter Ian Smith had carried through his illegal threat of unilateral declaration of independence aad 1 oannot 8ee how Britala or aay other civilized country could treat this matter with complacency. Smith’6 declaration is a complete violation of a11 the priaciples of decency. justice and fair play, and if Britain does net take appropriate action in this matter she Will lose a respect which she Will never regain.R 27. If the United Kiagdom. for its ovm reasons is convlaced that it ought not to resort to the use of force, Yamaica would wish to see the Council go further into this question with the Government of Great Britala. We bave believed and we continue to believe that the United Nations should not call upoa aay Goverament to employ milltary force uatii it has held detailed consultations with that Goverament and has considered the implications of the application of force. But somehow constitutional law aad order ought to he restored la Southern Rhodesia. Jamaica wishes to suggest that the United Kingdom should now be asked to say whether it would wish to bave assistance from Members of the United Nations in providing contlagen:s of police for service in Southern Rhodesia and in providlag the military uaits which would be needed to prote& those policemen. 28. It seems to u8 also that there are a few additional mestions which ewld be addressed to the Wnited IÛngdora. The first of those questions is: why is the Constltation of 1961 still intact? That Constitution was the subject of resolutions by the Security Couhcil aad by the General Assembly over two years ago. lt offends agalast ail the prlnciples of democracy which bave corne to be universally reeognized throuahout the aost-war world. It is a Constitution w&h deniesthe principles of one man. one vote. Ié entrenohes privilege and Iegitimlzes exploitation and domination of man by mari. MI-. Smith%3 Govemnent. made its position clear titotaon for an ecent commomveaat% Prime “The Government deplores snd condemns the action taken by Mr. Smith’s rebel Government. The Government is convinced however tbat verbal condemnation alone of Mr. Smith% action Will net b-ring about sccial justice in Rhodes& snd that the British Govermnent which still has both the constitational and moral responsibility to protect the African maioritv should take steos to make its constitutional powers” in Rhodesia eff&tiv@. “The United Kingdom Government has announced a number of rneasures very largely in the economic field but the Government of Jamaica regrets to note that these measures would still a:low Rbodesia to import and expoit its goods to a?d from the United Kingdorq althoughwithoutpreferenlialtariffs. It urges therefore that the circumstances rlearly iustifv a total embareo of trade and further tbat - _ steps should be taken to prevent Rhodesia from importing and exporting goods through South Africa or any other country which may supportMr. Smith’s cause. *In summary therefore tbe Govermnent of Jamaica calls upon the United Kingdom Government to revoke the 1961 Constitution and to take steps to ensuré that the pcwers of Her Majesty in Rhodesla ar@ effectively restored to tbe end tbat, by consultation with a11 the people of Rhodes& a constitution providing for majority rule witb a demccratically elected govermnent be instalhd. “SO far as Jamaica is concerned Jamaioa Will support any action taken by the United Kingdom and the United Nations including tbe use of force to remove the illegaal Government in Rhcdesia. The Cabinet also decided tbat Jamaica will cease to tradc witb Rhodesia and ffiurtber will net allow into ;amaica gcods of Rbcdesian origin export@d through another country. Al1 financial transactions with Rhodesia, recurrent and capital, Will now become subject to exchange control. Passports issued by Mr. Smith’s Govennment Will net b@ recognized. Jamaica will net recognize the Smith Govermnent and the Government Will consider in what way it cari give assistance to those cou+ tries which may he adversely affected by the unilateral declaration of independence.