S/PV.1688 Security Council

‘Ill0 first nam0 on the list of speakors is that of the reprosontative of Chile. I hivlte him to take a Place at the Council table and to make his statement. 4, Mr. DI& CASANUEVA (Chflo) (interp,retattoti fioni SpatiMiJ: Mr. President, 1 thank you and the members of the %XlJfit) COUJld for YOUJ’ killdJlOSS ill dlOWiJlg 1110 t0 participate hi a debate of such iniportanco. 1 also tako this ol~portunlty to greet you, 88 011 internationnl authority, and your pcoplo, with which Chilo .~joys ties of fratornity and Cl080 CO-O~OJ2JtiOJl. ,S. The Goverruuont and people of Chile wish to cxpross their support of and solldarlty wlth tha Government and People of Zambia, who at this time are suffering from the aggression perpetrated by the colony of Rhodesia, allied OS it is with the racist and colonialist r@mo of South Africa. This tJ@rO!dOJl threatens the security, the sovereignty and the territorial hltogrity of Zambia and is intended to blockade and strangle it economically. This constitutes a crime agalrlst international peace and security and gives rise to indignation not only in Africn but in all parts of the world, oven in the most distant ureas, such OS Chile, where we follow with enthushstn and. admirution the course of the struggle of the African peoples for their freedom, hldupendcnce and human rights. Chile has ulways admired the efforts of Zanbia to speed up its progress and to associate itself with nil undertakings of peace and co-oporp tion; with that country we enjoy ties of friendship and xctivo political, 0co11o1ulc rind cultural cxchangas. 6. The r&nies repudiated by the hiternatlonul COJUmunity, such us those of Rhudoeiu luld South Africa, blruoc 16, General Assembly resolution 2652 (XXV) on the question of Southern Rhodesia affirms the legitln~acy of the armed struggle carried on by the movements of African liberation, and calls upon States to give them moral and material assistance, 17. By iis resolution 2796 (XXVI) on the sa11lc question, the General Assembly, in paragraph 1: “Rcaf~rtm the inallcnable right of the pool~lc of Zhnbabwo to self.detern~natio~i, freedom and indepen dcnce and the legitbnacy of their struggle to secure by ull Use moans at their disposal the enjoyment of that right . . :‘; and in paragraph 9: ‘Wis upm all States, the specfahzcd agoncios and other organizations within the United Nations system, 111 consultation with the Organizatlon of African Unity, to oxtcnd all moral and material assistance to the people of Wmbabwc”. 18. Furthermore, rcsolutlon 2943 (XXVII) recalls the fact that, in consultation with the Orgenization of African ~~~ Unity and, through it, representatives of the national liberation movements of Zimbabwe were invited as obscrvers to participate in the consideration of the question of the situation in the Territory; and paragraph 7 of that rcsoht1011: -, -~ “‘&~/I&W all Covcrnments, the specialized agencies and other organizstions within the United Nations system, in consultation with the Organization of African Unity, to extend all moral and material assistance to the people of Umbabwe”. 19. In paragraph 4 of resolution 2980 (XXVII), the Assembly reiterates its urgent appeal for the granthrg of all possible moral and materinl assistance to the colonial peoples of Africa in thch struggle for liberation from colonial domination. 20. l%uthcrinore, General Assembly rcsolutiun 29015 (XXVII) urges all States to give moral and materiel asslstancc to all peoples struggling for their freedom and indcpendonco. ;.- 22. To consider this problem justly and fairly it is not enough for us to assess the nature of tho incidents that have taken place, noe is it sut’ficicnt to hear dubious excuses or specious cxplanatlons: wo have to get to the very root of the problem and to become convlnced once and for all that Rhodesia and South Africa, because of the political structure of their r&ghiies, increasingly aggressive as they arc becoming, are turning southern Africa into a permanent hot-bed of uncertainty and aggression that disturbs and effects the neighbouring countdos and causes anxiety all over the world. WC consider as very unportant the proposal of Zambia [1687tlr meeting] that a group go to that country to asscas its vulnerability, gauge its needs and daftno its rights. WC must condemn the actions of Rhodesia and South Africa and ponder the need immediately to draw up a statute for the people of Zimbabwe, creating for that people a council similar to the United Nations Councfl for Namibia, for example. 23. The dclagation of Chile considers that the necessary conditions for a final normallzation of the desperate and m-dlsturblng situation in whid Zambia finds itself arc: the clituination of the illegal Rhodesfan r8gimc, the indepondence of the people of Zimbabwe, and the granting to them of the full mcasure of their rights. But that will not be achieved in a day because of the diverse practices that are used to perpetuate the present situation. At the same time, we cannot postpone it year after year, nor can WC delay the solution of a problem which undermines the very efficiency of the United Nations. Thus we must adopt new measures that arc positive and vigorous. 24. We repeat our profound moral support for Zambia’s cause, and we trust in the whn, the wisdom and the sense of responsibility of this Security Council so that, in keeping with its powers, which are so wide, it will clindnate from that part of Africa II danger that can dally become more grave and thus thwart the efforts of the United Nations to achieve stability in a world of peace in which the prlnciplcs of freedom and the sovereignty of States will be respected and whom, once and for all, racism will be outlawed as one of the darkest shames of mankind today. 25. Thn PlII?SlDENT (impretulioti ftm l+ertch): lhc next name on the list of speakers is that of the rcprceentallve of Algeria. i invite bhn to take a plucc at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. I’rcsldcnt, this meeting of the Security Council, in 27. The Security Council is once again lnvited &day to answer tJle appeal of an African country thcoataned ln ite security, confronted wltJ1 an attcmpP to isolate it cuid an attempt at economb stsangulatlon, and exposed to armed aggression from tho racist c&hue hi Rhodesia. The !&cc, powerless to contaJn the developliient of the armed struggle of the Zimbabwe patriots, threatens to attack Zambia, w!dch it accuses of lendhig ass!stancc to the African tlg!1tess. 28. These threats ace not imaglnnly. WhJle tJie border with Zambia was closed and a blockade thus set up on the external trade of Zambia, incidents were multiply~lg in tJle neighbouring areas and large numbers of South Afciccm forces were coming to strengthen the Rhode&m acmy deployed along the Zambezi. ‘II& serious situation is llkely ta worsen capldJy under tJle pceasure of the RhodesJan n’aclsta, who do not hesitate to warn the Lusaka Govecnment tJut “the Khodesie~~ air forwr is able completely to dekastato many capitals of central and east Africa befora anyone rouId even Kft his l&tie fhiger”. These of CoucsB are theh 0~11 word! I, haye just quoted, as reported by many pceagencfes. -“’ ” 29. T&e crids tJn.a develop@ in souU:ern Africa co&his the slsk of u&&ng a cair#..ict whcse scope cannot be foretold by anyone. ,l’he odious a&sWnntlon of Amilcar Cab@, Secretary-GaneraJ of PMGC, ~parf&do Africmo da rttdqmd&wu du Guitti e Chbo Virdej dushg the same period, confirms rite concern ol the At’cican peoples and casts Eght on tJ~e curious synchsanitation which constantly chacacterizes the, actlans of Portugal, Kliadesln and South A.fcicfi. -~....: -. 30. ‘Only -a‘few .monthT ago Amflcar t&bra! was setting forth in the PousUl Comnrittec of UK General Assembly2 UK new situation created in Guinea (Ulssau) and t!~e progress a&loved in the libocatlon strug&, and was addcessing an appoa! ta Portugal to agree to engage in a dialcgue with ?he leadscs of the liberation movement with a view to settling the future of tha corn&y. Cubsal fell, a victhn of a blind colonialism which beli~es !t can thug cUscouceg~ the fight for fCeCdoll1 and ensuco tJie pennanence of its domination. 31. It is thecefoco a matter for Poc&ug~l and the cacist r@me of Rhudcsh to recoup R situation clticactcrized by the development of tho armed Iibetatlon struggle. South -- 32. l’ho wel!&nown con~plloity-a ccunpllclty which wo lurvc been denouncb~g for a long t!mo.-betwoon L&ban, Sa!lsbucy did Pretoria la evldont onto agala in the situation created ln sou’Jlern Afclca, which represents an hnmcdlaio dangen to an indopendont country of Africa, &imbla. Only a few months ago Senegal was a victim of Portuguese a~c~ssJon, and SUC!I lncldents Jmd already accursed ropcatedly ln the past. T!iis confirms Ule fact that (Ii0 pcesenco in Afclca of colonial and racist c&bnos in itself constitutes a pecmanent thceut to the African countries .and oxplahls tho solidacity af Africans i11 their struggle for t!lc tata! Hbocatian of theh continent. ‘I+!& is above a!! a salldacity ivltli the peoples who continue to be subjected ta foreign domination and whose country is prey to foreign oxploita. Uon; witJi tJie peoples who wls!i to recover their freedom and theis dignity. But it is also a mttor of the presorvatian of !ndependence, an Independence which mast African countries acquired only recently, and often thcough vccy 33. Efforts are mnde today to make Zambia pay for Uiia solidarity. Ian Smith flas said dearly: “‘Our objective was and contlnuos io be to make the Zambiau Gavosmout sac ceasou and compel it to face Its responsibilities and cecagnlze the fact that there is among civilizcd nations B code of conduct which it must respect”. It is ironic that Ian &&Jr sliou!d talk to us about a “code of conduct of civl!Jzed nations”. I do not know to what civllJza~an Mr. S~nitb I.9 referring. But we in Africa reject thnt olvilizatIon wltich la so evldently rampant in a RJlodesla which Is subjected to the law of the wllrte racist minority and which so easJ!y disregards UN dignity aud life of mau when that dignity and t!iat life are fhoso of Africans, crushed by its dom!nation. 34. What UIO racist Snllsbucy rkginie refuses to accept is that the Zimbabwe people, awace of its sltuaticn and its rights, from now OII refuses to bow to a domination and nn exploitation wllieli people today can no longoc accept. Its wiJl to liberate i&elf Is evidenced in a stcugglo taking shape and dcvelaplug in a manner wh1cl1 is a matter of ovcc-gcowing conwcn to the illegal Govornmnt of Rhodesia and which loads It to redouble the axtccme measures through which It stcivos to break tho reuistanco of the Africans. 35. The determination of the Zimbabwe poop10 to cccovcc its cigl~ts and put an end to the racist minority cEgbnc was clearly set forth by the Pearce Corm~iission whc~~ it undertook to asaclaili the fec!illgs of the population with ‘36. Such a conclusion urgently warrar:&ed the adoption of : ~-a policy in confo&nhy with the clearly expressed wishes of ~. -the population, if ono wanted to avoid a worsening of the situation v&oh was all too easy to foresee, Tho Security Council has already boon soizcd of this matter by tho African countries which endeavoured to persuado it and also the United Khigdom as tho admhMorit~g Powor, to draw conclusions from the report of tho Poarco Conmtission and to study now possibilities for the sottlomont of a problem whoso olemonts had just beon made ovidont in the most responsible manner. It may not be usoloss to recall that the oountrios of Africa then proposed a now approach to tho question, through the convening of a constitutional conference, under the aegis of the United Kingdom,, h which the rOproSQlltatiVCS of au tho sectors of the Rhodosian population would participate /see S/10606 of 2Abruary 19721. The British veto of our proposal was naturally a source of deop disilluslonn~ent for all African countries, aIi the more so since, as a result of United Khlgdom vetoes, two other principles were rejected which until than had been the corner-stone of our attitude and that of the international community and on which unanimous agreement had always seemed to exist: the principle of consultation of the I&odesiau population on the basis of “one man, one vote”, and the principle that the independence of Rhodesia would not be recognizod prior to the histallation of majority rule. The refusal of the United Kingdom therofore closed die door to any possibility of a settlement of the Rhodesian problem since, while rejecthig the African proposals, the London ‘Govermnont envisaged no ne*v solution, once the one it had negotiated with lan Smith had been rejected. Further, the sitcation became worse because the administering Power was clearly showing that li was now abdicating its rosponsibility of ensuring that t!~ majority would be given its rights in the Government of tl ie country. 37. We have had mauy opportunities of reaffirmirlg that -we recognize the responsibilities assumed by the United Kingdom as administering Powor in Rhodesia. It is clear that this means to us that it is responsible for the state of affairs hi that country and especially for the conditions ill which the Rhddesian people, especially the African majority, will accede to full sovereignty. The unilateral declaration of itldependence by the white minority puts an end noither td the rights of the Africans in Zimbabwe nor to the dlrcct responsibility of the.Unitod Kingdom. We therefore find miacceptable, as does the intornational community as a whole, 11x1 et.!itUde by which the Government of the United Kingdom would consider that its obligations are transferred to the Salisbury Government cvon before, and in confomlity with the will tif U% population, the majority was ennbied normally lo oxcrciso its rights. 3 SC0 itkOdCSi!a: rCpOH Of l/JC ~INIJJ/ss/OJJ OJJ RhOdedoJJ OJJ/JJ/LIJJ under the ChdrttJnJS/Jip of the R&itt ifotrourable tlte Lord Peavce (London, Her MaJcsly’s Stalioncty Offlcc, 1972), Cmd. 4964. 39. ‘IlIe Zunbabwo people, after having made its viowpdnt abundantly clear to the Pearce Commission, is now entirely at the tonder mercies of the Salisbury r8gime, which has ovcry reason to fear the consequences of such clearly oxpressed views. The hlertia of the United Kingdom loaves it full leoway to undertake genera&cd suppression, all the more brutal since it applies to a population which has beon able to make clear its aspirations and which has begun to fight to achlove them. WC know those situations whero, by the succession of violence and reprozsion, a wholo country is fatally drawn into a war which, by the very nature of things, spills over noighbourfng comMes, thus creating an extremely dangerous state of tension. 40. This is what. is now happening on the bordor between Zambia and Rhodesia. The threats against Zambia are felt by all the African countries. Our solidarity with the Zambian people is total, not only because thoy aro Africans but, above all, because they are courageously facing, as they have always done, tho pressures coming from the SaIlsbury righne, resulting from the powerlessness of the hltornational community to impose its authority and its law. Zambia, a neighbour of Rhodesia, is suffering more than any othor country from the implementation of the eoonomic sanctions decreed by the Security Council. It has accepted the sacrifices entailed for it and its people by the implementation of international decisions. It suffers from the diffieultios caused by the presence on its borders of an aroa which is troubled and is Ilkely to become ever more so. Confronted with the coalition of Rhodesia, South Africa artd Portugal, Zambia must also be ablo to count on the support. of then world community and of Uti- $ou~il. 41. be situation brought to this Council today entails threats to peacu on the contirient of Africa and in the world. Yet, at this very thne, tho voice of arms has been stilled in Viet-Nam, putthlg an end to a nightmare which haunted us for so many years. The suffering of the \‘ict-Namese people and tho incredible martyrdom which it has undergone reprosont a very heavy price paid for its fiecdom by a country of the third world. The price should bo more than sufficient for tho froedom of ali peoples to bo respoctod from now on, for mankind to emerge from the horror which accompanied this war, to find in its deepest essc~~co that f%ling of justice and solidarity among all pcoplos wltich the unleashing of violence, the thirst for donrh~ation, had complctcly erased from International relations. Uut if a lesson were to be drawn from this ;Latioq of Afrlchn Unity and !ho govermnon! landers of. -~~ ‘~ many African countriea’hnve issued shtements to condemn ~- 1 !ha criminal acts of the Smith rbgime and support the just stand of the hmbian Govermnent. Tho Govermnonts of some ?fricnn countries bave already initiated prnctlcnl nctlons and mensuros to give ac(ive support to the just struggle of the Zambiaa Govornmcnt, thorcby further domonstrathg !he firm detormino~ion of !he African countries and people to mlite and fight against the common 14% ‘The Countries of Africa have many times appealed to international bodies and to .!he Security Council ‘so thnt, wi@ their support and thdr assistam& they would ~,JJ able to complete Ulo liberation of their continent and free it from the practices of a racism which is an infringement upon Uieir dignjty and an insult to mankind as a whole, Tho s~~~pa!hy ~111c11 they have met and the numerous resolutions adopted in their favour have no! been effcctjvo. They know that !hey must first of all rely on themselves and on !he still limited moans at their dispdsal, in an unequnl struggle wliere the interests of internaticnal politics and !he coalition of interests constantly’ clash. Dut the jntcrna!ional community also has its share of responsibility to nssuule iu a situation which, in !ho final analysis, is a condition for world peace. eucny. 47. The despicsblo act of the Rhodesinn whit0 racist rbgjme has not only rcvealcd its renctlonnry stand of stubbornly making itself the onemy of !hc Afrjcan countries and people but also shown thnt It is putting up a desperate struggle nt UIC end of its tether. The Smith white racist r0glnie, which came to power with the support of imperialjsm, colonialisn~ and nco-colonialism, has long been categorically resisted and opposed by the broad sections of the Zimbnbwe people and has olso met with the opposition of the African countries and all the justice-upholding countries and peoples Ulroughout !hc world. Not long ago the Zimbabwe people, through unremitting struggles, foiled the fraud dant “proposals for the scttlcment of UIC hidependencc dispute of Rhodesia” concocted by the United Kingdom ih collusion wi!h the Smith rbgimc. hi the recent period the armed struggle for nntionnl libcrntion waged by the ,people of southern Africa, has been forging nhend steadily. The Rhodesian white racist r6glmc is Increasingly beset with troubles both internally and externally. It is. tryhg to extrlcnte itself from its plight by carrying out blackmail and provocations against hmbln. This is sheer

On 9 Jonusry 1973, the white racist rdgimo of Rhodesin, OII !he pretext of two South African policemen having been killed by the freedom fighters of the Zimbabwe people, flagrantly declared the closure of its borders with Zambia and bsnned all trnftlc and transport to nud from Zambia, in an nttempt to sabotage the normal economic life of Zambia, and force it to abandon its just stand of supporting !he Zimbabwe people’s struggle. At the same time, !hc Rhodes&n white racist r&gimc has furdier colluded with !.bc South Al%& white racist rEgime and !he Portuguese colonMists in carrying out armed provocations against Z;lmb!n,,, 44. It is reported that Khodesian troops and policemen have even crossed UIC frontier to plant mines within the territory of Zambh and fired in its direction, !hus causing casualties. What is more, !he South African au!horitics have ‘sent an additional 4,000 troops to jo11l the Rhodesinn armed forces and police in creating tension along the Zambian border by Ulreat of force and intensifying, their barbarous repression of the Zimbabwe people. The Rhodes &II white rncist regime has also openly threatened to apply what it calls “collective punishment” on certain tribes in Zimbabwe, in fur!herance of its policy of racial discrimination and oppression. daydremhy. 48. The Zimbabwe people’s struggle is a just struggle against racist oppression and for national liberation. Their just struggle is perfectly right, and n0~011e can obstruct it. The General Assembly ‘and Security Council, in relevant resolutions, have called up011 all countries to give moral and material support to the just struggle of the Zimbabwe people. Au justice-upholding countries and peoylcs am duty bound to givo active support to the just struggle of !he Zimbabwe people. This is nbsolutely !rrcproachnble. How can one use it as a pretext for carrying out blackmail and armed provocations against a sovereign State’which upholds justice? The Security Council has long adopted resolutions to apply strict sanctions against the Smith r8gjme. Do! imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism in collusion with the Sdth r6gimc has continuously sabotaged the sanctions against Rhodesia. Al present, a rucist rkgimo which is sub&c! to sanctions has gone so far as to carry out wanton blockade and prrjvocstions against a sovereigll Member State of the Unl;ed Nations. ‘Ms is not 011ly a gross violation of the Charter but also a gross mockery of the relevant Security Council resolutions. We ccrtnjnly illUS! 4% This is a fresh grave provocation and threat carried out by the Khadesian w!Ute racist r&me with the support of bnpcrialism, colonialism and nco~co~onialisn~ against the people of Zambia, Zimbabwe and other African countries. The Chinese Government and people express great indig nation at, and strongly condemn, these barefaced acts of blackmall and provocation committed by the Rhodesian white racist r6gimc. 46. llle Zuulbinn Covernnlell! has taken resolute measures to resist the blackmull and provocations of 1110 Smith r@ime. This demonstrates the firm determinntion of !he Zambian Cr!velumcnt and people dauntlessly to defend their natioual it!dcpendcnce and sovereignty in defiance of not rcuialll indiffcrenl. 49. The Cldrrese delegation bus listcncd a!tcn!ivcly to the speeches made by the reprascntatives of Zambia alld olhcr 50. 1110 IXBSIDENT: The ucxt mum oo tlu list of spcakcrs Is that of the rcl~rcsentati~~c of Egypt. I juvito l~i111 to take a pluco at the Couucll tablo and to make his stateinciit. 51. Mr. AUDBL MEGUID (Egypt) (ittferprmtiot~ frottl fihlC/J).’ Mr. Prosidcnt, may I first of all congratulate you most warmly on presiding ovor tllc Councii during the month of January aud say how happy we aro to see the represontativo of Iudonesja, a brother and friendly country and a mcn&er of the Group of Noa~Aligned Countries, to which we belong, in the Chair of this important body, The way in wldcl~ you arc guiding th work of the Council will doubtless lead to successful co~~clusior~s worthy of the just cause WC are dofonding and proof of the respect we all attach to the Charter of the world Organization. 52. Spoaking today to support the complaint contained in document S/10665, wlllcll wns so brllliautly submitted to the Couucil at Its meetlug of 29 January by the represcatntivo of Znmbja, Mr. Lusaka /I 687th tttecrhg/, I should -like, on behalf of Egypt and of the Arnb dclegatious, which linvo outrusted n~e with thp task, as Cluhnm of the Arab Group for this month, to oxpress our solidarity with the peoplo nud the Govemneut of Zaulbja III their struBle against Uio rnclst cllquc of Iau Suiitii which iins sot itself up in Salisbury by force uud in the name of jhcy. 53. Syeaking today 1 cannot fail to mention lo tllis body the cowardly asslrsshatiou of a courageous fighter ntid leader of Africa, the deeply lamented Atnjkm C’sbral, President of the African I’alty for the Indcpeedeacc 01 Guinea (liissau) and Caj>c Verde. That slumcful act goes hand in hand with tllc policy of terrorism which is carried out by 111~ l’ortugucsc colonialists io the Tcrritolies ol Augola, Mozambique aud Ch1l11ca (illssau) aud Cape Vcrdc, whic11 they illegally occupy by force. 54. That con~j~a~Isol1 is well I‘oundcd and tile sinlilurily between 1h~Iosia11 aud hJrtup,ucsc tcrrorisrn is ObViimS; out a brutal attack ngalnst Zuobla; todny It is Southern Rhodosin wit! the prctoxt for their 111ikIry intOrvontion is the same-to defend tlmnsclvcs agniust UIO nlovenlents of ’ ljboration that they have tllo nudncity to call “tarrorlm”. 56. In 1967, after the wnr In the Middio I&t, tliorc, was strong speculntiou rognrdjng the possibility ot’ ~1 Israolj~ type actlou against Znuibia because UIO Israeli aggr~s~ioo gave rise to great iatcrest among the govornnioiitnl clrclos of South Africa, partlculnrly after tllc Commandor~i~~Ct~jof of the Israeli Air I’orco addressed hims01f djroctly to the ranking officers of the armies and of the Army Air Collcgo of Voortretverthogie of South Africa. The aunlogy is striihg to us aud we should uot discnrd tllo possibility of this type of tnctics being employed against Zambia since the latter has suppotted the principles of authaclsm aud auti~coloajalisn~, aud nu attack could take place to illustrate thojr bad faith. 11) ordor to provo this, the lmss tells us that II few days ago Rhodesinn elenionts iuvjted Mr. Smith to rmind the adversary Uu.t the Rhodesinn Air Form was quit8 wpblo of wiplug out uumcrous capitals of soutlioru aud oastern Africa before anyone could even rajso a finger to help, 57. lliis is the concept of the strntogy of tlic racist r&iuics; this is the plijlosopl~y of those twentletl~eontury pirates that invade, nttack aud pillage the l~osscssions of otliors. 58. We nre told in the press, too, that Mr. Iau Smith has just this week aunouuced that the provincial coumissiouors that adniinister the tribal lands of luiodosja liavo uuljnllted power to jml~osc fines ou the Africnu conmuuities without hearing their defonco or resorting to the courts. If they dofault ou their payments of tlieso fjoes, their cuttlo can be seized. About 200 Africnus, suspected of having asslstod the uatlonalists iu briuging mm and muuitions to the Rilode. sians from the Mukumbn region of Momnbiquo, aro lo bo iutcrrogntod by the pollee, 59. The Prime Mjuistor of the illognl Rhodesinn r&jmo inflicts collective l~unisluncnts against Uio Africans wlioni IIO suspects of having collaborated with tho freedom fighters, and llc cxpluinod his attitude towards Zambiu by his contention tlut Zanlbiu ussistcd, encouraged alld IJpcd tllosc IIC temlcd the “intcruational ;augstcrs”. 60. The l’retorin~Salisbury-Lisbon uxls, 11uvlt~g bccu spcclflcally streugthened iu the ruilitary field, tiu~u r6gl111cs will cuuti~rue to wage tlicir attucks ugrht the hldaj~oudcrrt couutrics of Africa, r~gaht tl1c llloVcmcl1tS of ljbcrutiou, in order to subjugute ttlcm and to hold thm under thojl don~iuetjon. Uut the Afrlcuo solidarity wlrlcl~ leas crucr~ed strongly will toll the kucll of culouiulhu uud ~ucism, wipe uut any conspiracy ugahst the judopeudence of the co~~tincnt and flnaljy trlurujh. 62,~ Unfortunately, it nppears that tho Charter, which was presumably to be applied to all Members, scrupuously and wholly, exempts certain States and racist rt?gimes and colonialists that only recognize the law of force. Why should they be allowed to apply the Charter for their own bencclt, deriving all the advantages but washing their hands of all obligations it imposes on them? 63, The racist regimes that threaten the north-east of Aftlca and those that threaten the independent countries of southern Africa continue to violate the Charter without being punlshed. Radsts thnt they are, they consider us, developlng countries, as the pariahs of the world. 64. Why should cuch regimes be allowed to apply the law of force in order to deny it to those that suffer from oppression, to those that resist foreign occupation, to those that struggle to liberate their national territory? Not only are they de&d such rights, but furthermore they are being -even deprived of the means of liberating themselves, of obtaining their independence and of resisting tyranny. 65. Why should a country such as Portugal have been allowed for almost three centuries to turn its ferocity against the indigenous populations of Angola, Mozambique )* and Guinea (Blssau)? . . , 66. Why should Ian Smith be allowed an illegal indepen. dence, when a welLearned and legitimate independence is denied the Rhodesian peoples themselves? 67. W!ry do you, members of the Security Councii, fervent believers in the principles of the Charter, allow such nggrcsslons to take place? What. has happened to the power of the Council to preserve inlernationol peace ond socur. ily? Iiave you forgotten that a Chatter exists, on which our Organization’s very existence rests as well as tho salvatloii of the intcrnutioual communityl 68. As 1 stated earlier, it is the same procedure that is employed rul the same goals that arc sought by the aggressor. 70. In the soutb~east and the west of the Africun continent the Portuguasc empire is taking root, the us.0 of brutal and criminnl force 1s becoming general, might is right, and barbarism is invading Africa. 71. As we all see, these daily acts immediately threaten the sovereignly and tcrrltorlal integrity of all African countrios, and international peace and socurlty is behlg jcopordlzed, 72. In the report presented by the Committee on Decolo. niratlon to the General Assembly at its twenty+eventh session4 we read of the military force of the illegal rdgimc of Southern Rhodesia, and that document strcsscs the constaut and Intensive co-operation that exists between South Africa and Salisbury in this field, shown by the detachment of a contingent of 3,000 men equipped with the most mudern weapons to the Zambian frontier to fipht against the llberatlon movements, It was in November 1971 that the Prime Minister ln Pretoria announced that that South African contingent would remain on the frontier of Southern Rhodesia as long as the security of South Africa required it, and he has not broken his word. It is for this reason that my delegation is convmced that, If South Africa had not received foreign military assistance, ,&&bury would not have been able to continue to challenge the United Nations constantly and, jointly with Pretoria, carry out those aggressions against Zambia. 73. In point cf fact, South Africa has become the very centre from which colonialism and racism spread over southern Africa. It is the source of the military end economic assistance sent to the illegal r&&lo of the white minority in Rhodesia, and it exports the odious system of up7rtl&& the new type of twentieth-century slavery, cou nned though it is by the international community. 74. 10 illustrate this fact in economic terms, suffice it to mention that, although the nationul exports of RhodesIn rose to $360 million, representing 10 per cent less than the 1965 expori level, South Africa offic!ally imported from Khodcsia goods to the vduc of $95 million, to say nothlng of the $220 million which, according to tho report of the Committee on Decolonlzatlon, is the equivalent of exporls which were solit to the iuternatior~oi market via South Africa aud Moeambiquc and which are reflected in tho -- “To develop friaudly relations among nations bnsod ou rcs~ot for t!ie !~rh~cI!~lc of eyua! rig!lts aud self.dotormhlatiou of !16oplcs, and to tab other al~l~ro!~rinto n10nsur~s to strcugtlieu uriivorsa! !‘cnce”. 76. Furthermore, the programme of action for thd full it~~plc~~~o~~tntlo~i of the Declnrntiou ln Goucrn! Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), wl~icl~ was ndopted by t!lc As~mbly iu 1970 by resolution 2621 (XXV), ronfflrmcd tlu hluli~u~ able right of colouinl pcoplcs to fight by nl! UIC necessary means nvnilablc to them in order to confront the coloninl Powers. Furthermore, the Stntos Members committed thcmselves to glvo all the morn! aud materin! nssistrmco roquircd by tlie peoples of the colon!al Territories in order to acltieve, their freedom nnd ipdepcudcnce. It is for theso rcaaons that we call up011 the Security Council to glvo its assistrulco to the peoples of Bhodosia to help them to liberate t!mmse!vcs and therefore aliminnto the cause of tension, which the fflagnl Salisbury Covcrnmcnt exploits in order to carry out aggrossiou against Zambia, whose ou!y crime Is to have adhered to the principlee of docolonization as dofhled lu the Charter, 77. My Covcrmncut strongly supports Znmbin in its just cause, fightbIg as it does tigahlst the aggresior, and we condamn the existing collusion between the racists of South Africa arld those of Khodesia In their aggressive acts and in their joint snbotage against Zambia and nll Africa. These violallons of the Charter reqtitrc t!int the Security Council adopt suitable measures to repel the agressor smd to prcscrve all the rights of Zambia, Ua country that is the victinipf tll.5 conspiracy. 78. T!le PKBSIDBNT: T!IC next speaker ou my llst is the representative of Senognl, whom I hit6 to trike n place at the Council table and to make his statement,

Mr. President, un behalf of my Government I should Ukc to thank you for llaviug authorizcd me to tnke pnrt !u the . debate in this Council with rognrd to t!le complaint of the &public of Znmbin ’ ngatnst the fllcgnl Govcrumont of Southern !UiodesIa. My thauks aI6 also addrosscd !o nil the other members of the Comdl, who wcrc good enough to accept the proposal you made to them in this connoxion, 80. Knowbg the feelings of frloudship which you 111 particular and your grcnt pcoplc hi gcrioral have for the peoples of Africa, my dolegniion Is happy to r~ote that you arc presiding over the Security Council in this very pahiL’u1 81. T!mre are concntoi~atioii~ of events whlcli glvo rlsc to sltuntbns where 811 anlightcaed or I:oucst man canaot but impugii the values of whnt stil! romnius of a humai&.m whose virtues appenr more and more dublou& and loss and less acceptnble. That is n dlsturbhlg cohlcldoucc which loads us to uoto that, nt n t!mc whou Africa Is uudorgoing t!~eso uew convu!sious, Europe, thut ~onth~eut of blocs olld ideologies, is eagnged 111 ncgotatlous seckhlg the best wny to ensure the permauoucc of its collcctivc security. At n t!mc whcu Africa Is undcrgoiug t!lcso ucw trials, thu grout Powers finally agree to make pcnco nnd to put au cud to what used to be called the cold wnr-a war that wns not nlwnys “cold” for cvcryonc. 82. Thus, the Council is meeting today to consider the conscquuouc~s of one of these ovcnts curreutly shnklug tho couthsnt of Africa, an ovcnt of which the Govcrmncut and people of Zambia nre the victims, The rep~osentatlvo of Zambia, Ambassador Pnul Lusaka, !las already glvcn t!le COW!! a cicar and objectivc account of the facts/J687tlr t~re&g], 1 believe that uo 0116 wi!! uow gainsny that those facts ore likely to thrcatcn pence and security 111 that part of the world. The Cotmcll must therefore, as provided la the Charter of our Orgnnizatiml, tnke the measures IICCOP sary to put au cud to UI!S stat6 of affairs. As far as it is couccrncd, my delegation fully supports the 12 points proposed yostorday nftcruoon by Ambnssador Lusaka. 83. The question conccruiug us today finds its place hi UIC general frnmework of the g!obal problem of docolonizathl ln Africa rind in particular of that tragic dispute wlth UN British colaly of Southeru Bhor&sk which the Wtcd Kiugdom refuses to settle, 84. The present relations between Zambia aud R!~odcs!a are based 011 the Idstorical past of those two countries, which formerly were one sirlgle territorial entity-the British CO!W~Y of Rhode&. The colouia! authorltics had Utcu concentrated all political aud economic itifrastructures hi the southern pntt of the coEntty, where the lllghest concentrat!on of Europenn set&s was also to be found. That explains why, after Its accessions to indapendonce, Znmbia, the former Nor&em Khodesla, was more or less dependent upon the whit6 settler r6gime of Salisbury, especially im the field of ta!! ond road commun!caUous. Thus, the United Kingdom is nt the ori@ of the facts which 1~~6 led us to the oxplodve situation we deplore today. 8.5. Lot us ids.0 note that relatlous betweou Southern I~!~dosin and the neiylibourirrg ;Qfrican couutrios weI6 greatly worsened by the rebellion of the white settlers 1u Salisbury and the differout events surroundlug that rebel. 86, f:aCCd -With this COI~StUlltly WOl’SoIlillg SituUtiQll, tll0 UllitOd ~IlgdQlll, mWhihI justly Chiulhg ~OSilQ~lSibi~ity fol’ .t!iO ‘RhQdOSiaIl prQblOuI, adQ@d-Ulld Still adQl>tS-all .nttitudo only oucouragiug t110 roboh grouped kouud Iall Su1lth It will bo rccnlled tilnt in October 1964, whou the wldto sottlors i~r Salisbury wore ftrr the first time throaton. iug to sccodo, ho llrltish hill10 Mhistor, Sir llnrold Wilsou, dis1Xltc110d to t110 racist lcudor lull sl1&ll U uoto In w11icl1 IIC part of the l’rotorln nutlmrltlos, Tlio truth Is that Inn Smith wns pushed by his South African ndvlsms und ullios to 11uposO what they cnllcd “sauctions” ngniust Znmbiu. It is uo sccrot to auyo~lo that ho truo instigutor of thnt dccisiou was GOnornl Joubort, ilmd of the South Africsu poke, w110 Is rosl:ousiblo for the 4,000 soldiers uud i~oliconm~ whicll the I’rotorln r!$$no dispotchod to UIO assistauco of tllo Sailsbury Govormnout. The truth is that Smith und his UdViSCd ilhl UgaillSt thC t~~QCiUlllUtiQl1 Qf lllli~atOra~ illdO~~Ol1. d011ce of t1:. COiQlly while givlug llilll 010 nssurnIlco that Ill tb0 ovollt of dlsobodiouco 110 IUOUSU~O~ WQUid bo tnkon ugni11st IulQdosiu. WC lllust ndu1it that that was a11 illllllicir Invitation tb robolliou, uud it must also bo notod that the South Africun protectors nud allies 1uwo bogus to ronlleo the scope of tlio fight wagod on 1Ulodosh Territory by the Zhubabwo frcodom flglltcrs. Thy hnvo had the palaful surprise Qf scoiiig that tlioso flghtors currently OlljQy not only the npgrovnl of the iudigonous populutiou of thnt country but nlso Uloir moral and nlatorinl support. UllitOd ~~illgdOlll ilUd IlOt UCCUStQlllCd US tQ SUCh all illdU~gOllt a~prQUCh. WC Still rCCdi thC ~~rO~ll~~tltoSS With Which th0 l)ritkdl Urllly SO “COUragOQUdy” rC[INSSOd til0 rob~lllon of the s~nnll island of Anguilla. lndeod, the luadors of thnt island woro doubly guilty: they wore both rcbols nud blucks. 91. On the other lmd, thO oxistoncu of the l~opui~lic of Znuibin is a disturbing wituoss for la11 Sn~ith und his ap~rt/zcid friends. It dostroys the vory basis of their rucist theory. ludood, how can they contluuo to pcrsuado 5 u~ilil~~~ blncks in SQuthOru Rhodosin that they nro iucepnblc of loading their country wl~ilo ucxt door their brothers, of tllo same race uud poQi~lo, in tlio formor Northorn IUu~dOsin hUV0 ussuulcd with such cQlllpctouco and dignity the reslmlsibility of tlloir QWII fate? 87. Uuring tla past yonr the Uultod Kingdom 11~s thrice rosortod to its voto to thwart docisious of tlio Security Council against tiu Salisbury r8ghe--oucc 111 February 1972, during the Council’s nicctiugs in Addis Abnba, aud twlco iu a rOihr in Septouhor of tile sanio your in this vory clIaiu&r. Yet all ttlQsC draft rcsQhitiQlls woro collsollallt with UIO provisions of UIO Charter; they woro in kecpiug With th0 OXOrCkC of th0 hk.tQhd, l)QhiCal aud h&.~atiVo rospousibllitios of the Uuitod Kiugdotn for its CQ~QIIY of Soutllorll Rllodcsin. Lot us lloto iii passhlg that the Ceiioral Assembly, at its lust sessiou, supported UIC ma]Qrity of tlio Council by udopthg tlio draft rosolutiou tlint had beau blocked by the British vote, by tlio Qvcrwileluiiug ma]Qrlty Qf 111 VQtOS tQ 4, UlllOtlg Which, Of CQUISO, WOrC thQSC Qf the Unltod Kingdom, Portugal and South Africa /rmlulim 2945 (XXVII)). 92. Soutlioru IUlQdOsh is a cuuutry of the Africau cQnthOnt; 95 per cant of its populatloa is of tllc black rnco. The obstinacy of Ian Snilth hi denying this roaiity in 110 way dctracts from its obviousness. 93. 1110 Ibpublic of Zambia would fail 111 its duty woro it llQt to SLOW its sQ1khrlty with tlm Zlmbnbwc fighters struggling for the freedom aud dignity of their people. Tile United Nations rccognizos the legltituucy of that natlonal liboratlou struggle; SO dms the Orgauizatiou of Africau Ilnity, wl~icll brings to boar its moral nud mntorinl support fQr the Zimbabwe fighters. TllcrOfQro, the Quly siu of tile Znnibiau ~overllluollt is that of reuiaiuiug faill~ful to its ii~tcrnational QbligatiQus and to the decisions and idculs of the Charter of the Unitod Nntious. Uut 1 h couviuced that, if that is a Grim according to tile Salisbury C;overuuiOut, 88. III 1971, the Uultcd Kingdom submlttcd tQ the Couucll the toxt of au Anglo-Riilodosiau agrconlout [S/IO405 of 1 Lkccmber 197lj containlug constitutional as woii as oloctoral and adu~iulstrativo clauses, wl~icll was tQ bc submitted for approval io tllo Kilodosim pcQplo lafolc being carried out. The Pearce Couuuissiou, whicll was chosou to ascertniu the fecliugs of tlio black population of Rhodesia, reached ullequ.i~Qca~ collch~siQ~ls after its nlis. sion. The pcQple of IPhodosln as a whole dtm uot co~isidcr acceptable the propmals of the AuglQXi~Qdcsiau agreetbc f~ciings of the oaulbers of this CQUIICII arc diumctriwliy opposed. ment of last NovcmbCr Us a basis prcpitlg it for indopcndcucc.~.tllat was stated in UIC report of the Pcarcc Com~is. sion. 1 eveu know thal hi the Unitad Kiugdom souic voices 94. To us Africuns, the l<hodcsiau yucstiou is u mttcr of justice and d&oily. We do iiot oppose the r6ginlc currcutiy iu power irl Salisbury bccausc it is coutrollcd by whites, but bccausc that r6gim rcptcscuts but u ~niuusculo horrify 01 the p~~piiiatloii and because 1110 only basis for ils right to exorcist the p~wcr of a State lies h its rnc’:ltbcrs bchlgirlg to a specific I~ICO. were heard wlhg the Ugrce~uc~~t U regrcttablc joke. 89. Still wltidu the frumwork of UIC rcsi,cmibiiitics OI the U&cd Kiugdom, let us recall hut on I7 t+ovelnbcr 1970 the Security Cou~icll adopted resoluti~r~ 288 (1970), urgently cal1i11g upon tire UuitOd Ktngdo~n, as the ~~dn~i~;is. teriug hwor, to take cffcctivc n~ca~urcs to put an cud to OS. lhc Africans of Soulia~n Ihdcsi;~ hvc hkcrl up armed struggle lmause they cmlld 110 iongcr cliousc ti~cii th ~4JUthll ~~hdCSiall rCbChll alld t0 Cllabk tile pCOl)iC of Ilivl couutty freely lo cxcrcisc iI8 right to sclf.dctcr- 97. The Security Council lens the means and is in duty bound to stop tills uso9ess bloodlotting. A racial confron. tation in that 9Jart of UIO African couthlent could not be limIted to the ballks of tlu? Zatnbczi, nor could it bring auy advantage to anyone. 1 was lml)py ycstorday afternoon to hoar that fact stated horc by the rcprcscntative of t9lc United Kingdom [1687th JJJCCthJ~j. But the Unltcd IClnp dam is still rcsl)onsiblc for the RhodesIan problem, and the Security Council must coustantly rcm9nd it of Its duties, as tlic Council did on 17 Novenhr 1970, in Its rcsolurion 288 (1970), when It called upon the Uultcd Kingdom as the odntinisterlng Power: “to take urgent and affective measures to bring to an end the illegal rcbcllion in Southern Rhodesia ond enable the l=oplc to exercise their right to self-dotermination in accordance with the Chartor of tllc United Nations and in conformity with tla ob]cctives of Genera9 Assembly resolution 1514 (XV)“. That resolution was adopted without any veto; It is stl99 valid. Its hnp9emontation would undoubtedly make it possibllo to solve the tragic problem of R9iodcsia once alrd for all. 98. If the United Kiugdom admits its impotence in assuming its responsibllitlcs, it w99l bo up to the Security Council to assume its own, mating use, as has beon done In other cases, of al9 the moans provided for in the Charter for drcumstences of that kind. 99. kst Saturday, at the time when the 9&3nipotentiaries of the parties were in Purls slgnlng tlie agrccmcut wlilch was to put an end to 30 years of war in Viet-Nam, tile President of the United St&s of America issued a proclamation asking all men and womeu of goodwill to unite ln prayers of thanksgivhg In the hops hat that moment would mark not only the end of the war in Wet-Nam, but also the beginning of a now ora of peace in the wtirld aud of understanding among mtn. Wo heeded that appeal. But while praying WC could not fail to feel R sew of nuguish in tldnking of the millions of man and women in various parts of the African continent wllo llavc yet no renson to ~llevc in tlio future of this now era of universal pcece, no ho; ‘: of living, r~lbcit in ho distant future, h a world of undcrstoodiug and brotherhood among mtn. Yet we remain convinced that tliis Council, tluuugh firm, just aud cffcctivc decisions+, WII still awtikon in tl~osc murtyrcd pcoplcs son10 ronson to bolicvc and to hope. loving, fmdonplovhlg aud jw~ticc~lovlng States, your-country is p)gcod vary h&h. ‘- ‘I ‘. .’ .. -, ,lO2. “When P house is on fire, out does not wqry about the stablcs,‘P It was with that phrase-and no mom bittor phrase could be hnaglncd-tllat the Prance’of LOUIS XV, before the beginning of the ,Sevon-Ycnr War, roslgnod Itself to the loss of Its beautiful Cauadian colony, wlvlllcl~ it abandoned to allpowerful Britain, 103. When it is a quostion of a fight for a country linked to Zaire by destfiy, history and geography-and 1 have in rnInd a neighbouring country, a friendly country, close to tlic hearts of all Zahe nationals: Zan~bla--obviously it cullnot be a qu0sUon of resignation or of glvlng In to a fait accompli, that is to say, surrondcrhg to brute force. 104. In fact, as far as we of Zaire ore conccrncd, it is not a question of giving scr~timontal support or of quietly complying with relations of good~neighbourlhless, or of rncrcly fulfilling an hltornational obligation. Our COW mitmont is total. It flows from a reflex of self-defence, as part of self-defence or proventlon, to reaffirm a twofold princlule: tllat of the security of internatlonal trade, on the one hand, and tllot of the principle of the self-determination of peoples, on tlm other. In other words, the Republic of Zaire feels directly involved. Therefore, WC assun~ as our own stmgglo that of the Zambian people, standing as a single man bchiud their courageous guldo, Mr. Kcuneth Kaunda. ln the gesture a!’ despair of the authorPs of tlie rebel, fascist, racist, mhiority S&bury r&&u I_: see a sign of the tinm, natncly, a herald of the sllipwrecked of tllat racist r6ghue. l%.utImmorc, in it we see a type of irony of fate, because it is precisely illat r6gimo againlst which all rmnkh~d has decreed a general embargo that lies at the very heart of a blockado of “undcrdevolopcd”, that :s to say, an upheaval in intcrnatlonal conmunlcatkm and trade. But Irony of fate does not imply fatalism, aud those who thought they were deceiving others will themselves be deceived. 105. Before golug further, WC are justified h questioning tl~e legal nature of the act that llas been committed, In despcrutlon, bfore we try to study it. and draw the incvitablo conscquc~~ccs. 106. Through its reprcsc~:tativo on the Sixtll Commlttcc, on 2 November 1971, tl,a Republic of’ Znirc, in tho course of tire debate cu the quostiou of the definition of aggression, summed up tllc item under discussiou today, that is, provocation which falls iir the category of acts termed hostile or h~imicul. I le suid: Wndcr the concept of’ ‘hostile or inimica! acts’, WC can inriudo all acts of a serious aud yravc uaturc tlowiug from warilkc pluus. 7.‘ochn9cully, u hostile act is sy~~onyn~ous with 9~roWx1ti~m This prcsums ;I moral rcspousihllity, at “(u) Mansuros wbiclt can prej~dico or dmogo Ulo eoouomuy of unotbor State-lu other words, an attack on property-suclr 0s blockndo, boycott, mbnrgo, sequo~+ tration, despollblg of UIO good$ of another State 01 of its mtionals. All those ~ncasu~cs am grouped uudcr tbd ‘conmon bonding pf cc~iionU0 aggrcssior~ or nets of indiroot nggrossion. “(b) Attnoks against tbc nntlol:als of u Stnto, such us expulsion, nrbitrnry bnprlsonmcnt and the vlclntiou and displnconioiit of pol~ulatIons. “(c) Linilntoral acts of terror, sucli ns ultimtum., Uuonts, concautrntlon of troops cm frontiers md so fortll.“s I ‘do not bollovo I need to stress Ulo fnct that those oluuaoteristic situations which nro ox~u~plos, nro lhuitod cam and nro also classicnl, bavo all boou cnrrled out by the rebel r6gho of !UJ f$uith aud his oliquo. 107. ,DUt Lho qWStiOl1 cannot bo put into such n shj~to nuswor. It is fnr too complex, since it rats08 tlio thorny problem of responsibility, tlmt is to sny, who is to blomo for damago caused by a body corporate which, in UIC oyos of tbo law, is intomationally iion-oxistont, that is to say, legally a iioUU!lg, 108. At tbo fall of tbo Bastille, Lmls XVI is said to llovo asked one of ltis frlend8, “Is this a rebellion? ” Aud tbo rop!y was, “No, Sire, it ir n rovolutiou.” It Is obvious tllat in the case of Rhodosia it is not a question of n revolution but a more robolllon: it is au act of robelliou against tbo adnU&.toring Powor. 10% Legally simkh~, the Rhodesia of Iau Smith Is dtill a Britlsb colony w&11 does uot oven possoss tbo status of II dominion. Tbcrofore, rei\ordloss ot: the specific toga1 status that i8 to be assigned to it-integral part of the Metropolitan territory or separate dependent territory admiulstcrod In the irmrests of the population-it is only the adn~liilstcrhig l’owor itsel? that can assume the ropremtation of it and assunle responsibility for it. I have Just n~orltiuncd the United Kingdom of Greut Dritrdn and Northmu Iroland. Legully spellking. the rdghno of’ Inn Smith cmnot be 5 I’hls stutemunt wun made at the 1273rd mctilh~y of thu Sixth Conmillteq lhe afficlul rccmdu of which tar0 publlshcd In suniw~ry form. 1 lo. Wltbout rosortliig to otlior arguiuouts, the ontiro arsonnl of tbo resolutions ndoptod by tllo Security COUUAI or f.ho rcco~nmcndatious of the Gonoral Ammbiy IY tlmro: the Ui\tod Kirlgdm bus uot only tlio moral conuuitn~ont but tbo lognl obllgatlon to cnsuro rospoct for tlio stiptdn. tlons of its owu Constitutloe, to ptit down the rabolliou and to ostublisb n democrntlc rdgbno in thut purl of Afrlcu roproscntod by tbo Zhnbebwo l~oople, 11 1. As the Uuitod Kingdom has the duty, so has it tlio powor: It possesses tlio mom and tbo strength. The sole problem confroutlng it is to ncquirs the courngo, wldcb is n mttor of sincerity, bouosty and cousolonco. Without it, it will staud boforo tbc world in Ulo wny iu wllicb bistory has dofinod It, in UIO bnrdly flnttoring tom, correctly or incorrectly applied to it: “psrfldious Albion”. The clud. lengo bns bcoii hurled. It is up to the United Kingdon] to rospoud. As far as wo nro coucemod, wo can only muko a last arid most beortfolt nppeal. 112. WC tborcforo know who is truly responslbla, who should really be the master of the dtuatlon. Tlarcforo the UnIted Kingdom should b able to guamtee froodotn of circulntlon and movement of persons, of goods und of idons In the Pmblau pnrt. of Khodosinu territory still under its domluatlm. But the net just coniiuittod by Ian Snllth only swells the volume of illegal acts that tbo United Kingdom should repress, within tbc framework of its domestic jurisdfotlon. It is true that a frontier, like a door, as Sbakespoaro put It, is made to be opened or closed. This is a truism, but it Is presumed tbnt oitber wny it will not damago tlm interest of third parties. In otlm word8 it is tlio cbmlcal prlnclple of the abuse of rigbts. 113. But, h;lvlng suld this, wo expect a fomnl objoctlon on the part of the adn~lnistoriug Power. Out of curiosity wo glnrrced at Ulo l’rmry Series of the United Nations and it appeared tbut the United Kingdom is not u party to the “Convmtlou on trcusit trade of land-locked States”, which was dorm at New York OII 8 July j9656 orld which, uccordlng to the provisions of its article 20, utitercd into form on 9 Juue 1967. We arc not going to try to avoid a discurslon, hut at this stugo wo should like to cnst full light WI t11c llleill prWiSiCJUS of t11o (!onventlon, whose &mblo says ill oSSoI1co: -- 6 llnlled Nihm, ‘ILea?)’ Set/es, vol. 597, ,I, 42. 44 $4, “1. III order to oujoy the freedom of,thb sons oh oqunl toruts with constnl States, Stntos hnvhrg no Son-const should hnvo Creo nccoss to tho SOP, To this cud Stntos sftuatod botwoon the son nud n Stnto hnvlug IIO son-const slur11 by coumou ngrcomout with the lnttor nud in couformlty with otisthrg iutornntlomd convGirtloirs ncoord: “(a) To the Stntc hnvhrg 110 scn-const, OII n bash of reciprocity, fro0 trnusit through their tcrrltory; “ 9.) “Prlllciplc IV “111 order to promote fully the ocononlic dcvelopmcut of the lnnd-locked couutrics, tho said countrlos should bo afforded by all Stntos, on the basis of reciprocity, free nrld uurestrlctod trnuslt, in such n mnmror that they hnve free nccess to regloual aud intoruntioual trndo III ull clrcumstnnces uud for every typo of goods, “ * . t “(b) The tom ‘traffic in trpludt’ mGnm the pnssnge of goods 11~o1udI11g uuaccompaulod baggnge across the torrl. tory of n Contrnothrg SW betwcou n land~lopked Stnto turd the son wheu the pnssnge is n portiou of n complete jourlloy wlllcll begins or ternlinutos withln the territory of that 1nndJocked State nud wldch hroludcs sen trnnsport directly proceding or followlrig suc11 passage. Tho tram shipmetlt, wiuoliousl~q& bronkhg bulk, aud cluulge iii the mode of trnqort of such goods, us well as the assembly, disassembly or reassembly of tnnchiuery nud bulky goods shrill hot render the pnssnge of goods outsldo the dofudtion of ‘traffic in transit’, . . .” 114, Tla gerrerul frnmcwork of thut Corrverrtiorr, which is of n gouerol inturc, rests 011 the followiug priuciplcs: freedom of trcntiueut between constnl nlld hind-locked Stutos, non~dlscrhni~iuti3a, reciprocity. Its sphcrc of uppli. catloii 111 prhidplo excludes the nou~coutnctiug States, but udmits the exception of uecesslty iis uu exoueruthig clnusc; tho oxistoucc of’ n most-fuvourcd uirtiou clause; the exist: enw of specific agrcemctlts, which ure uot contrary rind more gcueral ml gcucrous, os wall us that 01’ other universal collvGlltlolls. 115. Could the Urtitud Kingdom consitlcr itself ns not bourrd by the prcrvieious u,f this Couvcutlon’i I~ormnlly 117, Purthormorc, tha condltlous aud modulltlcs uf applh cntioii of priuciplo V of the Coiivoiitloii hnvo not, wo bolIovo, boon met. Thoroforo, uclthor the Uultcd Kiugdom nor the robol r6ghne cnu vnlidly invoke It. This Is how prliiciplo V roads: “Tlio Stnto of trnusit, whllo niuintoii~liig full sovcrolgnty ovor its torrltory, will havo tho right to tnko all lnditi poiiseblo iIIensuros to cusuro thnt the exorcise of th0 right of fret uud uurostrlcted trnnsit shll in 110 wny Iufrhigo its legltlmuto hrtorosts of nuy kind.” 118. Tho same nppllcs to the prohibitions laid down iu nrticlo 11 prohibiting the pnssnge of specially dofiuod persous, and goods of a cntogory whoso import is prohis bltod either for rcnsous of mornllty, henlth or public security or ns n prccautlou agnlust aahnl or plunt disenses, or ngniust pests. 119. Those nro the ronsons why Zaire hns tnkcn up Zambin’s problem rind cnuso, It is for those ronsons that UIC most nuthorized voice of Zaire, thnt of our Preddont, Gcncrnl of Uro Armod Porcos, Mobutu Seso Seko, promlsod ocononiic, political aud milltnry asslstauce to the brother State of Znmbia. 120, Uoforc concluding, aud supportlng all the clnlms submitted by Znmbia, the delegation of Zaire would like to onsure that the discussion of the Zamblau coniplaint’wlll rtot be closed, but that the Council will follow its dovolopmout, keeping it on the list of items that It hns to exnmhro, until n sultuble solutlou hns boou found. 121, Po1luwl1ig the cxnmplo of the Frouch rovolutloitnrios, 1 shrill couclude by saying: “Let the colonies dla, but not the prhrciples”-the principle of solf~determiuation of peoples crud the principle of 1’:~ movcmcnt of pcrsous, goods nud Ideas. 122. Mr, OiX!RO-JOWI (KcII~u): Virst of’all, uhw IIIC, OII bchnlf’ of my dclegutlon, to reglstor my dclegntiou’s thunks to the rcprcsel~tntivu of Znmblu for the clenr, factual nud ullclllotioIla1 muuer 111 wldcll ho pruscllted his country’s compluiut to the Security Council yesterday /1607M ~~o’oK/. The statealent mudc yesterduy by the rcprescntutive ol’ Zu~rhia, 111~ good fried nlld colluuguc Ambnb sudor Puul Lusaka, will stml out in the records of this (‘uuwil us u11 uwurutc, lw~lcst uud fuctuul prcswtutioa snd umlycis ui true of the urost explosive and emotionally 123. The friendly posture of Zmbin durhg this hour of trial is tllc nlnrk of President Kalulda’s Iu~uu~~~is~u aud practicnl applicatioa of nil that Is good aud noble in a icadcr who works for peace. Prcsidcnt Kaundu #II. boon put to a rigorous test. 111s Govcr~~~na~~t uud pdoplc IWO withstood serious throats to their eolultry’s national security and poliiical htcgtity. The Znmblan peopic have faced aarc* don Ed ccormuic blockade md lmvc oniorgcd tdumphunt and dctcrnUned that freedom und human dignity in southcni Africa shall not be lost by dcfault to raclalim rind hupcrIa!isu~. On bchaif of my Govcmucnt, I should like to record our nppreclntiou to Mr, Kaunda aud the Zurubinu pcopie for their steadfast dcfencc of Africun frccdm, African dignity and the pcrsouality ofmthc African pcopic. 124. In support ok tlic Zumbiuu pcoplc, this is whnt the i;o&n Minister of Kmya, Mr. Njorogc Mul;gai, had to say a few days ago: 126, The item placed 011 the agmdn ycstordny, nmcly, the throat to the security, indcpcndeuce aud iutcgrlty of Zambia, Is 0110 of the ~~cgativc clcrucnts of the southcru Africau situation. As was clcnrly stated by the reprcsm tativc of Zambia in the course of his stntomout, the southeru African situations today constltutcs out of ti1c grnvcst timnts to pence aud security h Africa and indeed in the wl~oic world, First, the southcm African situatiou constitutes a throat to intmmtlounl pcacc because III southern Africa WC have a white populutlon-a widtc nduority-which is coumittcd to i~nposi~~g on our pcopic a political oud social plU!osop!~y akin to fascism uud uazisu~ 11~ its ruthlcssucss and ‘opprcssivqucss. Socoudiy, thcrc is a thrcot to iuternatioual pcacc nud security in southcm Africa bccnuso in that arca racinlism, upurrttcid and ~010. uiullst impcrialisal arc working in colluslou to stem the tide of nntlo~~aiis~u and sc!f~dctcrnUuntlor~ iu Africn. Tldrdly, the situation in South Africa coust~it~tcs a thrent to iutcruational peace aud security because the pldiosopl~y of apwtheid and raciaiis~n of South Africa cnJoys the support mid encouragement of ccrtatln powerful ruling circles iii tilr! West, Lastly, the soutltru Afrlcau situatioii constitutes a thrent to i1~teruatiouai poacc and security because the racists of South Al’~‘lca arc so bigoted und blind in their Ulogicnl racial couccptiou of history ilud ecouomics aud, as with the Naxis aud the hscists, nothing short of war sud notilii~g shorl of their complete dofeat will chuge the ‘.‘T!Io Kci~ya Covcrmuont strongly dcpiores Urn remit hd~wnan decision by the rcbcl r6ghc of Rhodesia to ciose its border with Zambia as it is ahnod nt paraiydug the Zrunbian econou~y, cspccially the transport of copper through Rhodcsln to the outside world which cam Zambia 95 per ccrlt of her foreign currency. “Kouya regards this iul~u~uru~ dccisioo as n dcspcrate move by Uic rebel rbghc, as it wiI1 not affect the actlvitics of the frcodom fighters in Rhodesia0 It hells Prcsidcnt Kaundn’s wise decision to reject Rhodesia’s co~m+.ion that copper may pass thou& Rhodcsin while Zambiau imports suffer. “Kouya rallies around Zau~bia to dcfcat tlu forces of oppresslou, in~periaiis~n, racism mJ colouialls~u in Zinc bnbwe aud assures Zmbin of its goodwill towards her md of Kcuya’s rcadiuess to 1uakc cvcry facility avaiiablc to help 7a1ubla’s import-oxport trade through Mombasa. squally important, Kenya is willing to couddor auy request for hports, purchase, trausport of copper, etc., aud the USC of KUNATCO trunsporl~facilitics. “TIE Zmbian Goverlmmt will shortly be seudiug a strong delcgution to Kenyu “(u/ To ucgotiatc the possihiiitics of the use trl’ the Port of Muh~sa; md “(b) The USC of KI!NA’I’W trmport capscity; dtuutiall, 127. Southern Africa has becu dcscribcd variously III Wcstcru circles as ‘Yhe soutlirrru froullcr of Wcstcru Christluu civilisation”. It has also Imil tc1nletl the soulhern dcfeucc liue of’ NATO EMI 3 strullgilcdtl of Wostcru Cll1Jitdhll. All illu~hn IW bee11 ~~eatcd alId ~ell-~~~eani~~~ 128. I do not think there is any houcst loader of my sect of Christianity who still boliovos tllnt the u~wrtheW aud raciolisui of southern Africa are lo accord with Clulsti~u p!dlosophy rind i~rincii~!os. The World Council of Churches !UIS ruado it abmdautly clear that racialism oud apart/&l nro In fnct n oogatlon of Christian teachings, T!lo World Council of Churches has nlnde it clear that dcuinl of frcodoui oud the rig!lt to self-dctcmination is opposed to Christian toachiugs nud the brotherhood of mu. In other words, southern African rncia! rhghes arc h Umnsolves a negation of the basic prlnciplcs of Cliristianity aud, Ulercforo, thnt wllich Vorstcr, SnniUl and Portuguoso colonialists stand for in southm Africa is not Christianity. 129, IO the context of t!ic cold wnr, ho minority rOghnes of southern Africa hnvc been parndoxlca!ly regarded ns NATO’s !ast dofcnco line. But this claim has boon dovoid of auy logic right from the start and is now more or less dofuoct h vlow of wlut the West aud the socialisfcouutrics aro doing to reach accommodation with iacll o&or. Iu this exercise, the position of Uic iniiiority r8glmes of southern Africa is uot ouly ambivalent but highly illoglcnl. Is it not ncccssary for the Western world to inform the southern African racialists that the bogoy of conuutu11s111, which they hold as a pretext for oppresstug UIO Africnns, is a lucre flginoiit of Uioir owo iinagiiiatioi~? 130. The other roam for racial oppression h southern Africa and the obstinnte posture of Portugal is that the soutlloru Afrim nhorities waut to preserve the racial purity of the southem Africau whites. Yho southom African racialists are holding on to the myth of racial purity and rncia.! superiority despite the tota! eclipse of nnzissn and fascism aud despite nil the icnowlcdge that sciouce has ndvauced to show that racial superiority md racial purity are more myths. Desplto all UIO studies conducted by vnrious bodies at nntimaol aud htemtional Icvels, UIO white racists of southem Africa are clinghg to the belief that rnclally hey are superior to tumwhitcs in southern Africa rind hut, becuuse of this, they are the chosen race who must rule und donhnte tlie non-whites in southcro Africa. 131. After six years of rcsoarch hto blood groupiuge to estublish scioutificnliy the origins of souihcru Africa’s coloured peoples, a South African scientist, Dr. M. C. Both, has come up with SOIIIO shocks i’or the whites 01’ south11 Africa. lie says that the whites of South Africa arc noithcr us white nor as pure as they think thy arc. Ilc conciurles Uiut the coloureds of soutlim Africa urc more white thn they ure gcucrally believed to be by the whites of sautlum Ahica. To elaboiutc t!lis point I should like t(l quote froni a report oil this which uppeared in th! Nnirobi .I:irst African Stutrdurd ol’ 13 April 1972: “The results of Dr. Both’s rcsenrch are pubiishcd in n special supplonmt to the South African Mcdicul Jourtlal Thy n~c can@ him far fewer plaudits than the world’s first hart trauspht operntion in which hc matched t!le tissue and bccanlo a aenrmtional hero along with Professor Chris Barnnrd. “Dr. Botha concludes Gut t!ic gcnoalogical heritage of whit0 South Africaus is 7 per cant black, Ile also finds that the 2 mill1011 Coloureds-the people of mixed descmt h South Afriqa regarded as non-white and deprivod of the privllegcs of the elito white group of noariy 4iniilicm--arc geuoticaliy 34 per ccut West Buropenu (white) 36 per cent southoro Africnu (black) ruld 30 per cent Asian, “The racial notious r&ted by these fhtdings nrc first that the coloureds arc desceudauts only from Ilottcntots and imported black Malay sinvos, rind therefore have 110 white blood, and thnt the wliitos have ouly 1 per cant of black blood. Those are the optimistic figures which wore arrived at by a medical survey ln 1902. “hstead they estnblish scientifically tllc fact that coloureds and whites In South Africa share a gcno pool that is 41 per cent conunou to both grouplugs. “This raises the hnmodlnte question of whether or uot tile Coloureds-South Africa’s lost people-should not be regarded as whites and asshllatcd into the group. ‘%I an htervlcw, Dr, Both came dowi firmly on the side of the integrationists and said: The gonetic differehce is insufflcient to divide us Into separate races.. . . The fnct is that the coloureds are just a little less pure than we whites are.’ “Although the purpose of his work evolved ‘hto an attmpt to give the coloured people sc~me identity’, t!ie or:ginnl motives were purely medical aud scientitlc. “Dr. Botha is a pathologist in charge of the provincial blood grouphg laboratories ie UIO Cape Provhcc. His first ah had IJIXII to deteroho the R!I factors in a multiracial society SO tht blood grouplugs could be carried out 011 a nlore scicntilic basis. “At t!le snnlc the a starthg and htriguhg nicdical case invo!ving UIC brother Of ‘one of the couutry’s most prmitmt white iwli~ his liuinu is not ihcntioned colivillccd him thut a scientific hvestigatioi~ into Uic racial admixture of South Afrlcuas was vitally ul:ccssary. fur rucdichc. IlotiOIlahl Which iS Cllmltly SWGOpillg thG wholo of souU1~orn Africa, 135.’ Two deve~opmonts in souUlGrn Africa hnvo led to Uie prese11t co11fro11tation between Uio minority racialists of southor Africa and Zambia. “TIIGSO. wGrG thy medical objcctkes of Dr. Uotha’s research. But as it developed ho began to appreclato the historkd and sOG~O~O&?IX~ s@lifiCallCG Of thG SCtGlltifiC facts Whl~h were emerging. Not only would the doctors bo made aware of dlsOaSGS lIsUaUy assoc&tGd With DllG race group occurring olnong fl1e oU1er, but hi3 saw mcrltr also h1 p11bUshhlg U1e results to give the colourad mnn an identity. 136, TUG first of tlieso is tl1G verdict of ‘ho” roturncd by the Pearce Couuuission, which domonstratod that tl1e 5.5 iuiUiou Africans livhlg ill Soutliortl Khodcsla waut nothing lass Ulna full~fledgcd independcncc and n1nfority rule. Following this setback, the rucialists in the Brltisl~ colony of SouthGr11 Khodesia took the ILadviscd road of increasi11g the stcncli of their oppressive r6gimc. This is how ‘IYv~c magazine of I Jauuary 1973 describes it: lie said, ‘I feol it is time U1G coloured ma11 know UIC facts. It is time he knew ho Is not desccndod only from HottG11tots and slaves. It Is thiis he rcatizcd he has all the faults, all the virtues and alI thG pote11ttilUGs of U1G UuGG conthienta’ ” ~- 132. 1 haV0 taken thG the to roved these faGts bccauso they are baslo to UIO southern Africa11 dtuatlo11 VIC are deallng with. The white racists of SouU1 Africa, after all these facts are known, cuu1ot be regarded in any oU1Gr tight. The only logical way of judging thorn is to regard them as a group of bigoted people, 11otorlous poop10 who do not know where their into&a UG and who do 11ot CprG about their own future. They ore not dofending southern African ChrisUanity against infidels. They arc not fighting to prearvo the smllcd purity of their race, bocausc, as U1G scientifid ovldence shows, Uare are no pure races i11 South Africa. L&O Ule Nazis, they are vicths of a so&d ideology, victims of ttkulr own selfMlicted fGarS. In other words, UkG tha Nazis and the Pascists, the soilthern African Whit0 IilhOihiGS are P caucer iIl &G body potiUc of Africa. They are desperate people who U1ink U1cy can malntah1 their illegal a11d oppress&c r&nas by force of anus; they labour under the ulusion Ujat Africa and indeed the rest of the world will countenance this opprction, and this dc ,1M of fundamental human rights and fundamental freedo111s for all time. 133. The aggression against’ Zambia: which was so graphi. caliy depicted by my friend, Ambassador Lusaka, must be seen only in U1is context. Over the past 25 years, the international co111munity has nppealcd to South Africa to abjure uprttreid a11d raclalis111 and live in pcuce with the African people in South Africa who so greatly outnumber them. The records of U1e General Assembly of the United 137. It is sigt1ificant to recall that those oppresslvo measures ~814 co11vct1iont~y enforced ufter full consuitation bctwecn Ian Smith tild his South African and Portuguese counterparts. Just boforu the cnforcomcrit of those mens= ures Uiere wus 0 mcctbig. This Is hqw 17~ I:‘co~~Mst of 4 Novenher 1972 reports it: Natious are fidl of these appeals: South Af’rh has been eondemncd on many occasions, but to no avtill. Kathcr than heed these apyoals, the South Africa11 ruclsts have decided not only to entreuch their vicious rEgin1o throu& terrorin uud the machinery of a p&e St&; they have also embarked UII a mission to convert Tetritr&s to the IKJIUI arid urour~d South Af&a into strongholds of ra. cialism and whltc minu1ity dorni~rutjur~. “IIardGr tlmcs Uo ahead for Khodesin’s blacks. 111~ Parllame11t of the breakaway colo11y recantly adopted a scrles of harsh now 111Gasures designed to impose South Afrlcanastyle uprr/teW on its 5 n1Ulio11 subjugated Afri. CRIIS. Khodeslan Prime Mister Ian Smifii still speaks coriflde11tly of achieving a ‘setUement’ with Britain seine time next year. But he knows full well U1at the now measures, if his Gover11me11t e11forccs U1em severely, could hardly be accepted by tl1e British Govornmcnt. “Among other things, the 11ew laws (1) forbid Khodcsian blacks to travel outslde the country uiiless each journey Is approved by a white civil servant, (2) force all Africans over age 16 to carry an identity pass at all times, on pal11 of P $140 fl11e a11d six months iu Jail, (3) reinforce the scgrcgatlon of publio swini111ing pools, (4) bar blacks from rnovh~g to white urba11 areas unless tlcy have jobs or spoclal permits, (5) preveilt Africans fro111 behlg served food and drink in wl1ito areas after 7 p.m. on weekdays and all day Sunday, iu1d (6) declare purely white amas ‘EuropeanizGd’ to prevellt ‘h1filtratlon’ of Asians and cdoreds. “A likely next step: race classificatio11 boards, like Uiose in SouU1 Africa, to detormho who Is white and who is 11ot ,” “Last week-end’s high&vcl dGfG11ce tulks bGtWCG11 South African arid i~t1odGsiai1 mh1istccs and defcncc chbfs, following closely Mr. Iun Smith’s visit to Lisbon, reflect growing southern Afrlcau coi1cer11 at whut Is believed to bc a drtcriorating military situation in Portuguese Mozambique. Until very recently Khodasia’s ‘Secondly-and even more seriously-Rhodesia’s east” erJJ flank is bchlg iJicreaslngly tlJroatoJK!d by what an official report calls ‘vastly hicreased terrorist activity’ tn MozaJubiquc. The first stage of the CaUlpaigU waged by FRI3LIMO-the Frout for the Liberation of Moza~nbiquc-to affect Rhodesia was the mining of the road that 1tJlks !5alisbury with Malawi. Scvaral trucks have been destroyed, with loss of life, and one transport coJnpany rcvealed this week that its business on the route had bccn halved, Even more serious has been the southward penetration by FR13LIMO which, it is feared in Salisbury, could disrupt the vital rail suld road links between Rhodesia and the Mozambique port of Beira. The focus in the Rhodcsian security situation has now switched from the Zambezi to this eastern border, which is tuuch more difficult to defend. “It is no secret that the Rhodesian authorities are opeitiy critical of the 1’Xtugucse ‘ha~tldliiig of the war in Momtnbique, aJid last week’s meeting hardened the belief in some politIcal circles that it ir 0iJly a matter of thnc before the Rhodesiaus aud the tauth Africans start to play a Jnuch more active role in Momnbique’s defence.. And Zambia’s positiou may also have beed discussed at the meetings. Only two months ago Rhodesia issued,a toughly worded statenmt warning Zambia about the dangers of harbouring gUWiuaS; the most recent landnlloc oxplosio~i is bound to have increased tllc pressure for scnne form of Rhodesitui retaliation, whlc11, If it cotnes-although this seems unlikely-is Ilable to take au economic rather than a rutlitary fornl. But the real problem for Rhodesia is to persuado the Portuguese to iJuprove security in Mozambique. And this they will not, or cannot, do.” .~ 138. That briJ&s me to the second reason behhid the prosent confrontation between Zambia and the racialist r&inJe of Ian Smith. As I said earlier, the march of freedom in southem Africa is beginnh& to worry the iacists of southorn Africa. The racists have conle to realizc that the itnpendiue rmf’ronta~ion is goiug ta bc between UIOI~SC!VCS, on the ono hand, and the rest of Africa, of which Zambia is a part and the ucarest targot, ou the other. South Africa, Portugal and the illegal r6glme of Smith arc always quick to deuy that the frcudm fighters of southorn Africa arc making yuick aud meaningful headway iu their fight to rid their countries of minority dlctatorship aud racial minority r&imes. But the truth is there, and one has only to read souio recent Jiewspapcr reports to realize the achlal posit:oIl, ‘illis is what iilc hi$~ fJatb:~ of Nalrob! sair! <>I! 23 JaJJuaxy 1973: “Closely eJum.inod, howeveT, Sntith’s actions are, In reality, abncd at 1daChg Rhodesia on a war foOUn& Proddont Kauuda of ihbia has said as much; aud as the rebel Prinio Minister has beori bragghy of having had an upper hand over the freedom fighters, his latest warlike provocations caJuiot deccivo anybody. “ZaJubiau official reports of South African troop ~novcn~onfs iuto Rhodesia over the last few days have JJot beon convinchigly rebutted by Smith ;uid his friends in Pretoria. At least 4,OOil South African troops were [some weeks back] reported by UIO Zambiaus to have arrived In Rhode& “Who dare now doubt the tlrning and designs of the racist axis in Southern Africa? ZaJnbia has obviously been chosen as their tJmnediate target and, unless the warmongers are assured of solid African and world upposition to their degigns-and Ilninedtate measures takon to reinforce Zambian defences-anything ca11 happen at any the. .._ “It might have becu unth&able a few months ago tha; the minority r6gfiues which rule over southem Africa would be so foolish OS to incite the horror of what might turn into a racial war. They hws closed their eyes conlpletely to Africa’s post-[independence] history for they now realise that, abuost to a man, all the rulers Of iJidependent Africa are no~raciallsts aJld regard all their citizens as equal partners in JMtion-bUUding. “This ib: the ediflcc the racists of southem Africa aie bent on sabotaging, possibly by force. ‘%Jnith and his collfederates have always dreaded the prospect of losing the lucrative trade r0tUrJI.s they have beeu harvesting &om landlocked ZaJubia. NOW that work on the Tanzam railway is proceedins satisfactorily, SnUtll had to fiJld a scapegoat ie the occasiond iritrusion on Rhodes!a by African freedoJn fighters. He therefore abruptly sealed off the . . . borders [between his country and Zmnbia] . “11~1 the white Rhodestan rcbcls sta!tcd provoking Zambia as loug ago as 1970 and 1971. It was then, too, that the first coutiupicnt of South African troops took up positions along the Zambezl River. “h October 1971, for Instance, the Smith r@me __. created a 2!h~fle-hnp buffer zone along the &r~h%i -- “Although Governments ln all lndopondent African countries arc aware of South Africa’s military might, and Uu, strongth and calibre of the White Rhodesian armed forces and thelr modern kit, they wlll definitely not stand aloof if Zambia is ottackcd. “Any typo of war is always wasteful. It would be the height of folly if the racists of southern Africa hwite upon thcntselves the wrath of armlcs from indcpcndont African countries. Taking solace L ’ what they call intricate logistics and geographical b&ibitions, the racists have been making a terrible mistake in thinking that they could overrun any of the hidcpc,ndcnt African countries and got away with it. 143. The .%curity CounciJ and the intornationol ~0111. lm.inity illust co1110 to the aid of Zambia and help it snlv~gc its economy, and protect its political and econo~nlc sovereignty. The Council must co1110 to the aid of Zambia, both US a loyal Mombor of this world body and as a champlon of the purposes and principles of tho Clcarter. In this respect my dolcgation not ouly supports all the conditions and recommendations which wore out!!ned by the ropresentative of Zambia in his statement yesterday, but also urges that the Council invoke the provis!yns of Articles 49 and 50. ~~ ~~~ ~~~ “Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Malawi have offored Zambia every possible asslstancc and facility. Several other independent African countries have denounced Ian Smith’s warlike provocation and called on the Organisatidn of African Unity to take up the cl1c1tl~1~ge. _. “Unfortunately, due . . . to [certain difficulties], the independent African States have so far failed to crtiate tho type of High Command or ‘Dofcnce Commission they have been talking about since 1963. That idea should now commend itself [to the African countrles] in the Hght of the ‘current events In Central Africa.” 144. WC also urge the Cou~lcil to set up and immodintely dispatch to Zambia a high-powered missloll, supported by experts in ccono~~~ics, trade, transport and communications, to assess the needs of Zambia at this thue and report back on this to the Council as soon as posslblc. 145. Morcovor, economic sanctions against the rebel r& ghne of Ian Smith must now be declared total and must be rigorously applied aud supervised to onsurc that they arc not violated. The Council must appeal again to all countries of the world to cut off all relations with the rebel colony of Southern Rhodcsla in order to give the sanctions a chance of success. The machinery for enforclng the sanctions should be carefully rc.cxamined and tighteued whore they are found wanting. * 139. The Security Cou~lcil and the international com. munity must now act to defuse the southeru Africa situntion. As has already been hidicated by many speakers, tho situatjon is pregnant with conflict. It is full of strife and agony signifying the h~cvltablc racial clash, bloodshed and holocaust, 140. As was clearly indicated by the representative of Zambia in his statement yesterday, South Africa’s practice of intervening in the affairs of depcnde:it Territories in southern Africa must be curbed completely. The United Kingdom must force South Africa to remove its armed forces from the colony of Rhodesia. Tho Security Council must again reaffirm its support for the people of Southern Rhodesia, Angola, Mozambique and Namibia in their fight for independence and self-determination. 146. [iinally, 1 should Hke to point out that UIO war~h@ we are giving in the course of this debate are not now. l‘ilis Is not the first time wo African represintatives have pointed to the dangers and to \hc likely conflagration 111 southern Africa. We appeal to mombcrs of this Council to judge OUI statements and to weigh our judgements carefully, because it appears to mo and to my dolcgatiou thdt very soon this Cou11ci1 and the international community will have no way of avoiding a racial confrontation and blood bath in 141. Of hnn~ediato importuncc is the crisis prcclpitatcd by thu Rhodesian closure of its border with Zambia and its imposition of an economic blockade agelnst Zambia. Two immediate actions are called for here. First, the coafrontation created by the action of the rebel r&imo is a daagc~ous symbol of the likely clash of black und white people of southern Africa-+md hero 1 must say that fighting snd bloodshed have long been predicted as the inevltnblc outcome of upvt/di and blinkered refusal to acknowledge African political aspirations-and the h~dcpende~~e IIIOVCmerit cannot ct uny time be stifled. Also, the guerrillas ~QVC shown tllat they will fight lrnd terry their fight and ttle shooting war to Ule borders uf Rhodesia. Uecausc of the southorn Africa. i47. Mr. JAIN (India): It wns with close attention and a feeling of deep concern and sympathy that we listened to the statement of the reprcscntatlvc of Zambia at the conuuencenlent of our prcscnt dobatc /1687r/1 rrzcethtg/. lie gave a comprehensive exposition, eloquent alld yet restrained, of the extrcmdy dangerous situation which has been created 111 southern Africa :G a result of the 1~10s~ recerlt atid serious agressive activities of the illCgd racist r6gime ill Southorlr WlodCsia. “II1 Ms crlucnt lilolllollt for Zan1bia Rlld fo1 p’)aco, lho representatives of t!lo l~o~mllg~led coulltrlos at tllc Wtod Nations express Ulelr complcto and fratcrna! solidarity wlttl tllo Govornmont and the lwo!~!c of Zambia, They pay trlbuto to UIC dotorminatlon of Ulo people of Zambia under your lcadorsldp to face t!lc ct&~~g~s wldc!~ confront t!icm and to t!ieir roadincss to make sacrlficcs arId undergo sufforlnys to safogunrd their indcpondcnce and tlzo cause of freedom.” 141). Ilashlty, what is tmpl~eni~~g is nothhy new. Tha history of decotonization is rcptcto with oxamptos of oppressor Powers which, unabtc to contain tlu struggle for frcodom, turned In dosporatlon against otlrsrs to ruako t!lam scapegoats of their own folly. Ttlcre llaro been, in rocont times, a uunibar of such ag@sions by cotoniat Powers against nci&bourhg States in Africa. Tllc Counci! lens ahdy dontt with complaints by Soncgat, Zairo and Guinea. Now it is Zambia wtlict~ is afflicted. 150. Both by its geogral~ldca! location and by tllc courage and dedication of its l~optc, Zambia is in the vanguard of the struggto for fraodom in soutl~crn Africa. As hrs repeatod!y bcon pointed out, ttlo prosoul activitlcs of the iIlegat rtQ!mc in luiodesio, !n ful! co1lni~anc4 with tl10 Sout!l African Government, aro doslguod to cocrca, intimidate and blackmail Zambia into witltdrawing Its so!!darlty and just support for U14 t~pithnuto struggto of the people of Zlmbabwo to secure tlloir lnat!onabto rlg!its, 151. Tile Icgllimacy of tllis struulc hs b4en recognlzod in rosotutions of ttds: Comic!! ilsotf. Tl10 Council is also fully aware that attempts to r;uppross this strullglc are not confhod to Lhc Smith r@mu aloac. ‘hey are, !II fact, only a part of the pattorn worked out by the unholy a!!i~rm~ of hat r8gimo with Soutll Africa arid Porlugul. My dologatlon would thcrcforo like to rhratd that it is necessary for the Cou~cit to tnko a comprct~ousivo view of this pnttern in the perspective of what is t~appening botwcon t!z Torrltorios coutrolted by l’ortuga!, South Africa aud the Smld &!mc on tile one hand, and indopendont Afrtcun countrlos ou the other, 152. In the present instaucc, despite the ~lc~~ials from South Africa, it !uts been well kuowu for a long time that its so-culled police force in Rhodcsla, by wllutcvct name It may be MUed, is realty on army in dispuisc. Lhrlug lust hbruary’s meetings of the Security Couilcll in Addis hbubu, my dctcgutlon sugscstcd thut v/c s!~ould study methods by which tllo South African urrny could bc wit!ldrawn from R!~odcsia. ‘l’!h qucstios 1111s now ussumcd u critical urgency 111 the prc3erit cont0Xt. 153. TIE cxl~!oslvo situuthl r&lug i’rom the co~Itlt~ued dOu!a! of the 11u1tic11nbtc rights of UK: l~~~plc of %i~nl~~hc threat4il!llg !lltorlIat!on~ peace and .socurlty, wo hnvc~o coilsidor what measures can bo offoctlvely applied, 154, It is c!Oar to us Ulat UIC prosent acts of aggression ugainst Zwnbla should bo condomnod and stoppod, and Ulat tllo South African forces ln whatovor form thy exist in Southorn IUiodesia, should Im romovcd, Wo must cxtcnd full support and sympathy to Zambia in its doterminod strugg!o to protect Its indopondcnco and aplhud Zambia’s bold stand, acutc 4co11olnlc co11scquo11c4s llotwlttlstand!llp,, against the eco~~ollllc blockade hposod on It by ho iha! r@mo of Ian Smith in coItuslou wid South Africa. It is aquatty clear that ttlo sanctions policy should b intonslfied old mado more offcctivo and UIC Councit’s Conmlittce !II his regard should undortako Imrnodiatc and approprlatc action to this end. Wo s!loutd also reaffirm tlio inatlcnablo rlg!its of the poopto 01’ Zhnbabwo, alroady onshined in SO many rcsotutlons In UIO Unlted Nutlons and llotd t!lo Unltod Kingdom Covcrnmont to its commitmet~t. T!lo unreal air wl~tch surrounds Uloso rcs!~onsibItltics, and t!lc conscqucnces wldcl~ fiow from it, wore exptaincd by 111~ dc!cgaUon at tllo 1666th mcothlg of tllo Council (in 29 Scptombor 1972. 155. Anothar important moasuro rcquirod of us is to provldc support to Zambia ill the fncc of CcollollliC prsssuros wltich are bolng cxortcd against it, The ncod for thts support had utroady bwi rccognizcd by the Sccurlty CouncIt in paragrapt~ i5 of rcsotutlon 253 (1968) which was ~l~a~lin~ousty adopted. Tids reads: “1bx~uc~t~ States Mombcrs of t!la United Nations, th United Nutions Or~tmlzation, the spccla!i~cd a@ncI~s, and other international organizations in t!lo United Natious system to oxtond assistance to Zambia as a matter of priority wit!1 a vlow to tl0tp!ng it SotW kUCt1 s!~cclat oconoliiic !x’obtOllls as it may bo confronted w!t!l ar!siug from ttlo carrying out of thcsa do&ions of tl10 Security Cwicll.” WC believc that implomcntation of tills puragraph of that resolution Is piu?lcularty imporlanl III tlio !~r4s0lit colrtoxt. WC on our part are ready to co-opcruto und contribute iu rclievhg these prcssurcs OII Zembiu in its prosout time of . . crisis. 156. We kmnv very WC!! thut UK prosent crisis bus beoIl hught U~OII Xsnhia because it ol~lx~scs coto~~iutism und dlscrllnillatloIl, beclIusc It stnlld~ ill ttvJ way ok’ tt1u ulltroty alllancc bctwcco South Ai’ricn, l’ortugu! utld lou Smith, utld bccsuso thir; uol~oly ultiu1lr:4 is UUt to utldot:niac coulltrlos Ilk4 11. l’tlc crisis fuch~l: Zun~lh sllol~i~! tlot \I4 sect1 OII!~ us otlc titrcutouiag its indcpcudcut oxistcocc but uiso as one tbrcatcttittg tltc cttuso of i’reedotn f’rottl UIO, cotouiu! yoke and c~~diingcrhg the priuciplcs wtlictl arc cnhrincd iti ho course. of Council action hi the present situation. i’ .~ ~2?ie meetl0g rose at 635 p.rt~. LIlhu in Unlted k~tiom, New York Mea: EU.S. 2,OO (or aqulv~lunt In other curre11~?01) 73.82021..I)ucurllbur 19761,92S