S/PV.1687 Security Council

Mr. President, permit mc first to thank you and the members of the Security Co11nci1 for ucccding to my request to bc allvwcd to partlcipatc, WI I~chalf of the African Group ut the Unltcd Na!ions, in the Im%ellt lllcellllg of UlC (‘ollllcil. 44. This n~cetlng of the Security Cvw~cil has been caUcd jointly by the rcprcseotativc of Zambia, the thrco African nirmbors of the Council and the roproscntativc of Yugvdavia, for the purpose of considering serious acts of aggression commlttod by the white, illegal and racist rEghnc in the Urltish colony of Southern Rhodesia. Ilcforc I go further, it is my duty rv inform you that the African Croup, iu whvsc nmnc 1 speak, daeply dcplorcs thcsc wanton acts of aggression and has vowed to stand solidly behind the brotherly pcvplc of Zambia in their hour of krial. 4.5, In this regard I shculd Uko to rend out a copy of a t&gram of solidarity which the African Group has dhpatched to President Kaunda: “TIN African Group at the United Nations, having considered the unjustlflrd blockudc of Ian Snljtl~ and Ms illegal &lme against Zambia, has u~~ani~nously nuthorizcd me to express to you its unqualified solidarity with the Government and brotherly people uf Zaoibia and to assure them through you of its continued support at all ~- 1i1ncs.” 46 The African Croup is convinced that aothing can dctcr the Govermnent and people of Zambia from their detcrminatlon to maintain their sovereignty and economic integ rity, in the face of unjust and unwarruntcd provocations frvin the lllcgal Ian Smith r&imc. 47. Any country so dcdlcated and cvnsccrated to the African libcrativn struggle as Zambia must often fact sonic severe tests of its dctcrtnhlillion and fvrtitudo. So It is that Zambia is IIVW being made to suffer for the worthy struggle of the gailant freedom fighters of Zlmbabwo to libcrato their country from a usurping, racist minority rEgime. 48. OIIC of the nlanifestations of the uoilatcral declaration of‘ Indcpc~ldcncc by Ian Slni6h and his illegP1 rfghc wus the evolution in Zimbabwe of the qpcrations of UIC Zimbabwe African National UII~OII (ZANU), the Zimbabwe African i’eoplc’s llnion (ZAl’t!) and the 1%~ for the Liberation nf Zhnbabwc (I~l~OLlZl). Lk it noted that ~rlost of’ thcsc militants arc opcraling inside Zimbabwe with the active support ol’ the indigenous oppressed pcvpic. 4% I’hc i~hvdasian decision to empower provincial cvmmisslonc~s to impost sununa~y collcctivc l’h~cs vn African coriimuiiilies suspcctcd of assisting ur harbouring ~IlC~lillil liglitcis underscores the vvcrwhchnin~; support UIC militants en]oy. No wonder Ian Sn:ith and Ills cohorts ale p;Illicking. wsnt to~Rhodeda inltially either as traders or ovangellsts. Having coveted t1l.s land and the potential of Rhodeda and attracted by the congenIal weather, they employed Intrigues, duplicity and, indeed, their superior technolqy to subjugate and onslave the more Ulan 5 mIllIon Africans. The illcgcl Wateral declaration of independence only holghtcncd the movcmcnt of liberation, which was thn gathcrIng momentum. 51. Ono of the salient facts of our %ontcmporary world,. we need be remInded, is the emergence of notIons into independence, one of whose cheractaristics has been the intense feeling of nationalism. That phenomenon followed the break-up of the Ronm Empire and, taking deep root in i=urop, has lately been very much in evidence in Africa and clsewhsre. L?ven in Southorn Rhodesia, it was that same feeling of nationalism that moved the white minority racists to make their illegal declaration of Independence. if the Africans are now exerchhig their inherent right In the name of nationalism and self-defence within the rcquircmcnts of the Charter, which talks of the self~determination of peoples, then why should Zambia he made a scapegoat? 57, The liberation struggle will contllme, and it will continue to have the support of Zambia and all Africa because it is a just struggle for peace and human dignity. There can be a lpsting peace 0nIy when all men are free. The r;ontinued subjugation of people in Zimbabwe, as well as In other parts of southern .Africa and elsewhere in Africa, therefore constitutes a threat to the peace of the world wldch ‘can hardly be ignored or condoned. These new aggressive acts of the Smith r&Imc furthor prove the fact already recognizcd by the Coud that the situation In Zimbabwe poses suc11 a threat, and the Coutlcil must consequently resolve that that source of tension must be removed. 53, As 1 speak, RhodesIan security forces supported by those of South Africa are committing various acts of aggression against the friendly and peace-loving peopl;r of Zambia. The unwarranted IncursIons and the landminhig of the Zamblan border by Rhodesian and South African forzcs havo killed and injured eight Zambians. The involvement of South Africsn security forces in those naked acts of agsr~ssion has been reported in ‘Ilc lht~ottdst of 13 Janurtry, which said that two of thc‘soidiers killed and two of those injured ~II t110 skirmlshcs along the Zamblan- IUI~~OSI;III border were S~)uth Africans masquerading ns pi~lic0n1011 who wcrc in fact soldIors. The rcprcscntativc of Zarnbla hus nlrcady rofiirrcd 10 fhat Irlcidcut. What futtltcl ovldoncu do wu 110od of Strulh Africa’s shameful involve- IllCllt ill IhOW UCb Of’ U~KSSkJll? l’hn c011tl11ucd prcancc and Iiilcrvciitloii ol’ tlic~c South hfrlcun forces in Southern Khodosia aerlously thrcatcn UIC sovcroignty and tcrrltorial inlcgrI(y of ncighbou:ltlg Afrlcnn States. Tills is (I situuticm which ~:ose~ a tliiuiit lo inlori~ational pcucc and socurlty. ‘I Ilo 11i~cr11i1~io11111 cc~iir~iiiliiiry, rultl pi~rllc~~lnriy this ~‘ouncil, 55. The application of total sanctions against Rhodcsla by Zambia, which Is landlocked, Is n singular act of courage which Implies sacrifices in the costly oxtcnslon of cornmunlcatlon systems. In tllis comIexion, my dclcgation wishes to extend our approciatlon to the brotherly pcoplcs of the United Hepublic of Tanzania, Zaire, Kenya and Malawi for their meritorious act of co-operation in Ztuubla’s hour of need, 56, On the issue of the Illegal Rhodesinn blockado, uiy delcgatlon is of the view that the right of landlocked cowitdes to access to the sea must be scrupulously respected by all civilized nations. The erectlon of the blockade by Rhodes& Is a provocative act, and the United Kingdom, as the adtnlnistering Power, has an obligation to ersure by all means at its disposal that it Is rclled back. For the time behg, my delegation ‘believes that Zambia is entitled to international assistance ia terms of Articles 49 and 50 of the Charter. More thau that, Security Council resolutions 253 (1968) and 277 1970) must now be Invoked to assist Zambia because o I tho doleterlous effects on its economy of the application of sanctions against Rhddesia to which it Is fully committed. Uy responding promptly, the Council would be putflng into effect an operative paragraph of.its own resolutions. 57. The cru of this source of tenston is closely rclatcd to the present trouble in Rhodesia. The existing daplorablo tragedy ia Zhnbabwe has Its origins In a policy pursued actively by the United Kingdom shlce f 923 and designed to hand over power to the wllitc minority rbgIme. The Unltcd Kingdom took further steps in that dIrection when It dccidcd to transfer to ,Southern Rhodt& certain attributes of sovereignty at tho time of the dissolution of the Central African Fedoration. Ghana ulld other African countries pointed out the grave iniplications of thus0 steps before Ulc Security Council in August 1963 /SW S/.5382/. WC spoke out then against UIO modsiitios of the transfer and, indeed, against the transfer of authority to a Govcrrimcnt nut based on majority rule. At that time, Ian SmIlh had come to power through the wholly unsultablc Constltutio~~ of’ 1961 and was boasting about scizhzg independence by force. Yet whoa Ghana prcsentcd to the Council a draft r~‘~&Wn [,S/.~42S//~ev, l/ thnt would have pcvc~~tcd the handing over of any ;rmed forces or nGlitnry aircraft to UIC racist r&$nc of Ian Smith, the United Kingdom IIWJ ils veto to prcvcnt that text from being aduptcd. Except for the 58. It is very easy to see from this development that the present treasonable situation in Zimbabwe flows directly from the United Kingdom Government’s veto of the Security Council \&aft resolution in September 1963. The British Goverrirnent has unfortunately repeated this sad ritual on a number of subsequent occasions in order to block any meaningful action on Rhodesia. For this reason, my delegation must reaffirm its conviction that the primary responsibility for the events in Zimbabwe Yes with th? British Government. We see in this our justification for calling on that Government to use all means, including the possible use of force, to quell the rebellion in Zimbabwe &I a fast measure. 59. My delegation further holds the United Kingdom responsible for the events in Zimbabwe on account of its contention that a “Parliiimentary Convention” prevents it from exercising its undoubted legal powers to give effect in Southern Rhodesia to the decisicms of the General Assembly and the Security Council. Because of this British parliamentary &tion, the international community is often lulled into accepting the ridiculous claim by the United Kingdom Government that Southern Rhodesia had never been a “colony” in the accepted and traditional sense of the word, but a “self-governing” Territory. On the basis of this argument, the United Kingdom initially refused to have the problem of Southern Rhodesia discussed at the United Nations. On grounds of this same fiction, the United Kingdom Government still refuses to comply with Article 73 (e) of the Charter which enjoins colonial and administering Powers to transmit each year to the Secretary- General information on their Territories. The illogical circumstances created by this fiction is that the United Kingdom was prepared to supply information about Ghana when it had achieved a large -ueasure of internal self-government comparable to the status of Southern Rhodesia. Are we to understand that the above-mentioned British argumerit did not apply in the case of Ghana at the time? 60. This argument by which the United Kingdom proclaims its powerlessness to take effective measures against a particular @ime which has rebelled ccgainst the B&t& Crown and Parliament, to my mind, is strange and unacceptable in the face of the United Kingdom’s apparent acceptance of its obligation with regard to Southern Rhodesia. In the view of my de!egation, immediately the United Kingdom found itself unable to take the necessary effective measures, it should have given way to the United Nations and the international community, to consider taking action under Articles 41 and 42, for instance. Instead, we have had the curious position of the United Kingdom protecting the racist regime from outside pressure since, under international law, it is a British colony, while the ,Uni ted Kingdom itself excuses its failure to exercise its 61. The daily erosion of these inalienable rights causes my delegation the greatest concern. The United Kingdom has stood by and watched Ian Smith and his collaborators pass a series of discriminatory laws against the Africans which have made conditions in Southern Rhodesia no better than those in the aporrheid r@irne of South Africa. Large numbers of Africans have beea evicted and dumped on to barren lands. In fact, the 5 million African inhabitants are allotted some 44 mihion acres of the worst agricultural land in the Territory, while the quarter of a million white settlers are allotted about 41 million acres of the best l&Id. African farmers suffer discrimipation in the prices paid for their products, in the crops they are allowed to produce and in agricultural loans and credits. African industrial wages are on average less than one tenth of those paid to Europeans; Africans cre excluded from all the better paid employment in industry and are also in practice denied any entry into the professions. Africans are not allowed to own or rent property in the central urban areas; they are discriminated aginst in shops, hotels and places of entertaiument and recreation, and every African must carry a pass. Education for the African population is confmed to the minimum necessary knowledge required to equip a farm labourer or an unskilled industriai worker. The system of taxation imposed by the racist rGgime places an undue burden on the African inhabitants and indirect taxes are levied upon the necessities of the poorer classes of the population who are, of course, the Africans. Every avenue for constitutional redress has been closed. African political parties, ZANU and ZAPU, have been proscribed and their leaders detained; almost every type of legitimate political activity by Africans has-been declared illegal and there is no political or industrial method by which the inhabitants can make their demands short of violence. Is it surprising then that the ninth Summit Conference of the Organization of African Unity stated in a resolution that the “prevailing situation leaves the Afr’!can people . . . no other choice but armed struggle”/see S/10741 of 20 July 1972/? 62. We must all recognize that the situation in Southern Rhodesia is particularly grave. Ian Smith continues in power and seems to be perpetuating and strengthening his r&me. The rebellion has taken on wider and more serious dimensions; South African mercenaries and armed forces have intervened in Southern Rhodesia and made common cause with the illegal racist regime in order to perpetrate more repressive acts, including political executions, against the African people in Zimbabwe. In fact, as I have stated in considerable detail, the regime grows each day more and more like the abhorrent apartheid regime of South Africa. The position of the Rhodesian African is rapidly deteriorating and there is a frightening diminution of his chances of gaining proper education and employment while his chances of improving his social status and holding land have equally suffered a severe set-back. He beholds before his 64. Aher II critical analysis, it bccarno evident to my d3lcgaUolr that t!u: mrumcc In which Ill9 IMlsh sought to nchieve, for axample, the first pcii1ciplc~guacantCCS of uniml&d pwcess to ma]oclty rule-was dcsignad to ovoid giving a cgegoclc and si~~ceco undertaking to onfocce the pcincipis of immediate majocily cule in the Teccltocy, The pc~pusa;ls rlmko of highly complex accangecncnts which WOK! be made to enable UIO Africans ko pcoccod to parity of cepnsentation III the House of Assembly. However, tho United Kingdom surpcish~gty accepted an initial proposition that a quartet of a million whites would bc cepcesentod by 5C members wlfflo 5 mUlion blacks were cepcoaanted by eight, 65. GVNOS Uds no\ PII acccptzmcc of tho caclst theory that the black man in ZhHbabwc wns not fit to govan himself? WIthout goltig hIi2 tfio dfitails, it besame very clear to my dclegatlon that the prwm which had. been luid down for the Afcicar& to reach paclty was too ctm~b9csom9 and too slow. lJnimp&d progress to mujocity rule could never have been brou&l about by UIC ~o~nplcx franchise arrangements wldch included unt~ecossacily chnnsy and difficult lrucdlcs for the Africans, How much easier would it have IICOII If the pop19 of Zimbabwe had been ensrlrcd thr, application of the pcit~clple of “one men, one vote”, as practised in the United Kingdom and othcc pacts of the world whore the 69. When *he above conditions at9 fulfllled, Urn stag9 will than be set for the holding of a constitutional conference with the pactici~ation of !he genuine political cepc9s9ntativos of the antic0 population of Southocn Rhodesia, with a view to the adoption of a new constitution guaranteeing univocsaI adult suffrage-that is, 0110, man, one vote-&co elcotiona and independence. Ghana and other former Bcltlsh colonies went through a similar process to become independent and WC fall to se9 why it should be different In 1110 cas9 of Southern Rhodesia. opefdon of demwcacy iS an 9fiidO Of f&h. Th pfOpOSdS WI& cegacd to tho four other pcinoiplos could be subjected to the sam9 kind of analysis with tho smo cegcottablo result, 66. It was for the same reason that my delegation was highly plcascd that the African p9oplc of Zlmbabwe tightly ccJdcted the pcopasrds, and the Pearce Commission was able to confirm this total c~JectIon, A new opportunity has been offered to the United Kinqdom to work out fresh effective moasuces to CCUS~I ths ccb~llion In Rhodesia and to secure for the Afcl~~ peopf9 Of Zimbabwe their just rights. I 67, The spcciel rcspons!bllity for doing this c9sts on tha Urhl Kiugdom since it has always affirmed that it hm full authority and ccspunsibility for dealirrp, with the Southern Rhodesian rittition. As the administcclng Power, it has the primary ccsponsibility to rcstocc cor~stitutional eovecnlsreut irk Southern Khodcsla, but WI! should’ like to urge thet, in whatever efforts it ~nlght trrdke towards findine a soiution to the prublcm, it should udhcro strictly to the principle 70. Since negotiations wiih the settlers have not pro. ceedcd satlsfactorliy, the time has come for the Uuitod Klngdom Govecmnent to consider pcomotlng such a oonstl~ tutional conference in order to ensure Rhodesia’s progress as a whole. it may be coualled that the early convening of this constitutional conference was urged in tiiz draft resolution presented to the Security Council in Septor~bec 1972 by the African delegations on that Comcll /S/l 0805JRes. I] I The zame .!*sft resolution cont.ained a numbr of other measures wi 3 had all the elements fc,c contributing positively to the +ng of UIO pcobh 0; Southern Rhodesia. WC were ti~ecefoce disappointed that the United Kingdom thought fit to vote against the draft resolution rmd make its adoption impossible, thus thwarting sincccc cf’focts at securing the eu.joyment by the people of Zimbabwe as a whoic o!’ their inallenable cl&t to sclfdctccmination aud independence. The maiu provisions of thhl draft resolution wecc rcpeatcd ~II ccsoiution 2945 (XXVII) adopted by !IIJ Genertil Assembly on 7 December 1972. Ghana L‘ully supported that resoiutiorr, that dw! Elidd bc 110 Indcpcndencc befucc majority rule in Suuthcrl! Kliudesia. A&riU, it is essential that any ~ttlcmcrrt relating to UIO future of that Territory be work::d uut with the fullest participation of’ all the 72, The United Klngdonl aud other pcrumcut nmnbcrs of the Security Council hve flu urgent responsibility of cusuriug tht they und the intcmtional community at lnrge put m and to a racist r6ghic whose oh is to keep a blnck mn]ority in pcnnancnt subjugation. We consider this responsibility vory grnvc. Thy hnve to help bring nboot the conditions rIndor whic11 Southern IUlodosln cnn nc\licvc indcpcndcncc on the basis of the polltical nud socinl equality of all peoples. Thy should deny recoguition of the illegal rOghc aud cnsurc its i~~tc~naticmnl isolation by a fotd nud slncorc adhciaucc to th CCOII~~;~C sanctions imposed by the Council, 73. 111 this regard them is nbuudnnt cvidcnce that Ihe sancUons imposed by the Security Council arc being brcachcd in many dovious wnys. The Ghana Govemnent has conslsteotly n~ahtained that, if any ccononlic blockade of Southern Rhodesia is to be cffcctivc, this Orgnnization should ensm that all its Mmnbcrs, including Pohugnl and South Africa. nuoly the sauctiom faithfullv and sinccrelv. My delcgatih mh&efore shares the con?ction of. &e Assembly, oxpressed in its resolution 2946 (XXVII), that these sanctions will not put au crrd to the illegal racist nllnorlty r8ghne unless they nra coniprchenslve, mildatory, effectively supervised, cuforcod and comolled with bv nil Stntos, phticilarly by South Africa and Portugal. We hust ‘;r.me :!:nt those conditions are fulfilled so that the desired results are achieved. 74. Tills Orgauizatiou must deplore the deliberate opposition and nmco-operation of certain Powers and the refusal of others to coaoperatc with the Uuited Nntions hi the effective npplicatkm of sanctions. It is iii this context that we regret the vacillations sud hypocrley of the very couiitrics which, alas, profess only lip-service to nnticolonialism, We also unreservedly coudem the conthued irnportutlon by, the Govermcut of the Uuitcd States of clmne aud nlckol from Zhubnbwo in open coutrnvcntiou of the provisions of Security Council resolutions 253(1968), 277(1970), 288(1370)aod 314(1972),co1~- trary to the specific obligations assumed by the Ullited States under Articlc 2.5 of tlrc Chnrter. My dclegatiou would like to see those couutries actively IieIpinp to strongthcn the snn%m and extcud thm t; cover S&U, Africa and Portugal, which countlies have tided Soutllcru Khodcsia to flout the wishes of this Organizatiou wit11 impunity, 75. ‘I’he task of tiu: intemtionnl conunu~llty with regard to the ~mhlcnl of Southcru IU~od~sir~ is: clear. WC l;lust take effecti& steps to bring about in Zhnbabwe the overihrow 76. I hove dwelt nt some considcrnble lcugth on the dangers of the htcrnal sltuntiou In Zimbabwe and proposed scmo nmsures by which that situntion may be rcmcdicd. I have douc so hi tlio coiivictioii thut the prcsont nets of aggresslou and subversion ngaiust Zanlbin can censo penm nently ouly when the rcbclliw~ iu Zhnbabwe hns bcou crushed. That will raqulrc that the mist rdghnc of Ian Smith bo cased out aud rcplnced by R Goverumcut based on mjority rule. 111 our judgment, therefore, uny other ~mlutlon cm only be tempornry, sim ihnbin rind the rest of Africn can uever ncccpt the SInith r&ho, by ream of Africa’s nbhorrenco of coloniaHs~n nud u~arhfrl, which arc the very ucgntion of freedom and justice. 77. A policy of indecision and unnecessary prcvnricntion will culy rclnforcc the ficrcc detcrminatlon of & pop10 of Zimbabwe to shake off the voko of hnaorhlism Wnrs of liberatlou, as eloquently dcnlbustratcd d Ind~Chinn, have n way of building their own niomontum. Fed by grass-roots support, thy rarely dishtcgrntc before they have nccom pllshcd their objectives, reached a settlomut or had the clrcun~stancos changed. Motivntcd by love of cotmtry, no sacrifice ts cousidorcd too great. You kill n thousaud and a thousand wnrrlers rise to take their heroic places. OIIC caurlot suppress the indon~itnble spirit of such vnliant people, A shnilnr situation is being cunctcd today 111 Zhnbnbwe and the act of stntesnuu~sl~ip is to corn to terms with this sitwtioii before it assumes frightful proportions rind, like au nvnhclie, sweeps everything before it. 111 that event, the blgoted whites h IUiodcsin who are still livhg III darhiess.will have ouly thcrmlvcs to bhe. 78. As long as the Ulcqnlity of Rhodeslo rctnalns, so long will the Smith rbghnn couthuc to seek to frustrntc the detcmination of r~cighbouriug countries like Zmbin through border closures and eco~ion~lc bhckadcs such as we are wituesslug today, The Smith r&ghne was itself boru out of the first nggressiou that was conmitted whcu the Uuitcd Kingdom, through ucts of mission und commission, made it possible for the racist mujority r6gimc to impose itself illegally ou the ind;gcuous people of Zhbnbwc. A r6girnc borrl out of illegality untl vlolencc UII hurdy be cxpcctcd to rcfraiii from aggressivs acts :@nst its ucighlm~rs. It must go, While this tlic.acli;y rcniahis. the Cuturc:! has the duty, ille soh~~ uud uricni duty, to’rcudcr it hamless tn its neighbours. 81. 7l14 prohlom upon which the Security Cou114il Is collod upon to net Is un Al’rlcan probhu and, as cm African State, my country has of course n groat intcrcst vosted in It. As It is a problem that directly and specially Pffccts Zambia, I need hnrdly point out why Taanaulla Is eveo more ccmcmod, for the lntirmtc brotherly rclatlons bctwecn the United Rcpubiic of liumnia and the Republic of Zmbla nro wall k~lown. Nor do ! need to meutioa why the aggrosslva nctlvitios of tllo inhority racist r6ghc of Inn Smith md Uroso of South Africa, with which country the Smltlr r&m Is III Icaguc, arc as tnucll directed agahst my grave situutioll in the rcgioll aud seriously thr4at411 illt4rilIb tlonal pcuco and security, 84. The outrugeous acts which the Smith r0gimo is committiug and the provocutioas it is porpctrathg aguhst the Republic of Zmublo do liot corn ns a surprise to us. A racist uiiuorlty r6giuiO whose vory existence is not only illegal but also huorul can porpctuutc itself only by crhuinal uud hunioral ~l1ooiis. TIJO insano acts of those two &hues arc ciuiply u niuiilfcstution of the popular opposi~ tlon within Zhbubwc and South Afrlcs ughst the country a; they arc against Zambia, for the two slstor States share not only the com~uou conunittnont to the liberation of the subjugated uud opprossod pcoplos III southm Africa, but also pl~yslcol proximity to tho hotbed of colonial and rnclal strlfc-soutbnt Africa. Cxht4Jlc4 of iJljust~cc and tyrauuy. 111 Zhbabwe, as wall ns 111 South Africa, the I~USSCS nro displaying with ndmirobie courugc their rcsdutc rcjcction of the two r6ghues, aud the oil~lro Afrlm coiitillsnt has dotorrulncd to wlpc away all vcstlgcs of coloniuh and ruuiahu. The world conlmunlty, through th lhltod Nations and other forms Hko the Group of fioJ~nlig1i4d 4ouJitrl4s, 114s exprcsscd its 82. My collcaguo nud brother the rcprcsoutatlvc of Zambia, hbassndor Lusaka, has already rclatcd to tlds Couocil in consldcrablc dctall the oxploslve sltuutioa that has dovclopod ou th &uubluu borders. 01lcc more the illcaal mhoritv racist Smith ~baimc is attcmtha. albolt 111 a ho&sss mu&, to wriggle Gut of its pridicahmt at UIO colltcnipt for und oppooition to th3 cxlstmcc of those shu~nofu! rdghucs 111 South Africa and Zhbubwc. Thus ostracizod from the illt4rlIPtioaul comJuuity, the two arc left heed with the wave of the Iiberutlon.struggle WIUCII will ultlinotely trluniph, 4xp4~ls4 of a couiitry thnt is 1~1 110 WJJ~ to blam for the coJmqumc4.s of Its own rebellion, I’rop4cllod by the hopehs iih@.lon that if hthidution is mnploycd thy will sccuro SOJW kind of’ rclicl; that if blnckmuii is used thy 85. t’Ol~Owh1~ the d4ciSiv4 K’jCCtiOll Of th4 ~Jl~O*~Jll~th proposals for u scttbucnt, UIO vallunt people of Zhbabwo iiuvc iiiteiisified their struggla agctinst the Smith r&lie, l;rccdoni fighters working withh Zhbubwo Ilav~ shokou the power oi’ the rcbcls who have uow been thrown hlto panic uild irr’atioool actions. We 110~ witoess repugmnt somdlcd laws which pcrmil colhtivo punisluuent based OII IilPy pt Solllc breatliiog S~XICC ;Ilrd that if a BcapCgoat is fullId Ulill could serve tile (nlrposc of crcatillg hystcrla IIICY will dlvort attcrltiotl lion1 the realities iosidc %hbabwo, the r&it SJllitil ltud his t’ck~w outhws have Incrcascd their opprcssiou und terror it1 Zhbabw4 and blockedcd Za~ubia frm the I~liodesia~: borders, h tlic uirlrcriy mutual obiig:~ th to del’c~~d their Ihrrc polici4s of reclolisnl und humn cxploitatlon, South Africa lias conic to tlic aid of tlic SaIlsbUry hscist clique by iiicrcasliig its military intcrvcn. tion 111 lJ.ilodcsia by soi~ic 4,000 South At’ricrill tmops, most srlspicior~. Necdloss to point out, such nlcasurc’s arc the Iic!&it of I+mim. ‘I’ll13 alicgatiou that the difficuitics in Whktl h slllith Mid hh L’CihJ rCb& lflld th~JllSCh’CS 4l’C caused by Zmbia lrac no bash whatsocvcr, slucc WC all ~JIOW too WCII that the Zimbabweans n44d IIO WC ttr rmhd them of thclr birth :old inulicu~~l~lc II&.- to 1j6. I]aviug failed to contain -the popular uprising iti %imbabwu, the racist ulinority r6ghuc is now using scnpe. j:out tuctics, Zmbin, being iu Uric forefront, is the inmom ~m6110t4 tnrgot. As sepresoutntivcs nr4 aware, the S~nitll r&uio, In collusi4n with South Africu nud Portugnl, lins riglit Rout if ho thuo of its robellioa intl~osud n serios of cco~ioniic ltctious $signod to blockade Zambia and strangulate its ~ocononiy, Thcru has beeu n systcmtic ihcreabc iii freig!lt 3ntcs, a surchnrgo oh Zmbinn goods conning through tho cmly rsilwny wldcl~ mists nud somotbues nn nbsolute ~lmld~up of goods couthtg throug!t ports in the south which 3’mrbje has bceu forccd to use for many of Its esseutinl Imports, Ajid now Uurc is n cojnplote blocknde from the lZltodesinu border, 91. 111 this con~icxiori WC cuuuot but also rcitornto our im!ignntiou to those Govcmucnts whjch, uuder flimsy prutoxts, hnvo providud rind/or arc ]~rovidi~tg South Africn with uiorul or ntutcrlnl suppot 1, in pnrticulnr those whjch continue shmclessly to provide it with mUitnry cqulpmcnt. As we have been iuforrucll, these weapons are now being usod io collaboration with Ian Sjulth to repress Ute Zimbnbwenus nud inthuidato Zambia. It is all the utorc dcplorablc that aujong the accessories to the crlntos comn~ittcd by the unlloly allluucc of Usbon, Snlisbury rind Pretoria are some of the very tuetnbers of this COUI~CII who do so either through thoh a!liauce with NATO or bi thuh individual capncity. $7, All theso juoves hnvo only one purpose. They ore jntcnded to uudorjujno the frccdorn of Zambin and thus the l’seedoni of Africa. Although Zmbin is the priority target ~IIWV, it is not the fiunl tnrget. The Nun! tnrgct is to wcnkeu itlw liberntiou struggle nud perpetuate co!ouinlism nud m3alisn~ in Zhubabwe and tho rest of Africa. The offoct is slot mly to c1lallunge the ideals, purposes rind princlplrs of +Ile Charter of the Uuitcd Nutious but iudced to underntiuc 1110 vury fouudutiou of our Orgnuizntion. 92. This ostecnted body, the Security COUIICU, hns, under its resolutions, huposed snuctions on Southern R!todosln in order to brhlg down the S~uith r6gime. In A dlsplny of contplete disregurd for Ute Zhubnbwcnns nud 111 violntion of the dccllous of the COUM! attd Uie provislous of the Chnrtcr, certain Powers, including n pcrruunuut member of tho Council, have violuted tho decision on snuctions nguimt Southern IUtodesln. Those violations, ospccially by n pOrs nuuieut meuibcr of the CouncU, could but but ltm th4 cffcct of giving some comfort and encourugeutent to t!~e rucist hiinority rirghuc in Southern Rltodesja. W. la !his woird ambition, lnu Snlfth and his cohorts =]:reatly count 011, rind in fnct arc always nssured of, the ?wtivo support and collnboratiou of the Pretorin clique nud -1110 Lisbou colottialists, who co~tthute w!!h bu]Iutt]iy and in mm~olttpleto disregard of htturnntlonu] public oph~ion and )ttoral et!dcs to pursue the ]1o1icies of colonialis~u nud ‘rociaiis~ii which hiflict up011 those oppressed ~nasscs untold !tiiseries aud 1~unUlintiou. 89. As we know, u!! these nrc but vaht nttcutpts to provent jlte ittovitable wind of freedom wl~ich wi!] u1thunto1y wipe J)ut the vestiges of colouialislu rind exploitation in Africa lmd clsewhorc, The issue is 110 longer whether the Zintbub. tvoans or the South Africuu u~nsses will libernte Ua~~~sulvos i’rom the yoke of oppressive rncinljst tuinority r0ghnes. Tho jssuc is wl~uthor the ir~teruetionnl conuuuuity, rather thnu clml dccisivcly with these opprcssivu rOghnes, will lot the sittuttiou coutiuue to deteriorntu ntjd further thrcntett ~ttternntiouul pence and security. For w4 boliov4 that this c*~plosjve situntion would not hnve arisen had nil. those 93. It need hardly bo nieutioued thut the Pretorin reghno coothum to oxlst nud nuduteiu its urrognoce because of the support tt ciijoys from sonic Western Powers w!tich nliow their citizens to cojttiuuo to illvest iu or trade with Soutlt Africa. Shuilarly, it lm been said ucI fr#i~tilun tltnt Portugal, ecorioriiically weak 0s it is, would ttot hnvo continued to wage colo~lial wnrs 111 Africa without the assistancc of its NATO a!!ios. 94. Al] 111 all, thu implosive situotiou which now obtnins ou the Zuutbinn borders is a direct conscqueucu of the continued cxistcucu of thu rucist ntiuority cliques iu Prutoriu aud Sdisbury, which iu turh owe their cxistcuzc to the f:‘llure on t!ie part of som of the Meutbcrs of !hc Uultcd Nulious to livu up to the priuciplcs uud pu~poscs of the Churter. ( I UICC~IIC~ acted in coufomjty with their rcspectjve ob]jga. 1 ions ut the nppropriatc thne. -! )(I. III this regurd WC cannot but wcu uguin deplore the I ~tumcr in which the Uuitcd Kiugdm, es the admiuistcring I ‘ower, has becu i~u~~dli~~g ihc question of ~outhcrrl Rho. I Iosia. !Yhilc the Unltcd Kingdom IIUS ulweys muintuiacd, I\ IX! rightly so, thut Southern Khodcsin is its colony, there ]I:IS bnea uo irldicution thut it is seriously concmed with % 114 pcoplc of Zimbabwe, for it must bc clearly rcal’i’imcd I InIt the Govcrnulcut of the Clnitcd Kjugdom has Becky 95. Ilju! brings uic to the ~IWUWS whicl~ 1.1~ delegation considers should bc tukcn us B ~~li~linuu~~ by this Council in co~~~lcxio~~ with the problcru under consjdcratiun. Pirst, wc r@~uc &I l’rotorln, wo l~iieva tht it is lllgli Lnc Uia Security Council coufromd Ulc iuanaca posed by Uwt r&ha with nyproprluta oo!loil in coiiforiujty with Uic ralcvnut provIsionsof the Cjnrtar, including UIOSC iii 99. lha African Stntcs lu~vc OII iumorous occnsions drawn tlro uttantlon of tlro Sccurlty Council to the vory sarlous tllrant to lntarnatlonnl puce rued security rcsultillg from the grava dtwtlon provnlliog III soutliarn Afrlcn, But more oftcll tlul11 not UlO C0u11cll luls fnllcd to llvo up to tlla axpaotntions of the Africnn pcoj~la, 5s indeed to tlic aspjrntions of poacc. and frccdori~lovjng alunkiad, 011 too ca5uter VII. At UlO SnlllO thllh it Is usso11t15l for UlC Sa&lty Couucil, 5s a mattar of ttia utmost prlortty, to cdl onca agulnr upon UIC Covarnnlant of South Afrlcu to witlulmw its iuilhry forces from Uia Torrjtory of Soutllarii Rhodosle 5nd to desist fordwjth from Its nets of provocam tjon ng5ins.t tll@ Ihpublic of Znmbin. It is parhops word noting hero tllot those last two dcmnds 010 shply u rajtaration of what the Securjty Counojl has 5lrandy dono on previous occnsio~~s. Iii Uia circuiustut~cas, it Is knportsi~t to uiidarscoro that, III tha intorosts of lntori~utiorlnl pcnca 5nd sacurity 5s wolj 5s h the totcrests of the prcstigo 5nd cffcctivanass of the United Nations, 5ltd mora pnrticulnrly tjic Socurlty Council half, t&s body must tnka npproprintc mcnsurcs to onsura the in~plos~antutjo~~ of Its owe decjs sitar. ulauy occnsio~~s hns tha CouncU bean inmobllizcd by the nlisusa of tha powers of SOIW of its mombars. In uttc~nptirg to rntion5liza Uialr positions, tllcsc nianiizcrs liavc nt tiiuos triad to dcplct Africa’s conccro 5s bchlg unnaccssurlly nl5s111lst. 100. Yat us things now tuko 5 turn for UIC worsa, nloking 5 mnjor coufrontotioo no longor u distnnt raulity but an Lmn~cdinto posslbillty, one would llopc that tllasa Powers will rcmmino ti~all: poshions nlld tnka tlloir rosponsibil~ ltics under tha Chnrtcr nlora sorlously arid rosjlonsibly, Tllc Ihnz.oniun dologotion l~opas thut tlla Security Cou~lcii wiU 5vaji ltsclf of the opportunity of UIC currcut dalibarntio~ls 011 the ProtohjSnllsbury 5~1s of oggrcsslo~~ nguhst %mbiu to tur5 5 LICW pago in the Idstory of ljnltcrd Nutioiis cction h Southarnl Khodcsla. 97, But, above all, my dclcgution subrrlits that this IS no longor tha tjm for Ula Sacurity Council und indaad for UIO Unltad N5tions to ba contentad with Imlfhxartcd nia56urca jn confronting tha zltallenga imposed on It by tha whita minority r6dinc. Tlds cl~5Ucngc must 110w ba inat with tlla full forca of tlia intcri5itloii5l cominunity-morally, pollt. ically and otllcrwlsc, The Sacurity Coumil’s raspousibilitias in Uiis arc very clanr. It must act to rcvorsc tha ulnrinhg tra5d townrds cmfhgration in Utnt nrc5. Thus, h corJdorhg Zmblu’s, nod Indeed Africu’s, currarlt complaint ngnjust t110 forcas of racism and tyranuy das&nad to strmyluta UIC economy of Zmbj5 rued thantoll its vary indapandcnca, tha Security Couucii must find Uru rernady to the root cause of the probjcm. 111 the WR of the sltu5tion of wlricl~ 1110 Cou~~cii 1s cumntly s&cd, the problem lies in tha conti5uatioii of the r6gha of the whit0 ininorlty III Salisbury. I’hut r~glm WIY! ba brmgkt to Its knees. l’ha r&cllkm u~ust be cndcd 5ud tha pcoj~la of Zlmbubwe IIIUS~ bc ullowed to cxercisc their rlyjlt to sall:dotcr~~~in5tlo~~ und illdcpclldctlco. 101. Ptiura to do so could hnvc djsnstrous comaqtmcas for panca hi southcrll Africa, for pcacc III Afrlou rind indeed for pcnco in UIO world. WIG Cou~~cil must recoyuizo Gut tile currant thrcuts ngaiust Znnlbiu nra Just jlart of tllc coloni. Uist, racist and imparlaiist coilsjliecy nlrucd ut porpctuet. Ltlg, no inuttcr nt wht cost, tlio crlslavomcnt of tlio Afrlcnii pcopla, TIIC block& ugalrst Zambia, ucts of nggrcsdoo coamdtted by Portugnl agnitlst ruy ow11 coulltry, the cowai~IIy and shock!ng 5ssnssinotio~~ of uno of Africa’s grwtcst soas.-hn~licnr Cubrui, SccrcturyGanarul of the PAlGC flbrlih Afrlcurw du hlde~~eric]kcltru du Guitr6 L’ tib Verde/.-lwc sjl tukcu jhm III UIIR IWJI~~II of Junu51y. has this COUIWU rcuily need 5ny furthor baroni. otcr to gnugo tlic axjhsivc n5turc of tha sltu5tio1~ III the 5rou brought &out by tha rutldoss, barbnric and CIIII~~IIPI muustrusltlos of tllc desperate IIICII w110 currently r~lc III Lisbon, j’rcturin uud Slllisbulyl I iublnit thut t’ulluro IIOW to uct effcctivcly UII~ ducisivoly could subsequo~~tly ruukc the Sccurily Cm~cli nil unwlllli~g ucco~nplleo of 5 bloody confl5gr5th 98. Ii) tllnt end, wc cxpcct tlirit from tiic j)rosWt dellberutiom will conic tlot only 511 r~~~en~bjguous Security Couacil call for the scrupulous c~~lorccn~e~~t uf the currout nlurldutoty mctjol!s ngaht the Sndtir rSghnc but ulso 5 dccis!ol~ to wldc11 ti10 scope! of El11ctior1e to illcludu 511 tj1c 107. Tho Security Cou~icll has nlroady hnd n11 opportuulty to consldor the couiplnlnts of muy African couutrlos, Mombors of the Uulted Nntlons and vlcthus of clourcut u@rosslon 011 the part of roprcsslvo coloulnllst forces. Znmbln todny Is n vlcthu of aggrosslon, oco~lonUcally nud n9ltarily, Zambia Is au Afrlcnn country ouJoyltig grcnt prostlgo, Its ljrcsldout, Mr, Konnoth Kuuudn, Is 0110 of tho most ldgl~ly ostomod londors of tho conUncut, 011~ of the IllhlO, 104. Wo hnvo oftcu hnd occaslou, In the Cleuoral hsso~ubly or la tho Sccurlty Council, to oxpross the oljluloll that Afrlcnu couutrlos caunot cousldor tholr lndoljoudouc0 us g01iu11~0 or cvoii vlablo ns long ns 011 tlio coiitliioiit of Afrlon thorc romalu coloulahst and racist strongholds, 110 tuattor whut tholr skzc or stutus. WC have oftcu oxprossod this vlow, not so much bocnuso wo wuut to provo our solldnrity, a nutural and poruinuout solldnrlty with our brothers still flghtlag uudor forolgl dornluutlon, but bmnuso oxpcrionco has taught us thnt nuy colo~lial or rnclst r&$uo, unjust aud _ roprcsslvo lu osscuco, lncvltably ongoiulm n process of 7 vloloiico whloh so011 spills over the lluilts of Its torrltory to thrcntoc fhst lho sccurlty of nolghbourlag couutrlos aud 1 thou liitcrjintlonal poaco as a whole, - i 105. 1 roiuouibor thut, at tho thuc when lnu Buith was propnrlug Ills unllutcral doclnrntlon of Indupoudcncc, W~ICI~ ! the ovll dcod had uot yet bcou douo, tho Drgaulzatlon of Afr!cnu Uhlty wns co~~vor~hlg In Accra, Ghnun, Its auuuul coufcrcuco of I-lends of Stuto. The roprosontutlvo of the Unltod Klugdoru III Accra lud established utuuorous cob tacts wlth n vlow to cxplal~Uug, slncc ho could not justify, currout dovolopmnts In Rhodosla, dcvoloptuouts which woro to load to tho prosout Impasse. 1 must state thut the Afrlcnn dclegutlons oxprossod tholr vlowpolut at that tlm with a frankucss aud clcnrsightodu0ss thnt woro remnrkablc. At the thuo, uo shot hud be011 flrod, 110 I~IIIO had exploded, not 0110 drop of blood hud yet Oowod 111 Rhodosla or 111 Its vlciulty; but the Afrlcah wnrulngs, uPutunately, wore nt that tlm la the uaturc of a prophecy or Rhodesia as WOU as for other Torrltorlos 011 the contlpnt still uudor colonial domluatiou, 106. Tho Socurlty Council has for some yoars beau devoting most of Its tlmo to tho multlplc trugodlcs occurrlug ~JII our continent of Africa. The Council bus muy thucs bcou scizcd of problems couccrning Afrlcau Torrltorles uudcr folelgjl domluatlou as such. Rut very oftca the Couticll has also had to collslder the c0lIscqWllU2s to ~jclghbourlng l~~depe~~dc~~t couut~los of the reprcsslve pollclcs pursued III occuplctl ‘l’crrltories, 1 thhrk 1 cm do IIO better than quote the passage devoted to tills qucstlou by the l;orclgu Ministers of Nou&gucd Couutrlcs In thch DccluraOou udoptcd at ticorgetowu last Augusl: “l’hc colo11lul1st aud the ruclst r&hues 111 southcru Africa, aldcd and aucttcd by lutcruatloual hnpcrlailsuj, “The Coiiforonco , . . brings to tho nttoutlon~of the mmm Unltod Nations Or~aulzutlon, nud partlculerly to the nttoiitlon of Uio Socurlty Couiicll, tho nggrcsslvo unturo of such pollclos which clearly vlolnto Intorcatlonnl law nud obviously throaton iut0~tjatiounl poaco rind soburlty,” lcndors most dcvotcd to tho cnuso of freedom aud dlgnlty. 110 icnds ills pcoplc In a wlsc, ponceful nud dotomhlod uuuluor, with n vlow to ncl~lovl~lg dovclopmout nud prop pcrhy III Znnibln. Thnt country doos Its duty 111 the bost posslblc wny towurds Africa nud towards tho lntoruntlonal cou~rnuulty ns n wholo. Thanks to those offorts, Znn~blo Is h the forefront of the Nght for freedom ml justlcc III Africa aud In the world. Thus, that coutairy aud its Prosldcut nro In totnl hamouy with tho prlnclplos aud purposes of the Orgnnlzatlou of Afrlcau Uulty, tho 110~ nlianod countrlcs uud the Chortor of the United Nations. 011 thi ocooslo11, 1 should like to pay a spcokd trlbuto to the Afrlcnu couutrlos lnunodlatoly nolghbourlug Zrunbin-I have In mhld the United Ropubllc of Tnnzanln, Zalro, Kouya nud Malawi-for the uudorstaudlng aud fraterual support they are glvl~ig to Zambia In Its currant trlnls. IIy the saulc token, I should llko to rocnh thnt ills Mnjasty llassan II, tho curront Ijresldont of the Organizntlon of Afrlcnn Unity, hns, 111 this capacity, oxprossod to Presldo!lt Kenneth Knuudn the tribute aud sympnthy of tile wl~olc of Afrlcn for tho honvy sacrlflcos accepted by the pooplo of Zanlbla in Its support for the heroic struggle of the Zhnbabwo pooplo, The Moroccan Sovcrolgu aho assured President Kaundu of tho u~~~ll~uous solldarlty of the couutrios lllombors of OAU und tholr support for the achlevoment of tho objcctivos ml the nftlriijatloii of the rights of that pcoplo~ 108. Thp struggle of the Zhnbabwo pcoplo Is in tuuo with the SOIK.~ of history. It Is complemontnry to nud lusopnrable from the fight of the peoples of Mozambique, Angoln, tiulnea (Uissuuj, South Africa and UIC Saiulta uuder S~UI~SII domluution. TILL. fight of all thcsc l:zoplcs is lcgifinlatc and ~;oilsuuaut with the objcctlves of our Urguuizatlou aud with our co~urjlou Ideals, and therefore It is cutltlcd to have our uudcrstnndlng and full supporl. 109. Today Zambia Is the victim of ccomulc mensurcs of cocrclou ucco~npa~~icd by njliltury nlcusurcs tukcu lu co~~&~jctlou wlth the uclghbuuriug mist aud coloniullst r8giulm, espcclally the I’rotoriu r6glinc, WlIiCll arc Just us luterestcd III the light agalust the lrrcslstlblc ujovcmcut towards frcedojn In that area ml on the whole African Some of the inmedinto causequoucos havr boon trogio, 1 -- should like to cxpress the sympathy of my dclogatlon to the reproseutntlvo of Zaulbla on the trngic loss of life hi his conntry CIS n result of tho oxplosIon of laudmhas of which he hns hiforiuod us todnj*, 114, The Govcrumcut of 2anibla fluds ltsclf iu a dlfflcult clrcuiiis’ ‘IX0 0s a result of thoso devolopmouts. It is its right to coni0 10 Lho Security Comidl. We agroo with It thnt tho dobatc lu the Security Couucll should provldo a useful opportuulty for mubern to oxpross thclr views aud, WC hope, to brlug tholr l~~fluo~~co to bear to put nn cud to the proscut doplornblo situntlorr, 115. My Govcrruncnt has bocn foliowing *ho oltuntiorl vory ~losoly. Uoth sldos have bcm in touch with the Dritjsh Covoraamt nud wo have nmdo It clonr thnt wo should like to see an cud to tho coufrcuitollou, the ro-opening of the bordcl aud an early roturu to poucoful condltious. Agala, 5s Sir Alec Douglas-Ho1no said today, “If we can help, we hove told UIO Zamblnu Govcruruent that wo will do so,” -I Il. Plnnlly, 1 should like to oxpross tho wish tlurt the f-Jnitcd Nntlons, olld especially the Secretary-Ccuoral, will lieed Zaulbla’s appeal oud furnish nil the uocossary o&t- ~me to the Zmblnu Govorunmt so as to cunblo it to lmrsuo Its hmnonious tnsk of econoullc develolment illdopendently of all the obstacles crooted on its pnth by tho racist Govcrnmcnts which ore trying to bccuk it on nn nnvU cbf cconon~lc nud ngitary mensurcs. 116. In a sltuatfou llko the prescut one, there is bound to be mu10 coufuslon bofore we arriva at tho oxnot facts. Thore have beou roports of incldonts of vlolouce on both sldos of tlu border. Tho represontutivo of Znmbh has toduy &oil us nn outhoritntivo nccount of ovants on the Zantbion side of the fro&r. My Govermout hns consistently condcmncd the us.0 of vlolcrlco und luthnidotiou of any kind fcr polltlcul ends, oud we deplore hlcldmts which rduse I~rui aud sufferlug to tndlviduals. I am sure uouc of us will have auy dlfflculty iu strongly urging all concerned to do all ia their powor to provost furthor acts of violence ncross the border. ‘iI 12. Sir Colin CROWE (United Kingdom): We hnve mot today to &ousidor the situation that has arlsou 5s a result of Fecent devclopmouts otl the border botwom Zatubk nud .fiouthorn Rhodosio. It was right Ulnt we should honr first f’rom the rcprosoutntlvc of Zumbla aud frm the roprcseutntivcs of othor couutrlcs which, whothor becnuso of ~!eographlcal location or tholr offlco hi the Africou Group md the Or~a!tizati~u of African Unity, nro most closely illvolved. Wo h5vo llstcuod with grant attentlou to 511 of lilem. With some of what has boeu snld, partlculnrly nbout my own Govemueut, 1 munot bo expected to agree, 111 this ~:ouacll we have ofton bocu over the ground in relation to fho siluatlou In Rhodesia und the role of llcr Mnjcsty’s (~avernruer~t, and I do uot wish to go ovor It ull agoin on the ~acsent ~~ccaslon. 1 have not askod to speak at this early s;:~gc ie order to couccntratc on those aspects. We do not v,imt to lot this dobate dogcncratc Into s&rile coilfioatl;tioii aml argument. Kather, 1 should llke to speak brlcfly on cc,rtaln points on which I thiuk tbro will be general ~!:mnmt rued which may poiut the way to II coustructivo a~~1 helpful result front this dcbato, 11.7. Thor0 lwc been other reports of 4,000 South Africau troops hnvlug recently ontorod Rhodosln. Th5t has beon catogorlcally doulcd by the South Africa11 authoritlos and hi ihe lotter dated 26 Junuary from the roprcsontutlvo of South Africa /S/10870/. My Govomtnent hns no cvideacc to coutradlct the South Afrlcnn doniul of tho story, but WC have long bccu awaro of tho prcscuco of South Afrlcau pollee in Xhodcsla rind the South hfrlcau Guvemment has been aw5re of our dlmpproval and our dcslrc thut they should be withdrawn. It is this sort of thing that illustrutos the dangers of esculutiou which can urlsc from SUCII u eituatlon. It is this dougor thut must concern us most. If I may ugain quote from Sir Ncc llouglas-lloii~o in tllc ilouse of coII1nIL\IIs toduy, IIC suid: ‘WCII 5 Govorniuciil pursulny ruclullst politics inside a country flu&i frcodom fighters conning 1’1’oin uutsido, 1 mu 1 13. In the first place I wish to make it clear that my dg’kgtithJll dCphr5S the Churc by the khk!Sh!l rbgill10 IJf t:w border wllh Zuinbla. I’erhups I inuy quvto what the I I itish I:orclsn ulld COIIII~~IJII~C~~I~~ Sccrctury, Sir Alec - ~3lortll,-Thnt~!s sot11otp~1g.w~ Il~~t all trylto~avo!d,l!e,, cm- -z - 1 lg. -Whatever may be unclear about Uic sltuntlon, liowm +ver, cortatii things aro vory clear, The first is that It bonofits 110 ouo. tile roproscntativo of Za~llb!a’!las alrondy -oxola!nod the diff!cult!es bls countiv fncos, Thov wcro sor’!ous orlough boforo t!lo rccclll dcv~!opmonts, arid IWO boou !mns!fiod by the !llcgal rbgho’s nctlou and Zmbia’s renctian to It. 119. As for the future, It is of course for the Znmbin11 Covornmont to docido its pulley in rcgnrd to the rcsunipW t!on of tllo movcnicnts intcrruptod by the closure of the &do&n bordor if It slmuld be rcopalod. If it doctdos-as it appears from the s]~ecc!~ of the roproscntatlve of Zmbia It has dccldod-that it can now al~ply t!lo ox!stlng snnctiols against !&odes!a w]thout exceptloo, there Is no doubt that that would contribute to the further offoctivoness of sa~mt!ons and itnposo a consldorablc oxtra burden on the RhodesIan balance of pnymonts, That, llowevor, would not be a roam for oxtcnding the existing sanct!ons, As wo have oftw po!11tod out, what Is wrong with the oxlstliig sancthns is not that they nro not wide enough; it is that they are not rigorously enough np!>Hod oven by nil the States which profess to co~llp!y fully with tliciii. 120, We have often made our views clear on the question -of the extention of sanctions as d!st!nct froni making the exlstlng sanctions more offoctivo. The only way !n w!Lh tholr application to Rhode& could h tlicory be made nioro con~prelmsho would be through relntlvoly minor mensures, mnsures which could wall have effects contrary to UIC nhs we wish to ach!eve-for cxnulp!e, a ban oil colilllluil!cat!cIls would prevent further contacts with all parties 111 Rhodesia. This point wns put very clonrly by Ambassador Yost nonrly three yenrs ago, 011 18 March 1970, wllo~l ho said: “Even If it were posslblc, we should uot want to cut off nil the inhabitants of Rhodesia, blacks as wol! ns whites, forcigiicrs as well as nntkmls, from the free flow of lnfonuatlon from outsldo, There miaht be nothhe which would bo nmc agreeable to the nl&r!ty rO.g!me h~ri to ,, hnvo our help in brhglng down an iron curtah nrouud Its people. Certnhly sucll an act would be totally lncffcctlve b inducing Ule rOgho to chnnge Its opprcssivc ]~ol!cics.” jlS3.m mx?tit1g, plm 3.5.J 121. Tlmc points wlllch I have just quoiod arc just ns valid today ns they were tlaee years ago; In fact, In the light of the report of tlic Pearce Comnilssior.~, ml the rcactlons to it, 1 nni not sure that thy are not even nioro perthout todny. hi my case, the ~holc quostlon of sancthus has been rmlttod for study by the Sanctions Conmlttoc under Qcurlty Council resolution 32011972) and it is for thut CommIttee to produce any rocotn~no~~tlstloils necessary. _I- 123. For further progrcss we ore dcpcndentB before all aud nbovc al!, on dcvolopmnts in rolntionis botwccn all partlos w]tll!~l Rhode& Itself. Tilcrc IWO bocn SIX~C positlvo signs 111 th!s rospoct, and there lurve bcou so~uc that arc less mcournglng, But wo caunot uoow afford to abandon hope. A just and acceptable po!!t!cnl scttlemont wltltin Southern Rhodcsln is wlut wo nlust al! pray for, tiuld 011 It all else llngos. Many other probhns IWO been reforrcd to todny, and more will doubtless be mcntionod 111 tllo course of the debate, but If we cau get R pcnceful political settlcnmt those problems will solve thcn~sclvcs. And we mat surely niako sure that what Is said or done In th!s CouncU dccs not lindor the clmnccs of a ponccfu! solutbl, 124. T!IO Sccurlty Cou~lcfl, as was well brought aut In the replies to tllo Sccrct~~Genornl’s note of 2 Pcbrunry 19726 trnnsmittlng the text of Gem-ml Assmbly resoluthti 2864 (XXVI), disposes of sovoral moans of brhiging its Wluonco to bear, ‘Ilie passage of rosolut!ons.!s 0110, but only one, of Umo methods, and !t my be tllnt in the proselit instnmo it is not the rnoti appropriate nlcthod, 111 the prcsunt case, at any rnto, I very mch hop0 that we can rospmd to the hmodinte ileeds of the rll~lllcllt by concentrnt!ug oil Uio agrconmt that unltos us. !iJ. It would bo pronluturc for inc to try to sulliulnr!zo this before otlur morntms of the Count!! hnve spokh, old 1 look forward to hcnrhig wlnt my collcaguos lurvo to MY, I think, however, that no one wtll dispute Uut recent dcvolopmnts 011 the I~~odcsinn~Zambfnn border nro regrettable and that the allovlntion of the resulting luudship aid the !ongcr+ml hpllcntlous need close nttcntlm and careful study. I Ilopc and bcllevo that tile expression of such viows by the mcmbcrs of this Council will itself oxorciso a beacficlnl influcuco upon dcvolopmnts and will cnablc us to consider what sl~ould !YJ done next.

It was with u focling of urgency md grave concorn over the oconon~lc blcckndo uud tile military IIWVCS undertnken by the lllcgal racist r&$ue of Southcru Ihdoslu u@lst Zunlb!~~, whlc11 coast!. tutcd a11 Irnmodlnte tlmut to pcacc und sccurlty !a the whole arm, that my dclcgetion, up011 lustructiow fro111 my Covomlcnt, jolnet! Zambia und other African States In requcstillg au urgcr3t nlcetiug 3f the Security Couiicil. -- G A/R847 ml Add, I. itdf, tQ QhlgO its COUcS0 WhiCh is tho opus0 of confron. 128. T!ccrc Is no nocd for mo, aftcr tlco ex!umstivc and detailed renderlng of all the rolovant facts hy the roproson. tatlves of Zambia and other African States thls aftocnoon, to rcpcat them, They am a!l ~011 known and have becn widely reported III the international press. Conscquontiy, 1 would rnt!cer attempt bclctly to state and undocscorc those disturbing and disturbing!y nova! aspects of the ccisls bofocc us, as seen by my dclcgatlon. I s!nc!l also state what In the view of my Govecmnont must bc done by the Sccurlty Cou,rci!, by the Unltod Nations and by Mumbor Statosespecially by those w!ciB ace involved or w!clch boar spoclal cosponslbillty for tlcc state of affairs sucroundlng the sltuatlon there-if WC arc to protect and off00tlvoly assist a peaco~lovlng Mcmbec State wlclch is undcc pcassuce and blockade and if w0 ac0 to start deahng moanlngfully with tire root causes of the festering hotbed of tension, confliot and wnr in ticat ac0a. tntlo11. 131. Purthcrmorc, If thare wns any n00d for nnyono to hnvc anotlccr proof, Ucls latest d0v0lopment, W~I~CII SO quickly escaiatod into a mnjoc cclsls and confrontation fraught with groat dangers, confirms olme IMOCC two bask points, 132, OIIO, Afrlcan pcobloms and cclsos oxlsting and dovoi. opbqj in southern Afclcan bccausc of racist, coionluilst prnctlccs and Wats waged by South Afclca, Portugal and Southern Ncodesla can be treated as local, marginal or “sma1!“, and cndanyecing ouly regional pcaco and sccurlty, on!y at our own collootlvo peril. The whole intocnationol community has just gone through, and Is still going throug!i, the consoquencos of a war, 0110 of the longest, most dccmaglng intornutionnl cciscs, which stactod as anotlcec “smai!, local, coionlal” intervention, a war which was Initially called. the “perlph0ry” of the major stcatcglc interosts, s~n~ewl~oce in t!cc dcvcloping world. 129. To start with, wo have th0 shocking, Impormlssiblc and, for the United Nations, humillatlng situation tlcat an Illegal racist rr!gbne, wlcich tho admlnls;orbcg Powor lcad the ob!lgation to olimlnnto 0nd whlc!~ the Unlt0d Nations tried 133. Tho accumulation of the cxpioslvo potolltinl 111 tile who10 coglon of southern Afclco, becnuso of attempts of roclst co!~nlai rlrglmes to suppcess the lnoxocablo march of indcpcndonco, equallty*and fcoedom for a!1 Afclcnn nntlons, bccausc of the strategic military lntocosts and lnvoivcmcnts of tlcolc partners, and because of gccat4’owcc rivalries In the rtratogbxdly Important region of the world-all tlnct should not pormlt an~‘onc hcco, or anywhoro 01~0, to conthiuc dcludlng idn~seif that what Is “small” and “ioccc!” today will not, if allowed to ~~ntin~~, bccomc “big” and major and general tomorrow, dlcoctly involving us all, As 1 have. mid, WC hnd a most fcightcning oxporlcnco; we wore taught a losson In another cocnoc of the world. to bring down tluouglc 0conon~lc sanctions and Isalation, now Imposes its own blockades against Cherto~abldlng Mcmbccs of our Ocganlzation. That is a most negative turn of ~cnts whiclc should caus0 th0 gravest concorn on all sides, because it means that the racist, colonialist and outlow c4glmos in southorn Africa, the rf@mes of South Africa, Southern Rlcodcsla and Portugal, in thelr collnslon and conspiracy and aided and abetted by tholr prlndpal trading and allled partners, arc turning to offonslvc and to bolder and bolder acts of aggcossion and dofiance. 130. Tile blockade rf the Zantblan border and the in0reascd ropcosslvc mua~ccs tnkon Inside Southocn Khodcsln by the Smltic ceglna; the defiance of the United Nations constituted by tlro furthor dlsmembecmcnt of Namibia through new “bsntustuns”, and the incroused ccpcosslvo moasurcs tukcn both Insido Namibia and Insid South Afcicu by the uprtireid c6gimc; the co;,tinuutlon of the ctusl colonial war III Angola, Mozambique, Gulnen (!.lissuu) und Cape Verde and the assassinutlon of the lcedocs of thclr ilbcration movements-the most ccccnt being that of Amilr:uc Cubcaiby Poctuga!; the mu’.ua! and joint rnllitucy uctivitlcs and co~opcrution in the rnilltury stcugglo against Al’clcan peoples by ull thcce of those rdgimos; their 134. Too, oyua!ly, whonovor any cclsls situation is loft unattended, whoncvcc all of us do not do cvccythlng for the effectlvo impiemcntation of United Nations decisions in ocdor to coniove the causes and conseqnences of u cc!sls of whlcb we huvc bean sclzcd for so long, whencver WC do not avuli oucsc1v0s of all the posslbllities, powers and measnc0s that the Clructcc has pm in onr Iiunds, then u given situution, , ccisis, wlli not go away, but, on the contrary, will f0stcr, accnnnilutc 0xl~lusivo l~otcrrtial and explode in 1wr fllCP. <MI it-tiio policy and the strategy of the the0 rcnloinjng rooist coloniulist r6glmos, wl~icl~ resort to nay motllod of the cruulost supj~r~sslon and NnzlJiko terror, the niost inlnm~au Qxploltntlon rind discrlmlnntlon, colonial wnrs, ~nggrossloii ngalnst p0nceful iiclglibours, lllcgul occupatlou, exploiting the simt~sightcd intorcsts of others. They do all thut hi order to keoj) tho who10 of soutjiorn Africa uudor their mluorlty colo~dnl rulo rind to lstlmldato, from tllcrc, tlro indoporidcnt arid ucwly llborntcd Stntos. Whnt they Wuut, nnd vht the lutcst Impudent Salisbury actlou is htoudod to nchlovo, is to 1inruss Africuu StatQS, iiifht cco~~omlc dnmugc uu them, bcdQvU tlioir cco~~omic aud other dcvolopmont nod, by so doiug, to prevent them from I~ocoml~ig strong Qnougli to correct the W1101C sltuatloii iii southcru Afrlcn, tn nccordnncc with tjlQ aarter, tilt I~cclaratiou on the Grantlup of lndej~ndcncc to ColonlJ Couutrlcs rmd Peoples e~ld ali tilQ rcievallt Security CbUlidl ntid Gouoral Assembly rcsolutlous, It wns tlio Assembly, nt its last scsslon, in rcsolutlan 2923 E (XXVII?-with rcspcct to tlrc “Situation in South Africa resultlug from tlic pollclos of u~~rthelrl”-wlUcl~, for Qxamplo, nppcalcd: “to Govormncilts, speclallzcd ngc~iclcs,’ uatloual nud intcruntloual orgauizatlons tu~d ludlv~zhnls to provldc greater nsslstnme, dlrcctly or through tli0 GrgnrUzatlor~ of Afrlcnn Uulty, to tiic untloua1 n~ovonicnt of Uic op. pressed pcoplc of South Africa,” 139. Aud nftor all thot, tllc Smith rbglme llns die temerity to justify Its acts of nygrQSSiOl1 0galilst Zumbla by thQ asslstnucc that ZimbabwQ freedom fighters may nud should rccclvo from tlio wliolo Intcriintloiiul commuiilty. Tiio legltlmncy, uccesslty alld 1novltnbility of thclr StrUgglQ is solcmuly rcco@Qd, for it is cnused by illcgnl supprcssloo mid oxploitatlon of and racial dlscrimlnntiou against major ity by minority, 137, In Isis IQtter rcquostlng nil urgont meotlug of the Security Cou~~cll [S/10865/, the re1~roscututlvc of Zambia, Ambnssodor Lusakn, most nppro1~rlatQly and opportunely undorlinos 0. profound truth whorl 110 says: 140. Flru~lly, when speukit~g of coutributory root CUUS~S of the crl~ls, we cnuuot pass by those nctlous, or iuactlous, of certain importnut States, p0rmnnQnt members of the Security Cou11ci1, wlticl~ could not but Qmboldell the lllcgal Smith rbglmo in its nygressIvolioss. Hcru 0110 has 01lly to “This nefarious act was takcu ou the protoxt that Zambia was supporting oud llnrbouriug freedom flghtcrs. Smith wns therefore, ns III the past, boot 011 finding a scnpogont 111 Znmbla for tllo nctions of freedom fighters nlCl~tioll tile faihre of the adminlstcring l’ower, from the boglnuing, to employ nll menus at Its disposal and to noswer all the ob1igatioiis It hns accepted uuder untlomd and intoruntional law; Its porslstcnce III tryhg to Mud some accommodntlon with tlic Smith r8glme outslde the frante. work of the UultQd Nntlons, its dcclslons rind Its prluciples; th0 persistent vctoliig of ~iecossury stroug ~~litlcal rcsolu. tiOllS Of th0 COUllCii. Cqllaily, 0110 has Olliy t0 lllClltiOll ti1Q opcu, officlnl, colltluucd and iaterlslfled vlolatloa of sauc. tlons 0galus.t Southern RhodQsia committed by anorllcr perllIiilior~t lnoliibcr iii char violutioli of tlie most solem~~ obligntlotls under the Chnrtcr. wjtiilll Khodosia-an l1iQvltublo consequence of tlu lnlpo sltlou of Ills rSglm0 on the pcoplc of Zimbabwe,‘, hdood, it is an lnvarlnbly repeated nnd melnucholy oxperlolico throughout IuodQrll his’ ,y that aii tiiosc agnillM whose rule rovolutlous and indolandoncc or liborntlou wars arose, or all tl1os0 who, becuuso of powor and Red-politfk intcrosts, dld not want those revolutions or wnrs of :iberntlou to succeed, ulwnys clnlmcd that they wcro oithor Invented from outside or rcpresentcd only forclgn Inter- VClltiOll, SO tilut SUj~jH’QSsiUg them is jOgitilllatQ and jlOSSj. blc-as if thoro WQrQ ever ally gOllUillC rOVOhtioll or just war of liboratiolt or Indepcndotlce that was uot assisted and supported by brave peoplo from other countrlQs, by all those who have justlco snd freedom and the Qquallty of a11 peoples close to tliolr hearts, 141. We have dwelt at some length on the origilla! nud contributory root causes because WC tl1ink that the ways and means of our denjjng wjth tl1o crises couscd by Salisbury’s action 0gahst Znmbla must bo rolovant to than. And we have to bear III mind, too, at lcnst some of the motives that the racists havo Gi this mnttcr. It is pcrhups not by accident that the blockado against Zambla llas been inlposod precisely at tlic lime wlicu tht coutitry is goirig through a process of basic consolldntlon ef its politicnl structure, designed to make it II struuger Stute uud suslcty. Kllodcsla’s move, 111 clear collusIuti with its pal tilers iu South Africa and Portugal. is uimrd 0t tllc snmc tlmc against Zambia, as a proud, lnd0peudcut sud iion.aligiicd State, an Impcuhit factor iii both the struggle of tlic African peoples for ihe llbcratiuu of thclr cuutincut, and in 138. It suffices here to meiltlou that it ~0s the Security Churici~ which, iii severn~ of’ its resohtions, rcctiguized the le~ltl~uacy of the struggle of the oppressed pedplcs of Africa for tllclr ludopendencc and freedom. It was the tlcclsiou of the Geucral Assembly last your to give to rcprescututivcs of the libcratiou movcmcnts the status of of’flclal observers. It was the Council, III Its rcsolutlon X21 (lY72), dcallng with the InlJst compl;dnt by Scucg:d, WIIICII stated, imr u/la, that: thC iictive liloVWlCllt of tllo Iloll-aligned countries. “ouly complctc respect fur the soverclguty aud territorial Integrity ol’ Sciicgel aud u!I ilic Africail Stutcs bWdCrillg 142. TIIC uuu-aligucd untlous, ill their impurtuut meetings the tcrritorlcs of Gulnca (jhuu), hgoln :1nr1 Moz0mund uc~tivitias ie the lhltcd Nations awl clscwhcrc, have 143. Wo have to condemn all acts of aggression by Southern Rliodesia and any’ assistance it rccelvcs hi that regard as t&oatenhig regional and internatlonai peace and security-es this is not only an African but also a general problem. 144. We must request the rcmovai of any foreign military and paramilitary persomlel stationed in or sent to Southem Rhodesia to help the Smith r8gime. 145. We n1u.Q rededicate ourselves to sttengthsning do sanctions against Southern Rhodesia and to a more effcc. tivo struggle against any and anyono’s violation of them, AU violations must be stopped. More effective measures must be Introduced hi this rcspcck. AlJ loop-holes must be closed. The Committee on Sanctions wlllch is currently on&aged in franllng new recommendations for the Council along these lines must aulckly arcon~&sh its task. In short we must both streng&cn &r actions against the diseases of cola. niaiism and apurthe&l as a cause of permanent aggression againsj African countries and hitensify our assistance to tho peoples of Zimbabwe, South Africa and the Portuguesa colonies hrattainlng thclr indepcndonco and frcodom, 146. Fhndly the Republic of Zambia camlot boar aioncand could not be cxpccted to do so-the economic difflcultlcs and consequences of battling against Southern Rhodesia’s economic aggression, cspcciaily taking Into account its difficult, special and compllcatcd land.lockcd and transport situation. Under the Charter’s Artlclcs 49 ald 50 and Security Council resolutions 253 (1968) and 277 (1970), Zambia is cntitlcd to economic assistance, and that should be a matter with which we must also deal effect~vcly. if it would help for tho Council to decide to send a mission or a team of ‘>xixperts or a representative of the SccretaryGcnenl to go to see and review on the spot with tho Govcrnmenf of Zambia (ho needs and requiremcnts in that respect, we should do that too. 153. The closing of the border with Zambia decreed by the Smith r6ghne and the hltroduction uf who! amounts to an eco1101nlc blockade against that country have been the culininathig pohits hi a whole series of acts of gross provocation agafnst Zambia by the colonialist and racist r&imes. The Southom Rhodcsian racists are ~novlng from brutal oppression of.the national tlbcratlon struggio of the indigenous African population of Zimbabwe to open attacks on neighbourhig African States. 154. The Smith rfghnc is irytllg to cotwal its rcat lnotivcs for closing ttlc frontier with Zambia and for other acts of aggression, As a prctcxt for thclr rcccllt acts, die rutcr:: ill Salisbury cite the death of two South African i~ollc~ wn who set off u ~IIIC ultcgcdly laid by poopto opcrutlng from Zambiau territory. Thus Smith und his ~cc~III~IIc~~ arc trying to nuke neighbouring courltrios, and III lw~lcda~ Zambia, rcsponslblc for III@ serious crisis 111 their rrrcist IWlicy, luld to hide from world pubtic Upillloll tl1c irrcfutablc uiid well-known fact that il is ttic tmJtJt0 of Zimbabwe thernsclvcs who urc waging lhc resolute national liberation struggle uguitlst their bitter cncnly, 1113 Soutllcrl~ 147. In closi~~g, I should like to stress mcc aghr with ttlc utmost convlctiorl that wc would do bcttcr to deal effcctivciy with this situation n3w, while thcrc is still tiinc, ratticr thaw tomorrow after it has escalalcd into a ma]01 contlagratloii thal WC shutt ait live to rcgrct.

The Security Council has Ihdcsinll racists. Nothing ill the world, not the closcty. ISO. V/o also havo boforo us a Ictter from tho rcproscn. tativos of the African countries mombors of the Sccurlty Council-Cuinoa, Konya and the Sudan-which draws the Councfl’s attention to the cxi~losivo situatton that has developed alon& the borders of Zambta [S/10866/, This matter is also the subject of a letter from the representative of Yugosiavla /S/l 08691, 151. Thus the Security CouncU 110~ tlos before it three concurrent requests that it consider an extremely serious situation which constltutcs a throat to iiitornational peace and security on the African continent and has dovetoped as a result of acts of aggression by tho iitogat rdgime in Southem Rhodesia. 1%. For mDlly years now, tho Southern Rhodcsian racists have been crurylng on a hostiJe policy of provocation with ragard to a young, developing, Independont African State, Zambia, Diversionary manoeuvres and ail kinds of subver. sive nctivitics, attempts to impair Its sovereignty and territorial intep;rity, threats and btachnaii-such are the methods beh:g used by the Southern Rhodeshui racists with the help of their South African aillos against the Republic of Zambia. Recently, however, tho rulers in Sniisbury have further aggravated the situation, The representative of Zambia spoke very co~ivi~~chgly of this when ho produced lrrefutablo evidence of the increased awessiveness of the policy of the Southern Rhodcsiun mcists. such dQVOiO]N~lOlltS PS the Inoroascd ootlvity of the ZhW babwo African Nntlonnl Llbcrotlon Army in Southon Itl~odcsia (ZANLA), Is i~ossibiu only bocausc Uio Salisbury rulers onjoy tho support of Portupgi and Soutll- Aklcn and tholr Wcstorn nlllos and imtactors, ; 1 SS, Uiidor tho circumstnncos the lan Smith rQlni0 iiss tokoii oxtronio inonsuroo; It has cniiod up rcscrvc troops and ~~~obiilzod the spcclai torritorlni units uud thou proccodod to 161 s Tho cioso lhlks bctwoou tho coioninilsts and racists in southor~~ Africu uro 1~) socrct to unyono, The major part of the fliogal trndo with Southern Rhodosln, widc11 Is n violatloa of the mudntory suuctions imposed by the Socurlty Uouncll, pcs through Portugal und South Africn, Aud ns you kuow, 0110 ol‘ tho i~oruuu~ont mombors of tho C0u1~cii. the Unltod Stntos of Anlorlcn, is openly violntirtg cngngo III iiostllo actions against iiulgiibourlag Zambln, 156. Rosort!ng to buiiylng tnctlcs, the Govcrninoi~t Ill Southern Rhodosin is trylrlk to force young African Stntos to witi~iiold support from 1lntiollai ilbornt]oll tilovclw3l~ts rmd rofrnln from i~oi]1111g tholr brothers la tholr just struggle ngniilst the Southon Rhodoshn rucists. UlO couIlc1]‘s sullctlolls, 157. Ti10 colq~loto i~o]~olcss~ioss of such tnctlcs Is obvlous~ 162. The Southern Rhodoslan rind South Afrlcnn ruclsts and tho Portugucso coionizors make u ilvlng 0ut of the oxl~ioitutlon nerd opprosslon of tho Afrlcnn im~i~los, ‘l’hoy ‘Ihis ill%i bco11 SC011 011c0 U~rlill ill tile st,~toll~ollts Illado ut -this mcotitig of the Security CouiuAi by the roi~roso1ltntlvos -t’f the Afrlcnu cowltrIos. tho Unltod Ro’;ubllc of Tnnzanin, :Morocco and Giinm, Gio hnvo oxim&od ihclr fratornnl solidnrlty with the Roi~ublic of Zambln, it car, nlso bo soon aro unltod In their c0nmon fear of the growing nutlonnl llborntlo~l nlovomont lu Africa, ~II tho fnct that i~nrtiolimits a1 the sendon of the Llborntion -( lommitteo of the Organlzatlon of Africnn Unity, rccontiy Ilmid in Accra, witici~ roiwosonts vnrious couutrlos 011 tlio 163, The Southern Rhodcslnn rulers nrc provldln~ nsslstnnco to tho Portuguoso colo~~lzors and pnrtlclputlng hi the i~unltivc oxpodltions in Mozmlbiquo, wl~ilo South Africn, 111 turn, provldos inflltnry i~oilcc units to nssist Portugul und Southern Rhodesia, ns Anibnssudor Lusnkn, tiu reprosontntlvo of Znmbin, has told UY two nguln toduy. Those nrc establlshud fn:ts. Tile Socurlty Council !lns been forced more than onto to consider tho ucts of nnkod uggrossloii comnllttcd by tho nlombcrs of this “uol~oly nillanco” ngolnst tho Ldoimdont und imcc-iovlng countrlos of Afrlcn, TIIO colonlniista nud rnolsts of southoru Afrlcn Iwo n vory long and bloody record, Tho i~eoi~ios subjoctod to lnhunm coi0ulnllst cxploltutlou u11d the independent Afrlcnn countrlos thnt hnvo froquontiy boo0 the victims of aegrossioi~ hi1v0 n score to sottio with thnt trio, The i:usclst ruiors la SaIlsbury, Protorio nud Llsbou know that s0ouor or rutcr they will IIUVO to pny for tholr nctlous rind fuco the just aad stern court of the i~ooi~los, for tho powerful nlovonmt of the i~oopios of Africa for froodom aud indoi~o~~donco cannot bo hold beck by tho colonizors or tho ruoists or thclr protectors, =c:Olltillollt, oxprosscd their dctorminatlon to nchlovo, m~!~rough Joint offorts, tho flnni ilbcrntioll of Afrlco from rrnclst nnd coio~~ial oi~imsslon, Iho intorosts of pcnco rind .sociui progross soquire thnt the dengorous hotbeds of ~co]o~~lalis~~~ and rucim bo romovcd from southm Africa, ~that 1111 Its pcoi~los bo grnnted the right to lndopondoucc rind ~scif~dctort~~lnntio~~, uud thut the ndvonturlst acts of the 1~ tilers III Southcru Rhodcsln be forsofuily condouulcd, ;I 58. The Security COUIICU’S consldcratlon of the question -of the acts of uggressloo commlttcd by the Southern :IUlodeslno racists against Znnlbln Is vory closely litlkcd to Itilo probim WIIICII has boou on the Cou11cli’s ngondn for Zseverni yenrs, unnlely the sltuatlotl wi~ici~ has dovclopod in IWouthorn Rhodosin ns o result ut’ the seizure of power C that country by Siulth’s mist cllquo with the c0nnlviuico -c’f the udmlnlstcrlng Power, the Uultod Klogdom, = I 59. Tho urosont situutlon in Southern Rhodc&3 is kuowa -1~ cvoryon& la11 Smith’s liicgai r0ghno, which has usurped ~I)owcr in a country wi~oso truo nud only mstor Is tho ~w.q~le of Ziinbabwc, bus uot bulked at uiry deed to j flinlrilaili and pcriictuutc the rncist atid colo0luiist systonl Ill $ Ii;it couiitry. The 5 n1ilii01i hidlgo:ol1ous hdiubltollts of : kn~tl~or~~ ]hdcsiu, tlrc Zhhiibwo ]xo]h, arc being s\ilIll*ctcd to unprcccdelltod coionluiist cxi’ioitutlon nud terror. ?9/r’rid public 0i~h1lo11 knows about thrJ tlruco~~lu~~ nmsurcs I lccreetl by tlic Smith uuthoritcs, hichi~ing the so~cuilod 4 ~~:oiicctlvc rcsimslbiilty” of the i~oi111iall00 of tlic various t ~~gioils of Southcrii Rhodcsiu for the Icgitlinutc Ilutlonnl i il)CI.Dtioll strug& of the %iiubuhwc i~ulrlots. 164. Rcc0ntiy tile lllfuiilous niliunce of i’ortugui, South Africa md Southor Rhodesia, whlci~ Is used by Inter. oational hni~erialisin and coi0iiiulisn~ to ineiutuin the c0ionlulist strorigiioid III southcrri Afrlcn uiid to f&lit ugulrlst the forces of 1iali011ai Ilbcrutloi~ :111d lxogrcss iii Afdcu, bus bceo~~ mm uctlve und has bcgue to countor. uttuck agulmt those forces. That is 1110 nhn of South Africa’s uctivc i~artlcli~;~tlol~ in UIC imltlvc oximlitlms mdcrtakcn by Purtupfri @ SaWrn IU~odcsiu. I! wus ;~lso the 0bJuotlve of the cc~ionizcrs III their ~II~~~I~IIS ~nurdcr 01 :I iiroluhmt frccdorn lighter of Africa, the Sccrctury GCIKW~ of I’AilX‘, the gttut SOII ot’ Aflico, A~~~licur (‘al~.ui. l’hc sum coio~~iuilsl niid I~~~]icrlullst 0liJcctivcs urc ]~]Ilg scrvod by tilt Iiiuiiy acts of iifl~,rcssI~~Ii 1~0i11~ cu~~~niittcd by South Africa, l’orlugcil niid SOII~~CIII i<h~Icsi~~ U~U~IIS~ Ihc 1 00. \h’ki [JNbk O~lhiiUli Ulld tiic lhi]tcd %t]lIiiS do ilot t~~y,tiize the Iilcgal rdgliiic of hi Suilth, i~ixl firiiiiy ml 166. The removal of the brldgcboad of colonialism and ruclsm in southcrn Africa is the Ic~lthuatc and aoblo task set forth hr the dcclaratlon adopted by tho Unltod Netions at tha Initlatlve of tho Soviet Union, the Declaration on tho Grantlng of lndepondcnce to Colonial Countrlcs und Pcoplcs, and in many other international logel documents, 170. The Sccurlty Council should, in our ophrlon, oxpand aud strcngthon the application of sanctions agahrst South. orn Rhodesia. It should also tako a dccislon to apply appropriate sanctions oguhrst South Afrlco and Portugal, which are responsible for croating tho conditions whereby Ian Smith’s mcist rEglmc continues to exist and which, through their I~ollclos; are worsening tho situation in this area of Africa nnd helping to create a situation which is a throat I,; peace and security on the conthicnt cf Africa, Any othor course, wluch would create tho Impression that the Council condones Smith’s rnclst rdghnc and 111s acts of provocation agahrst African States, and in particular against Zambia, and that the Council, hrstead of taking effective action agahrst the racist aggressors, is propared to acquiesce ill a po!icy of the fait accompli, would bo ~xtrcmoly dangerous to the cause of peace. 167, Tho responac to tho countor-attack being undortakon by the lmpcrlalists and colonizors must bo, and we bollovo will bo, an oven tightor closing of the ranks of the anUdmperlallst and anti-:oloniPlist forces. 168. The Soviet Union consistently supports, as it has in the past, the peoples who arc strugding for their national turd economic iadepondcnco, In 1~s report on the occasion of the tlfticth annlvcrsary of tho establishment cf the Uniou of Sovlot Socialist Kopubl!cs, the General Secretary of $110 Central Committeo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Uuion, Leonid llylch Ilrozhnov, stated: “We regard it as the goal and function of our lutcrnationnl policy to promote tho reallzation by all peoples of thoir hlalienablo rights and above all tho rlkh! to autonomous, lndopendont development in which they cau enjoy the fruits of present-day clvillzatlon.” Ilte rtmtittg rose at 6.35 p.m. IPOW TO OBTAIN UNlTED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS IJnltcd Nntions publlcrtlonu may bo obtnlnod from bcmksltorcs rind distributors thrcughout the world, Consult your bookstoro IX wrh to: Uldtod Nations, Sales SectJon, New York or Gonova. ~. -*- I’rlco: sus. 2.00 (or equivvlollt In ott1or currcllclus) 73.ll201G - Il~cu~nhur 1976 -. I,‘>25 Litho I,, Ut~ltud Natltm, Now York